ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ satwiki https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ TimedText TimedText talk ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ Event Event talk 0 2132 191747 131745 2026-05-11T11:21:53Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 Redirected page to [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] 191747 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] 5963fsmklv8l3ndkyluhbe266n0wzf3 0 2837 191730 191561 2026-05-11T01:25:02Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191730 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ''' ᱯᱩᱨᱟ. ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ '''ᱱᱚᱢᱚᱭᱨᱚᱠᱯᱚᱢ ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ : ᱑ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱖᱘) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟ. ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ==ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱵᱳᱨᱳ== ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱤᱨᱟ.ᱞ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ(1st March 1968) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱠᱟ.ᱭᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱭᱤ ᱞᱮᱭᱠᱟᱭᱤ ᱟ.ᱛᱩᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱥᱤᱱᱥᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱮᱭᱟᱭᱜᱮᱞ ᱤᱨᱟ.ᱞ (1978) ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱺᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫᱚᱜ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱨᱟ.ᱥᱠᱟ. ᱥᱟᱛᱞᱟᱜᱼᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱚ ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱚᱱᱮᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟ. ᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱱᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟ.ᱛ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱜᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟ.ᱛ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ (CRPF) ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟ.ᱠᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫᱚᱜ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣᱱᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟ.ᱥᱠᱟ. ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ (1996-98) ᱫᱷᱟ.ᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱟ.ᱜᱩᱣᱟ.ᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ==ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟ.ᱛᱤᱭᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.ᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ (Gold Medal) ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱔kg,᱔᱖kg ᱟᱨ ᱔᱘ kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱔᱘kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟ.ᱫ ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱤᱵᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟ.ᱛᱤᱭᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱔᱔kg ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱔᱖kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Gold Medal) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱞᱮᱱ ᱔᱘ kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Silver Medal) ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱸᱜᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱪᱮᱥᱴᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.ᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱠᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱲᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.ᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. (Gold medal ) ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Silver Medal) ᱜᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱤᱡᱤᱸ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱨᱳᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Bronze Medal) ᱜᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱚᱠ ᱮᱥᱤᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱵᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ== {|class = "wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan=2 width=40|ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ! rowspan=2 width=250|ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ! rowspan=2 width=60|ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ !colspan=4| Snatch (kg) !colspan=4| Clean & Jerk (kg) !rowspan=2 width=40| Total !rowspan=2 width=40| Rank |- ! width=40|1!! width=40|2!! width=40|3!! width=40|Rank!! width=40|1!! width=40|2!! width=40|3!! width=40|Rank |- ! colspan=13|[[World Weightlifting Championships|World Championships]] |- |[[2005 World Weightlifting Championships|᱒᱐᱐᱕]] || align=left|{{flagicon|ᱠᱟᱛ}} [[ᱫᱳᱦᱟ]], [[ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ]]|| [[2005 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|᱔᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ]] ||᱗᱕||'''᱗᱘'''||<s> 79||᱗||95||98||'''100'''||᱗||'''178.0'''||7 |- |[[2003 World Weightlifting Championships|᱒᱐᱐᱓]] || align=left|{{flagicon|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ}} [[ᱵᱟᱸᱠᱚᱣᱵᱚᱨ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] || [[2003 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|᱔᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ]] ||᱗᱕||᱗᱗.᱕||'''᱘᱐'''||᱖||97.5||'''102.5'''||<s>105||4||'''182.5'''||5 |- |[[1999 World Weightlifting Championships|᱑᱙᱙᱙]] || align=left|{{flagicon|ᱜᱨᱤᱥ}} [[ᱱᱯᱤᱨᱟᱣᱚᱥ]], [[ᱜᱨᱤᱥ]] || [[᱑᱙᱙᱙ World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|᱔᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ]] ||'''᱗᱕'''||<s>80||<s>80||᱑᱐||95||100||'''105'''||{{sica}}||'''180'''||5 |} ==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ== {{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}} https://www.webcitation.org/6U68ulwpb?url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215108/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2017-10-19 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215108/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |date=2017-10-19 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|date=2015-10-15 }} http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== http://www.athens2004.com/en/ParticipantsAthletes/newParticipants?pid=9003801 https://web.archive.org/web/20071028023001/http://sportal.nic.in/legenddetails.asp?sno=722&moduleid=&maincatid=48&subid=0&comid=55 http://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/sports/n-kunjarani-devi.html [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱞᱚᱵᱽᱥ ᱳᱢᱮᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱙]] j6lat0lnvwpgns988wu1yxtfmils670 0 13248 191733 184574 2026-05-11T02:30:05Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ | native_name = {{native name|sco|Scotland|nbsp=omit}}<br>{{native name|gd|Alba|nbsp=omit}} | common_name = ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ | image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg | flag_width = 127px | image_coat = Royal Standard of Scotland.svg{{!}}border | symbol_width = 125px | symbol_type = [[স্কটল্যান্ডের রয়েল স্ট্যান্ডার্ড|রাজকীয়&nbsp;ব্যানার]] | national_motto = {{native phrase|sco|"[[In My Defens God Me Defend]]"|italics=off}}<br>"In my defence God me defend"^ᱚ | national_anthem = [[National anthem of Scotland|Various]]{{ref label|footnote_b|ᱛ}}<br /> | image_map = Scotland in the UK and Europe.svg | map_width = 250px | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=ᱰᱤᱯ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ|country={{nobold|ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ}} |subregion=the [[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ]] |subregion_color=ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ |region=Europe|region_color=Dark gray}} | capital = [[ᱮᱰᱤᱱᱵᱟᱨᱜ]] | latd=55 |latm=57 |lats=11 |latNS=N |longd=3 |longm=11 |longs=20 |longEW=W | largest_city = [[ᱜᱞᱟᱥᱜᱳ]]<br/>{{smaller|{{Coordinates|55|51|N|4|16|W|display=inline}}}} | languages_type = ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ{{ref label|footnote_c|ᱜ}} | languages = {{unbulleted list|style=white-space:nowrap; | [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]] | [[ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱥ]] | [[ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱤᱥ ᱜᱮᱞᱤᱠ]] | [[:en:British Sign Language|ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] }} | languages2_sub = yes | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |style=white-space:nowrap; | 96.0% White | 2.7% Asian | 0.7% Black | 0.4% Mixed | 0.2% Arab | 0.1% other }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2011 | religion = [[Church of Scotland]]<br>[[Catholic Church in Scotland|Roman Catholic]]<br>[[Religion_in_Scotland#Christianity|Other Christian]]<br>[[Islam]]<br>[[Hinduism]]<br>[[Buddhism]]<br>[[Sikhism]]<br>[[Judaism]]<br>[[Religion_in_Scotland|Other]]<br>[[Irreligion in the United Kingdom|No religion]]<ref> Other religion{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.scot/publications/analysis-religion-2001-census/pages/2/|title=Analysis of Religion in the 2001 Census - gov.scot|website=www.gov.scot|access-date=8 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/scotland/KS209SCb.pdf|title=Scotland's Census 2011 – National Records of Scotland|last=Scotland's Census|date=27 March 2011|website=Scotland's Census|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=8 October 2019}}</ref> | demonym = {{hlist |[[Scottish people|Scottish]] |Scots{{ref label|footnote_d|d}}}} | type = | legal_jurisdiction = [[Scots law|Scotland]] | government_type = [[Scottish devolution|Devolved]] [[Parliament|parliamentary legislature]] within a [[constitutional monarchy]]{{ref label|footnote_e|e}} | monarch = [[Elizabeth II]]<!--The name of the current monarch remains "Elizabeth II". A consensus on this has been reached NUMEROUS times on the discussion page; please take any disagreement there. DO ''not'' EDITWAR.--> | prime_minister = [[Boris Johnson]] | first_minister = [[Nicola Sturgeon]] | deputy_first_minister = [[John Swinney]] | secretary_of_state = [[Alister Jack]] | number_of_mps = 59 | legislature = [[Scottish Parliament]] | sovereignty_type = Formation | established_event1 = [[Origins of the Kingdom of Alba|Established]] | established_date1 = 9th century {{smaller|([[National myth|traditionally]]&nbsp;843)}} | established_event2 = [[Acts of Union 1707|Union with England]] | established_date2 = 1 May 1707 | established_event3 = [[Scotland Act 1998|Devolution]] | established_date3 = 19 November 1998 | area_rank = | area_km2 = 77933 | area_sq_mi = 30090 | area_footnote = <ref>[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-325257 Region and Country Profiles, Key Statistics and Profiles, October 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095611/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-325257 |date=2015-09-24 }}, ONS. Retrieved 9 August 2015.</ref> | area_label = Land | percent_water = 3.00% | population_rank = | population_estimate = {{increase}} 5,463,300 | population_estimate_year = 2019 | population_census = 5,313,600<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web|url=http://www.gro-gov.scot/statistics/theme/population/estimates/mid-year/2012/index.html|title= Population estimates by sex, age and administrative area, Scotland, 2011 and 2012 |date=8 August 2013 |publisher=National Records of Scotland |accessdate=8 August 2013}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 67.5 | population_density_sq_mi = 174.1 | population_density_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | GVA = £138 billion<ref name=GVA>{{cite web |title=Regional gross value added (income approach), UK: 1997 to 2017, December 2015 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/bulletins/regionalgrossvalueaddedbalanceduk/1998to2017/pdf|author=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=24 April 2017}}</ref> | GVA_rank = | GVA_year = 2017 | GVA_per_capita = £25,500<ref name=GVA/> | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2018 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.913<!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=13 September 2018}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 4th | cctld = [[.scot]] {{ref label|footnote_f|f}} | patron_saints = {{unbulleted list |style=white-space:nowrap; | [[Saint Andrew]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/st-andrews.html |title=''St Andrew—Quick Facts'' |website=Scotland. org—The Official Online Gateway |accessdate=2 December 2007 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111134544/http://scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/st-andrews.html |archivedate=11 November 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=Catholic Online |title=St Andrew |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=109 |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref> | [[Saint Margaret of Scotland|Saint Margaret]]<ref>{{cite web |website=Catholic Online |title=St Margaret of Scotland |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=304 |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=Catholic Online |title=Patron saints |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/patron.php?letter=S |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref> | [[Saint Columba]]<ref>{{cite web |website=Catholic Online |title=St Columba |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=419 |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref> }} | footnote_a = {{note|footnote_a}} Often shown abbreviated as "In Defens". | footnote_b = {{note|footnote_b}} See [[National anthem of Scotland]]. | footnote_c = {{note|footnote_c}} Scotland has no official language. English is the main language by custom and usage, with Scots, Scottish Gaelic and British Sign Language also recognised as the main linguistic groups in Scotland, according to the Scottish Government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.scot/policies/languages/|title=Languages - gov.scot|website=www.gov.scot}}</ref> Both Scots and Scottish Gaelic are officially recognised as [[regional language]]s under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]].{{larger|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.scot/Topics/ArtsCultureSport/gaelic/gaelic-english/17910/europeancharter |title=European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages |website=[[Scottish Government]] |accessdate=23 October 2011}}{{dead link|date=December 2016}}</ref>}} Under the [[Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005]], [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]] is tasked with securing Gaelic as an [[official language]] of Scotland.{{larger|<ref>Macleod, Angus [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article384045.ece "Gaelic given official status"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531171029/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article384045.ece |date=2010-05-31 }} (22 April 2005) ''[[The Times]]''. London. Retrieved 2 August 2007.</ref>}} British Sign Language is officially recognised as language under the British Sign Language (Scotland) Act 2015.{{larger|<ref name="British Sign Language">{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13876863.Scotland_becomes_first_part_of_UK_to_recognise_signing_for_deaf_as_official_language/|title=Scotland becomes first part of UK to recognise signing for deaf as official language |newspaper=Herald Scotland |year=2015|accessdate=17 January 2016}}</ref>}} | footnote_d = {{note|footnote_d}} Historically, the use of "[[Scotch (adjective)|Scotch]]" as an adjective comparable to "Scottish" or "Scots" was commonplace. Modern use of the term describes ''products'' of Scotland (usually food or drink-related). | footnote_e = {{note|footnote_e}} The head of state of the United Kingdom is the monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II, since 1952). Scotland has limited self-government within the UK as well as representation in the UK Parliament. Certain executive and legislative powers have been devolved to, respectively, the [[Scottish Government]] and the [[Scottish Parliament]]. | footnote_f = {{note|footnote_e}} .scot is not a [[ccTLD]], but a [[GeoTLD]], open to use by all people in Scotland and related to Scotland. [[.uk]] as part of the [[United Kingdom]] is also used. [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused. }}<!-- Please DO ''not'' change "part of the United Kingdom" to "constituent country" or similar without getting consensus on the talk page first, as the wording has been decided on multiple occasions. --> '''ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ''' ([[ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱥ]]: Scotland) ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ|ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ [[ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴ‌ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ]] ᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ [[ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱙᱖ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ (᱑᱕᱔ ᱠᱤᱢᱤ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ [[ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ]], ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ [[ᱟᱭᱨᱤᱥ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱠᱚᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱙᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱮᱰᱤᱱᱵᱟᱨᱜ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ== ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ== ==ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ== ==ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ== ==ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ== ==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ== ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== ==ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ== ==ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟ== ==ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱰᱸ== ==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ== ==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{Sister project links|voy=Scotland|d=Q22|s=Portal:Scotland|n=Category:Scotland}} * [http://www.visitscotland.com/ Visit Scotland], official site of Scotland's national tourist board. * [http://www.scotreferendum.com/ Your Scotland, Your Referendum], official website on the independence referendum consultation. * [http://maps.nls.uk/ Maps] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030051111/https://maps.nls.uk/ |date=2020-10-30 }} and [https://web.archive.org/web/20060206175033/http://www.nls.uk/digitallibrary/index.html digital collections] at the [[National Library of Scotland]]. * [http://www.nas.gov.uk/ National Archives of Scotland], official site of the [[National Archives of Scotland]]. *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/Scotland}} * [http://www.scrol.gov.uk/ Scottish Census Results On Line] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704124556/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/ |date=2008-07-04 }}, official government site for Scotland's census results. * [http://www.scotland.gov.uk/resource/doc/76169/0019773.pdf Scottish economic statistics 2005] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107194044/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/resource/doc/76169/0019773.pdf |date=2006-11-07 }} (pdf) from the Scottish Executive. * [http://www.scotland.gov.uk/ Scottish Government], official site of the [[Scottish Government]]. * [http://www.scotland.org/ Scotland.org], the official online gateway to Scotland managed by the Scottish Government. * [http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/ Scottish Parliament], official site of the [[Scottish Parliament]]. * [http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/ ScotlandsPeople], official government resource for Scottish [[genealogy]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20031130075512/http://www.sns.gov.uk/ Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics], the Scottish Government's programme of small area statistics in Scotland. * [http://www.scottish-places.info/ Gazetteer for Scotland], an extensive guide to the places and people of Scotland by the [[Royal Scottish Geographical Society]] and [[University of Edinburgh]]. * [http://www.streetsofscotland.co.uk/ Streets of Scotland], photos from Scotland's streets. [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== 7rkx4ycpjivlyu62sbrugghowswtb0s 0 16021 191736 75978 2026-05-11T05:00:32Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = ᱵᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱛ | altname = ᱵᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱫ | nativename = буряад хэлэн ''buryaad xelen''<br>{{mongolUnicode|ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br />ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ<br />ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ}} | states = [[ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ([[ᱵᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ]], [[:en:Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug|ᱩᱥᱴᱼᱳᱨᱰᱟᱼᱵᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱛ]], [[:en:Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug|ᱟᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱛᱤᱭᱟ]]), ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱠᱚᱧᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱤᱱᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] (ᱦᱩᱞᱩᱱᱵᱩᱭᱤᱨ) | ethnicity = [[:en:Buryats|ᱵᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱛᱥ]], [[:en:Barga Mongols|ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱟ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ]] | speakers = ᱑᱖᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ (᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ); ᱖᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ (᱑᱙᱘᱒ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ) | date = | ref = e19 | refname = Buriat<!--name as listed at Ethnologue--> | familycolor = Altaic | fam1 = [[ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱠ]] | fam2 = ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱠ | nation = {{flag|ᱵᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱛᱤᱭᱟ}} (ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ) | script = [[ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱞᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ|ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱞᱤᱠ]], [[ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]], [[:en:Vagindra script|ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ]], [[ᱞᱟᱛᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ|ᱞᱟᱛᱤᱱ]] | iso2 = bua | iso2comment = Buriat<!--name as listed at ISO 639-2 Registration Authority--> | iso3 = bua | iso3comment = Buriat<!--name as listed at ISO 639-3 Registration Authority--> | lc1 = bxu | ld1 = Inner Mongolian (China) Buriat<!--name as listed at ISO 639-3 Registration Authority--> | lc2 = bxm | ld2 = Mongolia Buriat<!--name as listed at ISO 639-3 Registration Authority--> | lc3 = bxr | ld3 = Russia Buriat<!--name as listed at ISO 639-3 Registration Authority--> | glotto = buri1258 | glottorefname = Buriat<!--name as listed at Glottolog--> | notice = IPA }} '''ᱵᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱛ''' ([[ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱞᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ|ᱵᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱛ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱞᱤᱠ]]: буряад хэлэн, ᱵᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱫ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱱ), ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[:en:Buryats|ᱵᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱛ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱟ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ|ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱟᱥ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱮᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱮᱡ [[ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱮᱨ== ==ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ== ==ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ== ==ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ== ==ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ== {|class="wikitable" |- ! ||ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ||ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ||ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱠᱷᱟ||ᱵᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱛ |- |᱑||ᱢᱤᱫ||Nige||Neg||Negen |- |᱒||ᱵᱟᱨ||Qoyar||Xoyor||Xoyor |- |᱓||ᱯᱮ||Ghurba(n)||Gurav||Gurban |- |᱔||ᱯᱩᱱ||Dörbe(n)||Döröv||Dürben |- |᱕||ᱢᱚᱬᱮ||Tabu||Tav||Taban |- |᱖||ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ||Jirghugha(n)||Zurgaa||Zurgaan |- |᱗||ᱮᱭᱟᱭ||Dolugha(n)||Doloo||Doloon |- |᱘||ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ||Naima(n)||Naim||Naiman |- |᱙||ᱟᱨᱮ||Yisü||Yos||Yühen |- |᱑᱐||ᱜᱮᱞ||Arba(n)||Arav||Arban |} ==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{InterWiki|code=bxr|Buryat}} {{Portal|Russia|Soviet Union}} * [http://buryat-lang.ru/ Russian-Buryat On-Line Dictionary] * [http://www.buryatia.org/modules.php?name=Encyclopedia&op=list_content&eid=4 Russian-Buryat On-Line Dictionary (concise)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814101458/http://www.buryatia.org/modules.php?name=Encyclopedia&op=list_content&eid=4 |date=2007-08-14 }} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱟᱞᱛᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== tpu2u0rfwo5ziylxs6ffuaknofd5il0 0 19296 191729 99404 2026-05-11T00:31:44Z MT731 2184 191729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = ᱵᱤ. ᱥᱚᱛᱭᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱨᱮᱰᱰᱤ |image = |office = [[List of Governors of Odisha|ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ]] |1blankname = ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ |1namedata = |term_start = ᱑ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ |term_end = ᱑᱗ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ |predecessor = [[ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱫᱽ ᱱᱩᱨᱩᱞ ᱦᱟᱥᱚᱱ]] |successor = [[ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱟᱢᱟᱱᱩᱡᱚᱢ]] |office1 = [[ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ]]<br>{{small|(Additional charge)}} |term_start1 = ᱑᱓ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ |term_end1 = ᱑᱔ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ |predecessor1 = [[ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱫᱽ ᱱᱩᱨᱩᱞ ᱦᱟᱥᱚᱱ]] |successor1 = [[ᱠᱮ. ᱣᱤ. ᱨᱚᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷᱚ ᱨᱮᱰᱰᱤ]] |office2 = [[ᱩᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ]] |term_start2 = ᱑᱒ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ |term_end2 = ᱒᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ |predecessor2 = [[ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱩᱥᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱤᱯᱷ]] |successor2 = [[ᱢᱳᱛᱤᱞᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱨᱟ]] |birth_date = {{birth date|1927|08|21|df=y}} |birth_place = [[ᱢᱮᱦᱵᱩᱵᱽᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]], [[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] |nationality = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ |death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2012|10|6|1927|8|21}} |death_place = [[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] |alma_mater = | profession = ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ |religion = }} '''ᱵᱤ. ᱥᱚᱛᱭᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱰᱰᱤ''' (᱒᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ - ᱖ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱟᱨ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]], [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|title=All India Freedom Fighters' Organisation|url=http://aiffo.org/about-us|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326141918/http://aiffo.org/about-us|archivedate=26 March 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/OR-Annual-2009/pdf/405-418.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-08-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219030651/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/OR-Annual-2009/pdf/405-418.pdf |archivedate=19 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SHRI. B. SATYA NARAYAN REDDY|url=http://upgovernor.gov.in/snreddybio.htm|publisher=Rajbhavan Lucknow|accessdate=14 January 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070521010509/http://upgovernor.gov.in/snreddybio.htm|archivedate=21 May 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ᱨᱮᱰᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱚ ᱘᱕ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱬᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="thehindu" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Ex-UP Governor Satyanarayana Reddy passes away|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/283436/ex-up-governor-satyanarayana-reddy.html|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=6 October 2012}}</ref> ==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱨᱮᱰᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱦᱵᱩᱵᱽᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱱᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱱᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱟᱫᱷᱤᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ <ref name="bare_url">{{cite web|title=SHRI. B. SATYA NARAYAN REDDY|url=http://upgovernor.gov.in/snreddybio.htm|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070521010509/http://upgovernor.gov.in/snreddybio.htm|archivedate=21 May 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ==ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ== ᱨᱮᱰᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱑᱔ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱱ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱚᱰᱚᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱯᱤᱯᱩᱞᱥ ᱢᱚᱢᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱛᱭᱟᱜᱽᱨᱚᱦ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱖ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱚᱧᱪᱚᱞᱜᱩᱰᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱸᱵᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱭᱚᱢ-ᱮ-ᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱚᱱᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ <ref name="bare_url" /> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} 0c685wh9l76udm5xnhgxkco3qej8dpm 0 35841 191732 191611 2026-05-11T02:07:03Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = SDO Office Mekhliganj UdiptoRoy Udipta 4647.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱮᱥᱰᱤᱳ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.35|N|88.92|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Mekhliganj City|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mekliganj.htm|website=sudawb.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 3.88 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 58 | population_total = 9217 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=www.wb.gov.in|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 March 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&nbsp;ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] | website = {{URL|coochbehar.nic.in}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ''' (Bengali pronunciation: mekhliɡɔnd͡ʒ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱪᱟᱴᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱟ' (ᱥᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ (ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=450| height=400| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|26|14|0|N|89|2|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in the Mathabhanga, Mekhliganj subdivisions and Sitai CD block of Dinhata subdivision in Cooch Behar district'''<br/>CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, M: Municipal town<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1={{coord|26|19|48|N|89|13|12|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1= Mathabhanga | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Mathabhanga]] (M)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|19|48|N|88|46|12|E}}| label-pos2=right|label2= Haldibari| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Haldibari, India]] (M) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|21|0|N|88|55|12|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3= Mekhliganj| numbered3=M| mark-title3= Mekhliganj (M)|shape-color3=black| label-size3=13|label-color3=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --> |mark-coord4={{coord|26|24|47|N|88|55|9|E}}| label-pos4=top|label4=Changrabandha|labela4= Check-point| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Changrabandha]] (CT)| shape-color4= #A40000 |mark-coord5={{coord|26|25|52|N|89|16|23|E}}| label-pos5=left|label5=Ghoksadanga| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Ghoksadanga]] (R)| shape-color5= #C42222 |mark-coord6={{coord|26|20|10|N|89|15|13|E}}| label-pos6=top|label6=Matiar Kuthi| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Matiar Kuthi]] (R)| shape-color6= #C42222 |mark-coord7={{coord|26|18|56|N|89|18|35|E}}| label-pos7=left|label7=Nishiganj| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Nishiganj]] (R)| shape-color7= #C42222 |mark-coord8={{coord|26|20|45|N|89|9|26|E}}| label-pos8=top|label8=Sikarpur| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sikarpur, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color8= #C42222 |mark-coord9={{coord|26|10|23|N|89|10|46|E}}| label-pos9=top|label9=Sitalkuchi| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Sitalkuchi, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color9= #C42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|26|18|11|N|88|59|0|E}}| label-pos10=left|label10=Kuchlibari| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Kuchlibari]] (R)| shape-color10= #C42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|3|5|N|89|19|13|E}}| label-pos11=top|label11=Sitai| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Sitai, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color11= #C42222 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|24|0|N|88|48|20|E}}|label12= Teesta River| label-color12 = #77A1CB| label-angle12=50| label-pos12=top| label-size12=10| mark-size12=0| mark-title12=none |mark-coord13={{coord|26|13|30|N|89|16|40|E}}|label13= Jaldhaka River| label-color13 = #77A1CB| label-angle13=65| label-pos13=top| label-size13=10| mark-size13=0| mark-title13=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|10|0|N|88|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-10| arc-gapA=4.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱖.᱓᱕° ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱘᱘.᱙᱒° ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱥᱴᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Mekhliganj.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Mekliganj]</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱞᱤᱣᱮᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ'', ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓.᱘᱘ ᱵᱚᱨᱜᱚ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 593-594 : Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 595| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref> ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱙.᱙᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱐.᱐᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱛᱚᱵᱷᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱓.᱖᱗% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱖.᱓᱕% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱴ ᱮᱞᱩᱣᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱰ ᱯᱞᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, pages 17-21 Physical feafures| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020}}</ref> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙,᱒᱑᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔,᱖᱖᱔ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱔,᱔᱖᱓ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱐᱙᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖,᱐᱐᱙ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱗᱔.᱘᱔%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 August 2020 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐,᱘᱓᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱒% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱑% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱕᱙.᱕% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱘% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱓% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ== ===ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ=== ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱤᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱤᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱤᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.1 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://coochbehar.nic.in/Htmfiles/CoB_Police.html | title = Police Stations under Cooch Behar district| publisher = Cooch Behar Police |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref> ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱜᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ== ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=medical>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics - Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 2 August 2020 | archive-date = 14 September 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200914160418/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] 59jcxvhj1p5ewlg61thn9okb8bdohjw 0 35844 191735 191586 2026-05-11T04:50:45Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ}} '''ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱚᱨ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱨ.ᱥᱤ. ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱫᱽ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-05 |title=BRC AND SCH SIGN COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENT |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/newsroom/BRC/BRC-and-SCH-sign-collaborative-agreement |website=www.qu.edu.qa |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328153821/http://www.qu.edu.qa/newsroom/BRC/BRC-and-SCH-sign-collaborative-agreement |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Biomedical Research Center {{!}} Qatar University |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/brc |website=www.qu.edu.qa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Qatar puts the pursuit of knowledge front and centre |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d42473-018-00045-9 |language=en}}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == [[ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Research {{!}} Qatar Genome Programme |url=https://www.qatargenome.org.qa/research |website=www.qatargenome.org.qa |access-date=2026-05-08 |archive-date=2024-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413092216/https://www.qatargenome.org.qa/research |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ, ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱭᱵᱮᱴᱤᱥ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-09 |title=Qatar |url=https://www.healthdata.org/qatar |website=Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-19 |title=Health and Biomedical Sciences |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/research-priorities/health-and-biomedical-sciences |website=Qatar University}}</ref> ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱨ.ᱥᱤ. ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2008 |title=Qatar National Vision 2030 {{!}} General Secretariat For Development Planning |url=https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/GCO-QNV-English.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-19 |title=Research Pillars and Priorities {{!}} Qatar University |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/research-priorities |website=www.qu.edu.qa}}</ref> BRC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ American Association for Laboratory Accreditation ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ISO/IEC 17025|ISO/IEC - 17025]] ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-01 |title=QU BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER AND LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH CENTER AWARDED ISO IEC - 17025 ACCREDITATION |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/newsroom/LARC/QU-Biomedical-Research-Center-and-Laboratory-Animal-Research-Center-awarded-ISO-IEC-%E2%80%93-17025-accreditation |website=www.qu.edu.qa |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328153821/http://www.qu.edu.qa/newsroom/LARC/QU-Biomedical-Research-Center-and-Laboratory-Animal-Research-Center-awarded-ISO-IEC-%E2%80%93-17025-accreditation |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ (ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱵᱟᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ), ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱵᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱰᱤᱥᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ [[Omics|ᱳᱢᱤᱠᱥ]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divisions and Researches {{!}} Qatar University |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/brc/about/divisions-and-researches |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=www.qu.edu.qa |archive-date=2023-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314053948/http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/brc/about/divisions-and-researches |url-status=dead }}</ref> == ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ == ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, BRC ᱫᱚ ᱕᱓᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-24 |title=BRC Publications |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/brc/about/publications |website=Qatar University |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2023-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315055508/http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/brc/about/publications |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Qatar University Institutional Repository {{!}} Biomedical Research Center |url=https://qspace.qu.edu.qa/handle/10576/62 |website=qspace.qu.edu.qa |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2025-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250614082745/https://qspace.qu.edu.qa/handle/10576/62 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱯᱨᱳᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ: # ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱵᱟᱭᱳᱴᱤᱠ-ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱵᱟᱭᱳᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=El Zowalaty ME, Al Thani AA, Webster TJ, El Zowalaty AE, Schweizer HP, Nasrallah GK, Marei HE, Ashour HM |date=2015-10-01 |title=Pseudomonas aeruginosa: arsenal of resistance mechanisms, decades of changing resistance profiles, and future antimicrobial therapies |journal=Future Microbiology |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=1683–1706 |doi=10.2217/fmb.15.48 |pmid=26439366}}</ref> # ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱒ ᱰᱟᱭᱵᱮᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Al-Sulaiti H, Diboun I, Agha MV, Mohamed FF, Atkin S, Dömling AS, Elrayess MA, Mazloum NA |date=October 2019 |title=Metabolic signature of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes |journal=Journal of Translational Medicine |volume=17 |issue=1 |page=348 |doi=10.1186/s12967-019-2096-8 |pmc=6805293 |pmid=31640727 |doi-access=free}}</ref> # COVID-19 ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ,<ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Younes N, Al-Sadeq DW, Al-Jighefee H, Younes S, Al-Jamal O, Daas HI, Yassine HM, Nasrallah GK |date=May 2020 |title=Challenges in Laboratory Diagnosis of the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 |journal=Viruses |volume=12 |issue=6 |page=582 |doi=10.3390/v12060582 |pmc=7354519 |pmid=32466458 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱢᱤᱠᱨᱳᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ # ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱰᱤ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ, ᱟᱫ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱰᱩᱜᱳᱝ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱥᱤᱠᱩᱣᱮᱱᱥᱤᱝ ᱾ # ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱱᱳ-ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱾<ref name="pmid36851305">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohamed NA, Zupin L, Mazi SI, Al-Khatib HA, Crovella S |date=February 2023 |title=Nanomedicine as a Potential Tool against Monkeypox |journal=Vaccines |volume=11 |issue=2 |page=428 |doi=10.3390/vaccines11020428 |pmc=9963669 |pmid=36851305 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == ᱡᱮᱵᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ == [[File:Zebrafish Graphics from Qatar University.jpg|alt=BRC Introduced the use of zebrafish as an animal model in biomedical research at Qatar University|thumb|BRC ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱵᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ]] ᱵᱤᱨ.ᱟᱨ.ᱥᱤ. ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱵᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zakaria ZZ, Benslimane FM, Nasrallah GK, Shurbaji S, Younes NN, Mraiche F, Da'as SI, Yalcin HC | display-authors = 6 | title = Using Zebrafish for Investigating the Molecular Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity | journal = BioMed Research International | volume = 2018 | article-number = 1642684 | date = 2018-09-27 | pmid = 30363733 | doi = 10.1155/2018/1642684 | pmc = 6180974 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Facilities | work = Qatar University |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/brc/facilities }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱵᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱥᱟᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Policy on Zebrafish Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Research Regulation |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/static_file/qu/research/documents/qu_iacuc/Policy%20on%20Zebrafish%20Research.pdf }}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [http://www.qu.edu.qa/research ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱟᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ] * [http://www.qu.edu.qa/newsroom ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱱᱤᱣᱩᱡᱽᱨᱩᱢ] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] 0vscv2y8xl68jobncm1cboc3qr8pxx4 0 35848 191722 191599 2026-05-10T20:22:29Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 added [[Category:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 191722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ | native_name = {{Collapsible list|title = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ:|{{langx|arb|منظمة الصحة العالمية|rtl=yes}}|{{langx|zh|世界卫生组织}}|{{langx|fr|Organisation mondiale de la santé|italic=unset}}|{{langx|ru|Всемирная организация здравоохранения}}|{{langx|es|Organización Mundial de la Salud|italic=unset}}}} | logo = World Health Organization Logo.svg | logo_size = 250px | image = World Health Organization @ Pregny-Chambésy (50636746028).jpg | caption = [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱤᱱ ᱛᱥᱩᱢᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|title=Modernizing the WHO headquarters in Geneva|access-date=5 January 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115111613/https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | image_size = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | type = [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] | abbreviation = WHO | pronunciation = ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ-ᱮᱭᱪ-ᱳ (W-H-O) | leader_title = [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ|ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ]] | leader_name = [[ᱴᱮᱰᱨᱳᱥ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱᱳᱢ ᱜᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱮᱥᱚᱥ]] | leader_title2 = ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ | leader_name2 = [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱡᱮ. ᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ (ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ)|ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ]] | status = ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ | formation = {{start date and age|p=y|df=y|1948|4|7}} | headquarters = [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]], ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ | website = {{URL|https://who.int/}} | parent_organization = [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ]] | subsidiaries = | budget = $᱖.᱘᱓ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱔–᱒᱐᱒᱕) }} '''ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ''' ('''ᱰᱚᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ-ᱮᱪ-ᱳ''') ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱱᱟᱴ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019">{{Cite web|last=<!