Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.7 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 4 1063 906290 906244 2025-06-27T20:57:13Z MediaWiki message delivery 20411 /* Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews */ new section 906290 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[File:Mercat Cross, Edinburgh.jpg|right|200px]] Walcome tae the Mercat Cross! This is the airt tae tauk aboot the technical wirkins o the Wikipedia. <div style="background-color: #add8e6; padding: 5px 15px; border-radius: 8px;"><big>Tae raise or discuss spellin o Scots wirds, an which we shuid be uisin, please gaun tae '''[[Wikipedia: Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]]'''</big></div> * '''sco:''' {{int:please-translate}}. * '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection. *Archives: [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/4|4]]. {{TOC limit|2}} <!--Automatic archive configuration begins --> {{Uiser:MABot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/%(counter)s |algo = old(30d) |counter = 5 |maxarchivesize = 250K |minthreadsleft = 5 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |archiveheader = }} <!-- Automatic archive configuration ends --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 03:08, 28 Mey 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|Collogue]]) 16:47, 29 Mey 2025 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Juin 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 17:44, 17 Juin 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == Adminship votin open == {{en}} Wee note to say that there's an RfA (request for adminship) now open here: [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship]]. [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 09:57, 25 Juin 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Juin 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> a8cmwsd02ezpymknp5gi5l399amoo31 906306 906290 2025-06-28T02:39:09Z MABot 35091 Bot: Archivin 1 thread (aulder than 30 days) til [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/5]] 906306 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[File:Mercat Cross, Edinburgh.jpg|right|200px]] Walcome tae the Mercat Cross! This is the airt tae tauk aboot the technical wirkins o the Wikipedia. <div style="background-color: #add8e6; padding: 5px 15px; border-radius: 8px;"><big>Tae raise or discuss spellin o Scots wirds, an which we shuid be uisin, please gaun tae '''[[Wikipedia: Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]]'''</big></div> * '''sco:''' {{int:please-translate}}. * '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection. *Archives: [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/4|4]]. {{TOC limit|2}} <!--Automatic archive configuration begins --> {{Uiser:MABot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/%(counter)s |algo = old(30d) |counter = 5 |maxarchivesize = 250K |minthreadsleft = 5 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |archiveheader = }} <!-- Automatic archive configuration ends --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|Collogue]]) 16:47, 29 Mey 2025 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Juin 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 17:44, 17 Juin 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == Adminship votin open == {{en}} Wee note to say that there's an RfA (request for adminship) now open here: [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship]]. [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 09:57, 25 Juin 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Juin 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> 8lela4ua6radke7xe98os0lar97z1ji 0 3321 906279 381475 2025-06-27T13:36:43Z Sikander 40463 image update 906279 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Barry Andrews, July 2024 (cropped).jpg|thumb]] '''Barry Andrews''' (born [[Mey]] [[1967]]) is a politeecian in the [[Republic o Ireland]], an a member o the Irish pairlament in Dublin, representin the pairty Fianna Fáil. He represents the Dún Laoghaire consteetuency in Dáil Éireann. {{DEFAULTSORT:Andrews, Barry}} [[Category:1967 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o Varsity College Dublin]] [[Category:Andrews faimily|Barry]] [[Category:Fianna Fáil politeecians]] [[Category:Erse barristers]] [[Category:Erse schuilteachers]] [[Category:Members o the 29t Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 30t Dáil]] [[Category:Meenisters o State o the 30t Dáil]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Blackrock College]] [[Category:Fowk frae Dún Laoghaire]] [[Category:Politeecians frae Coonty Dublin]] [[Category:Teachtaí Dála]] bkadm4z2yg4fyca0v65g78vq6nlqwrj 0 41047 906314 826281 2025-06-28T09:00:32Z Foxy Woods 119082 906314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Gråbo | image_skyline = Flygfoto över Gråbo.jpg | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Sweden Västra Götaland#Sweden | pushpin_label_position = | subdivision_type = [[Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Swaden]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Municipalities o Swaden|Municipality]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Lerum Municipality]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Coonties o Swaden|Coonty]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Västra Götaland Coonty]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces o Sweden|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Västergötland]] | area_footnotes = <ref name=scb>{{cite web |url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls |title=Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km² 2005 och 2010 |date=14 December 2011 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |language=Swadish |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64arqC15e?url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls |archivedate=2012-01-10 |deadurl=no |accessdate=10 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 2.31 | population_as_of = 31 December 2010 | population_footnotes = <ref name=scb /> | population_total = 4,195 <!-- This is the official figure from Statistics Sweden (Statistiska centralbyrån). --> | population_density_km2 = 1817 | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | coordinates = {{coord|57|50|N|12|17|E|region:SE|display=inline}} | website = }} '''Gråbo''' is a [[Urban auries in Swaden|locality]] situatit in [[Lerum Municipality]], [[Västra Götaland Coonty]], [[Swaden]]. It haed 4,195 inhabitants in 2010.<ref name=scb /> == References == {{Reflist}} {{Localities in Lerum Municipality}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Grabo}} [[Category:Populatit places in Lerum Municipality]] 6kd55y71pfost6odclv9wmo4wsk6wsz 0 42198 906311 906275 2025-06-28T07:02:55Z Ziv 115323 → File has been renamed on Commons ([[:c:GR]]) 906311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Russian inhabited locality |en_name=Malgobek |ru_name=Малгобек |loc_name1=Магӏалбике |loc_lang1=Ingush |other_name |other_lang |image_skyline |image_caption |map_label_position=bottom |coordinates = {{coord|43|30|N|44|45|E|display=inline,title}} |image_flag |flag_caption |image_coa=Coat of arms of Maglobek.svg |coa_caption |anthem |anthem_ref |holiday |holiday_ref <!----ADMINISTRATIVE STATUS----> |federal_subject=[[Ingushetie]] |federal_subject_ref=<ref name="2010Census" /> |adm_data_as_of= |adm_city_jur=[[ceety o federal subject significance|toun o republic significance]] o Malgobek |adm_city_jur_ref= |adm_ctr_of1=[[Malgobeksky Destrict]] |adm_ctr_of1_ref= |adm_ctr_of2=toun o republic significance o Malgobek |adm_ctr_of2_ref= |inhabloc_cat=Town |inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="2010Census" /> |inhabloc_type |inhabloc_type_ref <!----MUNICIPAL STATUS----> |mun_data_as_of=Mairch 2010 |urban_okrug_jur=Malgobek Urban Okrug |urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref436" /> |mun_admctr1_of=Malgobek Urban Okrug |mun_admctr1_of_ref=<ref name="Ref436" /> |mun_admctr2_of=Malgobeksky Municipal Destrict |mun_admctr2_of_ref=<ref name="Ref436" /> |leader_title |leader_title_ref |leader_name |leader_name_ref |representative_body |representative_body_ref <!----STATISTICS----> |area_of_what |area_as_of |area_km2 |area_km2_ref |pop_2010census=31018 |pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> |pop_density |pop_density_as_of |pop_density_ref |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= <!----HISTORY----> |established_date= |established_title |established_date_ref |current_cat_date=1939 |current_cat_date_ref |prev_name1 |prev_name1_date |prev_name1_ref <!----MISCELLANEA----> |postal_codes=386302 |postal_codes_ref |dialing_codes=87346 |dialing_codes_ref |website=http://www.malgobek.ru/ |website_ref |commonscat=Malgobek |date=December 2009 |image_flag=Flag of Malgobek.svg}} '''Malgobek''' ({{lang-ru|Малгобе́к}}; {{lang|inh|Магӏалбике}}) is a [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|toun]] in [[Ingushetie]], [[Roushie]], locatit {{convert|45|km|sp=us}} northwast o the republic's [[caipital ceety|caipital]] o [[Magas]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=31,018|p2002=41,876|p1989=20,364}} ==History== In 1934, the ''[[veelage#Roushie|selo]]'' o '''Voznesenskoye''' wis grantit [[urban-teep dounset|wirk dounset]] status. It servit then recently discovered ilefields, on the territory o umwhile [[Ingush fowk|Ingush]] veelages o Malgobek-Balka ({{lang|ru|Малгобек-Балка}}) an Chechen-Balka ({{lang|ru|Чечен-Балка}}). Toun status wis grantit tae it in 1939. Durin [[Warld War II]], Malgobek wis occupee'd bi the German forces frae 12 September 1942 tae 3 Januar 1943, when it wis recaptured bi the [[Red Airmy]]. In October 2007, Malgobek wis conferred the status o ''[[Ceety o Militar Glory]]'' bi [[Preses o Roushie|Preses]] [[Vladimir Putin]] for heroically stoppin the German forces at its borders.<ref>{{Cite Russian law |ru_entity=Президент Российской Федерации |ru_type=Указ |ru_number=1344 |ru_date=8 октября 2007 |ru_title=О присвоении г.&nbsp;Малгобеку почетного звания Российской Федерации "Город воинской славы" |ru_url=http://document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=041897 |en_entity=[[Preses o Roushie|Preses o the Roushie Federation]] |en_type=Decree |en_number=1344 |en_date=October&nbsp;8, 2007 |en_title=On Granting the Honorary Title of the Russian Federation "City of Military Glory" to the Town of Malgobek }}</ref> In the 1990s, the toun's population doubled due tae an influx o refugees frae the neebourin war-torn [[Chechnie|Chechen Republic]]. ==Admeenistrative an municipal status== Athin the [[subdivisions o Roushie#Admeenistrative divisions|framewirk o admeenistrative diveesions]], Malgobek serves as the [[admeenistrative centre]] o [[Malgobeksky Destrict]], even tho it is no a pairt o it. As an admeenistrative diveesion, it is incorporated separately as the '''[[ceety o federal subject significance|toun o republic significance]] o Malgobek'''—an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the [[admeenistrative diveesions o Ingushetie|destricts]]. As a [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Municipal diveesions|municipal diveesion]], the toun o republic significance o Malgobek is incorporatit as '''Malgobek Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref436">Law #5-RZ</ref> ==Economy== Besides the ile activities o the company ''[[Ingushneftegazprom]]'', the toun's industrie includes firthwirkin an fuid relatit industries. ==References== ===Notes=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|in|mun|list}} {{Ingushetie}} {{Ceeties o Militar Glory}} [[Category:Ceeties an touns in Ingushetie]] [[Category:Ceeties o Militar Glory]] a6tyou449krbhq9rn7pr7hddbk1e24j 906312 906311 2025-06-28T07:44:17Z Ziv 115323 → File has been renamed on Commons ([[:c:GR]]) 906312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Russian inhabited locality |en_name=Malgobek |ru_name=Малгобек |loc_name1=Магӏалбике |loc_lang1=Ingush |other_name |other_lang |image_skyline |image_caption |map_label_position=bottom |coordinates = {{coord|43|30|N|44|45|E|display=inline,title}} |image_flag |flag_caption |image_coa= Coat of arms of Malgobek.svg |coa_caption |anthem |anthem_ref |holiday |holiday_ref <!----ADMINISTRATIVE STATUS----> |federal_subject=[[Ingushetie]] |federal_subject_ref=<ref name="2010Census" /> |adm_data_as_of= |adm_city_jur=[[ceety o federal subject significance|toun o republic significance]] o Malgobek |adm_city_jur_ref= |adm_ctr_of1=[[Malgobeksky Destrict]] |adm_ctr_of1_ref= |adm_ctr_of2=toun o republic significance o Malgobek |adm_ctr_of2_ref= |inhabloc_cat=Town |inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="2010Census" /> |inhabloc_type |inhabloc_type_ref <!----MUNICIPAL STATUS----> |mun_data_as_of=Mairch 2010 |urban_okrug_jur=Malgobek Urban Okrug |urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref436" /> |mun_admctr1_of=Malgobek Urban Okrug |mun_admctr1_of_ref=<ref name="Ref436" /> |mun_admctr2_of=Malgobeksky Municipal Destrict |mun_admctr2_of_ref=<ref name="Ref436" /> |leader_title |leader_title_ref |leader_name |leader_name_ref |representative_body |representative_body_ref <!----STATISTICS----> |area_of_what |area_as_of |area_km2 |area_km2_ref |pop_2010census=31018 |pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> |pop_density |pop_density_as_of |pop_density_ref |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= <!----HISTORY----> |established_date= |established_title |established_date_ref |current_cat_date=1939 |current_cat_date_ref |prev_name1 |prev_name1_date |prev_name1_ref <!----MISCELLANEA----> |postal_codes=386302 |postal_codes_ref |dialing_codes=87346 |dialing_codes_ref |website=http://www.malgobek.ru/ |website_ref |commonscat=Malgobek |date=December 2009 |image_flag=Flag of Malgobek.svg}} '''Malgobek''' ({{lang-ru|Малгобе́к}}; {{lang|inh|Магӏалбике}}) is a [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|toun]] in [[Ingushetie]], [[Roushie]], locatit {{convert|45|km|sp=us}} northwast o the republic's [[caipital ceety|caipital]] o [[Magas]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=31,018|p2002=41,876|p1989=20,364}} ==History== In 1934, the ''[[veelage#Roushie|selo]]'' o '''Voznesenskoye''' wis grantit [[urban-teep dounset|wirk dounset]] status. It servit then recently discovered ilefields, on the territory o umwhile [[Ingush fowk|Ingush]] veelages o Malgobek-Balka ({{lang|ru|Малгобек-Балка}}) an Chechen-Balka ({{lang|ru|Чечен-Балка}}). Toun status wis grantit tae it in 1939. Durin [[Warld War II]], Malgobek wis occupee'd bi the German forces frae 12 September 1942 tae 3 Januar 1943, when it wis recaptured bi the [[Red Airmy]]. In October 2007, Malgobek wis conferred the status o ''[[Ceety o Militar Glory]]'' bi [[Preses o Roushie|Preses]] [[Vladimir Putin]] for heroically stoppin the German forces at its borders.<ref>{{Cite Russian law |ru_entity=Президент Российской Федерации |ru_type=Указ |ru_number=1344 |ru_date=8 октября 2007 |ru_title=О присвоении г.&nbsp;Малгобеку почетного звания Российской Федерации "Город воинской славы" |ru_url=http://document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=041897 |en_entity=[[Preses o Roushie|Preses o the Roushie Federation]] |en_type=Decree |en_number=1344 |en_date=October&nbsp;8, 2007 |en_title=On Granting the Honorary Title of the Russian Federation "City of Military Glory" to the Town of Malgobek }}</ref> In the 1990s, the toun's population doubled due tae an influx o refugees frae the neebourin war-torn [[Chechnie|Chechen Republic]]. ==Admeenistrative an municipal status== Athin the [[subdivisions o Roushie#Admeenistrative divisions|framewirk o admeenistrative diveesions]], Malgobek serves as the [[admeenistrative centre]] o [[Malgobeksky Destrict]], even tho it is no a pairt o it. As an admeenistrative diveesion, it is incorporated separately as the '''[[ceety o federal subject significance|toun o republic significance]] o Malgobek'''—an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the [[admeenistrative diveesions o Ingushetie|destricts]]. As a [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Municipal diveesions|municipal diveesion]], the toun o republic significance o Malgobek is incorporatit as '''Malgobek Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref436">Law #5-RZ</ref> ==Economy== Besides the ile activities o the company ''[[Ingushneftegazprom]]'', the toun's industrie includes firthwirkin an fuid relatit industries. ==References== ===Notes=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|in|mun|list}} {{Ingushetie}} {{Ceeties o Militar Glory}} [[Category:Ceeties an touns in Ingushetie]] [[Category:Ceeties o Militar Glory]] 1lzgvypbydf4sbezydy29i1c88o7ac5 0 43864 906282 837060 2025-06-27T14:39:03Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 906282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |Art = Stadt |image_photo = |Wappen = Wappen wadern.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|31|N|6|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |Lageplan = Wadern in MZG.svg |Bundesland = Saarland |Landkreis = Merzig-Wadern |Höhe = 250-600 |Fläche = 111.17 |Einwohner = 17006 |Stand = 2006-03-31 |PLZ = 66680–66687 |Vorwahl = 06871, 06874 (Büschfeld + Nunkirchen) |Kfz = MZG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 10 0 42 116 |Gliederung = 14 |Adresse = Marktplatz 13<br />66687 Wadern |Website = [http://www.wadern.de/ www.wadern.de] |Bürgermeister = Fredi Dewald |Partei = SPD }} '''Wadern''' is a municipality in the [[Germany|German]] federal state [[Saarland]]. It is pairt o the destrict [[Merzig-Wadern]]. Wadern consists o 14 destricts wi approximately 17,000 inhabitants. In terms o aurie, Wadern is the third lairgest municipality in Saarland efter [[Saarbrücken]] an [[St. Wendel]]. ==Geografie== Wadern is locatit at the fuit o the [[Schwarzwälder Hochwald]] ==Destricts== [[Bardenbach]], [[Büschfeld]], [[Dagstuhl]], [[Gehweiler]], [[Krettnich]], [[Lockweiler]], [[Löstertal]], [[Morscholz]], [[Noswendel]], [[Nunkirchen]], [[Steinberg]], Wadern, [[Wadrill]], [[Wedern]]. ===Veelages=== Altland, Bardenbach, Büschfeld, Buweiler, Dagstuhl, Gehweiler, Kostenbach, Krettnich, Lockweiler, Morscholz, Münchweiler, Niederlöstern, Noswendel, Nuhweiler, Nunkirchen, Oberlöstern, Rathen, Reidelbach, Steinberg, Überlosheim, Vogelsbüsch, Wadern, Wadrill, Wedern The lairgest veelage athin the municipality o Wadern is Nunkirchen, which is situatit in the vera sooth o the municipality. ==Education== Wadern is hame tae the Hochwald-Gymnasium Wadern ==See an aw== * [[Schloss Dagstuhl]], juist ootside Wadern *[http://www.wadern.de Stadt Wadern] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731084228/http://www.stadtmuseum-wadern.de/ |date=2016-07-31 }} *[http://www.wad-nun.de Stadtteil Nunkirchen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725071138/http://www.wad-nun.de/ |date=2011-07-25 }} *[http://www.marienhauskliniken.de/ Marienhauskliniken St. Elisabeth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916004429/http://www.marienhauskliniken.de/ |date=2013-09-16 }} *[http://www.hochwaldgymnasium.de/home.htm Hochwald-Gymnasium Wadern] {{Ceeties an touns in Merzig-Wadern (district)}} ==References== {{Reflist}} 1a2ab15g9021q9zefjp6e30sasiug8h 0 44624 906287 896249 2025-06-27T19:59:14Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 906287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Russian town |en_name=Boksitogorsk |ru_name=Бокситогорск |image_skyline=Boksitogorsk Lenin Square.jpg |image_caption= |coordinates = {{coord|59|28|N|33|51|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=top |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Boksitogorsk (Leningrad oblast).svg |coa_caption= |image_flag= |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=[[Leningrad Oblast]] |federal_subject_ref= |adm_data_as_of=May 2012 |adm_district_jur=[[Boksitogorsky Destrict]] |adm_district_jur_ref=<ref name="LeningradO_adm" /> |adm_selsoviet_jur=Boksitogorskoye Settlement Municipal Formation |adm_selsoviet_type=Dounset municipal formation |adm_selsoviet_jur_ref=<ref name="LeningradO_adm" /> |adm_ctr_of1=[[Boksitogorsky Destrict]] |adm_ctr_of1_ref=<ref name="LeningradO_adm" /> |adm_ctr_of2=Boksitogorskoye Settlement Municipal Formation |adm_ctr_of2_ref=<ref name="LeningradO_adm" /> |inhabloc_cat=Town |inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="LeningradO_adm" /> |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_data_as_of=November 2011 |mun_district_jur=Boksitogorsky Municipal Destrict |mun_district_jur_ref=<ref name="LeningradOBoksitogorskyD_mun" /> |urban_settlement_jur=Boksitogorskoye Urban Dounset |urban_settlement_jur_ref=<ref name="LeningradOBoksitogorskyD_mun" /> |mun_admctr_of1=Boksitogorsky Municipal Destrict |mun_admctr_of1_ref=<ref name="LeningradOBoksitogorskyD_mun" /> |mun_admctr_of2=Boksitogorskoye Urban Dounset |mun_admctr_of2_ref=<ref name="LeningradOBoksitogorskyD_mun" /> |leader_title= |leader_title_ref= |leader_name= |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=16585 |pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=1929 |established_title= |established_date_ref=<ref name="gr">{{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|page=50}}</ref> |current_cat_date= |current_cat_date_ref= |prev_name1= |prev_name1_date= |prev_name1_ref= |postal_codes=187650—187651 |postal_codes_ref=<ref name="PostCode">{{cite web|url=http://info.russianpost.ru/database/ops.html|title=List of postal codes|publisher=[[Russian Post]]|language=Russian|accessdate=August 3, 2011|archive-date=2006-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061212001823/http://info.russianpost.ru/database/ops.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |dialing_codes=81366 |dialing_codes_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ruspostindex.ru/rf47/telefonnye-kody-leningradskaya-oblast.html|title=Телефонные коды Ленинградской области|publisher=Телефонные коды России|language=Russian|accessdate=26 October 2012|archive-date=2020-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408130121/http://ruspostindex.ru/rf47/telefonnye-kody-leningradskaya-oblast.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |website=http://www.boksitogorsk.org/ |website_ref= |commonscat=Boksitogorsk |date=May 2010 }} '''Boksitogorsk''' ({{lang-ru|Бокситого́рск}}) is a [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|toun]] an the [[admeenistrative centre]] o [[Boksitogorsky Destrict]] o [[Leningrad Oblast]], [[Roushie]], locatit on the banks o the [[Pyardomlya River]] in the [[drainage basin|basin]] o the [[Syas River]], {{convert|245|km|sp=us}} east o [[Saunt Petersburg|St.&nbsp;Petersburg]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=16,585|p2002=18,128|p1989=21,839}} ==History== The dounset o '''Boksity''' wis established in 1929 tae hoose the wirkers o the local bauxite mine. It wis a pairt o [[Tikhvinsky Destrict]] o Leningrad Oblast. The mine stairtit operatin in 1934. In 1935, the dounset wis grantit [[urban-teep dounset]] status an renamit Boksitogorsk. In 1940, the population neared 10,000 an a schuil, kindergarten, nursery, ambulatory an drugstore, several canteens, an shops wur biggit. In 1950, Boksitogorsk wis grantit toun status an on 25 Julie 1952 it became the admeenistrative centre o Boksitigorsky Destrict.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boksitogorsk.org/o_poselenii.htm|title=О поселении|publisher=Администрация Бокситогорского городского поселения|language=Russian|accessdate=26 October 2012|archive-date=2013-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907212107/http://www.boksitogorsk.org/o_poselenii.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Admeenistrative an municipal status== Boksitogorsk serves as the [[admeenistrative centre]] o [[Boksitogorsky Destrict]].<ref name="LeningradO_adm">Oblast Law #32-oz</ref> [[Subdiveesions o Roushie#Municipal diveesions|Municipally]], Boksitogorsk, thegither wi ten veelages, is incorporatit athin Boksitogorsky Municipal Destrict as '''Boksitogorskoye Urban Dounset'''.<ref name="LeningradOBoksitogorskyD_mun">Law #78-oz</ref> ==Demografics== The toun population reached its peak in 1979, at 23.2 thoosan fowk. Lik hintle o Roushie, housomeivver, the population o Boksitogorsk haes gradually decreased syne the 1980s. The ethnic composition o the toun's population is primarily Roushies. ==Economy== ===Industrie=== Several manufacturin enterprises are locatit in Boksitogorsk, includin the aluminum metallurgy plant, which is ane o the dochter companies o [[Rusal]], producers o reinforcit concrete, alcohol, fuid, an milk. Companies extractin peat an an producin plastic ware operate oot o Boksitogorsk an aw.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boksitogorsk.ru/general-info/obschee.htm|title=Общая информация о Бокситогорском муниципальном районе|publisher=Администрация Бокситогорского муниципального района|language=Russian|accessdate=26 October 2012|archive-date=2014-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223093916/http://www.boksitogorsk.ru/general-info/obschee.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Transportation=== Autoroute H-3 Dymi–Boksitogorsk–Bochevo runs across the toun. Autoroute A-114 Issad–Pikalyovo–Vologda runs {{convert|11|km|sp=us}} tae the north o Boksitogorsk. A local railwey line connects the station o [[Bolshoy Dvor]] Saunt Petersburg–Vologda rail line wi Boksitogorsk. Housomeivver, currently thare is nae passenger service . Public transport includes several toun, suburb an inter-toun bus routes operatit bi local transport companies. ==Internaitional relations== {{See an aw|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Roushie}} ===Twin touns an sister ceeties=== Boksitogorsk is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: *{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Kiukainen]] (consolidatit in 2009 wi [[Eura]]), [[Finland]] (current status unkent) *{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Harjavalta]], Finland *{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Nakkila]], Finland ==Cultur an recreation== Boksitogorsk contains ane cultural heritage monument classifeed as cultural an historical heritage o local significance. This is the biggin o the Moscow cinema.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kulturnoe-nasledie.ru/|title=Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации|publisher=Russian Ministry of Culture|language=Russian|accessdate=October 26, 2012}}</ref> ==References== ===Notes=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|len|adm|list}} *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|len|mun|list|boksitogorsky}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://boksitogorsk.com/ Unoffeecial wabsteid o Boksitogorsk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127134419/http://boksitogorsk.com/ |date=2013-01-27 }} {{ru icon}} {{Leningrad Oblast}} [[Category:Ceeties an touns in Leningrad Oblast]] [[Category:Ceeties an touns biggit in the Soviet Union]] pgxwc1ncxw2g2ln42l8jem6ty158s83 0 66460 906280 901728 2025-06-27T14:01:42Z Makenzis 43742 906280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Atlético de Madrid | image = | fullname = Club Atlético de Madrid, S.A.D. | nickname = {{unbulleted list | ''Los Colchoneros'' (The Mattress Makers) | ''Los Rojiblancos'' (The Red an Whites) | ''Los Indios'' (The Indies) | ''El Atleti'' (The Atleti– no tae be ramfeeselt wi the mair leeteral [[Athletic Bilbao|Athletic]]) }} | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1903|4|26}} | ground = [[Wanda Metropolitano Stadium|Estadio Metropolitano]],<br />[[Madrid]] | capacity = 69,860 | owner = Miguel Ángel Gil Marín (52%)<br>[[Enrique Cerezo]] (20%)<br>[[Wang Jianlin]] ([[Wanda Group]]) (20%)<ref>{{cite web|url= http://en.clubatleticodemadrid.com/noticias/wanda-group-is-now-the-owner-of-20-of-the-club-s-shareholding|title= Wanda Group is now the owner of 20% of the Club's shareholding|date= March 31, 2015|accessdate= November 7, 2015|work= clubatleticodemadrid.com|publisher= [[Atlético de Madrid]]|archive-date= 2016-01-02|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160102160007/http://en.clubatleticodemadrid.com/noticias/wanda-group-is-now-the-owner-of-20-of-the-club-s-shareholding|url-status= dead}}</ref> | chrtitle = Preses | chairman = [[Enrique Cerezo]] | manager = [[Diego Simeone]] | league = {{Spanish football updater|Atlético Madrid}} | season = 2024–25 | position = 3rd | website = https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/ | pattern_la1 = _atlmadrid2425h | pattern_b1 = _atlmadrid2425h | pattern_ra1 = _atlmadrid2425h | pattern_sh1 = _atlmadrid2425h | pattern_so1 = | leftarm1 = FF0000 | body1 = FF0000 | rightarm1 = FF0000 | shorts1 = 0000E8 | socks1 = FF0000 | pattern_la2 = _atlmadrid2425a | pattern_b2 = _atlmadrid2425a | pattern_ra2 = _atlmadrid2425a | pattern_sh2 = _atlmadrid2425a | pattern_so2 = | leftarm2 = C1D3E1 | body2 = C1D3E1 | rightarm2 = C1D3E1 | shorts2 = C1D3E1 | socks2 = C1D3E1 | pattern_la3 = _atletico2425t | pattern_b3 = _atletico2425t | pattern_ra3 = _atletico2425t | pattern_sh3 = _atletico2425t | leftarm3 = 0D1C45 | body3 = 0D1C45 | rightarm3 = 0D1C45 | shorts3 = 0D1C45 | socks3 = 0D1C45 }} '''Club Atlético de Madrid, [[Sociedad Anónima Deportiva|SAD]]''' ({{IPA-esdia|ˈkluβ aðˈletiko ðe maˈðɾið|Spainish pronunciation:}}}}; {{lang-sco|Madrid Athletic Club}}), commonly kent as '''Atlético de Madrid''', or '''Atlético''', is a Spaingie [[fitbaw]] club based in [[Madrid]] who play in [[La Liga]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/tienda/es/home.asp | title = :: Tienda Club Atlético de Madrid:: | publisher = Atlético Madrid | accessdate = 20 November 2010 | language = Spanish | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101213165704/http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/tienda/es/home.asp | archivedate = 2010-12-13 | deadurl = no | url-status = dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213165704/http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/tienda/es/home.asp |date=2010-12-13 }}</ref> Atlético hae wan La Liga on [[fitbaw records in Spain|ten]] occasions, includin a double in 1996; the [[Copa del Rey]] on ten occasions; 2 [[Supercopa de España]] an 3 [[Copa Eva Duarte]]; in Europe, they wan the [[1961–62 European Cup Winners' Cup|European Cup Winners' Cup]] in 1962, wur [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] runners-up in [[1974 European Cup Feenal|1974]] an [[2014 UEFA Champions League Feenal]],<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/season=1973/index.html | title = 1973/74: Müller ends Bayern wait | publisher = [[UEFA]] | accessdate = 7 November 2010 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101011155417/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/season=1973/index.html | archivedate = 2010-10-11 | deadurl = no | url-status = live }}</ref> wan the [[UEFA Europa League|Europa League]] in 2010 an in 2012, an wan the [[UEFA Super Cup]] in 2010 an 2012. ==Honours== ===Regional=== *'''[[Campeonato Regional Centro]]''' ** '''Winners (4):''' 1920–21, 1924–25, 1927–28, 1939–40 *'''[[Copa Federación Centro]]''' ** '''Winners (1):''' 1941 ===Domestic competeetions=== *'''[[La Liga]]''' ** '''Winners (10):''' [[:en:1939–40 La Liga|1939–40]], [[:en:1940–41 La Liga|1940–41]], [[:en:1949–50 La Liga|1949–50]], [[:en:1950–51 La Liga|1950–51]], [[:en:1965–66 La Liga|1965–66]], [[:en:1969–70 La Liga|1969–70]], [[:en:1972–73 La Liga|1972–73]], [[:en:1976–77 La Liga|1976–77]], [[:en:1995–96 La Liga|1995–96]], [[:en:2013–14 La Liga|2013–14]] ** Runners-up (10): [[:en:1943–44 La Liga|1943–44]], [[:en:1957–58 La Liga|1957–58]], [[:en:1960–61 La Liga|1960–61]], [[:en:1962–63 La Liga|1962–63]], [[:en:1964–65 La Liga|1964–65]], [[:en:1973–74 La Liga|1973–74]], [[:en:1984–85 La Liga|1984–85]], [[:en:1990–91 La Liga|1990–91]], [[:en:2017–18 La Liga|2017–18]], [[:en:2018–19 La Liga|2018–19]] *'''[[Copa del Rey]]''' ** '''Winners (10):''' [[:en:1959–60 Copa del Rey|1959–60]], [[:en:1960–61 Copa del Rey|1960–61]], [[:en:1964–65 Copa del Rey|1964–65]], [[:en:1971–72 Copa del Rey|1971–72]], [[:en:1975–76 Copa del Rey|1975–76]], [[:en:1984–85 Copa del Rey|1984–85]], [[:en:1990–91 Copa del Rey|1990–91]], [[:en:1991–92 Copa del Rey|1991–92]], [[:en:1995–96 Copa del Rey|1995–96]], [[:en:2012–13 Copa del Rey|2012–13]] ** Runners-up (9): [[:en:1921 Copa del Rey|1921]], [[:en:1926 Copa del Rey|1926]], [[:en:1956 Copa del Rey|1956]], [[:en:1963–64 Copa del Rey|1963–64]], [[:en:1974–75 Copa del Rey|1974–75]], [[:en:1986–87 Copa del Rey|1986–87]], [[:en:1998–99 Copa del Rey|1998–99]], [[:en:1999–2000 Copa del Rey|1999-00]], [[:en:2009–10 Copa del Rey|2009–10]] *'''[[Supercopa de España]]''' ** '''Winners (2):''' [[:en:1985 Supercopa de España|1985]], [[:en:2014 Supercopa de España|2014]] ** Runners-up (4): [[:en:1991 Supercopa de España|1991]], [[:en:1992 Supercopa de España|1992]], [[:en:1996 Supercopa de España|1996]], [[:en:2013 Supercopa de España|2013]] *'''[[:es:Copa de Campeones de España|Copa de Campeones de España]]''' <small>(Predecessor tae the [[Supercopa de España]])</small> ** '''Winners (1):''' 1940<ref>[[:es:Copa de Campeones de España]]. "The first Supercopa de España". See: [[:es:Precedentes de la Supercopa de España de fútbol]].</ref> *'''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]''' <small>(Predecessor tae the [[Supercopa de España]])</small> ** '''Winners (1):''' 1951<ref>The [[Copa Eva Duarte]] wis anerly recognisit an organisit wi that name bi the RFEF frae 1947 till 1953, an tharefore Atlético Madrid's "Copa de Campeones" win o 1940 is no includit in this coont.</ref> ** Runners-up (1): 1950 *'''[[:es:Copa Presidente FEF de 1941/47|Copa Presidente FEF]]''' ** '''Winners (1):''' 1947 *'''[[Segunda División]]''' ** '''Winners (1):''' [[:en:2001–02 Segunda División|2001–02]] ** Runners-up (2): [[:en:1932–33 Segunda División|1932–33]], [[:en:1933–34 Segunda División|1933–34]] ===European=== *'''[[UEFA Champions League]]''' ** Runners-up (2): [[:en:1973–74 European Cup|1973–74]], [[:en:2013-2014 UEFA Champions League|2013-2014]] *'''[[UEFA Europa League]]''' ** '''Winners (2):''' [[:en:2009–10 UEFA Europa League|2009–10]], [[:en:2011–12 UEFA Europa League|2011–12]] *'''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]''' ** '''Winners (1):''' [[:en:1961–62 European Cup Winners' Cup|1961–62]] ** Runners-up (2): [[:en:1962–63 European Cup Winners' Cup|1962–63]], [[:en:1985–86 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup|1985–86]] *'''[[UEFA Super Cup]]''' ** '''Winners (2):''' [[:en:2010 UEFA Super Cup|2010]], [[:en:2012 UEFA Super Cup|2012]] *'''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]''' ** Runners-up (1): [[:en:2004 UEFA Intertoto Cup|2004]] === Warld === *'''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]''' ** '''Winners (1):''' [[:en:1974 Intercontinental Cup|1974]] ===Ither=== *'''[[Amsterdam Tournament]]:''' **Runners-up (1): [[:en:2007 Amsterdam Tournament|2007]] ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *[https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/ Atlético de Madrid Offeecial Wabsteid] {{es icon}} {{en icon}} *[http://www.atleticomadrid.ru/ Atlético de Madrid Russian fan site] {{ru icon}} {{en icon}} {{La Liga teamleet}} {{UEFA Champions League winners}} {{UEFA Europa League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{Intercontinental Cup winners}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Atletico Madrid}} [[Category:Atlético Madrid| ]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Spain]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1903]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Madrid]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:1903 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Spain]] ozei9jsl1yw63vumkop9uj4zbgoiv9n 0 76803 906286 906240 2025-06-27T19:07:50Z Ziv 115323 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Hellikon-blason.png]] → [[File:Wappen Hellikon AG.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 906286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Rheinfelden Destrict | native_name = Bezirk Rheinfelden | settlement_type = Destrict | image_map = Karte Bezirk Rheinfelden 2007.png | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{CHE}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Cantons o Swisserland|Canton]] | subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Aargau}} | subdivision_type3 = Caipital | subdivision_name3 = [[Rheinfelden]] | area_total_km2 = 138.96 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-AG}} | population_total = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-AG| B1909}} | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = Municipalities | blank_info_sec1 = 20 }} [[Image:Population District Rheinfelden (CH).svg|thumb|Population]] '''Rheinfelden Destrict''' lees in the northwast o the canton o [[Aargau]] in [[Swisserland]], in the [[Fricktal]] region. Its caipital is [[Rheinfelden]]. Aroond 88% o the population live in the conurbation o [[Basel]]. Thare are 14 municipalities, wi a population o {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|B1909}} (as o {{Swiss populations date|CH-AG}}){{Swiss populations ref|CH-AG}} livin in a aurie o 112.09&nbsp;km². The population density is aroond 355 bodies per square kilometre. ==Geografie== The Rheinfelden destrict haes a aurie, {{as of|2009|lc=on}}, o {{convert|111.98|km2|sqmi}}. O this aurie, {{convert|49.26|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 44.0% is uised for agricultural purposes, while {{convert|44.45|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 39.7% is forestit. O the rest o the land, {{convert|14.96|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 13.4% is settled (biggins or roads).<ref name=zahlen/> ==Demographics== Rheinfelden destrict haes a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-AG}}|lc=on}}) o {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|B1909}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-AG}} {{as o|2009|Juin}}, 21.3% o the population are foreign naitionals.<ref name=AG_pop>[http://www.ag.ch/staag/ Statistical Department of Canton Aargau -Bereich 01 -Bevölkerung] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222045014/http://www.ag.ch/staag/ |date=2012-02-22 }} {{de icon}} accessed 20 January 2010</ref> ==Economy== {{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}} thare wur 19,081 wirkers who livit in the destrict. O these, 13,553 or aboot 71.0% o the residents wirkit ootside the Rheinfelden destrict while 8,272 fowk commutit intae the destrict for wirk. Thare wur a total o 13,800 jobs (o at least 6 oors per week) in the destrict.<ref>[http://www.ag.ch/staag/ Statistical Department of Canton Aargau-Bereich 11 Verkehr und Nachrichtenwesen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222045014/http://www.ag.ch/staag/ |date=2012-02-22 }} {{de icon}} accessed 21 January 2010</ref> ==Releegion== Frae the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 14,982 or 40.2% were [[Roman Catholic]], while 11,153 or 29.9% belangit tae the [[Swiss Reformit Kirk]]. O the rest o the population, thare wur 2 474 who belangit tae the [[Christian Catholic Kirk o Swisserland|Christian Catholic]] faith.<ref name=zahlen>[http://www.ag.ch/staag/ Statistical Department of Canton Aargau - Aargauer Zahlen 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222045014/http://www.ag.ch/staag/ |date=2012-02-22 }} {{de icon}} accessed 20 January 2010</ref> ==Eddication== O the schuil age population ({{as of|2009|alt=in the 2008/2009 school year}}), thare are 3,090 students attendin [[Education in Switzerland#Primary|primar schuil]], thare are 1,111 students attendin [[:en:Education in Switzerland#Secondary|seicontar schuil]], thare are 734 students attendin [[:en:Education in Switzerland#Tertiary|tertiar or varsity level schuilin]], an thare are 32 students who are seekin a job efter schuil in the municipality.<ref name=zahlen/> ==Municipalities== <div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;"> {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" !colspan="1" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | '''Coat o airms''' !colspan="1" align=left bgcolor="#EFEFEF" width="190" | '''Municipality''' !colspan="1" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF" width="110" | '''Population'''<br /><small><br>({{Swiss populations date|CH-AG}}){{Swiss populations ref|CH-AG}}</small> !colspan="1" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF" width="90" | '''Aurie, km²'''<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2009 data {{de icon}} accessed 25 March 2010</ref> |- | [[Image:Wappen Hellikon AG.svg|40px]] || [[Hellikon]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|4251}}|| align="center" | 7.05 |- | [[Image:Wappen Kaiseraugst AG.svg|40px]] || [[Kaiseraugst]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|4252}}|| align="center" | 4.91 |- | [[Image:Wappen Magden AG.svg|40px]] || [[Magden]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|4253}}|| align="center" | 11.01 |- | [[Image:Wappen Möhlin AG.svg|40px]] || [[Möhlin]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|4254}}|| align="center" | 18.79 |- | [[Image:Wappen Mumpf AG.svg|40px]] || [[Mumpf]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|4255}}|| align="center" | 3.1 |- | [[Image:Obermumpf-blason.png|40px]] || [[Obermumpf]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|4256}}|| align="center" | 5.03 |- | [[Image:Olsberg-blason.png|40px]] || [[Olsberg, Swisserland|Olsberg]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|4257}}|| align="center" | 4.62 |- | [[Image:CHE Rheinfelden COA.svg|40px]] || [[Rheinfelden]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|4258}}|| align="center" | 16.03 |- | [[Image:Schupfart-blason.svg|40px]] || [[Schupfart]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|4259}}|| align="center" | 7.04 |- | [[Image:CHE Stein COA.svg|40px]] || [[Stein, Aargau|Stein]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|4260}}|| align="center" | 2.81 |- | [[Image:Wappen Wallbach AG.svg|40px]] || [[Wallbach, Swisserland|Wallbach]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|4261}}|| align="center" | 4.51 |- | [[Image:Wappen Wegenstetten AG.svg|40px]] || [[Wegenstetten]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|4262}}|| align="center" | 7.13 |- | [[Image:CHE Zeiningen COA.svg|40px]] || [[Zeiningen]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|4263}}|| align="center" | 11.37 |- | [[Image:CHE Zuzgen COA.svg|40px]] || [[Zuzgen]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-AG|4264}}|| align="center" | 8.39 |- |} </div> == References == {{reflist}} {{Canton Aargau}} {{coord|47|33|N|7|47|E|source:eowiki_region:CH|display=title}} [[Category:Destricts o Aargau]] q0373mq5c1ngphq4izof8tkpptkkkfs 0 79478 906281 883215 2025-06-27T14:24:05Z Makenzis 43742 906281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Athletic Club | image = | fullname = Athletic Club | nickname = ''Los Leones'' (The Lions) | founded = {{Start date and age|1898|df=y}} | ground = [[San Mamés Stadium (2013)|San Mamés]], [[Bilbao]] | capacity = 53,332 | chrtitle = Preses | chairman = Jon Uriarte | manager = [[Ernesto Valverde]] | league = {{Spanish football updater|Athletic Bilbao}} | season = 2024–25 | position = 4th | website = http://www.athletic-club.eus/en/home.html | pattern_la1 = _athletic2324h | pattern_b1 = _athletic2324h | pattern_ra1 = _athletic2324h | pattern_sh1 = _white_stripes | pattern_so1 = _athletic2324hl | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = 000000 | socks1 = 000000 | pattern_la2 = _athletic2324a | pattern_b2 = _athletic2324a | pattern_ra2 = _athletic2324a | pattern_sh2 = _athletic2324a | pattern_so2 = _athletic2324al }} '''Athletic Club''', kent commonly as '''Athletic Bilbao''' an aw, is a profeesional [[Association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club, based in [[Bilbao]], [[Biscay]], Spain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.athletic-club.net/web/main.asp?a=2&b=1&c=1&d=0&idi=2 |title=Official name |publisher=Athletic-club.net |date= |access-date=2009-12-03}}</ref> The club haes played in [[La Liga]] syne its stairt in 1929. Thay hae wan the league on aicht occasions. In the historical clessification o La Liga, Athletic are in fowert place an ane o anerly three clubs whilk hae [[List of unrelegated association football clubs|niver been relegate]] frae the Liga, the ithers bein [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] an [[FC Barcelona]]. The club haes a [[Athletic Club (women)|weemen's team]] an aw, whilk haes wan fower championships in the [[Primera División (women)|Primera División Femenina]]. The club is kent for its [[cantera]] policy o bringin young [[Basque fowk|Basque]] players throu the ranks, as weel as recruitin tap Basque players frae ither clubs (lik [[Joseba Etxeberria]] an [[Javi Martínez]]). Athletic offeecial policy is signin profeesional players native tae or trained in fitbaw in the [[Basque Kintra (greater region)|greater Basque Kintra]], includin [[Biscay]], [[Gipuzkoa]], [[Álava]] an [[Navarre]] (in Spain); an [[Labourd]], [[Soule]] an [[Lawer Navarre]] (in Fraunce). This haes gained Athletic baith admirers an critics. The club haes been praised for promotin hame grown players an club loyalty. Athletic is ane o anerly three profeesional clubs in Spain in La Liga (the ithers bein Real Madrid an Barcelona) that is no a sports corporation; it is awned an operatit bi its club members. Athletic's main rival is [[Real Sociedad]], again wham it plays the [[Basque derby]]. Anither Basque rival is [[CA Osasuna]]. == Honours == === Naitional toornaments === *'''[[La Liga]]''' :'''Winners (8):''' [[:en:1929–30 La Liga|1929–30]], [[:en:1930–31 La Liga|1930–31]], [[:en:1933–34 La Liga|1933–34]], [[:en:1935–36 La Liga|1935–36]], [[:en:1942–43 La Liga|1942–43]], [[:en:1955–56 La Liga|1955–56]], [[:en:1982–83 La Liga|1982–83]], [[:en:1983–84 La Liga|1983–84]]. :''Runners-up (7):'' [[:en:1931–32 La Liga|1931–32]], [[:en:1932–33 La Liga|1932–33]], [[:en:1940–41 La Liga|1940–41]], [[:en:1946–47 La Liga|1946–47]], [[:en:1951–52 La Liga|1951–52]], [[:en:1969–70 La Liga|1969–70]], [[:en:1997–98 La Liga|1997–98]]. *''' [[Copa del Rey]]''' :'''Winners (23<ref name=1902cup>Note:''Bodies differ on the number o Copa wins ''Athletic Club'' hae been creditit wi. The 1902 competition wis won by ''Bizcaya'', a team made up o players frae ''Athletic Club'' and ''Bilbao FC''. In 1903 thir two clubs merged as ''Athletic Club''. The 1902 cup is on display in the Athletic museum [http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spancup1902.html] an the club includes it in its ain honours list. [http://www.athletic-club.net/acc/home.asp?a=7&b=2&idi=2]. Housomever LFP and [[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]] official statistics dinna include this as an Athletic win.''</ref>):''' [[:en:1903 Copa del Rey|1903]], [[:en:1904 Copa del Rey|1904]], [[:en:1910 Copa del Rey|1910]], [[:en:1911 Copa del Rey|1911]], [[:en:1914 Copa del Rey|1914]], [[:en:1915 Copa del Rey|1915]], [[:en:1916 Copa del Rey|1916]], [[:en:1921 Copa del Rey|1921]], [[:en:1923 Copa del Rey|1923]], [[:en:1930 Copa del Rey|1930]], [[:en:1931 Copa del Rey|1931]], [[:en:1932 Copa del Rey|1932]], [[:en:1933 Copa del Presidente de la República|1933]], [[:en:1943 Copa del Generalísimo|1943]], [[:en:1944 Copa del Generalísimo|1944]], [[:en:1944–45 Copa del Generalísimo|1944–45]], [[:en:1949–50 Copa del Generalísimo|1949–50]], [[:en:1955 Copa del Generalísimo|1955]], [[:en:1956 Copa del Generalísimo|1956]], [[:en:1958 Copa del Generalísimo|1958]], [[:en:1969 Copa del Generalísimo|1969]], [[:en:1972–73 Copa del Generalísimo|1972–73]], [[:en:1983–84 Copa del Rey|1983–84]]. :''Runners-up (13):'' [[:en:1905 Copa del Rey|1905]], [[:en:1906 Copa del Rey|1906]], [[:en:1913 Copa del Rey|1913]], [[:en:1920 Copa del Rey|1920]], [[:en:1942 Copa del Generalísimo|1942]], [[:en:1948–49 Copa del Generalísimo|1948–49]], [[:en:1952–53 Copa del Generalísimo|1952–53]], [[:en:1965–66 Copa del Generalísimo|1965–66]], [[:en:1966–67 Copa del Generalísimo|1966–67]], [[:en:1976–77 Copa del Rey|1976–77]], [[:en:1984–85 Copa del Rey|1984–85]], [[:en:2008–09 Copa del Rey|2008–09]], [[:en:2011–12 Copa del Rey|2011–12]]. *'''[[Supercopa de España]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' 1984*. :<small>(* ''Wan [[Copa del Rey]] an [[La Liga]]'')</small> :''Runners-up (2):'' [[:en:1983 Supercopa de España|1983]], [[:en:2009 Supercopa de España|2009]]. *'''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]'''<ref>Note:"Eva Duarte Cup" competition wis the predecessor o the current "Spainyie Supercup", acause they face the league champion again the champion o the "Copa del Rey".</ref> :'''Winners (1):''' 1950.<ref>The [[Copa Eva Duarte]] wis anerly recognisit an organisit wi that name bi the RFEF frae 1947 till 1953, an tharefore Athletic Bilbao's runners-up medal in the "Copa de Oro Argentina" o 1945 is no includit in this coont.