ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ satwiki https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.6 first-letter ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ TimedText TimedText talk ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ Event Event talk 0 1268 192822 144885 2026-06-14T15:01:14Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 192822 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yaks still provide the best way to plow fields in Tibet.jpg|thumb|ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ]]'''ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱞ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱭᱩᱜ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ BC ᱕᱕᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱚᱯᱚᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱩᱰᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱤᱛᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱜᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱵᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱟ ᱜᱮᱞᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱯᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱞ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱚᱯᱷᱟᱛ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱾ ==ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ== ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱞᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱢᱤᱥᱛᱨᱤ ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱵᱩᱰᱟᱹᱜ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱛᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ- *᱑) ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱞ *᱒)ᱤᱥᱤ *᱓)ᱟᱨᱟᱬ *᱔)ᱯᱟᱞ *᱕)ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱞᱮ *᱖)ᱡᱚᱲᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱮᱨ *᱗)ᱠᱟᱬᱵᱟ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱬᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱭᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ==ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱦᱮᱞ== [[File:Plough.JPG|thumb|ᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱭᱩᱜ]] ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱢᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱭᱩᱜ, ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱜ, ᱞᱚᱥᱚᱫ, ᱤᱨᱩᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱞᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱠᱚ== * [http://www.rotherhamweb.co.uk/h/plough.htm The Rotherham Plough] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924092217/http://www.rotherhamweb.co.uk/h/plough.htm |date=2015-09-24 }}&nbsp;— ''the first commercially successful iron plough'' * [http://www.deere.com/en_US/compinfo/history/index.html History of the steel plough]&nbsp;— ''as developed by John Deere in the United States'' * [http://www.antiquefarmtools.info/ Breast Ploughs and other antique hand farm tools] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324200911/http://www.antiquefarmtools.info/ |date=2010-03-24 }} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=yt8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA877#v=onepage&q=&f=true "Tractor Guide Saves Labor for the Farmer"], '''Popular Mechanics''', December 1934. [[Category:!Main category]] ocvl83ntpjjqacfgbi99cd2us9gub4j 0 2072 192819 175384 2026-06-14T13:27:23Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 192819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ | nativename = {{lang|ps|پښتو}}<br/>{{transl|ps|Pax̌tó}} | pronunciation = {{IPA-ps|pəʂt̪oˈ&#93;, &#91;pʊxt̪oˈ|}} | states = [[ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] | ethnicity = [[ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱩᱱ]] | speakers = ᱔᱐-᱖᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ | date = <!--| ref = <ref name="Ethnologue">{{e22|Pus}} (38 million)</ref><ref name="Penzl" /><ref>[[Nationalencyklopedin]] "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 38 Largest Languages in 2007 (39 million)</ref><ref name="ELL2">{{ELL2|Pashto|author=D. Septfonds| chapter = Pashto}} (40 million)</ref>--> | familycolor = [[ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ|ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] | fam2 = [[ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] | fam3 = [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] | fam4 = [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] | dialects = [[ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ]] | stand1 = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ]] | stand2 = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ]] | stand3 = [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ]] | script = [[ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ|ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱼᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] {{smaller|([[ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]])}} | nation = [[File:Flag of Afghanistan.svg|22x20px]] [[ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]]<ref name="AC" /> | minority = {{Collapsible list |titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;|title=[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|22x20px]] [[ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&pg=PA845|date=6 April 2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-087775-4|pages=845–}}</ref>| |[[File:Flag of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.svg|22x20px]] [[ᱠᱷᱚᱭᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱷᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱣᱟ]] |[[File:Flag of Balochistan.svg|22x20px]] [[ᱵᱮᱞᱚᱪᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ (ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ)|ᱵᱮᱞᱚᱪᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] }} | agency = [[:en:Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan|ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ]] (ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ)<br />[[ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ]] (ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ) | iso1 = ps | iso1comment = – ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ, ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ | iso2 = pus | iso2comment = – ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ, ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ | iso3 = pus | iso3comment = – ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ, ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ | lc1 = pst | ld1 = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ]] | lc2 = pbu | ld2 = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ]] | lc3 = pbt | ld3 = [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ]] | lc4 = wne | ld4 = [[Wanetsi]] | lingua = 58-ABD-a | image = Pashto.svg | imagecaption = ''ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ'' ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ [[:en:Pashto alphabet|ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ | map = Map of Pashto-speaking areas in Afghanistan and Pakistan.svg | mapalt = A map of Pashto-speaking areas | mapcaption = ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ: {{legend|#ca52eb|ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}} {{legend|#e8beff|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ}} | notice = IPA | image_size = 200px | glotto = pash1269 | glottoname = Pashto }} '''ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ''' (ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ: پښتو) ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱠᱷᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱚᱜᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱩᱱ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ-ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱩᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱟᱠᱷᱴᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ᱾ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱨᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱕-᱖᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ==ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ== ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ<ref name="Pashto-language">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/445534/Pashto-language |title=Pashto language |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=2010-12-07}}</ref> ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ, ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ- ᱯᱟᱪᱷᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱷᱮ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱨᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱰᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ 45 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 60% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af&regionCode=sas&#af|title=Languages: Afghanistan|work=Central Intelligence Agency|publisher=The World Factbook|accessdate=2010-09-18|archive-date=2013-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015094344/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af&regionCode=sas&#af|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world|last1=Brown|first1=Keith|authorlink=|author2=Sarah Ogilvie|volume=|edition=|year=2009|publisher=Elsevie|quote=''Pashto, which is mainly spoken south of the mountain range of the Hindu Kush, is reportedly the mother tongue of 60% of the Afghan population.''|location=|isbn=0-08-087774-5|page=845|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA845#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=2012-04-07}}</ref><ref name="UCLA">{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=64&menu=004 |title=Pashto |publisher=[[University of California, Los Angeles]] |work=UCLA International Institute: Center for World Languages |accessdate=2010-12-10 |archive-date=2009-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103185916/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=64&menu=004 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ 38 ᱱᱤᱡᱩᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, 2017 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ (census) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 15% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱨᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱷᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱭᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱷᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱵᱮᱞᱚᱪᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱨᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="pbs">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2009/07/karachis_invisi.html|title=Karachi's Invisible Enemy|author=Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy|date=2009-07-17|publisher=PBS|accessdate=2010-08-24}}</ref> ==ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ== ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ''ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ'' ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ "ᱯᱟᱠᱷᱛᱚ" ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱟᱱᱛᱮᱥᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ==ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ== * ᱫᱩᱨᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱥᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱰᱩᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ) *ᱠᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱥᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ- ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ) *ᱥᱷᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ *ᱢᱟᱨᱣᱟᱛ - ᱵᱮᱛᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ *ᱣᱟᱱᱮᱛᱥᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱟᱱᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ== * ᱠᱟᱛᱛᱟᱠ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ *ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱪᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ *ᱫᱟᱣᱟᱨᱞᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ *ᱢᱟᱥᱤᱫᱽᱣᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ *ᱧᱟᱡᱤᱨᱣᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==ᱠᱚ'ᱭᱮ' ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ== *ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱜᱷᱤᱞᱡᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ - ᱯᱟᱪᱷᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ *ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ *ᱭᱟᱥᱩᱯᱷᱡᱟᱭ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱴᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ== *ᱛᱟᱱᱤᱣᱚᱞᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ *ᱠᱷᱳᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ *ᱡᱥᱫᱽᱨᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ *ᱵᱟᱝᱥᱟ-ᱚᱨᱟᱠᱡᱟᱭ-ᱛᱩᱨᱤ-ᱡᱟᱡᱤ-ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ *ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱫᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ *ᱠᱷᱚᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ *ᱣᱟᱨᱫᱟᱠ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ== ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱨᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱟᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱛᱩᱠ, ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱮᱠᱚ᱾ ᱚᱞᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱚ 17 ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱛᱛᱟᱠ (1613-1689), ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱢᱥᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ (1650-1715), ᱛᱟᱠᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱠᱚᱵᱤ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱵᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱭᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱷᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱫᱩᱨᱨᱟᱱᱤ (1722-1772), ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱫᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱲᱪᱟᱲᱚᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱦᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱷᱟᱦ ᱫᱩᱨᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ '''ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱛ-ᱟᱞ-ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤ'' (ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱞ [ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ]") ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{InterWiki|code=ps}} {{commons category|Pashto language}} {{Wikivoyage|Pashto phrasebook}} * [http://www.thepashto.com/ Pashto Dictionary with Phonetic Keyboard & Auto-Suggestion] * [https://pukhtoogle.com/pashto Pashto Phonetic Keyboard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925104530/https://pukhtoogle.com/pashto/ |date=2022-09-25 }} * [http://www.khyber.org/publications/pdf/pashtolangformation.pdf Pashto Language & Identity Formation in Pakistan] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171011130141/http://people.ku.edu/~mmth/Some_Indic_features_in_Pashto.pdf Indo-Aryan identity of Pashto] * [[Henry George Raverty]]. [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/raverty/ ''A Dictionary of the Puk'hto, Pus'hto, or Language of the Afghans'']. Second edition, with considerable additions. London: Williams and Norgate, 1867. * D. N. MacKenzie, [http://www.khyber.org/publications/026-030/standardpashto.shtml "A Standard Pashto"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301002711/http://www.khyber.org/publications/026-030/standardpashto.shtml |date=2021-03-01 }}, Khyber.org * [http://www.qamosona.com/ Freeware Online Pashto Dictionaries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131073107/http://www.qamosona.com/ |date=2010-01-31 }} * [http://www.yorku.ca/twainweb/troberts/pashto/pashlex1.html A Pashto Word List] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111223185020/http://www.afghanwiki.com/en/index.php?title=Pashto Origins of Pashto] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130310001121/http://uiuc.libguides.com/content.php?pid=194326&sid=1628823 Resources for the Study of the Pashto Language] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱒᱐᱑᱘]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ== *[[ᱥᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} f5pf7waupav28xjp784166yr11li4w5 0 24619 192823 192805 2026-06-14T15:16:32Z MT731 2184 192823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox station | name = ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = Ramgarh Cantt Station.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱠᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱵᱳᱨᱰ | address = [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱹᱲᱤ]], [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] | country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | coordinates = {{Coord|23|37|3|N|85|31|15|E|display=inline,title}} | elevation = {{convert|352|m|ft}} | line = [[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] | other = | structure = | platform = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ | tracks = | entrances = | parking = ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ | baggage_check = | opened = | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ | ADA = | code = {{Indian railway code | code = RMT | zone = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | division = ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ }} | owned = | operator = | status = ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ | former = | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | map_locator = }} '''ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱠᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱹᱲᱤ|ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱠᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ == ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ == ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱣᱮᱭᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱩᱢ, ᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱨᱩᱢ, ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱚᱨᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ, ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱟᱨ, ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱠᱤᱝ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱾<ref name=glance>{{cite web|title=RANCHI DIVISION AT A GLANCE|url=http://www.serranchi.org/about/abt_div.htm|publisher=South Eastern Railway, Govt of India|access-date=26 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530031719/http://www.serranchi.org/about/abt_div.htm|archive-date=30 May 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ (GRP) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ == ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ == ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱡᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=trainlist>{{cite web|title=Trains at Ramgarh Cant Station|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/1829|publisher=India Rail Info|access-date=1 April 2012}}</ref><ref name=indiantrains>{{cite web|title=Ramgarh Railway Station Details|url=http://www.indiantrains.org/station-details/?code=RMT&name=RAMGARH+CANT|publisher=indiantrains.org|access-date=1 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030752/http://www.indiantrains.org/station-details/?code=RMT&name=RAMGARH+CANT|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱹᱲᱤ]] * [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/1829 ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱠᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ] * [http://ramgarh.nic.in/ ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] {{ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] a2cl8h0u4jsv2j68nm08h3l2fcn69u7 0 29441 192821 191840 2026-06-14T14:49:34Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 192821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist | name = ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|09|01}} | birth_place = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] | fields = {{ublist | [[ᱢᱮᱠᱮᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱳᱨ]] }} | workplaces = {{ublist | [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱠᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱝ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] | [[ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱮᱰᱢᱤ]] | [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱞᱟᱨᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨᱴᱚᱨᱤ]] | [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱨᱚᱥᱯᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨᱴᱚᱨᱤᱡᱽ]]}} | alma_mater = {{ublist | [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ]] | [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ]] | [[ᱟᱭᱤ ᱟᱭᱤ ᱴᱤ (ᱵᱤ ᱮᱪ ᱭᱩ) ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤ]] }} | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = ᱢᱚᱲᱮ ᱮᱠᱥᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱚ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱱ | awards = {{ublist|2012&nbsp;ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱟᱨ.-ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱝ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱚᱥᱤᱯ |2012&nbsp; CSIR@70 Recognition |2012&nbsp; National Design Award |2015&nbsp; VASVIK Award (Mechanical & Structural Sciences & Technology) |2019&nbsp; Fellow of Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) |2022&nbsp; [[National Academy of Sciences, India|NASI]]}} }} '''ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ''' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱟᱭ.ᱟᱨ.-ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱠᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ, [[ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Director |url=https://www.cmeri.res.in/user-designation-scientists/director |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Profile Details {{!}} CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute |url=https://www.cmeri.res.in/user-details/1171 |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=www.cmeri.res.in}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱤᱱᱱᱳᱵᱷᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱱ (ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url=https://acsir.res.in/senate/ |title=Senate AcSIR-Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research |publisher=acsir.res.in |access-date=19 January 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱜᱞᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Director, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute |url=https://www.cgcri.res.in/about-us/governance/director/ |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=www.cgcri.res.in}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱟᱨ.-ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱞᱚᱨᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨᱮᱴᱚᱨᱤ, ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱮᱰᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ) ᱾<ref>Additional Director CSIR-NML Jamshedpur https://www.nmlindia.org/director-csir-nml {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811101339/https://www.nmlindia.org/director-csir-nml |date=2025-08-11 }}.</ref> ==ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱟᱨ.-ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱠᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ, ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱟᱨ.-ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱭᱨᱚᱥᱯᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨᱮᱴᱚᱨᱤᱡᱽ, ᱵᱮᱸᱜᱽᱞᱳᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Naresh Chandra Murmu joins as the Director, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1898819 |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱮᱨᱞᱮᱱᱡᱮᱱ–ᱱᱩᱨᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨᱜᱽ, ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱨᱛᱷᱣᱮᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ, ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱡᱤᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naresh Chandra Murmu, PhD |url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=XD6ToikAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=scholar.google.co.in}}</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Naresh-Murmu. Researchgate Naresh Chandra Murmu</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C |url=https://www.springer.com/journal/40032/editors |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=Springer |language=en |archive-date=2023-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103161207/https://www.springer.com/journal/40032/editors |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sivan |first1=K. |last2=Murmu |first2=Naresh Ch. |date=2017-12-01 |title=Special Theme: India's Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology Demonstrator: The Future of Space Transportation System |journal=Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series C |volume=98 |issue=6 |pages=645–647 |doi=10.1007/s40032-017-0426-2|bibcode=2017JIEIC..98..645S |doi-access=free }} </ref> ==ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ== ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱩᱯᱷᱮᱠᱪᱚᱨᱤᱝ, ᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱚᱡᱤᱴ, ᱤᱝᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱩᱵᱽᱨᱤᱠᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱱ ᱩᱞᱴᱨᱟᱠᱮᱯᱟᱥᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=CSIR-CMERI R&D to focus on futuristic technologies and climate change: Director Naresh Chandra Murmu |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/technology/csir-cmeri-rd-to-focus-on-futuristic-technologies-and-climate-change-director-naresh-chandra-murmu/98269364 |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=ETGovernment.com |language=en}}</ref> ᱰᱨ. ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ|ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ, ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱚᱰ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ) ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱾<ref name="Dictionary & Grammar">{{Cite web |title=Dictionary & Grammar |url=https://wesanthals.tripod.com/id54.html |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=wesanthals.tripod.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱰᱤᱠᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="Dictionary & Grammar"/> <ref> {{cite web |url=https://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Santali |title=Santali |publisher=wiki.apertium.org |access-date=19 January 2025}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=http://lisindia.ciil.org/Santali/Santali_infores.html |title=Santali Annoted Bibliography LIS-India |publisher=lisindia.ciil.org |access-date=2024-07-09 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ== * ᱰᱨ. ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ (INAE) ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ, ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (NASI) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱚᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾). <ref>{{cite web |url= https://nasi.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Year-Book-2024.pdf |title= Year Book 2024 The National Academy of Science India |publisher= The National Academy of Science India |access-date= 19 January 2025 |archive-date= 19 January 2025 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250119141312/https://nasi.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Year-Book-2024.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inae.in/storage/2022/05/INAE_Year_Book_2022_Med.pdf|title= THE YEAR BOOK 2022 Indian NationalAcademy of Engineering|publisher=inae.in |access-date=19 January 2025}}</ref> <ref> {{cite web |url= https://www.csir.res.in/sites/default/files/2024-07/csir-annual-report-2022-23-eng.pdf|title=Annual Report |publisher=csir.res.in|access-date= 19 January 2025}} </ref> * ᱰᱨ. ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱵᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ-᱒᱐᱑᱕, ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ (᱒᱐᱑᱒), ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱟᱨ.-ᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳᱥᱤᱯ (᱒᱐᱑᱑), ᱰᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮ.ᱰᱤ. ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳᱥᱤᱯ (ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱤᱥ)-᱒᱐᱐᱐, ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ ᱮᱠᱥᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱱ (᱒᱐᱑᱒) ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱟᱨ@᱗᱐ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱥ.ᱤ.ᱵᱤ. ᱵᱮᱥᱴ ᱯᱮᱯᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ, ᱒᱐᱑᱔ (ᱮᱞᱥᱮᱵᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨ) ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cmeri.res.in/file/6924/download?token=UbxJGAAf |title=Curriculum Vitae |publisher=cmeri.res.in |access-date=19 January 2025 |archive-date=13 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713135226/https://cmeri.res.in/file/6924/download?token=UbxJGAAf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱮᱛ]] caippw5wxvf75tng0tgb75u9wzz59jf 0 35038 192824 188768 2026-06-14T15:29:29Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 192824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱭᱱᱴᱤᱥᱴ}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = ᱴᱮᱥᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ | image = Tessy thomas.png | caption = | office = ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ (Aeronautical Systems), [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]] | term_start = {{Start date|2018|06|01|df=yes}} | term_end = ᱓᱐ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ | predecessor = ᱥᱤ.ᱯᱤ. ᱨᱟᱢᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ | successor = ᱮᱢ. ᱡᱮᱰ. ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱤᱠᱤ | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth-date and age|1963|}} | birth_place = [[ᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱡᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱡᱷᱟ]], [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | alma_mater = | occupation = [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ | spouse = ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ | children = ᱑ | relatives = | nationality = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] | known_for = [[Agni (missile)|ᱚᱜᱽᱱᱤ ᱢᱤᱥᱟᱭᱤᱞ]] ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ | awards = | website = }} '''ᱴᱮᱥᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙ hostel) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱭᱨᱳᱥᱯᱮᱥ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱥᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]] ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Agni-IV|ᱚᱜᱽᱱᱤ-IV]] ᱵᱮᱞᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱤᱥᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ "ᱢᱤᱥᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱣᱩᱢᱮᱱ" (Missile Woman) ᱟᱨ "ᱚᱜᱽᱱᱤᱯᱩᱛᱨᱤ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ == ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ == ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱞᱮᱯᱯᱤ]], [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Government Engineering College, Thrissur|ᱛᱷᱨᱤᱥᱩᱨ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤᱝ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱤ.ᱴᱮᱠ (B.Tech) ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱩᱱᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Defence Institute of Advanced Technology|ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨᱢᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 'ᱜᱟᱭᱰᱮᱰ ᱢᱤᱥᱟᱭᱤᱞ' ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ.ᱴᱮᱠ (M.Tech) ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref name="IWSA"/> == ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱑᱙᱘᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Defence Research and Development Laboratory]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱥᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱭᱰᱮᱱᱥ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ (guidance systems) ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Agni (missile)|ᱚᱜᱽᱱᱤ]] ᱢᱤᱥᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱮᱞᱮᱱᱴ (solid propellants) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="IWSA"/> ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ [[Agni-III|ᱚᱜᱽᱱᱤ-III]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱥᱮᱥᱯᱷᱩᱞ ᱞᱚᱱᱪ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="IWSA"/> ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Agni-IV|ᱚᱜᱽᱱᱤ-IV]] ᱵᱮᱞᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱤᱥᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ "ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱥᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱣᱩᱢᱮᱱ" ᱟᱨ "ᱚᱜᱽᱱᱤᱯᱩᱛᱨᱤ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="thbl">{{cite news |author=M Somasekhar |title=Tessy Thomas elevated as D-G Aero of DRDO |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/tessy-thomas-elevated-as-d-g-aero-of-drdo/article24022280.ece |work=The Hindu Business Line |date=29 May 2018 |language=en}}</ref> == ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱤ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱱᱰᱚᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="IWSA">{{cite journal|date=September 2008|title=Meet India's "Missile Woman".|url=http://www.iwsa.net/BullJan09final.pdf|journal=IWSA Newsletter|volume=34|issue=3|access-date=19 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917090903/http://www.iwsa.net/BullJan09final.pdf|archive-date=17 September 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> == ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ == ᱢᱤᱥᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ]] (Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award) ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|title=Scientist honoured for work on Agni missile tech|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/features/scientist-honoured-for-workagni-missile-tech_764008.html|access-date=2 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='Missile woman' Tessy Thomas conferred Shastri award|url=http://www.firstpost.com/fwire/missile-woman-tessy-thomas-conferred-shastri-award-476024.html|access-date=2 October 2012|date=October 2, 2012}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱴᱟᱰᱤᱡᱽ – ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱨᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ (FMS-IRM) ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 'ᱰᱨ. ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱤᱰᱟᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ' (Dr Thomas Cangan Leadership Award) ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=6th Thought Leadership Lecture Series at FMS-IRM |url=https://www.iirm.ac.in/event/5 |website=The Faculty of Management Studies, Institute of Rural Management |access-date=24 February 2020 |archive-date=23 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223212756/https://www.iirm.ac.in/event/5 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ETPrime Women Leadership Awards ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ 'ᱣᱩᱢᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱭᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱤᱭᱟᱨ' (Woman pioneer of the year) ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |title=ETPWLA 2023: Dr. Tessy Thomas wins Woman Pioneer Award at ETPrime Women Leadership Awards 2023 | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=16 August 2023 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/etpwla-2023-dr-tessy-thomas-wins-woman-pioneer-award-at-etprime-women-leadership-awards-2023/articleshow/102774976.cms?from=mdr | last1=Banerjee | first1=Sanhati }}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''Asian Scientist'' ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ [[Asian Scientist 100]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱳᱨᱤᱭᱮᱴ (laureate) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.asianscientist.com/as100/ |title=The Asian Scientist 100 |author= |date= |website= |publisher= [[Asian Scientist]] |access-date= 13 March 2025 |quote= |language= }}</ref> == ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ == * {{Cite journal|last=Thomas|first=Tessy|date=2005-07-01|title=Guidance Scheme for Solid Propelled Vehicle during Atmospheric Phase|journal=Defence Science Journal|language=en|volume=55|issue=3|pages=253–264|doi=10.14429/dsj.55.1987|doi-access=free}} * {{cite book |doi=10.12783/ballistics2017/16878 |chapter=Prediction of Real Gas and Non-Equilibrium Effects in the Gas Dynamics of Canister Launch Missile |title=30th International Symposium on Ballistics |year=2017 |last1=Sudhakar |first1=R. |last2=Venkanna |first2=M. |last3=Rao |first3=B. V. Papa |last4=Thomas |first4=Tessy |isbn=978-1-60595-419-6 }} * {{cite journal |id={{ProQuest|1413260295}} |last1=Thomas |first1=Tessy |last2=Jahagirdar |first2=D R |last3=Krishna |first3=I V Murali |last4=Varaprasad |first4=L. |title=Online Trajectory Reshaping for a Launch Vehicle to Minimize the Final Error Caused by Navigation and Guidance |journal=Defence Science Journal |location=New Delhi |volume=63 |issue=3 |date=May 2013 |pages=254–261 |doi=10.14429/dsj.63.2414 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite book |doi=10.12783/ballistics2017/16860 |chapter=Developmental Challenges during Realization of High Progressivity Rocket Motor |title=30th International Symposium on Ballistics |year=2017 |last1=Ghogale |first1=Shrikant |last2=Venkanna |first2=M. |last3=Rao |first3=B.V. Papa |last4=Thomas |first4=Tessy |isbn=978-1-60595-419-6 }} == ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == *[[Agni (missile)|ᱚᱜᱽᱱᱤ ᱢᱤᱥᱟᱭᱤᱞ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVDDzOqXFw4 ᱴᱮᱥᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱽ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ] {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas, Tessy}} [[Category:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱢᱟᱞᱭᱟᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:Defence Research and Development Organisation]] [[Category:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱭᱨᱳᱥᱯᱮᱥ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ISRO ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱑᱙᱖᱓ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]] [[Category:ᱡᱤᱭᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[Category:ᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱡᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:Government Engineering College, Thrissur alumni]] [[Category:᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱭᱱᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱱᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱭᱱᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ]] 9ny1yc2n4xqmufd4q0rpvxora7lfopy 0 36028 192820 192124 2026-06-14T14:14:02Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 192820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱠᱤᱭᱚᱨ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱙᱓)}} {{Infobox sportsperson | name = ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱚᱣᱩᱜᱷ ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥᱤ | image = فروغ عباسی نقره.jpg | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth-date and age|᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱓}} | birth_place = [[ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱡᱽ]], [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ]] | height = | weight = | headercolor = | show-medals = n | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|[[ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱠᱤᱭᱤᱝ]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{IRI}}}} }} '''ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱚᱣᱩᱜᱷ ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥᱤ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱡᱽ, [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ]]<ref>[http://data.fis-ski.com/dynamic/athlete-biography.html?sector=AL&competitorid=161935 FIS Biography]</ref>) ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱠᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱞᱚᱢᱯᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱞᱚᱢᱯᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱞᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ,<ref>{{cite news |date=23 January 2014 |title=Five athletes to represent Iran in Sochi |url=http://en.mehrnews.com/detail/News/101748 |newspaper=[[Mehr News Agency]]|location=[[Tehran]], [[Iran]] |access-date=27 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Five athletes to represent Iran in Sochi |url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/sports/113591-five-athletes-to-represent-iran-in-sochi |newspaper=[[Tehran Times]] |location=[[Tehran]], [[Iran]] |date=22 January 2014 |access-date=2 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129044459/http://www.tehrantimes.com/sports/113591-five-athletes-to-represent-iran-in-sochi |archive-date=29 January 2014 }}</ref> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱟ ᱕᱐ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱟᱨᱫᱟᱥ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱛᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱪ, ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱨᱜᱟᱨᱤ, ᱟᱡ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱜᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>[https://www.kark.com/news/iranian-skier-makes-appeal-for-womens-rights-in-her-country/ Iranian skier makes appeal for women’s rights in her country ]{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Associated Press Feb 18, 2021</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱚᱞᱚᱢᱯᱤᱠ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱠᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱞᱚᱢᱯᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱠᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱞᱚᱢᱯᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱠᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱠᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱠᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] d10v09hdwmy8qm3sble2jt5kcmmog1g 0 36213 192825 192780 2026-06-14T15:37:32Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 192825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱵᱚᱠᱚᱨᱠᱩᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | address = ᱠᱷᱳᱠᱨᱳ ᱵᱨᱤᱡᱽ, ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱤᱰᱤᱦ, [[ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] | country = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | coordinates = {{coord|23.097493|85.963588|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | map_type = | elevation = {{convert|197|m|ft}} | line = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | other = | structure = | platform = ᱑ | tracks = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | entrances = | parking = | baggage_check = | opened = ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = ᱦᱳᱭ | accessible = | code = {{Indian railway code | code = BKKI | zone = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | division = {{rwd|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ}} }} | owned = | operator = | status = ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ | former = | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | services = {{Adjacent stations|system=ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|line=ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|left=ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱢᱫᱟ|right=ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱰᱤᱦ|type=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]}} | map_locator = }} '''ᱵᱚᱠᱚᱨᱠᱩᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱠᱤᱰᱤᱦ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱳᱠᱨᱳ ᱵᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bakarkudi Railway Station Map/Atlas SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/bakarkudi-bkki/9883 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ-ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (CIC section) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frequently Asked Indian Railways Questions - 118 - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/faq/117 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lok Sabha Secretariat |url=http://archive.org/details/eparlib.nic.in.424710 |title=ELECTRIFICATION BETWEEN CHANDIL MURI BARKAKANA RAIL LINE (18-Apr-2002) |date=2002-04-18 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MINISTRY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS |title=Condonations to IRSOD - Other than Rolling Stock - 20 |url=https://nfr.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,366,526,626,1096 |access-date=5 December 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] lzkmrdjfiv9gb0l81ybuoewjvjv6ors 0 36219 192818 192795 2026-06-14T13:25:58Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 192818 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ''' (Planetary Health) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱰᱤᱥᱤᱯᱞᱤᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ, ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ,<ref>Horton, Richard, and Selina Lo. "Planetary health: a new science for exceptional action." The Lancet 386.10007 (2015): 1921-1922.</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱱᱫᱳᱞᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Middleton |first=Jo |last2=Cassell |first2=Jackie A. |last3=Colthart |first3=Gavin |last4=Dem |first4=Francesca |last5=Fairhead |first5=James |last6=Head |first6=Michael G. |last7=Inacio |first7=Joao |last8=Jimbudo |first8=Mavis |last9=Laman |first9=Moses |last10=Novotny |first10=Vojtech |last11=Peck |first11=Mika |last12=Philip |first12=Jonah |last13=Pomat |first13=William |last14=Sui |first14=Shen |last15=West-Oram |first15=Peter |date=2020-11-01 |title=Rationale, experience and ethical considerations underpinning integrated actions to further global goals for health and land biodiversity in Papua New Guinea |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00805-x |journal=Sustainability Science |language=en |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=1653–1664 |doi=10.1007/s11625-020-00805-x |issn=1862-4057|hdl=10072/413428 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱫᱚ "ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱭᱚᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱯᱨᱟᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤᱠ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ" ᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱨᱚᱠᱯᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ-ᱞᱟᱱᱥᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ,<ref name=Lancet2015>{{cite journal |title=Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of The Rockefeller Foundation–Lancet Commission on planetary health |journal=The Lancet |date=2015-11-14 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60901-1 |volume=386 |pages=1973–2028 | last1 = Whitmee | first1 = Sarah|issue=10007 |pmid=26188744 |s2cid=21925353 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱒᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>Myers, S. and Frumkin, H., 2020. Planetary health: protecting nature to protect ourselves. Island Press.</ref> == ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱰᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞᱥᱴᱳᱱᱥ == ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱮᱯᱴ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱩᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱠᱳᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱐-᱘᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱳᱞᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱫᱳᱞᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱱᱰᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱤ ᱟᱨᱛᱷ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ (WHO) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, "ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱠᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ - ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱚᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾"<ref>Prescott, S.L. and Logan, A.C., 2019. Planetary health: from the wellspring of holistic medicine to personal and public health imperative. Explore, 15(2), pp.98-106.