-- no byline provided -->|date=21 January 2025|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328103427/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=28 March 2025|access-date=2 April 2025|website=Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱳᱣᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO (World Health Organisation)|url=https://internews.org/covid-19/glossary/who/|access-date=2 March 2023|website=Information Saves Lives {{!}} Internews|language=en-US|archive-date=2 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302110349/https://internews.org/covid-19/glossary/who/|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution|access-date=18 November 2024|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱮᱯᱤᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ; ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ WHO ᱫᱚ ᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ascher-1952">{{Cite journal|last=Ascher|first=Charles S.|date=1952|title=Current Problems in the World Health Organization's Program|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/current-problems-in-the-world-health-organizations-program/EBEA9C7AE079C2FB5121D1798BB847C5|journal=International Organization|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=27–50|doi=10.1017/S0020818300016179|issn=1531-5088|access-date=14 July 2024|archive-date=14 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714132908/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/current-problems-in-the-world-health-organizations-program/EBEA9C7AE079C2FB5121D1798BB847C5|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=World Health Organization/Europe|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱸᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019"/> ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ, ''[[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ]]'', ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ, [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ|ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ]] ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱯ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ HIV/AIDS, ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ, ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱵᱤ; ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ; ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱱᱤᱣᱴᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ; ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=What we do|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|website=World Health Organization|language=en}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱮ. ᱫᱚ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱭᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱴᱮᱰᱨᱳᱥ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱᱳᱢ ᱜᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱮᱥᱚᱥ); ᱡᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ (ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == === ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ === ᱑᱙᱔᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱟᱨᱠᱳᱴ ᱨᱟᱢᱟᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱢᱩᱫᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ECOSOC ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱱᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱘᱕᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="SanCon">{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|chapter=Introduction|pages=9–11|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ, ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="SanCon"/> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ-ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱙᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱥᱩᱭᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱱᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱳᱞ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="SanCon7">{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|chapter=The seventh conference: Venice, 1892|pages=58–65|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|65}} == ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱯᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ == ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴᱮᱠᱴ ᱡᱤᱱ ᱛᱥᱩᱢᱤ ‍ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/structure/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|title=Modernizing the WHO Headquarters in Geneva|website=who.int|access-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412085027/https://www.who.int/about/structure/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|archive-date=12 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱳᱯᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/archive/design-contest-opens-for-world-health-organisation-headquarters|title=Design contest opens for World Health Organisation headquarters|work=Architects Journal|access-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213211145/https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/home/design-contest-opens-for-world-health-organisation-headquarters/8664906.article|archive-date=13 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> === ᱰᱟᱹᱵᱽᱞᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱳᱯᱤᱥ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱨᱤ === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Stairwell in World Health Organization headquarters, Geneva, 1969.jpg|ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ, ᱑᱙᱖᱙ File:Patio of World Health Organization headquarters building, 1969.jpg|ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱪᱷᱟᱴᱠᱟ, ᱑᱙᱖᱙ File:Reflecting pool and women walking at World Health Organization, Geneva, 1969.jpg|ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱞᱮᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱯᱩᱞ, ᱑᱙᱖᱙ File:Women sunning selves at Geneva headquarters of World Health Organization, 1969.jpg|ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ, ᱑᱙᱖᱙ File:WHO HQ main building, Geneva from Southwest.JPG|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ File:The entrance hall WHO HQ, Geneva.JPG|ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱞ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ File:World Health Organization Executive Board Room.JPG|ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ </gallery> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Sister project links|collapsible=yes|auto=1|commonscat=y}} {{Library resources box}} * {{Official website}} * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets WHO ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ] * [https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/international-geneva_covid-19--who-really-calls-the-shots-/46588960 "ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙: WHO ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱫᱚᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ", ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ, ᱒᱐᱒᱑] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] rircd0dgg7t58x08eg699ku9qw12iv3 191723 191722 2026-05-10T20:22:59Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 191723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ | native_name = {{Collapsible list|title = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ:|{{langx|arb|منظمة الصحة العالمية|rtl=yes}}|{{langx|zh|世界卫生组织}}|{{langx|fr|Organisation mondiale de la santé|italic=unset}}|{{langx|ru|Всемирная организация здравоохранения}}|{{langx|es|Organización Mundial de la Salud|italic=unset}}}} | logo = World Health Organization Logo.svg | logo_size = 250px | image = World Health Organization @ Pregny-Chambésy (50636746028).jpg | caption = [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱤᱱ ᱛᱥᱩᱢᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|title=Modernizing the WHO headquarters in Geneva|access-date=5 January 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115111613/https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | image_size = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | type = [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] | abbreviation = WHO | pronunciation = ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ-ᱮᱭᱪ-ᱳ (W-H-O) | leader_title = [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ|ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ]] | leader_name = [[ᱴᱮᱰᱨᱳᱥ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱᱳᱢ ᱜᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱮᱥᱚᱥ]] | leader_title2 = ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ | leader_name2 = [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱡᱮ. ᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ (ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ)|ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ]] | status = ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ | formation = {{start date and age|p=y|df=y|1948|4|7}} | headquarters = [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]], ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ | website = {{URL|https://who.int/}} | parent_organization = [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ]] | subsidiaries = | budget = $᱖.᱘᱓ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱔–᱒᱐᱒᱕) }} '''ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ''' ('''ᱰᱚᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ-ᱮᱪ-ᱳ''') ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019">{{Cite web|last=<!-- no byline provided -->|date=21 January 2025|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328103427/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=28 March 2025|access-date=2 April 2025|website=Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱳᱣᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO (World Health Organisation)|url=https://internews.org/covid-19/glossary/who/|access-date=2 March 2023|website=Information Saves Lives {{!}} Internews|language=en-US|archive-date=2 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302110349/https://internews.org/covid-19/glossary/who/|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution|access-date=18 November 2024|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱯᱤᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ; ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ WHO ᱫᱚ ᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ascher-1952">{{Cite journal|last=Ascher|first=Charles S.|date=1952|title=Current Problems in the World Health Organization's Program|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/current-problems-in-the-world-health-organizations-program/EBEA9C7AE079C2FB5121D1798BB847C5|journal=International Organization|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=27–50|doi=10.1017/S0020818300016179|issn=1531-5088|access-date=14 July 2024|archive-date=14 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714132908/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/current-problems-in-the-world-health-organizations-program/EBEA9C7AE079C2FB5121D1798BB847C5|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=World Health Organization/Europe|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱸᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019"/> ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ, ''ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ'', ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ, [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ|ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ]] ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱯ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ HIV/AIDS, ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ, ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱵᱤ; ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ; ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱱᱤᱣᱴᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ; ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=What we do|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|website=World Health Organization|language=en}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱮ. ᱫᱚ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱭᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱴᱮᱰᱨᱳᱥ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱᱳᱢ ᱜᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱮᱥᱚᱥ); ᱡᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ (ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == === ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ === ᱑᱙᱔᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱟᱨᱠᱳᱴ ᱨᱟᱢᱟᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱢᱩᱫᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ECOSOC ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱱᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱘᱕᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="SanCon">{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|chapter=Introduction|pages=9–11|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ, ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="SanCon"/> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ-ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱙᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱥᱩᱭᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱱᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱳᱞ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="SanCon7">{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|chapter=The seventh conference: Venice, 1892|pages=58–65|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|65}} == ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱯᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ == ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴᱮᱠᱴ ᱡᱤᱱ ᱛᱥᱩᱢᱤ ‍ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/structure/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|title=Modernizing the WHO Headquarters in Geneva|website=who.int|access-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412085027/https://www.who.int/about/structure/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|archive-date=12 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱳᱯᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/archive/design-contest-opens-for-world-health-organisation-headquarters|title=Design contest opens for World Health Organisation headquarters|work=Architects Journal|access-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213211145/https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/home/design-contest-opens-for-world-health-organisation-headquarters/8664906.article|archive-date=13 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> === ᱰᱟᱹᱵᱽᱞᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱳᱯᱤᱥ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱨᱤ === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Stairwell in World Health Organization headquarters, Geneva, 1969.jpg|ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ, ᱑᱙᱖᱙ File:Patio of World Health Organization headquarters building, 1969.jpg|ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱪᱷᱟᱴᱠᱟ, ᱑᱙᱖᱙ File:Reflecting pool and women walking at World Health Organization, Geneva, 1969.jpg|ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱞᱮᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱯᱩᱞ, ᱑᱙᱖᱙ File:Women sunning selves at Geneva headquarters of World Health Organization, 1969.jpg|ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ, ᱑᱙᱖᱙ File:WHO HQ main building, Geneva from Southwest.JPG|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ File:The entrance hall WHO HQ, Geneva.JPG|ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱞ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ File:World Health Organization Executive Board Room.JPG|ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ </gallery> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Sister project links|collapsible=yes|auto=1|commonscat=y}} {{Library resources box}} * {{Official website}} * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets WHO ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ] * [https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/international-geneva_covid-19--who-really-calls-the-shots-/46588960 "ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙: WHO ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱫᱚᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ", ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ, ᱒᱐᱒᱑] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] 4exyslcm1vosrn44otviovqyti3fh6b 0 35849 191731 191614 2026-05-11T01:58:32Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ | other_name = ᱢᱟᱞ | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline = Murti-malbazar.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.85|N|88.75|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ<br/>ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱛᱤ | governing_body = {{hlist|ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ|ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱛᱤ}} | leader_title = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ | leader_name = ᱩᱛᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤ | leader_title1 = ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱯᱟᱛᱤ | leader_name1 = ᱥᱩᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Malbazar Info|url=https://malmunicipality.org/placestovisite.php|website=malmunicipality.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 3.50 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = ᱒᱕,᱒᱑᱘<ref name="census2011.co.in">{{cite web | url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801639-mal.html | title=Mal Municipality City Population Census 2011-2022 &#124; West Bengal }}</ref> | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = ᱙᱘᱕᱑ | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=14 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=14 August 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&nbsp;ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱗᱓᱕᱒᱒᱑ | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ | blank1_info_sec1 = ᱙᱕᱐/᱙᱖᱘ [[ᱠᱚᱲᱟ|♂]]/[[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ|♀]]<ref name="census2011.co.in"/> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ (ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ.)]] | blank3_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank3_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱟᱞ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)]] | blank1_name_sec2 = ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚᱨ | blank1_info_sec2 = ᱘᱘.᱖᱘% | website = [http://www.malmunicipality.org/ www.malmunicipality.org] | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱟᱞ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]<ref>[http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/MAP2.htm Administrative setup of Jalpaiguri district] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208201633/http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/MAP2.htm |date=8 December 2008 }} from official website of [[Jalpaiguri District]]</ref> ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤ ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱮᱨᱡᱤ, ᱰᱨᱹ ᱚᱢᱚᱞᱮᱱᱫᱩ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱟᱥ (ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ), ᱫᱮᱵᱟᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱜᱳᱥ (ᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱵᱩ), ᱰᱨᱹ ᱛᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱚᱨᱡᱤ, ᱱᱨᱤᱯᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱚᱣᱫᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱰᱷᱟᱠᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=410| height=350| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|26|50|0|N|88|44|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱢᱟᱞ, ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ'''<br />CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, NP: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, TE: tea estate<br />Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden (town/village), TE for Tea Estate, JRS: junction railway station<br />Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1={{coord|26|53|1|N|88|47|53|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Chalsa| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Chalsa, India]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|52|30|N|88|44|10|E}}| label-pos2=top|label2=Malbazar| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= Malbazar (CT)|shape-color2=black| label-size2=13|label-color2=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colours --> |mark-coord3={{coord|26|52|6|N|88|48|16|E}}| label-pos3=bottom|label3= Mangalbari| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Mangalbari]] (CT) |mark-coord4={{coord|26|43|6|N|88|45|57|E}}| label-pos4=bottom|label4= Lataguri| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Lataguri]] (CT) |mark-coord5={{coord|26|56|49|N|88|48|44|E}}| label-pos5=right|label5= Matelli| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Matialihat]] (CT) |mark-coord6={{coord|26|52|20|N|88|37|17|E}}| label-pos6=left|label6= Odlabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Odlabari]] (CT) |mark-coord7={{coord|26|50|20|N|88|37|1|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7= Dakshin Odlabari| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Dakshin Odlabari]] (CT) |mark-coord8={{coord|26|53|57|N|88|35|4|E}}| label-pos8=left|label8=Bagrakote| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Bagrakote]] (R)|shape-color8= #A42222 |mark-coord9={{coord|26|50|20|N|88|47|43|E}}| label-pos9=bottom|label9=Batabari TG| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Batabari Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color9= #A42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|26|52|10|N|88|40|1|E}}| label-pos10=top|label10=Dam Dim| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Dam Dim]] (R)|shape-color10= #A42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|45|5|N|88|35|8|E}}| label-pos11=left|label11=Gajoldoba| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Gajoldoba]] (R)|shape-color11= #A42222 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|54|33|N|88|43|39|E}}| label-pos12=left|label12=Gurjangjhora TG| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Gurjangjhora Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color12= #A42222 |mark-coord13={{coord|26|50|15|N|88|49|31|E}}| label-pos13=right|label13=Murti| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Murti, Jalpaiguri]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|26|53|12|N|88|54|55|E}}| label-pos14=right|label14=Nagrakata| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Nagrakata]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222 |mark-coord15={{coord|26|59|24|N|88|48|42|E}}| label-pos15=left|label15=Samsing| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Samsing]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222 |mark-coord16={{coord|26|51|52|N|88|54|23|E}}| label-pos16=right|label16=Sulkapara| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Sulkapara]] (R)|shape-color16= #A42222 |mark-coord17={{coord|26|56|30|N|88|46|14|E}}| label-pos17=left|label17=Zurantee TG| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Zurantee Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color17= #A42222 |mark-coord18={{coord|26|55|13|N|88|41|3|E}}| label-pos18= left |label18= Meenglas TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[Meenglas and Leesh River Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B |mark-coord19={{coord|26|51|34|N|88|35|21|E}}| label-pos19= left |label19= Leesh River TE | numbered19=TE| mark-title19= [[Meenglas and Leesh River Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color19=#87A96B |mark-coord20={{coord|26|58|0|N|88|55|10|E}}| label-pos20= bottom |label20= Hope TE | numbered20=TE| mark-title20= [[Hope and Jiti Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color20=#87A96B |mark-coord21={{coord|26|58|54|N|88|55|39|E}}| label-pos21= right |label21= Jiti TE | numbered21=TE| mark-title21= [[Hope and Jiti Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color21=#87A96B |mark-coord22={{coord|26|57|47|N|88|46|59|E}}| label-pos22= left |label22= Chalouni TE | numbered22=TE| mark-title22= [[Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color22=#87A96B |mark-coord23={{coord|26|55|0|N|88|47|10|E}}| label-pos23= right |label23= Aibheeli TE | numbered23=TE| mark-title23= [[Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color23=#87A96B |mark-coord24={{coord|26|56|3|N|88|50|15|E}}| label-pos24= right |label24= Chalsa TE | numbered24=TE| mark-title24= [[Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color24=#87A96B |mark-coord25={{coord|26|46|20|N|88|48|0|E}}| label-pos25=bottom|label25=Gorumara |labela25= National| labelb25= Park| numbered25=NP| mark-title25= [[Gorumara National Park]] (NP)| shape-color25=#228B22 |mark-coord26={{coord|26|54|20|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos26=bottom|label26=Chapramari |labela26= Wildlife| labelb26= Sanctuary| numbered26=NP| mark-title26= [[Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary]] (NP)| shape-color26=#228B22 |mark-coord27={{coord|26|39|40|N|88|38|40|E}}|label27= Teesta River| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=60| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27=none |mark-coord28={{coord|26|49|0|N|88|57|0|E}}|label28= Gatia River| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=-45| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28=none |mark-coord29={{coord|26|41|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label29= Jaldhaka River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=80| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29=none |arc-coordA={{coord|27|1|0|N|88|55|0|E}}|arc-textA= BHUTAN| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=20| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱢᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ {{coord|26.85|N|88.75|E|}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://maps.yahoo.com/#mvt=m&lat=26.85017&lon=88.74724&zoom=14&q1=mal%252C%2520west%2520bengal%252C%2520india |title = Yahoo maps of Mal |publisher = Yahoo maps |access-date = 29 November 2008 |archive-date = 13 March 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090313184016/http://maps.yahoo.com/#mvt=m&lat=26.85017&lon=88.74724&zoom=14&q1=mal%252C%2520west%2520bengal%252C%2520india |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ ᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ – ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ, ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱣᱤᱞᱰᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ, ᱡᱷᱟᱞᱚᱝ, ᱵᱤᱱᱫᱩ, ᱥᱟᱢᱥᱤᱝ, ᱥᱩᱱᱛᱟᱞᱮᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱞᱚᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱚᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨ ᱥᱠᱳᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ [[ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱟᱯᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = https://northbengaltourism.com/malbazar/ |title = Malbazar |publisher= North Bengal Tourism | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.north-bengal.com/dooars.html |title = Dooars Tour |publisher= North Bengal Tourism | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱘.᱖᱒% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑.᱓᱒% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 13 July 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ CT (ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ R (ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱴᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ TE ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ <small>ᱱᱳᱴ: ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾</small> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱕,᱒᱑᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒,᱘᱑᱔ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱒,᱔᱐᱔ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑᱖᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐,᱓᱕᱔ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱘᱔.᱖᱑%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓,᱒᱑᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒,᱑᱑᱑ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑,᱑᱐᱑ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓.᱘᱑%, [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑.᱕᱒% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱚᱛᱷ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗.᱘᱔% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_2.htm |title=Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Jalpaiguri District |access-date=23 August 2007 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040713/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_2.htm |archive-date=19 July 2011 }}</ref> ===ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ=== {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = ᱢᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)<ref name=Census_Language/> |label1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] |value1 = 64.07 |color1 = red |label2 = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] |value2 = 16.43 |color2 = orange |label3 = [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] |value3 = 5.65 |color3 = green |label4 = [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ]] |value4 = 5.53 |color4 = pink |label5 = [[ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ]] |value5 = 3.68 |color5 = black |label6 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ |value6 = 4.61 |color6 = white }} [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]], [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Census_Language>{{cite web |title=C-16 City: Population by mother tongue (town level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10245/download/13357/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=29 June 2024}}</ref> ==ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ== ᱢᱟᱞ ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱣᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wbdma.gov.in/htm/DIS%5CMUNI_ULB_Mal.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312094524/http://www.wbdma.gov.in/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mal.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 March 2016 |title=Mal municipality |publisher=Official website of the Department of Municipal Affairs, West Bengal |access-date=29 November 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=জল্পনা কল্পনার অবসান ঘটিয়ে, মাল পুরসভার নাম ঘোষণা |url=https://khabarindiaonline.in/2022/03/16/announcing-the-name-of-mal-municipality-putting-an-end-to-speculation/ |access-date=31 March 2022 |work=Khabar India Online |date=16 March 2022}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ== ===ᱨᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ=== [[File:Board Showing New Mal Junction railway station.jpg|thumb|[[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]]]] [[File:Malbazar Railway Station Board.jpg|thumb|[[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ]]]] ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ MLBZ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ]] (ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ NMZ) ᱾ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (MLBZ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱢ.ᱭᱩ. ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ, ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱩᱠᱛᱚᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱨᱚᱰᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱪᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱚᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷᱟ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ-ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]-[[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱚᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ=== ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱭᱜᱟᱶ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱭᱜᱟᱶ, ᱦᱟᱥᱤᱢᱟᱨᱟ, ᱵᱤᱨᱯᱟᱨᱟ, ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, [[ᱜᱟᱝᱴᱚᱠ]], [[ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱢᱯᱳᱝ]], ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱳ, ᱥᱤᱝᱴᱟᱢ, ᱡᱚᱨᱮᱛᱷᱚᱝ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱭᱳᱝ, ᱱᱟᱢᱪᱤ, ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱝ, [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ]], ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱴᱟᱱᱠᱤ, [[ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ]], ᱢᱮᱭᱱᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱠᱟᱴᱟ, [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]], ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱯᱤ/ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ, ᱥᱤᱞᱚᱝ, ᱡᱚᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ, ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱞᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱵᱷᱟ, ᱟᱞᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱯᱮᱰᱚᱝ, ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱢᱯᱚᱝ, ᱨᱮᱱᱚᱠ, ᱢᱟᱱᱥᱚᱝ, ᱟᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱑᱒ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱗᱑᱗ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/may/28/doklam-effect-sikkim-to-get-new-all-weather-highway-1820559.html| title = Doklam effect: Sikkim to get new all-weather highway |date=28 May 2018 |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=19 February 2022}} </ref> ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱢᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱥ, ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱯᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱦᱟᱥᱤᱢᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱡᱚᱭᱜᱟᱶ]], [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], [[ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ]], [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ=== ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] ᱗᱔ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱟᱨᱟ, ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱜᱳ, ᱜᱳ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱥᱴ, ᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱮᱭᱤ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱠᱚᱱᱮᱠᱴ, ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱩᱠ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ (ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱜᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ [[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]], [[ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱜᱚᱰᱟ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[ᱥᱟᱨᱫᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱽᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱨᱟᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱜᱟᱹᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]], [[ᱤᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱹᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], [[ᱯᱟᱨᱳ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱯᱟᱨᱳ]] (ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ), [[ᱞᱚᱠᱯᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱚᱯᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱵᱚᱨᱰᱚᱞᱚᱭ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ]], [[ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱡᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱟᱥ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱵᱳᱥ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]], [[ᱰᱤᱵᱽᱨᱩᱜᱚᱲ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱰᱤᱵᱽᱨᱩᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱚᱠ (ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== * ᱥᱤᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ (CBSE, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ)(ᱮᱪ.ᱮᱥ.) * [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱚᱱ]] (WBCHSE, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ)(ᱮᱪ.ᱮᱥ.) * [https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19021600404 ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱟᱥᱤᱱᱤ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ] (WBCHSE, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ) (ᱮᱪ.ᱮᱥ.) * [[ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱢᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱛᱨᱟ ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} {{ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] qoon67olr32cooqgwn5af13affasi9u 0 35850 191710 191682 2026-05-10T12:52:10Z MT731 2184 191710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = Dhupguri City.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3 | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26|35|20|N|89|00|25|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Dhupguri City|url=http://www.dhupgurimunicipality.org.in/}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 14.9 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 80 | population_total = 44719 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]], | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = ᱯᱤᱱ/ᱡᱤᱯ ᱠᱳᱰ | postal_code = ᱗᱓᱕᱒᱑᱐ | area_code_type = ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ/ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = ᱐᱓᱕᱖᱓ | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ (ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ.)]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ (ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ.)]], [[ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨᱤᱦᱟᱴ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨᱤᱦᱟᱴ (ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.)]], [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ (ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.)]] | website = {{URL|https://www.dhupgurimunicipality.org.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=400| height=300| zoom=9 | coord={{coord|26|37|0|N|88|47|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ'''<br/>CT: ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, R: ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, C: ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ, NP: ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ/ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ, TE: ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ<br/>ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ – TG ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ (ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ / ᱟᱹᱛᱩ), TE ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ, JRS: ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ<br/>ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ |mark-coord1={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|27|41|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Dabgram| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|39|7|N|88|30|56|E}}| label-pos2=bottom|label2=Chakiabhita| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[ᱪᱟᱠᱤᱵᱷᱤᱛᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|39|35|N|88|28|7|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3=Binnaguri 2| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (CT) |mark-coord4={{coord|26|31|52|N|88|42|8|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4=Kharia| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord5={{coord|26|34|0|N|88|49|12|E}}| label-pos5=top|label5=Mainaguri| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord6={{coord|26|32|50|N|88|50|17|E}}| label-pos6=right|label6=Dakshin Khagrabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord7={{coord|26|40|48|N|89|1|48|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7=Gairkata| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[ᱜᱟᱭᱨᱠᱟᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord8={{coord|26|46|40|N|89|2|26|E}}| label-pos8=right|label8=Banarhat| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱦᱟᱴ]] (CT) |mark-coord9={{coord|26|43|30|N|89|3|6|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9=Telipara TG| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (CT) |mark-coord10={{coord|26|30|10|N|88|43|48|E}}| label-pos10=right |label10=Jalpaiguri| numbered10=M| mark-title10= [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (M)| shape-color10=#800000 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|36|10|N|89|0|25|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11=Dhupguri| numbered11=M| mark-title11= ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ (M) | shape-color11=#800000 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|45|20|N|89|3|20|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Binnaguri 1| numbered12=C| mark-title12=[[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (C)|shape-color12=#AA6666 |mark-coord13={{coord|26|38|19|N|88|24|59|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13=Phulbari|labela13=checkpoint| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|26|34|50|N|88|31|43|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14=Rajganj| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222 |mark-coord15={{coord|26|35|24|N|88|35|20|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15=Belakoba| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱠᱳᱵᱟ]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222 |mark-coord16={{coord|26|33|31|N|88|41|57|E}}| label-pos16= left |label16= Danguajhar TE | numbered16=TE| mark-title16= [[Danguajhar Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color16=#87A96B |mark-coord17={{coord|26|48|17|N|89|0|13|E}}| label-pos17= right |label17= Gandrapara TE | numbered17=TE| mark-title17= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color17=#87A96B |mark-coord18={{coord|26|49|45|N|89|0|53|E}}| label-pos18= top |label18= Lakhipara TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B |mark-coord19={{coord|26|41|20|N|88|25|50|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=New Jalpaiguri JRS| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (F)| shape-color19= #A40000 |mark-coord20={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|48|10|E}}| label-pos20=bottom|label20=Gorumara |labela20= National| labelb20= Park| numbered20=NP| mark-title20= [[ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (NP)| shape-color20=#228B22 |mark-coord21={{coord|26|52|40|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos21=bottom|label21=Chapramari |labela21= Wildlife| labelb21= Sanctuary| numbered21=NP| mark-title21= [[ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱨ]] (NP)| shape-color21=#228B22 |mark-coord22={{coord|26|43|43|N|88|35|40|E}}|label22= Teesta| label-color22 = #77A1CB| label-angle22=60| label-pos22=top| label-size22=10| mark-size22=0| mark-title22=none |mark-coord23={{coord|26|38|0|N|88|39|40|E}}|label23= River| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=50| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23=none |mark-coord24={{coord|26|39|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label24= ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ | labela24=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=80| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|30|0|N|88|25|0|E}}|arc-textA= ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=28| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4 |arc-coordB={{coord|26|56|30|N|89|6|30|E}}|arc-textB= ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=20| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4}} ===ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ=== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱖᱒ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱭᱱᱟ, ᱜᱤᱞᱟᱱᱰᱤ, ᱫᱩᱰᱩᱭᱟ, ᱠᱩᱢᱞᱟᱭ, ᱡᱷᱩᱢᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱢᱱᱤ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱩᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |author=Debnath, S. |year=2010 |title=The Dooars in Historical Transition |publisher=Shiv Mandir: N. L. Publishers|url=http://14.139.206.50:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/885/1/THE%20DOOARS%20IN%20HISTORICAL%20TRANSITION.pdf}}</ref><ref>Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C. (2001). {{WWF ecoregion|name=Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands|id=im0701}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱒.᱐᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱗.᱙᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ CT (ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ R (ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ / ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ TE ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ <small>ᱱᱳᱴ: ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾</small> ==ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ== ===ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ=== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 July 2020}}</ref> ===ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ=== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=map>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, Fifth page, map of Jalpaiguri district| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 2 July 2020}}</ref> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ,<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=324437 {{dead link|date=January 2018}}</ref> ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱔,᱗᱑᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱒᱒,᱙᱕᱓ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ (᱕᱑%) ᱟᱨ ᱒᱑,᱗᱖᱖ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ (᱔᱙%) ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱗᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱗᱔.᱐᱔% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱘᱑.᱖᱑% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱔.᱒᱑% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱙.᱖᱔% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbdma.gov.in/pdf/b.pdf | title = Category, Year of Establishment, Area, SC, ST and total population in ULBs in West Bengal | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 2008-11-09 | archive-date = 4 December 2009 | archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5llpyJUdT?url=http://wbdma.gov.in/pdf/b.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ "ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ" ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱳᱝᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱛᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨ (Kamateshwars) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ (Koch Kingdom) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱚᱣᱟᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ===ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ=== {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref> |label1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ]] |value1 = 94.9 |color1 = blue |label2 = [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ]] |value2 = 3 |color2 = red |label3 = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] |value3 = 2.3 |color3 = yellow |label4 = [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ]] |value4 = 1.78 |color4 = grey |label5 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ |value5 = 1.05 |color5 = white }} ==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ== ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, ᱟᱹᱞᱩ, ᱡᱩᱴ, ᱪᱚᱭᱳᱴᱮ, ᱥᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]], [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱩᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱩᱫᱳᱜᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱑᱗ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱮᱭᱜᱳᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ-ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ]]-[[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ]] ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (DQG) ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱞ (ᱠᱚᱱᱪᱮᱱᱡᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ, ᱩᱛᱚᱨᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ, ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱭᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ) ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ (ᱠᱚ-ᱮᱰ) ᱥᱩᱠᱟᱱᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ, ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ, ᱮᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠᱥ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱚᱥᱚᱯᱷᱤ, ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ, ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ, ᱢᱟᱛᱷᱚᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱤᱠᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱯᱟᱨᱴᱢᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱮᱰᱩᱠᱥᱚᱱ, ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱡᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ, ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ BBA ᱟᱨ BCA ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ (ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱜᱟᱵᱽᱨᱤᱭᱩᱮᱴ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ: ==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱱᱚᱨᱥᱤᱝ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =1 July 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref> one nursing home. ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== *[http://www.dhupgurimunicipality.org.in/ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] {{ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}} {{Authority control}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] ivylj6nkc2i088hv4rlaep4vq33wfky 191737 191710 2026-05-11T05:50:27Z MT731 2184 191737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = Dhupguri City.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3 | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26|35|20|N|89|00|25|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Dhupguri City|url=http://www.dhupgurimunicipality.org.in/}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 14.9 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 80 | population_total = 44719 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]], | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = ᱯᱤᱱ/ᱡᱤᱯ ᱠᱳᱰ | postal_code = ᱗᱓᱕᱒᱑᱐ | area_code_type = ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ/ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = ᱐᱓᱕᱖᱓ | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ (ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ.)]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ (ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ.)]], [[ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨᱤᱦᱟᱴ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨᱤᱦᱟᱴ (ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.)]], [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ (ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.)]] | website = {{URL|https://www.dhupgurimunicipality.org.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=400| height=300| zoom=9 | coord={{coord|26|37|0|N|88|47|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ'''<br/>CT: ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, R: ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, C: ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ, NP: ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ/ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ, TE: ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ<br/>ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ – TG ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ (ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ / ᱟᱹᱛᱩ), TE ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ, JRS: ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ<br/>ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ |mark-coord1={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|27|41|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Dabgram| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|39|7|N|88|30|56|E}}| label-pos2=bottom|label2=Chakiabhita| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[ᱪᱟᱠᱤᱵᱷᱤᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|39|35|N|88|28|7|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3=Binnaguri 2| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (CT) |mark-coord4={{coord|26|31|52|N|88|42|8|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4=Kharia| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord5={{coord|26|34|0|N|88|49|12|E}}| label-pos5=top|label5=Mainaguri| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord6={{coord|26|32|50|N|88|50|17|E}}| label-pos6=right|label6=Dakshin Khagrabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord7={{coord|26|40|48|N|89|1|48|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7=Gairkata| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[ᱜᱟᱭᱨᱠᱟᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord8={{coord|26|46|40|N|89|2|26|E}}| label-pos8=right|label8=Banarhat| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱦᱟᱴ]] (CT) |mark-coord9={{coord|26|43|30|N|89|3|6|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9=Telipara TG| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (CT) |mark-coord10={{coord|26|30|10|N|88|43|48|E}}| label-pos10=right |label10=Jalpaiguri| numbered10=M| mark-title10= [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (M)| shape-color10=#800000 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|36|10|N|89|0|25|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11=Dhupguri| numbered11=M| mark-title11= ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ (M) | shape-color11=#800000 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|45|20|N|89|3|20|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Binnaguri 1| numbered12=C| mark-title12=[[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (C)|shape-color12=#AA6666 |mark-coord13={{coord|26|38|19|N|88|24|59|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13=Phulbari|labela13=checkpoint| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|26|34|50|N|88|31|43|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14=Rajganj| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222 |mark-coord15={{coord|26|35|24|N|88|35|20|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15=Belakoba| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱠᱳᱵᱟ]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222 |mark-coord16={{coord|26|33|31|N|88|41|57|E}}| label-pos16= left |label16= Danguajhar TE | numbered16=TE| mark-title16= [[Danguajhar Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color16=#87A96B |mark-coord17={{coord|26|48|17|N|89|0|13|E}}| label-pos17= right |label17= Gandrapara TE | numbered17=TE| mark-title17= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color17=#87A96B |mark-coord18={{coord|26|49|45|N|89|0|53|E}}| label-pos18= top |label18= Lakhipara TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B |mark-coord19={{coord|26|41|20|N|88|25|50|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=New Jalpaiguri JRS| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (F)| shape-color19= #A40000 |mark-coord20={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|48|10|E}}| label-pos20=bottom|label20=Gorumara |labela20= National| labelb20= Park| numbered20=NP| mark-title20= [[ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (NP)| shape-color20=#228B22 |mark-coord21={{coord|26|52|40|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos21=bottom|label21=Chapramari |labela21= Wildlife| labelb21= Sanctuary| numbered21=NP| mark-title21= [[ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱨ]] (NP)| shape-color21=#228B22 |mark-coord22={{coord|26|43|43|N|88|35|40|E}}|label22= Teesta| label-color22 = #77A1CB| label-angle22=60| label-pos22=top| label-size22=10| mark-size22=0| mark-title22=none |mark-coord23={{coord|26|38|0|N|88|39|40|E}}|label23= River| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=50| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23=none |mark-coord24={{coord|26|39|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label24= ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ | labela24=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=80| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|30|0|N|88|25|0|E}}|arc-textA= ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=28| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4 |arc-coordB={{coord|26|56|30|N|89|6|30|E}}|arc-textB= ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=20| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4}} ===ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ=== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱖᱒ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱭᱱᱟ, ᱜᱤᱞᱟᱱᱰᱤ, ᱫᱩᱰᱩᱭᱟ, ᱠᱩᱢᱞᱟᱭ, ᱡᱷᱩᱢᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱢᱱᱤ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱩᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |author=Debnath, S. |year=2010 |title=The Dooars in Historical Transition |publisher=Shiv Mandir: N. L. Publishers|url=http://14.139.206.50:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/885/1/THE%20DOOARS%20IN%20HISTORICAL%20TRANSITION.pdf}}</ref><ref>Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C. (2001). {{WWF ecoregion|name=Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands|id=im0701}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱒.᱐᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱗.᱙᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ CT (ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ R (ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ / ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ TE ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ <small>ᱱᱳᱴ: ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾</small> ==ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ== ===ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ=== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 July 2020}}</ref> ===ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ=== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=map>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, Fifth page, map of Jalpaiguri district| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 2 July 2020}}</ref> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ,<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=324437 {{dead link|date=January 2018}}</ref> ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱔,᱗᱑᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱒᱒,᱙᱕᱓ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ (᱕᱑%) ᱟᱨ ᱒᱑,᱗᱖᱖ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ (᱔᱙%) ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱗᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱗᱔.᱐᱔% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱘᱑.᱖᱑% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱔.᱒᱑% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱙.᱖᱔% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbdma.gov.in/pdf/b.pdf | title = Category, Year of Establishment, Area, SC, ST and total population in ULBs in West Bengal | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 2008-11-09 | archive-date = 4 December 2009 | archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5llpyJUdT?url=http://wbdma.gov.in/pdf/b.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ "ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ" ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱳᱝᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱛᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨ (Kamateshwars) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ (Koch Kingdom) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱚᱣᱟᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ===ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ=== {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref> |label1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ]] |value1 = 94.9 |color1 = blue |label2 = [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ]] |value2 = 3 |color2 = red |label3 = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] |value3 = 2.3 |color3 = yellow |label4 = [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ]] |value4 = 1.78 |color4 = grey |label5 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ |value5 = 1.05 |color5 = white }} ==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ== ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, ᱟᱹᱞᱩ, ᱡᱩᱴ, ᱪᱚᱭᱳᱴᱮ, ᱥᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]], [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱩᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱩᱫᱳᱜᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱑᱗ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱮᱭᱜᱳᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ-ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ]]-[[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ]] ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (DQG) ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱞ (ᱠᱚᱱᱪᱮᱱᱡᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ, ᱩᱛᱚᱨᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ, ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱭᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ) ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ (ᱠᱚ-ᱮᱰ) ᱥᱩᱠᱟᱱᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ, ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ, ᱮᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠᱥ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱚᱥᱚᱯᱷᱤ, ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ, ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ, ᱢᱟᱛᱷᱚᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱤᱠᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱯᱟᱨᱴᱢᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱮᱰᱩᱠᱥᱚᱱ, ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱡᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ, ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ BBA ᱟᱨ BCA ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ (ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱜᱟᱵᱽᱨᱤᱭᱩᱮᱴ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ: ==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱱᱚᱨᱥᱤᱝ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =1 July 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref> one nursing home. ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== *[http://www.dhupgurimunicipality.org.in/ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] {{ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}} {{Authority control}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] odbf40w9mp8j2wiowhx5pibharmhj7v 191741 191737 2026-05-11T10:52:53Z MT731 2184 191741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = Dhupguri City.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3 | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26|35|20|N|89|00|25|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Dhupguri City|url=http://www.dhupgurimunicipality.org.in/}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 14.9 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 80 | population_total = 44719 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]], | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = ᱯᱤᱱ/ᱡᱤᱯ ᱠᱳᱰ | postal_code = ᱗᱓᱕᱒᱑᱐ | area_code_type = ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ/ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = ᱐᱓᱕᱖᱓ | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ (ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ.)]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ (ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ.)]], [[ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨᱤᱦᱟᱴ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨᱤᱦᱟᱴ (ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.)]], [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ (ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.)]] | website = {{URL|https://www.dhupgurimunicipality.org.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=400| height=300| zoom=9 | coord={{coord|26|37|0|N|88|47|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ'''<br/>CT: ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, R: ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, C: ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ, NP: ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ/ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ, TE: ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ<br/>ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ – TG ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ (ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ / ᱟᱹᱛᱩ), TE ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ, JRS: ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ<br/>ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ |mark-coord1={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|27|41|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Dabgram| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|39|7|N|88|30|56|E}}| label-pos2=bottom|label2=Chakiabhita| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[ᱪᱟᱠᱤᱵᱷᱤᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|39|35|N|88|28|7|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3=Binnaguri 2| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (CT) |mark-coord4={{coord|26|31|52|N|88|42|8|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4=Kharia| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord5={{coord|26|34|0|N|88|49|12|E}}| label-pos5=top|label5=Mainaguri| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord6={{coord|26|32|50|N|88|50|17|E}}| label-pos6=right|label6=Dakshin Khagrabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord7={{coord|26|40|48|N|89|1|48|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7=Gairkata| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[ᱜᱟᱭᱨᱠᱟᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord8={{coord|26|46|40|N|89|2|26|E}}| label-pos8=right|label8=Banarhat| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱦᱟᱴ]] (CT) |mark-coord9={{coord|26|43|30|N|89|3|6|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9=Telipara TG| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (CT) |mark-coord10={{coord|26|30|10|N|88|43|48|E}}| label-pos10=right |label10=Jalpaiguri| numbered10=M| mark-title10= [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (M)| shape-color10=#800000 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|36|10|N|89|0|25|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11=Dhupguri| numbered11=M| mark-title11= ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ (M) | shape-color11=#800000 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|45|20|N|89|3|20|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Binnaguri 1| numbered12=C| mark-title12=[[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (C)|shape-color12=#AA6666 |mark-coord13={{coord|26|38|19|N|88|24|59|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13=Phulbari|labela13=checkpoint| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|26|34|50|N|88|31|43|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14=Rajganj| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222 |mark-coord15={{coord|26|35|24|N|88|35|20|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15=Belakoba| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱠᱳᱵᱟ]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222 |mark-coord16={{coord|26|33|31|N|88|41|57|E}}| label-pos16= left |label16= Danguajhar TE | numbered16=TE| mark-title16= [[Danguajhar Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color16=#87A96B |mark-coord17={{coord|26|48|17|N|89|0|13|E}}| label-pos17= right |label17= Gandrapara TE | numbered17=TE| mark-title17= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color17=#87A96B |mark-coord18={{coord|26|49|45|N|89|0|53|E}}| label-pos18= top |label18= Lakhipara TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B |mark-coord19={{coord|26|41|20|N|88|25|50|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=New Jalpaiguri JRS| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (F)| shape-color19= #A40000 |mark-coord20={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|48|10|E}}| label-pos20=bottom|label20=Gorumara |labela20= National| labelb20= Park| numbered20=NP| mark-title20= [[ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (NP)| shape-color20=#228B22 |mark-coord21={{coord|26|52|40|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos21=bottom|label21=Chapramari |labela21= Wildlife| labelb21= Sanctuary| numbered21=NP| mark-title21= [[ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱨ]] (NP)| shape-color21=#228B22 |mark-coord22={{coord|26|43|43|N|88|35|40|E}}|label22= Teesta| label-color22 = #77A1CB| label-angle22=60| label-pos22=top| label-size22=10| mark-size22=0| mark-title22=none |mark-coord23={{coord|26|38|0|N|88|39|40|E}}|label23= River| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=50| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23=none |mark-coord24={{coord|26|39|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label24= ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ | labela24=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=80| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|30|0|N|88|25|0|E}}|arc-textA= ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=28| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4 |arc-coordB={{coord|26|56|30|N|89|6|30|E}}|arc-textB= ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=20| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4}} ===ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ=== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱖᱒ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱭᱱᱟ, ᱜᱤᱞᱟᱱᱰᱤ, ᱫᱩᱰᱩᱭᱟ, ᱠᱩᱢᱞᱟᱭ, ᱡᱷᱩᱢᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱢᱱᱤ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱩᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |author=Debnath, S. |year=2010 |title=The Dooars in Historical Transition |publisher=Shiv Mandir: N. L. Publishers|url=http://14.139.206.50:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/885/1/THE%20DOOARS%20IN%20HISTORICAL%20TRANSITION.pdf}}</ref><ref>Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C. (2001). {{WWF ecoregion|name=Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands|id=im0701}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱒.᱐᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱗.᱙᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ CT (ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ R (ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ / ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ TE ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ <small>ᱱᱳᱴ: ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾</small> ==ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ== ===ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ=== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 July 2020}}</ref> ===ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ=== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=map>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, Fifth page, map of Jalpaiguri district| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 2 July 2020}}</ref> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ,<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=324437 {{dead link|date=January 2018}}</ref> ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱔,᱗᱑᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱒᱒,᱙᱕᱓ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ (᱕᱑%) ᱟᱨ ᱒᱑,᱗᱖᱖ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ (᱔᱙%) ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱗᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱗᱔.᱐᱔% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱘᱑.᱖᱑% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱔.᱒᱑% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱙.᱖᱔% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbdma.gov.in/pdf/b.pdf | title = Category, Year of Establishment, Area, SC, ST and total population in ULBs in West Bengal | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 2008-11-09 | archive-date = 4 December 2009 | archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5llpyJUdT?url=http://wbdma.gov.in/pdf/b.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ "ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ" ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱳᱝᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱛᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨ (Kamateshwars) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ (Koch Kingdom) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱚᱣᱟᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ===ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ=== {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref> |label1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ]] |value1 = 94.9 |color1 = blue |label2 = [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ]] |value2 = 3 |color2 = red |label3 = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] |value3 = 2.3 |color3 = yellow |label4 = [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ]] |value4 = 1.78 |color4 = grey |label5 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ |value5 = 1.05 |color5 = white }} ==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ== ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, ᱟᱹᱞᱩ, ᱡᱩᱴ, ᱪᱚᱭᱳᱴᱮ, ᱥᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]], [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱩᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱩᱫᱳᱜᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱑᱗ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱮᱭᱜᱳᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ-ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ]]-[[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ]] ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (DQG) ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱞ (ᱠᱚᱱᱪᱮᱱᱡᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ, ᱩᱛᱚᱨᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ, ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱭᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ) ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ (ᱠᱚ-ᱮᱰ) ᱥᱩᱠᱟᱱᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ, ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ, ᱮᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠᱥ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱚᱥᱚᱯᱷᱤ, ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ, ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ, ᱢᱟᱛᱷᱚᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱤᱠᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱯᱟᱨᱴᱢᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱮᱰᱩᱠᱥᱚᱱ, ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱡᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ, ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ BBA ᱟᱨ BCA ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ (ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱜᱟᱵᱽᱨᱤᱭᱩᱮᱴ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ: ==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱱᱚᱨᱥᱤᱝ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =1 July 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref> one nursing home. ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== *[http://www.dhupgurimunicipality.org.in/ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] {{ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}} {{Authority control}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] cprumx1zg340r23zwpxxa0gs9hanbqn 0 35852 191721 191630 2026-05-10T20:22:03Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 added [[Category:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 191721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ | synonyms = ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Ziebert M | chapter = Jaundice | veditors = Torre DM, Lamb GC, van Ruiswyk J, Schapira RM |title=Kochar's Clinical Medicine for Students |date=2009 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=978-0-7817-6699-9 |page=101 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S0Jz_3WEPYMC&pg=PA101 |language=en}}</ref> | image = Jaundice08.jpg | caption = ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ | field = ᱜᱟᱥᱴᱨᱳᱮᱱᱴᱮᱨᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱦᱮᱯᱟᱴᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨᱤ | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|ɔː|n|d|ᱤ|ᱥ}} {{respell|JAWN|diss}} | symptoms = ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱫ]] ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ, ᱵᱟᱵᱟ<ref name=Bas2015/><ref name=NIH2016/> | complications = | onset = | duration = | causes = [[ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ|ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ]]<ref name=NIH2016/> | risks = [[ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ]], [[ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ]], [[ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]], ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ | diagnosis = ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ, [[ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱱᱮᱞ]]<ref name=NIH2016/> | differential = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱢᱯᱤᱱ]] ᱡᱚᱢ<ref name=Rog2004/> | prevention = | treatment = ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ<ref name=Fer2014/> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} '''ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="NIH2016">{{cite web |title=Jaundice |date=25 June 2025 |url=https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine|access-date=24 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="But2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Buttaro TM, Trybulski JA, Polgar-Bailey P, Sandberg-Cook J |title=Primary Care: A Collaborative Practice|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-07585-5|page=690|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱢ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱵᱳᱞᱤᱡᱚᱢ, ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Al-Tubaikh JA |date=2017 |title= Internal Medicine|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-39747-4|isbn=978-3-319-39746-7}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱘᱐% ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Kap2017">{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00097-4 |chapter=Hereditary Contribution to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia |title=Fetal and Neonatal Physiology |date=2017 |last1=Kaplan |first1=Michael |last2=Hammerman |first2=Cathy |pages=933–942.e3 |isbn=978-0-323-35214-7 }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ,<ref name="Bas2015">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bassari R, Koea JB|date=February 2015|title=Jaundice associated {{sic|hide=y|pruritis}}: a review of pathophysiology and treatment|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=21|issue=5|pages=1404–1413|doi=10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1404|pmc=4316083|pmid=25663760 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱯᱟᱸᱰᱩ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱤᱡ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱲᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ᱾<ref name="Rog2004" /> ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱐ mg/dl (᱑᱗ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱒-᱓ mg/dl (᱓᱔-᱕᱑ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004>{{cite book | vauthors = Roger J |title=Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-856782-0|page=758|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref name=CMAJ2015/> ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱟᱱᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ᱾<ref name=Win2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Winger J, Michelfelder A | title = Diagnostic approach to the patient with jaundice | journal = Primary Care | volume = 38 | issue = 3 | pages = viii, 469–482 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21872092 | doi = 10.1016/j.pop.2011.05.004 }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Win2011/> ᱟᱱᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫᱚᱜ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱪᱟᱣ, ᱜᱤᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱱᱰᱨᱳᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱨᱳᱭᱮᱰ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004/><ref name=Win2011/> ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱳᱥᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱯᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ, ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱥᱮᱫᱚᱜ<ref name=Rog2004/> ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱞᱥᱴᱳᱱ, ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004/> ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ — ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱢᱯᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ᱾<ref name="Rog2004" /> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014/> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ; ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014/> ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014>{{cite book | vauthors = Ferri FF |title= Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015: 5 Books in 1 |date= 2014 |publisher= Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn= 978-0-323-08430-7 |page= 672 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |language= en |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref> ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱴᱳᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟᱯᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱔-᱒᱑ mg/dl (᱖᱘-᱓᱖᱕ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=CMAJ2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maisels MJ | title = Managing the jaundiced newborn: a persistent challenge | journal = CMAJ | volume = 187 | issue = 5 | pages = 335–343 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25384650 | pmc = 4361106 | doi = 10.1503/cmaj.122117 }}</ref> ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱞᱵᱞᱮᱰᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ, ᱟᱨᱥᱳᱰᱤᱭᱳᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱮᱥᱤᱰ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱞᱴᱨᱮᱠᱥᱳᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱯᱤᱭᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱜᱳᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Bas2015/> 'ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''[[wikt:jaune#French|jaunisse]]'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ'᱾<ref>{{cite book |title= Dr. Chase's Family Physician, Farrier, Bee-keeper, and Second Receipt Book: Being an Entirely New and Complete Treatise ... |date= 1873 |publisher= Chase Publishing Company |page= 542 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542 |language= en |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-1-4377-0774-8.10017-x |chapter=Jaundice |title=Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease |date=2011 |last1=Sullivan |first1=Kara M. |last2=Gourley |first2=Glenn R. |pages=176–186.e3 |isbn=978-1-4377-0774-8 }}</ref> == ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ == [[File:Jaundice.jpg|thumb|[[ᱡᱤ᱖ᱯᱤᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ|G6PD ᱠᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ]] ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ (ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gondal B, Aronsohn A | title = A Systematic Approach to Patients with Jaundice | journal = Seminars in Interventional Radiology | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 253–258 | date = December 2016 | pmid = 27904243 | pmc = 5088098 | doi = 10.1055/s-0036-1592331 }}</ref> ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓ mg/dl ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱲᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ (ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱸᱰᱩ (ᱮᱠᱳᱞᱤᱭᱟ) ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱤᱡ (ᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Goroll AH |title= Primary care medicine: office evaluation and management of the adult patient |date= 2009 |publisher= Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location= Philadelphia |isbn= 978-0-7817-7513-7 |page= 496 |edition= 6th |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bIZvJPcSEXMC&pg=PA496 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=bIZvJPcSEXMC&pg=PA496 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref> ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = James WD |title=Andrews' diseases of the skin: clinical dermatology|date=2006|publisher=Saunders Elsevier|others=Berger, Timothy G.; Elston, Dirk M.; Odom, Richard B.|isbn=0-7216-2921-0|edition=10th|location=Philadelphia|oclc=62736861}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bassari R, Koea JB | title = Jaundice associated pruritis: a review of pathophysiology and treatment | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 1404–1413 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25663760 | pmc = 4316083 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1404 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱟᱥᱴᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱚᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, "ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ" ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ᱾<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = McGee SR |title=Evidence-Based Physical Diagnosis |date=2018 |publisher=Elsevier |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-323-39276-1 |pages=59–68 |edition=4th |chapter=Jaundice}}</ref> ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ, ᱛᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱟ, ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱢᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |author1=Malone Mukwende |title=Mind the Gap: A handbook of clinical signs in Black and Brown skin |url=https://sgul.figshare.com/articles/online_resource/Mind_the_Gap_A_handbook_of_clinical_signs_in_Black_and_Brown_skin/12769988 |website=St George's University of London |date=2020 |doi=10.24376/rd.sgul.12769988.v1 |access-date=2025-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Ferdinand |first=Joshua |title=Recognising Clinical Signs and Symptoms on Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) Skin Types |journal=Atomic Academia |date=2024 |doi=10.62594/LTHW5053}}</ref> ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ᱾ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Neville BW |title=Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology |publisher=Elsevier |year=2012 |isbn=978-981-4371-07-0 |edition=3rd |location=Singapore |page=798 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟᱢᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ (ᱰᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱳᱯᱞᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ)᱾<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Amin SB, Karp JM, Benzley LP | title = Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and early childhood caries in a diverse group of neonates | journal = American Journal of Perinatology | volume = 27 | issue = 5 | pages = 393–397 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20013583 | pmc = 3264945 | doi = 10.1055/s-0029-1243314 }}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] 54tvtpreh12k4gainuuo1lh196a6lpf 0 35855 191734 191679 2026-05-11T04:06:52Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | settlement_type = ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | nickname = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | 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area_code_type = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ/ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = ᱐᱓᱕᱖᱑ | registration_plate = WB | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ]] | website = {{URL|jalpauguri.gov.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=400| height=300| zoom=9 | coord={{coord|26|37|0|N|88|47|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ'''<br/>CT: ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, R: ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, C: ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ, NP: ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ/ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ, TE: ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ<br/>ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ – TG ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ (ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ / ᱟᱹᱛᱩ), TE ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ, JRS: ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ<br/>ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ |mark-coord1={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|27|41|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Dabgram| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|39|7|N|88|30|56|E}}| label-pos2=bottom|label2=Chakiabhita| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[ᱪᱟᱠᱤᱵᱷᱤᱛᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|39|35|N|88|28|7|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3=Binnaguri 2| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (CT) |mark-coord4={{coord|26|31|52|N|88|42|8|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4=Kharia| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord5={{coord|26|34|0|N|88|49|12|E}}| label-pos5=top|label5=Mainaguri| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord6={{coord|26|32|50|N|88|50|17|E}}| label-pos6=right|label6=Dakshin Khagrabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱜᱽᱨᱚᱵᱟᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord7={{coord|26|40|48|N|89|1|48|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7=Gairkata| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[ᱜᱟᱭᱨᱠᱟᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord8={{coord|26|46|40|N|89|2|26|E}}| label-pos8=right|label8=Banarhat| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱦᱟᱴ]] (CT) |mark-coord9={{coord|26|43|30|N|89|3|6|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9=Telipara TG| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (CT) |mark-coord10={{coord|26|30|10|N|88|43|48|E}}| label-pos10=right |label10=Jalpaiguri| numbered10=M| mark-title10= [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (M)| shape-color10=#800000 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|36|10|N|89|0|25|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11=Dhupguri| numbered11=M| mark-title11= [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (M) | shape-color11=#800000 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|45|20|N|89|3|20|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Binnaguri 1| numbered12=C| mark-title12=[[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (C)|shape-color12=#AA6666 |mark-coord13={{coord|26|38|19|N|88|24|59|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13=Phulbari|labela13=checkpoint| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|26|34|50|N|88|31|43|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14=Rajganj| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222 |mark-coord15={{coord|26|35|24|N|88|35|20|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15=Belakoba| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱠᱳᱵᱟ]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222 |mark-coord16={{coord|26|33|31|N|88|41|57|E}}| label-pos16= left |label16= Danguajhar TE | numbered16=TE| mark-title16= [[Danguajhar Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color16=#87A96B |mark-coord17={{coord|26|48|17|N|89|0|13|E}}| label-pos17= right |label17= Gandrapara TE | numbered17=TE| mark-title17= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color17=#87A96B |mark-coord18={{coord|26|49|45|N|89|0|53|E}}| label-pos18= top |label18= Lakhipara TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B |mark-coord19={{coord|26|41|20|N|88|25|50|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=New Jalpaiguri JRS| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (F)| shape-color19= #A40000 |mark-coord20={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|48|10|E}}| label-pos20=bottom|label20=Gorumara |labela20= National| labelb20= Park| numbered20=NP| mark-title20= [[ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (NP)| shape-color20=#228B22 |mark-coord21={{coord|26|52|40|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos21=bottom|label21=Chapramari |labela21= Wildlife| labelb21= Sanctuary| numbered21=NP| mark-title21= [[ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱨ]] (NP)| shape-color21=#228B22 |mark-coord22={{coord|26|43|43|N|88|35|40|E}}|label22= Teesta| label-color22 = #77A1CB| label-angle22=60| label-pos22=top| label-size22=10| mark-size22=0| mark-title22=none |mark-coord23={{coord|26|38|0|N|88|39|40|E}}|label23= River| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=50| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23=none |mark-coord24={{coord|26|39|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label24= ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ | labela24=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=80| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|30|0|N|88|25|0|E}}|arc-textA= ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=28| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4 |arc-coordB={{coord|26|56|30|N|89|6|30|E}}|arc-textB= ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=20| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ {{coord|26.712111|N|88.461611|E|display=inline}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱱᱰᱵᱩᱠ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ'' ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ, [[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ|ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱪᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱵᱷᱤᱛᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱞᱚᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Jalpaiguri, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 115: Map of Rajganj CD block| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | accessdate = 2 July 2020}}</ref> ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱩᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |author=Debnath, S. |year=2010 |title=The Dooars in Historical Transition |publisher=Shiv Mandir: N. L. Publishers|url=http://14.139.206.50:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/885/1/THE%20DOOARS%20IN%20HISTORICAL%20TRANSITION.pdf}}</ref><ref>Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C. (2001). {{WWF ecoregion|name=Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands|id=im0701}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱒.᱐᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱗.᱙᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ CT (ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ R (ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ / ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ TE ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ <small>ᱱᱳᱴ: ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾</small> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ== ===ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ=== ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 26 June 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguripolice.in/search_ps.php | title = Search a Police Station | publisher = Jalpaiguri Police | accessdate = 26 June 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ (ᱯᱤ) ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑᱑,᱙᱐᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱖᱑,᱐᱗᱘ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱕᱗,᱙᱖᱒ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕,᱐᱙᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱖,᱐᱙᱒ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱗᱓.᱒᱐%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 2 July 2020 }}</ref> ==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ== ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱱᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ'', ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱔.᱐᱖ ᱵᱚᱨᱜᱚ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱕᱓ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ, ᱴᱮᱸᱠ, ᱯᱚᱱᱰ, ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔,᱐᱗᱕ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ, ᱖᱐ ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱷᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱯᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤ/ᱥᱚᱥᱛᱷᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱑ ᱵᱷᱮᱴᱚᱨᱤᱱᱚᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ, ᱒᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱥᱴᱚᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ, ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱯᱚᱨᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Jalpaiguri, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 451-453: Statement I: Status and Growth History, Pages 454-455: Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Pages 456-457: Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 458-459: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 460—463: Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 464: Statement VI: Industry and Banking | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |accessdate = 26 June 2020}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ== * [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱠᱛᱤᱜᱟᱲ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] f7wjce9xa1be37ulwzv2m7iy5rpn5gz 0 35857 191712 191687 2026-05-10T18:00:35Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ}} {{Use dmy dates|date=ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱖}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = ᱠᱷᱩᱫᱤᱨᱟᱢ ᱴᱩᱰᱩ | office = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ | image = Khudiram Tudu Photo.jpg | image_size = 220px | constituency = [[ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤᱵᱟᱸᱫᱷ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤᱵᱟᱸᱫᱷ (ᱮᱥ ᱴᱤ)]] | predecessor = [[ᱡᱳᱛᱥᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱤ]] | term_start = ᱒᱐᱒᱖ | party = [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] | birth_place = ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱰᱩᱵᱤ, [[ᱵᱟᱸᱠᱩᱲᱟ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | citizenship = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ | spouse = ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱛᱤ ᱴᱩᱰᱩ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ | children = ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱴᱩᱰᱩ | occupation = ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ | profession = ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ }} '''ᱠᱷᱩᱫᱤᱨᱟᱢ ᱴᱩᱰᱩ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤᱵᱟᱸᱫᱷ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤᱵᱟᱸᱫᱷ (ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.)]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kshudiram Tudu(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- RANIBANDH (ST)(BANKURA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=306 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-04 |title=Ranibandh (ST) election results 2026: BJP’s Kshudiram Tudu secures victory by sweeping margin, defeats TMC's Tanushree Hansda |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ranibandh-st-election-results-2026/articleshow/130718190.cms |access-date=2026-05-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kshudiram Tudu, RANIBANDH (ST) constituency, BJP, WestBengal Assembly Election 2026: Profile & Affidavit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/WestBengal2026/kshudiram-tudu-306/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱴᱩᱰᱩ, ᱠᱷᱩᱫᱤᱨᱟᱢ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱮᱢᱮᱞᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱖–᱒᱐᱓᱑]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ]] {{WestBengal-politician-stub}} gs13n97e8nm7lobajs2z60mczmfmd0q 0 35862 191708 191699 2026-05-10T12:04:48Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191708 wikitext text/x-wiki ==ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ (Service Sector)== ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ (Tertiary Sector) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ (Services) ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ GDP ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱐% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ== '''ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ''': ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ, ᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱢᱟ (Insurance) ᱾ '''ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''': ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱠᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ '''ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱴᱮᱞ (Tourism & Hospitality):''' ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱾ '''ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱳᱭᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ IT:''' ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ '''ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ (Transport):''' ᱨᱮᱞ, ᱵᱟᱥ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱾ ==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ== '''GDP ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ:''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱮ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ '''ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ:''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱱ (Skilled) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ '''ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ:''' ᱪᱟᱥ (Primary) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱞᱯᱚ (Secondary) ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== [https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tertiaryindustry.asp Investopedia] [https://www.britannica.com/money/service-industry Britannica] [https://www.ibef.org/industry/services IBEF] [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.SRV.TOTL.ZS World Bank] fx2rcn2s2llhwzz80pqt0z1yf78ndj2 191709 191708 2026-05-10T12:05:36Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191709 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ''' ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ (Tertiary Sector) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ (Services) ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ GDP ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱐% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ== '''ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ''': ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ, ᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱢᱟ (Insurance) ᱾ '''ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''': ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱠᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ '''ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱴᱮᱞ (Tourism & Hospitality):''' ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱾ '''ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱴᱳᱭᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ IT:''' ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ '''ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ (Transport):''' ᱨᱮᱞ, ᱵᱟᱥ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱾ ==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ== '''GDP ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ:''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱮ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ '''ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ:''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱱ (Skilled) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ '''ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ:''' ᱪᱟᱥ (Primary) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱞᱯᱚ (Secondary) ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== [https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tertiaryindustry.asp Investopedia] [https://www.britannica.com/money/service-industry Britannica] [https://www.ibef.org/industry/services IBEF] [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.SRV.TOTL.ZS World Bank] 8adxu5xb9c96c7p7kkvu8e8ee9yys05 0 35864 191706 191701 2026-05-10T12:00:31Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191706 wikitext text/x-wiki ==ᱥᱮᱨᱜᱮᱭ ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ== '''ᱥᱮᱨᱜᱮᱭ ᱢᱤᱠᱷᱟᱭᱞᱳᱵᱤᱪ ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱛᱤ (Theorist) ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ "ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱫᱽ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ Battleship Potemkin ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱳᱨᱚᱸᱡᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱯᱞᱚᱵᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ==ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== '''ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ''': ᱒᱒ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱘᱙᱘, ᱨᱤᱜᱟ (ᱞᱟᱴᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟ) '''ᱟᱯᱟᱛ''':ᱢᱤᱠᱷᱟᱭᱞ ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴᱮᱠᱴ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ '''ᱟᱭᱚ''': ᱡᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱱᱮᱴᱥᱠᱟᱭᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ '''ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ''': ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱵᱤᱯᱞᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ== ᱑᱙᱑᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱯᱞᱚᱵ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱰ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ * '''ᱵᱷᱮᱵᱷᱳᱞᱳᱫᱽ ᱢᱮᱭᱟᱨᱦᱳᱞᱰ (Vsevolod Meyerhold):''' ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱠᱟᱱᱤᱠᱥ" ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱞᱪᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ * '''Montage of Attractions:''' ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱥᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱪᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱟᱡ ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱛ: ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ== ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱟᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ: '''Metric:''' ᱥᱚᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱾ '''Rhythmicᱺ''' ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱞᱪᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ᱾ '''Tonal:''' ᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ/ᱧᱩᱛ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱾ '''Overtonal:'''ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱾ '''Intellectual:''' ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱳᱥᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱾ ==ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ== '''Battleship Potemkin (᱑᱙᱒᱕)''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱐᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ **"Odessa Steps''ᱥᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ (Baby carriage) ᱥᱤᱬᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ '''Strike (᱑᱙᱒᱕)''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱰᱷᱚᱫᱽ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ Typage ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ '''October (᱑᱙᱒᱘)''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ Intellectual Montage ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱱᱫᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ==ᱦᱚᱞᱤᱣᱩᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱨᱮᱡᱮᱰᱤ== ᱑᱙᱓᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ '''Paramount Pictures''' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱞᱤᱣᱩᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ (Communist) ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''¡Que Viva México!'''ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱴᱟᱞᱤᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱮᱡᱽ (Footage) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱩᱠᱷ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱴᱟᱞᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨᱥᱤᱯ== ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ '''Alexander Nevsky (᱑᱙᱓᱘):''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱴᱟᱞᱤᱱ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ '''Ivan the Terrible:''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ (Part 2) ᱨᱮ ᱤᱵᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱠᱩᱪᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱴᱟᱞᱤᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱ (Ban) ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ== ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ: '''Film Form:''' ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱾ '''The Film Sense:''' ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ (Sound) ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ (Visual) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱾ '''Notes of a Film Director:''' ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ==ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱨ== ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱳ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ '''ᱜᱩᱨ:''' ᱑᱑ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱾ '''ᱚᱡᱮ:''' ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱴᱟᱠ (Heart Attack) ᱾ '''ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ:''' ᱢᱚᱥᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Novodevichy Cemetery, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱮᱨᱜᱮᱭ ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ== ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ "ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ" (Science) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱢᱳᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱤᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱟᱡ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱢᱚᱰᱟᱨᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛ== https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sergei-Eisenstein https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001178/ https://gemini.google.com/ https://archive.org/details/filmformessaysin00eise https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Sergei_M_Eisenstein.html?id=jJYZvgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y czkynfcq1wikjp0nsa1c8wrjjmprfgs 191707 191706 2026-05-10T12:00:59Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191707 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᱥᱮᱨᱜᱮᱭ ᱢᱤᱠᱷᱟᱭᱞᱳᱵᱤᱪ ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱛᱤ (Theorist) ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ "ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱫᱽ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ Battleship Potemkin ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱳᱨᱚᱸᱡᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱯᱞᱚᱵᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ==ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== '''ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ''': ᱒᱒ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱘᱙᱘, ᱨᱤᱜᱟ (ᱞᱟᱴᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟ) '''ᱟᱯᱟᱛ''':ᱢᱤᱠᱷᱟᱭᱞ ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴᱮᱠᱴ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ '''ᱟᱭᱚ''': ᱡᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱱᱮᱴᱥᱠᱟᱭᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ '''ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ''': ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱵᱤᱯᱞᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ== ᱑᱙᱑᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱯᱞᱚᱵ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱰ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ * '''ᱵᱷᱮᱵᱷᱳᱞᱳᱫᱽ ᱢᱮᱭᱟᱨᱦᱳᱞᱰ (Vsevolod Meyerhold):''' ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱠᱟᱱᱤᱠᱥ" ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱞᱪᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ * '''Montage of Attractions:''' ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱥᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱪᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱟᱡ ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱛ: ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ== ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱟᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ: '''Metric:''' ᱥᱚᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱾ '''Rhythmicᱺ''' ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱞᱪᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ᱾ '''Tonal:''' ᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ/ᱧᱩᱛ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱾ '''Overtonal:'''ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱾ '''Intellectual:''' ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱳᱥᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱾ ==ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ== '''Battleship Potemkin (᱑᱙᱒᱕)''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱐᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ **"Odessa Steps''ᱥᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ (Baby carriage) ᱥᱤᱬᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ '''Strike (᱑᱙᱒᱕)''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱰᱷᱚᱫᱽ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ Typage ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ '''October (᱑᱙᱒᱘)''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ Intellectual Montage ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱱᱫᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ==ᱦᱚᱞᱤᱣᱩᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱨᱮᱡᱮᱰᱤ== ᱑᱙᱓᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ '''Paramount Pictures''' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱞᱤᱣᱩᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ (Communist) ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''¡Que Viva México!'''ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱴᱟᱞᱤᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱮᱡᱽ (Footage) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱩᱠᱷ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱴᱟᱞᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨᱥᱤᱯ== ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ '''Alexander Nevsky (᱑᱙᱓᱘):''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱴᱟᱞᱤᱱ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ '''Ivan the Terrible:''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ (Part 2) ᱨᱮ ᱤᱵᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱠᱩᱪᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱴᱟᱞᱤᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱ (Ban) ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ== ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ: '''Film Form:''' ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱾ '''The Film Sense:''' ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ (Sound) ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ (Visual) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱾ '''Notes of a Film Director:''' ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ==ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱨ== ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱳ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ '''ᱜᱩᱨ:''' ᱑᱑ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱾ '''ᱚᱡᱮ:''' ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱴᱟᱠ (Heart Attack) ᱾ '''ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ:''' ᱢᱚᱥᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Novodevichy Cemetery, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱮᱨᱜᱮᱭ ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ== ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ "ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ" (Science) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱢᱳᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱤᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱟᱡ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱢᱚᱰᱟᱨᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛ== https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sergei-Eisenstein https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001178/ https://gemini.google.com/ https://archive.org/details/filmformessaysin00eise https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Sergei_M_Eisenstein.html?id=jJYZvgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y juymfrwz1t4s7en4ulf6b6ji312u0kr 0 35867 191711 2026-05-10T13:40:37Z MT731 2184 "{{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ | other_name = | settlement_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Maynaguri@night by Tirtha.jpg | photo2a = New Maynaguri Railway Station (NMX).jpg | photo2b = Jalpesh Temple.jpg | photo3a..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ | other_name = | settlement_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Maynaguri@night by Tirtha.jpg | photo2a = New Maynaguri Railway Station (NMX).jpg | photo2b = Jalpesh Temple.jpg | photo3a = Radhika Library (Maynaguri).jpg | photo3b = Jatileswar Temple (Maynaguri).jpg | spacing = 1 | color_border = white | color = white | size = 300 | foot_montage = ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ: ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱧᱮᱧᱮᱞ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱡᱟᱴᱤᱞᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱵᱨᱮᱨᱤ, [[ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] }} | image_alt = | image_caption = | nickname = ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26|33|57|N|88|49|17|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟ]] | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ]] | leader_title1 = ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ | leader_name1 = ᱢᱟᱱᱳᱡᱽ ᱨᱳᱭ | leader_title2 = ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ | leader_name2 = ᱥᱳᱢᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱞ (ᱡᱷᱩᱞᱟᱱ) | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 12.38 | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 84 | population_total = 45,045 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = | population_demonym = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=14 August 2019|archive-date=14 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614062657/https://wb.gov.in/404-page.aspx?aspxerrorpath=%2Fportal%2Fweb%2Fguest%2F404-page.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=14 August 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱗᱓᱕᱒᱒᱔<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citypincode.in/WEST_BENGAL/JALPAIGURI/Maynaguri_PINCODE|title=Maynaguri Pin Code, Search Maynaguri JALPAIGURI PinCode|website=www.citypincode.in|access-date=10 February 2020|archive-date=27 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127224747/http://www.citypincode.in/WEST_BENGAL/JALPAIGURI/MAYNAGURI_PINCODE|url-status=live}}</ref> | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | website = [https://www.maynagurimunicipality.in/ www.maynagurimunicipality.in] | footnotes = | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] }} '''ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/new-civic-bodies-for-jalpaiguri-and-alipurduar-districts/cid/1821504|title=Two new civic bodies for Jalpaiguri and Alipurduar districts|access-date=7 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184633/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/new-civic-bodies-for-jalpaiguri-and-alipurduar-districts/cid/1821504|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱨᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ== ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱚᱵᱚᱰᱟᱝᱜᱟ-᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱮᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ-᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱᱤ-᱑ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/north-bengal/district-of-jalpaiguri-got-2-new-municipalities-in-falakata-and-mainaguri/cid/1291302|title=পুরসভার মর্যাদা পেল দু'জেলার দুই শহর|access-date=2 April 2023|archive-date=2 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402134404/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/north-bengal/district-of-jalpaiguri-got-2-new-municipalities-in-falakata-and-mainaguri/cid/1291302|url-status=live}}</ref> ===ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ=== ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 July 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = live }}</ref> ===ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ=== [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=map>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, Series 20, Part XIIA| work = Census of India 2011, Fifth page, map of Jalpaiguri district| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 2 July 2020| archive-date = 15 February 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200215051029/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf| url-status = live}}</ref> ==ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ== ===ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ=== ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱩᱡᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱢᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ===ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ=== ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱜᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱳᱭᱥᱚᱠᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱟ, ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟ ᱯᱩᱡᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱟ, ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱞᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐,᱔᱙᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕,᱔᱘᱗ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱕,᱐᱐᱓ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒,᱙᱕᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱔,᱔᱐᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱘᱘.᱖᱓% ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html | title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work = West Bengal – District-wise | publisher = Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 July 2020 | archive-date = 21 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161221211050/http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html | url-status = live }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱗,᱐᱘᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱑% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱙% ᱾ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱕% ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱕᱙.᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱐% ᱾ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱚᱵᱚᱰᱟᱝᱜᱟ-᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ-᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱳᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱᱤ-᱑ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱕,᱐᱔᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ===ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ=== {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref> |label1= [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] |value1= 96.2 |color1 = orange |label2= [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] |value2 = 3.1 |color2 = red |label3 = [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ]] |value3 = 0.4 |color3 = yellow |label4 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ |value4 = 0.3 |color4 = white }} ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=400| height=300| zoom=9 | coord={{coord|26|37|0|N|88|47|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ'''<br/>CT: ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, R: ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, C: ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ, NP: ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ/ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ, TE: ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ<br/>ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ – TG ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ (ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ / ᱟᱹᱛᱩ), TE ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ, JRS: ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ<br/>ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ |mark-coord1={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|27|41|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Dabgram| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|39|7|N|88|30|56|E}}| label-pos2=bottom|label2=Chakiabhita| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[ᱪᱟᱠᱤᱵᱷᱤᱛᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|39|35|N|88|28|7|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3=Binnaguri 2| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (CT) |mark-coord4={{coord|26|31|52|N|88|42|8|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4=Kharia| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord5={{coord|26|34|0|N|88|49|12|E}}| label-pos5=top|label5=Mainaguri| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ (CT) |mark-coord6={{coord|26|32|50|N|88|50|17|E}}| label-pos6=right|label6=Dakshin Khagrabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord7={{coord|26|40|48|N|89|1|48|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7=Gairkata| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[ᱜᱟᱭᱨᱠᱟᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord8={{coord|26|46|40|N|89|2|26|E}}| label-pos8=right|label8=Banarhat| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱦᱟᱴ]] (CT) |mark-coord9={{coord|26|43|30|N|89|3|6|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9=Telipara TG| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (CT) |mark-coord10={{coord|26|30|10|N|88|43|48|E}}| label-pos10=right |label10=Jalpaiguri| numbered10=M| mark-title10= [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (M)| shape-color10=#800000 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|36|10|N|89|0|25|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11=Dhupguri| numbered11=M| mark-title11= ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ (M) | shape-color11=#800000 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|45|20|N|89|3|20|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Binnaguri 1| numbered12=C| mark-title12=[[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (C)|shape-color12=#AA6666 |mark-coord13={{coord|26|38|19|N|88|24|59|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13=Phulbari|labela13=checkpoint| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|26|34|50|N|88|31|43|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14=Rajganj| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222 |mark-coord15={{coord|26|35|24|N|88|35|20|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15=Belakoba| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱠᱳᱵᱟ]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222 |mark-coord16={{coord|26|33|31|N|88|41|57|E}}| label-pos16= left |label16= Danguajhar TE | numbered16=TE| mark-title16= [[Danguajhar Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color16=#87A96B |mark-coord17={{coord|26|48|17|N|89|0|13|E}}| label-pos17= right |label17= Gandrapara TE | numbered17=TE| mark-title17= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color17=#87A96B |mark-coord18={{coord|26|49|45|N|89|0|53|E}}| label-pos18= top |label18= Lakhipara TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B |mark-coord19={{coord|26|41|20|N|88|25|50|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=New Jalpaiguri JRS| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (F)| shape-color19= #A40000 |mark-coord20={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|48|10|E}}| label-pos20=bottom|label20=Gorumara |labela20= National| labelb20= Park| numbered20=NP| mark-title20= [[ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (NP)| shape-color20=#228B22 |mark-coord21={{coord|26|52|40|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos21=bottom|label21=Chapramari |labela21= Wildlife| labelb21= Sanctuary| numbered21=NP| mark-title21= [[ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱨ]] (NP)| shape-color21=#228B22 |mark-coord22={{coord|26|43|43|N|88|35|40|E}}|label22= Teesta| label-color22 = #77A1CB| label-angle22=60| label-pos22=top| label-size22=10| mark-size22=0| mark-title22=none |mark-coord23={{coord|26|38|0|N|88|39|40|E}}|label23= River| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=50| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23=none |mark-coord24={{coord|26|39|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label24= ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ | labela24=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=80| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|30|0|N|88|25|0|E}}|arc-textA= ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=28| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4 |arc-coordB={{coord|26|56|30|N|89|6|30|E}}|arc-textB= ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=20| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4}} ===ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ=== ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱖ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|title=Gazette Notification|url=https://www.wburbanservices.gov.in/upload_file/circular/895-UDMA_Gazette_-_constitution_of_Maynaguri_Municipality.pdf|publisher=Department of Urban Development and Municipal Affairs|access-date=9 October 2024|date=6 July 2021}}</ref> ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱩᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |author=Debnath, S. |year=2010 |title=The Dooars in Historical Transition |publisher=Shiv Mandir: N. L. Publishers|url=http://14.139.206.50:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/885/1/THE%20DOOARS%20IN%20HISTORICAL%20TRANSITION.pdf}}</ref><ref>Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C. (2001). {{WWF ecoregion|name=Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands|id=im0701}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱒.᱐᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱗.᱙᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ CT (ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ R (ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ / ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ TE ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ <small>ᱱᱳᱴ: ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾</small> ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ {{Coord|26.57|N|88.82|E|}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Mainaguri.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Mainaguri, India|website=www.fallingrain.com|access-date=10 February 2020|archive-date=14 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814153907/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Mainaguri.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱘᱔ ᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ (᱒᱗᱕ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱤ.ᱢᱤ. ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱐ ᱠᱤ.ᱢᱤ. ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱞᱯᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ, [[ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱱᱠᱞᱮᱵᱽ ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱰᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ [[ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india9.com/i9show/-West-Bengal/Mainaguri-71007.htm|title=Mainaguri in Mainaguri India|website=www.india9.com|access-date=10 February 2020|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927042551/https://www.india9.com/i9show/-West-Bengal/Mainaguri-71007.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ # [[ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (ᱯᱟᱪᱮ) # [[ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ]], [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] (ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ) # [[ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱸᱫᱷᱟ]], [[ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱚᱵᱷᱚᱸᱜᱟ]] (ᱮᱛᱚᱢ) # [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ]], [[ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (ᱠᱚᱧᱮ) # ᱨᱟᱢᱥᱟᱹᱭ (ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ) ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citypincode.in/WEST_BENGAL/JALPAIGURI/Maynaguri_PINCODE |title=Mainaguri Pincode |publisher=citypincode.in |access-date=19 May 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924132405/http://www.citypincode.in/WEST_BENGAL/JALPAIGURI/Maynaguri_PINCODE |url-status=live }}</ref> ==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ== ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱨᱟᱢᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =2 July 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref> ==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ== [[File:Himalayan Peaks from Maynaguri.jpg|thumb|ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱞ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱑᱒.᱓᱘ ᱠᱤ.ᱢᱤ.᱒ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ, ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱩᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱓,᱔᱕᱘ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ, ᱕᱑᱘ ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱷᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱠᱤᱥᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ, ᱓ ᱰᱤᱥᱯᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤ/ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱓᱐ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱕ ᱢᱤᱰᱮᱞ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱕ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱕ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱨ, ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱚᱨ, ᱒᱔ ᱱᱚᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱚᱨ (ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ), ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱟᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ, ᱨᱚᱢᱚᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱤᱪᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ, ᱑ ᱚᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱢ/ ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴᱤ ᱦᱚᱞ, ᱑ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱞᱟᱭᱵᱨᱮᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱱᱤᱪᱟᱨ, ᱡᱩᱴ ᱥᱩᱛᱩᱨ, ᱪᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ, ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Jalpaiguri, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Section II Town Directory, Pages 451-453: Statement I: Status and Growth History, Pages 454-455: Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Pages 456-457: Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 458-459: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 460—463: Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 464: Statement VI: Industry and Banking | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal | access-date = 26 June 2020 | archive-date = 15 February 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200215051029/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref> * ᱨᱟᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱵᱨᱮᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱨᱟᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱱᱟᱱᱰᱤ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱥᱢᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱯᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱞᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱭᱵᱨᱮᱨᱤ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱑ ᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱵᱨᱮᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱘᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱞᱟᱭᱵᱨᱮᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱖᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/townlib/districts/jalpaiguri/radhika-library.html|title=Town Library Automation " Radhika Library|access-date=10 February 2020|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619035833/http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/townlib/districts/jalpaiguri/radhika-library.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://vvsindia.com/scllibrary/books31/index.php/site/index/2128| title = RADHIKA LIBRARY (T.L.), MAYNAGURI| publisher =VVS|access-date = 6 October 2024}}</ref> ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== <!---♦♦♦ Only add an institution to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---> * [[ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱰᱠᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ|ᱢᱚᱱᱳᱨᱚᱧᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱮᱢᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱰ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ]] ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱰ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ WBUTTEPA ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ (ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱴᱤᱪᱚᱨ ᱮᱰᱩᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ) ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮᱰᱤ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.msmbec.in/| title = Manoranjan Saha Memorial B.ed College| publisher = MSMBC|access-date = 6 October 2024}}</ref> *[[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ]], ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://maynaguricollege.ac.in/| title = Maynaguri College| publisher = MC|access-date = 6 October 2024}}</ref> * ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱭᱟᱭᱤᱥᱤᱴᱤᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱵᱤᱮᱥᱴᱤᱭᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ, ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱨᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱚᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱥ (᱑᱐+᱓) ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱐ ᱤᱱᱴᱮᱠ ᱠᱮᱯᱟᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://polytechnic.wbtetsd.gov.in/maynagurigovpoly| title = Maynaguri Government Polytechnic| publisher = MGP|access-date = 6 October 2024}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ== '''ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ:''' [[File:NH31 From Maynaguri.jpg|thumb|[[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱒᱗ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)]]]] ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱷᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱷᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱒᱗ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ) ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱳᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱳᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤ-ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱯᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ '''ᱨᱮᱞ:''' [[File:New Maynaguri Railway Station.jpg|thumb|left|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱭᱩ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ @ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ (ᱠᱳᱰ: ᱮᱱᱡᱮᱯᱤ) ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔᱕ ᱠᱤ.ᱢᱤ. ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ (ᱮᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱮᱠᱥ) ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱚᱰ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ (ᱮᱢᱣᱟᱭᱡᱤᱰᱤ) ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕ ᱠᱤ.ᱢᱤ. ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱚᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ-ᱪᱟᱝᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱫᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱚᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱚᱢᱚᱦᱚᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ {{clear}} ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] apco8v87de226i2cjv7e7ptt7w7mqow 0 35868 191713 2026-05-10T19:55:15Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ | formation = ᱑᱙᱕᱗ | logo = Amref Health Africa logo.png | image = | type = | registration_id = | founder = [[ᱟᱨᱪᱤᱵᱟᱞᱰ ᱢᱮᱠᱤᱱᱰᱳ]]<br />[[ᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱣᱩᱰ]]<br />ᱴᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱥ | location = ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ: ᱱᱟᱭᱨᱳᱵᱤ, <br />ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ | origins = ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ | region_served = ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ | revenue = $᱒᱕᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ | endowment = | num_volunteers = ᱐ | num_employees = ᱒᱑᱐᱐ | num_members = ᱑᱒ | owner = | leader_title = ᱜᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱪᱤᱯᱷ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱭᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ | leader_name = [[ᱜᱤᱛᱷᱤᱧᱡᱤ ᱜᱤᱛᱟᱦᱤ]] | former_name = ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ (AMREF) | dissolved = | website = {{URL|amref.org}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hamze |first=Hasan |last2=Mengiste |first2=Asrat |last3=Carter |first3=Jane |date=2017 |title=The impact and cost-effectiveness of the Amref Health Africa-Smile Train Cleft Lip and Palate Surgical Repair Programme in Eastern and Central Africa |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2017.28.35.10344 |journal=Pan African Medical Journal |volume=28 |doi=10.11604/pamj.2017.28.35.10344 |issn=1937-8688|pmc=5697937 }}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == [[Image:Cessna 402B 5H-MOJ Wilson 26.04.73 edited-3.jpg|thumb|right|᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱨᱳᱵᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Cessna 402]]B]] ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱪᱤᱵᱟᱞᱰ ᱢᱮᱠᱤᱱᱰᱳ, ᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱣᱩᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱨ. ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱰᱤ. ᱨᱤᱥ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>Saxon, Wolfgang (1987, May 20) "Dr Michael Wood, a Founder of East Africa Flying Doctors" ''The New York Times.'' https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/20/obituaries/dr-michael-wood-a-founder-of-east-africa-flying-doctors.html</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rees |first=Thomas D |title=Daktari: A Surgeon’s Adventure’s with the Flying Doctors of East Africa |publisher=Sunstone Press |year=2002 |isbn=9780865343894 |location=Santa Fe |pages=13}}</ref> ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Nyambegera, Stephen Morangi; Gicheru, Caroline Njambi (2016). “''Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors Influencing Employee Motivation: Lessons from AMREF Health Africa in Kenya''”. International Journal of Business and Social Research (Volume 6, Issue 9)</ref> ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱐ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱜᱟᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱳᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ HIV/AIDS ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":1" /> ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ-ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱞᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱮᱪᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":0" /> ᱗ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱵᱩᱞᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱭᱟᱢᱵᱩ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Komu |first=Nicholas |date=7 August 2025 |title=At least 6 killed in air ambulance crash just outside Kenya’s capital |url=https://apnews.com/article/kenya-helicopter-crash-2fe1954ac9013b1f68ac89798c733c4c |access-date=8 August 2025 |work=AP News}}</ref> == ''ᱫᱟ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ'' (ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ) == ᱑᱙᱖᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱣᱮᱨᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱨᱡᱳᱜᱽ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱰᱚᱠᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''ᱫᱟ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ'' ᱾<ref>Alcalá Anguiano, Fabiola (2024-11-20) "Biographies in the Cinematic Realism Of Werner Herzog. Discourse for Remembering and Thinking about the Present" ''Encartes'', (Volume 6, Number 12). 113-136. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.29340/en.v6n12.280</nowiki></ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>Cronin, Paul (2014) "Werner Herzog: A Guide for the Perplexed". Faber and Faber. {{ISBN|978-0571336067}}</ref> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ == [[File:McIndoe statue, East Grinstead.jpg|thumb|[[ᱤᱥᱴ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱥᱴᱮᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱪᱤᱵᱟᱞᱰ ᱢᱮᱠᱤᱱᱰᱳ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ]] *ᱨᱤᱥ, ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱰᱤ (᱒᱐᱐᱒) ᱾ ''Daktari: A Surgeons Adventures with the Flying Doctors of East Africa'' ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱷᱮ: ᱥᱟᱱᱥᱴᱳᱱ ᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱾ {{ISBN|9780865343894}} == ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ == ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Leadership |url=https://amref.org/our-leadership/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Amref Health Africa |language=en-GB}}</ref> * ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱪᱤᱯᱷ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱭᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ: ᱜᱤᱛᱷᱤᱧᱡᱤ ᱜᱤᱛᱟᱦᱤ,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Leadership |url=https://amref.org/our-leadership/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Amref Health Africa |language=en-GB}}</ref> * ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱪᱤᱯᱷ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ: ᱡᱮᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱝ * ᱜᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱦᱭᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ: ᱟᱱᱡᱮᱞᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱤᱨᱩ * ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ: ᱱᱫᱤᱨᱟᱝᱜᱩ ᱣᱟᱧᱡᱩᱠᱤ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [https://books.google.com/books?id=QS8cApKgFBoC Daktari: A Surgeon's Adventures with the Flying Doctors of East Africa] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] 82p4lpo0wrptdjpvlt5dpupiv8vpwrn 191714 191713 2026-05-10T19:56:37Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 - 191714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ | formation = ᱑᱙᱕᱗ | logo = l | image = | type = | registration_id = | founder = [[ᱟᱨᱪᱤᱵᱟᱞᱰ ᱢᱮᱠᱤᱱᱰᱳ]]<br />[[ᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱣᱩᱰ]]<br />ᱴᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱥ | location = ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ: ᱱᱟᱭᱨᱳᱵᱤ, <br />ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ | origins = ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ | region_served = ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ | revenue = $᱒᱕᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ | endowment = | num_volunteers = ᱐ | num_employees = ᱒᱑᱐᱐ | num_members = ᱑᱒ | owner = | leader_title = ᱜᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱪᱤᱯᱷ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱭᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ | leader_name = [[ᱜᱤᱛᱷᱤᱧᱡᱤ ᱜᱤᱛᱟᱦᱤ]] | former_name = ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ (AMREF) | dissolved = | website = {{URL|amref.org}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hamze |first=Hasan |last2=Mengiste |first2=Asrat |last3=Carter |first3=Jane |date=2017 |title=The impact and cost-effectiveness of the Amref Health Africa-Smile Train Cleft Lip and Palate Surgical Repair Programme in Eastern and Central Africa |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2017.28.35.10344 |journal=Pan African Medical Journal |volume=28 |doi=10.11604/pamj.2017.28.35.10344 |issn=1937-8688|pmc=5697937 }}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == [[Image:Cessna 402B 5H-MOJ Wilson 26.04.73 edited-3.jpg|thumb|right|᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱨᱳᱵᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Cessna 402]]B]] ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱪᱤᱵᱟᱞᱰ ᱢᱮᱠᱤᱱᱰᱳ, ᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱣᱩᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱨ. ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱰᱤ. ᱨᱤᱥ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>Saxon, Wolfgang (1987, May 20) "Dr Michael Wood, a Founder of East Africa Flying Doctors" ''The New York Times.'' https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/20/obituaries/dr-michael-wood-a-founder-of-east-africa-flying-doctors.html</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rees |first=Thomas D |title=Daktari: A Surgeon’s Adventure’s with the Flying Doctors of East Africa |publisher=Sunstone Press |year=2002 |isbn=9780865343894 |location=Santa Fe |pages=13}}</ref> ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Nyambegera, Stephen Morangi; Gicheru, Caroline Njambi (2016). “''Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors Influencing Employee Motivation: Lessons from AMREF Health Africa in Kenya''”. International Journal of Business and Social Research (Volume 6, Issue 9)</ref> ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱐ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱜᱟᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱳᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ HIV/AIDS ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":1" /> ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ-ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱞᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱮᱪᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":0" /> ᱗ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱵᱩᱞᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱭᱟᱢᱵᱩ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Komu |first=Nicholas |date=7 August 2025 |title=At least 6 killed in air ambulance crash just outside Kenya’s capital |url=https://apnews.com/article/kenya-helicopter-crash-2fe1954ac9013b1f68ac89798c733c4c |access-date=8 August 2025 |work=AP News}}</ref> == ''ᱫᱟ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ'' (ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ) == ᱑᱙᱖᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱣᱮᱨᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱨᱡᱳᱜᱽ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱰᱚᱠᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''ᱫᱟ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ'' ᱾<ref>Alcalá Anguiano, Fabiola (2024-11-20) "Biographies in the Cinematic Realism Of Werner Herzog. Discourse for Remembering and Thinking about the Present" ''Encartes'', (Volume 6, Number 12). 113-136. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.29340/en.v6n12.280</nowiki></ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>Cronin, Paul (2014) "Werner Herzog: A Guide for the Perplexed". Faber and Faber. {{ISBN|978-0571336067}}</ref> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ == [[File:McIndoe statue, East Grinstead.jpg|thumb|[[ᱤᱥᱴ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱥᱴᱮᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱪᱤᱵᱟᱞᱰ ᱢᱮᱠᱤᱱᱰᱳ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ]] *ᱨᱤᱥ, ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱰᱤ (᱒᱐᱐᱒) ᱾ ''Daktari: A Surgeons Adventures with the Flying Doctors of East Africa'' ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱷᱮ: ᱥᱟᱱᱥᱴᱳᱱ ᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱾ {{ISBN|9780865343894}} == ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ == ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Leadership |url=https://amref.org/our-leadership/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Amref Health Africa |language=en-GB}}</ref> * ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱪᱤᱯᱷ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱭᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ: ᱜᱤᱛᱷᱤᱧᱡᱤ ᱜᱤᱛᱟᱦᱤ,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Leadership |url=https://amref.org/our-leadership/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Amref Health Africa |language=en-GB}}</ref> * ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱪᱤᱯᱷ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ: ᱡᱮᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱝ * ᱜᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱦᱭᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ: ᱟᱱᱡᱮᱞᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱤᱨᱩ * ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ: ᱱᱫᱤᱨᱟᱝᱜᱩ ᱣᱟᱧᱡᱩᱠᱤ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [https://books.google.com/books?id=QS8cApKgFBoC Daktari: A Surgeon's Adventures with the Flying Doctors of East Africa] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] gbipwbj1v92e95kvpx3z0w0lugn88zw 191718 191714 2026-05-10T20:20:43Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 added [[Category:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 191718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ | formation = ᱑᱙᱕᱗ | logo = l | image = | type = | registration_id = | founder = [[ᱟᱨᱪᱤᱵᱟᱞᱰ ᱢᱮᱠᱤᱱᱰᱳ]]<br />[[ᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱣᱩᱰ]]<br />ᱴᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱥ | location = ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ: ᱱᱟᱭᱨᱳᱵᱤ, <br />ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ | origins = ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ | region_served = ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ | revenue = $᱒᱕᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ | endowment = | num_volunteers = ᱐ | num_employees = ᱒᱑᱐᱐ | num_members = ᱑᱒ | owner = | leader_title = ᱜᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱪᱤᱯᱷ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱭᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ | leader_name = [[ᱜᱤᱛᱷᱤᱧᱡᱤ ᱜᱤᱛᱟᱦᱤ]] | former_name = ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ (AMREF) | dissolved = | website = {{URL|amref.org}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hamze |first=Hasan |last2=Mengiste |first2=Asrat |last3=Carter |first3=Jane |date=2017 |title=The impact and cost-effectiveness of the Amref Health Africa-Smile Train Cleft Lip and Palate Surgical Repair Programme in Eastern and Central Africa |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2017.28.35.10344 |journal=Pan African Medical Journal |volume=28 |doi=10.11604/pamj.2017.28.35.10344 |issn=1937-8688|pmc=5697937 }}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == [[Image:Cessna 402B 5H-MOJ Wilson 26.04.73 edited-3.jpg|thumb|right|᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱨᱳᱵᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Cessna 402]]B]] ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱪᱤᱵᱟᱞᱰ ᱢᱮᱠᱤᱱᱰᱳ, ᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱣᱩᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱨ. ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱰᱤ. ᱨᱤᱥ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>Saxon, Wolfgang (1987, May 20) "Dr Michael Wood, a Founder of East Africa Flying Doctors" ''The New York Times.'' https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/20/obituaries/dr-michael-wood-a-founder-of-east-africa-flying-doctors.html</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rees |first=Thomas D |title=Daktari: A Surgeon’s Adventure’s with the Flying Doctors of East Africa |publisher=Sunstone Press |year=2002 |isbn=9780865343894 |location=Santa Fe |pages=13}}</ref> ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Nyambegera, Stephen Morangi; Gicheru, Caroline Njambi (2016). “''Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors Influencing Employee Motivation: Lessons from AMREF Health Africa in Kenya''”. International Journal of Business and Social Research (Volume 6, Issue 9)</ref> ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱐ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱜᱟᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱳᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ HIV/AIDS ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":1" /> ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ-ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱞᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱮᱪᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":0" /> ᱗ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱵᱩᱞᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱭᱟᱢᱵᱩ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Komu |first=Nicholas |date=7 August 2025 |title=At least 6 killed in air ambulance crash just outside Kenya’s capital |url=https://apnews.com/article/kenya-helicopter-crash-2fe1954ac9013b1f68ac89798c733c4c |access-date=8 August 2025 |work=AP News}}</ref> == ''ᱫᱟ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ'' (ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ) == ᱑᱙᱖᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱢᱨᱮᱯᱷ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱣᱮᱨᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱨᱡᱳᱜᱽ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱰᱚᱠᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''ᱫᱟ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ'' ᱾<ref>Alcalá Anguiano, Fabiola (2024-11-20) "Biographies in the Cinematic Realism Of Werner Herzog. Discourse for Remembering and Thinking about the Present" ''Encartes'', (Volume 6, Number 12). 113-136. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.29340/en.v6n12.280</nowiki></ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>Cronin, Paul (2014) "Werner Herzog: A Guide for the Perplexed". Faber and Faber. {{ISBN|978-0571336067}}</ref> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ == [[File:McIndoe statue, East Grinstead.jpg|thumb|[[ᱤᱥᱴ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱥᱴᱮᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱪᱤᱵᱟᱞᱰ ᱢᱮᱠᱤᱱᱰᱳ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ]] *ᱨᱤᱥ, ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱰᱤ (᱒᱐᱐᱒) ᱾ ''Daktari: A Surgeons Adventures with the Flying Doctors of East Africa'' ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱷᱮ: ᱥᱟᱱᱥᱴᱳᱱ ᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱾ {{ISBN|9780865343894}} == ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ == ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Leadership |url=https://amref.org/our-leadership/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Amref Health Africa |language=en-GB}}</ref> * ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱪᱤᱯᱷ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱭᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ: ᱜᱤᱛᱷᱤᱧᱡᱤ ᱜᱤᱛᱟᱦᱤ,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Leadership |url=https://amref.org/our-leadership/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Amref Health Africa |language=en-GB}}</ref> * ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱪᱤᱯᱷ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱱᱥ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ: ᱡᱮᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱝ * ᱜᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱦᱭᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ: ᱟᱱᱡᱮᱞᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱤᱨᱩ * ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ: ᱱᱫᱤᱨᱟᱝᱜᱩ ᱣᱟᱧᱡᱩᱠᱤ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [https://books.google.com/books?id=QS8cApKgFBoC Daktari: A Surgeon's Adventures with the Flying Doctors of East Africa] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] khkolmjlj3mns7titgnnaist748uw8t 0 35869 191715 2026-05-10T20:12:32Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191715 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ (ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ), ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱨᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 April 2021|title=Benefits of Physical Activity|url=https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/benefits/index.html|access-date=11 September 2021|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us}} {{web archive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251215183239/https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/benefits/index.html|date=15 December 2025}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴ ᱧᱩ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱾ == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == {{Quote box | title = [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱩᱨᱩᱢ | quote = ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱣᱟᱱ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ | source = {{Cite web |title=Constitution |url=https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=World Health Organization}} | width = 30% }} == ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ == === ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ === ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱴᱱᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ アᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱ (genes) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ [[ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱥ ᱤᱱᱰᱮᱠᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱭ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>Centers For Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/effects/index.html</ref> ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Diener|first1=Ed|last2=Chan|first2=Micaela Y.|date=2011-01-27|title=Happy People Live Longer: Subjective Well-Being Contributions to Health and Longevity|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-0854.2010.01045.x|journal=Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being|volume=3|issue=1|pages=1–43|doi=10.1111/j.1758-0854.2010.01045.x|s2cid=13490264|issn=1758-0846}}</ref> === ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ === ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ ᱾ "ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱰᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾" ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱰᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ; ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱰᱟᱲᱮ; ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ; ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱰᱟᱲᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ, ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ, ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ, ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱳ.ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱰᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal|last=O’Neill|first=Desmond|date=April 2018|title=1686c A systematic review of evidence for fitness to drive among people with mental health conditions of schizophrenia, stress/anxiety disorder, depression, personality disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.49|journal=Accident Prevention|pages=A16.3–A17 |publisher=BMJ Publishing Group Ltd|doi=10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.49}}</ref> === ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ === [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ]], ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱞᱟᱵᱽ, ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱛᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ: ᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ, ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ, ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱰᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱰᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ-ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱥᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱢ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱰᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱸᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱰᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ == ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚ == * [[ᱨᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ]] * [[ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ]] * [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ|ᱯᱷᱤᱴᱱᱮᱥ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱘᱕᱐ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] d0kl00axorjx7s7n2ly8hfr4nu5pvoy 191716 191715 2026-05-10T20:15:56Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 191716 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ (ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ), ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱨᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 April 2021|title=Benefits of Physical Activity|url=https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/benefits/index.html|access-date=11 September 2021|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us}} {{web archive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251215183239/https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/benefits/index.html|date=15 December 2025}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴ ᱧᱩ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱾ == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == {{Quote box | title = [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱩᱨᱩᱢ | quote = ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱣᱟᱱ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ | source = {{Cite web |title=Constitution |url=https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=World Health Organization}} | width = 30% }} == ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ == === ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ === ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱴᱱᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ [[ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱥ ᱤᱱᱰᱮᱠᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱭ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>Centers For Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/effects/index.html</ref> ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Diener|first1=Ed|last2=Chan|first2=Micaela Y.|date=2011-01-27|title=Happy People Live Longer: Subjective Well-Being Contributions to Health and Longevity|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-0854.2010.01045.x|journal=Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being|volume=3|issue=1|pages=1–43|doi=10.1111/j.1758-0854.2010.01045.x|s2cid=13490264|issn=1758-0846}}</ref> === ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ === ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ ᱾ "ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱰᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾" ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱰᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ; ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱰᱟᱲᱮ; ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ; ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱰᱟᱲᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ, ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ, ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ, ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱳ.ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱰᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal|last=O’Neill|first=Desmond|date=April 2018|title=1686c A systematic review of evidence for fitness to drive among people with mental health conditions of schizophrenia, stress/anxiety disorder, depression, personality disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.49|journal=Accident Prevention|pages=A16.3–A17 |publisher=BMJ Publishing Group Ltd|doi=10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.49}}</ref> === ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ === [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ]], ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱞᱟᱵᱽ, ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱛᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ: ᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ, ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ, ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱰᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱰᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ-ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱥᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱢ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱰᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱸᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱰᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱘᱕᱐ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] qlitk0ty6buunlop38xl4c9aswgq5nq 14 35870 191717 2026-05-10T20:20:03Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 "+" ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191717 wikitext text/x-wiki + jsojwe0y00ox745tisb3rfxjb66ayl8 14 35871 191719 2026-05-10T20:21:15Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 "+" ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191719 wikitext text/x-wiki + jsojwe0y00ox745tisb3rfxjb66ayl8 14 35872 191720 2026-05-10T20:21:32Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 "+" ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191720 wikitext text/x-wiki + jsojwe0y00ox745tisb3rfxjb66ayl8 0 35873 191724 2026-05-10T20:34:00Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 "'''ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ, ᱡ..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱠ ᱚᱱᱩᱵᱷᱚᱵᱽ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{sfn|WHO Maternal Health}} ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱾ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱪᱟᱨᱟᱞ ᱚᱱᱩᱵᱷᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱚᱢᱚᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ-ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title= Maternal health |url=https://www.who.int/maternal-health/en/ |website=WHO |access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱵᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cohen |first1=Robert L. |last2=Murray |first2=John |last3=Jack |first3=Susan |last4=Arscott-Mills |first4=Sharon |last5=Verardi |first5=Vincenzo |date=2017-12-06 |title=Impact of multisectoral health determinants on child mortality 1980–2010: An analysis by country baseline mortality |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=12 |issue=12 |at=e0188762 |pmid=29211765 |pmc=5718556 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0188762 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1288762C |issn=1932-6203}}</ref> ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-11 |title=Working Together to Reduce Black Maternal Mortality {{!}} Health Equity Features |publisher =CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/features/maternal-mortality/index.html |access-date=2022-09-12 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Maternal mortality |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality |access-date=2022-09-12 |publisher=WHO |language=en}}</ref> == ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ == === ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ === ᱢᱤᱫ UNFPA ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱕ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="Determinants">{{cite web|url=http://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/EN-SRH%20fact%20sheet-Poormother.pdf|title=The social determinants of maternal death and disability|publisher=[[United Nations Population Fund]]}}</ref> ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Filippi">{{cite journal | vauthors = Filippi V, Ronsmans C, Campbell OM, Graham WJ, Mills A, Borghi J, Koblinsky M, Osrin D | display-authors = 6 | title = Maternal health in poor countries: the broader context and a call for action | journal = Lancet | volume = 368 | issue = 9546 | pages = 1535–41 | date = October 2006 | pmid = 17071287 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69384-7 | s2cid = 31036096 }}</ref> ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱳᱴᱟ-ᱯᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴ ᱧᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Timmermans>{{cite journal | vauthors = Timmermans S, Bonsel GJ, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Mackenbach JP, Steyerberg EW, Raat H, Verbrugh HA, Tiemeier HW, Hofman A, Birnie E, Looman CW, Jaddoe VW, Steegers EA | display-authors = 6 | title = Individual accumulation of heterogeneous risks explains perinatal inequalities within deprived neighbourhoods | journal = European Journal of Epidemiology | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 165–80 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21203801 | pmc = 3043261 | doi = 10.1007/s10654-010-9542-5 }}</ref> ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱨᱚ, ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱦᱟᱭ ᱵᱞᱚᱰ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱟᱨ, ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref name=Izugbara>{{cite journal | vauthors = Izugbara CO, Ngilangwa DP | title = Women, poverty and adverse maternal outcomes in Nairobi, Kenya | journal = BMC Women's Health | volume = 10 | issue = 33 | article-number = 33 | date = December 2010 | pmid = 21122118 | pmc = 3014866 | doi = 10.1186/1472-6874-10-33 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ==== ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ==== ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱣᱴᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=Alexander>{{cite journal |vauthors=Alexander G, Korenbrot CC |title=The Role of Prenatal Care in Preventing Low Birth Weight|journal=The Future of Children |date=Spring 1995 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=103–120 |jstor=1602510 |doi=10.2307/1602510 |pmid=7633858}}</ref> ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱞᱚᱰ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱯ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱗᱑% ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Alexander /> ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ-ᱢᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=Curry>{{cite journal |vauthors=Curry MA |title=Factors associated with inadequate prenatal care |journal=Journal of Community Health Nursing |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=245–52 |year=1990 |pmid=2243268 |doi=10.1207/s15327655jchn0704_7 |jstor=3427223}}</ref> ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱤᱱᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Curry /> ᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name=Gage>{{cite journal |vauthors=Gage AJ |title=Barriers to the utilization of maternal health care in rural Mali |journal=Social Science & Medicine |volume=65 |issue=8 |pages=1666–82 |date=October 2007 |pmid=17643685 |doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.06.001}}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱱᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=maternal mortality |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality |website=WHO |access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{cite web |title=5. Improve maternal health |work=Millennium Development Goals |publisher=UNICEF |url=http://www.unicef.org/mdg/maternal.html |ref={{harvid|UNICEF Maternal Health}}}} * {{cite web|title=Maternal Health|publisher=World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/maternal-health|ref={{harvid|WHO Maternal Health}}}} 8j5zd9382zdynfrvfvvm1cwgg0g46a8 191725 191724 2026-05-10T20:37:43Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 /* ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ */ + 191725 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱠ ᱚᱱᱩᱵᱷᱚᱵᱽ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{sfn|WHO Maternal Health}} ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱾ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱪᱟᱨᱟᱞ ᱚᱱᱩᱵᱷᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱚᱢᱚᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ-ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title= Maternal health |url=https://www.who.int/maternal-health/en/ |website=WHO |access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱵᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cohen |first1=Robert L. |last2=Murray |first2=John |last3=Jack |first3=Susan |last4=Arscott-Mills |first4=Sharon |last5=Verardi |first5=Vincenzo |date=2017-12-06 |title=Impact of multisectoral health determinants on child mortality 1980–2010: An analysis by country baseline mortality |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=12 |issue=12 |at=e0188762 |pmid=29211765 |pmc=5718556 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0188762 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1288762C |issn=1932-6203}}</ref> ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-11 |title=Working Together to Reduce Black Maternal Mortality {{!}} Health Equity Features |publisher =CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/features/maternal-mortality/index.html |access-date=2022-09-12 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Maternal mortality |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality |access-date=2022-09-12 |publisher=WHO |language=en}}</ref> == ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ == === ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ === ᱢᱤᱫ UNFPA ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱕ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="Determinants">{{cite web|url=http://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/EN-SRH%20fact%20sheet-Poormother.pdf|title=The social determinants of maternal death and disability|publisher=[[United Nations Population Fund]]}}</ref> ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Filippi">{{cite journal | vauthors = Filippi V, Ronsmans C, Campbell OM, Graham WJ, Mills A, Borghi J, Koblinsky M, Osrin D | display-authors = 6 | title = Maternal health in poor countries: the broader context and a call for action | journal = Lancet | volume = 368 | issue = 9546 | pages = 1535–41 | date = October 2006 | pmid = 17071287 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69384-7 | s2cid = 31036096 }}</ref> ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱳᱴᱟ-ᱯᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴ ᱧᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Timmermans>{{cite journal | vauthors = Timmermans S, Bonsel GJ, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Mackenbach JP, Steyerberg EW, Raat H, Verbrugh HA, Tiemeier HW, Hofman A, Birnie E, Looman CW, Jaddoe VW, Steegers EA | display-authors = 6 | title = Individual accumulation of heterogeneous risks explains perinatal inequalities within deprived neighbourhoods | journal = European Journal of Epidemiology | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 165–80 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21203801 | pmc = 3043261 | doi = 10.1007/s10654-010-9542-5 }}</ref> ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱨᱚ, ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱦᱟᱭ ᱵᱞᱚᱰ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱟᱨ, ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref name=Izugbara>{{cite journal | vauthors = Izugbara CO, Ngilangwa DP | title = Women, poverty and adverse maternal outcomes in Nairobi, Kenya | journal = BMC Women's Health | volume = 10 | issue = 33 | article-number = 33 | date = December 2010 | pmid = 21122118 | pmc = 3014866 | doi = 10.1186/1472-6874-10-33 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ==== ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ==== [[File:Population Growth Rates, 2021.png|thumb|upright=1.5|᱒᱐᱒᱑-᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ; ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ, ᱜᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱥᱟ (᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱑᱐᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |author1-last=Roser |author1-first=Max |author1-link=Max Roser |author2-last=Rodés-Guirao |author2-first=Lucas |date=May 2024 |title=Population growth rate, 2021 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population-growth-rates?tab=map&year=2021 |url-status=live |website=www.ourworldindata.org |location=[[Oxford]], [[England]] |publisher=[[Our World in Data]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520222646/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population-growth-rates?tab=map&year=2021 |archive-date=20 May 2024 |access-date=23 November 2025}}</ref>]] [[File:Total Fertility Rate Map by Country.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|᱒᱐ traveler-᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱩᱸᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ, ᱯᱚᱯᱩᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱵᱤᱣᱨᱳ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |editor1-last=Kaneda |editor1-first=Toshiko |editor2-last=Greenbaum |editor2-first=Charlotte |editor3-last=Haub |editor3-first=Carl |date=October 2022 |title=2022 World Population Data Sheet |url=https://2022-wpds.prb.org/ |url-status=live |website=2022-wpds.prb.org |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |publisher=[[Population Reference Bureau]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007213329/https://2022-wpds.prb.org/ |archive-date=7 October 2022 |access-date=23 November 2025}}</ref>]] ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱣᱴᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=Alexander>{{cite journal |vauthors=Alexander G, Korenbrot CC |title=The Role of Prenatal Care in Preventing Low Birth Weight|journal=The Future of Children |date=Spring 1995 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=103–120 |jstor=1602510 |doi=10.2307/1602510 |pmid=7633858}}</ref> ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱞᱚᱰ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱯ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱗᱑% ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Alexander /> ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ-ᱢᱚᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=Curry>{{cite journal |vauthors=Curry MA |title=Factors associated with inadequate prenatal care |journal=Journal of Community Health Nursing |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=245–52 |year=1990 |pmid=2243268 |doi=10.1207/s15327655jchn0704_7 |jstor=3427223}}</ref> ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱤᱱᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Curry /> ᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name=Gage>{{cite journal |vauthors=Gage AJ |title=Barriers to the utilization of maternal health care in rural Mali |journal=Social Science & Medicine |volume=65 |issue=8 |pages=1666–82 |date=October 2007 |pmid=17643685 |doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.06.001}}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱱᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=maternal mortality |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality |website=WHO |access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{cite web |title=5. Improve maternal health |work=Millennium Development Goals |publisher=UNICEF |url=http://www.unicef.org/mdg/maternal.html |ref={{harvid|UNICEF Maternal Health}}}} * {{cite web|title=Maternal Health|publisher=World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/maternal-health|ref={{harvid|WHO Maternal Health}}}} ja8alerckfzcgp8cf1di4e97kpv3c0q 0 35874 191726 2026-05-10T20:55:54Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 "{{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚ | image = | caption = ᱑᱘᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ (melancholia) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ | alt = | field = [[ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ|ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱟᱭᱴᱨᱤ]],..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚ | image = | caption = ᱑᱘᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ (melancholia) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ | alt = | field = [[ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ|ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱟᱭᱴᱨᱤ]], [[ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ]] | symptoms = ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ, ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ | complications = | onset = | duration = | causes = ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ, ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ, ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ, ᱜᱩᱱ-ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ<ref name="clevelandclinic">{{cite web |publisher=Cleveland Clinic |title=Depression|date=2022 |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression|access-date=9 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260428054959/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression |archive-date=2026-04-28 |url-status=live}}</ref> | risks = ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ<ref name="shrivastavaA">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shrivastava A, Bureau Y, Rewari N, Johnston M | title = Clinical risk of stigma and discrimination of mental illnesses: Need for objective assessment and quantification | journal = Indian Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 55 | issue = 2 | pages = 178–82 | date = April 2013 | pmid = 23825855 | pmc = 3696244 | doi = 10.4103/0019-5545.111459 | doi-access = free }}</ref> | diagnosis = ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱚᱥᱪᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮᱠ ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴᱚᱨᱤ | differential = [[ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ]], [[ᱵᱟᱭᱯᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ]], [[ᱵᱳᱨᱰᱟᱨᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱰᱤᱥᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ]] | prevention = ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ | treatment = [[ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ|ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱳᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟᱯᱤ]], ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱠᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} {{emotion}} '''ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016 |title= Depression Basics |url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression|access-date=22 October 2020 |website=NIMH |archive-date=11 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611091923/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/complete-index.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱓.᱕% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱒᱘᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Depression |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226072232/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression |archive-date=26 December 2020 |access-date=7 April 2021 |website=[[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] |language=en}}</ref> ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ, [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = de Zwart PL, Jeronimus BF, de Jonge P | title = Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review | journal = Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | volume = 28 | issue = 5 | pages = 544–562 | date = October 2019 | pmid = 29769159 | pmc = 7032752 | doi = 10.1017/S2045796018000227 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱟᱫ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Psychotherapy and counselling for depression| vauthors = Gilbert P |date=2007|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-1-84920-349-4|edition=3rd|location=Los Angeles|oclc=436076587}}</ref> ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ, ᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ, ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ, ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ (hypersomnia ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ insomnia), ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱡᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱰᱤᱥᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱯᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ ᱾<ref> {{cite book |title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) |author=American Psychiatric Association |year=2013 |publisher=American Psychiatric Association}} </ref> ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== kwi2wq407tmqtchegzbo8cnpkbhdhw3 191727 191726 2026-05-10T20:56:53Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚ | image = A man diagnosed as suffering from melancholia with strong su Wellcome L0026693.jpg | caption = ᱑᱘᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ (melancholia) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ | alt = | field = [[ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ|ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱟᱭᱴᱨᱤ]], [[ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ]] | symptoms = ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ, ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ | complications = | onset = | duration = | causes = ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ, ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ, ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ, ᱜᱩᱱ-ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ<ref name="clevelandclinic">{{cite web |publisher=Cleveland Clinic |title=Depression|date=2022 |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression|access-date=9 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260428054959/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression |archive-date=2026-04-28 |url-status=live}}</ref> | risks = ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ<ref name="shrivastavaA">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shrivastava A, Bureau Y, Rewari N, Johnston M | title = Clinical risk of stigma and discrimination of mental illnesses: Need for objective assessment and quantification | journal = Indian Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 55 | issue = 2 | pages = 178–82 | date = April 2013 | pmid = 23825855 | pmc = 3696244 | doi = 10.4103/0019-5545.111459 | doi-access = free }}</ref> | diagnosis = ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱚᱥᱪᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮᱠ ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴᱚᱨᱤ | differential = [[ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ]], [[ᱵᱟᱭᱯᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ]], [[ᱵᱳᱨᱰᱟᱨᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱰᱤᱥᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ]] | prevention = ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ | treatment = [[ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ|ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱳᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟᱯᱤ]], ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱠᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} '''ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016 |title= Depression Basics |url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression|access-date=22 October 2020 |website=NIMH |archive-date=11 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611091923/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/complete-index.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱓.᱕% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱒᱘᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Depression |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226072232/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression |archive-date=26 December 2020 |access-date=7 April 2021 |website=[[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] |language=en}}</ref> ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ, [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = de Zwart PL, Jeronimus BF, de Jonge P | title = Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review | journal = Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | volume = 28 | issue = 5 | pages = 544–562 | date = October 2019 | pmid = 29769159 | pmc = 7032752 | doi = 10.1017/S2045796018000227 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱟᱫ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Psychotherapy and counselling for depression| vauthors = Gilbert P |date=2007|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-1-84920-349-4|edition=3rd|location=Los Angeles|oclc=436076587}}</ref> ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ, ᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ, ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ, ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ (hypersomnia ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ insomnia), ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱡᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱰᱤᱥᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱯᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ ᱾<ref> {{cite book |title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) |author=American Psychiatric Association |year=2013 |publisher=American Psychiatric Association}} </ref> ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== kkmh1uj4noywcm4dn4r3i050twrm4d0 191728 191727 2026-05-10T20:58:44Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 /* ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ */ 191728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚ | image = A man diagnosed as suffering from melancholia with strong su Wellcome L0026693.jpg | caption = ᱑᱘᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ (melancholia) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ | alt = | field = [[ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ|ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱟᱭᱴᱨᱤ]], [[ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ]] | symptoms = ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ, ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ | complications = | onset = | duration = | causes = ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ, ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ, ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ, ᱜᱩᱱ-ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ<ref name="clevelandclinic">{{cite web |publisher=Cleveland Clinic |title=Depression|date=2022 |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression|access-date=9 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260428054959/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression |archive-date=2026-04-28 |url-status=live}}</ref> | risks = ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ<ref name="shrivastavaA">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shrivastava A, Bureau Y, Rewari N, Johnston M | title = Clinical risk of stigma and discrimination of mental illnesses: Need for objective assessment and quantification | journal = Indian Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 55 | issue = 2 | pages = 178–82 | date = April 2013 | pmid = 23825855 | pmc = 3696244 | doi = 10.4103/0019-5545.111459 | doi-access = free }}</ref> | diagnosis = ᱯᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱚᱥᱪᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮᱠ ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴᱚᱨᱤ | differential = [[ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ]], [[ᱵᱟᱭᱯᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ]], [[ᱵᱳᱨᱰᱟᱨᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱰᱤᱥᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ]] | prevention = ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ | treatment = [[ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ|ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱳᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟᱯᱤ]], ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱠᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} '''ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016 |title= Depression Basics |url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression|access-date=22 October 2020 |website=NIMH |archive-date=11 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611091923/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/complete-index.