</ref> :''Runners-up (1):'' 1945 === Internaitional toornaments === *'''[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League]]''' :''Runners-up (2):'' [[:en:1976–77 UEFA Cup|1976–77]], [[:en:2011–12 UEFA Europa League|2011–12]]. *'''[[Pequeña Copa del Mundo de Clubes|Small Warld Club Cup]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' 1967. *'''[[Copa Latina]]''' :''Runners-up (1)'': 1956. *'''[[Iberian Cup|Copa Ibérica]]''' :''Runners-up (1)'': 1983. ==== Regional toornaments ==== '''[[Basque kintra (greater region)|Basque]] Cup''' :* '''Winners (1):''' 1935. '''Northren Championship / [[Biscay Championship]]''' :* '''Winners (17):''' 1914, 1915, 1916, 1920, 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1928, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1939, 1940. == References == {{reflist|2}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commons category|Athletic Club de Bilbao}} *{{eu icon}} {{es icon}} {{En icon}} [http://www.athletic-club.net/ Athletic Club Offeecial Wabsteid] {{Navboxes |title = Athletic Bilbao relatit airticles |list = {{Athletic Bilbao managers}} {{Primera División de España}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Athletic Bilbao}} [[Category:Athletic Bilbao| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1898]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in the Basque Kintra]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:1898 establishments]] [[Category:Unrelegatit association fitbaw clubs]] feq8dm2whpp3uggmdisb9nsoecfo5l8 0 82030 906309 850172 2025-06-28T04:16:50Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 906309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Harmah |native_name = حَرْمَة |native_name_lang = Arabic |settlement_type = |image_skyline = |image_alt = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_alt = |image_seal = |seal_alt = |image_shield = |image_map = |map_alt = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Saudi Arabia |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_alt = |pushpin_map_caption = |coordinates = {{coord|25|55|N|45|20|E|display=inline,title}} |coor_pinpoint = |coordinates_footnotes = |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Saudi Arabie}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces o Saudi Arabie|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Riyadh Province]] |established_title = |established_date = |founder = |seat_type = |seat = |government_footnotes = |leader_party = | leader_title = Chairman | leader_name = Saud Bin Abdulaziz Almadi |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_note = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |population_footnotes = |population_total = 13000 |population_as_of = 2013 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_demonym = |population_note = |timezone = [[East Africae Time|EAT]] |utc_offset = +3 |timezone_DST = [[East Africae Time|EAT]] |utc_offset_DST = +3 |postal_code_type = |postal_code = 11952 |area_code_type = 016 |area_code = |iso_code = }} '''Harmah''' ({{lang-ar| حَرْمَة}}) is a ceety in [[Riyadh Province]], [[Saudi Arabie]]. It is locatit {{convert|211|km}} bi road northwast o [[Riyadh]], next tae the ceety oi [[Al Majma'ah]].<ref name="GM">{{cite map|title= Maps|publisher=[[Google Maps]]}}</ref> At the 2011 census it haed a population o 9011 fowk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-185|title=Saudi Arabia: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population|publisher=World Gazetteer|accessdate=27 August 2012|archive-date=2011-12-08|archive-url=http://web.archive.bibalex.org/web/20111208193159/http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-185|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Ceety destricts== * ArRafia'ah ({{lang-ar| الرفيعة}}) * ArRawdah ({{lang-ar| الروضة}}) * AlBusairah ({{lang-ar| البصيرة}}) ==Climate== Being in the middle of the Arabian desert, Harmah experiences extremely hot summers and relatively cool winters. Humidity is low though throughout the year. The minimum temperature in the summer ranges atween 35-42 degrees Celsius. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== [http://harmah.com Harmah Offeecial Wabsteid] [http://harmah.org Harmah Offeecial Forum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922062253/https://harmah.org/ |date=2021-09-22 }} [http://twitter.com/harmah Twitter Offeecial Accoont] {{Riyadh Province}} [[Category:Populatit places in Riyadh Province]] 605swtul7kuqkmmf0xnmqh2ufq5v1o7 0 88196 906283 507518 2025-06-27T14:50:33Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 906283 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Colombia - Antioquia - Occidente.svg|thumb|right|300px|Location o the '''Wastren Antioquia''' region athin [[Antioquia]].]] '''Wastren Antioquia''' is a subregion in the [[Colombie]] [[Depairtments o Colombie|Depairtment]] o [[Antioquia]]. The region is made up bi 18 [[Municipalities o Colombie|municipalities]]. ==Municipalities== * [[Abriaquí]] * [[Santa Fe de Antioquia|Antioquia]] * [[Anza, Antioquia|Anza]] * [[Armenia, Antioquia|Armenia]] * [[Buritica]] * [[Cañasgordas]] * [[Dabeiba]] * [[Ebejico]] * [[Frontino, Antioquia|Frontino]] * [[Giraldo, Antioquia|Giraldo]] * [[Heliconia, Antioquia|Heliconia]] * [[Liborina]] * [[Olaya, Antioquia|Olaya]] * [[Peque, Antioquia|Peque]] * [[Sabanalarga, Antioquia|Sabanalarga]] * [[San Jerónimo, Antioquia|San Jerónimo]] * [[Sopetrán]] * [[Uramita]] ==References== *{{es icon}} [http://www.seduca.gov.co/portal/herramientas/antioquia/oriente.htm Se educa - Government of Colombia; Regions o Antioquia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930004502/http://www.seduca.gov.co/portal/herramientas/antioquia/oriente.htm |date=2007-09-30 }} {{Antioquia}} {{coord missing|Colombie}} [[Category:Regions o Antioquia]] qqf3xcxsz2qix4k8phuzlxs7zo5trxz 0 123651 906313 904941 2025-06-28T08:24:09Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 906313 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a '''leet o wather records''', a leet o the maist extreme occurrences o wather phenomena for various categories. ==Temperatur== ===Measurin condeetions=== The staundart measurin condeetions for temperatur are in the air, 1.5 meters abuin the grund, an shielded frae direct sunlicht (hence the term, x degrees "in the shade").<ref name=running2011 /> The follaein leets include aw offeecially confirmed claims measurt bi those methods. Temperaturs measured directly on the grund mey exceed air temperaturs bi 30 tae 50&nbsp;°C.<ref name=running2011>p. 855-857, [http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2011BAMS3067.1 Satellite Finds Highest Land Skin Temperatures on Earth], David J. Mildrexler, Maosheng Zhao, and Steven W. Running, ''Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society'', July 2011, pp. 855-860, {{doi|10.1175/2011BAMS3067.1}}.</ref> A grund temperature o 84&nbsp;°C (183.2&nbsp;°F) haes been recordit in Port Sudan, Sudan.<ref>Table 9.2, p. 158, ''Dryland Climatology'', Sharon E. Nicholson, Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 1139500244.</ref> A grund temperatur o 93.9&nbsp;°C (201&nbsp;°F) wis recordit in [[Furnace Creek, Californie|Furnace Creek]], [[Death Valley]], [[Californie]], [[USA]] on 15 Julie 1972; this mey be the heichest naitural grund surface temperatur ever recordit.<ref>A possible warld record maximum naitural grund surface temperatur, Paul Kubecka, ''Weather'', '''56''', #7 (July 2001), ''Weather'', pp. 218-221, {{doi|10.1002/j.1477-8696.2001.tb06577.x}}.</ref> The theoretical maximum possible grund surface temperatur haes been estimatit tae be atween 90 and 100&nbsp;°C for dry, darkish siles o law thermal conductivity.<ref>[http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1520-0450%281992%29031%3C1096%3AEMLST%3E2.0.CO%3B2 Extreme Maximum Land Surface Temperatures], J. R. Garratt, Journal of Applied Meteorology, '''31''', #9 (September 1992), pp. 1096–1105, {{doi|10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1096:EMLST>2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Satellite measurements o grund temperature taken atween 2003 an 2009, taken wi the [[MODIS]] [[infrared]] spectroradiometer on the [[Aqua (satellite)|Aqua]] satellite, foond a maximum temperatur o 70.7&nbsp;°C (159.3&nbsp;°F), which wis recorded in 2005 in the [[Lut Desert]], [[Iran]]. The Lut Desert wis an aa foond tae hae the heichest maximum temperatur in 5 o the 7 years measurt (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 an 2009.) Thir measurements reflect averages ower a lairge region an sae are lawer than the maximum pynt surface temperatur.<ref name=running2011 /> Satellite measurements o the surface temperatur o Antarctica, taken atween 1982 an 2013, foond a cauldest temperatur o −93.2&nbsp;°C (−136&nbsp;°F) on 10 August 2010, at {{Coord|81.8|S|59.3|E}}. Althou this is nae comparable tae an air temperature, it is believed that the air temperatur at this location wad hae been lawer than the offeecial record lawest air temperatur o −89.2&nbsp;°C.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-25287806 Coldest spot on Earth identified by satellite], Jonathan Amos, BBC News, 9 December 2013.</ref><ref>[http://fallmeeting.agu.org/2013/files/2013/12/ColdestPlaceOnEarth.pdf The Coldest Place on Earth: -90°C and below from Landsat 8 and other satellite thermal sensors], Ted Scambos, Allen Pope, Garrett Campbell, and Terry Haran, [[American Geophysical Union]] fall meeting, 9 December 2013.</ref> ===Heat=== ====Heichest temperaturs ever recordit bi continent==== [[File:Koppen World Map BWh.png|280px|thumb|A warld cairt shawin auries wi [[Köppen climate clessification|Köppen]] ''BWh'' (het desert climate). The temperaturs in thir regions hae the potential tae exceed 50&nbsp;&deg;C (122&nbsp;°F) during the hettest saisons.]] ==== Africae{{refn |group="notes"|Accordin tae Christopher Burt, Africae's hettest reliably measured temperatur is 50.7°C (123.3°F) at [[Semara]], [[Wastren Sahara]] on 13 Julie 1961.<ref name="reliably">{{cite web|last=Burt|first=Christopher C.|title=Hottest Reliably Measured Air Temperatures on Earth: PART TWO|url=https://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/hottest-reliably-measured-air-temperatures-on-earth-part-two.html|publisher=Weather Underground|date=19 August 2016|accessdate=2 October 2016}}</ref> This vailyie wis surpassed on 5 Julie 2018 whan {{convert|51.3|C|F}} wis recordit at [[Ouargla]], [[Algerie]] on 5 Julie 2018.<ref name=watts2018/>}} ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region ! Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- |{{flag|Algerie}} |{{convert|51.3|C|F}} |[[El Bayadh]], [[El Bayadh Province]] / [[Ouargla]], [[Ouargla Province]] |{{Dts|2 September 1979}}<ref name=AlgeriaCC>{{cite web |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/algnc2.pdf |title=Seconde Communication Nationale de L'Algerie Sur Les Changements Climatiques a la CCNUCC |publisher=Ministere de L'Amenagement du Territoire et de L'Environnement |year=2010 |language=French |page=27 |accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref>/{{Dts| 5 Julie 2018}}<ref name=watts2018>{{cite web |last1=Watts |first1=Jonathan |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731151105/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/13/heatwave-sees-record-high-temperatures-set-around-world-this-week |archivedate=31 July 2018 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/13/heatwave-sees-record-high-temperatures-set-around-world-this-week |title=Heatwave sees record high temperatures around world this week |publisher=The Guardian |date=13 July 2018 |accessdate=31 July 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Botswana}} |{{convert|44.0|C|F}} |[[Maun, Botswana|Maun]] |{{Dts|7 Januar 2016}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201601112526.html|title=Botswana: Heat Wave Breaks Maximum Temperature Records}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Burkina Faso}} |{{convert|47.2|C|F}} |[[Dori, Burkina Faso|Dori]] |{{Dts|1984}}<ref name=burkinaclimatechange>{{cite web | url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/bfa01f.pdf |title=Programme D'Action National D'Adaptation a la Variabilite et aux Changements Climatiques (Pana du Burkina Faso) |publisher=Ministere de L'Environnnement et du Cadre de Vie |language=French |page=11 |accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Chad}} |{{convert|47.6|C|F}} |[[Faya-Largeau]] |{{Dts|22 Juin 2010}}<ref name="wu">{{cite web|url=https://www.cyprus-weather.org/temperature-breaks-all-records/|title=Temperature breaks all records in Cyprus|author=|first=|date=7 August 2010|website=|publisher=Weather Underground|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Comoros}} |{{convert|36.0|C|F}} |[[Prince Said Ibrahim Internaitional Airport|Hahaya Internaitional Airport]] |{{Dts|15 November 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records>{{cite web |last1=Masters |first1=Jeff |url=https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/noaa-earth-had-its-third-warmest-year-record-2017 |title=NOAA: Earth Had Its Third Warmest Year on Record in 2017 |publisher=Wunderground |date=18 January 2018 |accessdate=29 April 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Eswatini|name=Eswatini (Swaziland)}} |{{convert|47.4|°C|°F}} |[[Lavumisa]] | ?<ref name=swazilandrecords>{{cite web|url=http://resources.bgs.ac.uk/sadcreports/swaziland1991cidagroundwaterresourcesa.pdf |title=Groundwater Resources of Swaziland |publisher=Swaziland Ministry of Natural Resources, Land Use and Energy |page=6 |date=December 1992 |accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Ghana}} |{{convert|43.8|C|F}} |[[Navrongo]] |{{Dts|26 Mairch 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |- |{{flag|Guinea}} |{{convert|45|C|F}} |[[Koundara]], [[Boké Region]] |{{Dts|29 Mairch 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |- |{{flag|Niger}} |{{convert|49.5|C|F}} |[[Diffa]] |{{Dts|7 September 1978}}<ref name=nigerCC>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506213909/https://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/application/pdf/nernc3.pdf |archivedate=6 May 2018 |url=https://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/application/pdf/nernc3.pdf |title=Troisieme Communication Nationale A La Conference Des Parties De La Conventioncadre Des Nations Unies Sur Les Changements Climatiques |publisher=Republique de Niger |page=8 |accessdate=6 May 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Nigerie}} |{{convert|46.4|C|F}} |[[Yola, Nigerie|Yola]] |{{Dts|3 Apryle 2010}}<ref name="wu"/> |- |{{flag|Réunion}} |{{convert|36.9|C|F}} |[[Le Port, Réunion|Le Port]] |{{Dts|6 Mairch 2004}}<ref name=reunionrecords>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101020215/http://www.meteofrance.re/climat/description-du-climat |archivedate=1 January 2019 | url=http://www.meteofrance.re/climat/description-du-climat |title=Climat de la Réunion |publisher=Météo-France |language=French |accessdate=31 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Sooth Africae}} |{{convert|50|C|F}} |[[Dunbrody, Eastren Cape|Dunbrody]], [[Eastren Cape]] |{{Dts|3 November 1918}}<ref name="saws">{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517132011/http://www.weathersa.co.za/learning/climate-questions/39-what-are-the-temperature-rainfall-and-wind-extremes-in-sa |archivedate=17 May 2017|url=http://www.weathersa.co.za/learning/climate-questions/39-what-are-the-temperature-rainfall-and-wind-extremes-in-sa |title=What are the temperature, rainfall and wind extremes in SA? | publisher=[[South African Weather Service]]|accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Sudan}} |{{convert|49.7|C|F}} |[[Dongola]] |{{Dts|25 Juin 2010}}<ref name="wu"/> |- |{{flag|Tunisie}} |{{convert|55|C|F}} |[[Kebili]] |{{Dts|7 Julie 1931}}<ref name=bams>{{cite journal|author1=Khalid Ibrahim El Fadli |author2=Randall S. Cerveny |author3=Christopher C. Burt |author4=Philip Eden |author5=David Parker |author6=Manola Brunet |author7=Thomas C. Peterson |author8=Gianpaolo Mordacchini |author9=Vinicio Pelino |author10=Pierre Bessemoulin |author11=José Luis Stella |author12=Fatima Driouech |author13=M.M Abdel wahab |author14=Matthew B. Pace |title=World Meteorological Organization Assessment of the Purported World Record 58°C Temperature Extreme at El Azizia, Libya (13 September 1922)|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|year=2012|doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00093.1|volume=94|issue=2 |pages=199–204|bibcode=2013BAMS...94..199E}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Wastren Sahara}} |{{convert|50.7|C|F}} |[[Semara]] |{{Dts|13 Julie 1961}}<ref name=reliably/> |- |{{flag|Zambie}} |{{convert|42.4|C|F}} |[[Mfuwe]], [[Eastren Province, Zambie|Eastren Province]] |{{Dts|13 October 2010}}<ref name="wu"/> |} ==== Antarcticae ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperature !Toun/Location !Date |- | {{flag|Antarcticae}} (aw laund/ice sooth o 60°S) | {{convert|19.8|C|F}} | [[Signy Resairch Station]], [[Sooth Orkney Islands]] |{{Dts|30 Januar 1982}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/antarctica-highest-temperature |title=WMO Region VII (Antarctica): Highest Temperature |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=1 March 2017}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Antarcticae}} (mainland an adjynin islands) |{{convert|17.5|C|F}} |[[Esperanza Base]], [[Trinity Peninsula]] |{{Dts|24 Mairch 2015}}<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/mar/31/potential-record-high-temperature-in-antarctica-alarms-scientists | title = Antarctica records unprecedented high temperatures in two new readings | last = Mccarthy | first = Tom | work = The Guardian | date = 31 March 2015 | accessdate = 8 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/antarctica-highest-temperature-continent |title=WMO Region VII (Antarctica mainland & adjoining islands): Highest Temperature |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=1 March 2017}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Antarcticae}} ([[Antarctic Plateau]] > {{convert|2,500|m|ft|0}}) |{{convert|-7.0|C|F}} | Automatit Wather Station D-80 (coordinates: 70°6'S, 134°53'W, elevation: {{convert|2,500|m|ft|0}}) |{{Dts|28 December 1989}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/antarctica-highest-temperature-plateau |title=WMO Region VII (Antarctica plateau>2500m): Highest Temperature |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=29 April 2018}}</ref> |- |[[Sooth Pole]] |{{convert|-12.3|C|F}} |[[Amundsen–Scott Sooth Pole Station]] |{{Dts|25 December 2011}}<ref name="Antarctic Sun">{{cite web|url=http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/features/contenthandler.cfm?id=2563 |title=Heat wave: South Pole hits record high temperature on Christmas Day |publisher=United States Antarctic Program |date=29 December 2011 |accessdate=1 February 2012}}</ref> |} ==== Asie ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region ! Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- |{{flag|Afghanistan}} |{{convert|49.9|C|F}} |[[Farah, Afghanistan|Farah]] |{{Dts|August 2009}}<ref name="afghan record">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVGaAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA48|title=Afghanistan Constitution and Citizenship Law Handboook – Strategic Information and Basic Laws|last=inc|first=Ibp|date=2013|publisher=Int'l Business Publications|isbn=978-1-4387-7835-8|page=48}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Armenie}} |{{convert|43.7|C|F}} |[[Meghri]] |{{Dts|1 August 2011}}<ref name=ArmeniaCC>{{cite web |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/armnc3.pdf |title=Republic of Armenia Third National Communication on Climate Change |publisher=Ministry of Nature Protection |year=2015 |page=3 |accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=Armeniarecordhigh>{{cite web |url=http://hetq.am/eng/news/3377/hottest-day-on-record---437-celsius.html |title=Hottest Day on Record – 43.7 Celsius |publisher=Hetq Online |date=3 August 2011 |accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |{{convert|46.0|C|F}} |[[Julfa, Azerbaijan (ceety)|Julfa]] an [[Ordubad]] |?<ref name=azhydromet>{{cite web |last1=Mahmudov |first1=Rza |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070524005453/http://www.azhydromet.com/SRIH/Water%20Resurs.html |archivedate=24 May 2007 |url=http://www.azhydromet.com/SRIH/Water%20Resurs.html |title=Water Resources of the Azerbaijan Republic |publisher=Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan Republic |accessdate=27 November 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Bangladesh}} |{{convert|45.1|C|F}} |[[Rajshahi]] |{{Dts|30 Mey 1972}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://asiantribune.com/node/17080 |title=Bangladesh records highest temperature 42.2 degree Celsius in last 14 years |work=Asian Tribune |date=27 April 2009 |accessdate=7 November 2016 |archive-date=2015-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618065730/http://asiantribune.com/node/17080 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Bhutan}} |{{convert|40|C|F}} |[[Phuentsholing]] |{{Dts|27 August 1997}}<ref>{{cite news|author1=Passang Norbu|title=The heat has got into the Himalayas|url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/the-heat-has-got-to-the-himalayas/#.VPR-x9KUdA0|accessdate=2 March 2015|work=Kuensel|date=14 June 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095043/http://www.kuenselonline.com/the-heat-has-got-to-the-himalayas/#.VPR-x9KUdA0|archivedate=2 April 2015}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Cambodie}} |{{convert|42.6|C|F}} |[[Preah Vihear Province|Preah Vihear]] |{{Dts|15 Apryle 2016}}<ref name="meteofranceasia">{{cite web |url=http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/35905150-asie-vague-de-chaleur-exceptionnelle |title=Exceptional Heat Wave 2016 |work=[[Meteo France]] |accessdate=29 April 2016 |archive-date=2016-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428202234/http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/35905150-asie-vague-de-chaleur-exceptionnelle |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Cheenae}} |{{convert|50.5|C|F}} |[[Erbao Tounship]], [[Turpan]], [[Xinjiang]] |{{Dts|10 Julie 2017}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1572543886818701&wfr=spider&for=pc|title=50.5℃！全国最高气温问世 未来或将再创新纪录|work=baijiahao.baidu.com}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Hong Kong}} |{{convert|39.0|C|F}} |[[Hong Kong Wetland Park|Wetland Park]] |{{Dts|22 August 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |- |{{flag|Macau}} |{{convert|39.0|C|F}} |[[Coloane]] |{{Dts|22 August 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |- |{{flag|Indie}} |{{convert|51.0|C|F}} |[[Phalodi]], [[Rajasthan]] |{{Dts|19 May 2016}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skymetweather.com/content/weather-news-and-analysis/indian-summer-makes-history-phalodi-in-rajasthan-boils-at-51c/|title=Indian summer makes history, Phalodi in Rajasthan boils at 51°C|work=Skymet Weather}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Indonesie}} |{{convert|39.5|C|F}} |[[Jatiwangi]], [[Majalengka Regency]], [[Wast Java]] /<br>[[Semarang]], [[Central Java]] |{{Dts|December 2006}} /<br>27 October 2015<ref name=wu20151027>{{cite web|url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=3169|title=Indonesia ties all-time national heat record|accessdate=31 October 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109200547/https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=3169|archivedate=9 November 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Iran}} |{{convert|54|C|F}} |[[Ahvaz]] Airport (OIAW) |{{Dts|29 Juin 2017}}.<ref name=reliably/><ref name="Samenow2016">{{cite web |last1=Samenow |first1=Jason |title=Two Middle East locations hit 129 degrees, hottest ever in Eastern Hemisphere, maybe the world|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/07/22/two-middle-east-locations-hit-129-degrees-hottest-ever-in-eastern-hemisphere-maybe-the-world/|publisher=The Washington Post|date=22 July 2016|accessdate=23 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/Weather/iran-ahvaz-hottest-temperature-ever-recorded-world-record-extreme-death-valley-california-a7815771.html |title=Temperatures in Iranian city of Ahvaz hit 129.2F (54C), near hottest on Earth in modern measurements |publisher=independent.com |date=30 June 2017 |accessdate=30 June 2017}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Iraq}} |{{convert|53.8|C|F}} |[[Basra]] |{{Dts|22 Julie 2016}}<ref name=Samenow2016/><ref name=Tapper2016>{{cite web |last1=Tapper |first1=James |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/jul/23/think-youre-hot-spare-a-thought-for-kuwait-as-mercury-hits-record-54c |title=Think you're hot? Spare a thought for Kuwait, as mercury hits record 54C |publisher=The Guardian |date=23 July 2016 |accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Israel}} |{{convert|54|C|F}} |[[Tirat Zvi]] |{{Dts|21 Juin 1942}}<ref name="ims">{{cite web|url=http://ims.gov.il/IMSEng/CLIMATE/TopClimetIsrael/ |title=Climate Extremes in Israel |publisher=Israel Meteorological Service |date=21 June 1942 |accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref>{{refn |group="notes"|The temperature has been reported as {{convert|54|C|F}}, however weather historian Christopher Burt argues that the thermograph trace was misread.<ref name="htoe">{{cite web|last=Burt|first=Christopher C.|title=Hottest air temperatures reported on Earth|url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=3|website=Weather Underground|date=October 22, 2010|accessdate=7 January 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103200557/http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=3|archivedate=3 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}} |- |{{flag|Japan}} |{{convert|41.1|C|F}} |[[Kumagaya, Saitama|Kumagaya]], [[Saitama Prefectur|Saitama]] |{{Dts|23 Julie 2018}}<ref name="JMA">{{cite web |url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rankall.php?prec_no=&block_no=&year=&month=&day=&view=|title=former National Rankings|accessdate=13 August 2013 |publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]]}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Jordan}} |{{convert|50|C|F}} |Jordan University Agriculture Research Center |{{Dts|6 September 2002}}<ref name=Jordanrecords>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127213759/http://jometeo.gov.jo/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9 |archivedate=27 November 2016 |url=http://jometeo.gov.jo/معلومات-مناخية-وزراعية/القيم-المتطرفة |script-title=ar:القيم المتطرفة |publisher=Jordanian Meteorological Department |language=Arabic |accessdate=27 November 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Kuwait}} |{{convert|53.9|C|F}} |[[Mitribah]] |{{Dts|21 Julie 2016}}<ref name=WMOJune2019>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618130839/https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/wmo-verifies-3rd-and-4th-hottest-temperature-recorded-earth |archivedate=18 June 2019 |url=https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/wmo-verifies-3rd-and-4th-hottest-temperature-recorded-earth |title=WMO verifies 3rd and 4th hottest temperature recorded on Earth |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=18 June 2019}}</ref>{{refn |group="notes"|According to the World Meteorological Organization, the reported temperature is the highest recorded in Asia.<ref name=WMOJune2019/>}} |- |{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |{{convert|44.0|C|F}} |? |?<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://mineconom.gov.kg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2055:country-profile&lang=kg |title=Country profile |website=mineconom.gov.kg |publisher=Ministry of Economy of the Kyrgyz Republic |accessdate=13 January 2017 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220074546/http://mineconom.gov.kg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2055:country-profile&lang=kg |archivedate=20 December 2016 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Laos}} |{{convert|42.3|C|F}} |[[Seno, Laos|Seno]] |{{Dts|12 Apryle 2016}}<ref name=meteofranceasia/> |- |{{flag|Malaysie}} |{{convert|40.1|C|F}} |[[Chuping]] |{{Dts|9 Apryle 1998}}<ref name="climate stats 01">{{cite news| title=General Climate Information| url=http://www.met.gov.my/web/metmalaysia/education/climate/generalclimateinformation| publisher=Malaysia Meteorological Department| accessdate=30 June 2010| archive-date=2015-11-16| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116010753/http://www.met.gov.my/web/metmalaysia/education/climate/generalclimateinformation| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Maldives}} |{{convert|34.9|C|F}} |[[Hanimaadhoo (Haa Dhaalu Atoll)|Hanimaadhoo]] |{{Dts|16 Apryle 2016}}<ref name="meteofranceasia"/> |- |{{flag|Mongolia}} |{{convert|44.0|C|F}} |[[Khongor, Darkhan-Uul|Khongor]], [[Darkhan-Uul Province]] |{{Dts|24 Julie 1999}}<ref name=MARCC>{{cite web |url=http://www.unep.org/pdf/MARCC2009_BOOK.pdf |title=Mongolia: Assessment Report on Climate Change 2009 |publisher=Ministry of Environment, Nature and Tourism, Mongolia |pages=36–37 |date=September 2009 |accessdate=23 October 2016 |archive-date=2015-12-09 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20151209053717/http://www.unep.org/pdf/MARCC2009_BOOK.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Myanmar}} |{{convert|47.2|C|F}} |[[Myinmu]] |{{Dts|14 Mey 2010}}<ref name=Myint2016>{{cite web |last1=Myint |first1=Yee |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/yangon/20063-heat-takes-its-toll.html |title=Heat takes its toll |publisher=Myanmar Times |date=2 May 2016 |accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=Soe2016>{{cite web |last1=Soe |first1=Kyaw |url=http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/mandalay-upper-myanmar/19170-warnings-of-strong-el-nino-through-june.html |title=Warnings of strong El Niño through June |publisher=Myanmar Times |date=25 February 2016 |accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Nepal}} |{{convert|46.0|°C|°F}} |[[Chisapani, Bardiya|Chisapani]] | ?<ref name=faoNepal>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Counprof/Nepal/Nepal.htm |title=Nepal |work=Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization |accessdate=24 October 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024140133/http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/doc/Counprof/Nepal/nepal.htm |archivedate=24 October 2016 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Oman}} |{{convert|50.8|C|F}} |[[Buraimi]],<br>[[Sohar]], <br>[[Qurayyat, Oman|Qurayyat]] |{{Dts|Julie 1990}}, <br>{{Dts|Mey 2009}}, <br>{{Dts|30 Mey 2017}}<ref name=jfwu17>Jeff Masters, [https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/historic-heat-wave-sweeps-asia-middle-east-and-europe Historic Heat Wave Sweeps Asia, the Middle East and Europe], 6 June 2017</ref> |- |{{flag|Pakistan}} |{{convert|53.7|C|F}} |[[Turbat]] |{{Dts|28 Mey 2017}}<ref name=WMOJune2019/> |- |{{flag|Philippines}} |{{convert|42.2|C|F}} |[[Tuguegarao]], [[Cagayan Valley]] |{{Dts|12 Apryle 1912}}, 11 Mey 1969<ref name=PhilippinesCC>{{cite web |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/phlnc2.pdf |title=Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |publisher=Government of the Philippines |date=29 December 2014 |page=6 |accessdate=24 October 2016 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Qatar}} |{{convert|50.4|C|F}} |[[Doha]] |{{Dts|14 Julie 2010}}<ref name="wu"/> |- |{{flag|Roushie}} (Siberie) |{{convert|42.3|C|F}} |[[Belogorsk, Amur Oblast|Belogorsk]], [[Amur Oblast]] |{{Dts|12 Julie 2010}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=1546 |title=Wunder Blog |publisher=Weather Underground |date=19 July 2010 |accessdate=28 January 2011 |archive-date=2010-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722041822/http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=1546 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Saudi Arabie}} |{{convert|52.0|C|F}} |[[Jeddah]] |{{Dts|23 Juin 2010}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2010062476182 |deadurl=yes |title=saudigazette|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930232945/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2010062476182 |archivedate=30 September 2015 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Singapore}} |{{convert|37.0|C|F}} |[[Tengah, Singapore|Tengah]] |{{Dts|17 Apryle 1983}}<ref name=MSSrecords>{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.gov.sg/climate-historical-extremes-temperature |title=Historical Extremes |publisher=[[Meteorological Service Singapore]] |accessdate=8 December 2016 |archive-date=2016-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127224631/http://www.weather.gov.sg/climate-historical-extremes-temperature/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Sooth Korea}} |{{convert|41.0|C|F}} |[[Hongcheon]], [[Gangwon Province (Sooth Korea)|Gangwon Province]] |{{Dts|1 August 2018}}<ref name="news1">{{cite web|url=https://m.news.naver.com/read.nhn?mode=LSD&sid1=103&sid2=248&oid=421&aid=0003514221|title=한반도 폭염 신기원…서울 39.6도·홍천 41.0도 |publisher=[[news1]]|accessdate=1 August 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Sirie}} |{{convert|49.4|C|F}} | ? | ?<ref name=SyriaCC>{{cite web | url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/syrnc1.pdf |title=Initial National Communication of the Syrian Arab Republic |publisher=Ministry of state for Environmental Affairs |pages=18–20 |date=April 2010|accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Taiwan}} |{{convert|40.3|C|F}} |[[Tianxiang]], [[Hualien Coonty]] |{{Dts|9 Julie 2018}}<ref name=watts2018/><ref name="Wunderground">{{cite web|url=https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/Heat-Records-Falling-Around-World-2018|title=Heat Records Falling Around the World in 2018|work=[[Wunderground]]|accessdate=20 September 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Thailand}} |{{convert|44.6|C|F}} |[[Mae Hong Son]] |{{Dts|28 Apryle 2016}}<ref name="meteofranceasia"/> |- |{{flag|Turkey}} |{{convert|49.0|C|F}} |[[Cizre]], [[Şırnak Province]] |{{Dts|27 August 1961}}<ref name="DMIGM">{{cite web|url=https://www.mgm.gov.tr/genel/sss.aspx?s=sicaklikenleri2|title=Türkiye'de ve Dünyada Kaydedilen En Düşük ve En Yüksek Değerler |publisher=Turkish State Meteorological Service |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Turkmenistan}} |{{convert|50.1|C|F}} |[[Repetek Biosphere State Reserve]], [[Karakum Desert]] |{{Dts|28 Julie 1983}}<ref name=TurmenistanCC>{{cite web | url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/tkmnc3.pdf |title=Third National Communication of Turkmenistan Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |publisher=Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan |pages=12–13 |year=2015 |accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=TurkmenistanUNCCD>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118145252/http://www.unccd-prais.com/Uploads/GetReportPdf/300703d5-c6bc-416b-8aeb-a0fa014a4a8f |archivedate=18 November 2016 |url=http://www.unccd-prais.com/Uploads/GetReportPdf/300703d5-c6bc-416b-8aeb-a0fa014a4a8f |title=Report on implementation of the UNCCD in Turkmenistan |publisher=Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan |year=2000 |page=7 |accessdate=18 November 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Unitit Arab Emirates}} |{{convert|52.1|C|F}} |[[Al Jazeera Mairch Gate]] |{{Dts|Julie 2002}}<ref name=Leon>{{cite news |last1=Ponce de Leon |first1=Janice |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/weather/debunking-weather-myths-in-the-uae-1.1877541 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118143949/http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/weather/debunking-weather-myths-in-the-uae-1.1877541 |archivedate=18 November 2016 |title=Debunking weather myths in the UAE |publisher=Gulf News |date=11 August 2016 |accessdate=18 November 2016}}</ref><ref name=UAErecordhigh>{{cite news |last1=Croucher |first1=Martin |url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/uae-weather-temperature-soars-to-near-record-level |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118144107/http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/uae-weather-temperature-soars-to-near-record-level |archivedate=18 November 2016 |title=UAE weather: Temperature soars to near record level |publisher=The National |date=12 July 2013 |accessdate=18 November 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Vietnam}} |{{convert|43.4|C|F}} |[[Huong Khe Destrict]] |{{Dts|20 Apryle 2019}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cappucci |first1=Matthew |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2019/04/22/vietnam-just-observed-its-highest-temperature-ever-recorded-degrees-april/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505153741/https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2019/04/22/vietnam-just-observed-its-highest-temperature-ever-recorded-degrees-april/ |archivedate=2019-05-05 |title=Vietnam just observed its highest temperature ever recorded: 110 degrees, in April |publisher=The Washington Post |date=22 April 2019 |accessdate=5 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==== Europe ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region ! Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- |{{flag|Albanie}} |{{convert|43.9|C|F}} |[[Tirana]] |{{Dts|1973}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://knoema.com/gbpfred/extreme-temperatures-across-the-world?tsId=1000890|title=Extreme Temperatures across the World|publisher=[[knoema.com|knoema]]|accessdate=26 July 2019 |date=26 July 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Austrick}} |{{convert|40.5|C|F}} |[[Bad Deutsch-Altenburg]] |{{Dts|8 August 2013}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/klima/news/neuer-hitze-rekord-40-5deg-c-in-bad-deutsch-altenburg|title=Neuer Hitze-Rekord: 40,5°C in Bad Deutsch-Altenburg|publisher=[[Central Institution for Meteorology and Geodynamics|ZAMG]]|accessdate=9 August 2013 |date=9 August 2013}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Belaroushie}} |{{convert|38.9|C|F}} |[[Gomel]] |{{Dts|7 August 2010}}<ref name="wu"/> |- |{{flag|Belgium}} |{{convert|41.8|C|F}} |[[Begijnendijk]], [[Flemish Brabant]]{{refn |group="notes"|name="EuropeanJuly2019"|Part of the [[July 2019 European heat wave]]}} |{{Dts|25 Julie 2019}}<ref name=Belgium1>{{cite web |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2019/07/26/hitte-zo-uitzonderlijk-was-het-gisteren |title=Zo uitzonderlijk was het gisteren: 41,8 graden in Begijnendijk |publisher=VRTNWS|language=Dutch|accessdate=25 July 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |{{convert|46.2|C|F}} |[[Mostar]] |{{Dts|31 Julie 1901}}<ref name="Federal Hydrometeorological Institute">{{cite web |url=http://www.fhmzbih.gov.ba/engleski/Mostarstanica.php |title=Federal Hydrometeorological Institute |accessdate=28 July 2016 |archive-date=2016-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009021245/http://www.fhmzbih.gov.ba/engleski/Mostarstanica.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="meteofrance"/> |- |{{flag|Bulgarie}} |{{convert|45.2|C|F}} |[[Sadovo]], [[Plovdiv Province]] |{{Dts|5 August 1916}}<ref name="unfccc">{{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/bulnc2.pdf |title=Bulgaria Second National Communication |accessdate=20 August 2010}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Croatie}} |{{convert|42.8|C|F}} |[[Ploče]] |{{Dts|5 August 1981}}<ref name="cro">{{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/annex_i_natcom_/application/pdf/hrv_nc6.pdf#page=23 |title=Croatia Sixth National Communication |format=PDF |accessdate=19 July 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Cyprus}} |{{convert|45.6|C|F}} |[[Nicosia]] |{{Dts|1 August 2010}}<ref name="wu"/> |- |{{flag|Czech Republic}} |{{convert|40.4|C|F}} |[[Dobřichovice]], [[Prague-Wast Destrict]] |{{Dts|20 August 2012}}<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlasceska.cz/ceska-republika/ceska-nej/ |title=Česká republika – Česká nej |publisher=atlasceska.cz |accessdate=20 August 2012}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Denmark}} |{{convert|36.4|C|F}} |[[Holstebro]], [[Midtjylland]] |{{Dts|10 August 1975}}<ref name="dmi">{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426034355/http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/vejrekstremer-dk/ |archivedate=26 April 2017 |url=http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/vejrekstremer-dk/ |title=Vejrekstremer i Danmark |publisher=Danish Meteorological Institute |language=Danish |accessdate=25 April 2017}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Estonie}} |{{convert|35.6|C|F}} |[[Võru]] |{{Dts|11 August 1992}}<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilmateenistus.ee/kliima/rekordid/ohutemperatuur/?lang=en |title=Weather records |publisher=Estonian Weather Services |accessdate=28 September 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Finland}} |{{convert|37.2|C|F}} |[[Joensuu Airport]], [[Liperi]] |{{Dts|29 Julie 2010}}<ref name=fmirecords>{{cite web|url=http://ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/lampotilaennatyksia |title=Lämpötilaennätyksiä |publisher=Finnish Meteorological Institute |language=Finnish |accessdate=3 January 2017}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Fraunce}} |{{convert|46.0|C|F}} |[[Vérargues]], [[Hérault]] |{{Dts|28 Juin 2019}}<ref name="meteofrance">{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721010727/http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/74345599-c-est-officiel-on-a-atteint-les-46-c-en-france-en-juin |archivedate=2019-07-21 |url=http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/74345599-c-est-officiel-on-a-atteint-les-46-c-en-france-en-juin |title=C'est officiel : on a atteint les 46 °C en France en juin |publisher=Météo France |language=French |accessdate=19 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Germany}} |{{convert|42.6|C|F|abbr=}} |[[Lingen, Germany|Lingen]], [[Lawer Saxony]]{{refn |group="notes"|name="EuropeanJuly2019"}} |{{Dts|25 Julie 2019}}<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www1.wdr.de/nachrichten/wetter-sammlung-100.html|title=Hitzewelle: Lingen mit 42,6 Grad heißester Ort|website=www1.wdr.de|date=25 July 2019|accessdate=25 July 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Greece}} |{{convert|48.0|C|F}} |[[Athens]] {{refn |group="notes"|A temperatur o {{convert|48.7|C|F}} haes an aw been meisurt on the same day in [[Tatoi]], houiver it is nae conseedert tae be the offeecial temperatur record for Greece.<ref name="meteoclub1">{{cite web|url=http://www.meteoclub.gr/themata/egkyklopaideia/1468-rekor-thermokrasias |title=Τα χαμηλότερα και υψηλότερα ρεκόρ θερμοκρασίας στην Ελλάδα |publisher=Meteoclub.gr |date= |accessdate=22 February 2019}}</ref>}} |{{Dts|10 Julie 1977}}<ref name="WMO">{{cite web|url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/world-meteorological-organization-global-weather-climate-extremes-archive | title=Global Weather & Climate Extremes|publisher=[[World Meteorological Organisation]]|accessdate=2 January 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Hungary}} |{{convert|41.9|C|F}} |[[Kiskunhalas]] |{{Dts|20 Julie 2007}}<ref name="met.hu">{{cite web|url=http://owww.met.hu/eghajlat/Magyarorszag/rekordok/ |title=Website of the Hungarian Meteorological Service |publisher=Met.hu |accessdate=7 August 2015}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Iceland}} | {{convert|30.5|C|F}} | Teigarhorn, [[Djúpivogur]] |{{Dts|22 Juin 1939}}<ref name="iceland">Einarsson, Markús. [http://en.vedur.is/media/loftslag/myndasafn/frodleikur/Einarsson.pdf Climate of Iceland] pg 683. Retrieved 29 April 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.icelandreview.com/icelandreview/daily_news/?cat_id=16539&ew_0_a_id=309709 Heat Wave Hits Iceland, New Records Set] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629021152/http://www.icelandreview.com/icelandreview/daily_news/?cat_id=16539&ew_0_a_id=309709 |date=2009-06-29 }} ''[[Iceland Review]]'' 31 July 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2009.</ref> |- |{{flag|Ireland}} |{{convert|33.3|C|F}} |[[Kilkenny Castle]], [[Coonty Kilkenny]] |{{Dts|26 Juin 1887}}<ref name="Met Éireann">{{cite web |url=http://www.met.ie/climate/temperature.asp |title=Temperature – Climate – Met Éireann – The Irish Meteorological Service Online |publisher=Met.ie |date=2 January 1979 |accessdate=20 August 2010 |archive-date=2019-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107003129/https://www.met.ie/climate/temperature.asp%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Italy}} |{{convert|47.0|C|F}} |[[Foggia]], [[Apulie]] {{refn |group="notes"|A disputit record temperatur o 48.5&nbsp;°C (119.3&nbsp;°F) wis measurt on 10 August 1999 in [[Catenanuova]], Sicily.<ref name=Italy1/>}} |{{Dts|25 Juin 2007}}<ref name=Italy1>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteogiornale.it/notizia/9192-1-battuti-i-record-di-caldo-italia-del-sud-nella-fornace-africana-punte-di-47c |title=BATTUTI I RECORD DI CALDO: Italia del Sud nella fornace africana, punte di +47 °C |publisher=Meteogiornale |date=25 June 2007 |accessdate=8 May 2014 |language=Italian |archive-date=2014-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224114/http://www.meteogiornale.it/notizia/9192-1-battuti-i-record-di-caldo-italia-del-sud-nella-fornace-africana-punte-di-47c |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Italy>{{cite web|url=http://www.centrometeotoscana.it/2012/07/07/il-record-italiano-di-caldo-48-5c/ |title=Il record italiano di caldo: +48.5 °C|publisher=CentroMeteoToscana |date=7 July 2012 |accessdate=8 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224554/http://www.centrometeotoscana.it/2012/07/07/il-record-italiano-di-caldo-48-5c/|archivedate=12 May 2014|language=Italian}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Latvie}} |{{convert|37.8|C|F}} |[[Ventspils]] |{{Dts|4 August 2014}}<ref name="meteolv">[https://twitter.com/VSIA_LVGMC/status/496291491539845120 LVGMC Twitter account]. Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre. Retrieved 4 August 2014. {{lv icon}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Lithuanie}} |{{convert|37.5|C|F}} |[[Zarasai]], [[Utena Coonty]] |{{Dts|30 Julie 1994}}<ref name="record lithuania">{{cite web |url=http://www.meteo.lt/lt/web/guest/rekordai |title=(Meteorologiniai rekordai Lietuvoje) |publisher=Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service |language=Lithuanian |accessdate=28 September 2016 |archive-date=2016-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002123054/http://www.meteo.lt/lt/web/guest/rekordai |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Luxembourg}} |{{convert|40.8|C|F|abbr=}} |[[Steinsel|Steinsel, Luxembourg]]{{refn |group="notes"|name="EuropeanJuly2019"}} |{{Dts|25 Julie 2019}}<ref name="record luxembourg">{{cite web|url=https://www.wort.lu/de/lokales/40-8-c-neuer-offizieller-temperaturrekord-in-luxemburg-5d39c099da2cc1784e3488ff|title=40,8°C: Neuer offizieller Temperaturrekord in Luxemburg|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=AgriMeteo|language=German|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726130556/https://www.wort.lu/de/lokales/40-8-c-neuer-offizieller-temperaturrekord-in-luxemburg-5d39c099da2cc1784e3488ff|archive-date=2019-07-26|dead-url=|accessdate=25 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Maltae}} |{{convert|43.8|C|F}} |[[Maltae Internaitional Airport]] |{{Dts|9 August 1999}}<ref name="MaltaCC">{{cite web | url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/mlt_nc02.pdf |title=The Second Communication of Malta to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Xhange |publisher=Ministry of Resources and Rural Affairs |pages=40–41 |date=May 2010 |accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=MaltaNSO>{{cite web |last1= Galdies |first1= Charles |url= https://nso.gov.mt/en/publicatons/Publications_by_Unit/Documents/B3_Environment_Energy_Transport_Agriculture_Statistics/The_Climate_of_Malta.pdf |title= The Climate of Malta: statistics, trends, and analysis 1951–2010 |pages= 6–7 |year= 2011 |publisher= National Statistics Office |accessdate= 26 February 2013 |archive-date= 2016-04-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160405203936/http://nso.gov.mt/en/publicatons/Publications_by_Unit/Documents/B3_Environment_Energy_Transport_Agriculture_Statistics/The_Climate_of_Malta.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Moldovae}} |{{convert|42.4|°C|°F}} |[[Falesti]] |{{Dts|7 August 2012}}<ref name=Moldovarecords>{{cite web |title=Recorduri meteorologice în Republica Moldova |url=http://www.meteo.md/newsait/historu/record.htm |publisher=Serviciul Hidrometeorologic de Stat |language=Romanian |accessdate=25 October 2016 |archive-date=2017-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320091515/http://www.meteo.md/newsait/historu/record.