</ref> ᱑᱙᱘᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱞᱳᱵᱷᱮᱞᱚᱠ '''"ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ"''' ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>Lovelock, J. E. (1986). Geophysiology: A new look at earth science. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 67(4), 392-397.</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱭ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱰᱟᱠᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱮᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱜᱮᱞᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ: "ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱠᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱫᱮᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾"<ref name=lancet>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32737-X|title = Per Fugelli|journal = The Lancet|volume = 390|issue = 10107|page = 2032|year = 2017|last1 = Casassus|first1 = Barbara|doi-access = free}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ (ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ) ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>Stappen, R.: Terramedizin und Master for Sustainable Development – Zwei Konzepte für innovative. Modellstudiengänge. In: Stadt-Umland-Perspektiven – Zukunftsfähige Regionen in Europa. 2000, ISBN 3-00-007218-7, S. 284–285.</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱞᱳᱵᱷᱮᱞᱚᱠ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ''ᱜᱟᱭᱟ: ᱫᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱠᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ'' ᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>Lovelock, James, and James E. Lovelock. "Gaia: The practical science of planetary medicine." (2000).</ref> === ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞᱥᱴᱳᱱᱥ === ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: * ᱒᱐᱑᱔: ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱨᱱᱟᱞ ''ᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱱᱥᱮᱴ'' ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱤᱯᱷᱮᱥᱴᱳ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱫᱳᱞᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref name="thelancet.com">{{cite journal |title=From public to planetary health: a manifesto |journal=The Lancet |date=2014-03-06 |last1=Horton |first1=Richard |last2=Beaglehole |first2=Robert |last3=Bonita |first3=Ruth |last4=Raeburn |first4=John |last5=McKee |first5=Martin |volume=383 |issue=9920 |page=847 |url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60409-8/fulltext |access-date=2016-10-05 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60409-8|pmid=24607088 |s2cid=29341866 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> * ᱒᱐᱑᱕-᱒᱐᱑᱗: ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱠᱯᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱱᱥᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱱᱥᱮᱴ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱡᱚᱨᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱤᱥᱭᱩ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/planetary-health-alliance-launched-to-address-public-health-threats/|title=Harvard University, Wildlife Conservation Society launch new 'Planetary Health Alliance' with support from The Rockefeller Foundation|date=2015-12-11|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-06}}</ref> * ᱒᱐᱒᱑: ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ 'ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱮᱰᱩᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱢᱣᱟᱨᱠ' ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱰᱳᱢᱮᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱥᱟᱣ ᱯᱟᱣᱞᱳ ᱰᱮᱠᱞᱟᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ * ᱒᱐᱒᱒-᱒᱐᱒᱓: ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱦᱳᱞᱢ+᱕᱐ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱮᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱤᱭᱩᱥᱚᱱᱥ ᱰᱮᱠᱞᱟᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Declaration on Planetary Health |url=https://www.afmc.ca/initiatives/planetaryhealthdeclaration/ |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=AFMC |language=en-CA}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱨᱳᱭᱟᱞ ᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ * ᱒᱐᱒᱔: ᱜᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱨᱳᱰᱢᱮᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱞᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ == ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ == ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱰᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱤᱠᱳᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ, ᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Koplan|first1=Jeffrey P|last2=Bond|first2=T Christopher|last3=Merson|first3=Michael H|last4=Reddy|first4=K Srinath| last5=Rodriguez|first5=Mario Henry|last6=Sewankambo|first6=Nelson K|last7=Wasserheit|first7=Judith N|title=Towards a common definition of global health|journal=The Lancet| volume=373| issue=9679| pages=1993–1995| doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60332-9|pmid=19493564| year=2009|pmc=9905260 |citeseerx=10.1.1.610.7968|s2cid=6919716}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Theodore M. |last2=Cueto| first2=Marcos| last3=Fee|first3=Elizabeth|date=2006-01-01|title=The World Health Organization and the Transition From "International" to "Global" Public Health|journal=American Journal of Public Health| volume=96| issue=1| pages=62–72|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2004.050831|pmid=16322464 |issn=0090-0036|pmc=1470434}}</ref> ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9566.13578 | doi=10.1111/1467-9566.13578 | title=Health beyond medicine. A planetary theory extension | date=2023 | last1=Roth | first1=Steffen | last2=Valentinov | first2=Vladislav | journal=Sociology of Health & Illness | volume=45 | issue=2 | pages=331–345 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> ᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱱᱥᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱯᱷ, ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱰ ᱦᱚᱨᱴᱚᱱ, ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟ ᱤᱠᱳᱱᱚᱢᱤᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱤᱥᱭᱩ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ "ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤᱠ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ – ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱜᱮ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱭᱚᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱩᱨᱵᱚᱞᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭᱟ᱾"<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 June 2014 |title=Planetary Health - Economist Intelligence Unit |url=https://assets.rockefellerfoundation.org/app/uploads/20150625163005/Planetary-Health-Special-Report_06.25.14.pdf/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903123031/https://assets.rockefellerfoundation.org/app/uploads/20150625163005/Planetary-Health-Special-Report_06.25.14.pdf |archive-date=3 September 2019 |newspaper=The Economist |page=28 |access-date=2016-10-06 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱨᱚᱠᱯᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱡᱩᱰᱤᱛᱷ ᱨᱳᱰᱤᱱ, ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rodin|first=Judith|title=Planetary Health: A New Discipline in Global Health|url=https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/blog/planetary-health-a-new-discipline-in-global-health/|access-date=2016-10-06|date=2015-07-16|archive-date=2023-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419111111/https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/blog/planetary-health-a-new-discipline-in-global-health/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱭᱩᱨᱳ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱴᱟᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱟᱯᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, "ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤᱝ ᱰᱤᱥᱤᱯᱞᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ"᱾<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Oerther|first1=Daniel B. |last2=Oerther| first2=Sarah| last3=Peters|first3=Catherine A.| date=2024-01-18|title=Environmental Engineers Solve Problems of Planetary Health| journal=Environmental Engineering Science| volume=41| issue=1| pages=3-6|doi=10.1089/ees.2023.0301}}</ref> ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱳᱨᱴᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱜᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ (CUGH) ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ "ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ, ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱡᱚᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱺᱫᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ"᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=CUGH |date=2024-09-05 |title=Planetary Health Learning Objectives (September 2024 Issue) |url=https://www.cugh.org/blog/planetary-health-learning-objectives-september-2024-issue/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Consortium of Universities for Global Health |language=en-US}}</ref> CUGH ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱴᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱴᱩᱞᱠᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱰᱟᱱᱤᱭᱮᱞ ᱳᱨᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱣᱱᱴᱥᱤ ᱠᱞᱚᱡᱽ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, "ᱫᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱱᱤᱨᱟᱹᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ," ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Oerther|first1=Daniel B. |date=2026-01-01|title=Hold Paramount the Health, Safety, and Welfare of the Public and the Planet| journal=Journal of Environmental Engineering| volume=152| issue=2|doi=10.1061/JOEEDU.EEENG-8532}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ|2}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [https://www.planetaryhealthalliance.org/ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ] * [https://www.planetaryhealth.eu/ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱱᱥ - ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱵᱽ] * [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/issue/current ᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱱᱥᱮᱴ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ] * ᱨᱳᱭᱟᱞ ᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥᱮᱥ (KNAW) (᱒᱐᱒᱓). [https://www.knaw.nl/en/publications/planetary-health-emerging-field-be-developed ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱭᱡᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ] == ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ == * ᱣᱦᱤᱴᱢᱤ, ᱮᱥ., ᱦᱮᱱᱥ, ᱮ., ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱭᱨᱟᱨ, ᱥᱤ., ᱮᱴ ᱟᱞ. ᱒᱐᱑᱕. ᱥᱮᱯᱷᱜᱟᱨᱰᱤᱝ ᱦᱤᱭᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱤᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱨᱳᱯᱳᱥᱤᱱ ᱮᱯᱳᱪ: ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱨᱚᱠᱯᱷᱮᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ–ᱞᱟᱱᱥᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱱ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ. ᱓᱘᱖:᱑᱐᱐᱐᱗, ᱯᱤ᱑᱙᱗᱓-᱒᱐᱒᱘. ᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱱᱥᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱥ. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60901-1 * ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱨᱥ, ᱮᱥ. ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱩᱢᱠᱤᱱ, ᱮᱪ., ᱒᱐᱒᱐. ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ: ᱯᱨᱚᱴᱮᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱱᱮᱪᱟᱨ ᱴᱩ ᱯᱨᱚᱴᱮᱠᱴ ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞᱵᱷᱥ. ᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱨᱮᱥ. * ᱦᱮᱱᱥ, ᱮ. ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱩᱢᱠᱤᱱ, ᱮᱪ., ᱒᱐᱒᱑. ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ: ᱥᱮᱯᱷᱜᱟᱨᱰᱤᱝ ᱦᱤᱭᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱟ ᱮᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱤᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱨᱳᱯᱳᱥᱤᱱ. ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱨᱮᱥ. * ᱨᱳᱭᱟᱞ ᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥᱮᱥ (᱒᱐᱒᱓). [https://www.knaw.nl/en/publications/planetary-health-emerging-field-be-developed ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱭᱡᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ] * ᱢᱟᱨᱴᱮᱱᱥ, ᱯᱤ. (᱒᱐᱒᱓). [https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/136713009/Inaugural%20Speech%20Pim%20Martens.pdf ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ: ᱫᱟ ᱨᱮᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱴᱮᱱᱮᱵᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱪᱟᱨ]. ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱪᱴ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ. * ᱠᱳᱜᱞᱟᱱ ᱮᱴ ᱟᱞ.: [https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1186/s42522-021-00053-8 ᱮ ᱵᱳᱞᱰᱟᱨ ᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ: ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱮᱱᱰᱤᱝ ᱫᱟ ᱢᱳᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱮᱞ ᱴᱩ ᱚᱯᱴᱤᱢᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱚᱞ] ᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱟᱣᱩᱴᱞᱩᱠ, ᱒᱐᱒᱑. * ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱰ ᱦᱳᱨᱴᱚᱱ [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)32843-X/fulltext?elsca1=etoc ᱚᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ: ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷᱥ ᱱᱮᱠᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴᱤᱭᱟᱨ—ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱰᱟᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ] ᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱱᱥᱮᱴ, ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱤᱭᱩᱢ ᱓᱙᱐, ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱐᱑᱐᱘, ᱯᱤ᱒᱑᱓᱒, ᱑᱑ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱗. [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] 90di8rj2go10tcnvv9bk5dizm7e5rtn 0 36224 192826 2026-06-14T19:08:11Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 "{{short description|᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} {{Infobox event | title = ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ | image = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | date = {{start and end dates|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱓|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱑᱔|df=y}} | venue = | location = ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨ..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 192826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} {{Infobox event | title = ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ | image = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | date = {{start and end dates|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱓|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱑᱔|df=y}} | venue = | location = [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱳ]], ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ | coordinates = | also_known_as = {{unbulleted list|ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱳ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} | participants = ᱑᱐᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ<ref>https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 Câmara dos Deputados</ref> | outcome = [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ (UNFCCC)]] ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ }} [[Image:Flag of the United Nations.svg|thumb|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾]] '''ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCED'''), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱳ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ([[ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]]: ECO92, Cúpula da Terra) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱘ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio-92 |url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Portal da Câmara dos Deputados |language=pt-br}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]] (UNFCCC) ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ" ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ (UNCED) ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱᱛ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥ (COP), ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱼᱟ᱾ UNFCC ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] (NGOs)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|title=World Conferences Introduction|website=www.un.org|access-date=28 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310135935/http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|archive-date=10 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[:en:precautionary principle|ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]], [[:en:Common But Differentiated Responsibilities|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ [[:en:polluter pays principle|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morin |first1=Jean-Frédéric |last2=Allan |first2=Jen |last3=Jinnah |first3=Sikina |date=2023 |title=The survival of the weakest: the echo of the Rio Summit principles in environmental treaties |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |journal=Environmental Politics |pages=1–22 |language=en |doi=10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |s2cid=260670633 |issn=0964-4016|url-access=subscription }}</ref> sh4z3yg79o3vv82r04m782cj6hfokw3 192827 192826 2026-06-14T19:08:38Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 192827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} {{Infobox event | title = ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ | image = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | date = {{start and end dates|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱓|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱑᱔|df=y}} | venue = | location = [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱳ]], ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ | coordinates = | also_known_as = {{unbulleted list|ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱳ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} | participants = ᱑᱐᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ<ref>https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 Câmara dos Deputados</ref> | outcome = [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ (UNFCCC)]] ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ }} [[Image:Flag of the United Nations.svg|thumb|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾]] '''ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCED'''), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱳ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ([[ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]]: ECO92, Cúpula da Terra) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱘ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio-92 |url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Portal da Câmara dos Deputados |language=pt-br}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]] (UNFCCC) ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ" ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ (UNCED) ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱᱛ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥ (COP), ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱼᱟ᱾ UNFCC ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] (NGOs)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|title=World Conferences Introduction|website=www.un.org|access-date=28 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310135935/http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|archive-date=10 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[:en:precautionary principle|ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]], [[:en:Common But Differentiated Responsibilities|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ [[:en:polluter pays principle|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morin |first1=Jean-Frédéric |last2=Allan |first2=Jen |last3=Jinnah |first3=Sikina |date=2023 |title=The survival of the weakest: the echo of the Rio Summit principles in environmental treaties |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |journal=Environmental Politics |pages=1–22 |language=en |doi=10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |s2cid=260670633 |issn=0964-4016|url-access=subscription }}</ref> tq2buyq2ix4fu97cqas1tg4gew36qiz 192828 192827 2026-06-14T19:11:05Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 192828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} {{Infobox event | title = ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ | image = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | date = {{start and end dates|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱓|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱑᱔|df=y}} | venue = | location = [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]], ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ | coordinates = | also_known_as = {{unbulleted list|ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} | participants = ᱑᱐᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ<ref>https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 Câmara dos Deputados</ref> | outcome = [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ (UNFCCC)]] ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ }} [[Image:Flag of the United Nations.svg|thumb|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾]] '''ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCED'''), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ([[ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]]: ECO92, Cúpula da Terra) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱘ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio-92 |url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Portal da Câmara dos Deputados |language=pt-br}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]] (UNFCCC) ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ" ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ (UNCED) ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱᱛ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥ (COP), ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱼᱟ᱾ UNFCC ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] (NGOs)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|title=World Conferences Introduction|website=www.un.org|access-date=28 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310135935/http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|archive-date=10 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[:en:precautionary principle|ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]], [[:en:Common But Differentiated Responsibilities|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ [[:en:polluter pays principle|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morin |first1=Jean-Frédéric |last2=Allan |first2=Jen |last3=Jinnah |first3=Sikina |date=2023 |title=The survival of the weakest: the echo of the Rio Summit principles in environmental treaties |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |journal=Environmental Politics |pages=1–22 |language=en |doi=10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |s2cid=260670633 |issn=0964-4016|url-access=subscription }}</ref> p90of3z9vw2oqh8nli1581tnsx8qzo2 192829 192828 2026-06-14T19:13:52Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 192829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} {{Infobox event | title = ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ | image = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | date = {{start and end dates|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱓|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱑᱔|df=y}} | venue = | location = [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]], ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ | coordinates = | also_known_as = {{unbulleted list|ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} | participants = ᱑᱐᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ<ref>https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 Câmara dos Deputados</ref> | outcome = [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ (UNFCCC)]] ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ }} [[Image:Flag of the United Nations.svg|thumb|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾]] '''ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCED'''), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ([[ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]]: ECO92, Cúpula da Terra) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱘ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio-92 |url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Portal da Câmara dos Deputados |language=pt-br}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]] (UNFCCC) ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ" ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ (UNCED) ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱᱛ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥ (COP), ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱼᱟ᱾ UNFCC ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] (NGOs)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|title=World Conferences Introduction|website=www.un.org|access-date=28 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310135935/http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|archive-date=10 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[:en:precautionary principle|ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]], [[:en:Common But Differentiated Responsibilities|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ [[:en:polluter pays principle|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morin |first1=Jean-Frédéric |last2=Allan |first2=Jen |last3=Jinnah |first3=Sikina |date=2023 |title=The survival of the weakest: the echo of the Rio Summit principles in environmental treaties |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |journal=Environmental Politics |pages=1–22 |language=en |doi=10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |s2cid=260670633 |issn=0964-4016|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ == '''᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCHE''') ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱦᱳᱢ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱰᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱦᱳᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ]] (Cold War) ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱼᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ (Platform) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ l4h97unk91newlzz53r3hxws55iwlez 192830 192829 2026-06-14T19:18:35Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ */ 192830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} {{Infobox event | title = ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ | image = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | date = {{start and end dates|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱓|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱑᱔|df=y}} | venue = | location = [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]], ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ | coordinates = | also_known_as = {{unbulleted list|ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} | participants = ᱑᱐᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ<ref>https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 Câmara dos Deputados</ref> | outcome = [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ (UNFCCC)]] ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ }} [[Image:Flag of the United Nations.svg|thumb|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾]] '''ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCED'''), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ([[ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]]: ECO92, Cúpula da Terra) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱘ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio-92 |url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Portal da Câmara dos Deputados |language=pt-br}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]] (UNFCCC) ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ" ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ (UNCED) ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱᱛ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥ (COP), ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱼᱟ᱾ UNFCC ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] (NGOs)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|title=World Conferences Introduction|website=www.un.org|access-date=28 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310135935/http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|archive-date=10 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[:en:precautionary principle|ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]], [[:en:Common But Differentiated Responsibilities|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ [[:en:polluter pays principle|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morin |first1=Jean-Frédéric |last2=Allan |first2=Jen |last3=Jinnah |first3=Sikina |date=2023 |title=The survival of the weakest: the echo of the Rio Summit principles in environmental treaties |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |journal=Environmental Politics |pages=1–22 |language=en |doi=10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |s2cid=260670633 |issn=0964-4016|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ == '''᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCHE''') ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱦᱳᱢ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱰᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱦᱳᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ]] (Cold War) ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱼᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ (Platform) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ == ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: * ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱧᱮᱞᱼᱵᱷᱟᱞ — ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱜᱮᱥᱳᱞᱤᱱ|ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱳᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[:en:Tetraethyllead|ᱥᱤᱥᱟᱹ]], ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳᱼᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ * [[:en:fossil fuel|ᱡᱤᱣᱟᱹᱥᱢᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] (fossil fuels) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ (energy) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ [[ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ * ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱲ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ|ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ (ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱥ/ᱴᱨᱮᱱ)]] ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ * [[ᱫᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱟᱭ * ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Indus Delta: Bilawal says 2.4m acres of land is eroded by seawater |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40178786/indus-delta-bilawal-says-24m-acres-of-land-is-eroded-by-seawater |website=Business Recorder |date=9 June 2022 |access-date=12 June 2022}}</ref> soakarz3dpy0tlh7jirbhg6nlmoh19e 192831 192830 2026-06-14T19:19:19Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 192831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} {{Infobox event | title = ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ | image = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | date = {{start and end dates|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱓|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱑᱔|df=y}} | venue = | location = [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]], ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ | coordinates = | also_known_as = {{unbulleted list|ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} | participants = ᱑᱐᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ<ref>https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 Câmara dos Deputados</ref> | outcome = [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ (UNFCCC)]] ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ }} [[Image:Flag of the United Nations.svg|thumb|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾]] '''ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCED'''), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ([[ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]]: ECO92, Cúpula da Terra) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱘ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio-92 |url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Portal da Câmara dos Deputados |language=pt-br}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]] (UNFCCC) ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ" ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ (UNCED) ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱᱛ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥ (COP), ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱼᱟ᱾ UNFCC ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] (NGOs)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|title=World Conferences Introduction|website=www.un.org|access-date=28 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310135935/http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|archive-date=10 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[:en:precautionary principle|ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]], [[:en:Common But Differentiated Responsibilities|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ [[:en:polluter pays principle|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morin |first1=Jean-Frédéric |last2=Allan |first2=Jen |last3=Jinnah |first3=Sikina |date=2023 |title=The survival of the weakest: the echo of the Rio Summit principles in environmental treaties |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |journal=Environmental Politics |pages=1–22 |language=en |doi=10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |s2cid=260670633 |issn=0964-4016|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ == '''᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCHE''') ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱦᱳᱢ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱰᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱦᱳᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ]] (Cold War) ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱼᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ (Platform) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ == ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: * ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱧᱮᱞᱼᱵᱷᱟᱞ — ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱜᱮᱥᱳᱞᱤᱱ|ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱳᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[:en:Tetraethyllead|ᱥᱤᱥᱟᱹ]], ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳᱼᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ * [[:en:fossil fuel|ᱡᱤᱣᱟᱹᱥᱢᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] (fossil fuels) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ (energy) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ [[ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ * ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱲ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ|ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ (ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱥ/ᱴᱨᱮᱱ)]] ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ * [[ᱫᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱟᱭ * ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Indus Delta: Bilawal says 2.4m acres of land is eroded by seawater |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40178786/indus-delta-bilawal-says-24m-acres-of-land-is-eroded-by-seawater |website=Business Recorder |date=9 June 2022 |access-date=12 June 2022}}</ref> == ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ == 5j62ezwzpu4r8po7ahbdvx9omfkpqaj 192832 192831 2026-06-14T19:23:42Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ */ 192832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} {{Infobox event | title = ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ | image = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | date = {{start and end dates|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱓|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱑᱔|df=y}} | venue = | location = [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]], ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ | coordinates = | also_known_as = {{unbulleted list|ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} | participants = ᱑᱐᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ<ref>https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 Câmara dos Deputados</ref> | outcome = [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ (UNFCCC)]] ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ }} [[Image:Flag of the United Nations.svg|thumb|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾]] '''ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCED'''), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ([[ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]]: ECO92, Cúpula da Terra) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱘ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio-92 |url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Portal da Câmara dos Deputados |language=pt-br}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]] (UNFCCC) ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ" ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ (UNCED) ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱᱛ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥ (COP), ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱼᱟ᱾ UNFCC ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] (NGOs)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|title=World Conferences Introduction|website=www.un.org|access-date=28 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310135935/http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|archive-date=10 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[:en:precautionary principle|ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]], [[:en:Common But Differentiated Responsibilities|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ [[:en:polluter pays principle|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morin |first1=Jean-Frédéric |last2=Allan |first2=Jen |last3=Jinnah |first3=Sikina |date=2023 |title=The survival of the weakest: the echo of the Rio Summit principles in environmental treaties |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |journal=Environmental Politics |pages=1–22 |language=en |doi=10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |s2cid=260670633 |issn=0964-4016|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ == '''᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCHE''') ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱦᱳᱢ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱰᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱦᱳᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ]] (Cold War) ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱼᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ (Platform) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ == ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: * ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱧᱮᱞᱼᱵᱷᱟᱞ — ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱜᱮᱥᱳᱞᱤᱱ|ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱳᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[:en:Tetraethyllead|ᱥᱤᱥᱟᱹ]], ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳᱼᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ * [[:en:fossil fuel|ᱡᱤᱣᱟᱹᱥᱢᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] (fossil fuels) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ (energy) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ [[ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ * ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱲ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ|ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ (ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱥ/ᱴᱨᱮᱱ)]] ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ * [[ᱫᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱟᱭ * ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Indus Delta: Bilawal says 2.4m acres of land is eroded by seawater |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40178786/indus-delta-bilawal-says-24m-acres-of-land-is-eroded-by-seawater |website=Business Recorder |date=9 June 2022 |access-date=12 June 2022}}</ref> == ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ == == ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ == ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ (climate governance) ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thew |first=Harriet |date=23 February 2018 |title=Youth participation and agency in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |journal=International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=369–389 |doi=10.1007/s10784-018-9392-2 |bibcode=2018IEAPL..18..369T |s2cid=158843174 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ (UNCED) ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ACCREDITED TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT |url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/37713/UNCED_NGO.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |website=UNEP}}</ref> ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱒᱑ (Agenda 21) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱫᱷᱭᱟᱭ ᱒᱕ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vincelette |first=Jocelyn |date=April 1998 |title=FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL RELATIONS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: ATTAINING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH COOPERATION |url=https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.item?id=TC-OSTCB-1268&op=pdf&app=Library&oclc_number=1033003881 |website=Library and Archives Canada}}</ref> <blockquote>"᱒᱕.᱒ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agenda 21: STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF MAJOR GROUPS |url=https://www.un.org/esa/dsd/agenda21/res_agenda21_25.shtml |website=United Nations}}</ref></blockquote> UNCED ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Towards a National Sustainable Development Strategy |date=January 1993 |url=https://issuu.com/nrtee/docs/agenda21-projet-societe |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=27 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227105720/https://issuu.com/nrtee/docs/agenda21-projet-societe |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱳᱥᱴᱟ ᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] (Costa Rica) ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ, ᱡᱩᱵᱷᱮᱱᱛᱩᱫᱽ (ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ) ᱙᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Block-3 Programmes and Services: YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN in Development |url=https://egyankosh.ac.in/handle/123456789/12871 |website=eGyanKosh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Angel |first=William David |title=The International Law of Youth Rights: Source Documents and Commentary |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |year=1995 |isbn=0-7923-3321-7 |location=Netherlands |pages=645 |language=EN}}</ref> <blockquote>"ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ... ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱒᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ" (UNCED 1992) ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |date=November 13, 2018 |editor-last=Iles |editor-first=Alastair |title=Towards meaningful youth participation in science-policy processes: a case study of the Youth in Landscapes Initiative |journal=Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |volume=6 |doi=10.1525/elementa.327 |bibcode=2018EleSA...6...67D |doi-access=free |last1=Dickson-Hoyle |first1=Sarah |last2=Kovacevic |first2=Michelle |last3=Cherbonnier |first3=Marina |last4=Nicholas |first4=Kimberly A. |page=67 }}</ref></blockquote> UNCED ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ '᱙᱒]] ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title="Youth Conference on Environment and Development (Youth 92)" held in Costa Rica from 22-29 March 1992 |url=https://archives.eui.eu/en/fonds/67337?item=CENYC-146 |website=EU Archives}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1993 |title=A Guide to Agenda 21 |url=https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstream/handle/10625/12885/IDL-12885.pdf?sequence=1 |website=International Development Research Centre (IDRC)}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Global Forum for Environmental Education |url=https://caretakers4all.org/public/upload/forums/v4n3-july1994.pdf |website=Global Network of Teachers and Students, Volume 4, Number 3 |access-date=12 June 2022 |archive-date=12 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712033439/https://www.caretakers4all.org/public/upload/forums/v4n3-july1994.