ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ satwiki https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.6 first-letter ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ TimedText TimedText talk ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ Event Event talk 0 36232 192849 2026-06-16T01:17:52Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 "{{Short description|ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱠᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ}} {{About|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱠ ᱵᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ (ᱵᱮᱱᱰ)}} <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳ..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 192849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱠᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ}} {{About|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱠ ᱵᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ (ᱵᱮᱱᱰ)}} <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ | long_name = UNFCCC ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ | image = Kyoto Protocol parties.svg | image_width = 355 | caption ={{legend|#008000|ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|purple|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ}} {{legend|#0000FF|ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#EEEE00|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ}} {{legend|orange|ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#FF1111|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ}} | date_drafted = | date_signed = {{dts|11 December 1997}}<ref name=parties/> | location_signed = [[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ]], ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕<ref name=parties/> | condition_effective = ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱕᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ | date_expired = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ (ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|title=Kyoto Protocol on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|publisher=United Nations|access-date=17 November 2004|archive-date=5 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005085911/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|title=What is the Kyoto Protocol?|publisher=UNFCCC|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=13 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213141052/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = ᱘᱔<ref name=parties/> (᱑᱙᱙᱘-᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ) | parties = [[List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol|᱑᱙᱒]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |title=Status of Ratification |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |website=unfccc.int |access-date=28 February 2020 |archive-date=5 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905124014/http://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=UNlist/> (ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱠᱩᱠ ᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ, ᱱᱤᱣᱩ, ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱰᱳᱨᱟ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ [[Member states of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]]) | depositor = [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ]] | language = | languages = ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ, ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤᱱ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ, ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ | website = | wikisource = Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ (᱒᱐᱑᱒-᱒᱐᱒᱐) | long_name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | type = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | image = Doha Amendment of Kyoto.svg | image_width = 350 | caption = ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ {{legend|#32CD32|ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#b9b9b9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#e9e9e9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} | date_drafted = ᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ | location_signed = [[ᱫᱳᱦᱟ]], ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐ snapshots<ref name=DOHARAT/> | condition_effective = ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ | date_expiration = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|title=Nigeria, Jamaica bring closure to the Kyoto Protocol era, in last-minute dash|publisher=Climate Change News|date=2 October 2020|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406105609/https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = <!--there is only ratification/acception...--> | ratifiers = ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT>{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|title=7 .c Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|work=UN Treaty Database|access-date=19 April 2015|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204160337/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|url-status=live}}</ref> | depositor = | language = | languages = | website = | wikisource = Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} [[File:230603 Kyoto International Conference Center Kyoto Japan02s3.jpg|thumb|[[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ]]]] '''ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ''' ({{nihongo||京都議定書|Kyōto Giteisho}}) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (UNFCCC) ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱪᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (global warming) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂) ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ([[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ)᱾<ref name=UNlist>{{cite web |url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |title=7 .a Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |work=UN Treaty Database |access-date=27 November 2014 |archive-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008095709/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱫᱚ UNFCCC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ "ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ" (ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱒)᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱮ (Annex A) ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ: [[Carbon dioxide|ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂)]], [[Methane|ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ (CH₄)]], [[Nitrous oxide|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱟᱥ ᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (N₂O)]], [[hydrofluorocarbon|ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (HFCs), [[perfluorocarbons|ᱯᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (PFCs), [[Sulfur hexafluoride|ᱥᱟᱞᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱠᱥᱟᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (SF₆)]], ᱟᱨ [[Nitrogen trifluoride|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (NF₃)]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|title=Overview of greenhouse gases - Defra, UK|website=Naei.beis.gov.uk|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123114338/https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|title=Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|website=Unfcc.int|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=24 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224054705/http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ|ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ]]ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Shislov"/> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒% ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="GapReport"/> ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] (ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱒᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱗), [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ]], [[ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], [[ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ]], [[ᱞᱤᱠᱴᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ]], [[ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱚᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ]]᱾ ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ, ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="figueres doha summary"/> ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ, [[ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑2 ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ)᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ $᱑᱔ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |first1= |date=December 12, 2011 |title=Canada pulls out of Kyoto Protocol |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111115157/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ, ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT/><ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|website=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|access-date=23 July 2016|ref=66|archive-date=8 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208170819/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ UNFCCC ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ 5vdeikl5zr14tz1himdg5zm6imdriii 192851 192849 2026-06-16T01:21:13Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 192849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱠᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ}} {{About|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱠ ᱵᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ (ᱵᱮᱱᱰ)}} <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ | long_name = UNFCCC ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ | image = Kyoto Protocol parties.svg | image_width = 355 | caption ={{legend|#008000|ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|purple|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ}} {{legend|#0000FF|ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#EEEE00|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ}} {{legend|orange|ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#FF1111|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ}} | date_drafted = | date_signed = {{dts|11 December 1997}}<ref name=parties/> | location_signed = [[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ]], ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕<ref name=parties/> | condition_effective = ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱕᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ | date_expired = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ (ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|title=Kyoto Protocol on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|publisher=United Nations|access-date=17 November 2004|archive-date=5 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005085911/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|title=What is the Kyoto Protocol?|publisher=UNFCCC|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=13 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213141052/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = ᱘᱔<ref name=parties/> (᱑᱙᱙᱘-᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ) | parties = [[List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol|᱑᱙᱒]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |title=Status of Ratification |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |website=unfccc.int |access-date=28 February 2020 |archive-date=5 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905124014/http://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=UNlist/> (ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱠᱩᱠ ᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ, ᱱᱤᱣᱩ, ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱰᱳᱨᱟ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ [[Member states of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]]) | depositor = [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ]] | language = | languages = ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ, ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤᱱ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ, ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ | website = | wikisource = Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ (᱒᱐᱑᱒-᱒᱐᱒᱐) | long_name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | type = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | image = Doha Amendment of Kyoto.svg | image_width = 350 | caption = ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ {{legend|#32CD32|ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#b9b9b9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#e9e9e9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} | date_drafted = ᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ | location_signed = [[ᱫᱳᱦᱟ]], ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐ snapshots<ref name=DOHARAT/> | condition_effective = ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ | date_expiration = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|title=Nigeria, Jamaica bring closure to the Kyoto Protocol era, in last-minute dash|publisher=Climate Change News|date=2 October 2020|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406105609/https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = <!--there is only ratification/acception...--> | ratifiers = ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT>{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|title=7 .c Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|work=UN Treaty Database|access-date=19 April 2015|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204160337/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|url-status=live}}</ref> | depositor = | language = | languages = | website = | wikisource = Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} [[File:230603 Kyoto International Conference Center Kyoto Japan02s3.jpg|thumb|[[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ]]]] '''ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ''' ({{nihongo||京都議定書|Kyōto Giteisho}}) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (UNFCCC) ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱪᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (global warming) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂) ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ([[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ)᱾<ref name=UNlist>{{cite web |url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |title=7 .a Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |work=UN Treaty Database |access-date=27 November 2014 |archive-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008095709/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱫᱚ UNFCCC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ "ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ" (ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱒)᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱮ (Annex A) ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ: [[Carbon dioxide|ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂)]], [[Methane|ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ (CH₄)]], [[Nitrous oxide|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱟᱥ ᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (N₂O)]], [[hydrofluorocarbon|ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (HFCs), [[perfluorocarbons|ᱯᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (PFCs), [[Sulfur hexafluoride|ᱥᱟᱞᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱠᱥᱟᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (SF₆)]], ᱟᱨ [[Nitrogen trifluoride|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (NF₃)]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|title=Overview of greenhouse gases - Defra, UK|website=Naei.beis.gov.uk|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123114338/https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|title=Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|website=Unfcc.int|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=24 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224054705/http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ|ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ]]ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Shislov"/> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒% ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="GapReport"/> ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] (ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱒᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱗), [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ]], [[ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], [[ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ]], [[ᱞᱤᱠᱴᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ]], [[ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱚᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ]]᱾ ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ, ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="figueres doha summary"/> ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ, [[ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑2 ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ)᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ $᱑᱔ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |first1= |date=December 12, 2011 |title=Canada pulls out of Kyoto Protocol |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111115157/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ, ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT/><ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|website=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|access-date=23 July 2016|ref=66|archive-date=8 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208170819/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ UNFCCC ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ 5vdeikl5zr14tz1himdg5zm6imdriii 192853 192851 2026-06-16T01:23:00Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 192853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱠᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ}} {{About|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱠ ᱵᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ (ᱵᱮᱱᱰ)}} <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ | long_name = UNFCCC ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ | image = Kyoto Protocol parties.svg | image_width = 355 | caption ={{legend|#008000|ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|purple|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ}} {{legend|#0000FF|ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#EEEE00|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ}} {{legend|orange|ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#FF1111|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ}} | date_drafted = | date_signed = {{dts|11 December 1997}}<ref name=parties/> | location_signed = [[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ]], ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕<ref name=parties/> | condition_effective = ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱕᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ | date_expired = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ (ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|title=Kyoto Protocol on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|publisher=United Nations|access-date=17 November 2004|archive-date=5 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005085911/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|title=What is the Kyoto Protocol?