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Montenegro}} |{{convert|44.8|C|F}} |[[Podgorica]] & [[Danilovgrad]] |{{Dts|16 August 2007}} /<br/>8 August 2012<ref name="Jeff Masters">{{cite web|last=Masters |first=Jeff |title=2012: Earth's 10th warmest year on record, and warmest with a La Niña |url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/article.html |publisher=Weather Underground |accessdate=17 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117064246/http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/article.html |archivedate=17 January 2013 |df= }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Netherlands}} |{{convert|40.7|C|F}} |[[Gilze en Rijen]]{{refn |group="notes"|name="EuropeanJuly2019"}} |{{Dts|25 Julie 2019}}<ref>https://nos.nl/liveblog/2294980-meting-41-7-graden-in-deelen-niet-geldig-wel-boven-de-40-in-gilze-rijen.html}</ref> |- |{{flag|North Macedonie}} |{{convert|45.7|C|F}} |[[Demir Kapija]], [[Demir Kapija Municipality|Demir Kapija]] |{{Dts|24 Julie 2007}}<ref name=MacedoniaCC>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124035513/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/macnc2.pdf |archivedate=24 November 2016 | url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/macnc2.pdf |title=Second National Communication on Climate Change |publisher=Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning |page=24 |date=December 2008 |accessdate=23 November 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Norawa}} |{{convert|35.6|°C|°F}} |[[Nesbyen]], [[Buskerud]] |{{Dts|20 Juin 1970}}<ref name="DNMI">{{cite web |url=http://met.no/met/normaler_ekstremer/maneds_rekorder.html |title=Klima |publisher=met.no |accessdate=20 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071129225502/http://www.met.no/met/normaler_ekstremer/maneds_rekorder.html |archivedate=29 November 2007 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Poland}} |{{convert|40.2|°C|°F}} |[[Prószków]]{{refn |group="notes" |Record meisurt on [[Weimar Republic|German territory]] at that time: [[Proskau]], [[Landkreis]] [[Opole|Oppeln]], [[Province o Upper Silesie|Oberschlesien]] (nou [[Prószków]], [[Opole Voivodeship]]). The record in [[Seicont Pols Republic|Poland proper]] at that time wis attained on the same day bi the veelage o [[Zbiersk]] at 40.0&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://meteomodel.pl/rekordy-temperatury/|title=Polskie Rekordy|website=MeteoModel.pl|date=31 May 2011|access-date=2016-02-12}}</ref>}} |{{Dts|29 Julie 1921}}<ref name="klimat.geo.uj.edu.pl">{{cite web |url=http://www.klimat.geo.uj.edu.pl/tematyczne/rekordyklimatyczne/polska.htm |title=Rekordy klimatyczne w Polsce |language=pl |publisher=Zakład Klimatologii – [[Uniwersytet Jagielloński]], Kraków |work=Klimat.Geo.UJ.edu.pl |accessdate=20 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529040418/http://www.klimat.geo.uj.edu.pl/tematyczne/rekordyklimatyczne/polska.htm |archivedate=29 May 2010 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Portugal}} |{{convert|47.4|°C|°F}} |[[Amareleja]], [[Beja (destrict)|Beja]] |{{Dts|1 August 2003}}<ref name="meteo1">[https://www.ipma.pt/pt/oclima/extremos.clima/ Extremes] Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, IPMA</ref> |- |{{flag|Romanie}} |{{convert|44.5|°C|°F}} |[[Ion Sion]], [[Brăila Coonty]] |{{Dts|10 August 1951}}<ref>[http://www.meteoromania.ro/index.php?id=405 THERMAL EXTREMES] Administratiei Nationale de Meteorologie</ref> |- |{{flag|Roushie|}} (in Europe) |{{convert|45.4|°C|°F}} |[[Utta]], [[Kalmykie]] |{{Dts|12 Julie 2010}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pogoda.ru.net/news/5076/ |title=Погода и Климат – В России установлен новый абсолютный температурный максимум |publisher=Pogoda.ru.net |accessdate=28 January 2011}}</ref> |- |{{flag|San Marino}} |{{convert|40.3|C|F}} |[[Serravalle (San Marino)|Serravalle]] |{{Dts|3 August 2017}}, {{Dts|9 August 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |- |{{flag|Serbie}} |{{convert|44.9|°C|°F}} |[[Smederevska Palanka]], [[Podunavlje Destrict|Podunavlje]] |{{Dts|24 Julie 2007}}<ref name="hidmet">{{cite web|url=http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/ciril/meteorologija/klimatologija_temp_rezim.php |title=TEMPERATURE REGIME IN SERBIA, Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia |publisher=Hidmet.gov.rs |accessdate=4 September 2012}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Slovakie}} |{{convert|40.3|C|F}} |[[Hurbanovo]] |{{Dts|20 Julie 2007}}<ref name=slovakrecord>{{cite web|title=Historial Extremes: Review of historical extremes (extreme values) of selected meteorological elements at the territory of Slovak republic |url=http://www.shmu.sk/en/?page=1384 |publisher=Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute |accessdate=9 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Slovenie}} |{{convert|40.8|C|F}} |[[Cerklje ob Krki]] |{{Dts|8 August 2013}}<ref>{{cite web|title=V Cerkljah ob Krki namerili rekordnih 40,8 stopinje Celzija|url=http://www.24ur.com/novice/slovenija/vroce-bo-temperature-pa-okoli-40-stopinj-celzija.html|publisher=24ur.com|accessdate=8 August 2013|language=Slovenian}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Spain}} |{{convert|47.3|C|F}} |[[Montoro, Cordoba]] (as Montoro Vega Armijo) |{{Dts|13 Julie 2017}}<ref name=Benayas2017>{{cite web |last1=Benayas |first1=Victoria |url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/07/14/inenglish/1500017188_072441.html |title=Córdoba sets new temperature record as heatwave continues in Spain |publisher=El País |date=14 July 2017 |accessdate=19 July 2017 |archive-date=2017-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818001445/https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/07/14/inenglish/1500017188_072441.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Swaden}} |{{convert|38.0|C|F}} |[[Ultuna]], [[Uppsala Coonty]]/<br>[[Målilla]], [[Kalmar County]] (tied) |{{Dts|9 Julie 1933}} /<br>29 Juin 1947<ref name="SMHI">{{cite web |url=http://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/svenska-temperaturrekord-1.5792 |title=Svenska temperaturrekord |publisher=Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut |accessdate=15 August 2017 |archive-date=2017-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815175701/http://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/meteorologi/svenska-temperaturrekord-1.5792 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Swisserland}} |{{convert|41.5|C|F}} |[[Grono, Swisserland|Grono]], [[Moesa Destrict]] |{{Dts|11 August 2003}}<ref name="Weather in Switzerland">{{cite web |url=http://www.meteosuisse.admin.ch/home/climat/passe/extremes-climatiques/records-suisse.html |title=Records Suisse |publisher=MeteoSwiss |accessdate=25 July 2016 |archive-date=2016-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816174245/http://www.meteosuisse.admin.ch/home/climat/passe/extremes-climatiques/records-suisse.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Ukraine}} |{{convert|42.0|C|F}} |[[Luhansk]] |{{Dts|12 August 2010}}<ref name=cgo>{{cite web |url =http://www.cgo.kiev.ua/index.php?dv=klimat-rekords/ |script-title =uk:Кліматичні рекорди |publisher =Central Observatory for Geophysics |language =Ukrainian |accessdate =4 August 2016 |archive-date =2016-08-04 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160804044852/http://www.cgo.kiev.ua/index.php?dv=klimat-rekords%2F |url-status =dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Unitit Kinrick}} |{{convert|38.7|C|F}} |[[Cambridge]], [[Cambridgeshire]]{{refn |group="notes"|name="EuropeanJuly2019"}} |{{Dts| 25 Julie 2019|}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office/news/weather-and-climate/2019/new-official-highest-temperature-in-uk-confirmed |title=New official highest temperature in UK confirmed |publisher=[[Met Office]] |accessdate=29 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="UK Met Office">{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate-extremes/#?tab=climateExtremes |title=UK climate – Extremes |publisher=Met Office |accessdate=25 December 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Vatican Ceety}} |{{convert|40.7|C|F}} |[[Vatican Ceety]] |{{Dts|2 August 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |} ==== North Americae ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region ! Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- |{{flag|Anguilla}} |{{convert|34.2|C|F}} |[[The Valley, Anguilla|The Valley]] |{{Dts|12 September 2015}}<ref name=wu20151021>{{cite web |last1=Masters |first1=Jeff |url=https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/sixteen-nationalterritorial-alltime-extreme-heat-records-set-in-2015.html|title=Sixteen National/Territorial All-Time Extreme Heat Records Set in 2015 |publisher=Wunderground |date=27 January 2016 |accessdate=19 July 2017}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Antigua an Barbuda}} |{{convert|34.9|C|F}} |[[V. C. Bird Internaitional Airport]], [[St. John's, Antigua an Barbuda|St. John's]] |{{Dts|12 August 1995}}<ref name=Antiguaclimate>{{cite web |url=http://www.antiguamet.com/Climate/Our_Climate.html |title=Our Climate |publisher=Antigua and Barbuda Meteorological Service |accessdate=30 October 2016 |archive-date=2017-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305012206/http://www.antiguamet.com/Climate/Our_Climate.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Antiguaclimatedata>{{cite web |url=http://www.antiguamet.com/Climate/STATS/coolidge_dailytemp.html |title=Normal Daily Temperature: TEMPERATURE AT V.C. Bird International Airport |publisher=Antigua and Barbuda Meteorological Service |accessdate=30 October 2016 |archive-date=2019-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823025952/http://www.antiguamet.com/Climate/STATS/coolidge_dailytemp.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Breetish Virgin Islands}} |{{convert|35.0|C|F}} |[[Terrance B. Lettsome Internaitional Airport]] |{{Dts|22 Julie 2016}}<ref name=JeffMasters2016records>{{cite web |last1=Masters |first1=Jeff |last2=Henson |first2=Bob |url=https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/confirmed-2016-the-warmest-year-in-history-of-global-recordkeeping.html |title= Confirmed: 2016 the Warmest Year in History of Global Recordkeeping |publisher= Wunderground |date= 18 January 2017 |accessdate=7 May 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Canadae}} |{{convert|45.0|C|F}} |[[Yellow Grass]], [[Saskatchewan]]<br>[[Midale]], Saskatchewan |{{Dts|5 Julie 1937}}<ref name="canadaextremes">{{cite web|url = http://www.ec.gc.ca/meteo-weather/default.asp?lang=en&n=6a4a3ac5-1#1921-1940 |title = Top Weather Events of the 20th Century |publisher = Environment Canada |date = May 2010|accessdate = 26 January 2013}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Cayman Islands}} |{{convert|34.9|C|F}} |[[Owen Roberts Internaitional Airport]], [[Grand Cayman]] |{{Dts|21 August 2016}}<ref name=JeffMasters2016records/> |- |{{flag|Cuba}} |{{convert|39.1|C|F}} |Veguitas ([[Granma Province]]) |{{Dts|30 Juin 2019}}<ref name=Cubarecords>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geoclimat.org/p/records-nationaux-de-temperatures.html|title=Records nationaux de température}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Dominica}} |{{convert|35.5|C|F}} |[[Canefield Airport]] |{{Dts|3 October 2015}}<ref name=wu20151021/> |- |{{flag|Dominican Republic}} |{{convert|43.0|C|F}} |[[Mao, Dominican Republic|Mao]] |{{Dts|31 August 1954}}<ref name=mejia>{{cite web |first1=Mariela |last1=Mejía |url=http://www.diariolibre.com/noticias/2011/01/07/i274915_frio-extremo-calor-agobiante.html |title=Frío extremo, calor agobiante |publisher=Diario Libre |language=Spanish |date=7 January 2011 |accessdate=2 May 2017 |archive-date=2013-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104214132/http://www.diariolibre.com/noticias/2011/01/07/i274915_frio-extremo-calor-agobiante.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Greenland}} |{{convert|30.1|C|F}} |[[Ivittuut]] |{{Dts|23 Juin 1915}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/06/10/greenland-witnessed-its-highest-june-temperature-ever-recorded-on-thursday/ |title=Greenland witnessed its highest June temperature ever recorded on Thursday |work=The Washington Post |date=10 June 2016 |accessdate=22 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/cif/station/gr-ivigt.htm |title=Greenland -Dnk- - Ivigtut |publisher=Pendientedemigracion.ucm.es |date= |accessdate=22 February 2019 |archive-date=2016-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126080156/http://pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/cif/station/gr-ivigt.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iceagenow.info/record-lows-since-1937-record-highs/ |title=More record lows since 1937 than record highs |work=Iceagenow.info |date=27 June 2017 |accessdate=22 February 2019 |archive-date=2018-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005145353/https://www.iceagenow.info/record-lows-since-1937-record-highs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Guatemala}} |{{convert|45|C|F}} |[[Estanzuela]], [[Zacapa]] | ?<ref name="INSIVUMEH"/> |- |{{flag|Martinique}} |{{convert|36.5|C|F}} |[[Saint-Pierre, Martinique|Saint-Pierre]] |{{Dts|6 October 2010}}<ref name=martiniqueclimate>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101021428/http://www.meteofrance.gp/documents/3714888/5579049/climat972_2pages.pdf/1bb26ab1-630b-4fd4-9757-9adb5da948a6 |archivedate=1 January 2019 |url=http://www.meteofrance.gp/documents/3714888/5579049/climat972_2pages.pdf/1bb26ab1-630b-4fd4-9757-9adb5da948a6 |title=Le climat en Martinique |publisher=Météo-France |language=French |accessdate=31 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Mexico}} |{{convert|52.0|C|F}} |[[Mexicali]] area |{{Dts|28 Julie 1995}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/early-summer-heat-broils-northern-hemisphere.html |author=Christopher Burt|title=Early Summer Heat Broils Northern Hemisphere |accessdate=19 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=García Cueto |first1=O.R. |last2=Santillán Soto |first2=N. |last3=Quintero Núñez |first3=M. |last4=Ojeda Benítez |first4=S. |last5=Velázquez Limón |first5=N. |title=Extreme temperature scenarios in Mexicali, Mexico under climate change conditions |journal=Atmósfera |date=October 2013 |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=509–520 |doi=10.1016/S0187-6236(13)71092-0 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Panama}} |{{convert|40.0|C|F}} |[[San Francisco, Panamá|San Francisco]] |{{Dts|20 Mairch 1998}}<ref name=ETESA>{{cite web |url=http://www.hidromet.com.pa/temperaturas_extremas.php?idioma=ing |title=Extreme Temperatures |publisher=Empresa de Transmisión Eléctrica S.A |accessdate=30 October 2016 |archive-date=2016-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031151317/http://www.hidromet.com.pa/temperaturas_extremas.php?idioma=ing |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Puerto Rico}} |{{convert|104|F|C|order=flip}} |[[Mona Island]] |{{Dts|2 Julie 1996}}<ref name=NWSpuertorico>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119141404/http://www.weather.gov/sju/climo_extremes |archivedate=19 January 2017|url=http://www.weather.gov/sju/climo_extremes |title=All Time Extremes for PR and VI |publisher=National Weather Service |accessdate=19 January 2017}}</ref> |- | |{{flag|United States}} |{{convert|56.7|C|F}} |[[Furnace Creek, Californie|Furnace Creek]], [[Death Valley]], [[Californie]] |{{Dts|10 Julie 1913}}<ref name="KPBS-report">{{cite web |url=http://www.kpbs.org/news/2013/jul/15/doubts-cloud-death-valleys-100-year-heat-record/ |title=Doubts Cloud Death Valley's 100-year Heat Record|accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="WMO-Highest">[http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature World: Highest Temperature] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104143844/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature |date=4 January 2013 }} [[World Meteorological Organization]]. Retrieved 13 September 2012.</ref><ref name="Burt"/> |- |{{flag|Unitit States Virgin Islands}} |{{convert|99|F|C|order=flip}} |[[Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands|Saint Thomas]]/ [[Cruz Bay, U.S. Virgin Islands|Cruz Bay]] |{{Dts|4 August 1994}} an 23 Juin 1996<ref name=NWSpuertorico/><br/> 31 July 1988<ref name=NWSpuertorico/> |} ==== Oceanie{{refn |group="notes"|On 16 Januar 1889, a temperatur o 53&nbsp;°C (128&nbsp;°F) wis recordit at [[Cloncurry, Queensland]]. It wis measurt wi a non-staundart thermometer, so it is unkent if this readin wis valid or nae.<ref name="NCDC"/> The readin is nae recognised bi Australie's [[Bureau o Meteorology]].<ref name="BoMExtremes"/>}}==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region ! Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- |{{flag|Australie}} |{{convert|50.7|C|F}} |[[Oodnadatta, Sooth Australie]] |{{Dts|2 Januar 1960}}<ref name="NCDC">[http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation.] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120525195312/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html |date=2012-05-25 }} [[National Climatic Data Center]]. Retrieved 21 June 2007.</ref><ref name="BoMExtremes">{{cite web | title = Australian Temperature Extremes | publisher = [[Bureau of Meteorology (Australia)|Bureau of Meteorology]] | date = 1 April 2009 | url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/extreme/records/national.pdf | accessdate=16 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://reg.bom.gov.au/announcements/media_releases/highesttemp.shtml |title=50.5&nbsp;°C – W.A.'s Highest Ever Temperature |publisher=Bureau of Meteorology |date=20 February 1998 |accessdate=12 July 2011}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Marshall Islands}} |{{convert|35.6|C|F}} |[[Utirik Atoll]] |{{Dts|24 August 2016}}<ref name=JeffMasters2016records/> |- |{{flag|New Zealand}} |{{convert|42.4|C|F}} |[[Rangiora]], [[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]] /<br>Jordan, [[Marlborough Region|Marlborough]] (tied) |{{Dts|7 Februar 1973}}<ref name="record NZ">{{cite web |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealandInBrief/NaturalEnvironment/3/en |title=Carl Walrond. 'Natural environment', Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 25-Sep-2007 |publisher=Teara.govt.nz |accessdate=20 August 2010 |archive-date=2009-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816033058/http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealandInBrief/NaturalEnvironment/3/en |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Palau}} |{{convert|35|C|F}} |[[Koror]] |{{Dts|22 Mairch 2018}}<ref name=Palauhigh>{{cite web |last1=Masters |first1=Jeff |url=https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/march-2018-earths-5th-warmest-march-record | title = March 2018: Earth's 5th Warmest March on Record | publisher = Wunderground | date = 18 April 2018 | accessdate=29 April 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Samoa}} |{{convert|35.3|C|F}} |[[Asau, Samoa|Asau]] |{{Dts|24 December 1968}}<ref name = WBsamoaclimate> {{cite web |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20161105161301/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/619871468093590816/pdf/E28540EA0v30P10MF000December0202011.pdf |archivedate= 5 November 2016 |url= http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/619871468093590816/pdf/E28540EA0v30P10MF000December0202011.pdf |title= Environmental and Social Management Framework for the Samoa Agriculture Competitiveness Enhancement Project |publisher= World Bank |date= 2 December 2011 |page= 53 |accessdate= 5 November 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Solomon Islands}} |{{convert|36.1|C|F}} |[[Honiara]], [[Guadalcanal Province]] |{{Dts|1 Februar 2010}}<ref name="wu"/> |- |{{flag|Tonga}} |{{convert|35.5|C|F}} |[[Niuafoou]] |{{Dts|1 Februar 2016}}<ref name=JeffMasters2016records/> |- |{{flag|Vanuatu}} |{{convert|36.2|C|F}} |[[Lamap Malekula]] |{{Dts|8 Februar 2016}}<ref name=JeffMasters2016records/> |- |{{flag|Wallis and Futuna}} |{{convert|35.8|C|F}} |[[Futuna Airport]] |{{Dts|10 Januar 2016}}<ref name=JeffMasters2016records/> |} ==== Sooth Americae{{refn |group="notes"|Accordin tae Christopher Burt, Sooth America's hettest reliably meisurt temperature is 47.3°C (117.1°F) at [[Campo Gallo]], [[Argentinae]] on 16 October 1936.<ref name=reliably/>}}==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region ! Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- |{{flag|Argentinae}} |{{convert|48.9|C|F}} * |[[Rivadavia, Salta|Rivadavia]], [[Salta Province]] |{{Dts|11 December 1905}}<ref name="NCDC"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wmo.asu.edu/#continental |title=Continental Weather & Climate Extremes: Based on World Meteorological Organization Defined Regions |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=17 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="meteofa">The record o 49.1&nbsp;°C (120.4&nbsp;°F) in [[Villa de María del Río Seco|Villa de María]], [[Córdoba Province, Argentinae|Córdoba Province]], Argentinae, on 2 Januar 1920, is disputit an conseedert dubious{{cite web |url=http://www.smn.gov.ar/?mod=biblioteca&id=94 |title=Servicio Meteorólogico Nacional (Argentina) |accessdate=31 March 2014}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Bolivie}} |{{convert|46.7|C|F}} |[[Villamontes]], [[Tarija Depairtment]] |{{Dts|29 October 2010}}<ref name="wu"/>{{refn |group="notes"|Temperatur reached on multiple occasions; this is the maist recent.}} |- |{{flag|Brazil}} |{{convert|44.8|C|F}} |[[Nova Maringá]], [[Mato Grosso]] |{{Dts|4 November 2020}}, {{Dts|5 November 2020}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/climatempo/brasil-tem-novo-recorde-historico-de-calor,539a60945327d9f61cd981427377c37cuo1khkwn.html |title=Brasil tem novo recorde histórico de calor |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=6 November 2020 |website=www.terra.com.br |publisher=Terra|access-date= 7 November 2020|language=Portuguese||trans-title=Brazil has a new historic heat record|quote=}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Chile}} |{{convert|44.9|C|F}} |[[Quillón]], [[Biobio Region]]{{refn |group="notes"|This record is disputit acause o the [[2017 Chile wildfires|forest fires]] that occurred aroond the toun o Quillón. It is heichly probable thae fires hae influenced this record.}} |{{Dts|26 Januar 2017}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/chile/2017/01/27/en-bio-bio-se-registro-la-temperatura-maxima-de-la-historia-de-chile-449oc-en-quillon.shtml |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615134949/http://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/chile/2017/01/27/en-bio-bio-se-registro-la-temperatura-maxima-de-la-historia-de-chile-449oc-en-quillon.shtml|archivedate=15 June 2017|title=En Bío Bío se registró temperatura máxima de la historia de Chile|date=27 January 2017|publisher=Biobiochile.cl|language=Spanish |deadurl=no |accessdate=19 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theclinic.cl/2017/01/26/quillon-tuvo-hoy-la-temperatura-mas-alta-la-historia-chile-44-9-grados-la-sombra/|title=Quillón tuvo hoy la temperatura más alta de la historia de Chile: 44.9 grados a la sombra|publisher=[[The Clinic (newspaper)|The Clinic]] |date=26 January 2017 |accessdate=15 June 2017}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Colombie}} |{{convert|45.0|C|F}} |[[Puerto Salgar]], [[Cundinamarca Depairtment|Cundinamarca]] |{{Dts|29 December 2015}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pronosticosyalertas.gov.co/documents/78690/301070/12_IDA_DICIEMBRE_30_2015.pdf/18413b07-7123-42e7-95f3-6f8b92311265?version=1.0 |title=Informe Técnico Diario N°364 |publisher=[[IDEAM]] |date=30 December 2015 |accessdate=15 January 2016 |archive-date=2016-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129085236/http://www.pronosticosyalertas.gov.co/documents/78690/301070/12_IDA_DICIEMBRE_30_2015.pdf/18413b07-7123-42e7-95f3-6f8b92311265?version=1.0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|French Guiana}} |{{convert|38.0|C|F}} |[[Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni]] |{{Dts|27 September 2016}}<ref name=JeffMasters2016records/> |-- |{{flag|Paraguay}} |{{convert|45.0|C|F}} |[[Pratts Gill]], [[Boquerón Depairtment]] |{{Dts|14 November 2009}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meteorologia.gov.py:9191/historico.html|title=Valores extremos históricos climatológicos de la red de estaciones|date=13 January 2011|access-date=2019-07-31|archive-date=2012-12-21|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121221100002/http://www.meteorologia.gov.py:9191/historico.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Peru}} |{{convert|48.3|C|F}} |[[Juan Guerra]], [[Depairtment o San Martín|San Martín]] |{{Dts|3 November 2018}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elcomercio.pe/peru/senamhi-regiones-han-registrado-temperaturas-altas-nivel-nacional-noticia-503478|title=¿En qué regiones se han registrado las temperaturas más altas a nivel nacional?|work=[[El Comercio Perú]]|date=11 March 2018|language=es}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Uruguay}} |{{convert|44.0|C|F}} |[[Paysandú]], [[Paysandú Depairtment]] |{{Dts|20 Januar 1943}}<ref name="uruguayrecordssum">{{cite web |title = Clima del Uruguay |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213061537/http://www.rau.edu.uy/uruguay/geografia/Uy_c-info.htm |archivedate=13 December 2016 |url = http://www.rau.edu.uy/uruguay/geografia/Uy_c-info.htm |publisher = Red Académica Uruguaya |language=Spanish |accessdate=13 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="uruguayrecordsraw">{{cite web |title = Boletín meteorológico |url = http://www.rau.edu.uy/uruguay/geografia/records.txt |publisher = Dirección Nacional de Meteorología |language = Spanish |trans-title = Meteorologic records of Uruguay |accessdate = 1 October 2010 |archive-date = 2015-06-09 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150609015041/http://www.rau.edu.uy/uruguay/geografia/records.txt |url-status = dead }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Venezuela}} |{{convert|43.6|C|F}} |[[Santa Ana de Coro]], [[Falcón]] ||{{Dts|29 Apryle 2015}}<ref name=wu20151021/> |} ====Ither heich-temperature records==== * '''Fastest temperatur rise:''' 27&nbsp;°C (49&nbsp;°F) in twa minutes; [[Spearfish, Sooth Dakota]], 1943-01-22.<ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book">{{cite book | last = Lyons | first = Walter A | title = The Handy Weather Answer Book | url = https://archive.org/details/handyweatheransw00lyon | edition = 2nd | year = 1997 | publisher = Visible Ink press | location = Detroit, Michigan | isbn = 0-7876-1034-8}}</ref> * '''Maist consecutive days abuin 37.8&nbsp;°C (100&nbsp;°F):''' 160 days; [[Marble Bar, Wastren Australie]] frae 31 October 1923 tae 7 Aprile 1924.<ref name="climateextremes">{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/temp1.htm|title=Marble Bar heatwave, 1923–1924|work=Australian Climate Extremes|publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]]|accessdate=21 September 2008|archiveurl=https://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/96122/20090317-1643/www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/temp1.html|archivedate=2009-03-17|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''Surface temperatur:''' Heat records are measurt bi air temperature abuin the grund. Remote sensin can estimate grund or "skin" surface temperaturs: the [[MODIS]] satellite foond in a brief survey a grund temperature o {{convert|70.7|C|F}}, in the [[Lut Desert]] o Iran, the hettest detectit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=77779|title=Finding the hottest spots on Earth by satellite|publisher=NASA|work=Earth Observatory|date=2012-05-02}}</ref> ===[[Cauld]]=== ===Lawest temperaturs recordit=== <!-- Note: Dates should have name of month SPELLED OUT (as in previous table) to avoid confusion over MONTH/DAY. THIS PAGE IS FOR OFFICIAL RECORDS ONLY, NOT REMOTELY SENSED OBSERVATIONS --> ===Bi continent=== ==== Africae ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- | {{flag|Algerie}} | {{convert|-13.8|C|F}} | [[Mécheria]] | 28 January 2005<ref name=AlgeriaCC/> |- | {{flag|Burkina Faso}} | {{convert|5|C|F}} | [[Markoye]] | January 1975<ref name=burkinaclimatechange/> |- | {{flag|Botswana}} | {{convert|-15.0|C|F}} | [[Tsabong]] | ?<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203143334/http://www.weather.info.bw/resources/entry_fs.html |archivedate=3 December 2008 |url=http://www.weather.info.bw/resources/entry_fs.html |title=Botswana's Climate |publisher=Meteorological Services Botswana |accessdate=31 December 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Eswatini|name=Eswatini (Swaziland)}} | {{convert|-6.7|°C|°F}} | [[Big Bend, Eswatini|Big Bend]] | ?<ref name=swazilandrecords/> |- | {{flag|Ghana}} | {{convert|11.0|C|F}} | [[Kumasi]], [[Tafo]] | ?<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011052633/http://www.meteo.gov.gh/climatology.html |archivedate=11 October 2008 |url=http://www.meteo.gov.gh/climatology.html |title=Climatology |publisher=Ghana Meteorological Services Department |accessdate=31 December 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Guinea}} | {{convert|2.5|C|F}} | [[Bareing]] | 2 Januar 1982<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109004730/http://www.meteo-guinee-conakry.net/DMN/records.htm |archivedate=9 January 2007 |url=http://www.meteo-guinee-conakry.net/DMN/records.htm |title=Quelques Records en Guinée |publisher=Météorologie Nationale, République de Guinée |language=French |accessdate=31 December 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Lesotho}} | {{convert|-21.0|C|F}} | ? | ?<ref name="lesotho">{{cite web |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/lesnc1.pdf |title= Lesotho – National report on climate change |publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources |date=April 2000 |accessdate=25 December 2016}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Morocco}} | {{convert|-23.9|C|F}} | [[Ifrane]] | 11 Februar 1935<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/africa-lowest-temperature |title=WMO Region I (Africa): Lowest Temperature |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=25 December 2016}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Niger}} | {{convert|-2.4|C|F}} | [[Bilma]] | {{Dts|13 Januar 1995}}<ref name=nigerCC/> |- | {{flag|Réunion}} | {{convert|-5.0|C|F}} | [[Gite de Bellecome]] | {{Dts|10 September 1975}}<ref name=reunionrecords/> |- | {{flag|Sooth Africae}} | {{convert|-20.1|C|F}} | [[Buffelsfontein]], near [[Molteno, Eastren Cape|Molteno]], [[Eastren Cape]] | 23 August 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mybroadband.co.za/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=76495&d=1381902030|title=New minimum temperature record for South Africa |accessdate=12 June 2014}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Sudan}} | {{convert|-1.0|°C|°F}} | [[Zalingei]] | December 1961 an Januar 1962<ref name=faosudan>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/counprof/sudan/sudan.htm |title=Sudan |work=Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization |accessdate=22 October 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016075150/http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Counprof/Sudan/sudan.htm |archivedate=16 October 2016 }}</ref> |} ==== Antarcticae ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- |{{flag|Antarcticae}} |{{convert|-89.2|C|F}} <!-- Please do not change this record without reaching consensus on the talk page. Recent satellite measurements below this figure, while gaining a lot of publicity, are not considered official (by the WMO, for example) and are not comparable with ground-based measurements. See the article "Lowest temperature recorded on Earth", the footnote below the table, or the source cited in the lead, for details. --> |[[Vostok Station]] |21 Julie 1983<ref name="NCDC"/><ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book"/><ref>{{cite journal | author=Budretsky, A.B. | title=New absolute minimum of air temperature | journal=Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition | url=http://www.aari.aq/publication/abs_min/abs_min.html | issue=105 | year=1984 | location=Leningrad | publisher=[[Gidrometeoizdat]] | language=Russian | access-date=2015-07-22 | archive-date=2009-02-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227071811/http://www.aari.aq/publication/abs_min/abs_min.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>{{refn |group="notes" | This temperature is conseedert the lawest iver offeecially recordit in Antarctica an in the Warld, as it was perceived bi grund-poseetioned thermometers in 1983. [[Satellite]] analyses made on 10 August 2010 pyntit tae a temperatur o −93.2&nbsp;°C (−135.8&nbsp;°F) near [[Dome F]] in [[Queen Maud Land]], but this record is nae offeecially leetit acause it wis meisurt by [[remote sensin]] methods that are nae totally consistent, unlik the 1983 temperatur. See [[Lawest temperatur recorded on Yird]] for details.}} |- |Dome A |{{convert|-82.5|C|F}} |[[Dome A]] | Julie 2005<ref>{{cite web|author=Web Team |url=http://www.aad.gov.au/weather/aws/dome-a/index.html |title=''Australian Antarctic Division'' |publisher=Aad.gov.au |date=5 September 2005 |accessdate=20 August 2010}}</ref> |- |[[Sooth Pole]] |{{convert|-82.8|C|F}} |[[Amundsen–Scott Sooth Pole Station]] |23 Juin 1982<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nsf.gov/od/opp/support/southp.jsp |title=''Office of Polar Programs'' |publisher=Nsf.gov |accessdate=20 August 2010 |archive-date=2020-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414060623/https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/support/southp.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} ==== Asie ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- | {{flag|Afghanistan}} | {{convert|-52.2|C|F}} | [[Shahrak Destrict|Shahrak]] | {{Dts|Januar 1964}}<ref name="afghan record" /> |- | {{flag|Armenie}} | {{convert|-42.0|C|F}} | [[Paghakn]] an [[Ashocq]] | {{Dts|1961}}<ref name=ArmeniaCC/> |- |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |{{convert|-33.0|C|F}} |Julfa an Ordubad |?<ref name=azhydromet/> |- | {{flag|Bangladesh}} | {{convert|2.6|C|F}} | [[Tetulia Upazila]] | 8 Januar 2018<ref>{{cite news |title=Cold claims 8 more |accessdate=8 January 2018 |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/country/lowest-temperature-in-bangladesh-bd-on-january-8-2018-recorded-3-degree-celsius-in-nilphamari-1516666 }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Cheenae}} | {{convert|-58|C|F}} | [[Genhe]], [[Inner Mongolie]] | 31 December 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20180123000102-260309/ |title=大陸冷極 內蒙根河室內外溫差90℃ - 中時電子報 |work=Chinatimes.com |date=23 January 2018 |accessdate=22 February 2019}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Hong Kong}} | {{convert|-6.0|C|F}} | [[Tai Mo Shan]] | 24 January 2016<ref>{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mSpjtXUOu98|title=多雨極寒的一月|date=5 February 2016|via=YouTube}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Indie}} | {{convert|-44.9|C|F}} | [[Dras]], [[Jammu an Kashmir]] | 22 Mairch 1911<ref name="IMD">{{cite journal |last1=De |first1=U. |last2=Dube |first2=R. |last3=Rao |first3=G. |title=Extreme Weather Events over India in the last 100 years |url=http://www.igu.in/9-3/3usde.pdf |journal=Journal of Indian Geophysical Union |year=2005 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=173–187 |access-date=31 October 2016 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304231319/http://www.igu.in/9-3/3usde.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Iran}} | {{convert|-36.0|C|F}} | [[Saqqez]] | 1972<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://danakhabar.com/fa/news/1163560/%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B7-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DA%A9%DB%8C-%D9%88-%DA%A9%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C-71-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%A7-46-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1|title=رکورد گرمترین و سردترین نقطه ایران مربوط به کی و کجاست؟ / ثبت دمای بالای 71 درجه تا 46 درجه زیر صفر|website=danakhabar.com}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Israel}} | {{convert|-14.2|C|F}} | [[Merom Golan]] | 10 Januar 2015<ref>Judah Ari Gross, [http://www.timesofisrael.com/golan-sees-record-low-temperatures-during-storm/ "Golan sees record low temperatures during storm"], The Times of Israel, 12 January 2015.</ref> |- | {{flag|Japan}} | {{convert|-41.0|C|F}} | [[Asahikawa]], [[Hokkaidō]] | 25 Januar 1902<ref name="JMA"/> |- |{{flag|Jordan}} |{{convert|-16.0|C|F}} |[[Shoubak]] |{{Dts|15 December 2013}}<ref name=Jordanrecords/> |- | {{flag|Kuwait}} | {{convert|-4.8|C|F}} | [[Salmy]] | 3 Januar 2009<ref name=kuwaitclimate>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213163824/https://www.met.gov.kw/Climate/climate_hist.php?lang=eng |archivedate=13 February 2019 |url=https://www.met.gov.kw/Climate/climate_hist.php?lang=eng |title=Climate History |publisher=Kuwait Meteorological Department |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |{{convert|-53.6|C|F}} |? |?<ref name=":0" /> |- | {{flag|Malaysie}} | {{convert|7.8|C|F}} | [[Cameron Hielands]] | 1 February 1978<ref name="climate stats 01"/> |- | {{flag|Maldives}} | {{convert|17.2|C|F}} | [[Hulhulé Island]], locatit at [[Ibrahim Nasir Internaitional Airport]] | 11 Apryle 1978<ref name=Maldivesclimate>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127214507/http://www.meteorology.gov.mv/climateofmaldives |archivedate=27 November 2016 |url=http://www.meteorology.gov.mv/climateofmaldives |title=Climate of Maldives |publisher=Maldives Meteorological Service |accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Mongolie}} | {{convert|-55.3|C|F}} | [[Züüngovi, Uvs|Züüngovi]], [[Uvs Province]] | 31 December 1976<ref name=MARCC/><ref name=MongoliaNC>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015000101/https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2018%20Mongolia%20TNC%20EN.pdf |archivedate=15 October 2018 |url=https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2018%20Mongolia%20TNC%20EN.pdf |title=Mongolia Third National Communication |publisher= Ministry of Environment and Tourism |accessdate=14 October 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Myanmar}} | {{convert|-57.9|C|F}} | [[Hkakabo Razi]] | unknown<ref>{{cite web |url=https://livingasean.com/explore/asean-winter-snow-in-the-tropics/ |title=ASEAN Winter Snow in the Tropics |website=Living ASEAN |access-date=2019-07-31 |archive-date=2018-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925191255/http://livingasean.com/explore/asean-winter-snow-in-the-tropics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Nepal}} | {{convert|-26.0|C|F}} | [[Thakmarpha]], [[Mustang destrict]] | ?<ref name=faoNepal/> |- | {{flag|North Korea}} | {{convert|-43.6|C|F}} | [[Chunggangjin]] | 12 January 1933<ref>{{cite web |author=선종일 |url=http://user.chollian.net/~jis0523/korea-climate.htm |title=Korean Climate |publisher=User.chollian.net |date=1 August 1942 |accessdate=29 January 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229002124/http://user.chollian.net/~jis0523/korea-climate.htm |archivedate=29 December 2011 }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Pakistan}} | {{convert|-24|C|F}} | [[Skardu]] | 7 January 1995<ref>{{cite web |author=Hamayoon Janjua |url=https://crayon.pk/places-with-extreme-low-temperature-in-pakistan/ |title=Pakistan Climate |publisher=crayon.pk |date=30 January 2019 |accessdate=11 May 2018 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705123907/https://crayon.pk/places-with-extreme-low-temperature-in-pakistan/ |archivedate=2019-07-05 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Philippines}} | {{convert|6.3|C|F}} | [[Baguio]] | 18 January 1961<ref name=PhilippinesCC/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Luces|first1=Kim|title='Abnormally cold' temperatures recorded in January|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/346457/scitech/science/abnormally-cold-temperatures-recorded-in-january|accessdate=2 March 2015|publisher=GMA News|date=31 January 2014|quote=However, these are nothing compared to the all-time lowest temperature ever felt in Baguio City and in the Philippines – the 6.3-degree cold felt on January 18, 1961.}}</ref> {{refn |group="notes" |It is reported by local news outlet that temperatures in [[Mt. Pulag]] in the Philippines which is 2,922 meters above sea level plunges as low as {{convert|2.0|C|F}}. PAGASA cannot verify<ref>{{cite news|last1=Yap|first1=DJ|title=Zero in Mt. Pulag? Pagasa clueless|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/346661/zero-in-mt-pulag-pagasa-clueless|accessdate=2 March 2015|work=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=25 January 2013}}</ref>}} |- |{{flag|Qatar}} |{{convert|1.5|C|F}} |[[Abu Samra]] |{{Dts|5 Februar 2017}}<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |- | {{flag|Roushie}} (Siberie) | {{convert|-67.8|C|F}} | [[Verkhoyansk]] an<br/>[[Oymyakon]], baith in [[Sakha Republic]] | 7 February 1892<br/>6 February 1933<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/northern-hemisphere-lowest-temperature |title=Northern Hemisphere: Lowest Temperature |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=25 December 2016}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Saudi Arabie}} | {{convert|-12.0|C|F}} | [[Turaif]] | ?<ref name=SaudiCC>{{cite web |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/saunc2.pdf |title=Second National Communication |publisher=Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |page=2 |accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Singapore}} |{{convert|19.0|C|F}} |[[Paya Lebar]] |{{Dts|14 Februar 1989}}<ref name=MSSrecords/> |- | {{flag|Sooth Korea}} | {{convert|-32.6|C|F}} | [[Yangpyeong]] | 5 January 1981<ref name=kma>{{cite web|url=http://web.kma.go.kr/eng/biz/climate_01.jsp|title=Climate of Korea|publisher=[[Korea Meteorological Administration]]|accessdate=24 July 2010}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Sirie}} | {{convert|-23.0|C|F}} | [[Idlib]] | Januar 1951<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sy.arabiaweather.com/content/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B0-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85-1950|title=أبرد شتاء مر على سوريا منذ عام 1950 !|work=طقس سوريا – طقس العرب}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Taiwan}} |{{convert|-18.4|C|F}} |[[Yushan Naitional Pairk|Yushan]] |{{Dts|31 Januar 1970}}<ref name="ysnp">{{cite web|url=http://www.ysnp.gov.tw/css_en/page.aspx?path=550|title=The Climate|publisher=Yushan National Park|accessdate=22 April 2018|archive-date=2018-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422202523/http://www.ysnp.gov.tw/css_en/page.aspx?path=550|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Thailand}} | {{convert|-1.4|C|F}} | [[Sakon Nakhon Province|Sakon Nakhon]] | 2 Januar 1974<ref name="tmd">{{cite web |url=http://www.tmd.go.th/en/archive/thailand_climate.pdf |title=The Climate of Thailand |publisher=Thai Meteorological Department |accessdate=31 July 2016 |archive-date=2016-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801225446/http://www.tmd.go.th/en/archive/thailand_climate.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |- | {{flag|Turkey}} | {{convert|-46.4|C|F}} | [[Çaldıran (Destrict), Van|Çaldıran]], [[Van Province]] | 9 Januar 1990<ref name="DMIGM"/> |- | {{flag|Turkmenistan}} | {{convert|-36.0|C|F}} | [[Daşoguz Region]] | ?<ref name=TurmenistanCC/> |- | {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | {{convert|-5.4|C|F}} | [[Jebel Jais]] | 3 Februar 2017<ref name=JeffMasters2017records/> |- | {{flag|Vietnam}} | {{convert|-6.1|C|F}} | [[Sa Pa]] | 4 Januar 1974<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imh.ac.vn/b_tintuc_sukien/bb_tt_khkt/mlfolder.2010-01-25.6091843748/mlfolder.2011-01-28.5026715834/mlnews.2011-01-28.5670939729 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312003953/http://www.imh.ac.vn/b_tintuc_sukien/bb_tt_khkt/mlfolder.2010-01-25.6091843748/mlfolder.2011-01-28.5026715834/mlnews.2011-01-28.5670939729 |archivedate=12 March 2012 |title=Vì sao miền Bắc lạnh bất thường? |publisher=Vietnam Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology |language=Vietnamese |accessdate=13 October 2016}}</ref> |} ==== Europe ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Country/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperatur !Toun/Location !Date |- | {{flag|Albanie}} | {{convert|-25.8|C|F}} | ? | <ref> {{cite web|url=https://www.climatechangepost.com/albania/climate-change/ |title=Albania |website=Climate Change Post}} </ref> |- | {{flag|Austrick}} | {{convert|-52.6|C|F}} | [[Grünloch]] doline | 19 Februar 1932<ref name="Central Institution for Meteorology and Geodynamics">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnrm.meteo.fr/icam2007/ICAM2007/extended/manuscript_95.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-07-22 |archive-date=2013-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112200637/http://www.cnrm.meteo.fr/icam2007/ICAM2007/extended/manuscript_95.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Belaroushie}} | {{convert|-42.2|C|F}} | [[Slavnom]], [[Vitsebsk Voblast]] | 17 Januar 1940<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web|author1=Baglasov Andrey |author2=Belov Alexandr |author3=Sinitsa Valentina |author4=Bychenkov Alexandr |url=http://www.pogoda.by/ |title=Department of Hydrometeorology |publisher=Pogoda.by |accessdate=20 August 2010}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Belgium}} | {{convert|-30.1|°C|°F}} | Valley o the [[Lesse]] in [[Rochefort, Belgium|Rochefort]] | 20 Januar 1940<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kmi.be/meteo/view/nl/1119603-Januari.html |title=KMI (Belgian Royal Meteorological Institute) site |publisher=Kmi.be |accessdate=29 January 2012 |archive-date=2015-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928195714/http://www.kmi.be/meteo/view/nl/1119603-Januari.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Bosnie an Herzegovinae}} | {{convert|-42.5|°C|°F}} | [[Igman]] in [[Sarajevo Canton]] | 24 Januar 1963<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108030246/https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/na-igmanu-je-1963-ziva-na-termometru-pala-na-minus-42-5/120210061 |archivedate=8 January 2017 |url=https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/na-igmanu-je-1963-ziva-na-termometru-pala-na-minus-42-5/120210061 |title=Interview with the Federal Hydrometeorological Institute of BiH |publisher=Klix.ba |accessdate=8 January 2017}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Bulgarie}} | {{convert|-38.3|C|F}} | [[Tran, Bulgarie|Tran]] | 25 Januar 1947<ref name="unfccc"/> |- | {{flag|Croatie}} | {{convert|-35.5|C|F}} | [[Čakovec]] | 3 Februar 1929<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/annex_i_natcom_/application/pdf/hrv_nc6.pdf#page=23 |title=Sixth National Communication and First Biennial Report of the Republic of Croatia under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) |publisher=Croatian Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection |language=English |accessdate=2 August 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Cyprus}} | {{convert|-16|C|F}} | ? | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://viborc.com/lowest-temperatures-records-for-every-european-country/ |title=Lowest temperatures – list of records for every European country|accessdate=1 July 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Czech Republic}} | {{convert|-42.2|C|F}} | [[Litvínovice]] | 11 Februar 1929<ref name=autogenerated2 /> |- | {{flag|Denmark}} | {{convert|-31.2|C|F}} | [[Thisted Municipality]], [[North Denmark Region]] | 8 Januar 1982<ref name="dmi"/> |- | {{flag|Estonia}} | {{convert|-43.5|C|F}} | [[Jõgeva]], [[Jõgeva Coonty]] | 17 Januar 1940<ref name=autogenerated3 /> |- | {{flag|Finland}} | {{convert|-51.5|C|F}} | Pokka, [[Kittilä]], [[Lapland (Finland)|Lapland]] | 28 Januar 1999<ref name=fmirecords/> |- | {{flag|France}} | {{convert|-41.0|C|F}} | [[Mouthe]], [[Doubs]] | 17 Januar 1985<ref name="Méteo France">{{cite web |url=http://comprendre.meteofrance.com/pedagogique/dossiers/phenomenes/les_grands_froids?page_id=2764&document_id=4578&portlet_id=18309 |title=MétéoFrance |publisher=Comprendre.meteofrance.com |accessdate=29 January 2012 |archive-date=2009-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513102352/http://comprendre.meteofrance.com/pedagogique/dossiers/phenomenes/les_grands_froids?page_id=2764&document_id=4578&portlet_id=18309 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Germany}} | {{convert|-45.9|C|F}} | [[Funtensee]], [[Berchtesgadener Land]], [[Bavarie]] | 24 December 2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unwetterzentrale.de/uwz/495.html|title=Wetterextreme (Temperaturspanne von bis zu 146,5°C)|author=Andreas Wagner|date=August 2009|publisher=[[Meteomedia AG|MeteoGroup]]|accessdate=11 August 2014}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Greece}} | {{convert|-27.8|C|F}} | [[Ptolemaida]] | 27 Januar 1963<ref name="meteoclub1"/> |- | {{flag|Hungary}} | {{convert|-35|C|F}} | [[Görömbölytapolca]] | 16 Februar 1940<ref name="met.hu"/> |- | {{flag|Iceland}} | {{convert|-37.9|C|F|sigfig=3}} | [[Grímsstaðir]] | 21 Januar 1918<ref name="iceland"/> |- | {{flag|Ireland}} | {{convert|-19.1|C|F}} | [[Markree Castle]], [[County Sligo]] | 16 Januar 1881<ref name="Met Éireann" /> |- | {{flag|Italy}} | {{convert|-49.6|C|F}} | [[Busa Fradusta]], [[Pale di San Martino]] | 10 Februar 2013<ref name="montagna.tv">{{Cite web|url=https://www.montagna.tv/47324/record-di-freddo-in-italia-49-6c-sulle-pale-di-san-martino/|title=Record di freddo in Italia: -49.6°C sulle Pale di San Martino|date=10 May 2013}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Latvie}} | {{convert|-43.2|C|F}} | [[Daugavpils]] | 8 February 1956<ref name="meteolv"/> |- | {{flag|Lithuanie}} | {{convert|-42.9|C|F}} | [[Utena, Lithuanie|Utena]], [[Utena Coonty]] | 1 February 1956<ref name="record lithuania" /> |- | {{flag|Malta}} | {{convert|1.4|C|F}} | [[Maltae Internaitional Airport]] | 29 Januar 1981<ref name="MaltaCC"/><ref name=MaltaNSO/> |- | {{flag|Moldovae}} | {{convert|-35.5|°C|°F}} | [[Brătușeni]], [[Edineț Destrict]] | {{Dts|20 Januar 1963}}<ref name=Moldovarecords/> |- | {{flag|Netherlands}} | {{convert|-27.4|C|F}} | [[Winterswijk]] | 27 Januar 1942<ref name="meteonet1">{{cite web|url=http://weergegevens.nl/extremes_day.aspx?station=9999999&extreem=X_TX&order=1&maand=7&dag=25&country=3|title=Dagrecords van het weer van KNMI stations in Nederland|work=weergegevens.nl}}</ref> |- | {{flag|North Macedonie}} | {{convert|-31.5|C|F}} | [[Berovo]], [[Berovo Municipality]] | 27 Januar 1954<ref name="meteomk">{{cite web |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20070819153102/http://www.meteo.gov.mk/MeterolKlimaEkstremni.asp |archivedate=19 August 2007 |url=http://www.meteo.gov.mk/MeterolKlimaEkstremni.asp?X=1 |title=Климатски екстреми |publisher=Hydrometeorological Service |language=Macedonian |accessdate=4 February 2010 }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Norawa}} | {{convert|-51.4|C|F}} | [[Karasjok]], [[Finnmark]] | 1 Januar 1886<ref name="DNMI" /> |- | {{flag|Poland}} | {{convert|-41.0|C|F}} | [[Siedlce]], [[Masovian Voivodeship]] | 11 Januar 1940<ref name="klimat.geo.uj.edu.pl"/> |- | {{flag|Portugal}} | {{convert|-16.0|C|F}} | [[Penhas da Saúde]], [[Covilhã Municipality]]<br/>[[Miranda do Douro]] | 16 Januar 1945 an 5 Februar 1954<ref name="meteopt">{{cite web |url=http://www.freipedro.pt/tb/301299/soc8.htm |title=Terras da Beira – "Reveillon" português sem chuva, mas a bater o dente de frio |date=27 March 2014 |accessdate=31 March 2014 |language=pt |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812052145/http://www.freipedro.pt/tb/301299/soc8.htm |archivedate=12 August 2010 }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Romanie}} | {{convert|-38.5|C|F}} | [[Bod, Braşov|Bod]], [[Braşov Coonty]] | 25 January 1942<ref>{{cite web|author=infoTURIST |url=http://www.infoturist.ro/romania.html |title=Romania |publisher=Infoturist.ro |date=25 January 1942 |accessdate=20 August 2010}}</ref> |- | {{flagdeco|Roushie}} [[European Roushie]] | {{convert|-58.1|C|F}} | [[Ust' Shchugor]], [[Komi Republic]] | 31 December 1978<ref name="WMO"/> |- | {{flag|Serbie}} | {{convert|-39.5|C|F}} | [[Karajukica Bunari]], [[Zlatibor Destrict]] | 13 Januar 1985<ref name="hidmet"/> |- | {{flag|Slovakie}} | {{convert|-41.0|C|F}} | [[Vígľaš|Vígľaš-Pstruša]] | 11 Februar 1929<ref name=slovakrecord/> |- | {{flag|Slovenie}} | {{convert|-34.5|C|F}} | [[Babno Polje]] | 15 Februar 1956 / 16 Februar 1956 / 13 Januar 1968{{refn |group="notes" |The lawest unoffeecially meisurt temperatur in Slovenie wis recordit at [[Komna]] on 9 Januar 2009 an reached {{convert|-49|C}}.