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱛᱤ (rate of change) ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title='My generation has been damned' |url=http://www.herinst.org/envcontext/sustain/summit/critiques/article1.html |website=Third World Resurgence}}</ref> cyxewq3nxgzip5obi1518jmuo5c58c9 192833 192832 2026-06-14T19:24:51Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 192833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} {{Infobox event | title = ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ | image = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | date = {{start and end dates|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱓|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱑᱔|df=y}} | venue = | location = [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]], ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ | coordinates = | also_known_as = {{unbulleted list|ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} | participants = ᱑᱐᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ<ref>https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 Câmara dos Deputados</ref> | outcome = [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ (UNFCCC)]] ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ }} [[Image:Flag of the United Nations.svg|thumb|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾]] '''ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCED'''), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ([[ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]]: ECO92, Cúpula da Terra) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱘ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio-92 |url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Portal da Câmara dos Deputados |language=pt-br}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]] (UNFCCC) ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ" ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ (UNCED) ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱᱛ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥ (COP), ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱼᱟ᱾ UNFCC ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] (NGOs)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|title=World Conferences Introduction|website=www.un.org|access-date=28 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310135935/http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|archive-date=10 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[:en:precautionary principle|ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]], [[:en:Common But Differentiated Responsibilities|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ [[:en:polluter pays principle|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morin |first1=Jean-Frédéric |last2=Allan |first2=Jen |last3=Jinnah |first3=Sikina |date=2023 |title=The survival of the weakest: the echo of the Rio Summit principles in environmental treaties |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |journal=Environmental Politics |pages=1–22 |language=en |doi=10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |s2cid=260670633 |issn=0964-4016|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ == '''᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCHE''') ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱦᱳᱢ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱰᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱦᱳᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ]] (Cold War) ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱼᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ (Platform) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ == ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: * ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱧᱮᱞᱼᱵᱷᱟᱞ — ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱜᱮᱥᱳᱞᱤᱱ|ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱳᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[:en:Tetraethyllead|ᱥᱤᱥᱟᱹ]], ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳᱼᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ * [[:en:fossil fuel|ᱡᱤᱣᱟᱹᱥᱢᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] (fossil fuels) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ (energy) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ [[ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ * ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱲ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ|ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ (ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱥ/ᱴᱨᱮᱱ)]] ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ * [[ᱫᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱟᱭ * ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Indus Delta: Bilawal says 2.4m acres of land is eroded by seawater |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40178786/indus-delta-bilawal-says-24m-acres-of-land-is-eroded-by-seawater |website=Business Recorder |date=9 June 2022 |access-date=12 June 2022}}</ref> == ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ == == ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ == ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ (climate governance) ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thew |first=Harriet |date=23 February 2018 |title=Youth participation and agency in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |journal=International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=369–389 |doi=10.1007/s10784-018-9392-2 |bibcode=2018IEAPL..18..369T |s2cid=158843174 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ (UNCED) ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ACCREDITED TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT |url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/37713/UNCED_NGO.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |website=UNEP}}</ref> ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱒᱑ (Agenda 21) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱫᱷᱭᱟᱭ ᱒᱕ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vincelette |first=Jocelyn |date=April 1998 |title=FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL RELATIONS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: ATTAINING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH COOPERATION |url=https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.item?id=TC-OSTCB-1268&op=pdf&app=Library&oclc_number=1033003881 |website=Library and Archives Canada}}</ref> <blockquote>"᱒᱕.᱒ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agenda 21: STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF MAJOR GROUPS |url=https://www.un.org/esa/dsd/agenda21/res_agenda21_25.shtml |website=United Nations}}</ref></blockquote> UNCED ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Towards a National Sustainable Development Strategy |date=January 1993 |url=https://issuu.com/nrtee/docs/agenda21-projet-societe |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=27 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227105720/https://issuu.com/nrtee/docs/agenda21-projet-societe |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱳᱥᱴᱟ ᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] (Costa Rica) ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ, ᱡᱩᱵᱷᱮᱱᱛᱩᱫᱽ (ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ) ᱙᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Block-3 Programmes and Services: YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN in Development |url=https://egyankosh.ac.in/handle/123456789/12871 |website=eGyanKosh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Angel |first=William David |title=The International Law of Youth Rights: Source Documents and Commentary |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |year=1995 |isbn=0-7923-3321-7 |location=Netherlands |pages=645 |language=EN}}</ref> <blockquote>"ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ... ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱒᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ" (UNCED 1992) ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |date=November 13, 2018 |editor-last=Iles |editor-first=Alastair |title=Towards meaningful youth participation in science-policy processes: a case study of the Youth in Landscapes Initiative |journal=Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |volume=6 |doi=10.1525/elementa.327 |bibcode=2018EleSA...6...67D |doi-access=free |last1=Dickson-Hoyle |first1=Sarah |last2=Kovacevic |first2=Michelle |last3=Cherbonnier |first3=Marina |last4=Nicholas |first4=Kimberly A. |page=67 }}</ref></blockquote> UNCED ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ '᱙᱒]] ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title="Youth Conference on Environment and Development (Youth 92)" held in Costa Rica from 22-29 March 1992 |url=https://archives.eui.eu/en/fonds/67337?item=CENYC-146 |website=EU Archives}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1993 |title=A Guide to Agenda 21 |url=https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstream/handle/10625/12885/IDL-12885.pdf?sequence=1 |website=International Development Research Centre (IDRC)}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Global Forum for Environmental Education |url=https://caretakers4all.org/public/upload/forums/v4n3-july1994.pdf |website=Global Network of Teachers and Students, Volume 4, Number 3 |access-date=12 June 2022 |archive-date=12 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712033439/https://www.caretakers4all.org/public/upload/forums/v4n3-july1994.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱛᱤ (rate of change) ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title='My generation has been damned' |url=http://www.herinst.org/envcontext/sustain/summit/critiques/article1.html |website=Third World Resurgence}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} 4y7dvpu0wi8jep3w3u411cux1e4syyx 192834 192833 2026-06-14T19:28:55Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ */ 192834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} {{Infobox event | title = ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ | image = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | date = {{start and end dates|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱓|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱑᱔|df=y}} | venue = | location = [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]], ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ | coordinates = | also_known_as = {{unbulleted list|ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} | participants = ᱑᱐᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ<ref>https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 Câmara dos Deputados</ref> | outcome = [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ (UNFCCC)]] ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ }} [[Image:Flag of the United Nations.svg|thumb|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾]] '''ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCED'''), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ([[ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]]: ECO92, Cúpula da Terra) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱘ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio-92 |url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Portal da Câmara dos Deputados |language=pt-br}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]] (UNFCCC) ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ" ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ (UNCED) ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱᱛ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥ (COP), ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱼᱟ᱾ UNFCC ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] (NGOs)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|title=World Conferences Introduction|website=www.un.org|access-date=28 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310135935/http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|archive-date=10 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[:en:precautionary principle|ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]], [[:en:Common But Differentiated Responsibilities|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ [[:en:polluter pays principle|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morin |first1=Jean-Frédéric |last2=Allan |first2=Jen |last3=Jinnah |first3=Sikina |date=2023 |title=The survival of the weakest: the echo of the Rio Summit principles in environmental treaties |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |journal=Environmental Politics |pages=1–22 |language=en |doi=10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |s2cid=260670633 |issn=0964-4016|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ == '''᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCHE''') ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱦᱳᱢ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱰᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱦᱳᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ]] (Cold War) ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱼᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ (Platform) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ == ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: * ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱧᱮᱞᱼᱵᱷᱟᱞ — ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱜᱮᱥᱳᱞᱤᱱ|ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱳᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[:en:Tetraethyllead|ᱥᱤᱥᱟᱹ]], ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳᱼᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ * [[:en:fossil fuel|ᱡᱤᱣᱟᱹᱥᱢᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] (fossil fuels) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ (energy) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ [[ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ * ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱲ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ|ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ (ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱥ/ᱴᱨᱮᱱ)]] ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ * [[ᱫᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱟᱭ * ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Indus Delta: Bilawal says 2.4m acres of land is eroded by seawater |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40178786/indus-delta-bilawal-says-24m-acres-of-land-is-eroded-by-seawater |website=Business Recorder |date=9 June 2022 |access-date=12 June 2022}}</ref> == ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ == == ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ == ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ (climate governance) ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thew |first=Harriet |date=23 February 2018 |title=Youth participation and agency in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |journal=International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=369–389 |doi=10.1007/s10784-018-9392-2 |bibcode=2018IEAPL..18..369T |s2cid=158843174 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ (UNCED) ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ACCREDITED TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT |url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/37713/UNCED_NGO.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |website=UNEP}}</ref> ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱒᱑ (Agenda 21) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱫᱷᱭᱟᱭ ᱒᱕ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vincelette |first=Jocelyn |date=April 1998 |title=FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL RELATIONS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: ATTAINING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH COOPERATION |url=https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.item?id=TC-OSTCB-1268&op=pdf&app=Library&oclc_number=1033003881 |website=Library and Archives Canada}}</ref> <blockquote>"᱒᱕.᱒ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agenda 21: STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF MAJOR GROUPS |url=https://www.un.org/esa/dsd/agenda21/res_agenda21_25.shtml |website=United Nations}}</ref></blockquote> UNCED ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Towards a National Sustainable Development Strategy |date=January 1993 |url=https://issuu.com/nrtee/docs/agenda21-projet-societe |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=27 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227105720/https://issuu.com/nrtee/docs/agenda21-projet-societe |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱳᱥᱴᱟ ᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] (Costa Rica) ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ, ᱡᱩᱵᱷᱮᱱᱛᱩᱫᱽ (ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ) ᱙᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Block-3 Programmes and Services: YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN in Development |url=https://egyankosh.ac.in/handle/123456789/12871 |website=eGyanKosh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Angel |first=William David |title=The International Law of Youth Rights: Source Documents and Commentary |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |year=1995 |isbn=0-7923-3321-7 |location=Netherlands |pages=645 |language=EN}}</ref> <blockquote>"ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ... ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱒᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ" (UNCED 1992) ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |date=November 13, 2018 |editor-last=Iles |editor-first=Alastair |title=Towards meaningful youth participation in science-policy processes: a case study of the Youth in Landscapes Initiative |journal=Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |volume=6 |doi=10.1525/elementa.327 |bibcode=2018EleSA...6...67D |doi-access=free |last1=Dickson-Hoyle |first1=Sarah |last2=Kovacevic |first2=Michelle |last3=Cherbonnier |first3=Marina |last4=Nicholas |first4=Kimberly A. |page=67 }}</ref></blockquote> UNCED ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ '᱙᱒]] ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title="Youth Conference on Environment and Development (Youth 92)" held in Costa Rica from 22-29 March 1992 |url=https://archives.eui.eu/en/fonds/67337?item=CENYC-146 |website=EU Archives}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1993 |title=A Guide to Agenda 21 |url=https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstream/handle/10625/12885/IDL-12885.pdf?sequence=1 |website=International Development Research Centre (IDRC)}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Global Forum for Environmental Education |url=https://caretakers4all.org/public/upload/forums/v4n3-july1994.pdf |website=Global Network of Teachers and Students, Volume 4, Number 3 |access-date=12 June 2022 |archive-date=12 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712033439/https://www.caretakers4all.org/public/upload/forums/v4n3-july1994.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱛᱤ (rate of change) ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title='My generation has been damned' |url=http://www.herinst.org/envcontext/sustain/summit/critiques/article1.html |website=Third World Resurgence}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ == * [https://www.un.org/esa/dsd/resources/res_docukeyconf_eartsumm.shtml ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ UNCED ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119092403/http://www.un.org/esa/dsd/resources/res_docukeyconf_eartsumm.shtml |date=19 January 2012 }} ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ, ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱑᱙᱙᱒ * [https://www.un.org/en/conferences/environment/rio1992 ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ, ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ, ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ, ᱓–᱑᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱒] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDr2WQWjw1o&ab_channel=REVLUTIONS ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ: ᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱱ ᱥᱩᱡᱩᱠᱤ, ᱮᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱪᱤᱞᱰᱨᱮᱱ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ, UNCED ᱑᱙᱙᱒] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100102141813/http://dalailama.com/messages/environment/address-at-rio ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱚᱱ], [[ᱛᱮᱱᱡᱤᱱ ᱜᱭᱟᱛᱥᱳ]] ᱫᱚᱞᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱢᱟ * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120316134904/http://rio2012.org/intagreements/1992-rio-agenda21.php ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱞᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱒᱑] * ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱯᱟᱪᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ [https://web.archive.org/web/20090201033156/http://www.newint.org/ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ] ᱠᱤᱱᱳᱴ, [http://www.newint.org/features/1992/04/05/keynote/ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ] ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111014004030/http://environmentportal.in/category/thesaurus/rio-summit ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ], ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱳᱨᱴᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ * ᱥᱤᱥᱮᱨᱳ ᱞᱩᱥᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱨ, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/jun/12/rio20-agenda-politicians-john-gummer ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ], ᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱨᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ kkie2rts3alf9h3yjnsat8qkabz6jq5 192835 192834 2026-06-14T19:31:34Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ */ 192835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} {{Infobox event | title = ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ | image = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | date = {{start and end dates|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱓|᱑᱙᱙᱒|᱖|᱑᱔|df=y}} | venue = | location = [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]], ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ | coordinates = | also_known_as = {{unbulleted list|ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ}} | participants = ᱑᱐᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ<ref>https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 Câmara dos Deputados</ref> | outcome = [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ (UNFCCC)]] ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ }} [[Image:Flag of the United Nations.svg|thumb|ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾]] '''ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCED'''), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ([[ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]]: ECO92, Cúpula da Terra) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱘ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio-92 |url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/a-camara/documentos-e-pesquisa/arquivo/sites-tematicos/rio20/eco-92 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Portal da Câmara dos Deputados |language=pt-br}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]] (UNFCCC) ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ" ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ (UNCED) ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱᱛ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥ (COP), ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱼᱟ᱾ UNFCC ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] (NGOs)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|title=World Conferences Introduction|website=www.un.org|access-date=28 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310135935/http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/intro.html|archive-date=10 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[:en:precautionary principle|ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]], [[:en:Common But Differentiated Responsibilities|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ [[:en:polluter pays principle|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morin |first1=Jean-Frédéric |last2=Allan |first2=Jen |last3=Jinnah |first3=Sikina |date=2023 |title=The survival of the weakest: the echo of the Rio Summit principles in environmental treaties |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |journal=Environmental Politics |pages=1–22 |language=en |doi=10.1080/09644016.2023.2236505 |s2cid=260670633 |issn=0964-4016|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ == '''᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ('''UNCHE''') ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ '''ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱦᱳᱢ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱰᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱰᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱦᱳᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ]] (Cold War) ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱼᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ (Platform) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ == ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: * ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱧᱮᱞᱼᱵᱷᱟᱞ — ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱜᱮᱥᱳᱞᱤᱱ|ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱳᱞ]] ᱨᱮ [[:en:Tetraethyllead|ᱥᱤᱥᱟᱹ]], ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳᱼᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ * [[:en:fossil fuel|ᱡᱤᱣᱟᱹᱥᱢᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] (fossil fuels) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ (energy) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ [[ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ * ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱲ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ|ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ (ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱥ/ᱴᱨᱮᱱ)]] ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ * [[ᱫᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱟᱭ * ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Indus Delta: Bilawal says 2.4m acres of land is eroded by seawater |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40178786/indus-delta-bilawal-says-24m-acres-of-land-is-eroded-by-seawater |website=Business Recorder |date=9 June 2022 |access-date=12 June 2022}}</ref> == ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ == == ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ == ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ (climate governance) ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thew |first=Harriet |date=23 February 2018 |title=Youth participation and agency in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |journal=International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=369–389 |doi=10.1007/s10784-018-9392-2 |bibcode=2018IEAPL..18..369T |s2cid=158843174 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ (UNCED) ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ACCREDITED TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT |url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/37713/UNCED_NGO.