|publisher=UNFCCC|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=13 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213141052/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = ᱘᱔<ref name=parties/> (᱑᱙᱙᱘-᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ) | parties = [[List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol|᱑᱙᱒]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |title=Status of Ratification |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |website=unfccc.int |access-date=28 February 2020 |archive-date=5 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905124014/http://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=UNlist/> (ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱠᱩᱠ ᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ, ᱱᱤᱣᱩ, ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱰᱳᱨᱟ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ [[Member states of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]]) | depositor = [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ]] | language = | languages = ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ, ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤᱱ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ, ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ | website = | wikisource = Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ (᱒᱐᱑᱒-᱒᱐᱒᱐) | long_name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | type = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | image = Doha Amendment of Kyoto.svg | image_width = 350 | caption = ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ {{legend|#32CD32|ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#b9b9b9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#e9e9e9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} | date_drafted = ᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ | location_signed = [[ᱫᱳᱦᱟ]], ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐ snapshots<ref name=DOHARAT/> | condition_effective = ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ | date_expiration = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|title=Nigeria, Jamaica bring closure to the Kyoto Protocol era, in last-minute dash|publisher=Climate Change News|date=2 October 2020|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406105609/https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = <!--there is only ratification/acception...--> | ratifiers = ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT>{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|title=7 .c Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|work=UN Treaty Database|access-date=19 April 2015|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204160337/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|url-status=live}}</ref> | depositor = | language = | languages = | website = | wikisource = Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} [[File:230603 Kyoto International Conference Center Kyoto Japan02s3.jpg|thumb|[[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ]]]] '''ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ''' ({{nihongo||京都議定書|Kyōto Giteisho}}) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (UNFCCC) ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱪᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (global warming) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂) ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ([[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ)᱾<ref name=UNlist>{{cite web |url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |title=7 .a Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |work=UN Treaty Database |access-date=27 November 2014 |archive-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008095709/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ UNFCCC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ "ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ" (ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱒)᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱮ (Annex A) ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ: [[Carbon dioxide|ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂)]], [[Methane|ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ (CH₄)]], [[Nitrous oxide|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱟᱥ ᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (N₂O)]], [[hydrofluorocarbon|ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (HFCs), [[perfluorocarbons|ᱯᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (PFCs), [[Sulfur hexafluoride|ᱥᱟᱞᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱠᱥᱟᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (SF₆)]], ᱟᱨ [[Nitrogen trifluoride|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (NF₃)]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|title=Overview of greenhouse gases - Defra, UK|website=Naei.beis.gov.uk|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123114338/https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|title=Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|website=Unfcc.int|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=24 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224054705/http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ|ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ]]ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Shislov"/> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒% ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="GapReport"/> ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] (ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱒᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱗), [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ]], [[ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], [[ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ]], [[ᱞᱤᱠᱴᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ]], [[ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱚᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ]]᱾ ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ, ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="figueres doha summary"/> ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ, [[ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑2 ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ)᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ $᱑᱔ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |first1= |date=December 12, 2011 |title=Canada pulls out of Kyoto Protocol |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111115157/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ, ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT/><ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|website=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|access-date=23 July 2016|ref=66|archive-date=8 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208170819/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ UNFCCC ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱳᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ew7ugtko2hgjrnojo2u29nkm3o9hpjv 192854 192853 2026-06-16T01:23:54Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 192854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱠᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ}} {{About|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱠ ᱵᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ (ᱵᱮᱱᱰ)}} <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ | long_name = UNFCCC ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ | image = Kyoto Protocol parties.svg | image_width = 355 | caption ={{legend|#008000|ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|purple|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ}} {{legend|#0000FF|ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#EEEE00|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ}} {{legend|orange|ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#FF1111|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ}} | date_drafted = | date_signed = {{dts|11 December 1997}}<ref name=parties/> | location_signed = [[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ]], ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕<ref name=parties/> | condition_effective = ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱕᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ | date_expired = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ (ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|title=Kyoto Protocol on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|publisher=United Nations|access-date=17 November 2004|archive-date=5 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005085911/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|title=What is the Kyoto Protocol?|publisher=UNFCCC|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=13 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213141052/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = ᱘᱔<ref name=parties/> (᱑᱙᱙᱘-᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ) | parties = [[List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol|᱑᱙᱒]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |title=Status of Ratification |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |website=unfccc.int |access-date=28 February 2020 |archive-date=5 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905124014/http://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=UNlist/> (ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱠᱩᱠ ᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ, ᱱᱤᱣᱩ, ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱰᱳᱨᱟ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ [[Member states of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]]) | depositor = [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ]] | language = | languages = ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ, ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤᱱ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ, ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ | website = | wikisource = Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ (᱒᱐᱑᱒-᱒᱐᱒᱐) | long_name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | type = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | image = Doha Amendment of Kyoto.svg | image_width = 350 | caption = ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ {{legend|#32CD32|ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#b9b9b9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#e9e9e9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} | date_drafted = ᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ | location_signed = [[ᱫᱳᱦᱟ]], ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐ snapshots<ref name=DOHARAT/> | condition_effective = ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ | date_expiration = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|title=Nigeria, Jamaica bring closure to the Kyoto Protocol era, in last-minute dash|publisher=Climate Change News|date=2 October 2020|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406105609/https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = <!--there is only ratification/acception...--> | ratifiers = ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT>{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|title=7 .c Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|work=UN Treaty Database|access-date=19 April 2015|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204160337/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|url-status=live}}</ref> | depositor = | language = | languages = | website = | wikisource = Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} [[File:230603 Kyoto International Conference Center Kyoto Japan02s3.jpg|thumb|[[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ]]]] '''ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ''' ({{nihongo||京都議定書|Kyōto Giteisho}}) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (UNFCCC) ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱪᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (global warming) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂) ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ([[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ)᱾<ref name=UNlist>{{cite web |url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |title=7 .a Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |work=UN Treaty Database |access-date=27 November 2014 |archive-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008095709/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ UNFCCC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ "ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ" (ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱒)᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱮ (Annex A) ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ: [[Carbon dioxide|ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂)]], [[Methane|ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ (CH₄)]], [[Nitrous oxide|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱟᱥ ᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (N₂O)]], [[hydrofluorocarbon|ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (HFCs), [[perfluorocarbons|ᱯᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (PFCs), [[Sulfur hexafluoride|ᱥᱟᱞᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱠᱥᱟᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (SF₆)]], ᱟᱨ [[Nitrogen trifluoride|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (NF₃)]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|title=Overview of greenhouse gases - Defra, UK|website=Naei.beis.gov.uk|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123114338/https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|title=Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|website=Unfcc.int|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=24 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224054705/http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ|ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ]]ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Shislov"/> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒% ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="GapReport"/> ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] (ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱒᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱗), [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ]], [[ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], [[ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ]], [[ᱞᱤᱠᱴᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ]], [[ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱚᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ]]᱾ ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ, ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="figueres doha summary"/> ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ, [[ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑2 ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ)᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ $᱑᱔ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |first1= |date=December 12, 2011 |title=Canada pulls out of Kyoto Protocol |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111115157/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ, ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT/><ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|website=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|access-date=23 July 2016|ref=66|archive-date=8 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208170819/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ UNFCCC ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ 86rtstw4kkyev3m6mcqzwc7uphy789r 192855 192854 2026-06-16T01:25:11Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 192855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱠᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ}} {{About|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱠ ᱵᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ (ᱵᱮᱱᱰ)}} <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ | long_name = UNFCCC ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ | image = Kyoto Protocol parties.svg | image_width = 355 | caption ={{legend|#008000|ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|purple|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ}} {{legend|#0000FF|ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#EEEE00|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ}} {{legend|orange|ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#FF1111|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ}} | date_drafted = | date_signed = {{dts|11 December 1997}}<ref name=parties/> | location_signed = [[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ]], ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕<ref name=parties/> | condition_effective = ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱕᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ | date_expired = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ (ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|title=Kyoto Protocol on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|publisher=United Nations|access-date=17 November 2004|archive-date=5 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005085911/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|title=What is the Kyoto Protocol?|publisher=UNFCCC|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=13 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213141052/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = ᱘᱔<ref name=parties/> (᱑᱙᱙᱘-᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ) | parties = [[List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol|᱑᱙᱒]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |title=Status of Ratification |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |website=unfccc.int |access-date=28 February 2020 |archive-date=5 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905124014/http://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=UNlist/> (ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱠᱩᱠ ᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ, ᱱᱤᱣᱩ, ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱰᱳᱨᱟ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ [[Member states of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]]) | depositor = [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ]] | language = | languages = ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ, ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤᱱ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ, ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ | website = | wikisource = Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ (᱒᱐᱑᱒-᱒᱐᱒᱐) | long_name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | type = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | image = Doha Amendment of Kyoto.svg | image_width = 350 | caption = ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ {{legend|#32CD32|ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#b9b9b9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#e9e9e9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} | date_drafted = ᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ | location_signed = [[ᱫᱳᱦᱟ]], ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐ snapshots<ref name=DOHARAT/> | condition_effective = ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ | date_expiration = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|title=Nigeria, Jamaica bring closure to the Kyoto Protocol era, in last-minute dash|publisher=Climate Change News|date=2 October 2020|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406105609/https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = <!--there is only ratification/acception...