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱓.᱕% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱒᱘᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Depression |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226072232/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression |archive-date=26 December 2020 |access-date=7 April 2021 |website=[[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] |language=en}}</ref> ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ, [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = de Zwart PL, Jeronimus BF, de Jonge P | title = Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review | journal = Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | volume = 28 | issue = 5 | pages = 544–562 | date = October 2019 | pmid = 29769159 | pmc = 7032752 | doi = 10.1017/S2045796018000227 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱟᱫ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Psychotherapy and counselling for depression| vauthors = Gilbert P |date=2007|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-1-84920-349-4|edition=3rd|location=Los Angeles|oclc=436076587}}</ref> ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱲᱤᱥ, ᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ, ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ, ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ (hypersomnia ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ insomnia), ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱡᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱰᱤᱥᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱯᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ ᱾<ref> {{cite book |title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) |author=American Psychiatric Association |year=2013 |publisher=American Psychiatric Association}} </ref> ᱰᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * {{Commons category-inline|Depression (mood)}} ogracy96ga9k3av7dt6xezajnfs193s 0 35875 191738 2026-05-11T06:08:04Z MT731 2184 "{{Infobox settlement | name = ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3 | push..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3 | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.5554|N|88.8381|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 4.3598 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 7469 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱗᱓᱕᱒᱒᱔ | area_code_type = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ/ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = ᱐᱓᱕᱖᱑ | registration_plate = WB | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | website = {{URL|jalpaiguri.gov.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=400| height=300| zoom=9 | coord={{coord|26|37|0|N|88|47|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ'''<br/>CT: ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, R: ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, C: ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ, NP: ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ/ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ, TE: ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ<br/>ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ – TG ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ (ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ / ᱟᱹᱛᱩ), TE ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ, JRS: ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ<br/>ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ |mark-coord1={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|27|41|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Dabgram| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|39|7|N|88|30|56|E}}| label-pos2=bottom|label2=Chakiabhita| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[ᱪᱟᱠᱤᱵᱷᱤᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|39|35|N|88|28|7|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3=Binnaguri 2| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (CT) |mark-coord4={{coord|26|31|52|N|88|42|8|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4=Kharia| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord5={{coord|26|34|0|N|88|49|12|E}}| label-pos5=top|label5=Mainaguri| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord6={{coord|26|32|50|N|88|50|17|E}}| label-pos6=right|label6=Dakshin Khagrabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ (CT) |mark-coord7={{coord|26|40|48|N|89|1|48|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7=Gairkata| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[ᱜᱟᱭᱨᱠᱟᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord8={{coord|26|46|40|N|89|2|26|E}}| label-pos8=right|label8=Banarhat| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱦᱟᱴ]] (CT) |mark-coord9={{coord|26|43|30|N|89|3|6|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9=Telipara TG| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (CT) |mark-coord10={{coord|26|30|10|N|88|43|48|E}}| label-pos10=right |label10=Jalpaiguri| numbered10=M| mark-title10= [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (M)| shape-color10=#800000 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|36|10|N|89|0|25|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11=Dhupguri| numbered11=M| mark-title11= [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (M) | shape-color11=#800000 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|45|20|N|89|3|20|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Binnaguri 1| numbered12=C| mark-title12=[[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (C)|shape-color12=#AA6666 |mark-coord13={{coord|26|38|19|N|88|24|59|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13=Phulbari|labela13=checkpoint| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|26|34|50|N|88|31|43|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14=Rajganj| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222 |mark-coord15={{coord|26|35|24|N|88|35|20|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15=Belakoba| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱠᱳᱵᱟ]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222 |mark-coord16={{coord|26|33|31|N|88|41|57|E}}| label-pos16= left |label16= Danguajhar TE | numbered16=TE| mark-title16= [[Danguajhar Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color16=#87A96B |mark-coord17={{coord|26|48|17|N|89|0|13|E}}| label-pos17= right |label17= Gandrapara TE | numbered17=TE| mark-title17= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color17=#87A96B |mark-coord18={{coord|26|49|45|N|89|0|53|E}}| label-pos18= top |label18= Lakhipara TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B |mark-coord19={{coord|26|41|20|N|88|25|50|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=New Jalpaiguri JRS| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (F)| shape-color19= #A40000 |mark-coord20={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|48|10|E}}| label-pos20=bottom|label20=Gorumara |labela20= National| labelb20= Park| numbered20=NP| mark-title20= [[ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (NP)| shape-color20=#228B22 |mark-coord21={{coord|26|52|40|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos21=bottom|label21=Chapramari |labela21= Wildlife| labelb21= Sanctuary| numbered21=NP| mark-title21= [[ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱨ]] (NP)| shape-color21=#228B22 |mark-coord22={{coord|26|43|43|N|88|35|40|E}}|label22= Teesta| label-color22 = #77A1CB| label-angle22=60| label-pos22=top| label-size22=10| mark-size22=0| mark-title22=none |mark-coord23={{coord|26|38|0|N|88|39|40|E}}|label23= River| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=50| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23=none |mark-coord24={{coord|26|39|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label24= ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ | labela24=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=80| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|30|0|N|88|25|0|E}}|arc-textA= ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=28| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4 |arc-coordB={{coord|26|56|30|N|89|6|30|E}}|arc-textB= ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=20| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ {{coord|26.5554|N|88.8381|E|display=inline}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱩᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |author=Debnath, S. |year=2010 |title=The Dooars in Historical Transition |publisher=Shiv Mandir: N. L. Publishers|url=http://14.139.206.50:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/885/1/THE%20DOOARS%20IN%20HISTORICAL%20TRANSITION.pdf}}</ref><ref>Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C. (2001). {{WWF ecoregion|name=Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands|id=im0701}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱒.᱐᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱗.᱙᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ CT (ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ R (ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ / ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ TE ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ <small>ᱱᱳᱴ: ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾</small> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱗,᱔᱖᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓,᱗᱘᱖ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱓,᱖᱘᱓ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱙᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱕,᱑᱐᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ (ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱖.᱕᱖% ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ) ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 2 July 2020 }}</ref> ==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ== ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ'', ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱔.᱓᱕᱙᱘ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑.᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ, ᱴᱤᱭᱩᱵᱽ ᱣᱮᱞ, ᱵᱳᱨᱣᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱩᱧ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ, ᱘᱗᱙ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱗᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱚᱛᱨᱤᱛᱷᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Jalpaiguri, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 451-453: Statement I: Status and Growth History, Pages 454-455: Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Pages 456-457: Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 458-459: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 460—463: Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 464: Statement VI: Industry and Banking | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |accessdate = 26 June 2020}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] 2y3ecyavuu9t7o8rhcxdcf2k0w36miu 191739 191738 2026-05-11T07:49:39Z MT731 2184 191739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3 | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.5554|N|88.8381|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 4.3598 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 7469 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱗᱓᱕᱒᱒᱔ | area_code_type = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ/ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = ᱐᱓᱕᱖᱑ | registration_plate = WB | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | website = {{URL|jalpaiguri.gov.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=400| height=300| zoom=9 | coord={{coord|26|37|0|N|88|47|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ'''<br/>CT: ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, R: ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, C: ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ, NP: ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ/ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ, TE: ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ<br/>ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ – TG ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ (ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ / ᱟᱹᱛᱩ), TE ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ, JRS: ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ<br/>ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ |mark-coord1={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|27|41|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Dabgram| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|39|7|N|88|30|56|E}}| label-pos2=bottom|label2=Chakiabhita| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[ᱪᱟᱠᱤᱵᱷᱤᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|39|35|N|88|28|7|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3=Binnaguri 2| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (CT) |mark-coord4={{coord|26|31|52|N|88|42|8|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4=Kharia| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord5={{coord|26|34|0|N|88|49|12|E}}| label-pos5=top|label5=Mainaguri| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord6={{coord|26|32|50|N|88|50|17|E}}| label-pos6=right|label6=Dakshin Khagrabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ (CT) |mark-coord7={{coord|26|40|48|N|89|1|48|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7=Gairkata| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[ᱜᱟᱭᱨᱠᱟᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord8={{coord|26|46|40|N|89|2|26|E}}| label-pos8=right|label8=Banarhat| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱦᱟᱴ]] (CT) |mark-coord9={{coord|26|43|30|N|89|3|6|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9=Telipara TG| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (CT) |mark-coord10={{coord|26|30|10|N|88|43|48|E}}| label-pos10=right |label10=Jalpaiguri| numbered10=M| mark-title10= [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (M)| shape-color10=#800000 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|36|10|N|89|0|25|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11=Dhupguri| numbered11=M| mark-title11= [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (M) | shape-color11=#800000 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|45|20|N|89|3|20|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Binnaguri 1| numbered12=C| mark-title12=[[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (C)|shape-color12=#AA6666 |mark-coord13={{coord|26|38|19|N|88|24|59|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13=Phulbari|labela13=checkpoint| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|26|34|50|N|88|31|43|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14=Rajganj| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222 |mark-coord15={{coord|26|35|24|N|88|35|20|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15=Belakoba| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱠᱳᱵᱟ]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222 |mark-coord16={{coord|26|33|31|N|88|41|57|E}}| label-pos16= left |label16= Danguajhar TE | numbered16=TE| mark-title16= [[Danguajhar Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color16=#87A96B |mark-coord17={{coord|26|48|17|N|89|0|13|E}}| label-pos17= right |label17= Gandrapara TE | numbered17=TE| mark-title17= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color17=#87A96B |mark-coord18={{coord|26|49|45|N|89|0|53|E}}| label-pos18= top |label18= Lakhipara TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B |mark-coord19={{coord|26|41|20|N|88|25|50|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=New Jalpaiguri JRS| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (F)| shape-color19= #A40000 |mark-coord20={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|48|10|E}}| label-pos20=bottom|label20=Gorumara |labela20= National| labelb20= Park| numbered20=NP| mark-title20= [[ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (NP)| shape-color20=#228B22 |mark-coord21={{coord|26|52|40|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos21=bottom|label21=Chapramari |labela21= Wildlife| labelb21= Sanctuary| numbered21=NP| mark-title21= [[ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱨ]] (NP)| shape-color21=#228B22 |mark-coord22={{coord|26|43|43|N|88|35|40|E}}|label22= Teesta| label-color22 = #77A1CB| label-angle22=60| label-pos22=top| label-size22=10| mark-size22=0| mark-title22=none |mark-coord23={{coord|26|38|0|N|88|39|40|E}}|label23= River| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=50| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23=none |mark-coord24={{coord|26|39|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label24= ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ | labela24=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=80| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|30|0|N|88|25|0|E}}|arc-textA= ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=28| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4 |arc-coordB={{coord|26|56|30|N|89|6|30|E}}|arc-textB= ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=20| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ {{coord|26.5554|N|88.8381|E|display=inline}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱩᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |author=Debnath, S. |year=2010 |title=The Dooars in Historical Transition |publisher=Shiv Mandir: N. L. Publishers|url=http://14.139.206.50:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/885/1/THE%20DOOARS%20IN%20HISTORICAL%20TRANSITION.pdf}}</ref><ref>Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C. (2001). {{WWF ecoregion|name=Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands|id=im0701}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱒.᱐᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱗.᱙᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ CT (ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ R (ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ / ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ TE ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ <small>ᱱᱳᱴ: ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾</small> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱗,᱔᱖᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓,᱗᱘᱖ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱓,᱖᱘᱓ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱙᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱕,᱑᱐᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ (ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱖.᱕᱖% ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ) ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 2 July 2020 }}</ref> ==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ== ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ'', ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱔.᱓᱕᱙᱘ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑.᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ, ᱴᱤᱭᱩᱵᱽ ᱣᱮᱞ, ᱵᱳᱨᱣᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱩᱧ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ, ᱘᱗᱙ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱗᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱚᱛᱨᱤᱛᱷᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Jalpaiguri, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 451-453: Statement I: Status and Growth History, Pages 454-455: Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Pages 456-457: Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 458-459: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 460—463: Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 464: Statement VI: Industry and Banking | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |accessdate = 26 June 2020}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] j3fr98mqrs3r574948guoo58yr24vk1 0 35876 191740 2026-05-11T08:10:01Z MT731 2184 "{{Infobox settlement | name = ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3 | pushpin_label_position = | pushpi..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3 | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.531267|N|88.702433|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 58.0255 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 61661 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱗᱓᱕᱑᱐᱒ | area_code_type = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ/ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = ᱐᱓᱕᱖᱑ | registration_plate = WB | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | website = {{URL|jalpaiguri.gov.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=400| height=300| zoom=9 | coord={{coord|26|37|0|N|88|47|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ'''<br/>CT: ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, R: ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, C: ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ, NP: ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ/ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ, TE: ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ<br/>ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ – TG ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ (ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ / ᱟᱹᱛᱩ), TE ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ, JRS: ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ<br/>ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ |mark-coord1={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|27|41|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Dabgram| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|39|7|N|88|30|56|E}}| label-pos2=bottom|label2=Chakiabhita| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[ᱪᱟᱠᱤᱵᱷᱤᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|39|35|N|88|28|7|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3=Binnaguri 2| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (CT) |mark-coord4={{coord|26|31|52|N|88|42|8|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4=Kharia| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ (CT) |mark-coord5={{coord|26|34|0|N|88|49|12|E}}| label-pos5=top|label5=Mainaguri| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord6={{coord|26|32|50|N|88|50|17|E}}| label-pos6=right|label6=Dakshin Khagrabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord7={{coord|26|40|48|N|89|1|48|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7=Gairkata| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[ᱜᱟᱭᱨᱠᱟᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord8={{coord|26|46|40|N|89|2|26|E}}| label-pos8=right|label8=Banarhat| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱦᱟᱴ]] (CT) |mark-coord9={{coord|26|43|30|N|89|3|6|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9=Telipara TG| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (CT) |mark-coord10={{coord|26|30|10|N|88|43|48|E}}| label-pos10=right |label10=Jalpaiguri| numbered10=M| mark-title10= [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (M)| shape-color10=#800000 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|36|10|N|89|0|25|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11=Dhupguri| numbered11=M| mark-title11= [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (M) | shape-color11=#800000 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|45|20|N|89|3|20|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Binnaguri 1| numbered12=C| mark-title12=[[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (C)|shape-color12=#AA6666 |mark-coord13={{coord|26|38|19|N|88|24|59|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13=Phulbari|labela13=checkpoint| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|26|34|50|N|88|31|43|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14=Rajganj| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222 |mark-coord15={{coord|26|35|24|N|88|35|20|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15=Belakoba| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱠᱳᱵᱟ]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222 |mark-coord16={{coord|26|33|31|N|88|41|57|E}}| label-pos16= left |label16= Danguajhar TE | numbered16=TE| mark-title16= [[Danguajhar Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color16=#87A96B |mark-coord17={{coord|26|48|17|N|89|0|13|E}}| label-pos17= right |label17= Gandrapara TE | numbered17=TE| mark-title17= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color17=#87A96B |mark-coord18={{coord|26|49|45|N|89|0|53|E}}| label-pos18= top |label18= Lakhipara TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B |mark-coord19={{coord|26|41|20|N|88|25|50|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=New Jalpaiguri JRS| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (F)| shape-color19= #A40000 |mark-coord20={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|48|10|E}}| label-pos20=bottom|label20=Gorumara |labela20= National| labelb20= Park| numbered20=NP| mark-title20= [[ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (NP)| shape-color20=#228B22 |mark-coord21={{coord|26|52|40|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos21=bottom|label21=Chapramari |labela21= Wildlife| labelb21= Sanctuary| numbered21=NP| mark-title21= [[ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱨ]] (NP)| shape-color21=#228B22 |mark-coord22={{coord|26|43|43|N|88|35|40|E}}|label22= Teesta| label-color22 = #77A1CB| label-angle22=60| label-pos22=top| label-size22=10| mark-size22=0| mark-title22=none |mark-coord23={{coord|26|38|0|N|88|39|40|E}}|label23= River| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=50| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23=none |mark-coord24={{coord|26|39|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label24= ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ | labela24=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=80| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|30|0|N|88|25|0|E}}|arc-textA= ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=28| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4 |arc-coordB={{coord|26|56|30|N|89|6|30|E}}|arc-textB= ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=20| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ {{coord|26.531267|N|88.702433|E|display=inline}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱓᱙᱓ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Jalpaiguri, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 393: Map of Jalpaigurr CD block| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | accessdate = 2 July 2020}}</ref> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱑,᱖᱖᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱑,᱕᱑᱐ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱐,᱑᱕᱑ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱖,᱖᱖᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱓,᱔᱙᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ (ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱙.᱐᱙%) ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 2 July 2020 }}</ref> ==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ== ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ'', ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱘,᱐᱒᱕ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱯ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱢᱯ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕,᱘᱘᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱚᱥᱱᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ/ᱥᱚᱥᱛᱷᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱚᱛᱨᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱚᱥᱱᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ, ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ, ᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ, ᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱖ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱷᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Jalpaiguri, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 451-453: Statement I: Status and Growth History, Pages 454-455: Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Pages 456-457: Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 458-459: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 460—463: Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 464: Statement VI: Industry and Banking | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |accessdate = 26 June 2020}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] 7pykjihmwtf8iewf5nays9flrahd6wu 0 35877 191742 2026-05-11T11:05:00Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191742 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Life-expectancy, 1881 to 2023, IND.svg|thumb|right|᱑᱘᱘᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] [[File:Child-mortality rate in india.png|thumb|᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱔᱕ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population, total - India {{!}} Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2024&locations=IN&start=2024&view=bar|access-date=2026-01-13|website=data.worldbank.org|archive-date=13 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113025701/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2024&locations=IN&start=2024&view=bar|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱠ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱴᱮᱠᱱᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ, ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries |url=https://humanrightsmeasurement.org/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=humanrightsmeasurement.org |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329085456/https://humanrightsmeasurement.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘᱐.᱕% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="India - HRMI Rights Tracker">{{Cite web |title=India - HRMI Rights Tracker |url=https://rightstracker.org/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=rightstracker.org |language=en |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329085646/https://rightstracker.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱙᱒.᱑% ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="India - HRMI Rights Tracker"/> ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱘᱕.᱖% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="India - HRMI Rights Tracker"/> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ" ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱖᱓.᱗% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="India - HRMI Rights Tracker"/> == ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ == ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱐–᱑᱙᱗᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱙.᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱐–᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱗.᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱙.᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱖.᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱙.᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gapminder.org/tools/#$chart-type=bubbles|title=Gapminder|last=Rosling|access-date=5 September 2018|archive-date=4 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904041729/https://www.gapminder.org/tools/#$chart-type=bubbles|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱗ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ (᱔᱑) ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ (᱒᱕) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔.᱖ ᱟᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=":5" /> ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑᱓ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱔᱑.᱑ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=":5" /> ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱗–᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱖᱗ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ (᱖᱑) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱟᱢ (᱓᱐᱐) ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱐ ᱟᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=":5" /> ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒.᱓ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱘ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (DALYs) ᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱤᱥᱪᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ (ᱜᱩᱴ DALYs ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘.᱖᱖%), ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤ.ᱳ.ᱯᱤ.ᱰᱤ (COPD) (᱔.᱘᱑%), ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱤᱭᱟ (᱔.᱖᱔%) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ (᱔.᱓᱕%) ᱾<ref name=":6" /> ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ DALYs ᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒,᱕᱙᱘.᱗᱑ DALYs), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare|title=GBD Compare|website=Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation|access-date=15 September 2021|archive-date=26 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926021552/https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱥᱚᱝᱠᱷᱭᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒.᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗% ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱑.᱑᱙ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gupta |first1=Aashish |last2=Hathi |first2=Payal |last3=Banaji |first3=Murad |last4=Gupta |first4=Prankur |last5=Kashyap |first5=Ridhi |last6=Paikra |first6=Vipul |last7=Sharma |first7=Kanika |last8=Somanchi |first8=Anmol |last9=Sudharsanan |first9=Nikkil |last10=Vyas |first10=Sangita |date=2024-07-19 |title=Large and unequal life expectancy declines during the COVID-19 pandemic in India in 2020 |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=10 |issue=29 |article-number=eadk2070 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adk2070 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=11259167 |pmid=39028821 |bibcode=2024SciA...10K2070G }}</ref> ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ-ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ 'ᱟᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ' ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱒.᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱕.᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Yashraj |title=India's hidden COVID deaths: Was the toll in 2020 eight times higher? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/20/did-covids-first-wave-kill-eight-times-more-indians-than-announced |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist|30em}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱰᱣᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ – [http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/resources/docs/country_info/profile/en_India_SoWMy_Profile.pdf ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞ] * [http://www.thelancet.com/series/india-towards-universal-health-coverage Lancet - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ: ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130228080432/http://www.dinodiacapital.com/pdfs/Indian%20Healthcare%20Industry,%20November%202012.pdf ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ, ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ – Dinodia Capital Advisors] satipzf6mzgqb2tpyehjk1e57yfxvbq 191743 191742 2026-05-11T11:11:32Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 added [[Category:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 191743 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Life-expectancy, 1881 to 2023, IND.svg|thumb|right|᱑᱘᱘᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] [[File:Child-mortality rate in india.png|thumb|᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱔᱕ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population, total - India {{!}} Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2024&locations=IN&start=2024&view=bar|access-date=2026-01-13|website=data.worldbank.org|archive-date=13 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113025701/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2024&locations=IN&start=2024&view=bar|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱠ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱴᱮᱠᱱᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ, ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries |url=https://humanrightsmeasurement.org/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=humanrightsmeasurement.org |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329085456/https://humanrightsmeasurement.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘᱐.᱕% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="India - HRMI Rights Tracker">{{Cite web |title=India - HRMI Rights Tracker |url=https://rightstracker.org/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=rightstracker.org |language=en |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329085646/https://rightstracker.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱙᱒.᱑% ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="India - HRMI Rights Tracker"/> ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱘᱕.᱖% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="India - HRMI Rights Tracker"/> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ" ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱖᱓.᱗% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="India - HRMI Rights Tracker"/> == ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ == ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱐–᱑᱙᱗᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱙.᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱐–᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱗.᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱙.᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱖.᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱙.᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gapminder.org/tools/#$chart-type=bubbles|title=Gapminder|last=Rosling|access-date=5 September 2018|archive-date=4 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904041729/https://www.gapminder.org/tools/#$chart-type=bubbles|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱗ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ (᱔᱑) ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ (᱒᱕) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔.᱖ ᱟᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=":5" /> ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑᱓ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱔᱑.᱑ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=":5" /> ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱗–᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱖᱗ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ (᱖᱑) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱟᱢ (᱓᱐᱐) ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱐ ᱟᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=":5" /> ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒.᱓ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱘ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (DALYs) ᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱤᱥᱪᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ (ᱜᱩᱴ DALYs ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘.᱖᱖%), ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤ.ᱳ.ᱯᱤ.ᱰᱤ (COPD) (᱔.᱘᱑%), ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱤᱭᱟ (᱔.᱖᱔%) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ (᱔.᱓᱕%) ᱾<ref name=":6" /> ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ DALYs ᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒,᱕᱙᱘.᱗᱑ DALYs), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare|title=GBD Compare|website=Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation|access-date=15 September 2021|archive-date=26 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926021552/https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱥᱚᱝᱠᱷᱭᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒.᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗% ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱑.᱑᱙ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gupta |first1=Aashish |last2=Hathi |first2=Payal |last3=Banaji |first3=Murad |last4=Gupta |first4=Prankur |last5=Kashyap |first5=Ridhi |last6=Paikra |first6=Vipul |last7=Sharma |first7=Kanika |last8=Somanchi |first8=Anmol |last9=Sudharsanan |first9=Nikkil |last10=Vyas |first10=Sangita |date=2024-07-19 |title=Large and unequal life expectancy declines during the COVID-19 pandemic in India in 2020 |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=10 |issue=29 |article-number=eadk2070 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adk2070 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=11259167 |pmid=39028821 |bibcode=2024SciA...10K2070G }}</ref> ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ-ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ 'ᱟᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ' ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱒.᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱕.᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Yashraj |title=India's hidden COVID deaths: Was the toll in 2020 eight times higher? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/20/did-covids-first-wave-kill-eight-times-more-indians-than-announced |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist|30em}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱰᱣᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ – [http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/resources/docs/country_info/profile/en_India_SoWMy_Profile.pdf ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞ] * [http://www.thelancet.com/series/india-towards-universal-health-coverage Lancet - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ: ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130228080432/http://www.dinodiacapital.com/pdfs/Indian%20Healthcare%20Industry,%20November%202012.pdf ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ, ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ – Dinodia Capital Advisors] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] 1ikukzmp3n9bmp2ama4q3ex4tj9zgjz 191744 191743 2026-05-11T11:11:47Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 added [[Category:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 191744 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Life-expectancy, 1881 to 2023, IND.svg|thumb|right|᱑᱘᱘᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] [[File:Child-mortality rate in india.png|thumb|᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱔᱕ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population, total - India {{!}} Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2024&locations=IN&start=2024&view=bar|access-date=2026-01-13|website=data.worldbank.org|archive-date=13 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113025701/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2024&locations=IN&start=2024&view=bar|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱠ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱴᱮᱠᱱᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ, ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries |url=https://humanrightsmeasurement.org/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=humanrightsmeasurement.org |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329085456/https://humanrightsmeasurement.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘᱐.᱕% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="India - HRMI Rights Tracker">{{Cite web |title=India - HRMI Rights Tracker |url=https://rightstracker.org/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=rightstracker.org |language=en |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329085646/https://rightstracker.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱙᱒.᱑% ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="India - HRMI Rights Tracker"/> ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱘᱕.᱖% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="India - HRMI Rights Tracker"/> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ" ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱖᱓.᱗% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="India - HRMI Rights Tracker"/> == ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ == ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱐–᱑᱙᱗᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱙.᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱐–᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱗.᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱙.᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱖.᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱙.᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gapminder.org/tools/#$chart-type=bubbles|title=Gapminder|last=Rosling|access-date=5 September 2018|archive-date=4 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904041729/https://www.gapminder.org/tools/#$chart-type=bubbles|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱗ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ (᱔᱑) ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ (᱒᱕) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔.᱖ ᱟᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=":5" /> ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑᱓ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱔᱑.᱑ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=":5" /> ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱗–᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱖᱗ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ (᱖᱑) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱟᱢ (᱓᱐᱐) ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱐ ᱟᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=":5" /> ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒.᱓ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱘ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (DALYs) ᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱤᱥᱪᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ (ᱜᱩᱴ DALYs ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘.᱖᱖%), ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤ.ᱳ.ᱯᱤ.ᱰᱤ (COPD) (᱔.᱘᱑%), ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱤᱭᱟ (᱔.᱖᱔%) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ (᱔.᱓᱕%) ᱾<ref name=":6" /> ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ DALYs ᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒,᱕᱙᱘.᱗᱑ DALYs), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare|title=GBD Compare|website=Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation|access-date=15 September 2021|archive-date=26 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926021552/https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱥᱚᱝᱠᱷᱭᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒.᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗% ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱑.᱑᱙ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gupta |first1=Aashish |last2=Hathi |first2=Payal |last3=Banaji |first3=Murad |last4=Gupta |first4=Prankur |last5=Kashyap |first5=Ridhi |last6=Paikra |first6=Vipul |last7=Sharma |first7=Kanika |last8=Somanchi |first8=Anmol |last9=Sudharsanan |first9=Nikkil |last10=Vyas |first10=Sangita |date=2024-07-19 |title=Large and unequal life expectancy declines during the COVID-19 pandemic in India in 2020 |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=10 |issue=29 |article-number=eadk2070 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adk2070 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=11259167 |pmid=39028821 |bibcode=2024SciA...10K2070G }}</ref> ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ-ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ 'ᱟᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ' ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱒.᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱕.᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Yashraj |title=India's hidden COVID deaths: Was the toll in 2020 eight times higher? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/20/did-covids-first-wave-kill-eight-times-more-indians-than-announced |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist|30em}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱰᱣᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ – [http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/resources/docs/country_info/profile/en_India_SoWMy_Profile.pdf ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞ] * [http://www.thelancet.com/series/india-towards-universal-health-coverage Lancet - ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ: ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130228080432/http://www.dinodiacapital.com/pdfs/Indian%20Healthcare%20Industry,%20November%202012.pdf ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ, ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ – Dinodia Capital Advisors] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] 0ssqh73o275m4guj3j7xhlb5c28oczb 14 35878 191745 2026-05-11T11:12:02Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 "+" ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191745 wikitext text/x-wiki + jsojwe0y00ox745tisb3rfxjb66ayl8 0 35879 191746 2026-05-11T11:19:10Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191746 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Community health worker gives a vaccination in Odisha state, India (8380317750).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|alt=ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]]] '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ]], ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Chatterjee">{{cite journal|author=Chatterjee, A, and VP Paily|title= Achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 in India.|journal=BJOG|volume= 118|year=2011 |issue= Suppl 2|pages=47–59 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14710528.2011.03112.x/abstract;jsessionid=A23A846362BA06FFA44116459030519C.d03t04 | doi=10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03112.x|pmid= 21951502|s2cid= 31000506|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱩᱸᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana">Ariana, Proochista and Arif Naveed. An Introduction to the Human Development Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency. London: Earthscan, 2009. 228-245. Print.</ref> ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ, ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana" /> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== 1d78b721dzqsibkbcygm3pcza642yn7 191748 191746 2026-05-11T11:22:42Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 /* ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ */ 191748 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Community health worker gives a vaccination in Odisha state, India (8380317750).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|alt=ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]]] '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ]], ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Chatterjee">{{cite journal|author=Chatterjee, A, and VP Paily|title= Achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 in India.|journal=BJOG|volume= 118|year=2011 |issue= Suppl 2|pages=47–59 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14710528.2011.03112.x/abstract;jsessionid=A23A846362BA06FFA44116459030519C.d03t04 | doi=10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03112.x|pmid= 21951502|s2cid= 31000506|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱩᱸᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana">Ariana, Proochista and Arif Naveed. An Introduction to the Human Development Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency. London: Earthscan, 2009. 228-245. Print.</ref> ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ, ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana" /> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * [http://ncw.nic.in/ National Commission for Women] * [http://www.tathapi.org/ Tathapi - a women's health resource organization] 6vid056kbnpqe9rof3ei9i689xkugnr 191749 191748 2026-05-11T11:27:10Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191749 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Community health worker gives a vaccination in Odisha state, India (8380317750).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|alt=ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]]] '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ]], ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Chatterjee">{{cite journal|author=Chatterjee, A, and VP Paily|title= Achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 in India.|journal=BJOG|volume= 118|year=2011 |issue= Suppl 2|pages=47–59 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14710528.2011.03112.x/abstract;jsessionid=A23A846362BA06FFA44116459030519C.d03t04 | doi=10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03112.x|pmid= 21951502|s2cid= 31000506|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱩᱸᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana">Ariana, Proochista and Arif Naveed. An Introduction to the Human Development Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency. London: Earthscan, 2009. 228-245. Print.</ref> ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ, ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana" /> == ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ == [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ-ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="United Nations">United Nations. [http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2011/download/ "Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All."] Human Development Report 2011. (2011): n. page. Web. 12 April 2013.</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱸᱪᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj2">{{cite journal | last1 = Raj | first1 = Anita | year = 2011 | title = Gender equity and universal health coverage in India | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62112-5 | pmid = 21227498 | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9766| pages = 618–619| s2cid = 22151807 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ, ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚᱨ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱞ-ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱚᱸᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala">{{cite journal | last1 = Balarajan | first1 = Y | last2 = Selvaraj | first2 = S | display-authors = etal | year = 2011 | title = Health care and equity in India | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9764| pages = 505–15 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61894-6| pmid = 21227492 | pmc = 3093249 | bibcode = 2011Lanc..377..505B }}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pandey|first1=Aparna|last2=Sengupta|first2=Priya Gopal|last3=Mondal|first3=Sujit Kumar|last4=Gupta|first4=Dhirendra Nath|last5=Manna|first5=Byomkesh|last6=Ghosh|first6=Subrata|last7=Sur|first7=Dipika|last8=Bhattacharya|first8=S.K.|date=2002|title=Gender Differences in Healthcare-seeking during Common Illnesses in a Rural Community of West Bengal, India|jstor=23498918|journal=Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition|volume=20|issue=4|pages=306–311|pmid=12659410 }}</ref> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱛ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj1">{{cite journal | last1 = Raj | first1 = Anita | year = 2011 | title = Sex selected abortion in India | journal = Lancet | volume = 378 | issue = 9798| pages = 1217–1218 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61535-3| pmid = 21962555 | s2cid = 20124955 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱩᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱛ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="patel">{{cite journal | last1 = Patel | first1 = Vikram | last2 = Rodrigues | first2 = Merlyn | display-authors = etal | year = 2002 | title = Gender, Poverty and Postnatal Depression: A Study of Mothers in Goa India | journal = Am J Psychiatry | volume = 159 | issue = 1| pages = 43–47 | doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.43 | pmid=11772688| s2cid = 6479675 }}</ref> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Khera|first1=R|last2=Jain|first2=S|last3=Lodha|first3=R|last4=Ramakrishnan|first4=S|title=Gender bias in child care and child health: global patterns.|journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood|date=April 2014|volume=99|issue=4|pages=369–74|pmid=24344176|doi=10.1136/archdischild-2013-303889|s2cid=36547372}}</ref><ref name="sen">{{cite journal | last1 = Sen | first1 = Gita | last2 = Iyer | first2 = Aditi | year = 2012 | title = Who gains, who loses and how: Leveraging gender and class intersections to secure health entitlements | journal = Social Science and Medicine | volume = 74 | issue = 11| pages = 1802–1811 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.035| pmid = 21741737 }}</ref> ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱛᱨᱤᱥᱚᱛᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="kimuna">{{cite journal | last1 = Kimuna | first1 = Sitawa | last2 = Yanyi | first2 = Djamba | year = 2012 | title = Domestic Violence in India: Insights From the 2005—2006 National Family Health Survey | journal = Journal of Interpersonal Violence | volume = 28 | issue = 4| pages = 773–807 | doi=10.1177/0886260512455867| pmid = 22935947 | s2cid = 206562887 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="United Nations" /> ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮ-ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱭ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱦᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="singh">{{cite journal | last1 = Singh | first1 = Ashish | year = 2012 | title = Gender based within-household inequality in childhood immunisation in India: changes over time and across regions | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0035045 | journal = PLOS ONE| volume = 7 | issue = 4| article-number = e35045 | pmid=22509379 | pmc=3324412| bibcode = 2012PLoSO...735045S | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ — ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ — ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala" /> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen" /> ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala" /> ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱳᱭ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="choi">{{cite journal | last1 = Choi | first1 = Jin | last2 = Lee | first2 = Sang-Hyop | year = 2006 | title = Does prenatal care increase access to child immunisations? Gender bias among children in India | journal = Social Science and Medicine | volume = 63 | issue = 1| pages = 107–17 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.063| pmid = 16443313 }}</ref> ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="mech">{{cite journal | last1 = Mechakra-Tahiri | first1 = Samia | last2 = Freeman | first2 = Ellen | display-authors = etal | year = 2012 | title = The gender gap in mobility: A global cross-sectional study | journal = BMC Public Health | volume = 12 | article-number = 598 | doi=10.1186/1471-2458-12-598 | pmid=22856611 | pmc=3506530 | doi-access = free }}</ref> === ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ (Cooperative conflicts) ᱦᱚᱨᱟ === ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ: ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ-ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ-ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱱᱮᱥ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱞᱤᱵᱽᱨᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ — ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2">Sen, Amartya. "Gender and cooperative conflicts." Wider Working Papers. 18. (1987) Web. 28 April 2013.</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ — ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * [http://ncw.nic.in/ National Commission for Women] * [http://www.tathapi.org/ Tathapi - a women's health resource organization] mn0qli5u8vriopvi1vv4ubnfpuotjsi 191750 191749 2026-05-11T11:27:49Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 /* ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ */ 191750 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Community health worker gives a vaccination in Odisha state, India (8380317750).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|alt=ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]]] '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ]], ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Chatterjee">{{cite journal|author=Chatterjee, A, and VP Paily|title= Achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 in India.|journal=BJOG|volume= 118|year=2011 |issue= Suppl 2|pages=47–59 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14710528.2011.03112.x/abstract;jsessionid=A23A846362BA06FFA44116459030519C.d03t04 | doi=10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03112.x|pmid= 21951502|s2cid= 31000506|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱩᱸᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana">Ariana, Proochista and Arif Naveed. An Introduction to the Human Development Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency. London: Earthscan, 2009. 228-245. Print.</ref> ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ, ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana" /> == ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ == [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ-ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="United Nations">United Nations. [http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2011/download/ "Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All."] Human Development Report 2011. (2011): n. page. Web. 12 April 2013.</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱸᱪᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj2">{{cite journal | last1 = Raj | first1 = Anita | year = 2011 | title = Gender equity and universal health coverage in India | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62112-5 | pmid = 21227498 | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9766| pages = 618–619| s2cid = 22151807 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ, ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚᱨ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱞ-ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱚᱸᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala">{{cite journal | last1 = Balarajan | first1 = Y | last2 = Selvaraj | first2 = S | display-authors = etal | year = 2011 | title = Health care and equity in India | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9764| pages = 505–15 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61894-6| pmid = 21227492 | pmc = 3093249 | bibcode = 2011Lanc..377..505B }}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pandey|first1=Aparna|last2=Sengupta|first2=Priya Gopal|last3=Mondal|first3=Sujit Kumar|last4=Gupta|first4=Dhirendra Nath|last5=Manna|first5=Byomkesh|last6=Ghosh|first6=Subrata|last7=Sur|first7=Dipika|last8=Bhattacharya|first8=S.K.|date=2002|title=Gender Differences in Healthcare-seeking during Common Illnesses in a Rural Community of West Bengal, India|jstor=23498918|journal=Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition|volume=20|issue=4|pages=306–311|pmid=12659410 }}</ref> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱛ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj1">{{cite journal | last1 = Raj | first1 = Anita | year = 2011 | title = Sex selected abortion in India | journal = Lancet | volume = 378 | issue = 9798| pages = 1217–1218 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61535-3| pmid = 21962555 | s2cid = 20124955 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱩᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱛ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="patel">{{cite journal | last1 = Patel | first1 = Vikram | last2 = Rodrigues | first2 = Merlyn | display-authors = etal | year = 2002 | title = Gender, Poverty and Postnatal Depression: A Study of Mothers in Goa India | journal = Am J Psychiatry | volume = 159 | issue = 1| pages = 43–47 | doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.43 | pmid=11772688| s2cid = 6479675 }}</ref> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Khera|first1=R|last2=Jain|first2=S|last3=Lodha|first3=R|last4=Ramakrishnan|first4=S|title=Gender bias in child care and child health: global patterns.|journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood|date=April 2014|volume=99|issue=4|pages=369–74|pmid=24344176|doi=10.1136/archdischild-2013-303889|s2cid=36547372}}</ref><ref name="sen">{{cite journal | last1 = Sen | first1 = Gita | last2 = Iyer | first2 = Aditi | year = 2012 | title = Who gains, who loses and how: Leveraging gender and class intersections to secure health entitlements | journal = Social Science and Medicine | volume = 74 | issue = 11| pages = 1802–1811 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.035| pmid = 21741737 }}</ref> ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱛᱨᱤᱥᱚᱛᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="kimuna">{{cite journal | last1 = Kimuna | first1 = Sitawa | last2 = Yanyi | first2 = Djamba | year = 2012 | title = Domestic Violence in India: Insights From the 2005—2006 National Family Health Survey | journal = Journal of Interpersonal Violence | volume = 28 | issue = 4| pages = 773–807 | doi=10.1177/0886260512455867| pmid = 22935947 | s2cid = 206562887 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="United Nations" /> ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮ-ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱭ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱦᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="singh">{{cite journal | last1 = Singh | first1 = Ashish | year = 2012 | title = Gender based within-household inequality in childhood immunisation in India: changes over time and across regions | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0035045 | journal = PLOS ONE| volume = 7 | issue = 4| article-number = e35045 | pmid=22509379 | pmc=3324412| bibcode = 2012PLoSO...735045S | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ — ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ — ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala" /> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen" /> ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala" /> ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱳᱭ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="choi">{{cite journal | last1 = Choi | first1 = Jin | last2 = Lee | first2 = Sang-Hyop | year = 2006 | title = Does prenatal care increase access to child immunisations? Gender bias among children in India | journal = Social Science and Medicine | volume = 63 | issue = 1| pages = 107–17 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.063| pmid = 16443313 }}</ref> ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="mech">{{cite journal | last1 = Mechakra-Tahiri | first1 = Samia | last2 = Freeman | first2 = Ellen | display-authors = etal | year = 2012 | title = The gender gap in mobility: A global cross-sectional study | journal = BMC Public Health | volume = 12 | article-number = 598 | doi=10.1186/1471-2458-12-598 | pmid=22856611 | pmc=3506530 | doi-access = free }}</ref> === ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ === ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ: ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ-ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ-ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱱᱮᱥ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱞᱤᱵᱽᱨᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ — ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2">Sen, Amartya. "Gender and cooperative conflicts." Wider Working Papers. 18. (1987) Web. 28 April 2013.</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ — ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * [http://ncw.nic.in/ National Commission for Women] * [http://www.tathapi.org/ Tathapi - a women's health resource organization] nae0w921tuwk4h153uqz158r3jz1n85 191752 191750 2026-05-11T11:30:27Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191752 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Community health worker gives a vaccination in Odisha state, India (8380317750).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|alt=ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]]] '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ]], ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Chatterjee">{{cite journal|author=Chatterjee, A, and VP Paily|title= Achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 in India.|journal=BJOG|volume= 118|year=2011 |issue= Suppl 2|pages=47–59 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14710528.2011.03112.x/abstract;jsessionid=A23A846362BA06FFA44116459030519C.d03t04 | doi=10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03112.x|pmid= 21951502|s2cid= 31000506|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱩᱸᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana">Ariana, Proochista and Arif Naveed. An Introduction to the Human Development Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency. London: Earthscan, 2009. 228-245. Print.</ref> ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ, ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana" /> == ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ == [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ-ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="United Nations">United Nations. [http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2011/download/ "Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All."] Human Development Report 2011. (2011): n. page. Web. 12 April 2013.</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱸᱪᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj2">{{cite journal | last1 = Raj | first1 = Anita | year = 2011 | title = Gender equity and universal health coverage in India | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62112-5 | pmid = 21227498 | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9766| pages = 618–619| s2cid = 22151807 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ, ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚᱨ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱞ-ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱚᱸᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala">{{cite journal | last1 = Balarajan | first1 = Y | last2 = Selvaraj | first2 = S | display-authors = etal | year = 2011 | title = Health care and equity in India | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9764| pages = 505–15 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61894-6| pmid = 21227492 | pmc = 3093249 | bibcode = 2011Lanc..377..505B }}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pandey|first1=Aparna|last2=Sengupta|first2=Priya Gopal|last3=Mondal|first3=Sujit Kumar|last4=Gupta|first4=Dhirendra Nath|last5=Manna|first5=Byomkesh|last6=Ghosh|first6=Subrata|last7=Sur|first7=Dipika|last8=Bhattacharya|first8=S.K.|date=2002|title=Gender Differences in Healthcare-seeking during Common Illnesses in a Rural Community of West Bengal, India|jstor=23498918|journal=Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition|volume=20|issue=4|pages=306–311|pmid=12659410 }}</ref> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱛ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj1">{{cite journal | last1 = Raj | first1 = Anita | year = 2011 | title = Sex selected abortion in India | journal = Lancet | volume = 378 | issue = 9798| pages = 1217–1218 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61535-3| pmid = 21962555 | s2cid = 20124955 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱩᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱛ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="patel">{{cite journal | last1 = Patel | first1 = Vikram | last2 = Rodrigues | first2 = Merlyn | display-authors = etal | year = 2002 | title = Gender, Poverty and Postnatal Depression: A Study of Mothers in Goa India | journal = Am J Psychiatry | volume = 159 | issue = 1| pages = 43–47 | doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.43 | pmid=11772688| s2cid = 6479675 }}</ref> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Khera|first1=R|last2=Jain|first2=S|last3=Lodha|first3=R|last4=Ramakrishnan|first4=S|title=Gender bias in child care and child health: global patterns.|journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood|date=April 2014|volume=99|issue=4|pages=369–74|pmid=24344176|doi=10.1136/archdischild-2013-303889|s2cid=36547372}}</ref><ref name="sen">{{cite journal | last1 = Sen | first1 = Gita | last2 = Iyer | first2 = Aditi | year = 2012 | title = Who gains, who loses and how: Leveraging gender and class intersections to secure health entitlements | journal = Social Science and Medicine | volume = 74 | issue = 11| pages = 1802–1811 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.035| pmid = 21741737 }}</ref> ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱛᱨᱤᱥᱚᱛᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="kimuna">{{cite journal | last1 = Kimuna | first1 = Sitawa | last2 = Yanyi | first2 = Djamba | year = 2012 | title = Domestic Violence in India: Insights From the 2005—2006 National Family Health Survey | journal = Journal of Interpersonal Violence | volume = 28 | issue = 4| pages = 773–807 | doi=10.1177/0886260512455867| pmid = 22935947 | s2cid = 206562887 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="United Nations" /> ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮ-ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱭ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱦᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="singh">{{cite journal | last1 = Singh | first1 = Ashish | year = 2012 | title = Gender based within-household inequality in childhood immunisation in India: changes over time and across regions | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0035045 | journal = PLOS ONE| volume = 7 | issue = 4| article-number = e35045 | pmid=22509379 | pmc=3324412| bibcode = 2012PLoSO...735045S | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ — ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ — ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala" /> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen" /> ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala" /> ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱳᱭ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="choi">{{cite journal | last1 = Choi | first1 = Jin | last2 = Lee | first2 = Sang-Hyop | year = 2006 | title = Does prenatal care increase access to child immunisations? Gender bias among children in India | journal = Social Science and Medicine | volume = 63 | issue = 1| pages = 107–17 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.063| pmid = 16443313 }}</ref> ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="mech">{{cite journal | last1 = Mechakra-Tahiri | first1 = Samia | last2 = Freeman | first2 = Ellen | display-authors = etal | year = 2012 | title = The gender gap in mobility: A global cross-sectional study | journal = BMC Public Health | volume = 12 | article-number = 598 | doi=10.1186/1471-2458-12-598 | pmid=22856611 | pmc=3506530 | doi-access = free }}</ref> === ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ === ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ: ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ-ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ-ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱱᱮᱥ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱞᱤᱵᱽᱨᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ — ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2">Sen, Amartya. "Gender and cooperative conflicts." Wider Working Papers. 18. (1987) Web. 28 April 2013.</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ — ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ == ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ == ᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱨᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱒᱕ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱞᱳᱯᱟᱛᱷᱤᱠ (ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ) ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="rao">{{cite journal | last1 = Rao | first1 = Mohan | last2 = Rao | first2 = Krishna | year = 2011 | title = Human resources for health in India | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61888-0 | pmid = 21227499 | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9765| pages = 587–98 | s2cid = 33914370 }}</ref> ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱖ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱐.᱕ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱞᱳᱯᱟᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="rao" /> ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="adamson">{{cite journal | last1 = Adamson | first1 = Paul | last2 = Krupp | first2 = Karl | year = 2012 | title = Are marginalised women being left behind? A population-based study of institutional deliveries in Karnataka, India | journal = BMC Public Health | volume = 12 | article-number = 30| doi = 10.1186/1471-2458-12-30 | pmid = 22240002 | pmc = 3269389 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ (NFHS II, ᱑᱙᱙᱘-᱑᱙᱙᱙) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑᱓᱒ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="adamson" /> [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱵᱚᱨᱡᱚᱥᱛᱤ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ-ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="doshi">{{cite journal | last1 = Doshi | first1 = Sonal | last2 = Gandhi | first2 = Bindi | year = 2008 | title = Women in India: The Context and Impact of HIV/AIDS | journal = Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment | volume = 17 | issue = 3–4| pages = 413–442 | doi = 10.1080/10911350802068300 | s2cid = 216113851 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ (NRHM) ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, NHRM ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱾<ref>Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, . [http://www.mohfw.nic.in/NRHM.htm "About NHRM."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923143614/http://www.mohfw.nic.in/NRHM.htm |date=23 September 2011 }} National Rural Health Mission. Government of India. Web. 28 April 2013.</ref> ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ NHRM ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="harish">{{cite journal | last1 = Nair | first1 = Harish | last2 = Panda | first2 = Rajmohan | year = 2011 | title = Quality of maternal healthcare in India: Has the rural health mission made a difference | journal = Journal of Global Health | volume = 1 | issue = 1| pages = 79–86 | pmid = 23198105 | pmc = 3484741 }}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * [http://ncw.nic.in/ National Commission for Women] * [http://www.tathapi.org/ Tathapi - a women's health resource organization] 2irxvn0zwsa5b37uml0jduzrkhvadae 191753 191752 2026-05-11T11:33:02Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191753 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Community health worker gives a vaccination in Odisha state, India (8380317750).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|alt=ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]]] '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ]], ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Chatterjee">{{cite journal|author=Chatterjee, A, and VP Paily|title= Achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 in India.|journal=BJOG|volume= 118|year=2011 |issue= Suppl 2|pages=47–59 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14710528.2011.03112.x/abstract;jsessionid=A23A846362BA06FFA44116459030519C.d03t04 | doi=10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03112.x|pmid= 21951502|s2cid= 31000506|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱩᱸᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana">Ariana, Proochista and Arif Naveed. An Introduction to the Human Development Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency. London: Earthscan, 2009. 228-245. Print.</ref> ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ, ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana" /> == ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ == [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ-ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="United Nations">United Nations. [http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2011/download/ "Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All."] Human Development Report 2011. (2011): n. page. Web. 12 April 2013.</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱸᱪᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj2">{{cite journal | last1 = Raj | first1 = Anita | year = 2011 | title = Gender equity and universal health coverage in India | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62112-5 | pmid = 21227498 | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9766| pages = 618–619| s2cid = 22151807 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ, ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚᱨ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱞ-ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱚᱸᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala">{{cite journal | last1 = Balarajan | first1 = Y | last2 = Selvaraj | first2 = S | display-authors = etal | year = 2011 | title = Health care and equity in India | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9764| pages = 505–15 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61894-6| pmid = 21227492 | pmc = 3093249 | bibcode = 2011Lanc..377..505B }}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pandey|first1=Aparna|last2=Sengupta|first2=Priya Gopal|last3=Mondal|first3=Sujit Kumar|last4=Gupta|first4=Dhirendra Nath|last5=Manna|first5=Byomkesh|last6=Ghosh|first6=Subrata|last7=Sur|first7=Dipika|last8=Bhattacharya|first8=S.K.|date=2002|title=Gender Differences in Healthcare-seeking during Common Illnesses in a Rural Community of West Bengal, India|jstor=23498918|journal=Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition|volume=20|issue=4|pages=306–311|pmid=12659410 }}</ref> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱛ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj1">{{cite journal | last1 = Raj | first1 = Anita | year = 2011 | title = Sex selected abortion in India | journal = Lancet | volume = 378 | issue = 9798| pages = 1217–1218 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61535-3| pmid = 21962555 | s2cid = 20124955 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱩᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱛ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="patel">{{cite journal | last1 = Patel | first1 = Vikram | last2 = Rodrigues | first2 = Merlyn | display-authors = etal | year = 2002 | title = Gender, Poverty and Postnatal Depression: A Study of Mothers in Goa India | journal = Am J Psychiatry | volume = 159 | issue = 1| pages = 43–47 | doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.43 | pmid=11772688| s2cid = 6479675 }}</ref> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Khera|first1=R|last2=Jain|first2=S|last3=Lodha|first3=R|last4=Ramakrishnan|first4=S|title=Gender bias in child care and child health: global patterns.|journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood|date=April 2014|volume=99|issue=4|pages=369–74|pmid=24344176|doi=10.1136/archdischild-2013-303889|s2cid=36547372}}</ref><ref name="sen">{{cite journal | last1 = Sen | first1 = Gita | last2 = Iyer | first2 = Aditi | year = 2012 | title = Who gains, who loses and how: Leveraging gender and class intersections to secure health entitlements | journal = Social Science and Medicine | volume = 74 | issue = 11| pages = 1802–1811 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.035| pmid = 21741737 }}</ref> ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱛᱨᱤᱥᱚᱛᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="kimuna">{{cite journal | last1 = Kimuna | first1 = Sitawa | last2 = Yanyi | first2 = Djamba | year = 2012 | title = Domestic Violence in India: Insights From the 2005—2006 National Family Health Survey | journal = Journal of Interpersonal Violence | volume = 28 | issue = 4| pages = 773–807 | doi=10.1177/0886260512455867| pmid = 22935947 | s2cid = 206562887 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="United Nations" /> ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮ-ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱭ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱦᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="singh">{{cite journal | last1 = Singh | first1 = Ashish | year = 2012 | title = Gender based within-household inequality in childhood immunisation in India: changes over time and across regions | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0035045 | journal = PLOS ONE| volume = 7 | issue = 4| article-number = e35045 | pmid=22509379 | pmc=3324412| bibcode = 2012PLoSO...735045S | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ — ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ — ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala" /> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen" /> ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala" /> ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱳᱭ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="choi">{{cite journal | last1 = Choi | first1 = Jin | last2 = Lee | first2 = Sang-Hyop | year = 2006 | title = Does prenatal care increase access to child immunisations? Gender bias among children in India | journal = Social Science and Medicine | volume = 63 | issue = 1| pages = 107–17 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.063| pmid = 16443313 }}</ref> ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="mech">{{cite journal | last1 = Mechakra-Tahiri | first1 = Samia | last2 = Freeman | first2 = Ellen | display-authors = etal | year = 2012 | title = The gender gap in mobility: A global cross-sectional study | journal = BMC Public Health | volume = 12 | article-number = 598 | doi=10.1186/1471-2458-12-598 | pmid=22856611 | pmc=3506530 | doi-access = free }}</ref> === ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ === ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ: ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ-ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ-ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱱᱮᱥ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱞᱤᱵᱽᱨᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ — ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2">Sen, Amartya. "Gender and cooperative conflicts." Wider Working Papers. 18. (1987) Web. 28 April 2013.</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ — ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ == ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ == ᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱨᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱒᱕ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱞᱳᱯᱟᱛᱷᱤᱠ (ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ) ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="rao">{{cite journal | last1 = Rao | first1 = Mohan | last2 = Rao | first2 = Krishna | year = 2011 | title = Human resources for health in India | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61888-0 | pmid = 21227499 | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9765| pages = 587–98 | s2cid = 33914370 }}</ref> ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱖ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱐.᱕ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱞᱳᱯᱟᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="rao" /> ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="adamson">{{cite journal | last1 = Adamson | first1 = Paul | last2 = Krupp | first2 = Karl | year = 2012 | title = Are marginalised women being left behind? A population-based study of institutional deliveries in Karnataka, India | journal = BMC Public Health | volume = 12 | article-number = 30| doi = 10.1186/1471-2458-12-30 | pmid = 22240002 | pmc = 3269389 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ (NFHS II, ᱑᱙᱙᱘-᱑᱙᱙᱙) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑᱓᱒ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="adamson" /> [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱵᱚᱨᱡᱚᱥᱛᱤ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ-ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="doshi">{{cite journal | last1 = Doshi | first1 = Sonal | last2 = Gandhi | first2 = Bindi | year = 2008 | title = Women in India: The Context and Impact of HIV/AIDS | journal = Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment | volume = 17 | issue = 3–4| pages = 413–442 | doi = 10.1080/10911350802068300 | s2cid = 216113851 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ (NRHM) ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, NHRM ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱾<ref>Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, . [http://www.mohfw.nic.in/NRHM.htm "About NHRM."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923143614/http://www.mohfw.nic.in/NRHM.htm |date=23 September 2011 }} National Rural Health Mission. Government of India. Web. 28 April 2013.</ref> ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ NHRM ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="harish">{{cite journal | last1 = Nair | first1 = Harish | last2 = Panda | first2 = Rajmohan | year = 2011 | title = Quality of maternal healthcare in India: Has the rural health mission made a difference | journal = Journal of Global Health | volume = 1 | issue = 1| pages = 79–86 | pmid = 23198105 | pmc = 3484741 }}</ref> == ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ == === ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ === ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱤᱞᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱮᱞᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ "ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱥᱤᱱᱳᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮ, ᱜᱚᱱᱰ, ᱯᱚᱨᱫᱷᱟᱱ, ᱠᱳᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ," ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱰᱨ. ᱛᱷᱳᱰᱥᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱱᱫᱩᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱱᱰ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/survey-of-tribal-women-shows-up-breast-abnormalities/article7096809.ece|title=Survey of tribal women shows up breast abnormalities|first=S. Harpal|last=Singh|date=13 April 2015|via=thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> === ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ === [[File:Women in Deogarh morning, Orissa, India.jpg|thumb|250px|ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]] ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ; ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="tarozzi">{{cite journal | last1 = Tarozzi | first1 = Alessandro | year = 2012 | title = Some Facts about Boy versus Girl Health Indicators in India: 1992—2005 | url = http://cesifo.oxfordjournals.org/content/58/2/296 | journal = CESifo Economic Studies | volume = 58 | issue = 2| pages = 296–321 | doi=10.1093/cesifo/ifs013| url-access = subscription }}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose">Jose, Sunny, and K Navaneetham. "A Factsheet on Women's Malnutrtion in India." Economic and Political Weekly. 43.33 (2008): 61-67. Web. 21 February 2013.</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱗᱐ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱗᱕ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱾<ref name="tarozzi" /> ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱨᱳᱡᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="tarozzi" /> ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose" /> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱡᱳᱥᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose" /> ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose" /> ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * [http://ncw.nic.in/ National Commission for Women] * [http://www.tathapi.org/ Tathapi - a women's health resource organization] hsyvsua85p04gxh0b2nd37rmjugeac2 191754 191753 2026-05-11T11:33:21Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 added [[Category:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 191754 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Community health worker gives a vaccination in Odisha state, India (8380317750).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|alt=ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]]] '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ]], ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Chatterjee">{{cite journal|author=Chatterjee, A, and VP Paily|title= Achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 in India.|journal=BJOG|volume= 118|year=2011 |issue= Suppl 2|pages=47–59 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14710528.2011.03112.x/abstract;jsessionid=A23A846362BA06FFA44116459030519C.d03t04 | doi=10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03112.x|pmid= 21951502|s2cid= 31000506|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱩᱸᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana">Ariana, Proochista and Arif Naveed. An Introduction to the Human Development Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency. London: Earthscan, 2009. 228-245. Print.</ref> ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ, ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana" /> == ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ == [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ-ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="United Nations">United Nations. [http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2011/download/ "Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All."] Human Development Report 2011. (2011): n. page. Web. 12 April 2013.</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱸᱪᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj2">{{cite journal | last1 = Raj | first1 = Anita | year = 2011 | title = Gender equity and universal health coverage in India | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62112-5 | pmid = 21227498 | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9766| pages = 618–619| s2cid = 22151807 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ, ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚᱨ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱞ-ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱚᱸᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala">{{cite journal | last1 = Balarajan | first1 = Y | last2 = Selvaraj | first2 = S | display-authors = etal | year = 2011 | title = Health care and equity in India | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9764| pages = 505–15 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61894-6| pmid = 21227492 | pmc = 3093249 | bibcode = 2011Lanc..377..505B }}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pandey|first1=Aparna|last2=Sengupta|first2=Priya Gopal|last3=Mondal|first3=Sujit Kumar|last4=Gupta|first4=Dhirendra Nath|last5=Manna|first5=Byomkesh|last6=Ghosh|first6=Subrata|last7=Sur|first7=Dipika|last8=Bhattacharya|first8=S.K.