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |website=UNEP}}</ref> ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱒᱑ (Agenda 21) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱫᱷᱭᱟᱭ ᱒᱕ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vincelette |first=Jocelyn |date=April 1998 |title=FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL RELATIONS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: ATTAINING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH COOPERATION |url=https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.item?id=TC-OSTCB-1268&op=pdf&app=Library&oclc_number=1033003881 |website=Library and Archives Canada}}</ref> <blockquote>"᱒᱕.᱒ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agenda 21: STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF MAJOR GROUPS |url=https://www.un.org/esa/dsd/agenda21/res_agenda21_25.shtml |website=United Nations}}</ref></blockquote> UNCED ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Towards a National Sustainable Development Strategy |date=January 1993 |url=https://issuu.com/nrtee/docs/agenda21-projet-societe |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=27 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227105720/https://issuu.com/nrtee/docs/agenda21-projet-societe |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱳᱥᱴᱟ ᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] (Costa Rica) ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ, ᱡᱩᱵᱷᱮᱱᱛᱩᱫᱽ (ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ) ᱙᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Block-3 Programmes and Services: YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN in Development |url=https://egyankosh.ac.in/handle/123456789/12871 |website=eGyanKosh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Angel |first=William David |title=The International Law of Youth Rights: Source Documents and Commentary |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |year=1995 |isbn=0-7923-3321-7 |location=Netherlands |pages=645 |language=EN}}</ref> <blockquote>"ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ... ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱒᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ" (UNCED 1992) ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |date=November 13, 2018 |editor-last=Iles |editor-first=Alastair |title=Towards meaningful youth participation in science-policy processes: a case study of the Youth in Landscapes Initiative |journal=Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |volume=6 |doi=10.1525/elementa.327 |bibcode=2018EleSA...6...67D |doi-access=free |last1=Dickson-Hoyle |first1=Sarah |last2=Kovacevic |first2=Michelle |last3=Cherbonnier |first3=Marina |last4=Nicholas |first4=Kimberly A. |page=67 }}</ref></blockquote> UNCED ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ '᱙᱒]] ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title="Youth Conference on Environment and Development (Youth 92)" held in Costa Rica from 22-29 March 1992 |url=https://archives.eui.eu/en/fonds/67337?item=CENYC-146 |website=EU Archives}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1993 |title=A Guide to Agenda 21 |url=https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstream/handle/10625/12885/IDL-12885.pdf?sequence=1 |website=International Development Research Centre (IDRC)}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Global Forum for Environmental Education |url=https://caretakers4all.org/public/upload/forums/v4n3-july1994.pdf |website=Global Network of Teachers and Students, Volume 4, Number 3 |access-date=12 June 2022 |archive-date=12 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712033439/https://www.caretakers4all.org/public/upload/forums/v4n3-july1994.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱛᱤ (rate of change) ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title='My generation has been damned' |url=http://www.herinst.org/envcontext/sustain/summit/critiques/article1.html |website=Third World Resurgence}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ == * [https://www.un.org/esa/dsd/resources/res_docukeyconf_eartsumm.shtml ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ UNCED ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119092403/http://www.un.org/esa/dsd/resources/res_docukeyconf_eartsumm.shtml |date=19 January 2012 }} ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ, ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱑᱙᱙᱒ * [https://www.un.org/en/conferences/environment/rio1992 ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ, ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ, ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ, ᱓–᱑᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱒] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDr2WQWjw1o&ab_channel=REVLUTIONS ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ: ᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱱ ᱥᱩᱡᱩᱠᱤ, ᱮᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱪᱤᱞᱰᱨᱮᱱ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ, UNCED ᱑᱙᱙᱒] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100102141813/http://dalailama.com/messages/environment/address-at-rio ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱚᱱ], [[ᱛᱮᱱᱡᱤᱱ ᱜᱭᱟᱛᱥᱳ]] ᱫᱚᱞᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱢᱟ * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120316134904/http://rio2012.org/intagreements/1992-rio-agenda21.php ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱞᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱒᱑] * ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱯᱟᱪᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ [https://web.archive.org/web/20090201033156/http://www.newint.org/ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ] ᱠᱤᱱᱳᱴ, [http://www.newint.org/features/1992/04/05/keynote/ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ] ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111014004030/http://environmentportal.in/ᱛᱷᱚᱠ/thesaurus/rio-summit ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ], ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱳᱨᱴᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ * ᱥᱤᱥᱮᱨᱳ ᱞᱩᱥᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱨ, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/jun/12/rio20-agenda-politicians-john-gummer ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ], ᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱨᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱢᱮᱞᱫ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐ ᱥᱟᱭᱼᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱩᱛ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ (ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]] b3ft6rm712ko76d7lz2bkgjj7jhzu8s 0 36225 192836 2026-06-15T04:40:19Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 "{{Short description|ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ}} '''ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ-ᱯᱚᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟ..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 192836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ}} '''ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ-ᱯᱚᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ᱾<ref name=":1">United Nations General Assembly (1987) .[https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf ''Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331195909/https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf March 2022}}. Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 – Development and International Co-operation: Environment.</ref><ref name=":72">{{cite web |author=United Nations General Assembly |date=20 March 1987 |title=''Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future''; Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 – Development and International Co-operation: Environment; Our Common Future, Chapter 2: Towards Sustainable Development; Paragraph 1 |url=http://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htm |access-date=1 March 2010 |publisher=[[United Nations General Assembly]]}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robert |first1=Kates W. |last2=Parris |first2=Thomas M. |last3=Leiserowitz |first3=Anthony A. |title=What is Sustainable Development? Goals, Indicators, Values, and Practice |journal=Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development |date=2005 |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=8–21 |doi=10.1080/00139157.2005.10524444|bibcode=2005ESPSD..47c...8R |s2cid=154882898 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mensah |first1=Justice |title=Sustainable development: Meaning, history, principles, pillars, and implications for human action: Literature review |journal=Cogent Social Sciences |date=2019 |volume=5 |issue=1 |article-number=1653531 |doi=10.1080/23311886.2019.1653531 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ]], [[ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ]] (ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱠᱷᱩᱱᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱩᱱᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ (sustainability) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[:en:Normativity|ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Purvis">{{Cite journal |last1=Purvis |first1=Ben |last2=Mao |first2=Yong |last3=Robinson |first3=Darren |date=2019 |title=Three pillars of sustainability: in search of conceptual origins |journal=Sustainability Science |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=681–695 |bibcode=2019SuSc...14..681P |doi=10.1007/s11625-018-0627-5 |doi-access=free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> [[ᱭᱩᱱᱮᱥᱠᱚ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ: "'ᱴᱣᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ-ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ: ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾"<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |date=2015-08-03 |title=Sustainable Development |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-sustainable-development/what-is-esd/sd |access-date=20 January 2022 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ 'ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱮᱥ' (Rio Process) ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ]] (SDGs) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫ᱾<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Yunita |first1=Abbie |last2=Biermann |first2=Frank |last3=Kim |first3=Rakhyun E. |last4=Vijge |first4=Marjanneke J. |date=2022 |title=The (anti-)politics of policy coherence for sustainable development in the Netherlands: Logic, method, effects |journal=Geoforum |language=en |volume=128 |pages=92–102 |doi=10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.12.002 |doi-access=free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> ᱒᱐᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ]] (UNGA) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱣᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ|ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱚᱨᱮᱡ]], [[ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ]], [[ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱰᱟᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱟᱫ|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ]], ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱠ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱟ᱾ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[:en:oxymoron|ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱷᱟᱥ]] (ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ 'ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=":13">{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=James H. |date=2015 |title=The Oxymoron of Sustainable Development |journal=[[BioScience]] |volume=65 |issue=10 |pages=1027–1029 |doi=10.1093/biosci/biv117 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Colin C |last2=Millington |first2=Andrew C |date=2004 |title=The diverse and contested meanings of sustainable development |journal=[[The Geographical Journal]] |volume=170 |issue=2 |pages=99–104 |bibcode=2004GeogJ.170...99W |doi=10.1111/j.0016-7398.2004.00111.x |s2cid=143181802}}</ref> ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ "ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ" ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾<ref name=":3" /> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ (digitalization) ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱛᱭᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ (ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ) ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Ajay Kumar |last2=Jyoti |first2=Bhim |date=2023 |title=Impact of Digitalization on Global Sustainable Development Across Countries |journal=Green and Low-Carbon Economy |doi=10.26599/GLCE.2023.9030000 |doi-broken-date=30 November 2025 |url=https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/GLCE/article/view/1482 |access-date=October 30, 2025}}</ref>{{TOC limit|3}} ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱥᱴᱚᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ (research) ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱱᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Filho | first1 = WL | last2 = Wall | first2 = T | last3 = Salvia | first3 = AL | last4 = Dinis | first4 = MAP | last5 = Mifsud | first5 = M | title = The central role of climate action in achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals | journal = Sci Rep | year = 2023 | volume = 13 | issue = 1 | page = 20582 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-023-47746-w | pmid = 37996539 | pmc = 10667514 | bibcode = 2023NatSR..1320582F }}</ref> dcsedsesg750ya5dc0jp5on8yqbkwwk 192837 192836 2026-06-15T04:40:40Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 192837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ}} '''ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ-ᱯᱚᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ᱾<ref name=":1">United Nations General Assembly (1987) .[https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf ''Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331195909/https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf March 2022}}. Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 – Development and International Co-operation: Environment.</ref><ref name=":72">{{cite web |author=United Nations General Assembly |date=20 March 1987 |title=''Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future''; Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 – Development and International Co-operation: Environment; Our Common Future, Chapter 2: Towards Sustainable Development; Paragraph 1 |url=http://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htm |access-date=1 March 2010 |publisher=[[United Nations General Assembly]]}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robert |first1=Kates W. |last2=Parris |first2=Thomas M. |last3=Leiserowitz |first3=Anthony A. |title=What is Sustainable Development? Goals, Indicators, Values, and Practice |journal=Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development |date=2005 |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=8–21 |doi=10.1080/00139157.2005.10524444|bibcode=2005ESPSD..47c...8R |s2cid=154882898 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mensah |first1=Justice |title=Sustainable development: Meaning, history, principles, pillars, and implications for human action: Literature review |journal=Cogent Social Sciences |date=2019 |volume=5 |issue=1 |article-number=1653531 |doi=10.1080/23311886.2019.1653531 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ]], [[ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ]] (ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱠᱷᱩᱱᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱩᱱᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ (sustainability) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[:en:Normativity|ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Purvis">{{Cite journal |last1=Purvis |first1=Ben |last2=Mao |first2=Yong |last3=Robinson |first3=Darren |date=2019 |title=Three pillars of sustainability: in search of conceptual origins |journal=Sustainability Science |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=681–695 |bibcode=2019SuSc...14..681P |doi=10.1007/s11625-018-0627-5 |doi-access=free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> [[ᱭᱩᱱᱮᱥᱠᱚ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ: "'ᱴᱣᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ-ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ: ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾"<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |date=2015-08-03 |title=Sustainable Development |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-sustainable-development/what-is-esd/sd |access-date=20 January 2022 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ 'ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱮᱥ' (Rio Process) ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ]] (SDGs) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫ᱾<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Yunita |first1=Abbie |last2=Biermann |first2=Frank |last3=Kim |first3=Rakhyun E. |last4=Vijge |first4=Marjanneke J. |date=2022 |title=The (anti-)politics of policy coherence for sustainable development in the Netherlands: Logic, method, effects |journal=Geoforum |language=en |volume=128 |pages=92–102 |doi=10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.12.002 |doi-access=free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> ᱒᱐᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ]] (UNGA) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱣᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ|ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱚᱨᱮᱡ]], [[ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ]], [[ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱰᱟᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱟᱫ|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ]], ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱠ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱟ᱾ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[:en:oxymoron|ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱷᱟᱥ]] (ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ 'ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=":13">{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=James H. |date=2015 |title=The Oxymoron of Sustainable Development |journal=[[BioScience]] |volume=65 |issue=10 |pages=1027–1029 |doi=10.1093/biosci/biv117 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Colin C |last2=Millington |first2=Andrew C |date=2004 |title=The diverse and contested meanings of sustainable development |journal=[[The Geographical Journal]] |volume=170 |issue=2 |pages=99–104 |bibcode=2004GeogJ.170...99W |doi=10.1111/j.0016-7398.2004.00111.x |s2cid=143181802}}</ref> ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ "ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ" ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾<ref name=":3" /> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ (digitalization) ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱛᱭᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ (ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ) ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Ajay Kumar |last2=Jyoti |first2=Bhim |date=2023 |title=Impact of Digitalization on Global Sustainable Development Across Countries |journal=Green and Low-Carbon Economy |doi=10.26599/GLCE.2023.9030000 |doi-broken-date=30 November 2025 |url=https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/GLCE/article/view/1482 |access-date=October 30, 2025}}</ref>{{TOC limit|3}} ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱥᱴᱚᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ (research) ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱱᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Filho | first1 = WL | last2 = Wall | first2 = T | last3 = Salvia | first3 = AL | last4 = Dinis | first4 = MAP | last5 = Mifsud | first5 = M | title = The central role of climate action in achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals | journal = Sci Rep | year = 2023 | volume = 13 | issue = 1 | page = 20582 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-023-47746-w | pmid = 37996539 | pmc = 10667514 | bibcode = 2023NatSR..1320582F }}</ref> h28q0vxvchdph70pfablwgfrdsqdp0c 192838 192837 2026-06-15T04:42:11Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 192838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ}} '''ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ-ᱯᱚᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ᱾<ref name=":1">United Nations General Assembly (1987) .[https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf ''Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331195909/https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf March 2022}}. Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 – Development and International Co-operation: Environment.