--> | ratifiers = ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT>{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|title=7 .c Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|work=UN Treaty Database|access-date=19 April 2015|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204160337/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|url-status=live}}</ref> | depositor = | language = | languages = | website = | wikisource = Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} [[File:230603 Kyoto International Conference Center Kyoto Japan02s3.jpg|thumb|[[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ]]]] '''ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ''' ([[ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱥ]]: 京都議定書 | ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱜᱤᱛᱮᱭᱥᱚ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (UNFCCC) ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱪᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (global warming) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂) ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ([[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ)᱾<ref name=UNlist>{{cite web |url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |title=7 .a Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |work=UN Treaty Database |access-date=27 November 2014 |archive-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008095709/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ UNFCCC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ "ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ" (ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱒)᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱮ (Annex A) ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ: [[Carbon dioxide|ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂)]], [[Methane|ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ (CH₄)]], [[Nitrous oxide|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱟᱥ ᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (N₂O)]], [[hydrofluorocarbon|ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (HFCs), [[perfluorocarbons|ᱯᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (PFCs), [[Sulfur hexafluoride|ᱥᱟᱞᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱠᱥᱟᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (SF₆)]], ᱟᱨ [[Nitrogen trifluoride|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (NF₃)]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|title=Overview of greenhouse gases - Defra, UK|website=Naei.beis.gov.uk|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123114338/https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|title=Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|website=Unfcc.int|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=24 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224054705/http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ|ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ]]ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Shislov"/> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒% ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="GapReport"/> ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] (ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱒᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱗), [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ]], [[ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], [[ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ]], [[ᱞᱤᱠᱴᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ]], [[ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱚᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ]]᱾ ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ, ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="figueres doha summary"/> ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ, [[ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑2 ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ)᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ $᱑᱔ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |first1= |date=December 12, 2011 |title=Canada pulls out of Kyoto Protocol |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111115157/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ, ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT/><ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|website=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|access-date=23 July 2016|ref=66|archive-date=8 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208170819/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ UNFCCC ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ hr01f2r2w5l1yzyw0bry5q5f79ic6kr 192856 192855 2026-06-16T01:25:37Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 192856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱠᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ}} {{About|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱠ ᱵᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ (ᱵᱮᱱᱰ)}} <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ | long_name = UNFCCC ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ | image = Kyoto Protocol parties.svg | image_width = 355 | caption ={{legend|#008000|ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|purple|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ}} {{legend|#0000FF|ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#EEEE00|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ}} {{legend|orange|ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#FF1111|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ}} | date_drafted = | date_signed = {{dts|11 December 1997}}<ref name=parties/> | location_signed = [[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ]], ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕<ref name=parties/> | condition_effective = ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱕᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ | date_expired = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ (ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|title=Kyoto Protocol on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|publisher=United Nations|access-date=17 November 2004|archive-date=5 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005085911/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|title=What is the Kyoto Protocol?|publisher=UNFCCC|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=13 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213141052/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = ᱘᱔<ref name=parties/> (᱑᱙᱙᱘-᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ) | parties = [[List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol|᱑᱙᱒]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |title=Status of Ratification |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |website=unfccc.int |access-date=28 February 2020 |archive-date=5 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905124014/http://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=UNlist/> (ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱠᱩᱠ ᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ, ᱱᱤᱣᱩ, ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱰᱳᱨᱟ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ [[Member states of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]]) | depositor = [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ]] | language = | languages = ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ, ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤᱱ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ, ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ | website = | wikisource = Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ (᱒᱐᱑᱒-᱒᱐᱒᱐) | long_name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | type = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | image = Doha Amendment of Kyoto.svg | image_width = 350 | caption = ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ {{legend|#32CD32|ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#b9b9b9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#e9e9e9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} | date_drafted = ᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ | location_signed = [[ᱫᱳᱦᱟ]], ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐ snapshots<ref name=DOHARAT/> | condition_effective = ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ | date_expiration = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|title=Nigeria, Jamaica bring closure to the Kyoto Protocol era, in last-minute dash|publisher=Climate Change News|date=2 October 2020|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406105609/https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = <!--there is only ratification/acception...--> | ratifiers = ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT>{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|title=7 .c Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|work=UN Treaty Database|access-date=19 April 2015|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204160337/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|url-status=live}}</ref> | depositor = | language = | languages = | website = | wikisource = Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} [[File:230603 Kyoto International Conference Center Kyoto Japan02s3.jpg|thumb|[[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ]]]] '''ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ''' ([[ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱥ]]: 京都議定書 | ''ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱜᱤᱛᱮᱭᱥᱚ'') ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (UNFCCC) ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱪᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (global warming) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂) ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ([[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ)᱾<ref name=UNlist>{{cite web |url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |title=7 .a Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |work=UN Treaty Database |access-date=27 November 2014 |archive-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008095709/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ UNFCCC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ "ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ" (ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱒)᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱮ (Annex A) ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ: [[Carbon dioxide|ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂)]], [[Methane|ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ (CH₄)]], [[Nitrous oxide|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱟᱥ ᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (N₂O)]], [[hydrofluorocarbon|ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (HFCs), [[perfluorocarbons|ᱯᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (PFCs), [[Sulfur hexafluoride|ᱥᱟᱞᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱠᱥᱟᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (SF₆)]], ᱟᱨ [[Nitrogen trifluoride|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (NF₃)]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|title=Overview of greenhouse gases - Defra, UK|website=Naei.beis.gov.uk|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123114338/https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|title=Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|website=Unfcc.int|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=24 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224054705/http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ|ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ]]ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Shislov"/> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒% ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="GapReport"/> ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] (ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱒᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱗), [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ]], [[ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], [[ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ]], [[ᱞᱤᱠᱴᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ]], [[ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱚᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ]]᱾ ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ, ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="figueres doha summary"/> ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ, [[ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑2 ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ)᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ $᱑᱔ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |first1= |date=December 12, 2011 |title=Canada pulls out of Kyoto Protocol |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111115157/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ, ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT/><ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|website=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|access-date=23 July 2016|ref=66|archive-date=8 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208170819/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ UNFCCC ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ dnregsrqbv2itmr7hgqx10ehp4t6vpo 192859 192856 2026-06-16T01:32:20Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 192859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱠᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ}} {{About|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱠ ᱵᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ (ᱵᱮᱱᱰ)}} <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ | long_name = UNFCCC ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ | image = Kyoto Protocol parties.svg | image_width = 355 | caption ={{legend|#008000|ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|purple|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ}} {{legend|#0000FF|ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#EEEE00|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ}} {{legend|orange|ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#FF1111|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ}} | date_drafted = | date_signed = {{dts|11 December 1997}}<ref name=parties/> | location_signed = [[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ]], ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕<ref name=parties/> | condition_effective = ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱕᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ | date_expired = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ (ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|title=Kyoto Protocol on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|publisher=United Nations|access-date=17 November 2004|archive-date=5 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005085911/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|title=What is the Kyoto Protocol?|publisher=UNFCCC|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=13 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213141052/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = ᱘᱔<ref name=parties/> (᱑᱙᱙᱘-᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ) | parties = [[List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol|᱑᱙᱒]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |title=Status of Ratification |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |website=unfccc.int |access-date=28 February 2020 |archive-date=5 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905124014/http://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=UNlist/> (ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱠᱩᱠ ᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ, ᱱᱤᱣᱩ, ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱰᱳᱨᱟ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ [[Member states of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]]) | depositor = [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ]] | language = | languages = ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ, ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤᱱ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ, ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ | website = | wikisource = Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ (᱒᱐᱑᱒-᱒᱐᱒᱐) | long_name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | type = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | image = Doha Amendment of Kyoto.svg | image_width = 350 | caption = ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ {{legend|#32CD32|ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#b9b9b9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#e9e9e9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} | date_drafted = ᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ | location_signed = [[ᱫᱳᱦᱟ]], ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐<ref name=DOHARAT/> | condition_effective = ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ | date_expiration = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|title=Nigeria, Jamaica bring closure to the Kyoto Protocol era, in last-minute dash|publisher=Climate Change News|date=2 October 2020|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406105609/https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = <!--there is only ratification/acception...--> | ratifiers = ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT>{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|title=7 .c Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|work=UN Treaty Database|access-date=19 April 2015|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204160337/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|url-status=live}}</ref> | depositor = | language = | languages = | website = | wikisource = Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} [[File:230603 Kyoto International Conference Center Kyoto Japan02s3.jpg|thumb|[[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ]]]] '''ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ''' ([[ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱥ]]: 京都議定書 | ''ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱜᱤᱛᱮᱭᱥᱚ'') ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (UNFCCC) ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱪᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (global warming) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂) ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ([[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ)᱾<ref name=UNlist>{{cite web |url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |title=7 .a Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |work=UN Treaty Database |access-date=27 November 2014 |archive-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008095709/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ UNFCCC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ "ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ" (ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱒)᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱮ (Annex A) ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ: [[Carbon dioxide|ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂)]], [[Methane|ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ (CH₄)]], [[Nitrous oxide|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱟᱥ ᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (N₂O)]], [[hydrofluorocarbon|ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (HFCs), [[perfluorocarbons|ᱯᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (PFCs), [[Sulfur hexafluoride|ᱥᱟᱞᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱠᱥᱟᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (SF₆)]], ᱟᱨ [[Nitrogen trifluoride|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (NF₃)]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|title=Overview of greenhouse gases - Defra, UK|website=Naei.beis.gov.uk|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123114338/https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|title=Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|website=Unfcc.int|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=24 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224054705/http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ|ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ]]ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Shislov"/> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒% ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="GapReport"/> ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] (ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱒᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱗), [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ]], [[ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], [[ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ]], [[ᱞᱤᱠᱴᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ]], [[ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱚᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ]]᱾ ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ, ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="figueres doha summary"/> ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ, [[ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑2 ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ)᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ $᱑᱔ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |first1= |date=December 12, 2011 |title=Canada pulls out of Kyoto Protocol |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111115157/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ, ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT/><ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|website=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|access-date=23 July 2016|ref=66|archive-date=8 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208170819/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ UNFCCC ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ohmsce0fyrkmw8eybeku8q3tx859iz3 192860 192859 2026-06-16T01:33:21Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 192860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱠᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ}} {{About|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱠ ᱵᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ (ᱵᱮᱱᱰ)}} <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ | long_name = UNFCCC ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ | image = Kyoto Protocol parties.svg | image_width = 355 | caption ={{legend|#008000|ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|purple|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ}} {{legend|#0000FF|ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#EEEE00|ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ B ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ}} {{legend|orange|ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} {{legend|#FF1111|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ}} | date_drafted = | date_signed = {{dts|11 December 1997}}<ref name=parties/> | location_signed = [[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ]], ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕<ref name=parties/> | condition_effective = ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱕᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ | date_expired = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ (ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|title=Kyoto Protocol on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|publisher=United Nations|access-date=17 November 2004|archive-date=5 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005085911/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|title=What is the Kyoto Protocol?