}}<ref name="ARSO">{{cite web |url=http://www.arso.gov.si/vreme/podnebje/slo_vremenski_rekordi.pdf |title=Slovenski vremenski rekordi |publisher=Slovenian Environment Agency |language=Slovenian |page=2 |accessdate=22 October 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001118/http://www.arso.gov.si/vreme/podnebje/slo_vremenski_rekordi.pdf |archivedate=4 March 2016 }}</ref> |- | {{flag|Spain}} | {{convert|-30|C|F}} | [[Calamocha]] Airport, [[Province o Teruel|Teruel Province]] | 17 December 1963<ref name="AEMET">{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/documentos/es/divulgacion/resumen_efemerides/Resumen_extremos.pdf |title=Resumen de extremos climatológicos en España |publisher=Agencia Estatal de Meteorología |language=Spanish |accessdate=31 October 2016}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Sweden}} | {{convert|-52.6|C|F}} | [[Vuoggatjålme]], [[Lapland (Swaden)|Lappland]] | 2 Februar 1966<ref name="SMHI"/> |- | {{flag|Swisserland}} | {{convert|-41.8|C|F}} | [[La Brévine]] | 12 Januar 1987<ref name="Weather in Switzerland"/> |- | {{flag|Ukraine}} | {{convert|-41.9|C|F}} | [[Luhansk]] | 8 Januar 1935<ref name=cgo/><ref name="segodnya1">{{cite web|url=http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14068460.html |title=Погодные рекорды Украины &#124; Новости Украины &#124; СЕГОДНЯ |publisher=Segodnya.ua |accessdate=20 August 2010}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Unitit Kinrick}} | {{convert|-27.2|C|F}} | [[Braemar]], [[Aberdeenshire]]<br/>[[Altnaharra]], [[Sutherland]] | 11 Februar 1895<br>10 Januar 1982<br/>30 December 1995<ref name="UK Met Office"/> |} ==== North Americae ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperatur !Toun/Location ! data-sort-type="ISOdate" | Date |- | {{flag|Antigua an Barbuda}} | {{convert|16.1|C|F}} | [[V. C. Bird Internaitional Airport]], [[Antigua]] | data-sort-value="1974-12-31" | 31 December 1974 and 28 January 1976<ref name=Antiguaclimate/><ref name=Antiguaclimatedata/> |- | {{flag|Canada}} | {{convert|-63.0|C|F}} | [[Snag, Yukon|Snag]], [[Yukon]] | data-sort-value="1947-02-03" | 3 February 1947<ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/north-america-excluding-greenland-lowest-temperature |title=WMO Region IV (North America): Lowest Temperature |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=31 October 2016}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Cayman Islands}} | {{convert|11.1|C|F}} | [[Owen Roberts Internaitional Airport]], [[Grand Cayman]] | ?<ref name=Caymanclimate>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.gov.ky/portal/page/portal/nwshome/climate|title=Climate|publisher=National Weather Service (Cayman Islands Government)|accessdate=30 October 2016|archive-date=2016-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031033225/http://www.weather.gov.ky/portal/page/portal/nwshome/climate|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Cuba}} | {{convert|0.6|C|F}} | Bainoa, [[Mayabeque Province]] | data-sort-value="1996-02-18" | 18 February 1996<ref name=Cubarecords/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/red/tiempo/programa_y_articulos_en_pdf.pdf |title = III Congreso Cubano de Meteorología |page = 36 | publisher = ACQ & Asociados | language = Spanish |trans-title=Third Cuban Congress of Meteorology |accessdate=27 October 2011 |quote = Desde el punto de vista sinóptico, se realizó un estudio del día 18 de febrero de 1996, cuando se registraron temperaturas notablemente frías en la región occidental, y muy frías en el resto del país. Ese día, en la estación meteorológica de Bainoa se registró el record nacional de 0.6°C.}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Dominican Republic}} | {{convert|-7.0|C|F}} | Valle Nuevo, [[La Vega Province]] | data-sort-value="1983-01-17" | 17 January 1983<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cassá Bernaldo de Quirós|first1=Constancio|title=Valle Nuevo: su historia y naturaleza|journal=Clío|date=July 2012|issue=184|page=222|url=http://clio.academiahistoria.org.do/trabajos/clio184/Clio_2012_No_184-07.pdf|accessdate=29 January 2015|publisher=Academia Dominicana de la Historia|language=Spanish|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216100933/http://clio.academiahistoria.org.do/trabajos/clio184/Clio_2012_No_184-07.pdf|archivedate=16 February 2015}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Greenland}} | {{convert|-66.1|C|F}} | [[North Ice]] | data-sort-value="1954-01-09" | 9 Januar 1954<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/wmo-region-6-lowest-temperature |title=WMO Region VI (Europe): Lowest Temperature |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=31 October 2016}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Guatemala}} | {{convert|-11.5|C|F}} | [[Olintepeque]], [[Quetzaltenango Department]] | ?<ref name="INSIVUMEH">{{cite web|url= http://www.insivumeh.gob.gt/meteorologia/ESTADISTICAS.htm |title= Datos metorologicos de los departamentos |publisher= INSIVUMEH |language= spanish |accessdate=26 October 2011}}</ref> <!-- Note: THIS PAGE IS FOR OFFICIAL RECORDS ONLY, NOT REMOTELY SENSED OBSERVATIONS for example: http://www.aztecanoticias.com.mx/notas/estados/193862/madera-el-lugar-mas-frio-de-mexico "aunque pocos lo saben porque aquí no hay medidor oficial", Translation: "though few know it because there is no official measurer" The source itself states that the record is not official! --> |- |{{flag|Martinique}} |{{convert|14.1|C|F}} |[[Le Lamentin]] |{{Dts|25 December 1964}}<ref name=martiniqueclimate/> |- | {{flag|Panama}} | {{convert|2.0|C|F}} | Bajo Grande, [[Chiriquí Province]] | data-sort-value="1995-02-20" | 20 February 1995<ref name=ETESA/> |- | {{flag|Puerto Rico}} | {{convert|40|F|C|order=flip}} | [[Aibonito]]/[[San Sebastián, Puerto Rico|San Sebastian]] | data-sort-value="1911-03-09" | 9 March 1911/ 24 January 1966<ref name=NWSpuertorico/> |- | {{flag|US Virgin Islands}} | {{convert|51.0|F|C|order=flip}} | [[Anna's Hope, U.S. Virgin Islands|Anna's Hope]], [[Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands|Saint Croix]] | data-sort-value="1954-01-31" | 31 January 1954<ref name=NWSpuertorico/> |- | {{flag|Unitit States}}<br> ({{flag|Alaska}}) | {{convert|-62.2|C|F}} | [[Prospect Creek, Alaska|Prospect Creek]], [[Alaska]] | data-sort-value="1971-01-23" | 23 January 1971<ref name="NCEC">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/extremes/ncec/records |title=National Climate Extremes Committee: Existing Records |publisher=[[National Climatic Data Center]] |accessdate=25 December 2016}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Unitit States}}<br> ({{flag|Hawaii}}) | {{convert|-11.1|C|F}} | [[Mauna Kea]], [[Hawaii]] | data-sort-value="1979-05-17" | 17 May 1979<ref name=usstaterecords>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221174428/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/extremes/scec/records |archivedate=21 February 2018 |url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/extremes/scec/records |title=State Climate Extremes Committee (SCEC): Records by State |publisher=National Climatic Data Center |accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Unitit States}}<br> (Mainland) | {{convert|-57.0|C|F}} | [[Rogers Pass (Montana)|Rogers Pass]], [[Montana]] | data-sort-value="1954-01-20" | 20 January 1954<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/tfx/tx.php?wfo=tfx&type=html&loc=text&fx=topweather| title = Top Ten Montana Weather Events of the 20th Century | work =National Weather Service Unveils Montana's Top Ten Weather/Water/Climate Events of the 20th Century | publisher = National Weather Service |accessdate=9 March 2007}}</ref> |} ==== Sooth Americae ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperature !Toun/Location !Date |- | {{flag|Argentinae}} | {{convert|-32.8|C|F}} | [[Sarmiento, Chubut|Sarmiento]], [[Chubut Province]] | 1 Juin 1907<ref>{{cite web |publisher= Arizona State University |url= http://wmo.asu.edu/#continental |title= World Meteorological Organization Global Weather & Climate Extremes Archive |accessdate= 7 June 2015}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Brazil}} | {{convert|-14.0|C|F}} | [[Caçador]], [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] | 11 Juin 1952<ref name="Caçador municipality">{{cite web |title = História de Caçador |url = http://www.clicrbs.com.br/anoticia/jsp/default.jsp?uf=2&local=18&section=Geral&newsID=a2969554.xml |publisher = A Notícia |language = Portuguese |trans-title = Quarta-feira pode ter recorde de temperatura mínima neste ano em Santa Catarina |year = 2010 |accessdate = 22 December 2010 |quote = Caçador has the lowest recorded temperature, officially, in Brazil, of −14&nbsp;°C in 1952. Another record, unofficial, of −17.8&nbsp;°C in 1996-06-29, at the summit of [[Morro da Igreja]], [[Urubici]], also in [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]], would give the record to this locality. |archive-date = 2011-06-29 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110629103211/http://www.clicrbs.com.br/anoticia/jsp/default.jsp?uf=2&local=18&section=Geral&newsID=a2969554.xml |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ciram.epagri.sc.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=140&Itemid=364|title=Recordes de Frio em SC|accessdate=17 October 2014}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Chile}} | {{convert|-37|C|F|1}} | [[Coyhaique Alto]], [[Aysen Region]] | 21 June 2002<ref>{{cite news|title=Bajas temperaturas ponen en alerta a sector agrícola en Aysén|url=http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/2002/06/21/88368/bajas-temperaturas-ponen-en-alerta-a-sector-agricola-en-aysen.html|accessdate=18 August 2017|language=Spanish|archive-date=2017-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818093531/http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/2002/06/21/88368/bajas-temperaturas-ponen-en-alerta-a-sector-agricola-en-aysen.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | {{flag|French Guiana}} | {{convert|16.9|C|F}} | [[Maripasoula]] | 23 Januar 1964<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101020827/http://www.meteofrance.gp/documents/3714888/5579049/Climat973_2pages.pdf/0073f8b7-66af-4487-93e7-36a3c32d44e0 |archivedate=1 January 2019 |url= http://www.meteofrance.gp/documents/3714888/5579049/Climat973_2pages.pdf/0073f8b7-66af-4487-93e7-36a3c32d44e0 |title= Le Climat Guyanais |publisher=Météo-France |language=French |accessdate= 31 December 2018}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Paraguay}} | {{convert|-7.5|C|F}} | [[Pratts Gill]], [[Boquerón Depairtment]] | 13 Julie 2000<ref>{{es icon}} [http://www.lanacion.com.py/articulo.php?con-12-grados-bajo-cero-en-asuncion-la-ola-polar-l&edicion=2&sec=10&art=28339 Con 1,2 grados bajo cero en Asunción, la ola polar llegó para quedarse] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102005334/http://www.lanacion.com.py/articulo.php?con-12-grados-bajo-cero-en-asuncion-la-ola-polar-l&edicion=2&sec=10&art=28339 |date=2 January 2013 }}, La Nación. Retrieved 12 February 2012.</ref> |- | {{flag|Peru}} | {{convert|-25.2|C|F}} | [[Mazo Cruz]], [[Puno Region]] | 30 Juin 1966<ref>[http://bvpad.indeci.gob.pe/doc/pdf/esp/doc320/doc320_4b.pdf Programa de Capacitación Para la Estimación del Riesgo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725004314/http://bvpad.indeci.gob.pe/doc/pdf/esp/doc320/doc320_4b.pdf |date=25 July 2011 }}, Biblioteca Virtual en Prevención y Atención de Desastres (BVPAD). Retrieved 30 August 2009.</ref> |- | {{flag|Uruguay}} | {{convert|-11.0|C|F}} | [[Melo, Uruguay|Melo]], [[Cerro Largo Depairtment]] | 14 Juin 1967<ref name=uruguayrecordssum/><ref name=uruguayrecordsraw/> |- | {{flag|Venezuela}} | {{convert|-12.0|C|F}} | [[Pico Piedras Blancas|Piedras Blancas]], [[Estado Mérida (Venezuela)|estado Mérida]] | 15 Januar 2010<ref name="mherrera"/> |} ==== Oceanie ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Kintra/Region !data-sort-type="number" | Temperature !Toun/Location !Date |- | {{flag|Australie}} | {{convert|-23.0|C|F}} | [[Charlotte Pass, New Sooth Wales]] | 29 Juin 1994<ref name="BoMExtremes"/> |- | {{flag|New Zealand}} | {{convert|-25.6|C|F}} | [[Ranfurly, New Zealand|Ranfurly]], [[Central Otago]] | 18 Julie 1903<ref name="TVNZ">{{cite web|url=http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/new-record-zealand-s-coldest-day-4297892 |title=New record for New Zealand's coldest day |publisher=TVNZ |date=12 July 2011 |accessdate=12 July 2011}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Samoa}} | {{convert|11.1|C|F}} | [[Afiamalu, Samoa|Afiamalu]] | {{Dts|29 September 1971}}<ref name = WBsamoaclimate/> |} ===Ither law-temperatur records=== * '''Fastest temperatur drop:''' 27.2&nbsp;°C (49&nbsp;°F) in 5 meenits; [[Rapid City, Sooth Dakota]], 10 Januar 1911.<ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book"/> * '''Cauldest simmer (month o Julie in the Northren Hemisphere)''': {{convert|-33|C|F|1}} degrees; [[Summit Camp]], Greenland on 4 Julie 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=*Impressive cold in Greenland and near record accumulations of snow and ice|url=https://www.vencoreweather.com/blog/2017/7/6/115-pm-impressive-cold-in-greenland-and-near-record-accumulations-of-snow-and-ice|website=vencore weather|accessdate=29 July 2017}}</ref> ==Precipitation== * '''Least per year (locale)''': {{convert|0.2|mm|in}} per year or less, [[Quillagua]], [[Antofagasta Region]], [[Chile]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Time to Update World’s Driest and Wettest Locations?|url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=131|publisher=Weather Underground|accessdate=10 June 2013|author=Christopher C. Burt|archive-date=2013-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329022116/http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=131|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Rain=== * '''Maist in ane minute''': {{convert|38|mm|in|abbr=on}}; Barot, [[Guadeloupe]], 26 November 1970.<ref>{{cite web|title=Service Hydrologique de 1’O.R.S.T.O.M: Intensité extraordinaire de la précipitation du 26 novembre 1970 dans la région des Grands-Fonds de Guadeloupe|url=http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_4/hydrologie/14877.pdf|accessdate=4 June 2013}}</ref> * '''Maist in ane oor''': {{convert|305|mm|in|abbr=on}} in 42 minutes. [[Holt, Missouri]], Unitit States, 22 Juin 1947.<ref name="WMO"/> * '''Maist in 12 oors''': {{convert|1144|mm|in|abbr=on}}; [[Cilaos]], [[Réunion]], 8 Januar 1966, during [[tropical cyclone]] Denise.<ref name="WMO"/> * '''Maist in 24 oors''': {{convert|1825|mm|in|abbr=on}}; [[Cilaos]], Réunion, 7–8 Januar 1966, during [[tropical cyclone]] Denise.<ref name="WMO"/> * '''Maist in 48 oors''': {{convert|2493|mm|in|abbr=on}}; [[Cherrapunji]], [[Meghalaya]], Indie, 15–16 Juin 1995.<ref name="WMO"/> * '''Maist in 72 oors''': {{convert|3929|mm|in|abbr=on}}; Commerson, [[Réunion]], 24–26 Februar 2007.<ref name="WMO"/> * '''Maist in 96 oors''': {{convert|4869|mm|in|abbr=on}}; Commerson, Réunion, 24–27 Februar 2007.<ref name="WMO"/> * '''Maist in ane year''': {{convert|26470|mm|in|abbr=on}}; [[Cherrapunji]], [[Meghalaya]], Indie, 1860–1861.<ref name="WMO"/> * '''Heichest average annual tot''': {{convert|11872|mm|in|abbr=on}}; [[Mawsynram]], [[Meghalaya]], Indie.<ref name="WMO"/> ===Snaw=== * '''Maist in ane-year period''': 31.5 meters (102&nbsp;ft); [[Mount Rainier]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], United States, 19 Februar 1971 tae 18 Februar 1972.<ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book"/> * '''Maist in ane saison (1 Julie – 30 Juin):''' 29.0&nbsp;meters, (95&nbsp;ft); [[Mount Baker]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], United States, 1998 throu 1999.<ref name="season snow record">{{Citation | last = Burt | first = Christopher | year = 2004 | title = Extreme Weather: A Guide and Record Book | publisher = W.W. Norton & Co. | ISBN = 0-393-32658-6 |page=77 }}</ref> * '''Maist in ane calendar month''' an '''greatest snow depth''' in North Americae: 990.6&nbsp;cm (390 inches) o snaw fell in [[Tamarack, Californie]] in Januar 1911, leadin tae a snaw depth in Mairch o 1145.5&nbsp;cm (451 inches).<ref name="season snow record"/><ref>Frank H. Forrester, ''1001 Questions Answered about the Weather'' (ISBN 0486242188), page 235: "The greatest amount of snowfall for a calendar month occurred at Tamarack, California, in January, 1911—390 inches."</ref> ==Wind speed== * '''Fastest ever recorded''': 484[[±]]32&nbsp;km/h (301[[±]]20&nbsp;mph) 3-second gust; Observed bi a [[Doppler On Wheels|DOW]] ([[Doppler weather radar|Doppler]] On Wheels) radar unit in a [[1999 Bridge Creek – Moore tornado|tornado]] near [[Oklahoma City]], Oklahoma on 3 Mey 1999.<ref name="fastest wind">{{cite web| url = http://cswr.org/dow/DOW.htm| title = Doppler On Wheels| accessdate = 18 February 2007| author = [http://cswr.org/ Center for Severe Weather Research]| year = 2006| archive-date = 2007-02-05| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070205124033/http://www.cswr.org/dow/dow.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref> * '''Fastest recorded wi an [[anemometer]]:''' 113.2&nbsp;m/s or {{convert|407|km/h|abbr=on}} 3-second gust; ane of five extreme gusts during a series of 5-min time periods; [[Barrow Island (Western Australia)]], 10 Aprile 1996, during [[Cyclone Olivia]].<ref>[http://wmo.asu.edu/world-maximum-surface-wind-gust World: Maximum Surface Wind Gust (3-Second)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175240/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-maximum-surface-wind-gust |date=2016-03-03 }} at the World Meteorological Organization website</ref> * '''Fastest recorded wi an anemometer ootside a [[tropical cyclone]]:''' 372&nbsp;km/h (231&nbsp;mph) sustained 1-minute average; [[Mount Washington (New Hampshire)|Mount Washington]], [[New Hampshire]], 12 Aprile 1934.<ref name="101 earth facts">{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/101_earth_facts_030722-1.html |title=101 Amazing Earth Facts |publisher=SPACE.com |accessdate=20 August 2010}}</ref> * '''Fastest daily average:''' 174&nbsp;km/h (108&nbsp;mph); [[Port Martin]] ([[Adélie Land]]), Antarctica, 24-oor period frae 21 Mairch 1951 tae 22 Mairch 1951.<ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book"/> ==Tornadoes== {{Main|Tornado records}} [[File:Tri-State Tornado.JPG|thumb|250px|The Tri-State Tornado haulds mony records, includin the langest kent tornado track, fastest speed for a signeeficant tornado, an the deadliest tornado ootside o [[Bangladesh]].]] ===Deadliest in history=== * '''On Yird''': Approximately 1300 daiths; [[Manikganj Destrict]], Bangladesh on 26 Aprile 1989.<ref name="tornado project Bangladesh">{{cite web |url=http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/bangladesh.htm |title=Tornadoes in Bangladesh |publisher=Tornadoproject.com |accessdate=20 August 2010 |archive-date=2012-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919111413/http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/bangladesh.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''In North Americae:''' 695 daiths ([[Tri-State Tornado]]); [[Missouri]], [[Illinois]], [[Indiana]], United States 18 Mairch 1925.<ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book"/> * '''In Europe:''' 600 or mair ([[Valletta, Malta Tornado|Grand Harbour Tornado]]); [[Valletta]], Malta, 23 September 1551 or 1556 (soorces conflict)<ref name="TORRO records">{{cite web |url=http://www.torro.org.uk/TORRO/research/whirlextreme.php |title=Research: Tornado Extremes |publisher=TORRO |accessdate=20 August 2010 |archive-date=2007-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814075710/http://www.torro.org.uk/TORRO/research/whirlextreme.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''In Sooth Americae:''' 63 daiths, [[San Justo, Santa Fe|San Justo]], [[Santa Fe, Argentina|Santa Fe]], Argentina, 10 Januar 1973<ref name="Uno Santafe">{{cite web|url=http://www.unosantafe.com.ar/santafe/A-39-aos-del-tornado-en-San-Justo-el-unico-F5-en-toda-Sudamerica-y-Latinoamerica-20120110-0002.html"|title=A 39 años del tornado en San Justo, el único F5 en toda Sudamérica y Latinoamérica|publisher=Uno Santa Fe|accessdate=18 March 2014}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * '''In Australie:''' Three daiths, [[Kin Kin]], [[Queensland]] tornado, 14 August 1971<ref>{{cite web |author=National Climate Centre |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/storm1.htm |title=Australian Climate Extremes-Storm |publisher=BOM |accessdate=3 September 2012 |archiveurl=https://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/96122/20090317-1643/www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/storm1.html |archivedate=2009-03-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Ootbreaks=== * '''Lairgest an maist severe:''' The [[Aprile 25–28, 2011 tornado outbreak]]: 207 confirmed tornadoes occurred in a span o 24 oors, wi a tot o 337 occurrin throuoot the duration o the ootbreak. Thay affectit sax US states, an includit 11 [[Enhanced Fujita scale|EF4s]] an 4 EF5s.<ref>[http://wmo.asu.edu/tornado-largest-tornado-outbreak World: Largest tornado Outbreak] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926235427/http://wmo.asu.edu/tornado-largest-tornado-outbreak |date=2013-09-26 }} at the World Meteorological Organization website</ref> ==Tropical cyclones== {{Main|Leet o tropical cyclone records}} ===Maist intense (bi minimum surface air pressur)=== * '''Maist intense iver recordit''': 870&nbsp;hPa (25.63&nbsp;[[Inches o mercury|inHg]]); [[ee (cyclone)|ee]] o [[Typhoon Tip|Super Typhoon Tip]] ower the Pacific Ocean, 12 October 1979.<ref name="Handy Weather Answer Book"/> * '''Maist intense in the [[Western Hemisphere]]:''' 872&nbsp;hPa (25.75&nbsp;inHg); ee o [[Hurricane Patricia]] ower the eastren Paceefic Ocean, 23 October 2015.<ref name="strongest hurricane">{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/hurricane-patricia-mexico-coast |title=Catastrophic Landfall Expected in Mexico Friday; Patricia Becomes Strongest Hurricane Ever Recorded |publisher=weather.com |accessdate=23 October 2015}}</ref> * '''Maist intense iver recordit on laund:''' 892&nbsp;hPa (26.35&nbsp;inHg); Craig's Key, Florida, ee o the [[Labor Day Hurricane o 1935|Labor Day Hurricane]], 2 September 1935. While ither laundfawin tropical cyclones potentially haed lawer pressurs, data is vague frae auries ither nor the [[Atlantic basin]], especially afore the invention o [[wather satellite]]s.<ref name="lowest on land">{{cite web |url=http://extremeweatherguide.com/records.asp |title=Extreme Weather: A Guide and Record Book |publisher=Extremeweatherguide.com |accessdate=20 August 2010 |archive-date=2010-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804232406/http://extremeweatherguide.com/records.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Ither severe wather== [[File:Hailstone.jpg|thumb|right|A pictur o the Aurora, Nebraska hailstone, measurt at {{convert|18.75|in|cm|disp=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} in [[circumference]]]] ===Hail=== {{Main|Leet o costly or deadly hailstorms}} * '''Hiviest offeecially recordit:''' {{convert|2.25|lb|kg|disp=flip|abbr=on}}; [[Gopalganj Destrict (Bangladesh)|Gopalganj Destrict]], Bangladesh, 14 Aprile 1986.<ref name="weather extremes">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/research/Guide/weatherextremes.pdf|title=Appendix I – Weather Extremes|publisher=[[National Weather Service]]|location=San Diego, California|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528065516/http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/research/Guide/weatherextremes.pdf|archivedate=2008-05-28|accessdate=1 June 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''Lairgest diameter offeecially measurt:''' {{convert|8.0|in|cm|disp=flip|abbr=on}} [[diameter]], {{convert|18.625|in|cm|disp=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} [[circumference]]; [[Vivian, Sooth Dakota]], 23 Julie 2010.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.crh.noaa.gov/abr/?n=stormdamagetemplate| title = Record Setting Hail Event in Vivian, South Dakota on July&nbsp;23, 2010| author = NWS| date = 30 July 2010| publisher = National Weather Service| location = [[Aberdeen, South Dakota]]| archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5rhd1coDR?url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/abr/?n=stormdamagetemplate| archivedate = 2010-08-03| accessdate = 3 August 2010| url-status = live}}</ref> * '''Lairgest circumference offeecially measurt:''' {{convert|18.75|in|cm|disp=flip|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} circumference, {{convert|7.0|in|cm|disp=flip|abbr=on}} diameter; [[Aurora, Nebraska]], 22 Juin 2003.<ref name="weather extremes"/><ref name="NG Hail">{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/08/0804_030804_largesthailstone.html |title=Largest Hailstone in U.S. History Found |publisher=News.nationalgeographic.com |accessdate=20 August 2010}}</ref> ===Lichtnin=== * '''Langest lichtnin bowt''': {{convert|321|km|mi|abbr=on}} on 20 Juin 2007 in [[Oklahoma]].<ref name=Lang2016>{{cite journal |last1=Lang |first1=Timothy |last2=Pédeboy |first2=Stéphane |last3=Rison |first3=William |last4=Cerveny |first4=Randall |last5=Montanyà |first5=Joan |last6=Chauzy |first6=Serge |last7=MacGorman |first7=Donald |last8=Holle |first8=Ronald |title= WMO World Record Lightning Extremes: Longest Reported Flash Distance and Longest Reported Flash Duration |journal=[[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]] |volume= 98|issue= 6|pages=1153–1168 |date=September 2016 |doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0061.1 |pmid=28111477 |pmc=5240975 |bibcode =2017BAMS...98.1153L }}</ref><ref name=wmolightning>{{cite news|title=WMO rules on longest distance and longest duration lightning flashes|url=http://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/wmo-rules-longest-distance-and-longest-duration-lightning-flashes|accessdate=16 September 2016|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|date=16 September 2016|archive-date=2016-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917075936/http://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/wmo-rules-longest-distance-and-longest-duration-lightning-flashes|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''Langest duration for a single lichtnin flash''': 7.74 seconds on 30 August 2012 in [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]], Fraunce.<ref name=Lang2016/><ref name=wmolightning/> * '''Maist strikes per year''': [[Catatumbo lichtnin]] in [[Loch Maracaibo]], [[Venezuela]] earned the tap spot receivin an average rate o aboot 233 flashes per square kilometer per year.<ref name="NASA lightning">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2016/earths-new-lightning-capital-revealed.html |title=NASA – Earth's New Lightning Capital Revealed |publisher=Nasa.gov |accessdate=2 May 2016}}</ref><ref name=Albrecht2016>{{cite journal |last1=Albrecht |first1=Rachel |last2=Goodman |first2=Steven |last3=Buechler |first3=Dennis |last4=Blakeslee |first4=Richard |last5=Christian |first5=Hugh |title= Where are the lightning hotspots on Earth? |journal=[[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]] |volume=97 |issue=11 |page= 2051|date=December 2016 |doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00193.1 |bibcode =2016BAMS...97.2051A }}</ref> ===UV=== *On Dec. 29, 2003, a warld-record UV index o 43.3 wis detectit at Bolivia's Licancabur volcano.<ref>http://www.livescience.com/46701-andes-highest-uv-index-measured.html</ref> ==Ither categories== * '''Heichest air pressur ever recorded (abuin 750 meters)''': 1084.8&nbsp;hPa (32.03&nbsp;inHg); [[Tosontsengel, Khövsgöl|Tosontsengel]], [[Khövsgöl Province]], [[Mongolia]], 19 December 2001.<ref name="ASU1">{{cite web |url=http://wmo.asu.edu/highest-sea-lvl-air-pressure-above-700m |title=World: Highest Sea Level Air Pressure Above 750 meters |author= |work= |publisher=Arizona State University |accessdate=7 October 2012 |archive-date=2012-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013225735/http://wmo.asu.edu/highest-sea-lvl-air-pressure-above-700m |url-status=dead }}</ref> This is the equivalent [[sea-level pressur]]; Tosontsengel is locatit at {{convert|1300|m|ft}} abuin sea level. The heichest adjusted-tae-sea-level barometric pressur ever recordit (ablo 750 meters) wis at Agata, Evenhiyskiy, Roushie (66°53’N, 93°28’E, elevation: 261&nbsp;m (856.3&nbsp;ft)) on 31 December 1968 o 1,083.3 hectopascals (hPa) (31.99 inHg).<ref name="ASU2">{{cite web |url=http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-sea-level-air-pressure-below-700m |title=World: Highest Sea Level Air Pressure Below 750 meters |author= |work= |publisher=Arizona State University |accessdate=7 October 2012 |archive-date=2012-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013225154/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-sea-level-air-pressure-below-700m |url-status=dead }}</ref> The discrimination is due tae the problematic assumptions (assumin a staundart lapse rate) associatit wi reduction o sea level frae heich elevations.<ref name="ASU1"/><ref name="ASU2"/> ==See an aa== {{Portal|Wather}} * [[Extremes on Yird]] * [[Leet o extreme temperaturs in Canadae]] * [[UK rainfaw records]] * [[U.S. state temperatur extremes]] * [[Wather extremes in Canadae]] * [[2013 extreme wather events]] ==Notes== {{Reflist|group="notes"}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/monitoring/extremes/ncec.html National Climate Extremes Committee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829221108/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/monitoring/extremes/ncec.html |date=2009-08-29 }} * [http://wmo.asu.edu/ Global Weather & Climate Extremes] (Arizona State Varsity) {{Portal bar|Wather}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leet O Wather Records}} [[Category:Leets o wather records| ]] [[Category:Wather extremes o Yird]] t44dsw5c2zfdoson9dax158uqqn9b6f 0 125191 906284 902546 2025-06-27T16:08:54Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 906284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Election | election_name = 2016 Unitit States presidential election | country = Unitit States | type = presidential | opinion_polls = | ongoing = no <!-- please don't change this --> | previous_election = 2012 Unitit States presidential election | previous_year = 2012 | next_election = 2020 Unitit States presidential election | next_year = 2020 | election_date = 8 November 2016 | flag_year = | votes_for_election = 538 [[electoral votes]] o the [[Electoral College (Unitit States)|Electoral College]] | needed_votes = 270 electoral | turnout = 55.3%<ref name=turnout>Estimate o 138.8 million votes cast an 251.1 million fowk o votin age. This represents an increase in tot votes cast an percentage turnoot frae the 2012 election (130,292,355 votes cast an 241 million fowk o votin age).{{cite web|url=http://www.electproject.org/2016g |title=2016 November General Election Turnout Rates |website=www.electproject.org |date= |accessdate=December 17, 2016}}</ref> (estimatit) {{increase}} 0.4 [[percentage pynt|pp]] <!--Donald Trump --> | image_size = 200x200px | image1 =Donald Trump official portrait (3x4a).jpg<!-- Please don't change infobox images without first discussing on the talk page. --> | nominee1 = '''[[Donald Trump]]''' | party1 = Republican Pairty (Unitit States) | home_state1 = [[New York]] | running_mate1 = '''[[Mike Pence]]''' | electoral_vote1 = '''304'''{{efn|name=pledged|In state-bi-state tallies, Trump earned 306 pledged electors, Clinton 232. Thay lost respectively 2 an 5 votes tae [[Faithless electors in the Unitit States presidential election, 2016|faithless electors]]. Pence an Kaine lost ane an five votes, respectively.}}<ref name="NYT">{{cite news|last1=Schmdt|first1=Kiersten|last2=Andrews|first2=Wilson|title=A Historic Number of Electors Defected, and Most Were Supposed to Vote for Clinton|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html?_r=0|accessdate=December 20, 2016|work=The New York Times|agency=Associated Press|date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> | states_carried1 = '''30 + [[Maine's 2nt congressional destrict|ME-02]]''' | popular_vote1 = 62,985,106 | percentage1 = {{percent|<!-- TRUMP: --> 62,985,106|<!-- TOTAL: --> 137,100,229|1|pad=yes}} <!--Hillary Clinton --> | image2 = Hillary Clinton crop.jpg<!-- Please don't change infobox images without first discussing on the talk page. --> | nominee2 = [[Hillary Clinton]] | running_mate2 = [[Tim Kaine]] | party2 = Democratic Pairty (Unitit States) | home_state2 = [[New York]] | electoral_vote2 = 227{{efn|name=pledged}}<ref name="NYT"/> | states_carried2 = 20 + [[Unitit States presidential election in the Destrict o Columbie, 2016|DC]] | popular_vote2 = '''65,853,625''' | percentage2 = '''{{percent|<!-- CLINTON: --> 65,853,625|<!-- TOTAL: --> 137,100,229|1|pad=yes}}''' | map_image = {{United States presidential election, 2016 imagemap}} | map_size = 350px | map_caption = The electoral cairt for the 2016 election, based on populations frae the [[2010 Unitit States Census|2010 census]] | title = Preses | before_election = [[Barack Obama]] | before_party = Democratic Pairty (Unitit States) | after_party = Republican Pairty (Unitit States) | after_election = [[Donald Trump]] }} The 2016 [[election]] for [[Preses o the Unitit States]] teuk place on Tuesday, November 8. Voters electit [[Donald Trump]] as the next Preses an [[Mike Pence]] the next [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States]]. ==Primaries== ===Democratic Pairty=== {{Main|Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016|Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016}} ====Nominees==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | colspan="30" style="background:#f1f1f1;" |[[File:US Democratic Party Logo.svg|65px|center|link=Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)]]<big>'''Democratic Party ticket, 2016'''</big> |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#34AAE0; width:200px;" | [[Hillary Clinton|{{color|white|Hillary Clinton}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#34AAE0; width:200px;" | [[Tim Kaine|{{color|white|Tim Kaine}}]] |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#c8ebff;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;" |'''''for Preses''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;" |'''''for Vice Preses''''' |- | [[File:Hillary Clinton crop.jpg|center|200x200px]] | [[File:Tim Kaine crop.jpg|center|200x200px]] |- | [[Leet o Secretaries o State o the Unitit States|67t]]<br />[[Unitit States Secretar o State|U.S. Secretar o State]]<br /><small>(2009–2013)</small> | [[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]] frae [[Virginie]]<br /><small>(2013–''present'')</small> |- | colspan="2" |[[Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2016|'''Campaign''']] |- | colspan="2" |[[File:Clinton Kaine.svg|center|275px]] |- | colspan="2" |<!-- Clinton --><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/us/politics/hillary-clinton-2016-presidential-campaign.html|title=Hillary Clinton Announces 2016 Presidential Bid|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=April 12, 2015|author=Chozick, Amy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/hillary-clinton-2016-election-presidential-launch-116888.html|title=Hillary Clinton formally announces 2016 run|date=April 12, 2015|work=[[Politico]]|accessdate=April 18, 2015|author=Karni, Annie}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/524/15031411524/15031411524.pdf|title=Hillary Rodham Clinton FEC filing|date=April 13, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=April 13, 2015}}</ref> |} ====Candidates==== The candidates included in this section hae been listed in five or mair [[Nationwide opinion polling for the Democratic Party 2016 presidential primaries|major independent nationwide polls]]. * [[Lincoln Chafee]] ([[Lincoln Chafee presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Rhode Island]] 2011–2015; U.S. Senator frae [[Rhode Island]] 1999–2007; Mayor of [[Warwick, Rhode Island|Warwick]] 1992-1999<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/03/lincoln-chafee-expected-to-announce-longshot-presidential-bid/ | title=Lincoln Chafee announces long-shot presidential bid | work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=June 3, 2015 | accessdate=June 3, 2015 | author=DelReal, Jose A.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/737/15951475737/15951475737.pdf|title=Lincoln Chafee FEC filing|date=June 16, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=June 16, 2015}}</ref> * [[Hillary Clinton]] ([[Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Unitit States Secretar o State|U.S. Secretar o State]] 2009–2013; U.S. Senator frae [[New York]] 2001–2009; presidential candidate in [[Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2008|2008]]; [[First Leddy o the Unitit States]] 1993–2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/us/politics/hillary-clinton-2016-presidential-campaign.html?_r=0|title=Hillary Clinton Announces 2016 Presidential Bid| work=[[The New York Times]] | accessdate=April 12, 2015 | author=Chozick, Amy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/hillary-clinton-2016-election-presidential-launch-116888.html | title=Hillary Clinton formally announces 2016 run | work=[[Politico]] | date=April 12, 2015 | accessdate=April 18, 2015 | author=Karni, Annie}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/524/15031411524/15031411524.pdf|title=Hillary Rodham Clinton FEC filing|date=April 13, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=April 13, 2015}}</ref> * [[Martin O'Malley]] ([[Martin O'Malley presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Maryland]] 2007–2015; Mayor of [[Baltimore]] 1999–2007<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/05/30/martin-omalley-president-announcement/27330857/| title=Martin O'Malley jumps into presidential race| publisher= ''[[USA Today]]'' | date=May 30, 2015 | accessdate=May 30, 2015|author= Jackson, David & Cooper, Allen}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/604/15031430604/15031430604.pdf|title=Martin O'Malley FEC filing|date=May 29, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=June 2, 2015}}</ref> * [[Bernie Sanders]] ([[Bernie Sanders presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), U.S. Senator frae [[Vermont]] syne 2007; U.S. Representative 1991–2007; Mayor of [[Burlington, Vermont|Burlington]] 1981–1989<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/30/us/politics/bernie-sanders-campaign-for-president.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0 | title=Bernie Sanders Announces He Is Running for President | publisher= ''[[The New York Times]]'' | date=April 30, 2015 | accessdate=April 30, 2015|author= Rappeport, Alan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/533/15031422533/15031422533.pdf|title=Bernard Sanders FEC filing|date=April 28, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=May 2, 2015}}</ref> * [[Jim Webb]] ([[Jim Webb presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), U.S. Senator frae [[Virginia]] 2007-2013; [[Unitit States Secretar o the Navy|U.S. Secretar o the Navy]] 1987-1988<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/07/02/democrat-jim-webb-joins-2016-white-house-race/ | title=Democrat Jim Webb joins 2016 White House race | publisher= ''[[Fox News]]'' | date=July 2, 2015 | accessdate=July 2, 2015}}</ref> <gallery perrow="6"> File:Lincoln Chafee official portrait.jpg|{{center|Former [[Governor o Rhode Island|Governor]]<br>'''[[Lincoln Chafee]]'''<br>o [[Rhode Island]]<br>([[Lincoln Chafee presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:HRC in Iowa APR 2015.jpg|{{center|Former [[Secretary o State]]<br>'''[[Hillary Clinton]]''' <br>o [[New York]]<br>([[Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Governor O'Malley Portrait.jpg|{{center|Former [[Governor o Maryland|Governor]]<br>'''[[Martin O'Malley]]'''<br>o [[Maryland]]<br>([[Martin O'Malley presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Bernie Sanders.jpg|{{center|[[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br>'''[[Bernie Sanders]]'''<br>o [[Vermont]]<br>([[Bernie Sanders presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Jim Webb official 110th Congress photo.jpg|{{center|Former [[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br>'''[[Jim Webb]]'''<br>o [[Virginia]]<br>([[Jim Webb presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} </gallery> ===Republican Pairty=== {{Main|Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican Party presidential candidates, 2016|Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016}} ==== Nominees ==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|[[File:Republican Disc.svg|65px|center|link=Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican Pairty (Unitit States)]]<big>'''Republican Party ticket, 2016'''</big> |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#CE2029; width:200px;"| [[Donald Trump|{{color|white|Donald Trump}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#CE2029; width:200px;"| [[Mike Pence|{{color|white|Mike Pence}}]] |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#ffd0d7;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Preses''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice Preses''''' |- | [[File:Donald Trump official portrait (3x4a).jpg|center|200x200px]] | [[File:Mike Pence official Vice Presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|center|200x200px]] |- | Chairman o<br /> [[The Trump Organization]]<br /><small>(1971–''present'')</small> | [[Leet o Govrenors o Indiana|50t]]<br />[[Govrenor o Indiana]]<br /><small>(2013–''present'')</small> |- | colspan=2 |[[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|'''Campaign''']] |- | colspan=2 |[[File:Trump-Pence 2016.svg|center|275px]] |- | colspan=2 |<!-- Trump--><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trumps-big-2016-announcement--2015-6 |title = Donald Trump is running for president |publisher = Business Insider |date = June 16, 2015 |accessdate = June 16, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/donald-trump-to-announce-his-presidential-plans-today/ |title = Donald Trump announces presidential bid |work = [[The Washington Post]] |date = June 16, 2015 |accessdate = June 16, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/291/15031432291/15031432291.pdf |title = Donald Trump FEC filing |publisher = FEC.gov |date = June 22, 2015 |accessdate = June 24, 2015 }}</ref> |} ====Candidates==== * [[Jeb Bush]] ([[Jeb Bush presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Florida]] 1999–2007; [[Enterprise Florida|Florida Secretar o Commerce]] 1987–1988<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/jeb-bush-set-make-2016-run-official-n375621 | title=Jeb Bush Makes 2016 Run Official | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=June 15, 2015 | accessdate=June 15, 2015 | author=Rafferty, Andrew}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/747/15031431747/15031431747.pdf | title=Jeb Bush FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=June 15, 2015 | accessdate=June 16, 2015}}</ref> * [[Ben Carson]] ([[Ben Carson presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), umwhile Director of Pediatric [[Neurosurgery]] for [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Terris|first1=Ben|title=Ben Carson announces presidential campaign|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/05/03/ben-carson-to-announce-presidential-campaign-monday/|publisher=''[[The Washington Post]]''|date=May 3, 2015|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/ben-carson-announces-2016-run-n353241 | title=Ben Carson Announces 2016 Run | publisher=[[NBCNews.com]] | date=May 4, 2015 | accessdate=4 May 2015 | author=Rafferty , Andrew}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/874/15031422874/15031422874.pdf | title=Ben Carson FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=May 4, 2015 | accessdate=May 7, 2015}}</ref> * [[Chris Christie]] ([[Chris Christie presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o New Jersey]] syne 2010; [[U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey]] 2002–2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/01/us/politics/chris-christie-presidential-campaign.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=photo-spot-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news|title=Chris Christie Announces Run, Pledging ‘Truth’ About Nation’s Woes| work=[[New York Times]] | date=June 30, 2015 | accessdate=June 30, 2015 | author=Barbaro, Michael}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/058/201507010300005058/201507010300005058.pdf | title=Christopher J. Christie FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=July 1, 2015 | accessdate=July 6, 2015}}</ref> <!-- Please DO NOT REMOVE TED CRUZ from this list or add disclaimers regarding his eligilibity to be President. Please see the Wikipedia article *Ted Cruz presidential campaign, 2016*, section "Eligibility concerns", for information on this subject --> * [[Ted Cruz]] ([[Ted Cruz presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), U.S. Senator frae Texas syne 2013; [[Solicitor General]] of Texas 2003–2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/politicsnow/la-na-pn-ted-cruz-presidential-bid-20150322-story.html|title=Texas Republican Sen. Ted Cruz Launches Presidential Bid| work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=March 22, 2015 | accessdate=March 23, 2015 | author=Mascaro, Lisa and David Lauter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/03/23/ted-cruz-announces-presidential-run|title=Ted Cruz Announces He’s Running for President| work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=March 23, 2015 | accessdate=March 23, 2015 | author=Zezima, Katie}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/891/15031403891/15031403891.pdf|title=Ted Cruz FEC filing|date=March 23, 2015|work=FEC.gov|accessdate=April 1, 2015}}</ref> * [[Carly Fiorina]] ([[Carly Fiorina presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), umwhile [[Hewlett-Packard]] CEO 1999–2005; California Senate nominee in [[Unitit States Senate election in California, 2010|2010]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/05/carly-fiorina-2016-presidential-bid-117593.html | title=Carly Fiorina: 'Yes, I am running for president' | work=[[Politico]] | date=May 4, 2015 | accessdate=4 May 2015 | author=Gass, Nick}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/870/15031422870/15031422870.pdf | title=Carly Fiorina FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=May 4, 2015 | accessdate=May 7, 2015}}</ref> * [[Jim Gilmore]] ([[Jim Gilmore presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Virginia]] 1998–2002; Chairperson of the [[Republican National Committee]] 2001; [[Attorney General of Virginia]] 1994-1997, presidential candidate in [[Jim Gilmore presidential campaign, 2008|2008]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/759/201507299000439759/201507299000439759.pdf | title=Jim Gilmore FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=July 29, 2015 | accessdate=July 29, 2015}}</ref> * [[Lindsey Graham]] ([[Lindsey Graham presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), U.S. Senator frae [[Sooth Carolina]] syne 2003; U.S. Representative frae Sooth Carolina 1995–2003<ref>Jaffe, Alexandra (June 1, 2015) [http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/01/politics/lindsey-graham-presidential-announcement-election-2016/index.html "Graham bets on foreign experience in White House bid announcement"], [[CNN]]. Retrieved June 1, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/870/15031430870/15031430870.pdf | title=Lindsey Graham FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=June 1, 2015 | accessdate=June 2, 2015}}</ref> * [[Mike Huckabee]] ([[Mike Huckabee presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), presidential candidate in [[Mike Huckabee presidential campaign, 2008|2008]], [[Govrenor o Arkansas]] 1996–2007; [[Lieutenant Govrenor o Arkansas]] 1993–1996<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/06/us/politics/mike-huckabee-running-in-republican-presidential-primary.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=photo-spot-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0 | title=Mike Huckabee Joins Republican Presidential Race | work=[[New York Times]] | date=May 5, 2015 | accessdate=May 5, 2015 | author=Trip, Gabriel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mike Huckabee FEC Filing |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/301/15031423301/15031423301.pdf|publisher=FEC.gov|accessdate=10 May 2015}}</ref> * [[Bobby Jindal]] ([[Bobby Jindal presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Louisiana]] syne 2008; U.S. Representative frae Louisiana 2005–2008<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/24/bobby-jindal-to-announce-presidential-plans-wednesday/ | title=Bobby Jindal announces entry into 2016 presidential race | work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=June 24, 2015 | accessdate=June 24, 2015 | author=Fahrenthold, David A.; Hohmann, James}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/728/15031432728/15031432728.pdf | title=Bobby Jindal FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=June 29, 2015 | accessdate= June 30, 2015}}</ref> * [[John Kasich]] ([[John Kasich presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Ohio]] syne 2011; U.S. Representative frae Ohio 1983–2001<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/us/politics/john-kasich-election-2016-presidential-race.