</ref><ref name=":72">{{cite web |author=United Nations General Assembly |date=20 March 1987 |title=''Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future''; Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 – Development and International Co-operation: Environment; Our Common Future, Chapter 2: Towards Sustainable Development; Paragraph 1 |url=http://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htm |access-date=1 March 2010 |publisher=[[United Nations General Assembly]]}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robert |first1=Kates W. |last2=Parris |first2=Thomas M. |last3=Leiserowitz |first3=Anthony A. |title=What is Sustainable Development? Goals, Indicators, Values, and Practice |journal=Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development |date=2005 |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=8–21 |doi=10.1080/00139157.2005.10524444|bibcode=2005ESPSD..47c...8R |s2cid=154882898 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mensah |first1=Justice |title=Sustainable development: Meaning, history, principles, pillars, and implications for human action: Literature review |journal=Cogent Social Sciences |date=2019 |volume=5 |issue=1 |article-number=1653531 |doi=10.1080/23311886.2019.1653531 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ]], [[ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ]] (ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱠᱷᱩᱱᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱩᱱᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ (sustainability) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[:en:Normativity|ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Purvis">{{Cite journal |last1=Purvis |first1=Ben |last2=Mao |first2=Yong |last3=Robinson |first3=Darren |date=2019 |title=Three pillars of sustainability: in search of conceptual origins |journal=Sustainability Science |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=681–695 |bibcode=2019SuSc...14..681P |doi=10.1007/s11625-018-0627-5 |doi-access=free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> [[ᱭᱩᱱᱮᱥᱠᱚ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ: "'ᱴᱣᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ-ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ: ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾"<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |date=2015-08-03 |title=Sustainable Development |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-sustainable-development/what-is-esd/sd |access-date=20 January 2022 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ 'ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱮᱥ' (Rio Process) ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ]] (SDGs) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫ᱾<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Yunita |first1=Abbie |last2=Biermann |first2=Frank |last3=Kim |first3=Rakhyun E. |last4=Vijge |first4=Marjanneke J. |date=2022 |title=The (anti-)politics of policy coherence for sustainable development in the Netherlands: Logic, method, effects |journal=Geoforum |language=en |volume=128 |pages=92–102 |doi=10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.12.002 |doi-access=free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> ᱒᱐᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ]] (UNGA) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱣᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ|ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱚᱨᱮᱡ]], [[ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ]], [[ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱰᱟᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱟᱫ|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ]], ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱠ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱟ᱾ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[:en:oxymoron|ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱷᱟᱥ]] (ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ 'ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=":13">{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=James H. |date=2015 |title=The Oxymoron of Sustainable Development |journal=[[BioScience]] |volume=65 |issue=10 |pages=1027–1029 |doi=10.1093/biosci/biv117 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Colin C |last2=Millington |first2=Andrew C |date=2004 |title=The diverse and contested meanings of sustainable development |journal=[[The Geographical Journal]] |volume=170 |issue=2 |pages=99–104 |bibcode=2004GeogJ.170...99W |doi=10.1111/j.0016-7398.2004.00111.x |s2cid=143181802}}</ref> ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ "ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ" ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾<ref name=":3" /> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ (digitalization) ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱛᱭᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ (ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ) ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Ajay Kumar |last2=Jyoti |first2=Bhim |date=2023 |title=Impact of Digitalization on Global Sustainable Development Across Countries |journal=Green and Low-Carbon Economy |doi=10.26599/GLCE.2023.9030000 |doi-broken-date=30 November 2025 |url=https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/GLCE/article/view/1482 |access-date=October 30, 2025}}</ref>{{TOC limit|3}} ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱥᱴᱚᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ (research) ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱱᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Filho | first1 = WL | last2 = Wall | first2 = T | last3 = Salvia | first3 = AL | last4 = Dinis | first4 = MAP | last5 = Mifsud | first5 = M | title = The central role of climate action in achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals | journal = Sci Rep | year = 2023 | volume = 13 | issue = 1 | page = 20582 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-023-47746-w | pmid = 37996539 | pmc = 10667514 | bibcode = 2023NatSR..1320582F }}</ref> 5el9i0tvnr758az5f1r6kp1p8i0pnih 192839 192838 2026-06-15T04:48:00Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 192839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ}} '''ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ-ᱯᱚᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ᱾<ref name=":1">United Nations General Assembly (1987) .[https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf ''Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331195909/https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf March 2022}}. Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 – Development and International Co-operation: Environment.</ref><ref name=":72">{{cite web |author=United Nations General Assembly |date=20 March 1987 |title=''Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future''; Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 – Development and International Co-operation: Environment; Our Common Future, Chapter 2: Towards Sustainable Development; Paragraph 1 |url=http://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htm |access-date=1 March 2010 |publisher=[[United Nations General Assembly]]}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robert |first1=Kates W. |last2=Parris |first2=Thomas M. |last3=Leiserowitz |first3=Anthony A. |title=What is Sustainable Development? Goals, Indicators, Values, and Practice |journal=Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development |date=2005 |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=8–21 |doi=10.1080/00139157.2005.10524444|bibcode=2005ESPSD..47c...8R |s2cid=154882898 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mensah |first1=Justice |title=Sustainable development: Meaning, history, principles, pillars, and implications for human action: Literature review |journal=Cogent Social Sciences |date=2019 |volume=5 |issue=1 |article-number=1653531 |doi=10.1080/23311886.2019.1653531 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ]], [[ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ]] (ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱠᱷᱩᱱᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱩᱱᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ (sustainability) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[:en:Normativity|ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Purvis">{{Cite journal |last1=Purvis |first1=Ben |last2=Mao |first2=Yong |last3=Robinson |first3=Darren |date=2019 |title=Three pillars of sustainability: in search of conceptual origins |journal=Sustainability Science |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=681–695 |bibcode=2019SuSc...14..681P |doi=10.1007/s11625-018-0627-5 |doi-access=free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> [[ᱭᱩᱱᱮᱥᱠᱚ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ: "'ᱴᱣᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ-ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ: ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾"<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |date=2015-08-03 |title=Sustainable Development |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-sustainable-development/what-is-esd/sd |access-date=20 January 2022 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ 'ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱮᱥ' (Rio Process) ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ]] (SDGs) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫ᱾<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Yunita |first1=Abbie |last2=Biermann |first2=Frank |last3=Kim |first3=Rakhyun E. |last4=Vijge |first4=Marjanneke J. |date=2022 |title=The (anti-)politics of policy coherence for sustainable development in the Netherlands: Logic, method, effects |journal=Geoforum |language=en |volume=128 |pages=92–102 |doi=10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.12.002 |doi-access=free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> ᱒᱐᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ]] (UNGA) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱣᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ|ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱚᱨᱮᱡ]], [[ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ]], [[ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱰᱟᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱟᱫ|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ]], ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱠ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱟ᱾ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[:en:oxymoron|ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱷᱟᱥ]] (ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ 'ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=":13">{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=James H. |date=2015 |title=The Oxymoron of Sustainable Development |journal=[[BioScience]] |volume=65 |issue=10 |pages=1027–1029 |doi=10.1093/biosci/biv117 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Colin C |last2=Millington |first2=Andrew C |date=2004 |title=The diverse and contested meanings of sustainable development |journal=[[The Geographical Journal]] |volume=170 |issue=2 |pages=99–104 |bibcode=2004GeogJ.170...99W |doi=10.1111/j.0016-7398.2004.00111.x |s2cid=143181802}}</ref> ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ "ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ" ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾<ref name=":3" /> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ (digitalization) ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱛᱭᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ (ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ) ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Ajay Kumar |last2=Jyoti |first2=Bhim |date=2023 |title=Impact of Digitalization on Global Sustainable Development Across Countries |journal=Green and Low-Carbon Economy |doi=10.26599/GLCE.2023.9030000 |doi-broken-date=30 November 2025 |url=https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/GLCE/article/view/1482 |access-date=October 30, 2025}}</ref>{{TOC limit|3}} ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱥᱴᱚᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ (research) ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱱᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Filho | first1 = WL | last2 = Wall | first2 = T | last3 = Salvia | first3 = AL | last4 = Dinis | first4 = MAP | last5 = Mifsud | first5 = M | title = The central role of climate action in achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals | journal = Sci Rep | year = 2023 | volume = 13 | issue = 1 | page = 20582 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-023-47746-w | pmid = 37996539 | pmc = 10667514 | bibcode = 2023NatSR..1320582F }}</ref> ==ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ== ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[:en:World Commission on Environment and Development|World Commission on Environment and Development]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''Our Common Future'' (ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ)᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱩᱱᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name=":1" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ "ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ" ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (definition) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Keeble |first1=Brian R. |title=The Brundtland report: 'Our common future' |journal=Medicine and War |date=1988 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=17–25 |doi=10.1080/07488008808408783}}</ref> {{Blockquote|ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: * 'ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ * ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ (ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾|author=[[World Commission on Environment and Development]]|source=''[[Our Common Future]]'' (1987)}}ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]], [[ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ]] ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name=":3" /> ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ-ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ (market-driven) ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱢᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱣᱦᱟᱱ, ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ-ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ (discourses) ᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾<ref name=":6" /> cktssjygtfnwepg20pmv6jo66oi4qrx 192840 192839 2026-06-15T04:50:50Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 192840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ}} '''ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ-ᱯᱚᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ᱾<ref name=":1">United Nations General Assembly (1987) .[https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf ''Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331195909/https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf March 2022}}. Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 – Development and International Co-operation: Environment.</ref><ref name=":72">{{cite web |author=United Nations General Assembly |date=20 March 1987 |title=''Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future''; Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 – Development and International Co-operation: Environment; Our Common Future, Chapter 2: Towards Sustainable Development; Paragraph 1 |url=http://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htm |access-date=1 March 2010 |publisher=[[United Nations General Assembly]]}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robert |first1=Kates W. |last2=Parris |first2=Thomas M. |last3=Leiserowitz |first3=Anthony A. |title=What is Sustainable Development? Goals, Indicators, Values, and Practice |journal=Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development |date=2005 |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=8–21 |doi=10.1080/00139157.2005.10524444|bibcode=2005ESPSD..47c...8R |s2cid=154882898 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mensah |first1=Justice |title=Sustainable development: Meaning, history, principles, pillars, and implications for human action: Literature review |journal=Cogent Social Sciences |date=2019 |volume=5 |issue=1 |article-number=1653531 |doi=10.1080/23311886.2019.1653531 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ]], [[ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ]] (ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱠᱷᱩᱱᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱩᱱᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ (sustainability) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[:en:Normativity|ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Purvis">{{Cite journal |last1=Purvis |first1=Ben |last2=Mao |first2=Yong |last3=Robinson |first3=Darren |date=2019 |title=Three pillars of sustainability: in search of conceptual origins |journal=Sustainability Science |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=681–695 |bibcode=2019SuSc...14..681P |doi=10.1007/s11625-018-0627-5 |doi-access=free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> [[ᱭᱩᱱᱮᱥᱠᱚ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ: "'ᱴᱣᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ-ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ: ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ᱾"<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |date=2015-08-03 |title=Sustainable Development |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-sustainable-development/what-is-esd/sd |access-date=20 January 2022 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ 'ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱮᱥ' (Rio Process) ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ]] (SDGs) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫ᱾<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Yunita |first1=Abbie |last2=Biermann |first2=Frank |last3=Kim |first3=Rakhyun E. |last4=Vijge |first4=Marjanneke J. |date=2022 |title=The (anti-)politics of policy coherence for sustainable development in the Netherlands: Logic, method, effects |journal=Geoforum |language=en |volume=128 |pages=92–102 |doi=10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.12.002 |doi-access=free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> ᱒᱐᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ]] (UNGA) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱣᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ|ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱚᱨᱮᱡ]], [[ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ]], [[ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱰᱟᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱟᱫ|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ]], ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱠ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱟ᱾ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[:en:oxymoron|ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱷᱟᱥ]] (ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ 'ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=":13">{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=James H. |date=2015 |title=The Oxymoron of Sustainable Development |journal=[[BioScience]] |volume=65 |issue=10 |pages=1027–1029 |doi=10.1093/biosci/biv117 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Colin C |last2=Millington |first2=Andrew C |date=2004 |title=The diverse and contested meanings of sustainable development |journal=[[The Geographical Journal]] |volume=170 |issue=2 |pages=99–104 |bibcode=2004GeogJ.170...99W |doi=10.1111/j.0016-7398.2004.00111.x |s2cid=143181802}}</ref> ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ "ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ" ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾<ref name=":3" /> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ (digitalization) ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱛᱭᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ (ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ) ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Ajay Kumar |last2=Jyoti |first2=Bhim |date=2023 |title=Impact of Digitalization on Global Sustainable Development Across Countries |journal=Green and Low-Carbon Economy |doi=10.26599/GLCE.2023.9030000 |doi-broken-date=30 November 2025 |url=https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/GLCE/article/view/1482 |access-date=October 30, 2025}}</ref>{{TOC limit|3}} ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱥᱴᱚᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ (research) ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱱᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Filho | first1 = WL | last2 = Wall | first2 = T | last3 = Salvia | first3 = AL | last4 = Dinis | first4 = MAP | last5 = Mifsud | first5 = M | title = The central role of climate action in achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals | journal = Sci Rep | year = 2023 | volume = 13 | issue = 1 | page = 20582 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-023-47746-w | pmid = 37996539 | pmc = 10667514 | bibcode = 2023NatSR..1320582F }}</ref> ==ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ== ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[:en:World Commission on Environment and Development|World Commission on Environment and Development]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''Our Common Future'' (ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ)᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱩᱱᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name=":1" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ "ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ" ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (definition) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Keeble |first1=Brian R. |title=The Brundtland report: 'Our common future' |journal=Medicine and War |date=1988 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=17–25 |doi=10.1080/07488008808408783}}</ref> {{Blockquote|ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱟᱭ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: * 'ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ * ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ (ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾|author=[[World Commission on Environment and Development]]|source=''[[Our Common Future]]'' (1987)}}ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ]], [[ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ]] ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name=":3" /> ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ-ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ (market-driven) ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱢᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱣᱦᱟᱱ, ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ-ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ (discourses) ᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾<ref name=":6" /> == ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ == == ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ == == ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ == == ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚ == == ᱦᱚᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ == == ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ == == ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱞᱟ == == ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ == == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == iajl9l2nzqoh4v87wip0byjj8dvcutx 0 36226 192841 2026-06-15T05:24:09Z MT731 2184 "{{Short description|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱜᱳᱞᱟ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ Road | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = | image_size..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 192841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱜᱳᱞᱟ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ Road | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | address = ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱭᱯᱟᱥ, [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] | country = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | coordinates = {{coord|23.5455|85.6971|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | map_type = | elevation = {{convert|340|m|ft}} | line = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | other = | structure = | platform = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ | tracks = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | entrances = | parking = | baggage_check = | opened = ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = ᱦᱳᱭ | accessible = | code = {{Indian railway code | code = GRE | zone = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | division = {{rwd|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ}} }} | owned = | operator = | status = ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ | former = | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | services = {{Adjacent stations|system=ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|line=ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|left=ᱦᱟᱨᱩᱵᱮᱲᱟ|right=ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ|type=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]}} | map_locator = }} '''ᱜᱳᱞᱟ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱭᱯᱟᱥ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Rahul Kr |title=Gola Road Railway Station Map/Atlas SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/gola-road-gre/2155 |access-date=2025-11-07 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ-ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (CIC section) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frequently Asked Indian Railways Questions - 118 - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/faq/117 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lok Sabha Secretariat |url=http://archive.org/details/eparlib.nic.in.424710 |title=ELECTRIFICATION BETWEEN CHANDIL MURI BARKAKANA RAIL LINE (18-Apr-2002) |date=2002-04-18 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MINISTRY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS |title=Condonations to IRSOD - Other than Rolling Stock - 20 |url=https://nfr.