|publisher=UNFCCC|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=13 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213141052/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = ᱘᱔<ref name=parties/> (᱑᱙᱙᱘-᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ) | parties = [[List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol|᱑᱙᱒]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |title=Status of Ratification |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |website=unfccc.int |access-date=28 February 2020 |archive-date=5 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905124014/http://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratification |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=UNlist/> (ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱠᱩᱠ ᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ, ᱱᱤᱣᱩ, ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱰᱳᱨᱟ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ [[Member states of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]]) | depositor = [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ]] | language = | languages = ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ, ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤᱱ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ, ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ | website = | wikisource = Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> <noinclude>{{Infobox Treaty | name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ (᱒᱐᱑᱒-᱒᱐᱒᱐) | long_name = ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | type = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ | image = Doha Amendment of Kyoto.svg | image_width = 350 | caption = ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ {{legend|#32CD32|ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#b9b9b9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ}} {{legend|#e9e9e9|ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} | date_drafted = ᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ | location_signed = [[ᱫᱳᱦᱟ]], ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ | date_sealed = | date_effective = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐<ref name=DOHARAT/> | condition_effective = ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ | date_expiration = ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|title=Nigeria, Jamaica bring closure to the Kyoto Protocol era, in last-minute dash|publisher=Climate Change News|date=2 October 2020|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406105609/https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/10/02/nigeria-jamaica-bring-closure-kyoto-protocol-era-last-minute-dash/|url-status=live}}</ref> | signatories = <!--there is only ratification/acception...--> | ratifiers = ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT>{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|title=7 .c Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|work=UN Treaty Database|access-date=19 April 2015|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204160337/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&clang=_en|url-status=live}}</ref> | depositor = | language = | languages = | website = | wikisource = Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol }}</noinclude> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} [[File:230603 Kyoto International Conference Center Kyoto Japan02s3.jpg|thumb|[[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ]]]] '''ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ''' ([[ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱥ]]: 京都議定書 | ''ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱜᱤᱛᱮᱭᱥᱚ'') ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (UNFCCC) ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱪᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (global warming) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂) ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐MD᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ([[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ)᱾<ref name=UNlist>{{cite web |url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |title=7 .a Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |work=UN Treaty Database |access-date=27 November 2014 |archive-date=8 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008095709/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-a&chapter=27&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ UNFCCC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ "ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ" (ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱒)᱾ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱮ (Annex A) ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ: [[Carbon dioxide|ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (CO₂)]], [[Methane|ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ (CH₄)]], [[Nitrous oxide|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱟᱥ ᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ (N₂O)]], [[hydrofluorocarbon|ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (HFCs), [[perfluorocarbons|ᱯᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ]] (PFCs), [[Sulfur hexafluoride|ᱥᱟᱞᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱠᱥᱟᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (SF₆)]], ᱟᱨ [[Nitrogen trifluoride|ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ (NF₃)]] ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|title=Overview of greenhouse gases - Defra, UK|website=Naei.beis.gov.uk|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123114338/https://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/ghg-overview.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|title=Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol|website=Unfcc.int|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=24 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224054705/http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐0᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ|ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ]]ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Shislov"/> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒% ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="GapReport"/> ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] (ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱒᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱗), [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ]], [[ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], [[ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ]], [[ᱞᱤᱠᱴᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ]], [[ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱚᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ]]᱾ ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ, ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="figueres doha summary"/> ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ, [[ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑2 ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ)᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ $᱑᱔ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |first1= |date=December 12, 2011 |title=Canada pulls out of Kyoto Protocol |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111115157/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-pulls-out-of-kyoto-protocol-1.999072 |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ, ᱑᱔᱗<ref name=DOHARAT/><ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|website=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|access-date=23 July 2016|ref=66|archive-date=8 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208170819/https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/doha_amendment/items/7362.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱢᱮᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱒0᱒0 ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ UNFCCC ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ]] ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, UNFCCC ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == 24sfq6s4a6l61q1ngvoyow6rkxp0138 10 36233 192850 2026-06-16T01:19:04Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 "{{Infobox |child = {{{child|{{{embed|}}}}}} |bodyclass = vevent |headerstyle = background: #ededed; color:inherit; |title = {{{name|<includeonly>{{PAGENAMEBASE}}</includeonly>}}} |titlestyle = font-size:125%; |above = {{{long_name|}}} |aboveclass = description |abovestyle = font-size: 100%; background-color:#ededed; color:inherit; |imagestyle = {{#if:{{{caption|{{{Image_Caption|}}} }}}|borde..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 192850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox |child = {{{child|{{{embed|}}}}}} |bodyclass = vevent |headerstyle = background: #ededed; color:inherit; |title = {{{name|<includeonly>{{PAGENAMEBASE}}</includeonly>}}} |titlestyle = font-size:125%; |above = {{{long_name|}}} |aboveclass = description |abovestyle = font-size: 100%; background-color:#ededed; color:inherit; |imagestyle = {{#if:{{{caption|{{{Image_Caption|}}} }}}|border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;}} |captionstyle = padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em; |image = {{{rep|}}} |caption = {{#if:{{{rep|}}}|{{{caption|}}}}} |image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|{{{image_width|}}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{{upright|1.2}}}|border={{{border|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}}} |caption2 = {{#if:{{{image|}}}|{{{caption|}}}}} |label1 = Former name |data1 = {{{former_name|}}} |label2 = Type |data2 = {{{type|}}} |label3 = Context |data3 = 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Original<br/>signatories |class30 = attendee plainlist |data30 = {{{original_signatories|}}} |label31 = Signatories |class31 = attendee plainlist |data31 = {{{signatories|}}} |label32 = Parties |class32 = plainlist |data32 = {{{parties|}}} |label33 = Ratifiers |class33 = plainlist |data33 = {{{ratifiers|}}} |label34 = Depositary |data34 = {{{depositor|}}} |label35 = Depositaries |class35 = plainlist |data35 = {{{depositories|}}} |label36 = Citations |data36 = {{{citations|}}} |label46 = Language |data46 = {{{language|}}} |label47 = Languages |class47 = {{{languagesclass|hlist}}} |data47 = {{{languages|}}} |header59 = {{#if:{{{wikisource|}}}|Full text}} |data60 = {{#if:{{{wikisource|}}}|[[File:wikisource-logo.svg|16px|link=|alt=]] [[wikisource:{{{wikisource}}}|{{{wikisource}}}]] at [[Wikisource]]}} |header61 = {{#if:{{{wikisource1|}}}|Full text at [[File:wikisource-logo.svg|16px|link=|alt=]] [[Wikisource]]}} |data62 = {{#if:{{{wikisource1|}}}| <div style="text-align:left> * [[wikisource:{{{wikisource1}}}|{{{wikisource1}}}]] {{#if:{{{wikisource2|}}}|* [[wikisource:{{{wikisource2}}}|{{{wikisource2}}}]]}} {{#if:{{{wikisource3|}}}|* [[wikisource:{{{wikisource3}}}|{{{wikisource3}}}]]}} {{#if:{{{wikisource4|}}}|* [[wikisource:{{{wikisource4}}}|{{{wikisource4}}}]]}} {{#if:{{{wikisource5|}}}|* [[wikisource:{{{wikisource5}}}|{{{wikisource5}}}]]}} </div>}} |data64 = {{{misc|{{{module|}}}}}} |data65 = {{{misc2|{{{module2|}}}}}} |data66 = {{{misc3|{{{module3|}}}}}} |data67 = {{{misc4|{{{module4|}}}}}} |data68 = {{{misc5|{{{module5|}}}}}} |data69 = {{{misc6|{{{module6|}}}}}} |data80 = {{{footnotes|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox treaty with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox treaty]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| alt | amendment | border | caption | child | citations | condition_effective | context | date_drafted | date_effective | date_expiration | date_expiry | date_expired | date_ratified | date_sealed | date_signed | depositor | depositories | embed | footnotes | former_name | image | image_alt | Image_Caption | image_size | image_width | language | languages | languagesclass | location_signed | long_name | mediators | misc | misc2 | misc3 | misc4 | misc5 | misc6 | module | module2 | module3 | module4 | module5 | module6 | name | negotiators | original_signatories | parties | provisional_application | ratifiers | rep | replaced_by | replaces | signatories | type | upright | wikisource | wikisource1 | wikisource2 | wikisource3 | wikisource4 | wikisource5 }}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> nn0i07xz8xzdtnfz315fjclhudidpqy 192857 192850 2026-06-16T01:28:55Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 192857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox |child = {{{child|{{{embed|}}}}}} |bodyclass = vevent |headerstyle = background: #ededed; color:inherit; |title = {{{name|<includeonly>{{PAGENAMEBASE}}</includeonly>}}} |titlestyle = font-size:125%; |above = {{{long_name|}}} |aboveclass = description |abovestyle = font-size: 100%; background-color:#ededed; color:inherit; |imagestyle = {{#if:{{{caption|{{{Image_Caption|}}} }}}|border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;}} |captionstyle = padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em; |image = {{{rep|}}} |caption = {{#if:{{{rep|}}}|{{{caption|}}}}} |image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|{{{image_width|}}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{{upright|1.2}}}|border={{{border|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}}} |caption2 = {{#if:{{{image|}}}|{{{caption|}}}}} |label1 = ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ |data1 = {{{former_name|}}} |label2 = ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ |data2 = {{{type|}}} |label3 = ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ |data3 = {{{context|}}} |class3 = plainlist |label14 = ᱠᱷᱚᱥᱲᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ |data14 = {{{date_drafted|}}} |label15 = ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ |data15 = {{{date_signed|}}} |label16 = ᱴᱷᱟᱶ |class16 = location |data16 = {{{location_signed|}}} |label17 = ᱢᱩᱦᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ |data17 = {{{date_sealed|}}} |label18 = ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ |data18 = {{{date_ratified|}}} |label19 = ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ |data19 = {{{date_effective|}}} |label20 = ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱛᱚ |data20 = {{{condition_effective|}}} |label21 = ᱮᱢᱮᱱᱰᱢᱮᱱᱴ |data21 = {{{amendment|}}} |label22 = ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ |data22 = {{{replaces|}}} |label23 = ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ |data23 = {{{replaced_by|}}} |label24 = ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ<!-- US English --> |data24 = {{{date_expiration|}}} |label25 = ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ<!-- UK English --> |data25 = {{{date_expiry|}}} |label26 = ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ |data26 = {{{date_expired|}}} |label27 = ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ |data27 = {{{provisional_application|}}} | |label28 = ᱢᱩᱫᱷᱭᱚᱥᱛᱷᱚ ᱠᱚ |class28 = plainlist |data28 = {{{mediators|}}} |label29 = ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ |class29 = plainlist |data29 = {{{negotiators|}}} |label30 = ᱢᱩᱞ ᱥᱩᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ |class30 = attendee plainlist |data30 = {{{original_signatories|}}} |label31 = ᱥᱩᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ |class31 = attendee plainlist |data31 = {{{signatories|}}} |label32 = ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚ |class32 = plainlist |data32 = {{{parties|}}} |label33 = ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ |class33 = plainlist |data33 = {{{ratifiers|}}} |label34 = ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨ |data34 = {{{depositor|}}} |label35 = ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ |class35 = plainlist |data35 = {{{depositories|}}} |label36 = ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ |data36 = {{{citations|}}} |label46 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ |data46 = {{{language|}}} |label47 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ |class47 = {{{languagesclass|hlist}}} |data47 = {{{languages|}}} |header59 = {{#if:{{{wikisource|}}}|ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱞ}} |data60 = {{#if:{{{wikisource|}}}|[[File:wikisource-logo.svg|16px|link=|alt=]] [[wikisource:{{{wikisource}}}|{{{wikisource}}}]] ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱥᱳᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ [[Wikisource]]}} |header61 = {{#if:{{{wikisource1|}}}|ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱞ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱥᱳᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ [[File:wikisource-logo.svg|16px|link=|alt=]] [[Wikisource]]}} |data62 = {{#if:{{{wikisource1|}}}| <div style="text-align:left> * [[wikisource:{{{wikisource1}}}|{{{wikisource1}}}]] {{#if:{{{wikisource2|}}}|* [[wikisource:{{{wikisource2}}}|{{{wikisource2}}}]]}} {{#if:{{{wikisource3|}}}|* [[wikisource:{{{wikisource3}}}|{{{wikisource3}}}]]}} {{#if:{{{wikisource4|}}}|* [[wikisource:{{{wikisource4}}}|{{{wikisource4}}}]]}} {{#if:{{{wikisource5|}}}|* [[wikisource:{{{wikisource5}}}|{{{wikisource5}}}]]}} </div>}} |data64 = {{{misc|{{{module|}}}}}} |data65 = {{{misc2|{{{module2|}}}}}} |data66 = {{{misc3|{{{module3|}}}}}} |data67 = {{{misc4|{{{module4|}}}}}} |data68 = {{{misc5|{{{module5|}}}}}} |data69 = {{{misc6|{{{module6|}}}}}} |data80 = {{{footnotes|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox treaty with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox treaty]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| alt | amendment | border | caption | child | citations | condition_effective | context | date_drafted | date_effective | date_expiration | date_expiry | date_expired | date_ratified | date_sealed | date_signed | depositor | depositories | embed | footnotes | former_name | image | image_alt | Image_Caption | image_size | image_width | language | languages | languagesclass | location_signed | long_name | mediators | misc | misc2 | misc3 | misc4 | misc5 | misc6 | module | module2 | module3 | module4 | module5 | module6 | name | negotiators | original_signatories | parties | provisional_application | ratifiers | rep | replaced_by | replaces | signatories | type | upright | wikisource | wikisource1 | wikisource2 | wikisource3 | wikisource4 | wikisource5 }}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> qvdq4nzeqsau5dueiyaqe6jnqnc1jud 192858 192857 2026-06-16T01:30:39Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 192858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox |child = {{{child|{{{embed|}}}}}} |bodyclass = vevent |headerstyle = background: #ededed; color:inherit; |title = {{{name|<includeonly>{{PAGENAMEBASE}}</includeonly>}}} |titlestyle = font-size:125%; |above = {{{long_name|}}} |aboveclass = description |abovestyle = font-size: 100%; background-color:#ededed; color:inherit; |imagestyle = {{#if:{{{caption|{{{Image_Caption|}}} }}}|border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;}} |captionstyle = padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em; |image = {{{rep|}}} |caption = {{#if:{{{rep|}}}|{{{caption|}}}}} |image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|{{{image_width|}}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{{upright|1.2}}}|border={{{border|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{image_alt|}}}}}}}} |caption2 = {{#if:{{{image|}}}|{{{caption|}}}}} |label1 = ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ |data1 = {{{former_name|}}} |label2 = ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ |data2 = {{{type|}}} |label3 = ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ |data3 = {{{context|}}} |class3 = plainlist |label14 = ᱠᱷᱚᱥᱲᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ |data14 = {{{date_drafted|}}} |label15 = ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ |data15 = {{{date_signed|}}} |label16 = ᱴᱷᱟᱶ |class16 = location |data16 = {{{location_signed|}}} |label17 = ᱢᱩᱦᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ |data17 = {{{date_sealed|}}} |label18 = ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ |data18 = {{{date_ratified|}}} |label19 = ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ |data19 = {{{date_effective|}}} |label20 = ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱛᱚ |data20 = {{{condition_effective|}}} |label21 = ᱮᱢᱮᱱᱰᱢᱮᱱᱴ |data21 = {{{amendment|}}} |label22 = ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ |data22 = {{{replaces|}}} |label23 = ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ |data23 = {{{replaced_by|}}} |label24 = ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ<!