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=photo-spot-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0 | title=John Kasich Enters Crowded 2016 Race Facing Job of Catch-Up | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=July 21, 2015 | accessdate=July 21, 2015 | author=Stolberg, Sheryl Gay}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/022/201507230300013022/201507230300013022.pdf | title=John Kasich FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=July 23, 2015 | accessdate= July 28, 2015}}</ref> * [[George Pataki]] ([[George Pataki presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o New York]] 1995–2006; Mayor of [[Peekskill, New York|Peekskill]] 1981-1984<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/946/15031430946/15031430946.pdf|title=George Pataki FEC filing|date=June 2, 2015|work=FEC.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref> * [[Rand Paul]] ([[Rand Paul presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), U.S. Senator frae [[Kentucky]] syne 2011<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/07/us-usa-election-paul-announcement-idUSKBN0MY17L20150407 | title=Republican Rand Paul announces 2016 presidential run on website | publisher=[[Reuters]] | date=April 7, 2015 | accessdate=7 April 2015 | author=Lambert, Lisa | archive-date=2015-04-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407140904/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/07/us-usa-election-paul-announcement-idUSKBN0MY17L20150407 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/07/politics/rand-paul-president-2016/ | title=Rand Paul: 'I am running for president' | publisher=[[CNN]] | date=April 7, 2015 | accessdate=7 April 2015 | author=Killough, Ashley}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/721/15970332721/15970332721.pdf|title=Rand Paul FEC filing|date=April 8, 2015|work=FEC.gov|accessdate=April 9, 2015}}</ref> * [[Rick Perry]] ([[Rick Perry presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Texas|Governor]] of [[Texas]] 2000–2015, presidential candidate in [[Rick Perry presidential campaign, 2012|2012]], [[Lieutenant Govrenor o Texas|Lieutenant Governor]] 1999–2000, [[Texas Commissioner of Agriculture|Commissioner of Agriculture]], 1991–1999<ref>{{cite web | url=http://time.com/3909057/rick-perry-2016-campaign-launch/ | title=Rick Perry Announces Presidential Bid | work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date=June 4, 2015 | accessdate=June 4, 2015 | author=Beckwith , Ryan Teague; Rhodan, Maya}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/864/15971217864/15971217864.pdf|title=Rick Perry FEC filing|date=June 19, 2015|work=FEC.gov|accessdate=June 22, 2015}}</ref> * [[Marco Rubio]] ([[Marco Rubio presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), U.S. Senator frae [[Florida]] syne 2011; [[Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives|Speaker of the Florida House]] 2007–2009<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/us/politics/marco-rubio-2016-presidential-campaign.html?smid=tw-bna | title=Marco Rubio Announces 2016 Presidential Bid | publisher=''[[The New York Times]]'' | date=April 13, 2015 | accessdate= April 13, 2015 | author=Parker, Ashley}}</ref><ref name="Pitch">Nelson, Rebecca (April 13, 2015) [http://www.nationaljournal.com/2016-elections/marco-rubio-presidential-announcement-2016-20150413 "Marco Rubio Makes His Pitch as the Fresh Face of the GOP in 2016"], ''[[National Journal]]''. Retrieved April 14, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/229/15031412229/15031412229.pdf | title=Marco Rubio FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=April 13, 2015 | accessdate=May 7, 2015}}</ref> * [[Rick Santorum]] ([[Rick Santorum presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), U.S. Senator frae [[Pennsylvania]] 1995–2007; U.S. Representative frae Pennsylvania 1991–1995; presidential candidate in [[Rick Santorum presidential campaign, 2012|2012]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/2015/05/27/rick-santorum-2016-presidential-race/28011791/ | title=Santorum officially begins 2016 presidential campaign | work=[[USA Today]] | date=May 27, 2015 | accessdate=28 May 2015 | author=Jackson, David}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/613/15031430613/15031430613.pdf | title=Rick Santorum FEC filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=May 27, 2015 | accessdate=June 1, 2015}}</ref> * [[Donald Trump]] ([[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), business magnate; Chairman of [[The Trump Organization]] syne 1971<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trumps-big-2016-announcement--2015-6 | title=Donald Trump is running for president | publisher=Business Insider | date=June 16, 2015 | accessdate=June 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/donald-trump-to-announce-his-presidential-plans-today/ | title=Donald Trump announces presidential bid| publisher= Washington Post | date=June 16, 2015 | accessdate=June 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/291/15031432291/15031432291.pdf | title=Donald Trump FEC filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=June 22, 2015 | accessdate=June 24, 2015}}</ref> * [[Scott Walker]] ([[Scott Walker presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Wisconsin]] syne 2011<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/13/politics/scott-walker-2016-presidential-announcement/ | title=Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker officially enters 2016 presidential race | publisher=[[CNN]].com | date=July 13, 2015 | accessdate= July 13, 2015 | author=Burlij, Terence; Lee, MJ; LoBianco, Tom}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scott Walker FEC filing|url=http://www.fec.gov/fecviewer/CandidateCommitteeDetail.do?candidateCommitteeId=P60006046&tabIndex=1|website=FEC|publisher=FEC.gov|accessdate=July 13, 2015}}</ref> <gallery perrow="6"> File:Jebcropped.jpg|{{center|Former [[Governor o Florida|Governor]]<br>'''[[Jeb Bush]]'''<br>o [[Florida]]<br>([[Jeb Bush presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Ben Carson at CPAC 2015.jpg|{{center|[[Neurosurgeon]]<br>'''[[Ben Carson]]'''<br>o [[Maryland]]<br>([[Ben Carson presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Ted Cruz February 2015.jpg|{{center|[[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br>'''[[Ted Cruz]]'''<br>o [[Texas]]<br>([[Ted Cruz presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Chris Christie April 2015.jpg|{{center|[[Governor o New Jersey|Governor]]<br>'''[[Chris Christie]]'''<br>o [[New Jersey]]<br>([[Chris Christie presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Carly fiorina speaking.jpg|{{center|[[Businesswoman]]<br>'''[[Carly Fiorina]]'''<br>o [[Californie|California]]<br>([[Carly Fiorina presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Jim Gilmore 2015.jpg|{{center|Former [[Governor o Virginia|Governor]]<br />'''[[Jim Gilmore]]'''<br />o [[Virginia]]<br />([[Jim Gilmore presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Lindsey Graham, Official Portrait 2006.jpg|{{center|[[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br>'''[[Lindsey Graham]]'''<br>o [[Sooth Carolina]]<br>([[Lindsey Graham presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Gov Huckabee May 2015.jpg|{{center|Former [[Governor o Arkansas|Governor]]<br>'''[[Mike Huckabee]]'''<br>o [[Arkansas]]<br>([[Mike Huckabee presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Gov._Bobby_Jindal_in_Oklahoma_2015.jpg|{{center|[[Governor o Louisiana|Governor]]<br>'''[[Bobby Jindal]]'''<br>o [[Louisiana]]<br>([[Bobby Jindal presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Governor_John_Kasich.jpg|{{center|[[Governor o Ohio|Governor]]<br />'''[[John Kasich]]'''<br />o [[Ohio]]<br />([[John Kasich presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Governor Pataki 2015.jpg|{{center|Former [[Governor o New York|Governor]]<br>'''[[George Pataki]]'''<br>o [[New York]]<br>([[George Pataki presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Rand Paul March 2015.jpg|{{center|[[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br>'''[[Rand Paul]]'''<br>o [[Kentucky]]<br>([[Rand Paul presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Gov. Perry CPAC February 2015.jpg|{{center|Former [[Governor o Texas|Governor]]<br>'''[[Rick Perry]]'''<br>o [[Texas]]<br>([[Rick Perry presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Marco Rubio, Official Portrait, 112th Congress.jpg|{{center|[[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br>'''[[Marco Rubio]]'''<br>o [[Florida]]<br>([[Marco Rubio presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Rick Santorum by Gage Skidmore 8.jpg|{{center|Former [[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br>'''[[Rick Santorum]]'''<br>o [[Pennsylvania]]<br>([[Rick Santorum presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Donald Trump by Gage Skidmore.jpg|{{center|[[Businessman]]<br>'''[[Donald Trump]]''' <br>o [[New York]]<br>([[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Governor Scott Walker.jpg|{{center|[[Governor o Wisconsin|Governor]]<br /> '''[[Scott Walker]]'''<br />o [[Wisconsin]]<br />([[Scott Walker presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} </gallery> ===Publicly expressit interest=== * [[Joe Biden]] ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democrat]]), [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] syne 2009; [[U.S. Senator]] frae [[Delaware]] 1973–2009; presidential candidate in [[Joe Biden presidential campaign, 1988|1988]] and [[Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008|2008]]<ref>Liptak, Kevin (April 20, 2015) [http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/20/politics/joe-biden-election-2016/ "Joe Biden waits as 2016 heats up"], [[CNN]].com. Retrieved May 15, 2015.</ref><ref>Walsh, Kenneth T. (May 12, 2015) [http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/ken-walshs-washington/2015/05/12/joe-biden-is-biding-his-time "Joe Biden Is Biding His Time"], ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''. Retrieved May 15, 2015.</ref><ref>Caldwell, Leigh Ann (May 18, 2015) [http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/what-about-joe-biden-n360616 "All Eyes on Hillary Clinton, But Will Joe Biden Run For President?"], [[NBC News]]. Retrieved May 21, 2015.</ref> * [[Gary Johnson]], ([[Libertarian Pairty]]), [[Governor o New Mexico]] 1995–2003; presidential nominee in [[Gary Johnson presidential campaign, 2012|2012]]<ref>Harris, Paul (May 17, 2015) [http://www.kolotv.com/home/headlines/Presidential-Hopeful-Gary-Johnson-In-Reno-303971141.html "Presidential Hopeful Gary Johnson In Reno"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724161110/http://www.kolotv.com/home/headlines/Presidential-Hopeful-Gary-Johnson-In-Reno-303971141.html |date=2015-07-24 }}, [[KOLO-TV]]. Retrieved July 7, 2015.</ref> === Minor candidates, other pairties an independents === * [[Mark Everson]], ([[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]]), umwhile [[Commissioner of Internal Revenue]], umwhile Preses of the [[American Red Cross]] frae [[Mississippi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/mar/5/mark-everson-launches-gop-white-house-bid-pro-amne/|title=Mark Everson, former Reagan & Bush aide, launches GOP White House bid on pro-amnesty platform| work=[[The Washington Times]] | date=March 5, 2015 | accessdate=March 5, 2015 | author=Dinan, Stephen}}</ref><ref>Larson, Leslie (March 5, 2015) [http://www.businessinsider.com/mark-everson-launches-2016-campaign-with-emotional-letter-2015-3 "Long shot 2016 candidate launches campaign with emotional 16-page letter"], ''[[Business Insider]]''. Retrieved March 9, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/333/15950849333/15950849333.pdf|title=Mark Everson FEC filing|date=March 10, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=March 17, 2015}}</ref> * [[Jack Fellure]], ([[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]]), retired engineer frae [[West Virginia]]; 2012 [[Prohibition Party]] presidential nominee<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/507/12030951507/12030951507.pdf|title=Jack Fellure FEC filing|date=November 13, 2012|work=FEC|accessdate=June 2, 2015}}</ref> * [[Jill Stein]], ([[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]]), [[physeecian]] and [[Jill Stein presidential campaign, 2012|2012]] presidential nominee frae [[Massachusetts]]<ref>{{cite web| url= http://blogs.denverpost.com/thespot/2015/06/22/green-partys-jill-stein-to-run-again-for-president/121396/| title= Green Party’s Jill Stein to run again for president| work= [[The Denver Post]]| date= June 22, 2015| accessdate= June 23, 2015| author= Bartels, Lynn| archive-date= 2015-08-09| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150809023122/http://blogs.denverpost.com/thespot/2015/06/22/green-partys-jill-stein-to-run-again-for-president/121396/| url-status= dead}}</ref> * [[Gloria La Riva]], ([[Party for Socialism and Liberation]]), newspaper printer and activist, frae [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ballot-access.org/2015/07/24/party-for-socialism-and-liberation-announces-2016-presidential-ticket/ | title=Party for Socialism and Liberation Announces 2016 Presidential Ticket | work=[[Ballot Access News]] | date=July 24, 2015 | accessdate=July 25, 2015 | author=[[Richard Winger|Winger, Richard]]}}</ref> * [[James Hedges]], ([[Prohibition Party]]), Tax Assessor for Thompson Township, Fulton Coonty, Pennsylvania 2002-2007<ref>{{cite web | url= http://dailycaller.com/2015/07/11/the-unknown-2016-presidential-candidates-what-you-need-to-know/| title= The Unknown 2016 Presidential Candidates: What YOU Need To Know| work=[[The Daily Caller]] | date= July 11, 2015| accessdate= July 15, 2015}}</ref> * [[Ted Williams (voice-over artist)|Ted Williams]], ([[Independent (politeecian)|Independent]]), [[voice acting|voice-over artist]] frae [[Ohio]]<ref>[http://bigstory.ap.org/article/11929d84ea8d4bb39bcf9f2c84be7c94/ex-homeless-man-golden-voice-im-running-president#overlay-context=article/30bce0dc44ca406bad2e5e0cb1781eac/man-73-rides-ohio-roller-coaster-12000th-time "Ex-homeless man with golden voice: I'm running for president"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706113619/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/11929d84ea8d4bb39bcf9f2c84be7c94/ex-homeless-man-golden-voice-im-running-president#overlay-context=article/30bce0dc44ca406bad2e5e0cb1781eac/man-73-rides-ohio-roller-coaster-12000th-time |date=2015-07-06 }}, [[Associated Press]]. June 25, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2015.</ref> * [[Roseanne Barr]], ([[Peace and Freedom Party]]), entertainer frae [[Hawaii]]<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2015/03/roseanne-barr-says-she-will-seek-the-peace-and-freedom-partys-presidential-nomination-again-in-2016/| title= Roseanne Barr Says She Will Seek the Peace and Freedom Party’s Presidential Nomination Again in 2016| work= Independent Political Report| date= March 11, 2015| accessdate= April 29, 2015| archive-date= 2015-07-10| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150710185952/http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2015/03/roseanne-barr-says-she-will-seek-the-peace-and-freedom-partys-presidential-nomination-again-in-2016/| url-status= dead}}</ref> * [[Zoltan Istvan]], ([[Transhumanist Party]]), [[futurist]], writer, [[Transhumanism|transhumanist]] philosopher frae [[Californie|California]]; founder of the [[Transhumanist Party]]<ref>Hewitt, John (October 31, 2014) [http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/192385-an-interview-with-zoltan-istvan-leader-of-the-transhumanist-party-and-2016-presidential-contender "An interview with Zoltan Istvan, leader of the Transhumanist Party and 2016 presidential contender"], [[ExtremeTech]].com. Retrieved March 7, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/11310031/Meet-the-Transhumanist-Party-Want-to-live-forever-Vote-for-me.html| title= Meet the Transhumanist Party: 'Want to live forever? Vote for me'| work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | date= December 23, 2014| accessdate= March 6, 2015| author= Bartlett, Jamie}}</ref> * [[Terry Jones (pastor)|Terry Jones]], ([[Independent (politeecian)|Independent]]), [[pastor]] for [[Dove World Outreach Center]] frae [[Florida]]; presidential candidate in 2012<ref name="fringe">Gavin, Patrick (November 29, 2013) [http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/2016-election-fringe-hopefuls-100473_Page2.html "2016 already here for fringe hopefuls"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013053058/http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/2016-election-fringe-hopefuls-100473_Page2.html |date=2016-10-13 }}, ''[[Politico]]''. Retrieved November 30, 2013</ref> * [[Vermin Supreme]], ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]), [[performance artist]] and perennial candidate frae [[Massachusetts]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/politics/can-a-zombie-powered-presidential-candidate-go-legit-20140522 | title=Can a Zombie-Powered Presidential Candidate Go Legit? | work=[[National Journal]] | date=May 22, 2014 | accessdate=May 22, 2014 | author=Seitz-Wald, Alex | archive-date=2014-05-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522233822/http://www.nationaljournal.com/politics/can-a-zombie-powered-presidential-candidate-go-legit-20140522 | url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Waka Flocka Flame|Juaquin James Malphurs (Waka Flocka Flame)]], ([[Independent (politeecian)|Independent]]), [[Rapping|rap]] artist frae [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.rollingstone.com/music/videos/waka-flocka-flame-for-president-watch-his-exclusive-campaign-video-20150420| title= Waka Flocka Flame for President: Watch His Exclusive Campaign Video| work= [[Rolling Stone]]| date= April 20, 2015| accessdate= April 21, 2015| author= Vozick-Levinson, Simon| archive-date= 2015-04-22| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150422045441/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/videos/waka-flocka-flame-for-president-watch-his-exclusive-campaign-video-20150420| url-status= dead}}</ref> ([[Article Two of the United States Constitution#Clause 5: Qualifications for office|Constitutionally ineligible – unner age 35]]) * [[Willie Wilson (businessman)|Willie Wilson]], ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]), businessman and [[Chicago mayoral election, 2015|2015 Chicago mayoral candidate]] frae Illinois<ref>[http://wgntv.com/2015/06/01/willie-wilson-running-for-president/ Chicago businessman Willie Wilson running for president] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604085323/http://wgntv.com/2015/06/01/willie-wilson-running-for-president/ |date=2015-06-04 }} [[WGN-TV]]. June 1, 2015. Accessed June 3, 2015</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/995/15951370995/15951370995.pdf|title=Willie Wilson FEC filing|date=May 13, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref> ==Notes== <references group="lower-alpha"/> ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Ither wabsteids== {{Sister project links |d=Q699872|commons=Category:United States presidential election, 2016 |n=Category:2016 United States presidential election |wikt=no |b=no |q=no |s=no |v=no | voy=no|display=2016 U.S. presidential election}} * [http://fec.gov/press/press2013/presidential_form2nm.shtml 2016 Presidential Form 2 Filers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712121223/http://fec.gov/press/press2013/presidential_form2nm.shtml |date=2014-07-12 }} at the [[Federal Election Commission]] (FEC) {{Authority control}} [[Category:History o the Unitit States (1991–present)]] [[Category:2016 Unitit States presidential election| ]] [[Category:Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign]] [[Category:Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign]] [[Category:Mike Pence]] [[Category:Tim Kaine]] [[Category:November 2016 events in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Furrin electoral intervention]] a8neirprytfbelf00ta37vogfdpt3ay 0 125197 906301 840771 2025-06-27T21:45:16Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 906301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=Mairch 2021}} {{Taxobox | name = Chinchilla | fossil_range = Late [[Oligocene]] - Recent | image =Standardchinchilla.jpg|300px | image_caption = | image_width = | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | ordo = [[Rodent]]ia | familia = '''Chinchillidae''' | familia_authority = [[Edward Turner Bennett|Bennett]], 1833 | genus = '''''Chinchilla''''' | genus_authority = [[Edward Turner Bennett|Bennett]], 1829 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = ''[[Chinchilla lanigera]]''<br> ''[[Chinchilla brevicaudata]]'' }} The '''Chinchilla''' is a smaw [[rodent]] that bides in the [[Andes]] in [[Sooth Americae]]. They ar active durin [[dusk]] an [[dawn]]. Such an activity pattern is cried [[crepuscular]]. Thegither wi the [[Viscacha]], they form the '''Chinchillidae''' [[faimily (biology)|faimily]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://animal-world.com/encyclo/critters/chinchilla/chinchilla.php |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-08-09 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927105546/http://animal-world.com/encyclo/critters/chinchilla/chinchilla.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q192930}} [[Category:Mammals o Argenteinie]] [[Category:Mammals o Chile]] [[Category:Mammals o Peru]] {{stub/Ainimal}} b4lehdkhswzmzvfycyhety8uoc65klk 0 128047 906288 903020 2025-06-27T20:02:54Z Star Manatee 119074 906288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unsoorced}}{{Infobox President | name = Paul von Hindenburg | image = President Hindenburg.jpg | order = 2nt [[Preses o Germany (1919–45)|Preses o Germany]] | chancellor = [[Hans Luther]]<br />[[Wilhelm Marx]] <br /> [[Hermann Müller (politeecian)|Hermann Müller]] <br> [[Heinrich Brüning]] <br> [[Franz von Papen]] <br> [[Kurt von Schleicher]] <br> [[Adolf Hitler]] | term = 12 Mey 1925 &ndash; 2 August 1934 | vicepresident = | predecessor = [[Friedrich Ebert]] | successor = [[Adolf Hitler]] {{small|(as [[Führer]])}} <br> [[Karl Dönitz]] {{small|(as President)}} | order2 = [[German General Staff|Chief o the German General Staff]] | term_start2 = 29 August 1916 | term_end2 = 3 Julie 1919 | monarch2 = [[Wilhelm II]] | president2 = [[Friedrich Ebert]] | predecessor2 = [[Erich von Falkenhayn]] | successor2 = [[Wilhelm Groener]] |birth_name = Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg | birth_date = {{birth date|1847|10|2|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Poznań|Posen]], [[Grand Duchy o Posen|Duchy o Posen]], [[Kinrick o Proushie|Proushie]]<br /><small>(nou [[Poznań]], [[Greater Poland Voivodeship]], [[Poland]])</small> | death_date = {{Death date and age|1934|8|2|1847|10|2|df=y}} | death_place = [[Ogrodzieniec, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship|Neudeck]] near [[Susz|Rosenberg]], [[Province o East Proushie|East Proushie]], [[Nazi Germany]] <small>(nou [[Ogrodzieniec, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship|Ogrodzieniec]] near [[Susz]], [[Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship]], [[Poland]])</small> | spouse = [[Gertrud von Hindenburg]] | children = [[Oskar von Hindenburg]],<br> Irmengard Pauline von Hindenburg,<br>Annemaria von Hindenburg | party = [[Independent (politeecian)|Independent]] | religion = [[Lutheranism]] | signature = Paul von Hindenburg signature.svg | allegiance = {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Prussia}}<br>{{Flag|German Empire}}<br>{{flag|Weimar Republic}} | rank = [[File:OF9 GenOberst iRd-GenFM (Preußen) 1832h.png|40px|Mariscal prussià]] [[Generalfeldmarschall]] | serviceyears = 1866-1911, 1914-1919 | battles = [[Austro-Proushie War]], <br/> [[Franco-Proushie War]],<br/> [[Warld War I]] *[[Eastren Front (Warld War I)|Eastren Front]] | awards = [[Pour le Mérite]] |}} '''Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg''' ({{Audio|De-PaulvHindenb-long.ogg|<small>listen</small>}}), kent universally as '''Paul von Hindenburg''' ({{IPA-de|ˈpaʊl fɔn ˈhɪndn̩bʊɐ̯k|lang|De-PaulvHindenb-short.ogg}}; 2 October 1847 &ndash; 2 August 1934) wos a [[Generalfeldmarschall]] an statesman that commanded the German militar in the seicont hauf o [[Warld War I]] afore later bein electit [[Preses o Germany (1919–1945)|Preses o the Weimar republic]] in 1925. He played a key role in the Nazi [[Machtergreifung|"Seizur o Pouer"]] in Januar 1933 whan, unner pressur, he appyntit [[Adolf Hitler]] [[Chancellor o Germany|chancellor]] o a "Govrenment o Naitional Concentration", even tho the Nazis war a minority in cabinet. Hindenburg reteert frae the airmy for the first time in 1911, but wis recawed shortly efter the ootbreak o Warld War I in 1914. He first cam tae naitional attention at the age o 66 as the veector o the decisive [[Battle o Tannenberg]] in August 1914. Upon bein named Germany's [[Chief o the General Staff (Germany)|Chief o the General Staff]] in August 1916, his popularity amang the German public increased exponentially tae the pynt o giein rise tae an undeemous [[cult o personality|personality cult]]. As [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser Wilhelm II]] increasinly delegatit his pouer as Supreme Warlaird tae the [[Oberste Heeresleitung|German heich command]], Hindenburg an his depute [[Erich Ludendorff]] ultimately formed a ''de facto'' [[militar dictatorship]] that dominatit German policymakkin for the rest o the war. Hindenburg reteert again in 1919, but returned tae public life in 1925 tae be electit the seicont Preses o Germany. In 1932, Hindenburg wis persuadit tae run for re-election as German Preses, awtho 84 year auld an in puir heal, acause he wis conseedert the anerly candidate that coud defeat Hitler. Hindenburg wis re-electit in a [[Twa-roond system|runaff]]. He wis opponed tae Hitler an wis a major player in the increasin poleetical instability in the [[Weimar Republic]] that endit wi [[Hitler's rise tae pouer]]. He dissowled the Reichstag twice in 1932 an feenally, unner pressur, greed tae appynt Hitler [[Chancellor o Germany]] in Januar 1933. Hindenburg did this tae satisfee Hitler's demands that he shoud play a pairt in the Weimar Govrenment, syne Hitler wis the leader o the Nazi pairty that haed wan the lairgest plurality in the November 1932 elections (na pairty achieved a majority). In Februar, he signed aff on the [[Reichstag Fire Decree]], that suspendit various [[ceevil liberties]], an in Mairch he signed the [[Enablin Act o 1933]], that gae Hitler's regime arbitrar pouers. Hindenburg dee'd the follaein year, efter that Hitler declared himsel Führer, or supreme leader, that supersedit baith the Preses an Chancellor. {{DEFAULTSORT:Hindenburg, Paul Von}} [[Category:1847 births]] [[Category:1934 daiths]] [[Category:Paul von Hindenburg| ]] [[Category:Fowk frae Poznań]] [[Category:Field marshals o Proushie]] [[Category:Field marshals o the German Empire]] [[Category:German militar personnel o the Franco-Proushie War]] [[Category:German militar personnel o Warld War I]] [[Category:German monarchists]] [[Category:German unteetled nobility]] [[Category:German Lutherans]] [[Category:Fowk frae the Province o Posen]] [[Category:Proushie fowk o the Austro-Proushie War]] [[Category:Preses o Germany]] [[Category:Fowk o the Weimar Republic]] [[Category:Knichts o the Gowden Fleece]] [[Category:Recipients o the Grand Cross o the Airn Cross]] [[Category:Recipients o the Airn Cross (1870), 1st cless]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Militar Order o Max Joseph]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o the Black Eagle]] [[Category:Recipients o the Pour le Mérite (militar cless)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Friedrich Cross]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Cross o Vytis]] [[Category:Grand Commanders o the Hoose Order o Hohenzollern]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Militar Order o St. Henry]] [[Category:Independent politeecians in Germany]] [[Category:Knichts o the Militar Merit Order (Württemberg)]] [[Category:Recipients o the Hoose an Merit Order o Peter Frederick Louis]] [[Category:Recipients o the Militar Merit Cross (Mecklenburg-Schwerin), 1st cless]] [[Category:Buirials at St. Elizabeth's Kirk, Marburg]] [[Category:Daiths frae buff cancer]] [[Category:Cancer daiths in Germany]] rczfv83k6sdfvs4p3h2qu482n7ihr93 0 137375 906303 906073 2025-06-27T23:45:13Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 906303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fix Scots}} {{Infobox UK place |official_name= Dumfries |country = Scotland |static_image_name=Dumfries looking east.jpg |static_image_caption= Dumfries leukin east |population= 33,280 |population_ref= <ref name=2012pop2a>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab2a.pdf |title="Mid-2012 Populations Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland, table 2a" National Records for Scotland. Access date = 27 October 2014 |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2019-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204064320/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab2a.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=2012pop3a>[http://gro-scotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab3a.pdf "Mid-2012 Populations Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland, table 3a" National Records for Scotland. Access date = 27 October 2014]{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |os_grid_reference= NX976762 |coordinates = {{coord|55.070|-3.603|display=inline,title}} |post_town= DUMFRIES |postcode_area= DG |postcode_district = DG1/2 |dial_code= 01387 |constituency_westminster=• [[Dumfries an Gallowa (UK Pairlament constituency)|Dumfries an Gallowa]]<br>([[Scots Conservatives|Con]] – [[Alister Jack]]) |gaelic_name= Dùn Phris<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gaelicplacenames.org/databasedetails.php?id=413 | title=Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland database | publisher=[[Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba]] | accessdate=17 October 2013 | archive-date=2016-08-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803142610/http://www.gaelicplacenames.org/databasedetails.php?id=413 | url-status=dead }}</ref> |unitary_scotland= [[Dumfries an Gallowa]] |lieutenancy_scotland= [[Dumfriesshire|Dumfries]] |constituency_scottish_parliament=• [[Dumfriesshire (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Dumfriesshire]]<br>([[Scots Conservatives|Con]] – [[Oliver Mundell]])<br>• [[Gallowa an Wast Dumfries (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Gallowa an Wast Dumfries]]<br>([[Scots Conservatives|Con]] – [[Finlay Carson]]) }} '''Dumfries''' ({{IPA-en|dʌmˈfɹiːs|-|Dumfries.ogg}} {{respell|dum|FREESS|'}}; aiblins fae {{lang-gd|Dùn Phris}}) is a mercat toun an foregane [[ryal burgh]] within the [[Dumfries an Gallowa]] cooncil area o [[Scotland]]. It is locatit near the mooth o [[River Nith]] intil the [[Solway Firth]]. Dumfries is the tradeetional [[coonty toun]] o the [[Scots coonties|historic coonty]] o [[Dumfriesshire]].<ref>[http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/thomson/555.html John Thomson's Atlas of Scotland, 1832] from ''National Library of Scotland'' retrieved 3 June 2013</ref> Dumfries is eik-name't ''Queen o the Sooth''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=277 |title="Eva Mendes – the latest Queen of the South" 7th&nbsp;November&nbsp;2010 |publisher=Qosfc.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2015-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215171804/http://www.qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=277 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The eik-name wis gien name til the toun's professional fitbaw team, [[Queen of the South F.C.]]. Fowk fae Dumfries is kenned colloquial as ''Doonhamers''. ==Toponymy== The're at least three theorys on the etymology o the name. Yin is that the name ''Dumfries'' oreeginates fae the [[Scots Gaelic]] name ''Dùn Phris'' that means "Fort o the rone".<ref>{{cite web |title=Parliament Scotland - Placenames - Gaelic - C-E |url=http://www.parliament.scot/Gaelic/placenamesC-E.pdf |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2020-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013215200/http://www.parliament.scot/Gaelic/placenamesC-E.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Anither is that it comes fae a Brittonic cognate o the ledged Gaelic derivation ([[Welsh leid|Welsh]] ''Dyn Prys'').<ref name="bliton">{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Alan |title=A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence |url=http://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary.pdf |website=SPNS - The Brittonic Language in the Old North |accessdate=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813011121/http://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dumfries micht be the same place as ''Penprys'' that is mentiont in an awdl (a lang poem) bi [[Taliesin]],<ref name="bliton" /> an suggests that the first element micht hae been ''pen'', "summit-heid" (Welsh ''pen''). Accordin tae a third theory, the name is a corruption o twa [[Auld Inglis leid|Auld Inglis]] or [[Auld Norse]] wirds that mean "the freer's hill"; thaim that fauvour this idea ledge the formation o a religious hoose near the heid o whit is noo the Friar's Vennel.<ref name=autogeneratedhist /> If the name wis English or Norse, houiver, the expectit form wad hae the elements in reversed orientation. A Celtic derivation is tharefore preferred. Mairower, the Brittonic element ''drum'',<ref name="bliton" /> meanin "rig" an the Gaelic elements ''druim''<ref name="bliton" /> that means the same, an ''dronn'',<ref name="bliton" /> "a hump", hae aw been suggestit as an explanation o the first element.<ref name="bliton" /> Thaer is baith ane ''Dùn'' an ane ''druim'' in the toun. ==History== ===Early history=== There is nae definite record anent the time an mainer o Dumfries's foondin.<ref name=autogeneratedhist>{{cite web|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/dumfries/history1.htm |title=History of the Burgh of Dumfries – Chapter I |publisher=Electricscotland.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> Some scrievers haud that Dumfries floorisht as a place o distinction durin the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] Occupeetion o North [[Great Breetain]]. The [[Selgovae]] bade in [[Nidsdale]] at the time and micht hae biggit some military warks o a defensive naitur on or near the site o Dumfries; an it is mair nor likely that a castle o some kynd formt the nucleus o the toun. This is inferred fae the etymology o the name, that, accordin tae ae theory, is resolvable intae twa Gaelic terms, signifyin a castle or fort in the shaw or scrogs. Dumfries wis ance athin the borders o the [[Kinrick o Northumbrie]]. The destrict aroond Dumfries wis for several centurys rule't ower an deemt o muckle importance bi the invadin Romans. Mony traces o Roman presence in Dumfriesshire is tae be fund yet; cuinyies, wappens, orrals o urns, military yirdwarks, an roads bein amang the relicts left ahint bi thair lenthent bidin in this pairt o Scotland. The Caledonian breed in the sooth o Scotland wis investit wi the same richts bi an edict o [[Antoninus Pius]]. The Romanised natives received freedom (the burraes, cairns, an orrals o stane temples tae be seen in the destrict yet tell o a time whan Druidism wis the prevailin releegion) as weel as civilisation fae thair conquerors. Late in the fowert century CE, the Romans bad fareweel til the kintra.<ref name=autogeneratedhist /> Accordin til anither theory, the name is a corruption o twa wirds that mean "The Freer's Hill"; thaim that fauvour this idea ledge that [[Saunt Ringan]], bi plantin a releegious hoose near the heid o whit is noo Friars Vennel, at the end o the fowert century, becam the the virtual foonder o the burgh; houiver Rangan, sae faur as is kenned, dinna oreeginate ony monastic estaiblishments onywhaur an wis semply a meesionar. In the list o Breetish touns gien bi auncient historian [[Nennius]], the name ''Caer Peris'', that some modren antiquarians suppose tae hae been transmutit, bi change o deealect, intae Dumfries.<ref name=autogeneratedhist /> Twal o [[King Arthur|King Arthur's]] battles wis recordit bi Nennius in his ''Historia Brittonum''. The Battle o Tribuit (the 10t battle) his been suggestit as havin been mebbe near Dumfries or near the mooth o the [[River Avon]] near [[Bo'ness]]. Efter the Roman depairtur the airt aroond Dumfries haed sindry forms o veesit bi [[Pechts]], [[Anglo-Saxons]], [[Scots fowk|Scots]], an [[Norsemen]] culminatin a decisive victory for [[Giric|Giric (Gregory), King o Scots]] at whit is noo [[Lochmaben]] ower the native [[Britons]] in 890.<ref name=autogeneratedhist /> ===Mediaeval speal=== Whan, in 1069, [[Malcolm III o Scotland|Malcolm Canmore]] an [[William the Conqueror]] haudit a conference regairdin the claims o [[Edgar the Ætheling]] til the English Croun, thay met at Abernithi - a term that in the auld Breetish lied means a port at the mooth o the [[River Nith]]. It his been argied, the toun sicweys chairacterized maun hae been Dumfries; an tharefore it maun hae existit as a port in the [[Kinrick o Strathclyde]], gin no in the Roman days. Houiver, again this arguement is that the toun is situatit aicht tae nine mile fae the sea,<ref name=autogeneratedhist /> awtho the River Nith is tidal an navigable aw the wey intil the toun itsel. [[File:Lincluden Collegiate Church.jpg|thumb|Lincluden Collegiate Kirk, kenned an aw as [[Lincluden Aibey]], c.1789]] Awtho at the time 1 mile upstream an on the conter baunk o the Nith fae Dumfries, [[Lincluden Aibey]] wis foondit circa 1160. The aibey ruins is on the site o the [[bailey]] o the verra early [[Lincluden Castle]], as is thae yins o the later [[Lincluden Tower]]. This releegious hoose wis uised for various purposes, until its abandonment aroond 1700. Lincluden Aibey an its grunds is noo within the Dumfries urban conurbation boond. [[William the Lion]] grantit the chairter tae raise Dumfries til the rank o a [[ryal burgh]] in 1186. Dumfries wis verra much on the mairch durin its first 50 year as a burgh an it growed verra swith as a mercat toun an port.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of the burgh of Dumfries: with notices of Nithsdale, Annandale, and the western border|first=William|last=M'Dowall|publisher=Adam and Charles Black|year=1867|page=144}}</ref> [[Alexander III o Scotland|Alexander III]] veesitit Dumfries in 1264 tae plan an expedeetion again the [[Isle o Man]], afore Scots bit for 180 year subjectit til the croun o [[Norawa]]. Identified wi the conquest o Man, Dumfries skare't in the weel-bein o Scotland for the next 22 year until Alexander's accidental deith brang an Augustan era in the toun's history til a snippen end.<ref name=autogeneratedhist /> A ryal castle, that no langer exists, wis built in the 13t century on the site o the praisent Castledykes Park. In the latter pairt o that century [[William Wallace]] chase't a fleein force soothwart throu the Nith dale. The English fugies met the yetts o [[Dumfries Castle]] that remained closed firm in thair presence. Wi a menyie o the toun's fowk jynin Wallace an his follaein pursuers whan thay arrived, the fleein English met thair end at Cockpool on the [[Solway Coast]]. Efter restin at [[Caerlaverock Castle]] a few mile awa fae the bluidlattin, Wallace again passt throu Dumfries on the day efter as he retourt north tae [[Sanchar]]. In the invasion o 1300, [[Edward I o Ingland|Edward I o England]] ludged a wheen o days in Juin wi the Minorite Freers o the Vennel, afore, at the heid o the than-mucklemaist invasion force tae attack Scotland, he asieged Caerlaverock Castle. Efter Caerlaverock yieldit hinderly, Edward passt throu Dumfries again as he crosst the Nith so as tae tak the invasion tae [[Gallowa]]. Wi the Scots nobility haein requeestit assistance fae the [[Haly See]] for thair cause, Edward on his retour tae Caerlaverock wis praisentit wi a missive directit tae him bi [[Pape Boniface VIII]]. Edward haudit coort in Dumfries that he greed grudgin til a parley. On 30 October, the parley soleecitit bi Boniface wis adheebitit bi Edward at Dumfries. Letters fae Edward, datit at Dumfris, wis sent tae his subordinates ootthrou Scotland, orderin thaim tae gie effect tae the treaty. The peace wis tae last until Whitsunday in the follaein year.<ref name=autogeneratedhist /> Afore becomin [[Scots monarchs|Keeng o Scots]], [[Robert the Bruce]] slaw his rival the [[John III Comyn, Laird o Badenoch|Red Comyn]] at [[Greyfriar's Kirk]] in the toun on 10 Februar 1306. His switherin aboot the fatality o his stobbin caused yin o his follaers, [[Roger de Kirkpatrick]], tae mooth the famous "A mak siccar" an feenish the Red Comyn aff. Bruce wis excommunicatit subsequent as an upshot, less for the murther nor its location. Regairdless, for the Bruce the dice wis casten at the maument in Greyfriars an sae begoud his campaign bi force for the independence o Scotland. Swuirds wis drawn bi supporters o baith sides, the buirial grund o the Monastery becomin the theatre o battle. Bruce an his pairty than attackit Dumfries Castle. The English gairison surrendert an for the third time in the day Bruce wis victorious. He wis crount King o Scotland scrimp seiven week efter. Bruce later triumpht at the [[Battle o Bannockburn]] an led Scotland tae independence. Aince Edward hid received wird o the revolution that hid startit in Dumfries, he again raised an airmy an invadit Scotland. Dumfries wis again subjectit til the control o Bruce's enemys. [[Christopher Seton|Sir Christopher Seton]] (Bruce's guid-brither) hid been capturt at [[Loch Doon]] an wis hurrit tae Dumfries tae be tried for traison in general an mair speceefic for bein praisent at the Red Comyn's killin. In 1306 an alang wi twa companions, Seton wis condammt an executit bi [[hangin]] an than [[heidin (decaptitation)]] at the site o whit is noo St Mary's Kirk. [[File:Burns Statue and Greyfriars, Dumfries.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Greyfriars Kirk an Burns Statue|alt=]] In 1659 ten weemen wis accuised o sindry acts o witchcraft bi Dumfries Kirk Session awtho the Kirk Session meenits itsel records anely nine witches. The Justiciary Coort fand thaim guilty o the several airticles o witchcraft an on 13 Apryle atween 2 pm an 4 pm thay wis takken til the Whitesands, strangelt at stakes, an thair bouks burnt til ess.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/dumfstory09.html |title=Dumfries Museum |publisher=Dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2020-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218025748/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/dumfstory09.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===18t century=== Contra the funtain in Dumfries High Street, adjacent til the praisent [[Marks & Spencer]], wis the Commercial an later the County Hotel. Awtho the latter wis demolisht in 1984-5, the oreeginal facade o the biggin wis reteenit an incorporatit intae new retail premises.[https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200362756-79-high-street-county-hotel-nith-ward] The biggin noo hooses a Waterstanes beukshap. Room No. 6 o the hottle wis kenned as [[Charles Edward Stuart|Bonnie Prince Charlie]]'s Room an wis cairpetit appropriate in the [[Ryal Stewart tartan]]. The timmer panellin o Prince Charlie's Room wis lairgely reinstatit an pentit complete wi the ile-pentit laundskips bi Robert Norie (1720-1766)[https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/artists/james-norie-senior] in the owermantels at baith ends o the room an can yet be seen up the stairs as a shawroom o the beukshap.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Norie Family|url=https://archive.org/details/noriefamily0000holl|last=Holloway|first=James|publisher=National Galleries of Scotland|year=1994|isbn=0903598442|location=Edinburgh|pages=[https://archive.org/details/noriefamily0000holl/page/27 27]}}</ref> The [[Charles Edward Stuart|Young Pertender]] hid his heidquarters here durin a 3-day stey in Dumfries taewart the end o 1745. £2,000 wis demandit bi the Prince, thegither wi 1,000 brogues for his kilted [[Jacobite risin o 1745|Jacobite]] rebel airmy, that wis campin in a field no 100 yaird awa. A clatter that the [[Duke o Cumberland]] wis approachin made Bonnie Prince Charlie decide tae leave wi his airmy, wi anely £1,000 an 255 pair o shuin haein been haundit ower.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/travel/burns1.htm |title=Walks in Burns Country – Town Centre |publisher=Electricscotland.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> [[Robert Burns]] flittit tae Dumfriesshire in 1788 an tae Dumfries itsel in 1791, bidin there until his deith on 21 Julie 1796. The day's [[Greyfriar's Kirk]] leuks ower the location o a Burns statue that wis designt bi [[Amelia Paton Hill]], sculptit in Carrara, Italy in 1892, an wis unveilt bi futur [[Prime meenister]], [[Archibald Primrose, 5t Yerl o Rosebery]] on 6 Apryle 1882.<ref name="burnsstatue">{{cite web|url=http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=12973 |title=Burns Statue, Dumfries with Tam O'Shanter and Souter Johnnie statues "on tour", c 1900 |publisher=National Burns Collection |accessdate=29 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115946/http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=12973 |archivedate=26 August 2014 }}</ref> The day it featurs on the 2007 series o £5 paper notes issue't bi the [[Bank of Scotland]], alangside wi the [[Brig o Doon]].<ref name="scotbanks">{{cite web|url=http://www.scotbanks.org.uk/banknotes_current_bank_of_scotland.php|title=Current Banknotes: Bank of Scotland|publisher=The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers|accessdate=17 October 2008}}</ref> Efter wirkin wi [[Patrick Miller o Dalswinton|Patrick Miller o Dalswintoun]], inventor [[William Symington]] ettle't tae cairy a trial oot sae as tae shaw that an ingine wad wirk on a boat withoot the boat catchin fire. The trial teuk place hinderly on Dalswintoun Loch near Dumfries on 14 October 1788. The experiment demonstratit that a steam ingine wad wirk on a boat. Symington gaed on tae become the builder o the first practical steamboat. ===20t century an ayont=== [[File:New bridge 4.jpg|thumb|Buccleuch Street Brig, Dumfries]] The first ineetial hint that [[RAF Dumfries]] wis tae be built wis made in late 1938. The site chosen hid accomodatit licht aircraft syne aboot 1914. Wark oncam quickly, an on 17 Juin 1940, the [[18 Maintenance Unit]] wis appent at Dumfries. The role o the steid durin the war encompasst trainin an aw. RAF Dumfries hid a maument o danger on 25 Mairch 1943, whan a German [[Dornier Do 217]] aircraft shot the airfield baikon up, bit rattelt shortlins efterwart. The pilot, Oberleutnant Martin Piscke wis later buiried in [[Troqueer]] Cemetery in Dumfries toun, wi fu military honours. On the nicht o 3-4 August 1943 a [[Vickers Wellington]] bomber wi ingine problems divertit tae Dumfries bit rattelt 1.5 mile short of the runwey.<ref name="Dumfriesaviationmuseum.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.dumfriesaviationmuseum.com/ |title=Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Museum |publisher=Dumfriesaviationmuseum.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> In [[Warld War II]] the feck o the [[Norse Airmy]] durin thair years o exile in Breetain conseestit o a brigade o in Dumfries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dumfries remembers role as home to Norwegian army |author=Giancarlo Rinaldi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-11685262 |newspaper on 16 =[[BBC Scotland]] |date=4 November 2010 |accessdate=28 April 2013}}</ref> When the army High Command teuk ower, the war 70 officers and aboot 760 preevats in the camp. The camp wis estaiblisht in Juin 1940 an name't ''Norwegian Reception Camp'', conseestin o some 500 men an weemen, mainly Norse that hid volunteert for war duty in Norawa durin the [[Nazi occupeetion]] in early 1940. Throu the simmer the nummer wis accresst tae aroond 1,500 unner the commaund o General [[Carl Gustav Fleischer]]. Within a wheen o miles o Dumfries is the veelages o [[Tynwald, Dumfries an Gallowa|Tynwald]], [[Torthorwald]], an [[Moosal]], that aw wis sattle't bi [[Vikings]]. Dumfries his experience't twa Boxin Day [[yirdquauks]]. This anes wis in 1979 (measurin 4.7 {{mag|l}} centred near [[Langtoon]])<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://sjg.lyellcollection.org/content/38/2/113|title=The felt effects of the Carlisle earthquake of 26 December 1979|first1=R. M. W.|last1=Musson|first2=P. H. O.|last2=Henni|date=1 December 2002|publisher=|journal=Scottish Journal of Geology|volume=38|issue=2|pages=113–125|via=sjg.lyellcollection.org|doi=10.1144/sjg38020113}}</ref> an in 2006 (centred in the Dumfries destrict measuring 3.6 {{mag|l}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/macroseismics/dumfries_2006_macro.htm |title=Dumfries Earthquake 26 December 2006 |work=British Geological Survey |url-status=dead |accessdate=30 January 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309214103/http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/macroseismics/dumfries_2006_macro.htm |archivedate=9 March 2011 }}</ref> Thare wisna ony sairious consequences in baith yins. The war an aw a yirdquauk on 16 Februar 1984<ref>Redmayne D. W., 1984. £The Dumfries earthquake of 16 February 1984£. ''BGS; Global Seismology Report'' No. 241</ref> an anither yirdquauk on 7 Juin 2010.