|date=2002|title=Gender Differences in Healthcare-seeking during Common Illnesses in a Rural Community of West Bengal, India|jstor=23498918|journal=Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition|volume=20|issue=4|pages=306–311|pmid=12659410 }}</ref> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱛ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj1">{{cite journal | last1 = Raj | first1 = Anita | year = 2011 | title = Sex selected abortion in India | journal = Lancet | volume = 378 | issue = 9798| pages = 1217–1218 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61535-3| pmid = 21962555 | s2cid = 20124955 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱩᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱛ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="patel">{{cite journal | last1 = Patel | first1 = Vikram | last2 = Rodrigues | first2 = Merlyn | display-authors = etal | year = 2002 | title = Gender, Poverty and Postnatal Depression: A Study of Mothers in Goa India | journal = Am J Psychiatry | volume = 159 | issue = 1| pages = 43–47 | doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.43 | pmid=11772688| s2cid = 6479675 }}</ref> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Khera|first1=R|last2=Jain|first2=S|last3=Lodha|first3=R|last4=Ramakrishnan|first4=S|title=Gender bias in child care and child health: global patterns.|journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood|date=April 2014|volume=99|issue=4|pages=369–74|pmid=24344176|doi=10.1136/archdischild-2013-303889|s2cid=36547372}}</ref><ref name="sen">{{cite journal | last1 = Sen | first1 = Gita | last2 = Iyer | first2 = Aditi | year = 2012 | title = Who gains, who loses and how: Leveraging gender and class intersections to secure health entitlements | journal = Social Science and Medicine | volume = 74 | issue = 11| pages = 1802–1811 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.035| pmid = 21741737 }}</ref> ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱛᱨᱤᱥᱚᱛᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="kimuna">{{cite journal | last1 = Kimuna | first1 = Sitawa | last2 = Yanyi | first2 = Djamba | year = 2012 | title = Domestic Violence in India: Insights From the 2005—2006 National Family Health Survey | journal = Journal of Interpersonal Violence | volume = 28 | issue = 4| pages = 773–807 | doi=10.1177/0886260512455867| pmid = 22935947 | s2cid = 206562887 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="United Nations" /> ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮ-ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱭ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱦᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="singh">{{cite journal | last1 = Singh | first1 = Ashish | year = 2012 | title = Gender based within-household inequality in childhood immunisation in India: changes over time and across regions | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0035045 | journal = PLOS ONE| volume = 7 | issue = 4| article-number = e35045 | pmid=22509379 | pmc=3324412| bibcode = 2012PLoSO...735045S | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ — ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ — ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala" /> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen" /> ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala" /> ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱳᱭ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="choi">{{cite journal | last1 = Choi | first1 = Jin | last2 = Lee | first2 = Sang-Hyop | year = 2006 | title = Does prenatal care increase access to child immunisations? Gender bias among children in India | journal = Social Science and Medicine | volume = 63 | issue = 1| pages = 107–17 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.063| pmid = 16443313 }}</ref> ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="mech">{{cite journal | last1 = Mechakra-Tahiri | first1 = Samia | last2 = Freeman | first2 = Ellen | display-authors = etal | year = 2012 | title = The gender gap in mobility: A global cross-sectional study | journal = BMC Public Health | volume = 12 | article-number = 598 | doi=10.1186/1471-2458-12-598 | pmid=22856611 | pmc=3506530 | doi-access = free }}</ref> === ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ === ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ: ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ-ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ-ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱱᱮᱥ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱞᱤᱵᱽᱨᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ — ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2">Sen, Amartya. "Gender and cooperative conflicts." Wider Working Papers. 18. (1987) Web. 28 April 2013.</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ — ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ == ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ == ᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱨᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱒᱕ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱞᱳᱯᱟᱛᱷᱤᱠ (ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ) ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="rao">{{cite journal | last1 = Rao | first1 = Mohan | last2 = Rao | first2 = Krishna | year = 2011 | title = Human resources for health in India | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61888-0 | pmid = 21227499 | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9765| pages = 587–98 | s2cid = 33914370 }}</ref> ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱖ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱐.᱕ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱞᱳᱯᱟᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="rao" /> ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="adamson">{{cite journal | last1 = Adamson | first1 = Paul | last2 = Krupp | first2 = Karl | year = 2012 | title = Are marginalised women being left behind? A population-based study of institutional deliveries in Karnataka, India | journal = BMC Public Health | volume = 12 | article-number = 30| doi = 10.1186/1471-2458-12-30 | pmid = 22240002 | pmc = 3269389 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ (NFHS II, ᱑᱙᱙᱘-᱑᱙᱙᱙) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑᱓᱒ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="adamson" /> [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱵᱚᱨᱡᱚᱥᱛᱤ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ-ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="doshi">{{cite journal | last1 = Doshi | first1 = Sonal | last2 = Gandhi | first2 = Bindi | year = 2008 | title = Women in India: The Context and Impact of HIV/AIDS | journal = Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment | volume = 17 | issue = 3–4| pages = 413–442 | doi = 10.1080/10911350802068300 | s2cid = 216113851 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ (NRHM) ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, NHRM ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱾<ref>Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, . [http://www.mohfw.nic.in/NRHM.htm "About NHRM."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923143614/http://www.mohfw.nic.in/NRHM.htm |date=23 September 2011 }} National Rural Health Mission. Government of India. Web. 28 April 2013.</ref> ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ NHRM ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="harish">{{cite journal | last1 = Nair | first1 = Harish | last2 = Panda | first2 = Rajmohan | year = 2011 | title = Quality of maternal healthcare in India: Has the rural health mission made a difference | journal = Journal of Global Health | volume = 1 | issue = 1| pages = 79–86 | pmid = 23198105 | pmc = 3484741 }}</ref> == ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ == === ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ === ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱤᱞᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱮᱞᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ "ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱥᱤᱱᱳᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮ, ᱜᱚᱱᱰ, ᱯᱚᱨᱫᱷᱟᱱ, ᱠᱳᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ," ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱰᱨ. ᱛᱷᱳᱰᱥᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱱᱫᱩᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱱᱰ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/survey-of-tribal-women-shows-up-breast-abnormalities/article7096809.ece|title=Survey of tribal women shows up breast abnormalities|first=S. Harpal|last=Singh|date=13 April 2015|via=thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> === ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ === [[File:Women in Deogarh morning, Orissa, India.jpg|thumb|250px|ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]] ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ; ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="tarozzi">{{cite journal | last1 = Tarozzi | first1 = Alessandro | year = 2012 | title = Some Facts about Boy versus Girl Health Indicators in India: 1992—2005 | url = http://cesifo.oxfordjournals.org/content/58/2/296 | journal = CESifo Economic Studies | volume = 58 | issue = 2| pages = 296–321 | doi=10.1093/cesifo/ifs013| url-access = subscription }}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose">Jose, Sunny, and K Navaneetham. "A Factsheet on Women's Malnutrtion in India." Economic and Political Weekly. 43.33 (2008): 61-67. Web. 21 February 2013.</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱗᱐ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱗᱕ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱾<ref name="tarozzi" /> ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱨᱳᱡᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="tarozzi" /> ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose" /> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱡᱳᱥᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose" /> ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose" /> ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * [http://ncw.nic.in/ National Commission for Women] * [http://www.tathapi.org/ Tathapi - a women's health resource organization] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] f3vttalqtd3bwkyficcjiso5ag5kq5n 191755 191754 2026-05-11T11:33:47Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 added [[Category:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 191755 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Community health worker gives a vaccination in Odisha state, India (8380317750).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|alt=ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]]] '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ]], ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Chatterjee">{{cite journal|author=Chatterjee, A, and VP Paily|title= Achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 in India.|journal=BJOG|volume= 118|year=2011 |issue= Suppl 2|pages=47–59 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14710528.2011.03112.x/abstract;jsessionid=A23A846362BA06FFA44116459030519C.d03t04 | doi=10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03112.x|pmid= 21951502|s2cid= 31000506|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱩᱸᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana">Ariana, Proochista and Arif Naveed. An Introduction to the Human Development Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency. London: Earthscan, 2009. 228-245. Print.</ref> ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ, ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana" /> == ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ == [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ-ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="United Nations">United Nations. [http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2011/download/ "Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All."] Human Development Report 2011. (2011): n. page. Web. 12 April 2013.</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱸᱪᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj2">{{cite journal | last1 = Raj | first1 = Anita | year = 2011 | title = Gender equity and universal health coverage in India | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62112-5 | pmid = 21227498 | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9766| pages = 618–619| s2cid = 22151807 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ, ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚᱨ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱞ-ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱚᱸᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala">{{cite journal | last1 = Balarajan | first1 = Y | last2 = Selvaraj | first2 = S | display-authors = etal | year = 2011 | title = Health care and equity in India | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9764| pages = 505–15 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61894-6| pmid = 21227492 | pmc = 3093249 | bibcode = 2011Lanc..377..505B }}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pandey|first1=Aparna|last2=Sengupta|first2=Priya Gopal|last3=Mondal|first3=Sujit Kumar|last4=Gupta|first4=Dhirendra Nath|last5=Manna|first5=Byomkesh|last6=Ghosh|first6=Subrata|last7=Sur|first7=Dipika|last8=Bhattacharya|first8=S.K.|date=2002|title=Gender Differences in Healthcare-seeking during Common Illnesses in a Rural Community of West Bengal, India|jstor=23498918|journal=Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition|volume=20|issue=4|pages=306–311|pmid=12659410 }}</ref> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱛ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj1">{{cite journal | last1 = Raj | first1 = Anita | year = 2011 | title = Sex selected abortion in India | journal = Lancet | volume = 378 | issue = 9798| pages = 1217–1218 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61535-3| pmid = 21962555 | s2cid = 20124955 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱩᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱛ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="patel">{{cite journal | last1 = Patel | first1 = Vikram | last2 = Rodrigues | first2 = Merlyn | display-authors = etal | year = 2002 | title = Gender, Poverty and Postnatal Depression: A Study of Mothers in Goa India | journal = Am J Psychiatry | volume = 159 | issue = 1| pages = 43–47 | doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.43 | pmid=11772688| s2cid = 6479675 }}</ref> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Khera|first1=R|last2=Jain|first2=S|last3=Lodha|first3=R|last4=Ramakrishnan|first4=S|title=Gender bias in child care and child health: global patterns.|journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood|date=April 2014|volume=99|issue=4|pages=369–74|pmid=24344176|doi=10.1136/archdischild-2013-303889|s2cid=36547372}}</ref><ref name="sen">{{cite journal | last1 = Sen | first1 = Gita | last2 = Iyer | first2 = Aditi | year = 2012 | title = Who gains, who loses and how: Leveraging gender and class intersections to secure health entitlements | journal = Social Science and Medicine | volume = 74 | issue = 11| pages = 1802–1811 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.035| pmid = 21741737 }}</ref> ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱛᱨᱤᱥᱚᱛᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="kimuna">{{cite journal | last1 = Kimuna | first1 = Sitawa | last2 = Yanyi | first2 = Djamba | year = 2012 | title = Domestic Violence in India: Insights From the 2005—2006 National Family Health Survey | journal = Journal of Interpersonal Violence | volume = 28 | issue = 4| pages = 773–807 | doi=10.1177/0886260512455867| pmid = 22935947 | s2cid = 206562887 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="United Nations" /> ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮ-ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱭ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱦᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="singh">{{cite journal | last1 = Singh | first1 = Ashish | year = 2012 | title = Gender based within-household inequality in childhood immunisation in India: changes over time and across regions | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0035045 | journal = PLOS ONE| volume = 7 | issue = 4| article-number = e35045 | pmid=22509379 | pmc=3324412| bibcode = 2012PLoSO...735045S | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ — ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ — ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala" /> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen" /> ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala" /> ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱳᱭ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="choi">{{cite journal | last1 = Choi | first1 = Jin | last2 = Lee | first2 = Sang-Hyop | year = 2006 | title = Does prenatal care increase access to child immunisations? Gender bias among children in India | journal = Social Science and Medicine | volume = 63 | issue = 1| pages = 107–17 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.063| pmid = 16443313 }}</ref> ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="mech">{{cite journal | last1 = Mechakra-Tahiri | first1 = Samia | last2 = Freeman | first2 = Ellen | display-authors = etal | year = 2012 | title = The gender gap in mobility: A global cross-sectional study | journal = BMC Public Health | volume = 12 | article-number = 598 | doi=10.1186/1471-2458-12-598 | pmid=22856611 | pmc=3506530 | doi-access = free }}</ref> === ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ === ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ: ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ-ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ-ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱱᱮᱥ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱞᱤᱵᱽᱨᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ — ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2">Sen, Amartya. "Gender and cooperative conflicts." Wider Working Papers. 18. (1987) Web. 28 April 2013.</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ — ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ == ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ == ᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱨᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱒᱕ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱞᱳᱯᱟᱛᱷᱤᱠ (ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ) ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="rao">{{cite journal | last1 = Rao | first1 = Mohan | last2 = Rao | first2 = Krishna | year = 2011 | title = Human resources for health in India | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61888-0 | pmid = 21227499 | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9765| pages = 587–98 | s2cid = 33914370 }}</ref> ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱖ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱐.᱕ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱞᱳᱯᱟᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="rao" /> ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="adamson">{{cite journal | last1 = Adamson | first1 = Paul | last2 = Krupp | first2 = Karl | year = 2012 | title = Are marginalised women being left behind? A population-based study of institutional deliveries in Karnataka, India | journal = BMC Public Health | volume = 12 | article-number = 30| doi = 10.1186/1471-2458-12-30 | pmid = 22240002 | pmc = 3269389 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ (NFHS II, ᱑᱙᱙᱘-᱑᱙᱙᱙) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑᱓᱒ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="adamson" /> [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱵᱚᱨᱡᱚᱥᱛᱤ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ-ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="doshi">{{cite journal | last1 = Doshi | first1 = Sonal | last2 = Gandhi | first2 = Bindi | year = 2008 | title = Women in India: The Context and Impact of HIV/AIDS | journal = Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment | volume = 17 | issue = 3–4| pages = 413–442 | doi = 10.1080/10911350802068300 | s2cid = 216113851 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ (NRHM) ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, NHRM ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱾<ref>Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, . [http://www.mohfw.nic.in/NRHM.htm "About NHRM."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923143614/http://www.mohfw.nic.in/NRHM.htm |date=23 September 2011 }} National Rural Health Mission. Government of India. Web. 28 April 2013.</ref> ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ NHRM ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="harish">{{cite journal | last1 = Nair | first1 = Harish | last2 = Panda | first2 = Rajmohan | year = 2011 | title = Quality of maternal healthcare in India: Has the rural health mission made a difference | journal = Journal of Global Health | volume = 1 | issue = 1| pages = 79–86 | pmid = 23198105 | pmc = 3484741 }}</ref> == ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ == === ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ === ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱤᱞᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱮᱞᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ "ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱥᱤᱱᱳᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮ, ᱜᱚᱱᱰ, ᱯᱚᱨᱫᱷᱟᱱ, ᱠᱳᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ," ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱰᱨ. ᱛᱷᱳᱰᱥᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱱᱫᱩᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱱᱰ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/survey-of-tribal-women-shows-up-breast-abnormalities/article7096809.ece|title=Survey of tribal women shows up breast abnormalities|first=S. Harpal|last=Singh|date=13 April 2015|via=thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> === ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ === [[File:Women in Deogarh morning, Orissa, India.jpg|thumb|250px|ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]] ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ; ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="tarozzi">{{cite journal | last1 = Tarozzi | first1 = Alessandro | year = 2012 | title = Some Facts about Boy versus Girl Health Indicators in India: 1992—2005 | url = http://cesifo.oxfordjournals.org/content/58/2/296 | journal = CESifo Economic Studies | volume = 58 | issue = 2| pages = 296–321 | doi=10.1093/cesifo/ifs013| url-access = subscription }}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose">Jose, Sunny, and K Navaneetham. "A Factsheet on Women's Malnutrtion in India." Economic and Political Weekly. 43.33 (2008): 61-67. Web. 21 February 2013.</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱗᱐ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱗᱕ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱾<ref name="tarozzi" /> ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱨᱳᱡᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="tarozzi" /> ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose" /> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱡᱳᱥᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose" /> ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose" /> ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * [http://ncw.nic.in/ National Commission for Women] * [http://www.tathapi.org/ Tathapi - a women's health resource organization] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] ppbz8e2p0bl5s375puuidolr722rj5d 191756 191755 2026-05-11T11:35:32Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 /* ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ */ + 191756 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Community health worker gives a vaccination in Odisha state, India (8380317750).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|alt=ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]]] '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ]], ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Chatterjee">{{cite journal|author=Chatterjee, A, and VP Paily|title= Achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 in India.|journal=BJOG|volume= 118|year=2011 |issue= Suppl 2|pages=47–59 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14710528.2011.03112.x/abstract;jsessionid=A23A846362BA06FFA44116459030519C.d03t04 | doi=10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03112.x|pmid= 21951502|s2cid= 31000506|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱩᱸᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana">Ariana, Proochista and Arif Naveed. An Introduction to the Human Development Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency. London: Earthscan, 2009. 228-245. Print.</ref> ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ, ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ariana" /> == ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ == [[File:Changing lives Ante and post natal care for mums and babies in Orissa (6835364123).jpg|thumb|332x332px|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱤᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱾]] [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ-ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="United Nations">United Nations. [http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2011/download/ "Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All."] Human Development Report 2011. (2011): n. page. Web. 12 April 2013.</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱸᱪᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj2">{{cite journal | last1 = Raj | first1 = Anita | year = 2011 | title = Gender equity and universal health coverage in India | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62112-5 | pmid = 21227498 | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9766| pages = 618–619| s2cid = 22151807 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚᱨ, ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚᱨ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱞ-ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱚᱸᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala">{{cite journal | last1 = Balarajan | first1 = Y | last2 = Selvaraj | first2 = S | display-authors = etal | year = 2011 | title = Health care and equity in India | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9764| pages = 505–15 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61894-6| pmid = 21227492 | pmc = 3093249 | bibcode = 2011Lanc..377..505B }}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pandey|first1=Aparna|last2=Sengupta|first2=Priya Gopal|last3=Mondal|first3=Sujit Kumar|last4=Gupta|first4=Dhirendra Nath|last5=Manna|first5=Byomkesh|last6=Ghosh|first6=Subrata|last7=Sur|first7=Dipika|last8=Bhattacharya|first8=S.K.|date=2002|title=Gender Differences in Healthcare-seeking during Common Illnesses in a Rural Community of West Bengal, India|jstor=23498918|journal=Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition|volume=20|issue=4|pages=306–311|pmid=12659410 }}</ref> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱛ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj1">{{cite journal | last1 = Raj | first1 = Anita | year = 2011 | title = Sex selected abortion in India | journal = Lancet | volume = 378 | issue = 9798| pages = 1217–1218 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61535-3| pmid = 21962555 | s2cid = 20124955 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱩᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱛ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="patel">{{cite journal | last1 = Patel | first1 = Vikram | last2 = Rodrigues | first2 = Merlyn | display-authors = etal | year = 2002 | title = Gender, Poverty and Postnatal Depression: A Study of Mothers in Goa India | journal = Am J Psychiatry | volume = 159 | issue = 1| pages = 43–47 | doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.43 | pmid=11772688| s2cid = 6479675 }}</ref> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Khera|first1=R|last2=Jain|first2=S|last3=Lodha|first3=R|last4=Ramakrishnan|first4=S|title=Gender bias in child care and child health: global patterns.|journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood|date=April 2014|volume=99|issue=4|pages=369–74|pmid=24344176|doi=10.1136/archdischild-2013-303889|s2cid=36547372}}</ref><ref name="sen">{{cite journal | last1 = Sen | first1 = Gita | last2 = Iyer | first2 = Aditi | year = 2012 | title = Who gains, who loses and how: Leveraging gender and class intersections to secure health entitlements | journal = Social Science and Medicine | volume = 74 | issue = 11| pages = 1802–1811 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.035| pmid = 21741737 }}</ref> ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱛᱨᱤᱥᱚᱛᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="kimuna">{{cite journal | last1 = Kimuna | first1 = Sitawa | last2 = Yanyi | first2 = Djamba | year = 2012 | title = Domestic Violence in India: Insights From the 2005—2006 National Family Health Survey | journal = Journal of Interpersonal Violence | volume = 28 | issue = 4| pages = 773–807 | doi=10.1177/0886260512455867| pmid = 22935947 | s2cid = 206562887 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="United Nations" /> ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮ-ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱭ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱦᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="singh">{{cite journal | last1 = Singh | first1 = Ashish | year = 2012 | title = Gender based within-household inequality in childhood immunisation in India: changes over time and across regions | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0035045 | journal = PLOS ONE| volume = 7 | issue = 4| article-number = e35045 | pmid=22509379 | pmc=3324412| bibcode = 2012PLoSO...735045S | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ — ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ — ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="raj2" /> ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala" /> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen" /> ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="bala" /> ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱳᱭ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="choi">{{cite journal | last1 = Choi | first1 = Jin | last2 = Lee | first2 = Sang-Hyop | year = 2006 | title = Does prenatal care increase access to child immunisations? Gender bias among children in India | journal = Social Science and Medicine | volume = 63 | issue = 1| pages = 107–17 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.063| pmid = 16443313 }}</ref> ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="mech">{{cite journal | last1 = Mechakra-Tahiri | first1 = Samia | last2 = Freeman | first2 = Ellen | display-authors = etal | year = 2012 | title = The gender gap in mobility: A global cross-sectional study | journal = BMC Public Health | volume = 12 | article-number = 598 | doi=10.1186/1471-2458-12-598 | pmid=22856611 | pmc=3506530 | doi-access = free }}</ref> === ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ === ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ: ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ-ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ-ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱱᱮᱥ ᱤᱠᱩᱣᱤᱞᱤᱵᱽᱨᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ — ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱮᱠᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱯᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2">Sen, Amartya. "Gender and cooperative conflicts." Wider Working Papers. 18. (1987) Web. 28 April 2013.</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ — ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="sen2" /> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ == ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ == ᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱨᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱒᱕ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱞᱳᱯᱟᱛᱷᱤᱠ (ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ) ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="rao">{{cite journal | last1 = Rao | first1 = Mohan | last2 = Rao | first2 = Krishna | year = 2011 | title = Human resources for health in India | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61888-0 | pmid = 21227499 | journal = Lancet | volume = 377 | issue = 9765| pages = 587–98 | s2cid = 33914370 }}</ref> ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱖ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱐.᱕ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱞᱳᱯᱟᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="rao" /> ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="adamson">{{cite journal | last1 = Adamson | first1 = Paul | last2 = Krupp | first2 = Karl | year = 2012 | title = Are marginalised women being left behind? A population-based study of institutional deliveries in Karnataka, India | journal = BMC Public Health | volume = 12 | article-number = 30| doi = 10.1186/1471-2458-12-30 | pmid = 22240002 | pmc = 3269389 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ (NFHS II, ᱑᱙᱙᱘-᱑᱙᱙᱙) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑᱓᱒ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="adamson" /> [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱵᱚᱨᱡᱚᱥᱛᱤ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ-ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="doshi">{{cite journal | last1 = Doshi | first1 = Sonal | last2 = Gandhi | first2 = Bindi | year = 2008 | title = Women in India: The Context and Impact of HIV/AIDS | journal = Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment | volume = 17 | issue = 3–4| pages = 413–442 | doi = 10.1080/10911350802068300 | s2cid = 216113851 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ (NRHM) ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, NHRM ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱾<ref>Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, . [http://www.mohfw.nic.in/NRHM.htm "About NHRM."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923143614/http://www.mohfw.nic.in/NRHM.htm |date=23 September 2011 }} National Rural Health Mission. Government of India. Web. 28 April 2013.</ref> ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ NHRM ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="harish">{{cite journal | last1 = Nair | first1 = Harish | last2 = Panda | first2 = Rajmohan | year = 2011 | title = Quality of maternal healthcare in India: Has the rural health mission made a difference | journal = Journal of Global Health | volume = 1 | issue = 1| pages = 79–86 | pmid = 23198105 | pmc = 3484741 }}</ref> == ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ == === ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ === ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱤᱞᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱮᱞᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ "ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱥᱤᱱᱳᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮ, ᱜᱚᱱᱰ, ᱯᱚᱨᱫᱷᱟᱱ, ᱠᱳᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ," ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱰᱨ. ᱛᱷᱳᱰᱥᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱱᱫᱩᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱱᱰ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/survey-of-tribal-women-shows-up-breast-abnormalities/article7096809.ece|title=Survey of tribal women shows up breast abnormalities|first=S. Harpal|last=Singh|date=13 April 2015|via=thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> === ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ === [[File:Women in Deogarh morning, Orissa, India.jpg|thumb|250px|ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]] ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ; ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="tarozzi">{{cite journal | last1 = Tarozzi | first1 = Alessandro | year = 2012 | title = Some Facts about Boy versus Girl Health Indicators in India: 1992—2005 | url = http://cesifo.oxfordjournals.org/content/58/2/296 | journal = CESifo Economic Studies | volume = 58 | issue = 2| pages = 296–321 | doi=10.1093/cesifo/ifs013| url-access = subscription }}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose">Jose, Sunny, and K Navaneetham. "A Factsheet on Women's Malnutrtion in India." Economic and Political Weekly. 43.33 (2008): 61-67. Web. 21 February 2013.</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱗᱐ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱗᱕ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱾<ref name="tarozzi" /> ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱨᱳᱡᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="tarozzi" /> ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose" /> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱡᱳᱥᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose" /> ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="jose" /> ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * [http://ncw.nic.in/ National Commission for Women] * [http://www.tathapi.org/ Tathapi - a women's health resource organization] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] i3eda1y63axz5p76c0mgnmnyityy0qe 0 35880 191751 2026-05-11T11:27:53Z MT731 2184 "{{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | push..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3 | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.8685|N|88.8045|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 6.5095 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 5394 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱗᱓᱕᱒᱐᱖ | area_code_type = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ/ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = ᱐᱓᱕᱖᱒ | registration_plate = WB | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ]] | website = {{URL|jalpaiguri.gov.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱴᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱢᱚᱴᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤ]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=410| height=350| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|26|50|0|N|88|44|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱢᱟᱞ, ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱴᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ'''<br/>CT: ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, R: ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, C: ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ, NP: ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ/ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ, TE: ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ<br/>ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ – TG ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ (ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ / ᱟᱹᱛᱩ), TE ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ, JRS: ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ<br/>ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ |mark-coord1={{coord|26|52|30|N|88|44|10|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Malbazar| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|53|1|N|88|47|53|E}}| label-pos2=top|label2=Chalsa| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[ᱪᱟᱞᱥᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] (CT) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|52|6|N|88|48|16|E}}| label-pos3=bottom|label3= Mangalbari| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ (CT)|shape-color3=black| label-size3=13|label-color3=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --> |mark-coord4={{coord|26|43|6|N|88|45|57|E}}| label-pos4=bottom|label4= Lataguri| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[ᱞᱟᱴᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord5={{coord|26|56|49|N|88|48|44|E}}| label-pos5=right|label5= Matelli| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[ᱢᱚᱴᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤᱦᱟᱴ]] (CT) |mark-coord6={{coord|26|52|20|N|88|37|17|E}}| label-pos6=left|label6= Odlabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[ᱳᱰᱞᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord7={{coord|26|50|20|N|88|37|1|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7= Dakshin Odlabari| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱳᱰᱞᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord8={{coord|26|53|57|N|88|35|4|E}}| label-pos8=left|label8=Bagrakote| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱳᱴ]] (R)|shape-color8= #A42222 |mark-coord9={{coord|26|50|10|N|88|47|43|E}}| label-pos9=bottom|label9=Batabari TG| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[ᱵᱟᱴᱟᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱪᱟ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (R)|shape-color9= #A42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|26|52|10|N|88|40|1|E}}| label-pos10=top|label10=Dam Dim| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[ᱰᱟᱢ ᱰᱤᱢ]] (R)|shape-color10= #A42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|45|5|N|88|35|8|E}}| label-pos11=left|label11=Gajoldoba| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[ᱜᱟᱡᱳᱰᱳᱵᱟ]] (R)|shape-color11= #A42222 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|54|33|N|88|43|39|E}}| label-pos12=left|label12=Gurjangjhora TG| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[ᱜᱩᱨᱡᱟᱝᱡᱷᱳᱲᱟ ᱪᱟ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (R)|shape-color12= #A42222 |mark-coord13={{coord|26|50|5|N|88|49|31|E}}| label-pos13=right|label13=Murti| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|26|53|12|N|88|54|55|E}}| label-pos14=right|label14=Nagrakata| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222 |mark-coord15={{coord|26|59|24|N|88|48|42|E}}| label-pos15=left|label15=Samsing| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[ᱥᱟᱢᱥᱤᱝ]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222 |mark-coord16={{coord|26|51|52|N|88|54|23|E}}| label-pos16=right|label16=Sulkapara| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[ᱥᱩᱞᱠᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ]] (R)|shape-color16= #A42222 |mark-coord17={{coord|26|56|30|N|88|46|14|E}}| label-pos17=left|label17=Zurantee TG| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱱᱴᱤ ᱪᱟ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (R)|shape-color17= #A42222 |mark-coord18={{coord|26|55|13|N|88|41|3|E}}| label-pos18= left |label18= Meenglas TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[ᱢᱤᱝᱞᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱥ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱪᱟ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B |mark-coord19={{coord|26|51|34|N|88|35|21|E}}| label-pos19= left |label19= Leesh River TE | numbered19=TE| mark-title19= [[ᱢᱤᱝᱞᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱥ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱪᱟ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color19=#87A96B |mark-coord20={{coord|26|58|0|N|88|55|10|E}}| label-pos20= bottom |label20= Hope TE | numbered20=TE| mark-title20= [[ᱦᱳᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱴᱤ ᱪᱟ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color20=#87A96B |mark-coord21={{coord|26|58|54|N|88|55|39|E}}| label-pos21= right |label21= Jiti TE | numbered21=TE| mark-title21= [[ᱦᱳᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱴᱤ ᱪᱟ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color21=#87A96B |mark-coord22={{coord|26|57|47|N|88|46|59|E}}| label-pos22= left |label22= Chalouni TE | numbered22=TE| mark-title22= [[ᱪᱟᱞᱳᱣᱱᱤ, ᱟᱭᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱞᱥᱟ ᱪᱟ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color22=#87A96B |mark-coord23={{coord|26|55|0|N|88|47|10|E}}| label-pos23= right |label23= Aibheeli TE | numbered23=TE| mark-title23= [[ᱪᱟᱞᱳᱣᱱᱤ, ᱟᱭᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱞᱥᱟ ᱪᱟ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color23=#87A96B |mark-coord24={{coord|26|56|3|N|88|50|15|E}}| label-pos24= right |label24= Chalsa TE | numbered24=TE| mark-title24= [[ᱪᱟᱞᱳᱣᱱᱤ, ᱟᱭᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱞᱥᱟ ᱪᱟ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color24=#87A96B |mark-coord25={{coord|26|46|20|N|88|48|0|E}}| label-pos25=bottom|label25=Gorumara |labela25= National| labelb25= Park| numbered25=NP| mark-title25= [[ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (NP)| shape-color25=#228B22 |mark-coord26={{coord|26|54|20|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos26=bottom|label26=Chapramari |labela26= Wildlife| labelb26= Sanctuary| numbered26=NP| mark-title26= [[ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱨ]] (NP)| shape-color26=#228B22 |mark-coord27={{coord|26|39|40|N|88|38|40|E}}|label27= ᱴᱤᱥᱴᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=60| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27=none |mark-coord28={{coord|26|49|0|N|88|57|0|E}}|label28= ᱜᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=-45| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28=none |mark-coord29={{coord|26|41|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label29= ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=80| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29=none |arc-coordA={{coord|27|1|0|N|88|55|0|E}}|arc-textA= ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=20| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ {{coord|26.8685|N|88.8045|E|display=inline}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ=== [[ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ [[ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = https://northbengaltourism.com/malbazar/ |title = Malbazar |publisher= North Bengal Tourism | accessdate = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.north-bengal.com/dooars.html |title = Dooars Tour |publisher= North Bengal Tourism | accessdate = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱘.᱖᱒% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑.᱓᱒% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |accessdate = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 13 July 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱒᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | accessdate = 13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | accessdate = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ CT (ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ R (ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ / ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ TE ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ <small>ᱱᱳᱴ: ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱝᱠ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾</small> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱕,᱓᱙᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱒,᱙᱗᱒ (᱕᱐%) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒,᱙᱖᱒ (᱕᱐%) ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱖᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱓,᱗᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱗᱐.᱓᱖% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 4 July 2020}}</ref> ==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ== ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ'', ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖.᱕᱐᱙᱕ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱷᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨᱦᱮᱰ ᱴᱮᱝᱠ, ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱟᱢᱯ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱘᱓᱑ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱕᱐ ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱷᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱠᱤᱥᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱰᱤᱥᱯᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤ/ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱣᱮᱴᱮᱨᱤᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱞ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱨᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Jalpaiguri, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 451-453: Statement I: Status and Growth History, Pages 454-455: Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Pages 456-457: Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 458-459: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 460—463: Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 464: Statement VI: Industry and Banking | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |accessdate = 26 June 2020}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * {{Wikivoyage inline|ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ}} * {{Wikivoyage inline|ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ}} {{ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] rjoy4jj6nod0ykmabn2cz306bqyevli