-- US English --> |data24 = {{{date_expiration|}}} |label25 = ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ<!-- UK English --> |data25 = {{{date_expiry|}}} |label26 = ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ |data26 = {{{date_expired|}}} |label27 = ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ |data27 = {{{provisional_application|}}} | |label28 = ᱢᱩᱫᱷᱭᱚᱥᱛᱷᱚ ᱠᱚ |class28 = plainlist |data28 = {{{mediators|}}} |label29 = ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ |class29 = plainlist |data29 = {{{negotiators|}}} |label30 = ᱢᱩᱞ ᱥᱩᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ |class30 = attendee plainlist |data30 = {{{original_signatories|}}} |label31 = ᱥᱩᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ |class31 = attendee plainlist |data31 = {{{signatories|}}} |label32 = ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚ |class32 = plainlist |data32 = {{{parties|}}} |label33 = ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ |class33 = plainlist |data33 = {{{ratifiers|}}} |label34 = ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨ |data34 = {{{depositor|}}} |label35 = ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ |class35 = plainlist |data35 = {{{depositories|}}} |label36 = ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ |data36 = {{{citations|}}} |label46 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ |data46 = {{{language|}}} |label47 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ |class47 = {{{languagesclass|hlist}}} |data47 = {{{languages|}}} |header59 = {{#if:{{{wikisource|}}}|ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱞ}} |data60 = {{#if:{{{wikisource|}}}|[[File:wikisource-logo.svg|16px|link=|alt=]] [[wikisource:{{{wikisource}}}|{{{wikisource}}}]] ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱥᱳᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ [[Wikisource]]}} |header61 = {{#if:{{{wikisource1|}}}|ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱞ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱥᱳᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ [[File:wikisource-logo.svg|16px|link=|alt=]] [[Wikisource]]}} |data62 = {{#if:{{{wikisource1|}}}| <div style="text-align:left> * [[wikisource:{{{wikisource1}}}|{{{wikisource1}}}]] {{#if:{{{wikisource2|}}}|* [[wikisource:{{{wikisource2}}}|{{{wikisource2}}}]]}} {{#if:{{{wikisource3|}}}|* [[wikisource:{{{wikisource3}}}|{{{wikisource3}}}]]}} {{#if:{{{wikisource4|}}}|* [[wikisource:{{{wikisource4}}}|{{{wikisource4}}}]]}} {{#if:{{{wikisource5|}}}|* [[wikisource:{{{wikisource5}}}|{{{wikisource5}}}]]}} </div>}} |data64 = {{{misc|{{{module|}}}}}} |data65 = {{{misc2|{{{module2|}}}}}} |data66 = {{{misc3|{{{module3|}}}}}} |data67 = {{{misc4|{{{module4|}}}}}} |data68 = {{{misc5|{{{module5|}}}}}} |data69 = {{{misc6|{{{module6|}}}}}} |data80 = {{{footnotes|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox treaty with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox treaty]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| alt | amendment | border | caption | child | citations | condition_effective | context | date_drafted | date_effective | date_expiration | date_expiry | date_expired | date_ratified | date_sealed | date_signed | depositor | depositories | embed | footnotes | former_name | image | image_alt | Image_Caption | image_size | image_width | language | languages | languagesclass | location_signed | long_name | mediators | misc | misc2 | misc3 | misc4 | misc5 | misc6 | module | module2 | module3 | module4 | module5 | module6 | name | negotiators | original_signatories | parties | provisional_application | ratifiers | rep | replaced_by | replaces | signatories | type | upright | wikisource | wikisource1 | wikisource2 | wikisource3 | wikisource4 | wikisource5 }}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> lj2cl19f5958pe9ier5eh8jf2jngiqz 0 36234 192852 2026-06-16T01:21:13Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 192852 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱚᱞ]] mjadwyxnbntynidsdnx35dthbk80dpg 0 36235 192861 2026-06-16T06:39:15Z MT731 2184 "{{Short description |ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱛᱩᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 192861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description |ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱛᱩᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = Tulin railway station in Purulia district 02.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = ᱛᱩᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | address = ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱳᱰ, (ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱒), [[ᱛᱩᱞᱤᱱ, ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱛᱩᱞᱤᱱ]], [[ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | coordinates = {{coord|23.3786|85.9023|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | map_type = | elevation = {{convert|266|m|ft}} | line = ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | other = | structure = | platform = ᱯᱮᱭᱟ | tracks = ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ | entrances = | parking = ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ | baggage_check = | opened = | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = | accessible = | code = {{Indian railway code | code = THO | zone = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | division = {{rwd|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ}} }} | owned = | operator = | status = ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ | former = | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | services = {{Adjacent stations|system=ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|line=ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|left=ᱡᱷᱟᱞᱫᱟ|right=ᱢᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ|type=ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ}} | map_locator = }} '''ᱛᱩᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱑᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/tulin-tho/2812|title=THO/Tulin|access-date=March 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/tulin-tho-station|title=TULIN (THO) Railway Station|publisher=NDTV|access-date=March 8, 2019}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] 2kqt4q1i6y3jx5nidia84a6snt8m9yv 0 36236 192862 2026-06-16T07:10:13Z MT731 2184 "{{Short description|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱤᱞᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = | image_size =..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 192862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name = ᱤᱞᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | address = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱔, [[ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | country = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | coordinates = {{coord|23.291435|85.857946|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | map_type = | elevation = {{convert|249|m|ft}}<ref>{{cite web |title=ILO/ILLU |url=https://www.totaltraininfo.com/station/ilo/}}</ref> | line = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | other = | structure = | platform = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ | tracks = ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | entrances = | parking = | baggage_check = | opened = ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = ᱦᱳᱭ | accessible = | code = {{Indian railway code | code = ILU | zone = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | division = {{rwd|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ}} }} | owned = | operator = | status = ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ | former = | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | services = {{Adjacent stations|system=ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|line=ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱳᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ|type=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]}} | map_locator = }} '''ᱤᱞᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ-ᱢᱩᱨᱤ-ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱔ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Illoo Railway Station Map/Atlas SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/illoo-ilo/4512|website=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=2025-12-01|first=Joydeep|last=roy}}</ref> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱪᱟᱱᱰᱤᱞ-ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ (CIC section) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frequently Asked Indian Railways Questions - 118 - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/faq/117 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lok Sabha Secretariat |url=http://archive.org/details/eparlib.nic.in.424710 |title=ELECTRIFICATION BETWEEN CHANDIL MURI BARKAKANA RAIL LINE (18-Apr-2002) |date=2002-04-18 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MINISTRY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS |title=Condonations to IRSOD - Other than Rolling Stock - 20 |url=https://nfr.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,366,526,626,1096 |access-date=11 December 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] f7kwku7oijrf2xxgiv3nke890yrgtig 0 36237 192863 2026-06-16T08:36:33Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 "{{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ}} {{Infobox legislation | short_title = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg | imagesize = 150 | imagealt = ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ | long_title = ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡ..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 192863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ}} {{Infobox legislation | short_title = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg | imagesize = 150 | imagealt = ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ | long_title = ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ᱾ | citation = [http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/forest/forest4.html Act No. 16 of 1927] | territorial_extent = ᱜᱚᱴᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | enacted_by = [[ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ]] | date_commenced = ᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ }} {{Wildlife of India}} '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗''' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱼᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, [[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ|ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (forest offence) ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢ (penalties) ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ nuut7sjvnvbc2xpbqrdadu3jwknjzwb 192864 192863 2026-06-16T08:37:00Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 192863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ}} {{Infobox legislation | short_title = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg | imagesize = 150 | imagealt = ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ | long_title = ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ᱾ | citation = [http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/forest/forest4.html Act No. 16 of 1927] | territorial_extent = ᱜᱚᱴᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | enacted_by = [[ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ]] | date_commenced = ᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ }} {{Wildlife of India}} '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗''' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱼᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, [[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ|ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (forest offence) ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢ (penalties) ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ nuut7sjvnvbc2xpbqrdadu3jwknjzwb 192866 192864 2026-06-16T08:37:16Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 192863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ}} {{Infobox legislation | short_title = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg | imagesize = 150 | imagealt = ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ | long_title = ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ᱾ | citation = [http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/forest/forest4.html Act No. 16 of 1927] | territorial_extent = ᱜᱚᱴᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | enacted_by = [[ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ]] | date_commenced = ᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ }} {{Wildlife of India}} '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗''' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱼᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, [[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ|ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (forest offence) ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢ (penalties) ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ nuut7sjvnvbc2xpbqrdadu3jwknjzwb 192868 192866 2026-06-16T08:38:29Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 192868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ}} {{Infobox legislation | short_title = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg | imagesize = 150 | imagealt = ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ | long_title = ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ᱾ | citation = [http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/forest/forest4.html Act No. 16 of 1927] | territorial_extent = ᱜᱚᱴᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | enacted_by = [[ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ]] | date_commenced = ᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ }} {{Wildlife of India}} '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗''' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱼᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, [[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ|ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (forest offence) ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢ (penalties) ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ 2371i6d9vjqk2aufhu6vqze3ggoej21 192869 192868 2026-06-16T08:41:51Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 192869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ}} {{Infobox legislation | short_title = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg | imagesize = 150 | imagealt = ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ | long_title = ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ᱾ | citation = [http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/forest/forest4.html Act No. 16 of 1927] | territorial_extent = ᱜᱚᱴᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | enacted_by = [[ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ]] | date_commenced = ᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ }} {{Wildlife of India}} '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗''' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱼᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, [[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ|ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (forest offence) ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢ (penalties) ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== [[ᱰᱟᱭᱴᱨᱤᱪ ᱵᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤᱥ]] ᱑᱘᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ (Indian Forest Service) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ (colonialism) ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{citation |title=The Performance of Nationalism: India, Pakistan, and the Memory of Partition|page=161|first=Jisha |last=Menon |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LP6VM20OtNEC&pg=PA161 |isbn=9781107000100}}</ref> ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱼᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱵᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{citation |title=Environmental legislation |url=http://www.thestatesman.com/features/environmental-legislation-1484784315.html |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=19 January 2017 }}</ref> ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱼᱢᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱣᱲᱤ (ᱫᱟᱲᱮ) ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱞᱤᱯᱟᱨ (railway sleepers) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱴ (teak wood) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} my6swuysfj52y0lfflnxrkxnd0y6dfc 192870 192869 2026-06-16T08:42:55Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 192870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ}} {{Infobox legislation | short_title = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg | imagesize = 150 | imagealt = ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ | long_title = ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ᱾ | citation = [http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/forest/forest4.html Act No. 16 of 1927] | territorial_extent = ᱜᱚᱴᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | enacted_by = [[ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ]] | date_commenced = ᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ }} {{Wildlife of India}} '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗''' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱼᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, [[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ|ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (forest offence) ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢ (penalties) ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== [[ᱰᱟᱭᱴᱨᱤᱪ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤᱥ]] ᱑᱘᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ (Indian Forest Service) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ (colonialism) ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{citation |title=The Performance of Nationalism: India, Pakistan, and the Memory of Partition|page=161|first=Jisha |last=Menon |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LP6VM20OtNEC&pg=PA161 |isbn=9781107000100}}</ref> ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱼᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱵᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{citation |title=Environmental legislation |url=http://www.thestatesman.com/features/environmental-legislation-1484784315.html |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=19 January 2017 }}</ref> ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱼᱢᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱣᱲᱤ (ᱫᱟᱲᱮ) ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱞᱤᱯᱟᱨ (railway sleepers) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱴ (teak wood) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} eodaj51trjkua7sgvn67tl2ox60vqg1 192871 192870 2026-06-16T08:49:20Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 192871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ}} {{Infobox legislation | short_title = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg | imagesize = 150 | imagealt = ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ | long_title = ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ᱾ | citation = [http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/forest/forest4.html Act No. 16 of 1927] | territorial_extent = ᱜᱚᱴᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | enacted_by = [[ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ]] | date_commenced = ᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ }} {{Wildlife of India}} '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗''' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱼᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, [[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ|ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (forest offence) ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢ (penalties) ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== [[ᱰᱟᱭᱴᱨᱤᱪ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤᱥ]] ᱑᱘᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ (Indian Forest Service) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ (colonialism) ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{citation |title=The Performance of Nationalism: India, Pakistan, and the Memory of Partition|page=161|first=Jisha |last=Menon |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LP6VM20OtNEC&pg=PA161 |isbn=9781107000100}}</ref> ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱼᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱵᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{citation |title=Environmental legislation |url=http://www.thestatesman.com/features/environmental-legislation-1484784315.html |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=19 January 2017 }}</ref> ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱼᱢᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱣᱲᱤ (ᱫᱟᱲᱮ) ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱞᱤᱯᱟᱨ (railway sleepers) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱴ (teak wood) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} == ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ == ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ (permit) ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ (section) ᱒᱐ [Act 16 of 1927]<ref>{{cite web | title = The Forest Act, 1927 Indian Kanoon - Document | url = https://indiankanoon.org/doc/654536/ | website = Indian Kanoon | date = | access-date = 2025-08-22 }}</ref> ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱔ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ (ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ) ᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱰᱭᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ, ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱱᱚᱨ (Deputy Commissioner) ᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ (Forest Settlement Officer) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱚᱛᱛᱤ (claims and objections) ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤᱼᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ (acquire) ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ, ᱜᱩᱯᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱪᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱘᱙᱔]] [Act 1 of 1894] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱡᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (appeals) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱒᱐ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ezwfqttp06lw1ms926dtzqnzqn85v0h 192872 192871 2026-06-16T08:50:14Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 192872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ}} {{Infobox legislation | short_title = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg | imagesize = 150 | imagealt = ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ | long_title = ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ᱾ | citation = [http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/forest/forest4.html Act No. 16 of 1927] | territorial_extent = ᱜᱚᱴᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | enacted_by = [[ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ]] | date_commenced = ᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ }} {{Wildlife of India}} '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗''' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱼᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, [[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ|ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (forest offence) ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢ (penalties) ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== [[ᱰᱟᱭᱴᱨᱤᱪ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤᱥ]] ᱑᱘᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ (Indian Forest Service) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ (colonialism) ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{citation |title=The Performance of Nationalism: India, Pakistan, and the Memory of Partition|page=161|first=Jisha |last=Menon |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LP6VM20OtNEC&pg=PA161 |isbn=9781107000100}}</ref> ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱼᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱵᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{citation |title=Environmental legislation |url=http://www.thestatesman.com/features/environmental-legislation-1484784315.html |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=19 January 2017 }}</ref> ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱼᱢᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱣᱲᱤ (ᱫᱟᱲᱮ) ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱞᱤᱯᱟᱨ (railway sleepers) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱴ (teak wood) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} == ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ == ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ (permit) ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ (section) ᱒᱐ [Act 16 of 1927]<ref>{{cite web | title = The Forest Act, 1927 Indian Kanoon - Document | url = https://indiankanoon.org/doc/654536/ | website = Indian Kanoon | date = | access-date = 2025-08-22 }}</ref> ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱔ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ (ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ) ᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱰᱭᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ, ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱱᱚᱨ (Deputy Commissioner) ᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ (Forest Settlement Officer) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱚᱛᱛᱤ (claims and objections) ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤᱼᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ (acquire) ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ, ᱜᱩᱯᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱪᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱘᱙᱔]] [Act 1 of 1894] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱡᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (appeals) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱒᱐ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} gglzv8s5agqvsl61snboplcvvbt72ff 192873 192872 2026-06-16T08:50:31Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 192873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ}} {{Infobox legislation | short_title = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg | imagesize = 150 | imagealt = ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ | long_title = ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ᱾ | citation = [http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/forest/forest4.html Act No. 16 of 1927] | territorial_extent = ᱜᱚᱴᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | enacted_by = [[ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ]] | date_commenced = ᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ }} {{Wildlife of India}} '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗''' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱼᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, [[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ|ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (forest offence) ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢ (penalties) ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== [[ᱰᱟᱭᱴᱨᱤᱪ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤᱥ]] ᱑᱘᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ (Indian Forest Service) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ (colonialism) ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{citation |title=The Performance of Nationalism: India, Pakistan, and the Memory of Partition|page=161|first=Jisha |last=Menon |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LP6VM20OtNEC&pg=PA161 |isbn=9781107000100}}</ref> ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱼᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱵᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{citation |title=Environmental legislation |url=http://www.thestatesman.com/features/environmental-legislation-1484784315.html |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=19 January 2017 }}</ref> ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱼᱢᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱣᱲᱤ (ᱫᱟᱲᱮ) ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱞᱤᱯᱟᱨ (railway sleepers) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱴ (teak wood) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} == ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ == ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ (permit) ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ (section) ᱒᱐ [Act 16 of 1927]<ref>{{cite web | title = The Forest Act, 1927 Indian Kanoon - Document | url = https://indiankanoon.org/doc/654536/ | website = Indian Kanoon | date = | access-date = 2025-08-22 }}</ref> ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱔ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ (ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ) ᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱰᱭᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ, ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱱᱚᱨ (Deputy Commissioner) ᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ (Forest Settlement Officer) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱚᱛᱛᱤ (claims and objections) ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤᱼᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ (acquire) ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ, ᱜᱩᱯᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱪᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱘᱙᱔]] [Act 1 of 1894] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱡᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (appeals) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱒᱐ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== l9bbdzhiupgoz9h3gcggpzsggj8v034 192874 192873 2026-06-16T08:51:12Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 192874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ}} {{Infobox legislation | short_title = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg | imagesize = 150 | imagealt = ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ | long_title = ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ᱾ | citation = [http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/forest/forest4.html Act No. 16 of 1927] | territorial_extent = ᱜᱚᱴᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | enacted_by = [[ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ]] | date_commenced = ᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ }} {{Wildlife of India}} '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗''' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱼᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, [[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ|ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (forest offence) ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢ (penalties) ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== [[ᱰᱟᱭᱴᱨᱤᱪ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤᱥ]] ᱑᱘᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ (Indian Forest Service) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ (colonialism) ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{citation |title=The Performance of Nationalism: India, Pakistan, and the Memory of Partition|page=161|first=Jisha |last=Menon |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LP6VM20OtNEC&pg=PA161 |isbn=9781107000100}}</ref> ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱼᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱵᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{citation |title=Environmental legislation |url=http://www.thestatesman.com/features/environmental-legislation-1484784315.html |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=19 January 2017 }}</ref> ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱼᱢᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱣᱲᱤ (ᱫᱟᱲᱮ) ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱞᱤᱯᱟᱨ (railway sleepers) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱴ (teak wood) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} == ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ == ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ (permit) ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ (section) ᱒᱐ [Act 16 of 1927]<ref>{{cite web | title = The Forest Act, 1927 Indian Kanoon - Document | url = https://indiankanoon.org/doc/654536/ | website = Indian Kanoon | date = | access-date = 2025-08-22 }}</ref> ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱔ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ (ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ) ᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱰᱭᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ, ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱱᱚᱨ (Deputy Commissioner) ᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ (Forest Settlement Officer) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱚᱛᱛᱤ (claims and objections) ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤᱼᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ (acquire) ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ, ᱜᱩᱯᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱪᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱘᱙᱔]] [Act 1 of 1894] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱡᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (appeals) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱒᱐ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100420182128/http://envfor.nic.in/legis/legis.html#S "ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ: ᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ, ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱼᱩᱫᱩᱜ", ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100420182128/http://envfor.nic.in/legis/legis.html#R ᱵᱤᱨᱼᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ, ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ - "ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱼᱡᱤᱣᱤ (ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ) ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ", ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100420182128/http://envfor.nic.in/legis/legis.html "ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱼᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ", ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ] * [http://www.envfor.nic.in/ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ] * [http://www.ganesha.co.uk/JoPubWeb/colonialism2.htm ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ] rylhnde3rl4s2voiykodck9m3abb0h9 192875 192874 2026-06-16T08:53:25Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 192875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ}} {{Infobox legislation | short_title = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg | imagesize = 150 | imagealt = ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ | long_title = ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ᱾ | citation = [http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/forest/forest4.html Act No. 16 of 1927] | territorial_extent = ᱜᱚᱴᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | enacted_by = [[ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ]] | date_commenced = ᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ | status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ }} {{Wildlife of India}} '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗''' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱼᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, [[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ|ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (forest offence) ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢ (penalties) ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== [[ᱰᱟᱭᱴᱨᱤᱪ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤᱥ]] ᱑᱘᱖᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ (Indian Forest Service) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ (colonialism) ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{citation |title=The Performance of Nationalism: India, Pakistan, and the Memory of Partition|page=161|first=Jisha |last=Menon |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LP6VM20OtNEC&pg=PA161 |isbn=9781107000100}}</ref> ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱼᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱵᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{citation |title=Environmental legislation |url=http://www.thestatesman.com/features/environmental-legislation-1484784315.html |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=19 January 2017 }}</ref> ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱼᱢᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱣᱲᱤ (ᱫᱟᱲᱮ) ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱞᱤᱯᱟᱨ (railway sleepers) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱴ (teak wood) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} == ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ == ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ (permit) ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ (section) ᱒᱐ [Act 16 of 1927]<ref>{{cite web | title = The Forest Act, 1927 Indian Kanoon - Document | url = https://indiankanoon.org/doc/654536/ | website = Indian Kanoon | date = | access-date = 2025-08-22 }}</ref> ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱔ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ (ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ) ᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱰᱭᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ, ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱱᱚᱨ (Deputy Commissioner) ᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ (Forest Settlement Officer) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱚᱛᱛᱤ (claims and objections) ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤᱼᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ (acquire) ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ, ᱜᱩᱯᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱪᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱘᱙᱔]] [Act 1 of 1894] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱪ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱡᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (appeals) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱒᱐ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100420182128/http://envfor.nic.in/legis/legis.html#S "ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ: ᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ, ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱼᱩᱫᱩᱜ", ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱹᱨ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100420182128/http://envfor.nic.in/legis/legis.html#R ᱵᱤᱨᱼᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ, ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ - "ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱼᱡᱤᱣᱤ (ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ) ᱟᱹᱨᱤ", ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱹᱨ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100420182128/http://envfor.nic.in/legis/legis.html "ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱼᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ", ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱹᱨ] * [http://www.envfor.nic.in/ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱹᱨ] * [http://www.ganesha.co.uk/JoPubWeb/colonialism2.htm ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱩᱯᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱒᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] 276ibrogkpewbt6kq6qhr8t60e16rh2 0 36238 192865 2026-06-16T08:37:00Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 192865 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗]] 7jfqwmqf5xam6re0u8v4o084by60h4t 0 36239 192867 2026-06-16T08:37:16Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ 192867 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱒᱗]] faerexffqkbi9p4q1xqlw5wt7kurqxk 10 36240 192876 2026-06-16T08:55:26Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 "{{Infobox | child = {{{child|}}} | subbox = {{{subbox|}}} | above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{short_title|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} | abovestyle = {{#if:{{{background_color|}}}|border-top: 2px solid {{{background_color}}}; border-bottom: 2px solid {{{background_color}}}|background-color: #ededed}};color:inherit; | headerstyle = {{#if:{{{background_color|}}}|border-top: 2px solid {{{background_color}}}; border-..