<ref>[http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/recent_events/20100607173319.3.html]{{dead link|date=August 2011}}</ref> ==Demographics== The National Records for Scotland mid 2012 upcastit population o Dumfries wis reportit as 33,280.<ref name=2012pop2a>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab2a.pdf |title="Mid-2012 Populations Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland, table 2a" National Records for Scotland. Access date = 27 October 2014 |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2019-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204064320/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab2a.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=2012pop3a>[http://gro-scotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab3a.pdf "Mid-2012 Populations Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland, table 3a" National Records for Scotland. Access date = 27 October 2014]</ref> ==Namely fowk== {{For|a list o aw folk fae Dumfries wi a Wikipedia airticle|Category:Fowk frae Dumfries}} [[File:Robert Burns House, Dumfries.jpg|left|thumb|Robert Burns Hoose in Dumfries]] [[File:Plaque of Notable Students at Dumfries Academy.jpg|thumb|upright|Plaque o namely fowk fae Dumfries Academy]] A nummer o weel-kenned fowk wis eddicatit at [[Dumfries Academy]], amang thaim [[Henry Duncan (meenister)|Henry Duncan]], meenister and foonder o the warld's first commercial saufins baunk; Sir [[James Anderson]], that caiptaint the [[SS Great Eastern]] on the [[trans-Atlantic cable]] layin vaiges in 1865 an 1866; [[J. M. Barrie]], scriever o [[Peter Pan]]; [[John Law Hume]], muisicker in the orchestra on the [[RMS Titanic]]; [[Jane Haining]], missionar for the Kirk o Scotland in Hungary; [[Alexander Knox Helm]], diplomat; [[John Laurie]], actor (Private Fraser in ''[[Dad's Army]]''); [[Christian Jane Fergusson]], airtist; Sir [[Robin Philipson]], airtist; [[John Hanson (sanger)|John Hanson]], sangster; [[Alex Graham (cairtoonist)|Alex Graham]], cairtoonist best kenned for the [[Fred Basset]] series; an [[Jock Wishart]], that in 1998 set a new warld record for circumnavigatin the globe in a pouert veshel. [[Roger White (executive)|Roger White]], CEO of saft-drinks group [[A.G. Barr]], is a local lad that gaed tae the Dumfries Academy. Follaein [[William A. F. Browne]]'s 1838 appyntment as superintendant o the Crichton Hospital, his son, [[James Crichton-Browne]], psychiatrist, neurologist, an medical psychologist, wis eddicatit at the Academy. [[William Charles Wells]], predecessor tae [[Charles Darwin]] on the theory o [[Naitural selection]] wis anither yin that wis eddicatit in Dumfries. Geologist [[Robert Harkness]] wis eddicatit in Dumfries an bade consequent in the toun. Sir [[Frank Williams (Formula One)|Frank Williams]] o F1 motor-racin fame wis eddicatit at [[St Joseph's College, Dumfries]] as wis [[Charles Forte, Baron Forte]], foonder o the leisur an hottles conglomerate Forte Group. St Joseph's wis foondit bi [[Brither Wilfrid]], the foonder o [[Celtic F.C.]]. International chairt-tappin record producer [[Calvin Harris]] is fae Dumfries. Dumfries wis the hametoun of Harris until he left in 2008. [[Ray Wilson (musicker)|Ray Wilson]], lead sangster o [[Stiltskin]] an later [[Genesis (baund)|Genesis]] wis born in Dumfries as wis the musickers [[Geoffrey Kelly]], [[Ian Carr]], an [[Emma's Imagination]] sangster [[Emma Gillespie]] is fae Dumfries. Opera sangster [[Nicky Spence]] wis born in Dumfries as wis [[Britain's Got Talent]] sangster [[Andrew Johnston (singer)|Andrew Johnston]]. [[Nigel Sinclair CBE]] is a [[Hollywood]] pictur producer. [[Michael Carter (actor)|Michael Carter]]'s actin career his seen him appear in a variety o productions rangin fae ''[[Return o the Jedi]]'' tae ''[[Rebus (TV series)|Rebus]]''. Dumfries his produce't a steidy rin o professional [[fitbaw]]ers an manager. The best-kenned fitbawers o thair era tae come fae Dumfries is aiblins [[Dave Halliday]],<ref name=qosleg>{{cite web|url=http://www.qosfc.com/Legends |title="Queens legends" on the official Queen of the South FC website |publisher=Qosfc.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> [[Ian Dickson (fitbawer)|Ian Dickson]],<ref name=qosleg/> [[Bobby Ancell]], [[Billy Houliston]],<ref name=qosleg/> [[Jimmy McIntosh]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=616|title=QosFC: Jimmy McIntosh|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2015-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407092446/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=616|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Willie McNaught]], an [[Ted McMinn]].<ref name=qosleg/> Halliday, Dickson, Houliston, an McMinn played for the hame toun club [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen o the Sooth FC]] durin thair careers. [[Dominic Matteo]]<ref name = "matteo">{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=1135|title=QosFC: Dominic Matteo autobiography review|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2015-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407145352/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=1135|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=autogeneratedbarry>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=615|title=QosFC: Barry Nicholson|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2015-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629140210/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=615|url-status=dead}}</ref> wis born in Dumfries bit flittit tae England whan he wis a young boy.<ref name=autogeneratedbarry /> [[Barry Nicholson]] lost 4-3 tae Queens playin for [[Aberdeen F.C.]] in the 2008 [[Scots Cup]] semi-feenals in maugre o scorin<ref name=qoshist>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/History |title=Queen of the South club history |publisher=Qosfc.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> again the team he supportit as a boy. Ancell, Houliston, McNaught, an Nicholson hae representit England at unner-21 level and wis jyned bi havin duin sae in saison 2010-11 bi [[Cammy Bell]] an [[Grant Hanley]]. Matteo gaint 6 fu kaips for Scotland<ref name=autogeneratedbarry /> efter haein representit England at unner-21 level. Halliday wis owerleukit bi Scotland in fauvour o [[Hughie Gallacher]].<ref name=qosleg/> Gallacher played for The Queens bit wisna fae Dumfries. It wis as a manager raither nor a player that [[Thomas Mitchell (football manager)|Thomas Mitchell]] made his name as a multiple [[FA Cup]] winner at [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/Legends |title=Connections between Dumfries and Blackburn Rovers in the Queen of the South profile on Jackie Oakes |publisher=Qosfc.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> afore jynin Woolwich Arsenal as [[Arsenal F.C.]] wis than name't. Dumfries is an aw the hametoun o three-times [[24 Oors o Le Mans]] winner [[Allan McNish]]<ref name = "mcnish">{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=638|title=QosFC: Allan McNish (part 2)|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2014-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021105352/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=638|url-status=dead}}</ref> as it wis tae [[David Leslie (racing driver)|David Leslie]].<ref name = "mcnish" /><ref name = "mcnish" /> Scotland [[rugby union]] internationalists [[Duncan Hodge]], [[Nick De Luca]], [[Craig Hamilton]], an [[Alex Dunbar]] wis born in Dumfries as wis perfaisonal gowfers [[Andrew Coltart]]<ref name=autogeneratedcoltart>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=649|title=QosFC: Andrew Coltart|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2015-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629133946/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=649|url-status=dead}}</ref> an [[Robert Dinwiddie (golfer)|Robert Dinwiddie]]. [[Curlin]] warld kemps [[David Murdoch]], [[Euan Byers]], an [[Craig Wilson (curler)|Craig Wilson]] wis aw born in Dumfries. Umwhile [[Dairts]] kemp [[Rab Smith]] is anither ''Doonhamer''. [[BBC]] braidcaster [[Kirsty Wark]] wis born in the toun as wis fallae braidcaster [[Stephen Jardine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=634|title=QosFC: Stephen Jardine|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2015-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629155509/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=634|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Neil Oliver]] (archaeologist, historian, scriever, an braidcaster growed up in [[Ayr]] an Dumfries. Scriever an earth scientist [[Dougal Dixon]] is fae Dumfries. [[Hunter Davies]] (scriever, jurnalist, an braidcaster) bade in Dumfries for 4 year as a boy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/Legends |title=Hunter Davies memories of Dumfries in the profile on Billy Houliston |publisher=Qosfc.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> [[James Hannay (scriever)|James Hannay]], asides bein a scriever an jurnalist spent the last 5 year o his life as the Breetish consul in [[Barcelona]]. [[John Mayne (makar)|John Mayne]] wis born in Dumfries in 1759 an contreebutit in the field o poetry. [[Warld War I]] makar [[William Hamilton (Breetish Airmy officer)|William Hamilton]] wis anither wan born in Dumfries. [[Archibald Gracie]], shippin magnate an business tycoon in the USA, wis fae Dumfries. [[John McFarlane (Breetish businessman)|John McFarlane]], CEO of Australie an New Zealand Banking Group Limited ([[ANZ]])) oreeginates fae the toun, as dis [[William (Bill) Nelson (ADFP)]] that wis an aw wi ANZ (umwhile [[AXA]], [[AMP Limited]], and [[Westpac]]) an an aw faither o [[Alice Nelson]], noo CEO of Centurion Wealth Advisors. The airchitect [[George Corson]] that wirked mainly in [[Leeds]], England, wis born in Dumfries and article't tae [[Walter Newall]] in the toun. Politeecian [[David Mundell]] wis born in Dumfries as wis [[William Dickson (Upper Canada)|William Dickson]], [[William Pattison Telford Sr.]], an [[Ambrose Blacklock]], aw that made thair merk poleetical in [[Canadae]]. Malcolm H. Wright, faither o [[Sophie B. Wright]] - New Orleans eddicator an pioneer for weemen's and childer's richts. Suffragette an feminist campaigner [[Dora Marsden]] spent the last 25 year o her life being care't for in Dumfries efter her psychological foonder. [[Ian Gibson (politician)|Dr. Ian Gibson]] is anither tae leave his merk on politeecs. [[James Edward Tait]] wis a Dumfries-born recipient o the [[Victoria Cross]]. [[William Robertson (VC)|William Robertson]] an [[Edward Spence (VC)|Edward Spence]] are ither Victoria Cross recipients. [[Robert Jenkinson, 2nt Yerl o Liverpuil]], UK Prime meenister fae 1812 tae 1827, wis quartert in Dumfries in 1796 durin his military service. [[David Haggart]] wis a Scots thief an rogue that in 1820 in his escape fae Dumfries Gaol (the site is noo occupeed bi Thomson's the Jewellers) kilt a preeson officer. He wis hangit in Edinburgh in 1821. His deectatit memoir publisht as a chapbeuk<ref>[https://digital.nls.uk/chapbooks-printed-in-scotland/archive/104184943 Life of David Haggart who was executed at Edinburgh, 18 July 1821 for the murder of the Dumfries jailor]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, National Library of Scotland. Retrieved: 25 July 2019.</ref> becam the subject o the pictur ''Sinful Davey'' starnin [[John Hurt]]. A plaque on the waw on the site o the King's Airms Hottle, noo Boots the Chemist's, records the presence there in 1829 o William Burke o the notour [[Burke an Hare murthers]]. He wis traivelin tae Ireland efter the trial; his veesit caused a near royet.<ref>[https://digital.nls.uk/broadsides/view/?id=15239 Broadside entitled 'Riot at Dumfries! Hares Arrival']{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} National Library of Scotland. Retrieved: 25 July 2019.</ref> [[John Richardson (naituralist)|John Richardson]], [[naituralist]], explorer, an naval surgeon wis born in Dumfries as wis [[John Craig (mathematician)|John Craig]], [[mathematician]], an [[James Crichton]], [[polymath]]. [[Benjamin Bell]] efter bein born in Dumfries gaed on tae become considert the first Scots scienteefic surgeon. His ieroe wis [[Joseph Bell]] that [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] his creeditit [[Sherlock Holmes]] as bein lowse sted on fae Bell's obversant mainer. Doyle's faither, airtist [[Charles Altamont Doyle]] deed in the [[The Crichton Ryal Institution]] an is buirit in the High Cemetery in Dumfries.<ref>[https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=Charles_Altamont_Doyle Charles Altamont Doyle], The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. Retrieved: 25 July 2019.</ref> [[Thomas Peter Anderson Stuart]] left Dumfries tae gang on an foond the [[University of Sydney Medical School]]. [[John Allan Broun]]'s contreebution tae science wis his diskiverys aroond magnetism an meteorology. [[James Braid (surgeon)|James Braid]], surgeon an pioneer o [[hypnosis|hypnotism]] an [[hypnotherapy]], practice't in Dumfries fae 1825 tae 1828 in pairtnery wi William Maxwell. [[Ian Callum]] is kenspeckle't in the warld o motor ingineerin. A [[Kirk o Scotland]] meenister the Rev. John Ewart o [[Troqueer]] in [[Kirkcoubrieshire]] produce't eleiven childers that some hae made a namely merk. [[Peter Ewart]] wis an ingineer that wis influential in developin the technologys o [[turbines]] an theories o thermodynamics. His brither [[Joseph Ewart]] becam the Breetish ambassador tae [[Proushie]]. [[John Ewart]], a doctor, becam Chief Inspector o [[East Indie Company]] infirmarys in [[Indie]]. [[William Ewart]], faither of [[William Ewart (Breetish politeecian)|William Ewart]], politeecian, wis a business pairtner o Sir John Gladstones, faither o fower-times Prime meenister [[William Ewart Gladstone]]. Gladstone junior wis name't efter Ewart, his godfather. ==Climate== As wi the lave o the [[Breetish Isles]], Dumfries experiences a [[Oceanic climate|maritime climate]], wi cuil simmers an myld winters. It is yin o the no sae snawy locations in Scotland acause o its sheltert law-liein poseetion in the soothwast o the kintra. Fae 2 Julie 1908 the toun haudit the record for the heichest temperatur readin in Scotland, 32.8&nbsp;°C (91.0&nbsp;°F) until bein surpasst in [[Greycrook]], Borders, on 9 August 2003.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[UKMO]] |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/ws/print.html |title=1908 temperature |accessdate=30 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103082750/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/ws/print.html |archivedate=3 November 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> {{Weather box |location = Dumfries 49m asl, 1961–1990, extremes 1951–1980 |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 14.3 |Feb record high C = 13.3 |Mar record high C = 17.8 |Apr record high C = 19.3 |May record high C = 25.2 |Jun record high C = 28.3 |Jul record high C = 32.8 |Aug record high C = 28.6 |Sep record high C = 25.6 |Oct record high C = 22.8 |Nov record high C = 15.6 |Dec record high C = 13.9 |year record high C = 32.8 |Jan high C = 6.0 |Feb high C = 6.2 |Mar high C = 8.3 |Apr high C = 11.1 |May high C = 14.3 |Jun high C = 17.2 |Jul high C = 18.5 |Aug high C = 18.2 |Sep high C = 15.7 |Oct high C = 12.9 |Nov high C = 8.6 |Dec high C = 6.8 |year high C = 11.9 |Jan low C = 0.7 |Feb low C = 0.6 |Mar low C = 1.8 |Apr low C = 3.3 |May low C = 5.8 |Jun low C = 8.8 |Jul low C = 10.5 |Aug low C = 10.4 |Sep low C = 8.6 |Oct low C = 6.3 |Nov low C = 2.6 |Dec low C = 1.3 |year low C = 5.0 |Jan record low C = −13.9 |Feb record low C = −11.1 |Mar record low C = −12.2 |Apr record low C = −3.9 |May record low C = −2.2 |Jun record low C = 0.6 |Jul record low C = 2.8 |Aug record low C = 2.2 |Sep record low C = -1.1 |Oct record low C = -3.9 |Nov record low C = −9.0 |Dec record low C = −10.6 |year record low C = −13.9 |Jan precipitation mm = 110 |Feb precipitation mm = 76 |Mar precipitation mm = 81 |Apr precipitation mm = 53 |May precipitation mm = 72 |Jun precipitation mm = 63 |Jul precipitation mm = 71 |Aug precipitation mm = 93 |Sep precipitation mm = 104 |Oct precipitation mm = 117 |Nov precipitation mm = 100 |Dec precipitation mm = 107 |year precipitation mm = 1047 |Jan sun = 44.7 |Feb sun = 68.7 |Mar sun = 98.4 |Apr sun = 145.0 |May sun = 180.1 |Jun sun = 176.7 |Jul sun = 162.2 |Aug sun = 156.7 |Sep sun = 110.8 |Oct sun = 89.8 |Nov sun = 61.5 |Dec sun = 37.9 |year sun = 1333.5 |source 1 = [[Met Office]]<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/sites/10.html | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20010210225728/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/sites/10.html | archivedate =10 February 2001 | title = Dumfries 1961-90 averages | accessdate = 5 November 2011 | publisher = [[Met Office]]}}</ref> |source 2 = [[ScotClim]]<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.weather.org.uk/climate/scotclim.html | title = Dumfries 1951-1980 extremes | accessdate = 5 November 2011 | publisher = [[ScotClim]]}}</ref> |date=November 2011 }} ==Geography== [[File:auld brig dumfries.jpg|thumb|Devorgilla Brig wi Auld Brig Hoose Museum at the end o the furthest span fae the camera]] [[File:Dumfries Suspension Bridge.jpg|thumb|Whitesands suspension footbridge ower the Nith]] [[File:Fountain and midsteeple.jpg|thumb|upright|The funtain an midsteeple on Dumfries High St]] [[File:1990dumfrieswhitesands.jpg|thumb|Whitesands, fae Buccleuch Street]] [[File:River Nith.jpg|thumb|River Nith]] Like the lave o [[Dumfries an Gallowa]], o Scotland's three major geographical areas Dumfries is locatit in the [[Soothren Uplands]]. The [[River Nith]] flowes throu Dumfries taewart the [[Solway Firth]] in a soothwart direction cleavin the toun intae East an Wast. At law tide, the sea recedes tae sic an extent on the shallae slopin sands o the Solway that the lenth o the Nith is stendit bi 8 mile to 70.7 mile at the maist. This maks the Nith Scotland's seivent langest river. The're several brigs crossin the river within the toun. Atween the [[Dervorguilla o Gallowa|Dervorguilla]] Brig (kenned as "The Auld Brig" an aw) an the suspension brig is a [[weir]] kenned colloquial as "The Caul". In wetter months o the year the Nith can fluid the surroondin streets. Dumfries his a thrang o suburbs includin [[Summerhill, Dumfries|Summerhill]], Summerville, [[Troqueer]], Georgetown, Cresswell, Larchfield, Calside, Lochside, Lincluden, [[Newbridge Drive, Dumfries|Newbridge Drive]], Sandside, Heathhall, [[Locharbriggs]], Noblehill, an Marchmount. [[Maxwelltoun]] tae the wast o the River Nith wis ae-time a burgh in its ain richt within the [[Kirkcoubrieshire|Stewarty o Kirkcoubrie]] until its incorporation intae Dumfries in 1938; Summerhill, [[Troqueer]], Lochside, Lincluden, and Sandside is amang ither suburbs locatit on the Maxwelltoun side o the river. [[Palmerston Park]], hame til the toun's senior fitbaw team [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen o the Sooth F.C.]], is on Terregles Street, on the Maxwelltoun side o the river an aw. Queensberry Square an High Street is the central focal pynts o the toun an the area hosts mony o the historical, social, an commercial enterpreeses an events o Dumfries. Durin the 1990s, thir areas enjeyed various aesthetic acknawledgements fae organizations includin [[Britain in Bloom]]. ==Governance== Scots communitys grantit [[Ryal Burgh]] status bi the monarch gairdit jealous the honour an wi fushion. Ridin the Mairches maintains the tradeetion o an occasion that wis, in its day, o muckle importance. Dumfries his been a Ryal Burg syne 1186, its chairter bein grantit bi [[William the Lion|Keeng William the Lion]] in a muive that enshuirt the lealty o its ceetizens til the Monarch. Awtho faur fae the centre o pouer in Scotland, Dumfries hid obvious strategic significance sittin as it dis on the edge o [[Gallowa]] an bein the centre o control for the soothwast o Scotland. Wi the [[River Nith]] on twa sides an the Lochar Moss on anither, Dumfries wis a toun wi guid naitural defences. Consequently, it wis niver completely wawed. A carefu ee yet hit tae be keept on the clear define't boonds o the burgh, a task that hid tae be unnertakkin ilk year bi the [[Mayor|Provost]], [[bailies]], [[burgesses]], an ithers within the toun. Neebourin lairds micht try tae encroach on the toun boonds, or the Mairches as thay wis kenned, muivin thaim back 100 yaird or sae tae thair ain benefit. It hid tae be made clear tae onybody thinkin o or tryin tae encroach that they daurna dae sae. In retour for the Ryal status o the toun an the fauvour o the King, the provost an the cooncil, alang wi ither wirthy fowk hid tae be diligent in enshuirin the boonds wis strictly observed. Awtho steepit in history, Scotland's burghs remeent the fundament o the kintra's seestem o local government for centurys. Burgh status conferred on its ceetizens the richt tae elect thair ain toun cooncils, rin thair ain affairs, an raise thair ain local taxs or rates. In 1974 the burghs becam pairt o lairger destricts an regions. Thae boonds lost the significance thay wis grantit bi Ryal statute. Auncient titles like provost an bailie wis shauchelt aff or reteent anely for ceremonial purposes. Robes an cheens aften fand thair wey intae museums as a myndin o the past. Dumfries remeens a centre o government for a much muckler area nor juist the toun itsel. Bit its fowk, the Doonhamers yet reteen a pride in thair toun an distinctive identity. This is niver mair sae nor durin the week-lang Guid Nychburris Festival an its heichlicht the Ridin o the Mairches tat taks place on the third Seturday in Juin ilk year. ===Politics=== Dumfries is locatit in the [[Subdiveesions o Scotland|cooncil area]] o [[Dumfries an Gallowa]]. It is the seat o the local cooncil, whase heidquarters is locatit on the edge o the toun centre. Until 1995 Dumfries wis an aw hame til the cooncil for the local destrict o [[Nithsdale]]. Dumfries lens its name an aw til the [[Lieutenancy areas o Scotland|lieutenancy area]] o Dumfries, that is seemilar in boonds til the forgane [[Dumfriesshire]] coonty. Dumfries is situatit in the [[Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick|UK Pairlament]] constituency of [[Dumfries an Gallowa (UK Pairlament constituency)|Dumfries an Gallowa]] that is representit bi [[Alister Jack]] o the [[Scots Conservative Pairty]] For [[Scots Pairlament]] elections, Dumfries is in the [[Sooth Scotland]] electoral area an cleaved atween twa constituencys. The wastlin wairds o Abbey and North Wast Dumfries is in the constituency o [[Gallowa an Wast Dumfries (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Gallowa and Wast Dumfries]], and the eastlin wairds o Nith an Lochar is in the constituency o [[Dumfriesshire (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Dumfriesshire]]. The respecive MSPs is [[Finlay Carson]] an [[Oliver Mundell]], baith o the [[Scots Conservative Pairty]]. On the Dumfries an Gallowa cooncal, Dumfries is kivert bi fower 4-seat wairds: Abbey, Lochar, Nith, and North Wast Dumfries. North Wast Dumfries is the anely waird that alanerly kivers areas within the toun itsel, wi the tithers incorporating ootwith areas. In the 2017 cooncil election, thir wairds electit 6 [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour]], 5 [[Scots Conservative Pairty|Conservative]], and 4 [[Scots Naitional Pairty|SNP]] cooncillors. ==Economy== Dumfries his a lang history as a [[coonty toun]], an as the [[mercat toun]] o a surroondin rural hinterland. Dumfries is a relatively weel-aff community bit the toun centre his been exposed til the centrifugal forces that hae seen retail, business, eddicational, residential, an ither uisses gravitate taewart the toun's urban freenge.<ref>[http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/Dumgal/Documents.aspx?id=12338 DGC -Document: Dumfries Town Centre Urban Design Strategy – Part 1] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215015236/http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/Dumgal/Documents.aspx?id=12338 |date=15 February 2008 }}</ref> This wis startit in the 1980s wi the biggin o the Dumfries bypass. The immediate effect o this wis as ettle't the diversion o transitin traffeck awa fae the toun centre. This brocht wi it an accompanyin reduction in economic inpit til the toun centre. The seicont effect o this his been mair pronoonce't. Sites near til the bypass hae attractit development tae utilize the bypass as a heich-speed urban hiewey withoot the bottlenecks o the toun centre and withoot the constreenin leemitit toun centre pairkin. Ina bid tae re-brisken up development in Dumfries toun centere, baith economically an in a social context, several strategys hae been propone't bi the controllin authoritys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriesregeneration.co.uk |title=MiniWeb: Regeneration & Europe – Dumfries Town Centre |publisher=Dumfriesregeneration.co.uk |date=15 August 2011 |accessdate=24 August 2011 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Cultur== Dumfries got its eik-name ''Queen o the Sooth'' fae David Dunbar, a local makar,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telinco.co.uk/RobertTemple/Hrkiv6.htm#t1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031105133946/http://www.telinco.co.uk/RobertTemple/Hrkiv6.htm#t1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 November 2003 |title=Robert Temple Bibliographical Archive |publisher=Telinco.co.uk |date=2 March 2008 |accessdate=24 August 2011 }}</ref> that in 1857 stuid in the general election. In yin o his addresses he cried Dumfries "Queen o the Sooth" and this becam synonymous wi the toun.<ref name=qoshist/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ritchie |first=Robert |url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/features/Best-town-nickname.5509952.jp |title="Best town nickname" The Scotsman 1st&nbsp;August&nbsp;2009 |publisher=Thescotsman.scotsman.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> The term ''doonhamer'' comes fae the wey that natives of Dumfries ower the years hae referred til the aera whan wirking away fae hame. The toun is aften reffered tae as "doon hame" (down home) in the [[Scots leid]]. The term ''doonhamer'' follaed, tae descrive thaim that origeenate fae Dumfries.<ref name=qoshist/> The Doonhamers is an aw the eik-name o [[Queen of the South F.C.]] that represent Dumfries an the surroondin area in the [[Scottish Football League]].<ref name=qoshist/> The creest conteens the wirds "A Lore Burne". In the history o Dumfries near to the toun wis the quaw that the Loreburn ran throu whase name becam the rallyin cry o the toun in times o attack - "A Lore Burne" meanin "til the lairie burn".<ref name=qoshist/><ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/frames.html |title=Dumfries and Galloway Museums and Galleries on-line |publisher=Dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2020-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711222022/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/frames.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2017 Dumfries wis rankit the happiest place in Scotland bi [[Rightmove]].<ref name=happy>[http://www.itv.com/news/border/2017-10-11/dumfries-ranked-the-happiest-place-to-live-in-scotland/ "Dumfries ranked the happiest place to live in Scotland" www.itv.com 11 October 2017]</ref> ===Museums=== [[File:Camera Obscura, Dumfries.JPG|thumb|upright|left|[[Dumfries Museum]] an camera obscura]] Locatit on tap o a wee hill, [[Dumfries Museum]] is centre't on the 18t-century windmill that staunds abuin the toun. Includit is fossil fit-dunts left bi prehistoric reptiles, the wildlife of the Solway mosses, tuils an wappens o the earliest fowk o the region, an stane cairvins o Scotland's first Christians. On the tap fluir o the museum is a [[camera obscura]].<ref name=autogenerated3 /> sted in the control tour near Tinwald Downs, the aviation museum his an extensive indoor ootset o memorabilia that strives tae preserve [[aviation]] heritage, a hantle o it that his come via various rekivery acteevitys. Durin the Seicont Warld War, aerial navigation was taucht at Dumfries and [[Wigtoun]] an aw, an nearby [[Annan]] wis a fechter trainin unit. [[RAF Dumfries]] doobelt as an important maintenance unit an storange unit. The museum is run bi the [[Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Museum]] group an is the anely preevat avaiation museum in Scotland.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk |title=Dumfries and Galloway Museums |publisher=Dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk |date=1 August 1999 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2020-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222132412/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The restore't control tour o the foregane Warld War II airfield is noo a leetit biggin. The museum is run bi volunteers an hooses a lairge and ever-expandin aircraft collection, aero ingines, and a display ootset o artefacts and personal histories relatin tae aviation, past an praisent. It is hame an aw til the Loch Doon [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfire]]. Baith ceevil aviation an military aviation is representit.<ref name="Dumfriesaviationmuseum.com"/> ===Theatre an Cinema=== [[File:Shakespeare St, Dumfries.jpg|thumb|The Theatre Royal in Dumfries. In the background can be seen the spire o the auld St Andrew's Cathedral: the lave of the biggin burnt doun in 1961<ref>[http://www.standrewsdumfries.org.uk/History_plus.htm St. Andrew's Catholic Church Dumfries website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327015953/http://www.standrewsdumfries.org.uk/History_plus.htm |date=27 March 2014 }}</ref> and wis replace't wi a new kirk on the same site.]] The [[Theatre Royal, Dumfries]] wis built in 1792 an is the auldest wirkin theatre in Scotland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guildofplayers.co.uk/ |title=Guild of Players – Home |publisher=Guildofplayers.co.uk |date=June 2014 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2019-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219150241/http://www.guildofplayers.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The theatre belangs til the Guild o Players that bocht in 1959, tharefore saufin it fae demoleetion, an is run ona volutary basis bi the members o the Guild o Players. It is fondit enteerly bi Guild membership stents and bi box-office quitances takkins. It disna praisently receive ony grant aid taewart runnin costs. In recent years the theatre his been reruift an the ootside refurbisht. It is the venue for the Guild o Players ain productions an for performances fae veesitin companies. Thir include: [[Scottish Opera]], [[TAG]], [[the Borderline]], and [[7:84]]. The [[Robert Burns Centre]] is an airt hoose cinema in Dumfries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbcft.co.uk/ |title=Robert Burns Centre Film Theatre |publisher=Rbcft.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> The Odeon Cinema, that shew mair mainstream picturs, closed its doors in mid-2018. ===Concert an Event Venues=== [[File:DG One, Dumfries, 2007-07-26.jpg|thumb|Construction o DG One centre in 2007]] The Loreburn Haw (whiles kenned colloquial as The Drill Haw)<ref name="culturalprofiles.org.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.culturalprofiles.org.uk/scotland/Units/298.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-04-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152912/http://www.culturalprofiles.org.uk/scotland/Units/298.html |archivedate=6 June 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref> his hostit concerts bi performers sic as [[Black Sabbath]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.black-sabbath.com/tourdates/1970.html |title=1970 Tour |publisher=Black-sabbath.com |accessdate=24 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611151759/http://www.black-sabbath.com/tourdates/1970.html |archivedate=11 June 2011 }}</ref> [[Big Country]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19991022224215/http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Alley/2384/td-1990.html WebCite query result<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[The Proclaimers]], an [[Scottish Opera]].<ref name="culturalprofiles.org.uk"/> The haw his hostit sportin events sic as [[warstlin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wrestling101.com/101/newsitem/1154/ |title=wZw Present The 'Destruction Tour' |publisher=Wrestling101.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2020-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219085931/http://www.wrestling101.com/101/newsitem/1154/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The new DG One sport, fitness, an enterteenment centre becam the principle indoor event venue in Dumfries in 2007,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dgone.co.uk |title=MiniWeb |publisher=DG One |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2019-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101101632/http://dgone.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> bit in October 2014, it closed acause o major defects diskivert in the biggin. Houiver, the refurbisht replenisht biggin reappent tae the public in the simmer o 2019.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dumfries leisure centre with 'unique' failings ready to reopen |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-48761099|accessdate=7January 2020|work=BBC News|date=26 June 2019}}</ref> The Theatre Royal his reappent an aw follaein renovation wark. ===Visual Airts=== Wi a collection o ower 400 Scots pentins, Gracefield Arts Centre hosts a changin programme o exheebeetions featurin regional, national, and internatonal airtists and craft-makkers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/grace.html|title=Gracefield Arts centre|date=|publisher=Dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk|accessdate=24 August 2011|archive-date=2020-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222025418/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/grace.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dumfries Art Trail brings thegither airtists, makkers, gaileries, an craft shaps wi venues accessible aw year roond.<ref>http://www.dumfriesarttrail.wordpress.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920205544/https://dumfriesarttrail.wordpress.com/ |date=2020-09-20 }} DART 2017</ref> ===Festivals=== The're a nummer o festivals that tak place ootthrou the year, maistly sted on tradeetional values. '''''Guid Nychburris''''' ([[Middle Scots leid|Middle Scots]], meanin 'guid neebours') is the main festival o the year, a ceremony that is lairgely sted on the theme o a positive community speerit. The ceremony on Guid Nychburris Day follaes a route an sequence o events laid doun in the mists o time. Formal proceedins start at 7.30 am wi the gaitherin o up tae 250 horses waitin for the courier tae arrive and annunce that the Pursuivant is on his wey, an at 8.00 am leave the Midsteeple an ride oot tae meet the Pursuivant. Thay then proceed to Ride the Mairches an Stob an Nog (merk the boond wi stabs an knags) afore retourin til the Midsteeple at 12.15 pm tae meet the Provost an then the Chairter is proclaimt tae the tounfowk o Dumfries. This is than follaed bi the crounin o the Queen o the Sooth.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guidnychburris.co.uk |title=www.guidnychburris.co.uk |publisher=www.guidnychburris.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822205037/http://www.guidnychburris.co.uk/ |archive-date=22 August 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Syne 2013, Dumfries his seen the annual [[Nithraid]], a wee boat race up the Nith fae Carsethorn, celebratin the toun's historical relationship wi the river. The region is hame an aw tae a nummer o thrivin muisic festivals sic as the Eden Festival (at St Ann's near Moffat), Youthbeatz (Scotland's lairgest free youth muisic festival), the Moniave Folk Festival, Thornhill Music Festival, and Electric Fields at Drumlanrig Castle afore. [[File:Ewart Library entrance.jpg|thumb|Entrance tae the Ewart Library]] ===Leebrary=== The [[Ewart Library]] is a [[Carnegie library]], an wis appent in 1904. Carnegie donatit £10,000 taewart the buildin o the leebrary, an suggestit that it wis name't efter [[William Ewart]], forgane MP for the area, and wha wis key in the introduction o actis o Pairlament in baith England an Scotland relatit til the creaution o public leebrarys.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scotcities.com/carnegie/renaiss.htm|title=Edwardian Renaissance Architecture in Scotland|website=www.scotcities.com|access-date=2019-07-27|archive-date=2019-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910163352/http://www.scotcities.com/carnegie/renaiss.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sport== [[File:Scoreboard cropped.JPG|thumb|left|2008 Scottish Cup semi final result on the scoreboard at Hampden Park]] [[Queen of the South F.C.]] represent Dumfries an the surroondin area in the seicont level o the kintra's [[Scottish Professional Football League|perfaisonal fitbaw seestem]], the [[Scottish Championship]]. [[Palmerston Park]] on Terregles Street is the hame grund o the team. This is on the Maxwelltoun side o the River Nith. Thay raxt the 2008 Scottish Cup Final, losin 3-2 tae [[Rangers F.C.]]. [[Dumries Saints Rugby Club|Dumfries Saints Rugby Club]] is yin o Scotland's auldest rugby clubs having been admeetit til the [[Scots Rugby Union]] in 1876-7 as "Dumfries Rangers". Dumfries hame an aw tae a nummer of gowf coorses: * The Crichton Golf Club * The Dumfries and County Golf Club * The Dumfries and Galloway Golf Club O thae that wis listit anely the Dumfries and Galloway Golf Club is on the Maxwelltoun side of the River Nith. This course is clift intae twa haufs o 9 holes ilk bi the town's [[Castle Douglas]] Road. The club hoose an holes 1 tae 7 an 17 and 18 is on the side nearest tae Summerhill. Holes 8 tae 16 is on the side nearest tae Janefield. The appenin state of the [[2001 Tour o Breetain]] startit in [[Peebles]] and finisht 105.8 mile later in Dumfries. The stage wis wun bi sprent speicialist an ringin [[Tour de France]] green gansey kemp, [[Mark Cavendish]], wi his teammate leid-oot man, [[Mark Renshaw]] finishin seicont. Cavendish hid been schedule't tae be racin in the 2011 [[Vuelta a España]]. Houiver Cavendish wis yin o a nummer o riders tae reteer havin suffert in the searin Spaingie heat. This alloued Cavendish tae be a late addeetion tae the Tour o Breetain line-up in his preparation for whit wis tae be a successfu bid twa week later in the 2001 [[UCI Road World Championship]] - Men's Road Race . Cavendish in a smilin efter-race interview in Dumfries descrived the weet an windy race condeetions throu the Southern Scots stage as 'horrible'.<ref>Tour of Britain, ITV4, 7 pm Sun 11 September 2011</ref> DG One complex includes a national event-sized competeetion soumin puil. The David Keswick Athletic Centre is the principal faceelity in Dumfries for athletics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.runtrackdir.com/details.asp?track=dumfries |title=David Keswick Athletic Centre |publisher=Runtrackdir.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> Dumfries is hame tae [[Nithsale Amateur Rowin Club]]. The rowers skare thair clubhoose wi [[Dumfries Sub-Aqua Club]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Douglas A. Rathburn |url=http://www.oarspotter.com/blades/UK/Club/British_Club.html |title=Blades of the World: British Rowing Clubs |publisher=Oarspotter.com |date=14 July 2011 |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dgstandard.co.uk/tags/rowing/ |title=rowing news and articles – Dumfries and Galloway Standard |publisher=Dgstandard.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> The rowers share their clubhouse with [[Dumfries Sub-Aqua Club]].<ref>[http://website.lineone.net/~tkburnett/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010520163810/http://website.lineone.net/~tkburnett/|date=20 May 2001}}</ref> The toun is hame an aw tae the [[Solway Sharks]] [[Ice hockey]] team. The team is praisently Northern Premier League winners. The team's hame rink is Dumfries Ice Bowl, that is kenned an aw as Scotland's anely center o ice hockey excellence, an trials for the Scottish Jr. national team is cairit oot at this venue. Dumfries Ice Bowl is hame an aw tae twa [[synchronized skeetin]] teams, [[Solway Stars]] and [[Solway Eclipse]]. In addeetion, Dumfries Ice Bowl is hame an aw tae several curliln teams, competeetions, an leagues. Junior curlin teams fae Dumfries, consistin o curlers unner the age o 21, compete raiglar in the Dutch Junion Open sted in Zoetermeer, the Netherlands. In 2007, 2008, an 2009 a Dumfries-sted team hae been the winners o the competeetion's Hogline Tropy. Dumfries hosts three outdoors [[bouls]] clubs:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bowlsclub.org/associations/lawn/GB/SBA17/247/ |title=SBA district 17 |publisher=BowlsClub.org |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2011-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812200844/http://bowlsclub.org/associations/lawn/GB/SBA17/247/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Dumfries Bowling Club]] * [[Marchmount Bowling Club]] * [[Maxwelltown Bowling Club]] Dumfries hosts cyclin organizations an cyclin vacances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dumfriescc.org/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-05-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527161000/http://dumfriescc.org/ |archivedate=27 May 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dandgcycling.care4free.net/ |title=Dumfries and Galloway Cycling Group CTC Section Southwest Scotland, homepage |publisher=Dandgcycling.care4free.net |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitdumfriesandgalloway.co.uk/cycling/ |title=Cycling holidays in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland |publisher=Visitdumfriesandgalloway.co.uk |date=30 September 2003 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819140424/http://www.visitdumfriesandgalloway.co.uk/cycling |archivedate=19 August 2011 }}</ref> ==Eddication== Dumfries haes several primary schuils, aboot yin per key destrict, and fower main seicontary schuils. Aw o thir institutions is governt bi Dumfries an Gallowa Cooncil. the seicontary schuils is; * [[Dumfries Academy]] * [[Dumfries High School]] * [[Maxwelltoun High School]] * [[St Joseph's College]] Dumfries Academy wis a [[grammar school]] until adoptin a comprehensive format in 1983. In 2013 plans for a 'super schuil' wis annunce't. Thir plans wis later dimitit in fauvour o renovatin existin schuils.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-25023668|title=The Dumfries 'super school' project that never took off|first=Giancarlo|last=Rinaldi|date=21 November 2013|publisher=|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> In 199 Scotland's first multi-institutional university campus wis estaiblisht in Dumfries, in the 85-acre Crichton estte. In order o campus presence it is host tae the [[University of the West o Scotland]] (UWS) (kenned as University o Paisley and Bell College afore), [[Dumfries and Galloway College]], and the [[Glesga Varsity|University of Glasgow]]. In its infancy yet, the campus offers a range o degree coorses in initial teacher eddication, business, computin, environmental studies, tourism, heritage, social wark, heal, social studies, nuiricin, liberal airts, an humanities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2007/08/20105300|title=Support for Crichton and South of Scotland|first=Scottish Government, St. Andrew's House, Regent Road, Edinburgh EH1 3DG Tel:0131 556 8400|last=ceu@scotland.gsi.gov.uk|date=20 August 2007|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://crichtoncampus.co.uk/ |title=Crichton University Campus Dumfries – Scotland UK |publisher=Crichtoncampus.co.uk |date=11 July 2006 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814021722/http://crichtoncampus.co.uk/ |archivedate=14 August 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In maugre o a short-leeved threit o closin tae the University o Glasgow pairt o the campus in 2006, a campaign bi students, academics, an local supporters enshuirt that the University of Glasgow remeent appen in Dumfries. The University of Glasgow, syne maintainin its proveesion in Dumfries, his lencht a new unnergraduate programme in primary teachin.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080503004422/http://www.gla.ac.uk/departments/dumfriescampus/undergraduatestudy/primaryeducationwithteachingqualification/]</ref> ==Healcare== [[Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary]] is the principal seicontary care referral centre for Dumfries an Galloway region. It noo includes a maternity wing that replace't the auld Cresswell Maternity Hospital. The [[Crichton Royal Hospital]] is pairt o the Royal Infirmary complex an provides a regional psychiatric, psychological, an speicialist addictions service within Dumfries an Galloway. In 1838 [[Willam A. F Browne]] acceptit the poseetion o Physeecian Superintendant at the newly creatit Crichton. It is at the Chricton that [[Ursula Fleming]] gaint a hantle o her eddication an experience. ==Transport== [[File:Maxwelltown Railway Path, Dumfries (looking towards Hardthorn Road bridge).jpg|thumb|left|Maxwelltown Railwey Paith, Dumfries (leukin taewart Hardthorn Road brig)]] [[File:Dumfries Railway Station 2008-01-18.jpg|thumb|[[Dumfries railwey station]]]] Dumfries is linkit tae the norwart-gaun [[M74 motorwey]] at [[Beattock]] via the [[A701 road]]. The eastwart-gaun [[A75 road]] links Dumfries tae the soothwart-gaun A74 (M), leadin tae the [[M6 Motorwey]] an [[Cairl]]. The westlin-gaun A75 links Dumfries til the ferry port o [[Stranrawer]]. The [[A76 road]] connects tae [[Kilmarnock]] in [[Ayrshire]]. [[Dumfries railwey station]] is locatit on the [[Glasgow South Western Line]]. It wis awairdit Best Station Awards bi [[British Rail]] in 1986 an 1987. The train service is noo operatit bi [[Abellio ScotRail]] that provides services tae [[Glesga Central station]] an Cairl, an no sae aften services direct tae [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]. The nearest station tae Dumfries on the [[West Coast Main Line]] is 14 mile east alang the [[A709 road]] at [[Lockerbie]], an the nearest West Coast Main Line station linkin direct tae Dumfries bi rail is at Cairl. [[Maxwelltoun station]] in the Summerhill destrict o the toun wis closed alang wi the direct line tae Stranrawr via Castle Douglas as pairt o the [[Beeching cuts]] in 1965. Pairt o the disused railwey track in Dumfries wis later convertit til a cycle paith. ==Pairks== The maist significant o the pairks in Dumfries is aw within walkin distance o the toun centre: * Dock Park - locatit on the East baunk o the Nith juist til the sooth o St Michael's brig * Castledykes Park - as the name suggests on the site o a foregane castle * Mill Green (kenned an aw as Deer Park, awtho the deer that wis there hae syne been relocatit) - on the Wast baunk o the Nith conter Whitesands ==Braidcastin== Dumfries is hame tae yin o the 11 BBC studios in Scotland. [[West Sound (Dumfries an Gallowa)|West Sound FM]], pairt o the [[Bauer Media Group]], braidcasts fae Dumfries, an is an aw the main radio station for the area. Community radio station ''Alive 107.3'' braidcasts on 107.3 FM in Dumfries an online.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.info/radio/stations/alive-radio-1073|title=Alive Radio 107.3|publisher=}}</ref> In 2018, Dumfries got a new radio station, ''Dumfries Community Radio''. Kenned an aw as DCR Online, it isna a tradeetional FM radio station, bit an online radio station. ==Local jurnalism== The twa local newspapers that kiver speceefic Dumfries an the surroondin area is: * ''[[Dumfries and Galloway Standard]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://icdumfries.icnetwork.co.uk/dumfriesgalloway/ |title=icDumfries – Dumfries & Galloway Standard News |publisher=Icdumfries.icnetwork.co.uk |date=11 August 2009 |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> (estaiblisht 1843) publishin on Tysdays an Fridays * ''[[Dumfries Courier]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriescourier.co.uk/ |title=Dumfries Courier – Regionwide news from your weekly newspaper |publisher=Dumfriescourier.co.uk |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926073214/http://www.dumfriescourier.co.uk/ |archive-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> publishing on Fridays publishin on Fridays ==Airchitectural geology== [[File:Buccleuch St, Dumfries, 2007-07-26.jpg|thumb|saundstane biggins in Buccleuch Street]] The're mony biggins in Dumfries made fae saundstane o the local Locharbriggs [[Quarrel (minin)|quarrel]]. The quarrel is situatit aff the A701 on the north o Dumfries at Locharbriggs near til hte aggregates quarrel. This dimension stane quarrel is a lairge quarrel. Quarrel wirkin at Locharbriggs dates fae the 18t century, an the quarrel his been wirked continuous syne 1890.<ref name="autogeneratedquarry">{{cite web|url=http://www.stancliffe.com/uk-stone-types-and-colours/locharbriggs-red-sandstone|title=Locharbriggs Red Sandstone Suppliers|first=RJ Design|last=Associates|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2018-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306113531/http://www.stancliffe.com/uk-stone-types-and-colours/locharbriggs-red-sandstone|url-status=dead}}</ref> The're guid reserves o stane that can be howkit at several locations. On average the stane is available at deepths o 3 fit on bed awtho some lairger block are obtainable. The average lenth o a block is 4 fit bit 7 fit blocks can be obtaint. Locharbriggs is fae the New Red saundstane o the Permian age It is a middlin-graint stane rangin in colour fae dreich red tae pink. It is the saundstane uised in the [[Queen Alexandra Bridge]] in [[Sunderland]], the [[Manchester International Convention Centre]], an the base o the [[Statue o Leeberty]].