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,366,526,626,1096 |access-date=11 December 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] q8lynakohtf0og93ieiljk3be8r1hd6 0 36227 192842 2026-06-15T05:45:07Z MT731 2184 "{{Short description|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱞᱰᱤᱦ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = | image_size..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 192842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱞᱰᱤᱦ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | address = ᱥᱤᱨᱠᱟᱰᱤᱦ, [[ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] | country = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | coordinates = {{coord|23.132246|85.930834|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | map_type = | elevation = {{convert|201|m|ft}} | line = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | other = | structure = | platform = ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ | tracks = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | entrances = | parking = | baggage_check = | opened = ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = ᱦᱳᱭ | accessible = | code = {{Indian railway code | code = TUL | zone = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | division = {{rwd|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ}} }} | owned = | operator = | status = ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ | former = | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | services = {{Adjacent stations|system=ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|line=ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|left=ᱵᱚᱠᱚᱨᱠᱩᱰᱤ|right=ᱥᱩᱭᱥᱟ|type=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]}} | map_locator = }} '''ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱞᱰᱤᱦ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱠᱟᱰᱤᱦ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tiruldih Railway Station Map/Atlas SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/tiruldih-tul/1948|website=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=2025-12-02|first=Abdul|last=Rehman}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=TUL / Tiruldih Railway Station {{!}} Train Arrival / Departure Timings at Tiruldih|url=http://www.totaltraininfo.com/station/tul/|website=www.totaltraininfo.com|access-date=2025-12-02|language=en|last=TTI}}</ref> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ-ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (CIC section) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frequently Asked Indian Railways Questions - 118 - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/faq/117 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lok Sabha Secretariat |url=http://archive.org/details/eparlib.nic.in.424710 |title=ELECTRIFICATION BETWEEN CHANDIL MURI BARKAKANA RAIL LINE (18-Apr-2002) |date=2002-04-18 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MINISTRY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS |title=Condonations to IRSOD - Other than Rolling Stock - 20 |url=https://nfr.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,366,526,626,1096 |access-date=11 December 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] jbejkzsctw5v1kz4y27gvw7me30ba56 0 36228 192843 2026-06-15T06:48:28Z MT731 2184 "{{Short description|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱴᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = | image_size..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 192843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱴᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | address = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱔, ᱴᱳᱨᱟᱝ, [[ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | country = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | coordinates = {{coord|23.26814|85.858638|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | map_type = | elevation = {{convert|246|m|ft}} | line = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | other = | structure = | platform = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ | tracks = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | entrances = | parking = | baggage_check = | opened = ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = ᱦᱳᱭ | accessible = | code = {{Indian railway code | code = TRAN | zone = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | division = {{rwd|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ}} }} | owned = | operator = | status = ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ | former = | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | services = {{Adjacent stations|system=ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|line=ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|left=ᱥᱩᱭᱥᱟ|right=ᱤᱞᱞᱩ|type=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]}} | map_locator = }} '''ᱴᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱔ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Torang Railway Station Map/Atlas SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/torang-tran/1950|website=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=2025-12-01|first=Joydeep|last=roy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=TRAN / Torang Railway Station {{!}} Train Arrival / Departure Timings at Torang|url=https://www.totaltraininfo.com/station/tran/|website=www.totaltraininfo.com|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en|last=TTI}}</ref> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ-ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (CIC section) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frequently Asked Indian Railways Questions - 118 - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/faq/117 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lok Sabha Secretariat |url=http://archive.org/details/eparlib.nic.in.424710 |title=ELECTRIFICATION BETWEEN CHANDIL MURI BARKAKANA RAIL LINE (18-Apr-2002) |date=2002-04-18 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MINISTRY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS |title=Condonations to IRSOD - Other than Rolling Stock - 20 |url=https://nfr.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,366,526,626,1096 |access-date=11 December 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] 5ytwfey16haai614bxoevncpbunif83 192844 192843 2026-06-15T07:19:04Z MT731 2184 MT731 ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱴᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 192843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱴᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | address = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱔, ᱴᱳᱨᱟᱝ, [[ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | country = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | coordinates = {{coord|23.26814|85.858638|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | map_type = | elevation = {{convert|246|m|ft}} | line = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | other = | structure = | platform = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ | tracks = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | entrances = | parking = | baggage_check = | opened = ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = ᱦᱳᱭ | accessible = | code = {{Indian railway code | code = TRAN | zone = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | division = {{rwd|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ}} }} | owned = | operator = | status = ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ | former = | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | services = {{Adjacent stations|system=ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|line=ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|left=ᱥᱩᱭᱥᱟ|right=ᱤᱞᱞᱩ|type=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]}} | map_locator = }} '''ᱴᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱔ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Torang Railway Station Map/Atlas SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/torang-tran/1950|website=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=2025-12-01|first=Joydeep|last=roy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=TRAN / Torang Railway Station {{!}} Train Arrival / Departure Timings at Torang|url=https://www.totaltraininfo.com/station/tran/|website=www.totaltraininfo.com|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en|last=TTI}}</ref> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ-ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (CIC section) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frequently Asked Indian Railways Questions - 118 - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/faq/117 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lok Sabha Secretariat |url=http://archive.org/details/eparlib.nic.in.424710 |title=ELECTRIFICATION BETWEEN CHANDIL MURI BARKAKANA RAIL LINE (18-Apr-2002) |date=2002-04-18 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MINISTRY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS |title=Condonations to IRSOD - Other than Rolling Stock - 20 |url=https://nfr.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,366,526,626,1096 |access-date=11 December 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] 5ytwfey16haai614bxoevncpbunif83 192846 192844 2026-06-15T07:20:32Z MT731 2184 192846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱛᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | address = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱔, ᱛᱳᱨᱟᱝ, [[ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | country = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | coordinates = {{coord|23.26814|85.858638|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | map_type = | elevation = {{convert|246|m|ft}} | line = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | other = | structure = | platform = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ | tracks = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | entrances = | parking = | baggage_check = | opened = ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = ᱦᱳᱭ | accessible = | code = {{Indian railway code | code = TRAN | zone = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | division = {{rwd|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ}} }} | owned = | operator = | status = ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ | former = | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | services = {{Adjacent stations|system=ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|line=ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|left=ᱥᱩᱭᱥᱟ|right=ᱤᱞᱞᱩ|type=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]}} | map_locator = }} '''ᱛᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱔ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Torang Railway Station Map/Atlas SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/torang-tran/1950|website=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=2025-12-01|first=Joydeep|last=roy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=TRAN / Torang Railway Station {{!}} Train Arrival / Departure Timings at Torang|url=https://www.totaltraininfo.com/station/tran/|website=www.totaltraininfo.com|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en|last=TTI}}</ref> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ-ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (CIC section) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frequently Asked Indian Railways Questions - 118 - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/faq/117 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lok Sabha Secretariat |url=http://archive.org/details/eparlib.nic.in.424710 |title=ELECTRIFICATION BETWEEN CHANDIL MURI BARKAKANA RAIL LINE (18-Apr-2002) |date=2002-04-18 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MINISTRY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS |title=Condonations to IRSOD - Other than Rolling Stock - 20 |url=https://nfr.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,366,526,626,1096 |access-date=11 December 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] sboo8yivqmx731fb0gdiw6le200hgsf 0 36229 192845 2026-06-15T07:19:05Z MT731 2184 MT731 ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱴᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 192845 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ᱛᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] nclg7r5z5rpl9zveex46wx6cknwcbai 0 36230 192847 2026-06-15T10:06:26Z MT731 2184 "{{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱥᱩᱭᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 192847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱥᱩᱭᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | address = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱔, ᱥᱩᱭᱥᱟ, [[ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | country = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | coordinates = {{coord|23.196775|85.909013|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | map_type = | elevation = {{convert|220|m|ft}} | line = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | other = | structure = | platform = ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ | tracks = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | entrances = | parking = | baggage_check = | opened = ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = ᱦᱳᱭ | accessible = | code = {{Indian railway code | code = SSIA | zone = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | division = {{rwd|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ}} }} | owned = | operator = | status = ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ | former = | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | services = {{Adjacent stations|system=ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|line=ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|left=ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱞᱰᱤᱦ|right=ᱛᱳᱨᱟᱝ|type=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]}} | map_locator = }} '''ᱥᱩᱭᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱭᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱔ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Suisa Railway Station Map/Atlas SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/suisa-ssia/1949|website=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=2025-12-01|first=Joydeep|last=roy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=MEMU trains at Suisa Railway Station (SSIA) {{!}} Train Arrival / Departure Timings at Suisa|url=https://www.totaltraininfo.com/station/ssia/35|website=www.totaltraininfo.com|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en|last=TTI}}</ref> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ-ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (CIC section) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frequently Asked Indian Railways Questions - 118 - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/faq/117 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lok Sabha Secretariat |url=http://archive.org/details/eparlib.nic.in.424710 |title=ELECTRIFICATION BETWEEN CHANDIL MURI BARKAKANA RAIL LINE (18-Apr-2002) |date=2002-04-18 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MINISTRY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS |title=Condonations to IRSOD - Other than Rolling Stock - 20 |url=https://nfr.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,366,526,626,1096 |access-date=11 December 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] l3pk6221qw2m96crmsusnbgyvwjfndd 0 36231 192848 2026-06-15T11:12:07Z MT731 2184 "{{short description|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱯᱤᱥᱠᱟ | type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = Piska r..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 192848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱯᱤᱥᱠᱟ | type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = Piska railway station.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | address = ᱯᱤᱥᱠᱟ, [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] | country = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | coordinates = {{Coord|23.3296435|N|85.2064969|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline}} | elevation = {{convert|707|m|ft}} | line = [[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱥᱳᱱ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] | other = | structure = [[:en:Intersection_(road)#At_grade_railways|ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]] | platform = ᱯᱮᱭᱟ | tracks = ᱵᱨᱳᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ | entrances = | parking = ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ | baggage_check = | opened = | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = <!-- check later 2003-2004<ref name=elec>{{cite web|title=History of Electrification|url=http://www.irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html|work=information published by CORE (Central Organization for Railway Electrification)|publisher=CORE (Central Organization for Railway Electrification)|accessdate=1 April 2012}}</ref> --> | accessible = | code = {{Indian railway code | code = PIS | zone = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | division = {{rwd|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ}} }} | owned = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | operator = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | status = {{color|green|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ}} | former = | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | route_map = {{ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱥᱳᱱ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ}} | pass_system = | map_locator = }} '''ᱯᱤᱥᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ''' (ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ: '''PIS''') ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱥᱳᱱ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=18 November 2025 |title=Redevelopment of Piska Station of South Eastern Railway under Amrit Bharat Station Scheme |url=https://ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=8865&id=0,4,423 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=ser.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Pradhan |first=Avradip |title=Piska Railway Station Map/Atlas SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/piska-pis/5362 |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=TTI |title=PIS / Piska Railway Station {{!}} Train Arrival / Departure Timings at Piska |url=http://www.totaltraininfo.com/station/pis/ |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=www.totaltraininfo.com |language=en}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱥᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱩ ᱨᱮᱞᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Live Trains at PISKA F S (PIS) Railway Station : etrain.info |url=https://etrain.info/station/Piska-F-S-PIS/live |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=etrain.info |language=en}}</ref> ==ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ== ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨᱵᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱟᱨ, ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱥᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱩ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":1" /> ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱢᱨᱤᱛ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱠᱤᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ, ᱥᱮᱞᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱑᱒ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱯᱷᱴ, ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱯᱨᱚᱪ ᱨᱚᱰ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱩᱞᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱠᱤᱝ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amrit Bharat Stations - SER |url=https://ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=7175&id=0,4,423 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240917093452/https://ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=7175&id=0,4,423 |archive-date=2024-09-17 |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=ser.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=झारखंड के पिस्का स्टेशन की बदलेगी सूरत, रेस्ट रूम से लेकर लिफ्ट तक की होगी सुविधा |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/jharkhand/ranchi-piska-station-will-change-there-will-be-facilities-from-rest-room-to-lift-7810735.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20231108191047/https://hindi.news18.com/news/jharkhand/ranchi-piska-station-will-change-there-will-be-facilities-from-rest-room-to-lift-7810735.html |archive-date=2023-11-08 |access-date=2025-12-20 |work=News18 हिंदी |language=hi-IN}}</ref> ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱵᱩᱠᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱟᱨ, ᱣᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ, ᱣᱟᱴᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱛᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱵᱮᱥᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱢᱯ, ᱥᱮᱴᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ, ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱭᱞᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱠᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱥᱟᱛ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |title=पिस्का रेलवे स्टेशन को मिला आधुनिक स्वरूप, यात्री सुविधाओं से हुआ लैस |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/jharkhand/ranchi/news/piska-railway-station-gets-a-modern-look-equipped-with-passenger-amenities-136455547.html |access-date=21 December 2025 |work=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-18 |title=पिस्का स्टेशन की नई बिल्डिंग बनकर तैयार |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/ranchi/story-piska-railway-station-ready-under-amrit-bharat-station-scheme-201763475631123.html |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref> ==ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ== ᱤ.ᱮᱢ.ᱭᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨᱯᱟᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Trains at PISKA F S (PIS) Railway Station with Arrival and Departure details, Availability, Wailtlist Confirmation Chances and Fare Calculator : etrain.info |url=https://etrain.info/station/Piska-F-S-PIS/all |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=etrain.info |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Piska Fs (PIS) Railway Station Train Time Table & Code |url=https://www.trainspnrstatus.com/station/piska-fs |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=www.trainspnrstatus.com}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} {{ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] <!--[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱑᱘᱖᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ]]--> ha6pd7ixmfqbwko01icoxncithafmsi