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 192876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | child = {{{child|}}} | subbox = {{{subbox|}}} | above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{short_title|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} | abovestyle = {{#if:{{{background_color|}}}|border-top: 2px solid {{{background_color}}}; border-bottom: 2px solid {{{background_color}}}|background-color: #ededed}};color:inherit; | headerstyle = {{#if:{{{background_color|}}}|border-top: 2px solid {{{background_color}}}; border-bottom: 2px solid {{{background_color}}}|background-color: #ededed}};color:inherit; |image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{#if:{{{image|}}} |{{{image}}} |{{Infobox legislation/images |image={{if empty|{{{legislature|}}}|{{{enacted_by|}}}|{{{considered_by|}}}}} |date={{{date_enacted|}}} }} }}|size={{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|{{{image_size|}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{if empty|{{{upright|}}}|{{{image_upright|}}}|yes}}|alt={{{imagealt|}}}}} |caption = {{{caption|}}} | labelstyle = {{{labelstyle|}}} |header1 = {{if empty|{{{legislature|}}}|{{{enacted_by|}}}|{{{considered_by|}}}}} |data2 = {{Collapsible list |titlestyle=font-weight:normal;text-align:center; | title = '''[[Long title]]''' | expand = {{#if:{{{autocollapse_long_title|}}}||true}} | {{#if: {{{long_title|}}} |{{center|{{{long_title}}} }} }} }} |label3 = Citation |data3 = {{{citation|}}} |label4 = Territorial extent |data4 = {{{territorial_extent|}}} |label5 = Considered&nbsp;by |data5 = {{{considered_by|}}} |label6 = {{#if:{{{date_passed|}}}{{{passed_by|}}}|Passed&nbsp;by|Enacted&nbsp;by}} |data6 = {{if empty|{{{passed_by|}}}|{{{enacted_by|}}}}} |label7 = Passed |data7 = {{{date_passed|}}} |label8 = Enacted |data8 = {{{date_enacted|}}} |label9 = Considered&nbsp;by |data9 = {{{considered_by2|}}} |label10 = {{#if:{{{date_passed2|}}}{{{passed_by2|}}}|Passed&nbsp;by|Enacted&nbsp;by}} |data10 = {{if empty|{{{passed_by2|}}}|{{{enacted_by2|}}}}} |label11 = Passed |data11 = {{{date_passed2|}}} |label12 = Enacted |data12 = {{{date_enacted2|}}} |label13 = Assented&nbsp;to&nbsp;by |data13 = {{{assented_by|}}} |label14 = Assented&nbsp;to |data14 = {{{date_assented|}}} |label15 = [[Royal assent]] |data15 = {{{royal_assent|}}} |label16 = Signed&nbsp;by |data16 = {{{signed_by|}}} |label17 = Signed |data17 = {{{date_signed|}}} |label18 = Vetoed&nbsp;by |data18 = {{{vetoed_by|}}} |label19 = Vetoed |data19 = {{{date_vetoed|}}} |label20 = Type&nbsp;of&nbsp;veto |data20 = {{{veto_type|}}} |label21 = Veto&nbsp;overridden |data21 = {{{veto_overridden|}}} |label22 = Holding |data22 = {{{reference_holding|}}} |label23 = [[Pocket veto|Pocket&nbsp;vetoed]] |data23 = {{{date_pocket_vetoed|}}} |label24 = Became law by inaction |data24 = {{{date_became_law_by_inaction|}}} |label25 = Commenced |data25 = {{if empty|{{{date_commenced|}}}|{{{commencement|}}}}} |label26 = [[Effective date|Effective]] |data26 = {{{date_effective|}}} |label27 = Date&nbsp;of&nbsp;expiry |data27 = {{{date_of_expiry|}}} |label28 = Repealed |data28 = {{{date_repealed|}}} |label29 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{status}}}}} |struck down = Struck down |disallowed = Disallowed |#default = Abrogated }} |data29 = {{{date_abrogated|}}} |label30 = Authorizing legislation |data30 = {{{authorizing_legislation|}}} |label31 = Administered&nbsp;by |data31 = {{{administered_by|}}} |label32 = [[White paper#Government white papers|White paper]] |data32 = {{{white_paper|}}} |header33 = {{#if:{{{codification_affects|}}}{{{codification_amends|}}}{{{codification_repeals|}}}{{{code_titles_affected|}}}{{{code_titles_amended|}}}{{{code_sections_created|}}}{{{code_sections_affected|}}}{{{code_sections_amended|}}}|Codification}} | label34 = Acts affected | data34 = {{{codification_affects|}}} | label35 = Acts amended | data35 = {{{codification_amends|}}} | label36 = Acts repealed | data36 = {{{codification_repeals|}}} | label37 = {{#if:{{{code|}}}|{{{code}}} titles affected|Code titles affected}} | data37 = {{{code_titles_affected|}}} | label38 = {{#if:{{{code|}}}|{{{code}}} titles amended|Code titles amended}} | data38 = {{{code_titles_amended|}}} | label39 = {{#if:{{{code|}}}|{{#if:{{{code_section_name|}}}|{{{code}}} {{{code_section_name}}}s created|{{{code}}} sections created}}|{{#if:{{{code_section_name|}}}|Code {{{code_section_name}}}s created|Code sections created}}}} | data39 = {{{code_sections_created|}}} | label40 = {{#if:{{{code|}}}|{{#if:{{{code_section_name|}}}|{{{code}}} {{{code_section_name}}}s affected|{{{code}}} sections affected}}|{{#if:{{{code_section_name|}}}|Code {{{code_section_name}}}s affected|Code sections affected}}}} | data40 = {{{code_sections_affected|}}} | label41 = {{#if:{{{code|}}}|{{#if:{{{code_section_name|}}}|{{{code}}} {{{code_section_name}}}s amended|{{{code}}} sections amended}}|{{#if:{{{code_section_name|}}}|Code {{{code_section_name}}}s amended|Code sections amended}}}} | data41 = {{{code_sections_amended|}}} |header42 = {{#if:{{{bill|}}}{{{bill_date|}}}{{{1st_reading|}}}{{{2nd_reading|}}}{{{3rd_reading|}}}{{{passage|}}}{{{passed|}}}| {{#if:{{{bill_history_url|}}}|[{{{bill_history_url|}}} Legislative history]|Legislative history}} }} |header43 = {{#if:{{{passed_by2|}}}{{{enacted_by2|}}}{{{considered_by2|}}}|{{#if:{{{bill|}}}{{{bill_citation|}}}{{{bill_date|}}}{{{introduced_by|}}}{{{committee_responsible|}}}{{{preliminary_reading|}}}{{{1st_reading|}}}{{{committee_post1st|}}}{{{2nd_reading|}}}{{{committee_post2nd|}}}{{{committee_whole|}}}{{{3rd_reading|}}}{{{passed|}}}{{{conf_committee_passed|}}}{{{committee_report|}}}|Initiating chamber: {{if empty|{{{passed_by|}}}|{{{enacted_by|}}}|{{{considered_by}}}}}}}}} |label44 = [[Bill (proposed law)|Bill]] title |data44 = {{{bill|}}} |label45 = Bill citation |data45 = {{{bill_citation|}}} |label46 = Introduced by |data46 = {{{introduced_by|}}} |label47 = Co-sponsored by |data47 = {{{cosponsored_by|}}} |label48 = {{#if:{{{rapporteur|}}}|Rapporteur|Member in Charge}} |data48 = {{if empty|{{{member_in_charge|}}}|{{{rapporteur|}}}}} |label49 = Introduced |data49 = {{if empty|{{{date_introduced|}}}|{{{introduced_on|}}}|{{{bill_date|}}}}} |label50 = Distributed to members |data50 = {{{date_distributed|}}} |label51 = Committee responsible |data51 = {{{committee_responsible|}}} |label52 = [[Reading (legislature)#Preliminary reading|Preliminary reading]] |data52 = {{{preliminary_reading|}}} | label53 = Voting summary | class53 = nowrap | data53 = {{unbulleted list | {{#if:{{{preliminary_reading_for|}}} |'''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{preliminary_reading_for}}}|0 |None | {{{preliminary_reading_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{preliminary_reading_against|}}} |'''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{preliminary_reading_against}}}|0 |None | {{{preliminary_reading_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{preliminary_reading_abstention|}}} |'''{{color|#333|{{#ifeq:{{{preliminary_reading_abstention}}}|0 |None | {{{preliminary_reading_abstention}}} }} abstained}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{preliminary_reading_absent|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{preliminary_reading_absent}}}|0 |None | {{{preliminary_reading_absent}}} }} absent}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{preliminary_reading_presentnotvoting|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{preliminary_reading_presentnotvoting}}}|0 |None | {{{preliminary_reading_presentnotvoting}}} }} present not voting}}<!-- -->}} |label54 = [[Reading (legislature)#First reading|First reading]] |data54 = {{{1st_reading|}}} | label55 = Voting summary | class55 = nowrap | data55 = {{unbulleted list | {{#if:{{{1st_reading_for|}}} |'''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{1st_reading_for}}}|0 |None | {{{1st_reading_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{1st_reading_against|}}} |'''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{1st_reading_against}}}|0 |None | {{{1st_reading_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{1st_reading_abstention|}}} |'''{{color|#333|{{#ifeq:{{{1st_reading_abstention}}}|0 |None | {{{1st_reading_abstention}}} }} abstained}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{1st_reading_absent|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{1st_reading_absent}}}|0 |None | {{{1st_reading_absent}}} }} absent}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{1st_reading_presentnotvoting|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{1st_reading_presentnotvoting}}}|0 |None | {{{1st_reading_presentnotvoting}}} }} present not voting}}<!-- -->}} |label56 = {{#if:{{{committee_responsible|}}}|Considered by the {{{committee_responsible}}} Committee|Considered in committee}} |data56 = {{#if:{{{committee_post1st|}}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{committee_action}}}}} |rejected = {{{committee_post1st|}}} (''{{color|red|rejected}}''{{#if:{{{committee_for|}}} |, '''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{committee_for}}}|0 |None | {{{committee_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}{{#if:{{{committee_against|}}} |, '''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{committee_against}}}|0 |None | {{{committee_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}) |approved = {{{committee_post1st|}}} (''{{color|green|approved}}''{{#if:{{{committee_for|}}} |, '''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{committee_for}}}|0 |None | {{{committee_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}{{#if:{{{committee_against|}}} |, '''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{committee_against}}}|0 |None | {{{committee_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}) |#default = {{{committee_post1st|}}} }} }} |label57 = [[Reading (legislature)#Second reading|Second reading]] |data57 = {{{2nd_reading|}}} | label58 = Voting summary | class58 = nowrap | data58 = {{unbulleted list | {{#if:{{{2nd_reading_for|}}} |'''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{2nd_reading_for}}}|0 |None | {{{2nd_reading_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{2nd_reading_against|}}} |'''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{2nd_reading_against}}}|0 |None | {{{2nd_reading_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{2nd_reading_abstention|}}} |'''{{color|#333|{{#ifeq:{{{2nd_reading_abstention}}}|0 |None | {{{2nd_reading_abstention}}} }} abstained}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{2nd_reading_absent|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{2nd_reading_absent}}}|0 |None | {{{2nd_reading_absent}}} }} absent}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{2nd_reading_presentnotvoting|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{2nd_reading_presentnotvoting}}}|0 |None | {{{2nd_reading_presentnotvoting}}} }} present not voting}}<!-- -->}} |label59 = {{#if:{{{committee_responsible|}}}|Considered by the {{{committee_responsible}}} Committee|Considered in committee}} |data59 = {{#if:{{{committee_post2nd|}}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{committee_action}}}}} |rejected = {{{committee_post2nd|}}} (''{{color|red|rejected}}''{{#if:{{{committee_for|}}} |, '''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{committee_for}}}|0 |None | {{{committee_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}{{#if:{{{committee_against|}}} |, '''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{committee_against}}}|0 |None | {{{committee_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}) |approved = {{{committee_post2nd|}}} (''{{color|green|approved}}''{{#if:{{{committee_for|}}} |, '''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{committee_for}}}|0 |None | {{{committee_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}{{#if:{{{committee_against|}}} |, '''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{committee_against}}}|0 |None | {{{committee_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}) |#default = {{{committee_post2nd|}}} }} }} |label60 = {{if empty|{{{committee_whole_label|}}}|[[Committee of the whole]]}} |data60 = {{{committee_whole|}}} |label61 = [[Reading (legislature)#Third reading|Third reading]] |data61 = {{{3rd_reading|}}} | label62 = Voting summary | class62 = nowrap | data62 = {{unbulleted list | {{#if:{{{3rd_reading_for|}}} |'''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{3rd_reading_for}}}|0 |None | {{{3rd_reading_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{3rd_reading_against|}}} |'''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{3rd_reading_against}}}|0 |None | {{{3rd_reading_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{3rd_reading_abstention|}}} |'''{{color|#333|{{#ifeq:{{{3rd_reading_abstention}}}|0 |None | {{{3rd_reading_abstention}}} }} abstained}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{3rd_reading_absent|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{3rd_reading_absent}}}|0 |None | {{{3rd_reading_absent}}} }} absent}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{3rd_reading_presentnotvoting|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{3rd_reading_presentnotvoting}}}|0 |None | {{{3rd_reading_presentnotvoting}}} }} present not voting}}<!-- -->}} |label63 = Passed |data63 = {{{passed|}}} | label64 = Voting summary | class64 = nowrap | data64 = {{unbulleted list | {{#if:{{{passed_for|}}} |'''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{passed_for}}}|0 |None | {{{passed_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{passed_against|}}} |'''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{passed_against}}}|0 |None | {{{passed_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{passed_abstention|}}} |'''{{color|#333|{{#ifeq:{{{passed_abstention}}}|0 |None | {{{passed_abstention}}} }} abstained}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{passed_absent|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{passed_absent}}}|0 |None | {{{passed_absent}}} }} absent}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{passed_presentnotvoting|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{passed_presentnotvoting}}}|0 |None | {{{passed_presentnotvoting}}} }} present not voting}}<!-- -->}} |label65 = Committee report |data65 = {{{committee_report|}}} |header66 = {{#if:{{{passed_by2|}}}{{{enacted_by2|}}}{{{considered_by2|}}}|{{#if:{{{bill2|}}}{{{bill_citation2|}}}{{{bill_date2|}}}{{{introduced_by2|}}}{{{committee_responsible2|}}}{{{preliminary_reading2|}}}{{{1st_reading2|}}}{{{committee_post1st2|}}}{{{2nd_reading2|}}}{{{committee_post2nd2|}}}{{{committee_whole2|}}}{{{3rd_reading2|}}}{{{passed2|}}}{{{conf_committee_passed2|}}}{{{committee_report2|}}}|Revising chamber: {{if empty|{{{passed_by2|}}}|{{{enacted_by2|}}}|{{{considered_by2}}}}}}}}} |label67 = Bill title |data67 = {{{bill2|}}} |label68 = Bill citation |data68 = {{{bill_citation2|}}} |label69 = Received from the {{if empty|{{{passed_by|}}}|{{{enacted_by|}}}|{{{considered_by}}}}} |data69 = {{if empty|{{{date_introduced2|}}}|{{{introduced_on2|}}}|{{{bill_date2|}}}|{{{received_from_first_chamber|}}}}} |label70 = {{#if:{{{rapporteur2|}}}|Rapporteur|Member(s) in charge}} |data70 = {{if empty|{{{introduced_by2|}}}|{{{member_in_charge2|}}}|{{{rapporteur2|}}}}} |label71 = Committee responsible |data71 = {{{committee_responsible2|}}} |label72 = Preliminary reading |data72 = {{{preliminary_reading2|}}} | label73 = Voting summary | class73 = nowrap | data73 = {{unbulleted list | {{#if:{{{preliminary_reading2_for|}}} |'''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{preliminary_reading2_for}}}|0 |None | {{{preliminary_reading2_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{preliminary_reading2_against|}}} |'''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{preliminary_reading2_against}}}|0 |None | {{{preliminary_reading2_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{preliminary_reading2_abstention|}}} |'''{{color|#333|{{#ifeq:{{{preliminary_reading2_abstention}}}|0 |None | {{{preliminary_reading2_abstention}}} }} abstained}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{preliminary_reading2_absent|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{preliminary_reading2_absent}}}|0 |None | {{{preliminary_reading2_absent}}} }} absent}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{preliminary_reading2_presentnotvoting|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{preliminary_reading2_presentnotvoting}}}|0 |None | {{{preliminary_reading2_presentnotvoting}}} }} present not voting}}<!-- -->}} |label74 = First reading |data74 = {{{1st_reading2|}}} | label75 = Voting summary | class75 = nowrap | data75 = {{unbulleted list | {{#if:{{{1st_reading2_for|}}} |'''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{1st_reading2_for}}}|0 |None | {{{1st_reading2_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{1st_reading2_against|}}} |'''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{1st_reading2_against}}}|0 |None | {{{1st_reading2_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{1st_reading2_abstention|}}} |'''{{color|#333|{{#ifeq:{{{1st_reading2_abstention}}}|0 |None | {{{1st_reading2_abstention}}} }} abstained}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{1st_reading2_absent|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{1st_reading2_absent}}}|0 |None | {{{1st_reading2_absent}}} }} absent}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{1st_reading2_presentnotvoting|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{1st_reading2_presentnotvoting}}}|0 |None | {{{1st_reading2_presentnotvoting}}} }} present not voting}}<!-- -->}} |label76 = {{#if:{{{committee_responsible2|}}}|Considered by the {{{committee_responsible2}}} Committee|Considered in committee}} |data76 = {{#if:{{{committee_post1st2|}}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{committee2_action}}}}} |rejected = {{{committee_post1st2|}}} (''{{color|red|rejected}}''{{#if:{{{committee2_for|}}} |, '''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{committee2_for}}}|0 |None | {{{committee2_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}{{#if:{{{committee2_against|}}} |, '''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{committee2_against}}}|0 |None | {{{committee2_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}) |approved = {{{committee_post1st2|}}} (''{{color|green|approved}}''{{#if:{{{committee2_for|}}} |, '''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{committee2_for}}}|0 |None | {{{committee2_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}{{#if:{{{committee2_against|}}} |, '''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{committee2_against}}}|0 |None | {{{committee2_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}) |#default = {{{committee_post1st2|}}} }} }} |label77 = Second reading |data77 = {{{2nd_reading2|}}} | label78 = Voting summary | class78 = nowrap | data78 = {{unbulleted list | {{#if:{{{2nd_reading2_for|}}} |'''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{2nd_reading2_for}}}|0 |None | {{{2nd_reading2_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{2nd_reading2_against|}}} |'''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{2nd_reading2_against}}}|0 |None | {{{2nd_reading2_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{2nd_reading2_abstention|}}} |'''{{color|#333|{{#ifeq:{{{2nd_reading2_abstention}}}|0 |None | {{{2nd_reading2_abstention}}} }} abstained}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{2nd_reading2_absent|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{2nd_reading2_absent}}}|0 |None | {{{2nd_reading2_absent}}} }} absent}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{2nd_reading2_presentnotvoting|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{2nd_reading2_presentnotvoting}}}|0 |None | {{{2nd_reading2_presentnotvoting}}} }} present not voting}}<!