<ref name=autogeneratedquarry /><gallery caption="Examples o sandstane carvins fund in Dumfries"> File:Dumfries Academy, Minerva Building, Academy St, Dumfries DG1 1DD, Detail.jpg|Minerva biggin, Dumfries Academy File:Grayfriars 1.jpg|Detail at Greyfriar's Kirk File:Grayfriars 4.jpg|Detail at Greyfriars Kirk File:Midsteeple 7.jpg|Detail at Midsteeple File:Queensberry Hotel, Dumfries 2.jpg|Detail at Queensberry hottle File:Queensberry monument dumfries 2.jpg|Ram's heid at Queensberry monument File:Greyfriars Dumfries town centre.jpg|Greyfriars Dumfries toun centre File:Carving of satyr, Dumfries.jpg|Carvin o Pan File:Dumfries Academy 2.jpg|Detail at Dumfries Academy </gallery> ==Surroondin places o interest== As the lairgest sattlement in Soothren Scotland, Dumfries is notit as a centre for veesitin surroonding places o interest.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scottishholidays.net/visit/scotland-tour-dumfries-dumfries.html |title=Dumfries Travel Guide |publisher=Scottishholidays.net |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2017-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013224911/http://www.scottishholidays.net/visit/scotland-tour-dumfries-dumfries.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The follaein is aw within easy reak: * [[Ae, Dumfries an Gallowa|Ae]] an [[Ae Forest]] * [[Caerlaverock Castle]]<ref name="autogenerated2" /> * [[Criffel]] - a hill on the Solway coast popular wi hill walkers for its views o the Soothren Scotland coastline an ootower the [[Solway Firth]] til the [[Lake District]] o [[Cumbria]]. * [[Drumlanrig Castle]]<ref name="autogenerated2" /> * [[Ecclefechan]] - birthplace o [[Thomas Carlyle]]. "The Arched House" is a tourist attraction an his been mainteent bi the [[National Trust for Scotland]] syne 1936.<ref name="autogenerated2" /> Ecclefechan is locatit at the fit o the lairge Roman fort, [[Burnswark]], that dominates the laundskip wi its flat tap. * [[Gretna Green]] an the [[Auld Smiddie]], famous for skirt-mairiages<ref name="autogenerated2" /> * [[John Paul Jones Cottage Museum]] - the tradeetional Scots cot what [[John Paul Jones]] in 1747 wis born in<ref>{{cite web |author=David Lockwood |url=http://www.jpj.demon.co.uk/jpjlife.htm |title=John Paul Jones a brief biography |publisher=Jpj.demon.co.uk |date=16 December 2010 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2013-06-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HcxxyXwL?url=http://www.jpj.demon.co.uk/jpjlife.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre]] wis the first [[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhist]] centre tae hae been estaiblisht in the West. It is a centre within the [[Karma Kagyu]] tradeetion o Tibetan Buddhism. It is in the veelage o [[Eskdalemuir]] in the Scots Soothren Uplands<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samyeling.org/ |title=Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre |publisher=Samyeling.org |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> * [[Lochmaben]] wi its lochs popular wi boaters an an aw its history wi Robert the Bruce. * [[Mabie Forest]] - popular destinations for outdoor recreation suc as muntain biking an walkin * [[Moffat]] an the views nearby o the [[Devil's Beef Tub]], the [[Grey Mare's Tail]] watterfaw, an the [[A708 road]] fae Moffat past the Grey Mare's Tail tae [[St Mary's Loch]] * [[Minnyhive]] conservation veelage * [[New Abbey]] Corn Mill Museum an [[Sweetheart Abbey]]<ref name="autogenerated2" /> * [[Solway Coast]] * [[Threave Castle]] in [[Castle Douglas]], hame til the [[Clan Douglas|Douglas Clan]] o [[James Douglas, Laird o Douglas]] that fechtit wi [[Robert the Bruce]]<ref name="autogenerated2" /> * [[Twynholm]] an the [[David Coulthard]] Museum<ref name="autogenerated2" /> * [[Wanlockheid]] - Breetain's heichest veelage registert at 1,531 fit abuin sea level an the [[Lead Mining Museum]]<ref name="autogenerated2" /> ==Ither places name't Dumfries== ===Canadae=== * [[Dumfries, New Brunswick]] * [[South Dumfries Township, Ontario]] * [[North Dumfries, Ontario]] ===USA=== * [[Dumfries, Virginia]] in the US wis estaiblisht formal on land at the heid o the herbour o Quantico Creek, providit bi John Graham. He name't the toun efter his birthplace, Dumfries in Scotland * [[Dumfries, Minnesota]] * [[Dumfries, Iowa]] ===Ither=== * [[Dumfries, Bahamas|Dumfries]], [[Cat Island]], [[Bahamas]]<ref name=maphill1>[http://www.maphill.com/bahamas/cat-island/dumfries/ "Dumfries Maps" Maphill.com]</ref> * [[Dumfries, Grenada|Dumfries]], [[Carriacou]], [[Grenada]]<ref name="maphill2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.maphill.com/grenada/carriacou/dumfries/ |title="Dumfries Maps" maphillcom |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2020-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730035957/http://www.maphill.com/grenada/carriacou/dumfries/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Twin touns== {{flagicon|US}} &ndash; [[Annapolis, Maryland]],<ref name=moyer>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2007-07-06/news/0707060194_1_annapolis-city-council-moyer |title="Moyer to travel to Annapolis' sister cities in Europe" |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2017-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805222046/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2007-07-06/news/0707060194_1_annapolis-city-council-moyer |url-status=dead }}</ref> is hame til the [[United States Naval Academy]] whaur John Paul Jones lies in the crypt aneath the chaipel. {{flagicon|DE}} &ndash; [[Gifhorn]],<ref name=Gifhorn>[https://www.stadt-gifhorn.de/sv_gifhorn/Lebenswert/Partnerst%C3%A4dte/Dumfries/ "Stadt Giforn"]</ref> Germany {{flagicon|ITA}} &ndash; [[Cantù]], [[Italy]]. Dumfries an Galloway Cooncil hisna been involved in ony offeecial twinnin link atween the twa touns for some time. The bond his been mainteened throu the Freends o Cantu an the Nithsdale Twinnin Association.<ref name=cantu>[http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/italian-connection-to-dumfries-2609425 Italian connection to Dumfries]</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Dumfries}} * https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/artists/james-norie-senior James Norie Senior * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180514062633/http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/ Dumfries an Galloway Cooncil Wsbsteid] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091123153243/http://www.loreburne.co.uk/ www.loreburne.co.uk A Guide tae.....Dumfries] * [http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/ Dumfries and Galloway Museums] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222132412/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/ |date=2020-02-22 }} * [http://ssa.nls.uk/search.cfm?search_sort_order=Film.dateRelease%2CFilm.name&search_sort_direction=ASC&search_term=dumfries&search_fields=2&search_join_type=AND&search_fuzzy=yes&videos_only=1&search_mode=Advanced&submit=Search+%3E%3E%3E National Leebrary o Scotland: Scots Screen Archaee]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}—selection of archaee picturs aboot Dumfries * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095611/http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/digital_volumes/book.php?book_id=555&place_id=10&p_name=Dumfriesshire Dumfries Ceevil Pairish Historical Tax Rolls in Dumfriesshire] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBQjqwiCgNk&t=46s Video footage an history o Dumfries railwey station] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUbEum2bCwM Video and history of the Burns Mausoleum, Dumfries.] * [https://www.visitscotland.com/destinations-maps/dumfries/see-do/ Things Tae See an Dae & Attractions in Dumfries] *[https://digital.nls.uk/chapbooks-printed-in-scotland/archive/104184943 https://digital.nls.uk/chapbooks-printed-in-scotland/archaee/104184943]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=Charles_Altamont_Doyle *https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200362756-79-high-street-county-hotel-nith-ward * {{en}} [https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Dumfries Dumfries at Wikivoyage] [[Category:Touns in Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] 3ow3xlkue1jeyzlj0x98wtzwahavbxb 0 154199 906289 900886 2025-06-27T20:30:00Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 906289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|46|14|03|N|6|03|10|E|region:CH_type:landmark|display=title}} {{Infobox organization |name = European Organization<br>for Nuclear Research<br>{{small|Organisation européenne<br>pour la recherche nucléaire}} |image = |image_size = 150px |caption = |map = |mcaption = Member states |headquarters = [[Meyrin]], [[Canton o Geneva]], [[Swisserland]] |membership = {{Collapsible list |titlestyle= background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3em; |liststyle = padding: 6px 0; background-color: none; text-align: left; |framestyle= line-height: 2.0em; border: none; padding: 0; |title = 23 countries |{{flag|Austrick}} |{{flag|Belgium}} |{{flag|Bulgarie}} |{{flag|Czech Republic}} |{{flag|Denmark}} |{{flag|Finland}} |{{flag|Fraunce}} |{{flag|Germany}} |{{flag|Greece}} |{{flag|Hungary}} |{{flag|Israel}} |{{flag|Italy}} |{{flag|Netherlands}} |{{flag|Norawa}} |{{flag|Poland}} |{{flag|Portugal}} |{{flag|Romanie}} |{{flag|Slovakie}} |{{flag|Spain}} |{{flag|Sweden}} |{{flag|Swisserland}} |{{flag|Unitit Kinrick}} |{{flag|Serbie}} |'''Associate members''': |{{flag|Cyprus}} |{{flag|Pakistan}} |{{Flag|Slovenie}} |{{flag|Croatie}} |{{flag|Turkey}} }} |leader_title = Cooncil Preses |leader_name = Sijbrand de Jong<ref>{{cite web|title=Professor Sijbrand de Jong elected as next President of CERN Council|url=http://press.web.cern.ch/press-releases/2015/09/professor-sijbrand-de-jong-elected-next-president-cern-council|website=CERN press office|publisher=CERN|accessdate=18 January 2016|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225154926/https://home.cern/news/press-release/cern/professor-sijbrand-de-jong-elected-next-president-cern-council|url-status=dead}}</ref> |leader_title2 = [[Leet o Directors General o CERN|Director General]] |leader_name2 = [[Fabiola Gianotti]] |formation = {{start date and age|1954|9|29}}<ref name="foundation">{{cite web |url=http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/About/History54-en.html |title=CERN.ch |publisher=Public.web.cern.ch |accessdate=20 November 2010 |archive-date=2013-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210142317/http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/About/History54-en.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |languages = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] an [[French leid|French]] |website = {{URL|http://home.cern/}} }} The '''European Organization for Nuclear Research''' ([[French leid|French]]: ''Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire''), kent as '''CERN''' ({{IPA-fr|sɛʁn}}; derived frae the name ''"Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire"''), is a [[Europe]]an research organisation that operates the lairgest [[pairticle pheesics]] laboratory in the warld. Established in 1954, the organisation is based in a northwast suburb o [[Geneva]] on the Franco–Swiss border, ({{coord|46|14|3|N|6|3|19|E}}) an haes 22 [[#Member states an budget|member states]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Member States|url=http://international-relations.web.cern.ch/International-Relations/ms/|website=International relations|publisher=CERN|accessdate=25 November 2015}}</ref> [[Israel]] is the anly non-European kintra granted full membership.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/55869 |title=CERN to admit Israel as first new member state since 1999 |access-date=2016-08-25 |archive-date=2016-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413151038/http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/55869 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==REferences== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:CERN| ]] [[Category:Internaitional organisations o Europe]] [[Category:Internaitional resairch institutes]] [[Category:Meyrin]] [[Category:Nuclear resairch institutes]] [[Category:Organisations based in Geneva]] [[Category:Organisations established in 1954]] [[Category:Pairticle pheesics facilities]] [[Category:Pheesics institutes]] [[Category:Research institutes in Swisserland]] [[Category:Science an technology in Europe]] twivodygf327q7mudz90n0100s3mb25 0 171789 906285 906262 2025-06-27T17:45:26Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 906285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox MP |name = Angela Crawley |honorific-suffix = [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |image = Angela Crawley.jpg |office = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Lanrik an Hamiltoun East (UK Pairlament constituency)|Lanrik an Hamiltoun East]] |term_start = 8 Mey 2015 |term_end = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor = [[Jimmy Hood]] |successor = |majority = 266 (0.5%) |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|6|3|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Hamiltoun, Sooth Lanrikshire|Hamiltoun]], [[Scotland]] |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[University o Stirling]]<br>[[University o Glesga]] |website = {{url|angelacrawley.scot|Offeecial wabsteid}} }} '''Angela Crawley''' (born 3 Juin 1987 in [[Hamiltoun, Sooth Lanrikshire|Hamiltoun]], [[Sooth Lanrikshire]]) is a [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] politeecian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carlukegazette.co.uk/news/local-headlines/angela-crawley-wins-lanark-seat-from-jim-hood-1-3766951|title=Angela Crawley Wins Lanark Seat from Jim Hood|website=www.carlukegazette.co.uk via internet archive|access-date=26 June 2025|archive-date=2015-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518093338/http://www.carlukegazette.co.uk/news/local-headlines/angela-crawley-wins-lanark-seat-from-jim-hood-1-3766951|url-status=dead}}</ref> She wis the [[Member o Pairlament (UK)|Member o Pairlament]] (MP) for [[Lanrik an Hamiltoun East (UK Pairlament constituency)|Lanrik an Hamiltoun East]] syne the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2015|2015 general election]], whan she won a majority o 10,100 votes (18.3%); she retained the seat in [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2017|2017]] wi a nairae majority o 266 (0.5%).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/4469/career|title=Angela Crawley|website=members.parliament.uk|access-date=26 June 2025}}</ref> She demittit at the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin. == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Crawley, Angela}} [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Glesga]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Stirlin]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:LGBT politeecians frae Scotland]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Fowk frae Hamiltoun, Sooth Lanrikshire]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty cooncillors]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} mb63ydawcxphh5kylpl54s2s6sqm0l9 0 171793 906308 906258 2025-06-28T04:13:33Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 906308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox MP |image = Official portrait of Hannah Bardell crop 3.jpg |name = Hannah Bardell |honorific-suffix = |office = [[Scots National Pairty|SNP]] [[Department for Business, Innovation an Skills|Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy]]<br>[[Frontbench Team o Angus Robertson|Spokesman]] |leader = [[Angus Robertson]]<br>[[Ian Blackford]] |term_start = 30 September 2015 |term_end = |predecessor = [[Michelle Thomson]] |successor = |office1 = [[Scots National Pairty|SNP]] Employment Spokesman |leader1 = [[Angus Robertson]] |term_start1 = 20 Mey 2015 |term_end1 = 30 September 2015 |predecessor1 = Poseetion established |successor1 = [[Neil Gray]] |office2 = [[Member o Pairlament (Unitit Kinrick)|Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Leevinston (UK Pairlament constituency)|Leevinston]] |term_start2 = 7 Mey 2015 |term_end2 = |predecessor2 = [[Graeme Morrice]] |successor2 = |majority2 = 3,878 (7.4%) |birth_name = Hannah Mary Bardell |birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1983|6|1}} |birth_place = [[Leevinston, Wast Lowden|Leevinston]], Scotland |death_date = |death_place = |alma_mater = [[University o Stirlin]] |party = [[Scots National Pairty]] }} '''Hannah Mary Bardell''' (born 1 Juin 1983<ref name=MyParl>{{cite web|url=http://myparliament.info/member/4486|title=Biography for Hannah Bardell|publisher=MyParliament via internet archive|accessdate=19 April 2017|archive-date=2017-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918233332/http://myparliament.info/member/4486|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> in [[Leevinston]]) is a [[Scots National Pairty]] (SNP) politician, that wis a Member o the [[Hoose o Commons o the Unitit Kinrick|UK Hoose o Commons]] for her hame constituency, haein been electit in 2015 wi a majority o 16,843 (29.3%); she retained her seat in 2017 wi a reduced majority. She wis defeatit in the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bardell, Hannah}} [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Stirlin]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Fowk frae Leevinston, Wast Lowden]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–2024]] [[Category:LGBT politeecians frae Scotland]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} hcrzd4ug6kg4uwm33ykcj2uo1sh6eb3 0 171798 906291 905817 2025-06-27T21:18:26Z Atlantic306 30244 ref added 906291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unsoorced|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = Marion Fellows |honorific-suffix = [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |image = Marion Fellows.jpg |office = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Mitherwall an Wishae (UK Pairlament constituency)|Mitherwall an Wishae]] |term_start = 8 Mey 2015 |term_end = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor = [[Frank Roy]] |successor = |majority = 318 (0.7%) |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|5|df=y}} |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[Heriot-Watt Varsity]] }} '''Marion Fellows''' (born 5 Mey 1949) is a [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] (SNP) politeecian. At the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2015|2015 general election]], she won the [[Mitherwall]] an [[Wishae]] seat wi a majority o 11,898 (24.6%). She retained her seat at the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2017|2017 election]] wi a reduced majority. She wis defeatit at the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin.<ref>{{cite eeb|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/4440/career|title=|website=members.parliament.uk|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref> {{DEFAULTSORT:Fellows, Marion}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Fowk frae Wishae]] [[Category:Place o birth missin (livin fowk)]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty cooncillors]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} 67e1o4zcaqrf4ow03qy6swl0bhtjjr1 906292 906291 2025-06-27T21:19:19Z Atlantic306 30244 ce 906292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unsoorced|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = Marion Fellows |honorific-suffix = [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |image = Marion Fellows.jpg |office = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Mitherwall an Wishae (UK Pairlament constituency)|Mitherwall an Wishae]] |term_start = 8 Mey 2015 |term_end = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor = [[Frank Roy]] |successor = |majority = 318 (0.7%) |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|5|df=y}} |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[Heriot-Watt Varsity]] }} '''Marion Fellows''' (born 5 Mey 1949) is a [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] (SNP) politeecian. At the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2015|2015 general election]], she won the [[Mitherwall]] an [[Wishae]] seat wi a majority o 11,898 (24.6%). She retained her seat at the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2017|2017 election]] wi a reduced majority. She wis defeatit at the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/4440/career|title=|website=members.parliament.uk|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fellows, Marion}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Fowk frae Wishae]] [[Category:Place o birth missin (livin fowk)]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty cooncillors]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} kjrvrts3l8bkbrehoaxl7xcwv1nf1dl 906293 906292 2025-06-27T21:19:57Z Atlantic306 30244 fixed ref 906293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unsoorced|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = Marion Fellows |honorific-suffix = [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |image = Marion Fellows.jpg |office = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Mitherwall an Wishae (UK Pairlament constituency)|Mitherwall an Wishae]] |term_start = 8 Mey 2015 |term_end = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor = [[Frank Roy]] |successor = |majority = 318 (0.7%) |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|5|df=y}} |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[Heriot-Watt Varsity]] }} '''Marion Fellows''' (born 5 Mey 1949) is a [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] (SNP) politeecian. At the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2015|2015 general election]], she won the [[Mitherwall]] an [[Wishae]] seat wi a majority o 11,898 (24.6%). She retained her seat at the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2017|2017 election]] wi a reduced majority. She wis defeatit at the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/4440/career|title=Marion Fellows|website=members.parliament.uk|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fellows, Marion}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Fowk frae Wishae]] [[Category:Place o birth missin (livin fowk)]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty cooncillors]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} b7uvnhkzo1dxt4kciwfr2ri9t4cu1g5 906294 906293 2025-06-27T21:27:16Z Atlantic306 30244 added ref 906294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Marion Fellows |honorific-suffix = [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |image = Marion Fellows.jpg |office = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Mitherwall an Wishae (UK Pairlament constituency)|Mitherwall an Wishae]] |term_start = 8 Mey 2015 |term_end = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor = [[Frank Roy]] |successor = |majority = 318 (0.7%) |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|5|df=y}} |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[Heriot-Watt Varsity]] }} '''Marion Fellows''' (born 5 Mey 1949) is a [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] (SNP) politeecian.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holyrood.com/inside-politics/view,full-list-of-snp-westminster-front-bench-and-spokespeople-2020_14931.htm|title=|website=www.holyrood.com|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref> At the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2015|2015 general election]], she won the [[Mitherwall]] an [[Wishae]] seat wi a majority o 11,898 (24.6%). She retained her seat at the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2017|2017 election]] wi a reduced majority. She wis defeatit at the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/4440/career|title=Marion Fellows|website=members.parliament.uk|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fellows, Marion}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Fowk frae Wishae]] [[Category:Place o birth missin (livin fowk)]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty cooncillors]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} bm2rzetpbdgfy1myukioxxba46i5ksn 906295 906294 2025-06-27T21:27:59Z Atlantic306 30244 fixed ref 906295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Marion Fellows |honorific-suffix = [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |image = Marion Fellows.jpg |office = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Mitherwall an Wishae (UK Pairlament constituency)|Mitherwall an Wishae]] |term_start = 8 Mey 2015 |term_end = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor = [[Frank Roy]] |successor = |majority = 318 (0.7%) |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|5|df=y}} |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[Heriot-Watt Varsity]] }} '''Marion Fellows''' (born 5 Mey 1949) is a [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] (SNP) politeecian.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holyrood.com/inside-politics/view,full-list-of-snp-westminster-front-bench-and-spokespeople-2020_14931.htm|title=Full list of SNP Westminster front bench and spokespeople 2020|website=www.holyrood.com|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref> At the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2015|2015 general election]], she won the [[Mitherwall]] an [[Wishae]] seat wi a majority o 11,898 (24.6%). She retained her seat at the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2017|2017 election]] wi a reduced majority. She wis defeatit at the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/4440/career|title=Marion Fellows|website=members.parliament.uk|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fellows, Marion}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Fowk frae Wishae]] [[Category:Place o birth missin (livin fowk)]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty cooncillors]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} rmkkssg82kcc7ww7ib4yx5cp9f6g444 906296 906295 2025-06-27T21:32:01Z Atlantic306 30244 ref added 906296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Marion Fellows |honorific-suffix = [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |image = Marion Fellows.jpg |office = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Mitherwall an Wishae (UK Pairlament constituency)|Mitherwall an Wishae]] |term_start = 8 Mey 2015 |term_end = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor = [[Frank Roy]] |successor = |majority = 318 (0.7%) |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|5|df=y}} |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[Heriot-Watt Varsity]] }} '''Marion Fellows''' (born 5 Mey 1949) is a [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] (SNP) politeecian.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holyrood.com/inside-politics/view,full-list-of-snp-westminster-front-bench-and-spokespeople-2020_14931.htm|title=Full list of SNP Westminster front bench and spokespeople 2020|website=www.holyrood.com|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/incoming/snp-choose-marion-fellows-candidate-5157508|title=|website=www.dailyrecord.co.uk|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref> At the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2015|2015 general election]], she won the [[Mitherwall]] an [[Wishae]] seat wi a majority o 11,898 (24.6%). She retained her seat at the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2017|2017 election]] wi a reduced majority. She wis defeatit at the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/4440/career|title=Marion Fellows|website=members.parliament.uk|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fellows, Marion}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Fowk frae Wishae]] [[Category:Place o birth missin (livin fowk)]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty cooncillors]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} c4ipgatca3k4kj22kvjm208yd63a01n 906297 906296 2025-06-27T21:32:35Z Atlantic306 30244 fixed ref 906297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Marion Fellows |honorific-suffix = [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |image = Marion Fellows.jpg |office = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Mitherwall an Wishae (UK Pairlament constituency)|Mitherwall an Wishae]] |term_start = 8 Mey 2015 |term_end = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor = [[Frank Roy]] |successor = |majority = 318 (0.7%) |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|5|df=y}} |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[Heriot-Watt Varsity]] }} '''Marion Fellows''' (born 5 Mey 1949) is a [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] (SNP) politeecian.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holyrood.com/inside-politics/view,full-list-of-snp-westminster-front-bench-and-spokespeople-2020_14931.htm|title=Full list of SNP Westminster front bench and spokespeople 2020|website=www.holyrood.com|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/incoming/snp-choose-marion-fellows-candidate-5157508|title=SNP choose Marion Fellows as candidate for Motherwell & Wishaw General Election seat|website=www.dailyrecord.co.uk|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref> At the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2015|2015 general election]], she won the [[Mitherwall]] an [[Wishae]] seat wi a majority o 11,898 (24.6%). She retained her seat at the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2017|2017 election]] wi a reduced majority. She wis defeatit at the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/4440/career|title=Marion Fellows|website=members.parliament.uk|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fellows, Marion}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Fowk frae Wishae]] [[Category:Place o birth missin (livin fowk)]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty cooncillors]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} lhipg51pcd3f0jsv1sqsf84e9biko93 906299 906297 2025-06-27T21:39:13Z Atlantic306 30244 category added 906299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Marion Fellows |honorific-suffix = [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |image = Marion Fellows.jpg |office = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Mitherwall an Wishae (UK Pairlament constituency)|Mitherwall an Wishae]] |term_start = 8 Mey 2015 |term_end = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor = [[Frank Roy]] |successor = |majority = 318 (0.7%) |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|5|df=y}} |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[Heriot-Watt Varsity]] }} '''Marion Fellows''' (born 5 Mey 1949) is a [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] (SNP) politeecian.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holyrood.com/inside-politics/view,full-list-of-snp-westminster-front-bench-and-spokespeople-2020_14931.htm|title=Full list of SNP Westminster front bench and spokespeople 2020|website=www.holyrood.com|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/incoming/snp-choose-marion-fellows-candidate-5157508|title=SNP choose Marion Fellows as candidate for Motherwell & Wishaw General Election seat|website=www.dailyrecord.co.uk|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref> At the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2015|2015 general election]], she won the [[Mitherwall]] an [[Wishae]] seat wi a majority o 11,898 (24.6%). She retained her seat at the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2017|2017 election]] wi a reduced majority. She wis defeatit at the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/4440/career|title=Marion Fellows|website=members.parliament.uk|access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fellows, Marion}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Fowk frae Wishae]] [[Category:Place o birth missin (livin fowk)]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty cooncillors]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] [[Category:Scots tred unionists]] {{stub/scotpol}} qwotlvhn3lc7z400rcdtjobarsqaxlp 0 171806 906302 906259 2025-06-27T23:05:57Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 906302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Deidre Brock |image = Official portrait of Deidre Brock crop 2.jpg |honorific-suffix = [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |office = SNP [[Scots Pairlament]] Spokesman |term_start = 20 Mey 2015 |term_end = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor = Poseetion established |successor = |office1 = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Edinburgh North an Leith (UK Pairlament constituency)|Edinburgh North an Leith]] |term_start1 = 8 Mey 2015 |term_end1 = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor1 = [[Mark Lazarowicz]] |successor1 = |majority1 = 5,597 (9.6%) |birth_name = Deidre Leanne Brock |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|11|23|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Perth]], [[Australie]] |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots National Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[Curtin Varsity]]<br>[[Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts|Western Australian Academy<br>of Performing Arts]] |website = {{url|snp.org/people/deidre-brock|Offeecial wabsteid}} }} '''Deidre Leanne Brock''' is an Australie-born [[Scots National Pairty]] (SNP) [[politeecian]]. She wis the [[Hoose o Commons o the Unitit Kinrick|Hoose o Commons]] Business spokesperson in the Unitit Kinrick Pairlament<ref>{{Cite web|last=SNP|first=the|date=2023-09-04|title=The real opposition: meet your new SNP Westminster Frontbench|url=https://www.snp.org/snp-westminster-frontbench-team/|access-date=2024-06-28|website=Scottish National Party via internet archive|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410223717/https://www.snp.org/snp-westminster-frontbench-team/|url-status=dead}}</ref> til her defeat in the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin. ==Personal life== Brock went tae Curtin University then the Western Australian Academy of Art, whaur she stuidit actin fur three yeir.<ref name="Villegas">{{cite news |last1=Villegas |first1=Sofia |title=Deidre Brock MP: Getting to know you |url=https://www.holyrood.com/inside-politics/view,deidre-brock-mp-getting-to-know-you |access-date=30 June 2024 |work=Holyrood Website |date=12 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> ==Political career== Brock jint the SNP an wirkit as a pairlamentary assistant unner [[Rob Gibson]], then MSP fur the Highlands an Isles. She stuid in the 2007 Scots cooncil election, winnin a seat in the Leith Walk waird o Edinburra.<ref name="Villegas" /> == References == {{reflist}} {{stub/scotpol}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brock, Deidre}} [[Category:1961 births]] [[Category:Australie actresses]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Edinburgh constituencies]] [[Category:Place o birth missin (livin fowk)]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–2024]] 6azvr5151e7hfku30yjbqp32kf76xir 0 172172 906307 900401 2025-06-28T02:47:30Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 906307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Featurt airticle}} {{Infobox street|image=Wfm glasgow cityhall.jpg|caption=George Square an Glesga Ceetie Chaumers|name=George Square|namesake=King George III|location=[[Glesga]], [[Scotland]]|coordinates={{Coord|55.861161|-4.250178|region:GB_scale:5000|display=inline,title}}|map_caption=Location in Glesga|former_names=George's Square}} '''George Square''' ({{lang-gd|Ceàrnag Sheòrais}}) is the main [[Toun square|civic square]] in the middle o [[Glesga]], [[Scotland]]. It is cried fur [[George III o the Unitit Kinrick|King George III]]. It's ane oot o sax squares in the ceetie centre.[[File:City Chambers, George Square, Glasgow 05.jpg|thumb|250px|George Square wi the Scott moniment in the centre, [[Glesga Ceety Chambers|Glesga Ceetie Chambers]] tae the left an the umwhile Post Office tae the richt. ]] [[File:Panorama Card of George Square.jpg|thumb|350px|Panorama postcaird shawin the square in 1905]] [[File:Panorama George Square north side to City Chambers.jpg|thumb|350px|George Square in 2019]] The idea ahint the square wis pit oot in 1781, bit didna become developit fur anither 20 year. George Square wis sorroondit bi important biggins. Tae the east is the Glesga Ceetie Chambers, kent as the Municipal Chaumers an aw, whase stane foondin wit pit in 1883, an tae the wast o't is the Merchants Hoose.<ref>''Glasgow'' bi Irene Maver, pit oot in 2000 {{en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglasgowstory.com/image/?inum=TGSE00418&t=2|title=Foundation ceremony, People's Palace, Social History File|work=www.theglasgowstory.com|access-date=5 July 2021}}{{en}}</ref> Ben the square is an important collection o statues an monimets, sic as thae dedicatit tae [[Robert Burns]], [[James Watt]] an [[Sir Walter Scott]]. ==History== Plans fur George's Square, as it was kent at the stairt<ref name="Foreman 91">{{cite book|author=Carol Foreman|title=Lost Glasgow|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r6q8BQAAQBAJ&pg=PT91|date=13 May 2013|publisher=Birlinn|isbn=978-0-85790-634-2|page=91|lang=en}}</ref>, wis laid oot in 1781 as pairt o a Georgian hypodamic plan thit stairtit aff raxin fae Stockwell Street tae [[Buchanan Street]]. This plan, thit wis later on raxed wast tae Blythswood Hill, wis maistlins the wirk bi architects [[James Barry]], [[James Craig (airchitect)|James Craig]], an [[James Gillespie Graham]]. Hounaiver, durin the early years, it wisnae muckle mair nor a glaury aurie, fillt wi dirty watter an uised fur sacrificin horses. Atween 1787 an the 1820s, the square appent up an Georgie hooses an hotels war biggit on the east an wast sides. In 1842, [[Glesga Queen Street railwey station]], the end o The Embro an Glesga railwey, wis appent on the north side. Bi 1850, the square haed turnt intae a hub fur merchant actívitie. In 1877, [[Merchands Hoose]] wis muived tae the square, an the square itsel, thit wis a private gairden fur the sorroondin hooses, wis turnt intae a public space efter a croud malafoustered the gates durin a riot. A statue o King George III wis tae occupt the centre o the square tae stairt wi but the stamash an anxiety caused bi the ceetie's tabacco traders bi the [[American War o Unthirldom]] in 1775 an the follaein Breetish defeat in 1783, alangsyd King George's frequent fumin fits, had caused mixed feelins fur the king, an as a result, it wis decided tae honor [[Sir Walter Scott]] insteid, wi a sculptur o [[John Greenshields]] pit abuinn a 24-metre heich Doric Column bi Alexander Handyside Ritchie. Baith wis complete atween 1834 an 1837. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glasgowsculpture.com/pg_biography.php?sub=greenshields_j|title=John Greenshields (1792-1835), sculptor, a biography|publisher=glasgowsculpture.com|access-date=15 December 2016|lang=en}}</ref> ==Biggins== Thir days, maist o the east side consists o the Glesga Ceetie chambers, hame tae the [[Glesga Ceetiy Cooncil|Glesga Ceetie Cooncil]], thit appent in 1888. On the sooth side ur twa three biggins, lik the umwhile Post Office, biggit in 1878 an turnt intae office space in [[2007]], a Chicago-style office biggin fae [[1924]], an the ceetie's main tourist office. The north side consists o Queen Street Station, the Millennium Hotel (umwhile the North British Railwey Hotel) fae the 1840s,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hogg |first1=C. |last2=Patrick |first2=L. |title=Scottish Railway Icons: Central Belt to the Borders |publisher=Amberley Publishing |series=Scottish Railway Icons |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4456-2115-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-AgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT82 |access-date=10 March 2019 |page=82 |archive-date=29 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229222519/https://books.google.com/books?id=f-AgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT82 |url-status=live }}</ref> an George Hoose, thit's an aulder Georgie biggin, biggit in 1979 tae gie mair space fur offices. Queen Street, thit rins alang the wast side o the square, haes the Merchands Hoose, thit hooses the Glesga Chaumer o Commerce, designed bi [[John Burnet]] an appent in 1874. In [[1907]], [[John James Burnet]] pit in 2 flairs, wi a domed touer on the tap, whilk haes the Hoose emblem, a shop on a [[Globe]], engraved on it, tae mind fowk on the importance o maritime trade tae the propsperity tae Glesga. The wastren side haes the umwhile [[Bank of Scotland|Bank o Scotland]] biggin an aw, bit nou conteens offices an a [[Weatherspoons]] pub. The east side o the square is flankit bi twa greens an conteens the ceetie [[Cenotapah]] an aw, thit tae stairt wi, wis designed bi John James Burnet an wis biggit in [[1922]] bi the [[Earl Haig Fund]] tae mynd the fowk fae Glesga thit lost thair lifes in the [[First Warld War]]. A 24 Metre heich [[Column]], pit up in 1837, shaws the scriever [[Walter Scott]]. A feck o Glesga's public statues is fund aboot the square an amang thaim are the ainly kent equestrian statues o a yung [[Queen Victoria]] an her husband Prince Albert, the makars Robert Burns an [[Thomas Campbell]], the inventor James Watt, the chemist [[Thomas Graham (chemist)|Thomas Graham]], the generals [[Sir John Moore]], [[Lord Clyde]], an the politícians [[William Ewart Gladstone]], [[Robert Peel]] an [[James Oswald]]. ==Social Importance== The square haes been muckle uised as a place fur public gaitherins, polítical gitthegithers, royets, protests, handselins, ceremonies, parauds an concerts. Ane o the maist weel kent wis the [[Black Friday Demonstrations in 1919]], whan pairt-takers haudit a muckle demonstration fur tae see impruivement on wirkin condítions (For example, agin 56 oors o wirk ilka week in mony factories in the ceetie), wi mair nor 90,000 protestor in the square an the surroondin streets. The event turnt intae stramashs atween protestors an the polis, an the [[Riot Act]] bein rade. The radical reputation o the ceetie, an the haudin up o the red flag by some fowk thare, made the [[Leeberalism|Líberal]] govrenment feart o a [[Bolsheviks|Bolshevik]] revolution wis aboot tae happen. The govrenment reponed bi cawin oot fully airmed troops an tanks in the square an streets in the ceetie.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hatherley |first1=Owen |title=A Guide to the New Ruins of Great Britain |date=2011 |publisher=Verso Press |location=London }}</ref> Syne, the square haes sert as a venue fur polítical campaigns an gitthegithers o a hale wheen o kynds, protests agin the [[Poll tax]], an the [[Iraq War]], annual [[Remembrance Day]] parauds an recent-like, haes turnt intae the place for stendit [[Hogmanay]] handselins in the ceetie. In the winter, thare is an ice rink in the square. In Februar [[2005]], the square wis closed tae gangers fur a twa-month sortin project, thit includit replacin the red pavement, an statuee an stane cleanin, espeicially Walter Scott's. The chyce tae tak oot the green areas an rent oot the square fur temporar firms wis controversial. In [[2012]], a campaign stairtit tae bring the square back tae it's oríginal wey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.restoregeorgesquare.com|title=Restore George Square|access-date=15 December 2016|lang=en|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422025836/https://www.restoregeorgesquare.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Juist efter [[Margaret Thatcher]]'s deith in [[2013]], thare wis ettlins tae pit thegither street pairties tae handsel the event. As a repone tae dae it in George Square, Glesga Ceetie Cooncil pit oot a statement statin: "Regaridless aboot whether or no it's appropriate tae hiv a pairty tae hailsin somebody's deith, this event is bein pit thegither wioot the appruival fae the Glasgow City Cooncil, an we are concernt anent the sauftie o aw pairt-takers. Actual event organisers hiv tae git permíssion tae uise the square. Thay hiv tae shaw tae the ceetie cooncil thit thay will tak safuety measures sic as provide first-aid, eneuch public cludgies an guards, as weel as gittin a liability license an aw. We'r cawin fur fowk tae keep awa fae thir events."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-22072150|title=Glasgow City Council criticises George Square Thatcher 'party'|publisher=BBC News|date=8 April 2013|access-date=15 December 2016|lang=en}}</ref> It's thocht thit mair nor 100 fowk arrived efter hauf an oor. Durin the [[Scots unthirldom referendum, 2014|2014 Scots unthirldom referendum]], George Square wis a weel kent settin fur polítical rallies, maistly amang the supporters fur unthrildom. ==Fremmit airtins== *[https://www.glasgowheritage.org.uk/the-evolution-of-george-square-with-niall-murphy/ 'The Evolution of George Square' tauk bi Niall Murphy]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{en}} *[https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=32315&p=0 'George Square Heritage Trail' bi Glesga City Cooncil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517104304/https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=32315&p=0 |date=2021-05-17 }} {{en}} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Glesga]] [[Category:Pairks an commons in Scotland]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] [[Category:Civic centres]] dfp1tsmf53fhrecuiia377m8cbqiyoc 4 223455 906300 906241 2025-06-27T21:40:50Z CommonsDelinker 411 Removin' "Bowman_MSP.jpg", it haes bin deletit frum Commons by [[commons:User:ChemSim|ChemSim]] coz: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Bowman MSP.jpg|]]. 906300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT DISTINCT ?item WHERE { ?position wdt:P279 wd:Q1711695 . ?item p:P39 ?ps . ?ps ps:P39 ?position . ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . } |links=red_only |thumb=100 |columns=number,label:Name,,P18,P569,P570,P19 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! number ! Name ! ! eemage ! date o birth ! date o daith ! place o birth |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[Ben Wallace]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | 1970-05-15 | | [[Farnborough]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[Margaret Curran]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Curran crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | 1958-11-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[Elaine Smith]] | | [[File:ElaineSmithMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1963-05-07 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[Nicol Stephen]] | | [[File:Nicol Stephen.jpg|center|100px]] | 1960-03-23 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[James Douglas-Hamilton, Baron Selkirk of Douglas]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Selkirk of Douglas crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | 1942-07-31 | 2023-11-28 | [[Straiven]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[Phil Gallie]] | | | 1939-06-03 | 2011-01-24 | [[Portsmouth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Wallace of Tankerness crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]] | 1954-08-25 | | [[Annan, Dumfries an Gallowa|Annan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[Henry McLeish]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Henry McLeish, 2000.jpg|center|100px]] | 1948-06-15 | | [[Methul]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[Andrew Welsh]] | | | 1944-04-19 | 2021-06-17 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[Donald Gorrie]] | | | 1933-04-02 | 2012-08-25 | [[Breetish Raj]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[George Reid]] | | [[File:George reid msp.jpg|center|100px]] | 1939-06-04 | | [[Tullibody]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[Cathy Peattie]] | | [[File:Cathey Peattie (Scottish politician).jpg|center|100px]] | 1951-11-24 | | [[Grangemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[Colin Campbell]] | | | 1938-08-31 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[Dorothy-Grace Elder]] | | | 1942-08-11 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[David Davidson]] | | | 1943-01-25 | 2024-06-14 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[David McLetchie]] | | [[File:DavidMcLetchieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1952-08-06 | 2013-08-12 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[Dennis Canavan]] | | [[File:EET Scotland’s Economic Future Post-2014.jpg|center|100px]] | 1942-08-08 | | [[Coudenbeith]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[Des McNulty]] | | [[File:Des McNulty.jpg|center|100px]] | 1952-07-28 | | [[Stockport]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[John Farquhar Munro]] | | [[File:Iain Fearchar Rothach aig SMO.jpg|center|100px]] | 1934-08-26 | 2014-01-26 | [[Glen Shiel]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[Duncan Hamilton]] | | | 1973 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[Duncan McNeil]] | | [[File:DuncanMcNeilMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | 1950-09-07 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[Mary Mulligan]] | | [[File:MaryMulligan.jpg|center|100px]] | 1960-02-12 | | [[Liverpuil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[Marilyn Livingstone]] | | | 1952-09-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[Maureen Macmillan]] | | | 1943-02-09 | | [[Oban]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[Elaine Murray]] | | [[File:ElaineMurrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1954-12-22 | | [[Hitchin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[Elaine Thomson]] | | | 1957 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[Tavish Scott]] | | [[File:Tavish Scott MSP at Bournemouth.jpg|center|100px]] | 1966-05-06 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[Karen Whitefield]] | | [[File:KarenWhitefield.jpg|center|100px]] | 1970-01-08 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[Euan Robson]] | | [[File:Euan Robson.jpg|center|100px]] | 1954-02-17 | | [[Northren Ingland]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | [[John McAllion]] | | | 1948-02-13 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | [[Helen Eadie]] | | [[File:HelenEadieMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1947-03-07 | 2013-11-09 | [[Stanehoosemuir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[Lyndsay McIntosh]] | | | 1955 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[Fiona McLeod]] | | [[File:FionaMcLeodMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | 1957-12-03 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[Iain Gray]] | | [[File:IainGrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1957-06-07 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[Mike Rumbles]] | | [[File:Mike Rumbles.