-- -->}} |label79 = {{#if:{{{committee_responsible2|}}}|Considered by the {{{committee_responsible2}}} Committee|Considered in committee}} |data79 = {{#if:{{{committee_post2nd2|}}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{committee2_action}}}}} |rejected = {{{committee_post2nd2|}}} (''{{color|red|rejected}}''{{#if:{{{committee2_for|}}} |, '''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{committee2_for}}}|0 |None | {{{committee2_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}{{#if:{{{committee2_against|}}} |, '''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{committee2_against}}}|0 |None | {{{committee2_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}) |approved = {{{committee_post2nd2|}}} (''{{color|green|approved}}''{{#if:{{{committee2_for|}}} |, '''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{committee2_for}}}|0 |None | {{{committee2_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}{{#if:{{{committee2_against|}}} |, '''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{committee2_against}}}|0 |None | {{{committee2_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}) |#default = {{{committee_post2nd2|}}} }} }} |label80 = {{if empty|{{{committee_whole_label2|}}}|[[Committee of the whole]]}} |data80 = {{{committee_whole2|}}} |label81 = Third reading |data81 = {{{3rd_reading2|}}} | label82 = Voting summary | class82 = nowrap | data82 = {{unbulleted list | {{#if:{{{3rd_reading2_for|}}} |'''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{3rd_reading2_for}}}|0 |None | {{{3rd_reading2_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{3rd_reading2_against|}}} |'''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{3rd_reading2_against}}}|0 |None | {{{3rd_reading2_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{3rd_reading2_abstention|}}} |'''{{color|#333|{{#ifeq:{{{3rd_reading2_abstention}}}|0 |None | {{{3rd_reading2_abstention}}} }} abstained}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{3rd_reading2_absent|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{3rd_reading2_absent}}}|0 |None | {{{3rd_reading2_absent}}} }} absent}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{3rd_reading2_presentnotvoting|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{3rd_reading2_presentnotvoting}}}|0 |None | {{{3rd_reading2_presentnotvoting}}} }} present not voting}}<!-- -->}} |label83 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{second_chamber_action}}}}} |rejected = Rejected |passed after rejection = Rejected |passed with amendments = Passed with amendments |amendments rejected = Passed with amendments |resolved not to consider = Resolved not to consider |passed by inaction = Passed by inaction |#default = Passed }} |data83 = {{{passed2|}}} | label84 = Voting summary | class84 = nowrap | data84 = {{unbulleted list | {{#if:{{{passed2_for|}}} |'''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{passed2_for}}}|0 |None | {{{passed2_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{passed2_against|}}} |'''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{passed2_against}}}|0 |None | {{{passed2_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{passed2_abstention|}}} |'''{{color|#333|{{#ifeq:{{{passed2_abstention}}}|0 |None | {{{passed2_abstention}}} }} abstained}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{passed2_absent|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{passed2_absent}}}|0 |None | {{{passed2_absent}}} }} absent}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{passed2_presentnotvoting|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{passed2_presentnotvoting}}}|0 |None | {{{passed2_presentnotvoting}}} }} present not voting}}<!-- -->}} |label87 = Committee report |data87 = {{{committee_report2|}}} |header88 = {{#if:{{{date_conf_committee|}}}{{{white_paper|}}}{{{date_amendments_considered|}}}{{{date_final_passage|}}}{{{date_reconsidered|}}}{{{date_reconsidered2|}}}|{{#if:{{{enacted_by2|}}}{{{considered_by2|}}}|Final stages}}}} |label91 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{second_chamber_action}}}}} |rejected = {{if empty|{{{enacted_by2|}}}|{{{considered_by2|}}}}} rejection considered by the {{if empty|{{{enacted_by|}}}|{{{considered_by|}}}}} |passed after rejection = passed by the {{if empty|{{{enacted_by|}}}|{{{considered_by|}}}}} after {{if empty|{{{enacted_by2|}}}|{{{considered_by2|}}}}} rejection |amendments rejected = {{if empty|{{{enacted_by2|}}}|{{{considered_by2|}}}}} amendments rejected by the {{if empty|{{{enacted_by|}}}|{{{considered_by|}}}}} |#default = {{if empty|{{{enacted_by2|}}}|{{{considered_by2|}}}}} amendments considered by the {{if empty|{{{enacted_by|}}}|{{{considered_by|}}}}} }} |data91 = {{{date_amendments_considered|}}} | label92 = Voting summary | class92 = nowrap | data92 = {{unbulleted list | {{#if:{{{amendments_considered_for|}}} |'''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{amendments_considered_for}}}|0 |None | {{{amendments_considered_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{amendments_considered_against|}}} |'''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{amendments_considered_against}}}|0 |None | {{{amendments_considered_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{amendments_considered_abstention|}}} |'''{{color|#333|{{#ifeq:{{{amendments_considered_abstention}}}|0 |None | {{{amendments_considered_abstention}}} }} abstained}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{amendments_considered_absent|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{amendments_considered_absent}}}|0 |None | {{{amendments_considered_absent}}} }} absent}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{amendments_considered_presentnotvoting|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{amendments_considered_presentnotvoting}}}|0 |None | {{{amendments_considered_presentnotvoting}}} }} present not voting}}<!-- -->}} |label93 = Reported from [[conference committee]] |data93 = {{{date_conf_committee|}}} |label94 = Conference committee bill passed by {{if empty|{{{enacted_by|}}}|{{{considered_by|}}}}} |data94 = {{{conf_committee_passed|}}} | label95 = Voting summary | class95 = nowrap | data95 = {{unbulleted list | {{#if:{{{conf_committee_passed_for|}}} |'''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{conf_committee_passed_for}}}|0 |None | {{{conf_committee_passed_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{conf_committee_passed_against|}}} |'''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{conf_committee_passed_against}}}|0 |None | {{{conf_committee_passed_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{conf_committee_passed_abstention|}}} |'''{{color|#333|{{#ifeq:{{{conf_committee_passed_abstention}}}|0 |None | {{{conf_committee_passed_abstention}}} }} abstained}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{conf_committee_passed_absent|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{conf_committee_passed_absent}}}|0 |None | {{{conf_committee_passed_absent}}} }} absent}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{conf_committee_passed_presentnotvoting|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{conf_committee_passed_presentnotvoting}}}|0 |None | {{{conf_committee_passed_presentnotvoting}}} }} present not voting}}<!-- -->}} |label96 = Conference committee bill passed by {{if empty|{{{enacted_by2|}}}|{{{considered_by2|}}}}} |data96 = {{{conf_committee_passed2|}}} | label97 = Voting summary | class97 = nowrap | data97 = {{unbulleted list | {{#if:{{{conf_committee_passed2_for|}}} |'''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{conf_committee_passed2_for}}}|0 |None | {{{conf_committee_passed2_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{conf_committee_passed2_against|}}} |'''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{conf_committee_passed2_against}}}|0 |None | {{{conf_committee_passed2_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{conf_committee_passed2_abstention|}}} |'''{{color|#333|{{#ifeq:{{{conf_committee_passed2_abstention}}}|0 |None | {{{conf_committee_passed2_abstention}}} }} abstained}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{conf_committee_passed2_absent|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{conf_committee_passed2_absent}}}|0 |None | {{{conf_committee_passed2_absent}}} }} absent}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{conf_committee_passed2_presentnotvoting|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{conf_committee_passed2_presentnotvoting}}}|0 |None | {{{conf_committee_passed2_presentnotvoting}}} }} present not voting}}<!-- -->}} |label98 = Finally passed both chambers |data98 = {{{date_final_passage|}}} |label99 = {{#if:{{{enacted_by2|}}}{{{considered_by2|}}}{{{reconsidered_in_joint_sitting}}}|Reconsidered by the {{if empty|{{{enacted_by|}}}|{{{considered_by|}}}}} after veto|Reconsidered after veto}} |data99 = {{{date_reconsidered|}}} | label100 = Voting summary | class100 = nowrap | data100 = {{unbulleted list | {{#if:{{{veto_override_for|}}} |'''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{veto_override_for}}}|0 |None | {{{veto_override_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{veto_override_against|}}} |'''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{veto_override_against}}}|0 |None | {{{veto_override_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{veto_override_abstention|}}} |'''{{color|#333|{{#ifeq:{{{veto_override_abstention}}}|0 |None | {{{veto_override_abstention}}} }} abstained}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{veto_override_absent|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{veto_override_absent}}}|0 |None | {{{veto_override_absent}}} }} absent}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{veto_override_presentnotvoting|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{veto_override_presentnotvoting}}}|0 |None | {{{veto_override_presentnotvoting}}} }} present not voting}}<!-- -->}} |label101 = Reconsidered by the {{if empty|{{{enacted_by2|}}}|{{{considered_by2}}}}} after veto |data101 = {{{date_reconsidered2|}}} | label102 = Voting summary | class102 = nowrap | data102 = {{unbulleted list | {{#if:{{{veto_override2_for|}}} |'''{{color|#090|{{#ifeq:{{{veto_override2_for}}}|0 |None | {{{veto_override2_for}}} }} voted for}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{veto_override2_against|}}} |'''{{color|#900|{{#ifeq:{{{veto_override2_against}}}|0 |None | {{{veto_override2_against}}} }} voted against}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{veto_override2_abstention|}}} |'''{{color|#333|{{#ifeq:{{{veto_override2_abstention}}}|0 |None | {{{veto_override2_abstention}}} }} abstained}}'''}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{veto_override2_absent|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{veto_override2_absent}}}|0 |None | {{{veto_override2_absent}}} }} absent}}<!-- -->| {{#if:{{{veto_override2_presentnotvoting|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{veto_override2_presentnotvoting}}}|0 |None | {{{veto_override2_presentnotvoting}}} }} present not voting}}<!-- -->}} |header103 = {{#if:{{{amends|}}}|Amends}} |data104 = {{{amends|}}} |header105 = {{#if:{{{repeals|}}}|[[Repeal]]s}} |data106 = {{{repeals|}}} |header107 = {{#if:{{{amended_by|}}}|Amended by}} |data108 = {{{amended_by|}}} |header109 = {{#if:{{{repealed_by|}}}|Repealed by}} |data110 = {{{repealed_by|}}} |header111 = {{#if:{{{related|}}}{{{related_legislation|}}}|Related legislation}} |data112 = {{if empty|{{{related|}}}|{{{related_legislation|}}}}} |header113 = {{#if:{{{related_cases|}}}|{{#if:{{{supreme_court|}}}|{{{supreme_court}}} cases|Related cases}}}} 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parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox legislation]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox legislation with conflicting parameters}} | imagesize; image_size | upright; image_upright | date_commenced; commencement | member_in_charge; rapporteur | date_introduced; introduced_on; bill_date | date_introduced2; introduced_on2; bill_date2; received_from_first_chamber | introduced_by2; member_in_charge2; rapporteur2 | related; related_legislation }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> hgd64iduojj665r0hcy4iqntefkk4sk 0 36241 192877 2026-06-16T11:12:52Z MT731 2184 "{{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ}} {{Infobox company | name = ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱥ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ | logo = Tata Power Solar logo.png | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | logo_padding = | image = | image_size..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 192877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ}} {{Infobox company | name = ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱥ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ | logo = Tata Power Solar logo.png | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | logo_padding = | image = | image_size = 20 | image_alt = | image_caption = | trade_name = | former_name = ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱤ.ᱯᱤ. ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ | type = [[ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭᱤᱡ]] | traded_as = | ISIN = | industry = [[ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ]] | successor = <!-- or: | successors = --> | founded = {{Start date and age|1989}} | founders = {{ubl|[[ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ]]|[[ᱵᱤ.ᱯᱤ. ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ]]}} | hq_location = ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤ ᱵᱷᱚᱵᱚᱱ, ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱔ | hq_location_city = [[ᱱᱚᱭᱰᱟ]], [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]] | hq_location_country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ<ref>{{cite web|title=Contact Us|url=http://www.tatapowersolar.com/contact_us|website=Tata Power Solar|access-date=9 March 2017}}</ref> | num_locations = | num_locations_year = <!-- Year of num_locations data (if known) --> | area_served = ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ | key_people = | products = | brands = | production = | production_year = <!-- Year of production data (if known) --> | services = | revenue = | revenue_year = <!-- Year of revenue data (if known) --> | operating_income = | income_year = <!-- Year of operating_income data (if known) --> | net_income = | net_income_year = | assets = | assets_year = <!-- Year of assets data (if known) --> | equity = | equity_year = <!-- Year of equity data (if known) --> | num_members = | num_members_year = <!-- Year of members data (if known) --> | num_employees = | num_employees_year = <!-- Year of num_employees data (if known) --> | parent = [[ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ]] | divisions = | subsidiaries = | module = <!-- Used to embed other templates --> | website = {{URL|http://tatapowersolar.com}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱥ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ''', ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ '''ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱤ.ᱯᱤ. ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ''', ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱰᱩᱞ, ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|title=Solar Products, EPC Services, Solar PV cells and modules|url=http://www.tatapowersolar.com/About-Us|website=Tata Power Solar|access-date=9 March 2017}}</ref> ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱜᱤᱜᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/tata-power-solar-achieves-1-gw-of-module-shipments/article9524072.ece|title=Tata Power Solar achieves 1 GW of module shipments|last=Ramesh|first=M|date=2017-02-06|work=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=2017-03-10|language=en}}</ref> ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱜᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱢᱚᱰᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱜᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |date=7 February 2017 |title=Tata Power Solar becomes first Indian firm to ship out 1 GW solar modules |url=http://www.business-standard.com/content/b2b-manufacturing-industry/tata-power-becomes-first-indian-firm-to-ship-out-1-gw-solar-modules-117020700252_1.html |access-date=9 March 2017 |website=Business Standard India}}</ref> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== [[ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱤᱹᱯᱤᱹ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱤᱹᱯᱤᱹ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱭᱮᱸᱴ ᱣᱮᱸᱪᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name = "History">{{cite web|title=HISTORY & MILESTONES|url=http://www.tatapowersolar.com/Company-Milestones|website=Tata Power Solar|access-date=9 March 2017}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱢᱮᱜᱟ ᱣᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱩᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱯᱟᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱩᱥᱚᱱ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱚᱯᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name = "History"/><ref name = "CT1">{{cite web|title=Tata Power Solar Is First Indian Company To Ship 1 Gigawatt Of Solar Modules|url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/03/01/tata-power-solar-first-indian-company-ship-1-gigawatt-solar-modules/|website=[[CleanTechnica]]|access-date=9 March 2017}}</ref> ᱵᱤ.ᱯᱤ. ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤ.ᱯᱤ. ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|title=BP turns out lights at solar business|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bp-solar-idUSTRE7BK1CC20111221|website=Reuters|access-date=10 March 2017|date=21 December 2016}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱓᱐ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ, ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱤ.ᱯᱤ. ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱚᱢᱥ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name = "History"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Tata BP Solar India Limited renamed as Tata Power Solar Systems Limited - a new beginning for India's pioneering solar company!|url=https://www.tatapower.com/media-corner/pressrelease-2012/press-release-30-aug-2012.aspx|website=Tata Power|access-date=18 March 2017|location=Bangalore|date=30 August 2012}}</ref> ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱚᱱᱛᱚᱯᱩᱨ, ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱ.ᱯᱤ. ᱠᱩᱱᱴᱟ ᱩᱞᱴᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱜᱟ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱰᱩᱞ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/tata-power-solar-commissions-100-mw-project-in-andhra-116081600559_1.html|title=Tata Power Solar commissions 100 mw project in Andhra|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2016-08-16|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2017-03-10}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱞᱮᱠᱨᱚᱠ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱥᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱵᱟᱫᱟᱞᱟ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Meghna |date=14 April 2022 |title=Blackrock-led group to invest ₹4,000 cr in Tata Power's energy unit |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/blackrock-mubadala-invest-rs-4-000-crore-in-tata-power-renewables-for-10-53-stake-11649934229190.html |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> ==ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ== ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱯᱚᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱨᱩᱯᱷᱴᱚᱯ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ|ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯᱷᱴᱚᱯ]] ᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bridgetoindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/india-solar-rooftop-map-_-March-2018.pdf|title=INDIA SOLAR ROOFTOP MAP I JULY 2018|website=www.bridgetoindia.com|access-date=2018-12-24}}</ref> ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱞᱚᱵᱽ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (ᱵᱨᱟᱵᱳᱨᱱ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ) ᱨᱮ ᱘᱒.᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱣᱟᱴ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯᱷᱴᱚᱯ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯᱷᱴᱚᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2018/aug/30/tata-power-solar-does-worlds-largest-solar-rooftop-installation-on-cricket-stadium-in-mumbai-1865027.html|title=Tata Power Solar does world's largest solar rooftop installation on cricket stadium in Mumbai|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2019-02-18}}</ref> ==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ== *[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ]] *[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱨᱡᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱳᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] *[[ᱟᱡᱩᱨ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱨᱡᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱷᱚᱴᱳᱵᱚᱞᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱯᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱚᱭᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ]] 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