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-06-10 | | [[South Shields]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[Gordon Jackson]] | | [[File:GJ losing.JPG|center|100px]] | 1948-08-05 | | [[Ardrussan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[Ian Welsh]] | | | 1953-11-23 | | [[Preswick]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | [[Frank McAveety]] | | [[File:Frank McAveety MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1962-07-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | [[Lloyd Quinan]] | | | 1957 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | [[Iain Smith]] | | [[File:Iain smith.jpg|center|100px]] | 1960-05-01 | | [[Gateside]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | [[Alasdair Morrison]] | | | 1968-11-18 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | [[Irene McGugan]] | | | 1952 | | [[Angus]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | [[Irene Oldfather]] | | [[File:Irene Oldfather 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | 1954 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | [[Jamie McGrigor]] | | [[File:JamieMcGrigorMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1949-10-19 | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | [[John Home Robertson]] | | [[File:Johnhomerobertson.jpg|center|100px]] | 1948-12-05 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | [[John Scott]] | | [[File:JohnScottMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1951-06-07 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | [[Karen Gillon]] | | [[File:KarenGillon.jpg|center|100px]] | 1967-08-18 | | [[Jethart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | [[Kate Maclean]] | | | 1958-02-16 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[Kay Ullrich]] | | [[File:Kay Ullrich.jpg|center|100px]] | 1943-05-05 | 2021-01-04 | [[Preswick]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | [[Keith Harding]] | | | 1938-11-21 | 2021-11-15 | [[Chipping Norton]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | [[Keith Raffan]] | | | 1949-06-21 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | [[Lewis Macdonald]] | | [[File:LewisMacdonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1957-01-01 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | [[Malcolm Chisholm]] | | [[File:Malcolm Chisholm.jpg|center|100px]] | 1949-03-07 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | [[Margaret Jamieson]] | | | 1953 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | [[Margaret Smith]] | | [[File:Margaret-SmithMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1961-02-18 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | [[Mary Scanlon]] | | [[File:MaryScanlonMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1947-05-25 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[Michael Russell]] | | [[File:Mike Russell SNP Conference.jpg|center|100px]] | 1953-08-09 | | [[Bromley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | [[Mike Watson, Baron Watson of Invergowrie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Watson of Invergowrie crop 2, 2020.jpg|center|100px]] | 1949-05-01 | | [[Cammuslang]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | [[Murdo Fraser]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Murdo Fraser MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | 1965-09-05 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | [[Murray Tosh]] | | | 1950-09-01 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | [[Nick Johnston]] | | | 1948-01-05 | | [[Filey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | [[Nora Radcliffe]] | | | 1946-03-04 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | [[Patricia Ferguson]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Patricia Ferguson MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | 1958-09-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | [[Trish Godman]] | | | 1939-10-31 | 2019-07-21 | [[Gouan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | [[Paul Martin]] | | [[File:PaulMartinMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | 1967-03-17 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | [[Pauline McNeill]] | | [[File:Pauline McNeill.jpg|center|100px]] | 1962-09-12 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | [[Peter Peacock]] | | [[File:Peter Peacock.jpg|center|100px]] | 1952-05-27 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | [[Richard Simpson]] | | [[File:RichardSimpsonMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | 1942-10-22 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | [[Robert Brown]] | | [[File:Robert Brown (Scottish Government).jpg|center|100px]] | 1947-12-25 | | [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | [[Ross Finnie]] | | [[File:Ross Finnie.jpg|center|100px]] | 1947-02-11 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | [[Sam Galbraith]] | | [[File:Sam Galbraith MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1945-10-18 | 2014-08-18 | [[Clitheroe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | [[Sylvia Jackson]] | | | 1946-12-03 | 2022-07-27 | [[Lincolnshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | [[Michael McMahon]] | | [[File:MichaelMcMahon5715448629 0404153e04 o.jpg|center|100px]] | 1961-09-18 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | [[Alex Johnstone]] | | [[File:AlexJohnstoneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1961-07-31 | 2016-12-07 | [[Steenhive|Stanehyve]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | [[Allan Wilson]] | | [[File:Allan Wilson.jpg|center|100px]] | 1954-08-05 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | [[Andrew Wilson]] | | | 1970 | | [[Lanrik]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | [[Wendy Alexander]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Alexander of Cleveden crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | 1963-06-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | [[Andy Kerr]] | | [[File:Andy Kerr.jpg|center|100px]] | 1962-03-17 | | [[East Kilbride]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | [[Tommy Sheridan]] | | [[File:TommySheridan2007.jpg|center|100px]] | 1964-03-07 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | [[Rhona Brankin]] | | [[File:Rhona Brankin.jpg|center|100px]] | 1950-01-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | [[Sarah Boyack]] | | [[File:Sarah Boyack MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1961-05-16 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | [[Angus MacKay]] | | [[File:Angus MacKay.jpg|center|100px]] | 1964-01 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | [[Johann Lamont]] | | [[File:Johann Lamont 2019.png|center|100px]] | 1957-07-11 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | [[Cathie Craigie]] | | [[File:Cathy Craigie.jpg|center|100px]] | 1954-04-14 | | [[Stirlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | [[Jackie Baillie]] | | [[File:Jackie Baillie 2018.png|center|100px]] | 1964-01-15 | | [[Hong Kong]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | [[Annabel Goldie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Goldie crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | 1950-02-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | [[Susan Deacon]] | | [[File:Susan Deacon.jpg|center|100px]] | 1964-02-02 | | [[Musselburrae]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | [[Fergus Ewing]] | | [[File:Cabinet Secretary for the Rural Economy and Connectivity, Fergus Ewing.png|center|100px]] | 1957-09-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | [[Alex Fergusson]] | | [[File:AlexFergussonMSP20110511.jpg|center|100px]] | 1949-04-08 | 2018-07-31 | [[Leswalt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | [[Stewart Stevenson]] | | [[File:StewartStevensonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1946-10-15 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | [[Alasdair Morgan]] | | | 1945-04-21 | | [[Aiberfeldy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[Cathy Jamieson]] | | [[File:Cathy Jamieson.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-11-03 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | [[Ian Jenkins]] | | | 1941 | | [[Rossay]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | [[Rhoda Grant]] | | [[File:RhodaGrantMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | 1963-06-26 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | [[Janis Hughes]] | | | 1958-05-01 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | [[Bill Aitken]] | | | 1947-04-15 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | [[Bill Butler]] | | [[File:Bb3-billbutler.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-03-30 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | [[Brian Fitzpatrick]] | | | 1961 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | [[Scott Barrie]] | | | 1962-03-10 | | [[St Aundraes]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | [[Brian Monteith]] | | [[File:Brian Monteith MEP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1958-01-08 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[Bristow Muldoon]] | | [[File:Bristow Muldoon - 2014-10-30 - Andy Mabbett.jpg|center|100px]] | 1964-03-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | [[John Young]] | | | 1930-12-21 | 2011-11-03 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | [[George Lyon]] | | [[File:George Lyon MEP at Bournemouth 2009.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-07-16 | | [[Rossay]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | [[Campbell Martin]] | | | 1960-03-10 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | [[Charlie Gordon]] | | | 1951-10-28 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | [[Chris Ballance]] | | [[File:Chris Ballance (13338189044).jpg|center|100px]] | 1952-07-07 | | [[Worcester]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | [[Christine May]] | | | 1948-03-23 | | [[Dublin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | [[Shiona Baird]] | | | 1946-09-14 | | [[Hereford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | [[Dave Petrie]] | | | 1946-12-10 | 2011-08-31 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[Derek Brownlee]] | | | 1974-08-10 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | [[Marlyn Glen]] | | [[File:Marlyn-Glen.jpg|center|100px]] | 1951-09-30 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | [[Rosemary Byrne]] | | | 1948-03-03 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | [[Mark Ballard]] | | [[File:Mark B smart smile.jpg|center|100px]] | 1971-06-27 | | [[Leeds]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | [[Jean Turner]] | | | 1939-12-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[Jeremy Purvis]] | | [[File:Lord Purvuis.jpg|center|100px]] | 1974-01-15 | | [[Berrick|Berik]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | [[Margaret Mitchell]] | | [[File:MargaretMitchellMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | 1952-11-15 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | [[Mark Ruskell]] | | [[File:MarkRuskellMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]] | 1972-05-14 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | [[Mike Pringle]] | | | 1945-12-25 | | [[Northern Rhodesia]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | [[Hugh Henry]] | | [[File:HughHenryMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1952-02-12 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | [[Tom McCabe]] | | [[File:Tom McCabe.jpg|center|100px]] | 1954-04-28 | 2015-04-19 | [[Hamiltoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | [[Andrew Arbuckle]] | | | 1944-04-12 | | [[Fife]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | [[Eleanor Scott]] | | [[File:Eleanor scott (13338173734).jpg|center|100px]] | 1951-07-23 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | [[Rob Gibson]] | | [[File:RobGibsonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1945-10-10 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | [[John Swinburne]] | | | 1930-07-04 | 2017-10-01 | [[Pennsylvanie|Pennsylvania]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | [[Bruce McFee]] | | | 1961-05-18 | 2021-09-09 | [[Johnstoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | [[Christopher Harvie]] | | | 1944-09-21 | | [[Motherwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | [[David Stewart]] | | [[File:DaveStewartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-05-05 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | [[Dave Thompson]] | | [[File:DaveThompsonMSP20120629.jpg|center|100px]] | 1949-09-20 | | [[Lossiemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | [[David Whitton]] | | | 1952-04-22 | | [[Farfar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | [[Jim Tolson]] | | [[File:Jim Tolson.jpg|center|100px]] | 1965-05-26 | | [[Kirkcaldy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | [[Richard Baker]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Richard Baker MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | 1974-05-29 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | [[Ted Brocklebank]] | | | 1942-09-24 | | [[St Aundraes]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | [[Nanette Milne]] | | [[File:NanetteMilneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1942-04-27 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | [[Nigel Don]] | | [[File:NigelDonMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | 1954-04-16 | | [[London Borough of Sutton]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | [[Ian McKee]] | | | 1940-04-02 | | [[South Shields]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | [[Liz Smith]] | | [[File:ElizabethSmithMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | 1960-02-27 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | [[Claire Baker]] | | [[File:ClaireBakerMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1971-03-04 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | [[Gavin Brown]] | | [[File:Gavin Brown.JPG|center|100px]] | 1975-06-04 | | [[Kirkcaldy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | [[George Foulkes, Baron Foulkes of Cumnock]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Foulkes of Cumnock crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]] | 1942-01-21 | | [[Oswestry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | [[James Kelly]] | | [[File:JamesKellyMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1963-10-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | [[Hugh O'Donnell]] | | | 1952-05-01 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | [[Jim Hume]] | | [[File:JimHumeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1962-11-04 | | [[Peebles]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[John Lamont]] | | [[File:Official portrait of John Lamont MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | 1976-04-15 | | [[Kilwinnin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | [[John Park]] | | [[File:John-Park-MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1973-09-14 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | [[John Wilson]] | | [[File:JohnWilsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-11-28 | | [[Fawkirk]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | [[Stefan Tymkewycz]] | | | 1959-09-18 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | [[Alison McInnes]] | | [[File:AlisonMcInnesMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | 1957-07-17 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | [[Margaret Burgess]] | | [[File:Margaret Burgess.jpg|center|100px]] | 1949-12-07 | | [[Ayrshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | [[James Dornan]] | | [[File:JamesDornanMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | 1953-03-17 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | [[Joan McAlpine]] | | [[File:JoanMcAlpineMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | 1962-01-28 | | [[Gourock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | [[Angus MacDonald]] | | [[File:AngusMacDonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1963-10-11 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[Anne McTaggart]] | | [[File:AnneMcTaggartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1970-01-30 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | [[Bill Kidd]] | | [[File:BillKiddMSP20070509.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-07-24 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | [[Bill Walker]] | | [[File:BillWalkerMSP20110720.jpg|center|100px]] | 1942-03-31 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | [[Bob Doris]] | | [[File:BobDorisMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | 1973-05-11 | | [[Vale of Leven]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | [[Neil Findlay]] | | [[File:NeilFindlayMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1969-03-06 | | [[Brocksburn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | [[Roderick Campbell]] | | [[File:RoderickCampbellMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | 1953-06-15 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | [[Claudia Beamish]] | | [[File:ClaudiaBeamishMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1952-08-09 | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | [[Colin Beattie]] | | [[File:Colin Beattie.JPG|center|100px]] | 1951-10-17 | | [[Farfar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | [[Graeme Dey]] | | [[File:GraemeDeyMSP20110507.jpg|center|100px]] | 1962-10-29 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | [[Gordon MacDonald]] | | [[File:GordonMacDonaldMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | 1960-01-02 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[Neil Bibby]] | | [[File:Neil Bibby.JPG|center|100px]] | 1983-09-06 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | [[Jenny Marra]] | | [[File:Jenny Marra MSP.png|center|100px]] | 1977-11-06 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | [[Mark Griffin]] | | [[File:Mark-Griffin-MSP-closeup.jpg|center|100px]] | 1985-10-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | [[Mary Fee]] | | [[File:MaryFeeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1954-03-23 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | [[Colin Keir]] | | [[File:ColinKeirMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | 1959-12-09 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | [[Jayne Baxter]] | | [[File:JayneBaxterMSP20121211.jpg|center|100px]] | 1955-11-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | [[Alex Rowley]] | | [[File:Scottish Labour candidate for Cowdenbeath signs the pledge (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | 1963-11-30 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | [[Bashir Ahmad]] | | | 1940-02-12 | 2009-02-06 | [[Amritsar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | [[Bill Wilson]] | | | 1963-12-11 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | [[Chic Brodie]] | | [[File:Chic Brodie.jpg|center|100px]] | 1944-05-08 | 2022-09-24 | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | [[Dennis Robertson]] | | [[File:DennisRobertson20120627.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-08-14 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | [[Drew Smith]] | | [[File:DrewSmithMSP20110614.jpg|center|100px]] | 20th century | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | [[Graeme Pearson]] | | [[File:GraemePearsonMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | 1950-04-01 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | [[Hanzala Malik]] | | [[File:HanzalaMalikMSP20110601.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-11-26 | 2023-12-14 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | [[Margaret McCulloch]] | | [[File:Margaret McCulloch.jpg|center|100px]] | 1952-05-09 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | [[Jean Urquhart]] | | [[File:JeanUrquhartMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1949-05-17 | | [[Wast Lowden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | [[Jim Eadie]] | | [[File:JimEadieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1968-02-10 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | [[John Pentland]] | | [[File:JohnPentlandMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | 1946-12-24 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | [[Siobhan McMahon]] | | [[File:SiobhanMcMahonMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1984-07-04 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | [[Marco Biagi]] | | [[File:Marco Biagi.JPG|center|100px]] | 1982-07-31 | | [[The Vale]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | [[Margaret McDougall]] | | [[File:MargaretMcDougallMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1949-01-23 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | [[Mike MacKenzie]] | | [[File:MikeMacKenzieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1958-11-18 | | [[Oban]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | [[Paul Wheelhouse]] | | [[File:PaulWheelhouseMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | 1970-06-22 | | [[Bilfawst|Belfast]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | [[Alison Johnstone]] | | [[File:Alison Johnstone 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1965-10-11 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | [[Cara Hilton]] | | [[File:Cara Hilton.jpg|center|100px]] | 1975 | | [[Grangemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | [[Cameron Buchanan]] | | [[File:CameronBuchananMSP20140129.jpg|center|100px]] | 1946-09 | 2023-06-24 | [[Woking]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | [[Lesley Brennan]] | | [[File:Lesley Brennan.jpg|center|100px]] | 1972 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | [[Gillian Mackay]] | | [[File:Gillian Mackay 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1991 | | [[Fawkirk]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | [[Beatrice Wishart]] | | [[File:Beatrice Wishart MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1955 | | [[Lerook]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | [[Ariane Burgess]] | | [[File:Ariane Burgess MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | [[Meghan Gallacher]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Meghan Gallacher MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | 1992-01-17 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | [[Pam Duncan-Glancy]] | | [[File:Pam Duncan-Glancy MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1981-11-02 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | [[Craig Hoy]] | | [[File:Craig Hoy 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | [[Douglas Lumsden]] | | [[File:Douglas Lumsden 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1971-08 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | [[Pam Gosal]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Pam Gosal MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | 1972 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | [[Tess White]] | | [[File:Tess White 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1965-02-18 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | [[Carol Mochan]] | | [[File:Carol Mochan MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | [[Màiri McAllan]] | | [[File:Official portrait of net zero secretary Màiri McAllan (cropped 1).jpg|center|100px]] | 1993-02-14 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | [[Davy Russell]] | | [[File:Davy Russell at the Scottish Parliament (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | 1960s | | [[Quarter]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | [[Katy Clark]] | | [[File:Katy Clark MP.jpeg|center|100px]] | 1967-07-03 | | [[Kilwinnin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | [[Foysol Choudhury]] | | [[File:Foysol Choudhury MBE.jpg|center|100px]] | 1969-01-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | [[Michelle Thomson]] | | [[File:Michelle Thomson 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1965-03-11 | | [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | [[Martin Whitfield]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Martin Whitfield crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | 1965 | | [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | [[Jenni Minto]] | | [[File:Jenni Minto 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1968-11 | | [[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | [[Audrey Nicoll]] | | [[File:Audrey Nicoll MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1961 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | [[Jim Fairlie]] | | [[File:Minister for Agriculture and Connectivity - Jim Fairlie.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | [[Stephanie Callaghan]] | | [[File:Stephanie Callaghan MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1971 | | [[Hamiltoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | [[Elena Whitham]] | | [[File:Official 2023 government portrait of Elena Whitham.jpg|center|100px]] | 1974 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | [[Kaukab Stewart]] | | [[File:Kaukab Stewart 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Pakistan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | [[Emma Roddick]] | | [[File:Emma Roddick 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1997-07-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | [[Sandesh Gulhane]] | | | | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | [[Mercedes Villalba]] | | [[File:Mercedes Villalba 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Bristol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | [[Sue Webber]] | | [[File:Sue Webber 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | [[Michael Marra]] | | [[File:Michael Marra 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1952-02-17 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | [[Paul O'Kane]] | | [[File:Paul O'Kane 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | [[Karen Adam]] | | [[File:Karen Adam MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1975-06-07 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | [[Sharon Dowey]] | | [[File:Sharon Dowey MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Girvan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | [[Brian Whittle]] | | [[File:BrianWhittleMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1964-04-26 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | [[Rachael Hamilton]] | | [[File:Rachel Hamilton MSP.png|center|100px]] | 1970-09 | | [[Herefordshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | [[Oliver Mundell]] | | [[File:Oliver Mundell 2016.jpg|center|100px]] | 1989-12-01 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | [[Finlay Carson]] | | [[File:FinlayCarsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1967-10-18 | | [[Twynham, Dumfries an Gallowa|Twynham]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | [[Gordon Lindhurst]] | | [[File:Gordon Lindhurst MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1967-07-02 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | [[Ross Greer]] | | [[File:Ross Greer, October 2022.jpg|center|100px]] | 1994-06-01 | | [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | [[Alexander Burnett]] | | [[File:Alexander Burnett.jpg|center|100px]] | 1973-07-30 | | [[Banchry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | [[Ross Thomson]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Ross Thomson crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | 1987-09-21 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | [[Colin Smyth]] | | [[File:Colin Smyth MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1972 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | [[Kate Forbes]] | | [[File:Deputy First Minister - designate and Cabinet Secretary for Economy and Gaelic - designate, Kate Forbes (53707856301) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | 1990-04-06 | | [[Dingwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | [[Edward Mountain]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Edward Mountain MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1961-03-19 | | [[Moray]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | [[Jamie Greene]] | | [[File:JamieGreeneMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1980-03-19 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | [[Maurice Golden]] | | [[File:MauriceGoldenMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1980-01-12 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | [[Maurice Corry]] | | [[File:MauriceCorryMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1950-06 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | [[Monica Lennon]] | | [[File:MonicaLennonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1981-01 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | [[Alison Harris]] | | [[File:AlisonHarrisMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1965-07-23 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | [[Graham Simpson]] | | [[File:Graham Simpson.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | [[Ash Denham]] | | [[File:Ash Denham MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1974-03-08 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | [[Ben Macpherson]] | | [[File:BenMacphersonMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]] | 1980s | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | [[Ivan McKee]] | | [[File:Ivan McKee MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1963-09 | | [[Milligs Mill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | [[Annie Wells]] | | [[File:AnnieWellsMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1972-02-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | [[Daniel Johnson]] | | [[File:David Johnson MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1977-09-03 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | [[Peter Chapman]] | | [[File:Peter Chapman.jpg|center|100px]] | 1950-05-13 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | [[Miles Briggs]] | | [[File:Miles Briggs.jpg|center|100px]] | 1983-03-30 | | [[Preston (Q184090)|Preston]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | [[Donald Cameron]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Cameron of Lochiel crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | 1976-11-26 | | [[Achnacarry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | [[Liam Kerr]] | | [[File:Liam Kerr MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1975-01-23 | | [[Chester]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | [[Jeremy Balfour]] | | [[File:Jeremy Balfour MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1967-03-11 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | [[Bill Bowman]] | | | 1950-05-30 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | [[Michelle Ballantyne]] | | [[File:MichelleBallantyneMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1962-11-28 | | [[Ashton-under-Lyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | [[Jamie Halcro Johnston]] | | [[File:JamieHalcroJohnstonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1975-10-08 | | [[Oxford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | [[Tom Mason]] | | [[File:Tom Mason MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1942-12-31 | | [[Bishop's Stortford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | [[Jackie Dunbar]] | | [[File:Jackie Dunbar MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Peterheid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | [[Marie McNair]] | | [[File:Marie McNair 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | [[Paul McLennan]] | | [[File:Paul McLennan 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | [[Collette Stevenson]] | | [[File:Collette Stevenson 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1969-03-15 | | [[East Kilbride]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | [[Evelyn Tweed]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Evelyn Tweed MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1967 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | [[Natalie Don]] | | [[File:Natalie Don MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1989-02-12 | | [[Glesga]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} cluhftkn4at0kyh1uq086m2yw7wvvmh 0 231709 906310 905321 2025-06-28T05:26:05Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 906310 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''International Federation o Sports Chiropractic''' ({{Lang-fr|'''Federation Internationale de Chiropratique du Sport'''}} or '''FICS''') is an international organization which promotes sports chiropractic aroond the world. It is composed o national sports chiropractic cooncils, or national associations, fae mainy countries such as Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, Mexico, Spain, Turkey, Unitit States, an the Unitit Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Sports Chiropractic?|url=http://chiropractors.asn.au/Content/NavigationMenu/AbouttheCAA/SpecialInterestGroups/SCA/WhatisSportsChiropractic/default.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090913135934/http://chiropractors.asn.au/Content/NavigationMenu/AbouttheCAA/SpecialInterestGroups/SCA/WhatisSportsChiropractic/default.htm|archive-date=2009-09-13|access-date=Dec 4, 2013|publisher=Chiropractors' Association of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Federacion Mexico De Quiropractica Deportive|url=http://www.femexquiropractica.com/htmltonuke.php?filnavn=html/actualidad.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925021226/http://www.femexquiropractica.com/htmltonuke.php?filnavn=html%2Factualidad.htm|archive-date=2009-09-25|access-date=2009-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=La quiropráctica y los deportistas|url=http://www.quiropractica-aeq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=63|access-date=2009-10-26|publisher=Asociacion Espanola de Quiropráctica}}</ref> == History == FICS wis formed in 1987, an haes its headquarters in the Maison du Sport Internationale in Lausanne, Switzerland.<ref name="Haldeman">{{Cite book|last=Chapman-Smith|first=David|title=Principles and practice of Chiropractic|url=https://archive.org/details/principlespracti0003unse_t5x8|last2=Cleveland, Carl|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2005|isbn=0-07-137534-1|editor-last=Haldeman|editor-first=Scott|page=[https://archive.org/details/principlespracti0003unse_t5x8/page/115 115]|chapter=International Status, Standards, And Education Of The Chiropractic Profession}}</ref> It also maintains an administrative office in [[Canberra]], Australia.<ref name="FICS-History">{{Cite web|title=History|url=http://fics-sport.org/portal/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=28|access-date=October 4, 2009|publisher=The International Federation of Sports Chiropractic|archive-date=2016-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828195243/https://fics-sport.org/portal/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=28|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Credentials grantit == The [[International Certificate in Sports Chiropractic]] (ICSC) offers an International Certificate in Sports Chiropractic (ICSC), a post-graduate professional qualification in sports chiropractic.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 16, 2001|title=RMIT and FICS hosts seminar to highlight health benefits of sports chiropractic|url=http://rmit.biz/browse;ID=aysyu3yzgeglz|access-date=October 4, 2009|publisher=Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology}}</ref> Dependin oan the laws o the jurisdiction in which the Doctor practices, (ICSC) may be a requirement fur a chiropractor tae participate as a FICS sports chiropractor at an international event.<ref name="Pollard">{{Cite journal|last=Pollard|first=Henry|last2=Hoskins W|last3=McHardy A|last4=Bonello R|last5=Garbutt P|last6=Swain M|last7=Dragasevic G|last8=Pribicevic M|last9=Vitiello A|year=2007|title=Australian chiropractic sports medicine: half way there or living on a prayer?|journal=Chiropractic & Osteopathy|volume=15|issue=14|pages=14|doi=10.1186/1746-1340-15-14|pmc=2042981|pmid=17880724|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="CAA1">{{Cite web|title=International Chiropractic Sports Science Diploma|url=http://chiropractors.asn.au/AM/Template.cfm?Section=International_Chiropractic_Sports_Science_Diploma_ICSSD_1&Template=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=6571|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090913133225/http://chiropractors.asn.au/AM/Template.cfm?Section=International_Chiropractic_Sports_Science_Diploma_ICSSD_1&Template=%2FCM%2FContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=6571|archive-date=September 13, 2009|access-date=October 4, 2009|publisher=Chiropractors Association of Australia}}</ref> Fur example, Sports Chiropractors must complete thir ICSC befare bein selectit tae provide care at Sporting Federation Games. == Awards an honors == The FICS Executive Board bestows various awards upon individuals whom they deem tae huv made considerable contributions tae the professional specialty o sports chiropractic. These awards include "Sports Chiropractor of the Year"<ref name="P&P">{{Cite journal|last=Staff|date=September 10, 1993|title=Int'l Sports Federation Honors Drs. Pierson and Patterson|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=42531|journal=Dynamic Chiropractic|volume=11|issue=19}}</ref>an FICS' Gold Medal.<ref name="medal">{{Cite journal|last=Staff|date=Aug 1, 1990|title=FICS Awards Gold Medal To Dr. Press|journal=Dynamic Chiropractic|volume=8|issue=16|page=1}}</ref> The latter is considered wan o the highest awards that sports chiropractors cin earn internationally. In 2011 at the World Chiropractic Congress, in [[Rio de Janeiro]], they awarded the "FICS' Founder's Award" tae Dr. Stephen Press, wan of FICS' founder ann first president.<ref name="Global-FICS">{{Cite book|last=Reed|first=Phillips|url=http://www.wfc.org/website/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=243&Itemid=164&lang=en|title=The Global Advance of Chiropractic|publisher=The [[World Federation of Chiropractic]]|year=2013|isbn=978-0-9811332-3-2|location=Toronto, ONT, Canada|pages=121–123}}</ref><ref name="FICS-news-2011-1">{{Cite journal|last=Wilson, DC, ICSSD|first=Sheila|date=2011-06-30|title=President's Message|url=http://www.fics-sport.org/portal/images/documents/publications/2011_06_newsletter.pdf|url-status=dead|journal=FICS News|location=Toronto, ONT, CAN|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Chiropratique du Sport|issue=June 30, 2011|pages=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812161119/http://www.fics-sport.org/portal/images/documents/publications/2011_06_newsletter.pdf|archive-date=August 12, 2011|access-date=2011-07-10}}</ref> == ''Pro bono'' work == FICS haes promotit the participation o chiropractors in sports medicine teams, an haes organized chiropractors tae provide treatment at many national andinternational [[Sport|sporting]] events includin the winter an summer [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympics]].<ref name="CAA1"/><ref name="Haldeman"/> It his held Congresses in Mexico City,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Staff|date=6 Mar 1988|title=Las Resultados de la Quiropractica se Discutieron en la I Assemblea que Tuvo Lugar en la Ciudad de Mexico|page=1 Section B (w/ photos)|work=El Excelsior|location=Mexico City}}</ref> Rome, the Unitit States (e.g., New Jersey an Washington, DC), Australia, Iowa, Montreal, and Tokyo;<ref>{{Cite journal|date=July 28, 1997|title=Chiropractic Is Booming in Asia|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=38410|journal=[[Dynamic Chiropractic]]|publisher=ChiroWeb.com|volume=15|issue=16|access-date=October 21, 2009}}</ref> an sent delegations tae Moscow, Africa, an Caracas.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Staff Writer|date=April 4, 1991|title=Seminario Magistral|work=El Universal|location=Caracas, Venezuela}}</ref> == Recognition == * ICSSPE - FICS is a member o the Associations' Board o the International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education * SportAccord - Associate member o international sports accrediting<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 2, 2009|title=IOC and WADA back GAISF initiative to propose anti-doping support and services to IFs|url=http://teamusa.org/news/article/10900|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812012816/http://www.teamusa.org/news/article/10900|archive-date=August 12, 2011|access-date=October 22, 2009|publisher=[[United States Olympic Committee]]}}</ref> agency SportAccord (the former GAISF).<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 2008|title=Associations|url=http://www.icsspe.org/index.php?m=1&n=3&o=6&PHPSESSID=8f6d2adcfec6c2c172d85242d702c6cf|access-date=October 4, 2009|publisher=[[International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Members|url=http://www.agfisonline.com/vsite/vnavsite/page/directory/0,10853,5148-176060-193278-nav-list,00.html|access-date=October 4, 2009|publisher=[[SportAccord]]}}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[UNESCO]] - Affiliate o the [[UNESCO|United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Non-governmental organizations maintaining official relations|url=http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=32914&URL_DO=DO_PRINTPAGE&URL_SECTION=201.html|access-date=October 12, 2009|publisher=[[UNESCO|United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]}}</ref> * IWGA International World Games Association, in contract wi FICS tae provide aw medical services at World Games.<ref name="IWGA">{{Cite web|last=Association Staff|date=2 Aug 2013|title=FICS' Healing Hands|url=http://www.theworldgames.org/news/news-of-the-world-games/1243-healing-hands|access-date=4 Aug 2013|website=IWGA Website|publisher=IWGA|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192436/http://www.theworldgames.org/news/news-of-the-world-games/1243-healing-hands|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Events == FICS Chiropractors huv provided treatment at events includin: * African Championships in Athletics (1988) * African Championships in Athletics (1990) * All-Africa Games (1991)<ref>{{Cite journal|date=December 20, 1991|title=FICS Team Ventures to Cairo for All-Africa Games|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=44697|journal=[[Dynamic Chiropractic]]|publisher=ChiroWeb.com|volume=09|issue=26|access-date=October 4, 2009}}</ref> * World Track and Field Championships (1991) * XVIth [[Winter Olympic Gemmes|Winter Olympic Games]] (1992)<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 November 1991|title=DC to Direct Medical Services for Soviet Olympic Team|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=44656}}</ref> * All-Africa Games (1999)<ref>{{Cite journal|date=November 7, 2009|title=FICS Symposium, South Africa; Sports Federations Meeting, Japan|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=31542|journal=[[Dynamic Chiropractic]]|publisher=ChiroWeb.com|volume=18|issue=4|access-date=October 4, 2009}}</ref> * Gunston 500 International Surfing Competition (1998)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thomas E. Hyde|date=July 26, 1999|title=Chiropractic and Sports around the World|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=36187|journal=[[Dynamic Chiropractic]]|publisher=ChiroWeb.com|volume=17|issue=16|access-date=October 3, 2009}}</ref> * Ontario Games (2000)<ref name="WinterReport">{{Cite journal|date=November 12, 2001|title=Winter Report of the International Federation of Sports Chiropractic (FICS)|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=17900|journal=[[Dynamic Chiropractic]]|publisher=ChiroWeb.com|volume=19|issue=4|access-date=October 4, 2009}}</ref> * Maritime Life Olympic Trials (2000)<ref name="WinterReport" /> * Canadian Paralympic Trials (2000)<ref name="WinterReport" /> * World Surfing Games (2000)<ref name="WinterReport" /> * [[2000 Simmer Olympics|Summer Olympics (2000)]]<ref name="WinterReport" /> * Mediterranean Games (2001)<ref name="SummerReport">{{Cite journal|last=Thomas E. Hyde|date=October 8, 2001|title=FICS Summer World Report|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=18248|journal=[[Dynamic Chiropractic]]|publisher=ChiroWeb.com|volume=19|issue=21|access-date=October 4, 2009}}</ref> * XIXth Central American and Caribbean Games (2002) * [[2002 Winter Olympics|Winter Olympics (2002)]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lori Elkins Solomon|date=March 7, 2002|title=Dr. Ira Shapiro did not receive a gold medal when he attended the Winter Olympics, but he did bring home a small gold pin.|work=Suburban|publisher=Great Media Newspapers|url=http://suburban.gmnews.com/News/2002/0307/Front_Page/004.html|url-status=dead|access-date=October 22, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061101060959/http://suburban.gmnews.com/News/2002/0307/Front_Page/004.html|archive-date=November 1, 2006}}</ref> * World Games (2005)<ref name="Pollard"/> * [[2008 Simmer Olympics|Summer Olympics (2008)]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 30, 2009|title=Beijing Olympics Report|pages=9–14|work=FICS News|publisher=International Federation of Sports Chiropractic|url=http://fics-sport.org/portal/images/documents/publications/2008-06_fics_newsletter.pdf|access-date=Dec 4, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * World Games (2009)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Medical Services|url=http://www.worldgames2009.tw/wg2009/eng/info_athletes6.php|access-date=October 4, 2009|website=[[World Games 2009]]|publisher=[[Kaohsiung]] Organizing Committee|archive-date=2009-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912095800/http://www.worldgames2009.tw/wg2009/eng/info_athletes6.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> * PanAm Games (2011)<ref name="ACA news">{{Cite news|last=Timothy Ray, DC|year=2013|title=The XVI Pan American Games|work=ACA news|publisher=[[American Chiropractic Association]]|url=http://www.acatoday.org/content_css.cfm?CID=4710|access-date=Aug 7, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * World Games (2013) * World Games (2017) * World Urban Games / GAISF games(2019) * [https://2019.csit-world-sports-games.com/index.html CSIT Games 2019 (2019)] * [https://twg2022.com/ World Games (2022)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309012848/https://twg2022.com/ |date=2022-03-09 }} * [https://www.csit.sport/events/wsg/2023 CSIT Games (2023)] * [https://www.worldcombatgames.sport/ World Combat Games / SportAccord (2023)] == References == {{Reflist|2}} == External links == * [http://fics-sport.org/portal/index.php International Federation of Sports Chiropractic (FICS)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330001357/https://fics-sport.org/portal/index.php |date=2016-03-30 }} {{Chiropractic}} oz7fgdkrus4r0vq2z13hsftui0039d9 0 231757 906304 897682 2025-06-28T00:13:03Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 906304 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Solar_eclipse_1999_4.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Totality durin the 1999 sin eclipse. Sin prominences can be seen alang the limb (i rid) sae weel as extensive coronal filaments.]] [[File:ISS-52_Eclipse_2017_Umbra_Viewed_from_Space_(1).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|The shaddae o a eclipse on the Yird as seen frae ooter space]] A '''eclipse''' is a [[:category:Astronomical events|astronomical event]] at occurs whan an astronomical object or spacecraft is temporar obscured, by passin intae the shaddae o anither body or by haein anither body pass atween it an the viewer. This alignment o three celestial objecks is kent as a syzygy. A eclipse is the eftercast o owther an ''occultation'' (haillie hidden) or a transit (pairtlie hidden). A "deep eclipse" (or "deep occultation") is whan a wee astronomical objeck is ahint a muckler ane.<ref name="QZ-2023">{{Cite web|last=Staff|date=2023|title=PHYS 1350 Astronomy Exam 3 (TXST-Olson)|url=https://quizlet.com/341047631/phys-1350-astronomy-exam-3-txst-olson-flash-cards/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20231109125204/https://quizlet.com/341047631/phys-1350-astronomy-exam-3-txst-olson-flash-cards/|archive-date=9 November 2023|access-date=9 November 2023|website=[[Quizlet]]}} "What is a deep eclipse? The smaller star is behind the bigger star"</ref><ref name="AT-20231107">{{Cite news|last=Miller, A.M.|display-authors=et al.|date=7 November 2023|title=ATel #16328 - ASASSN-23ht: A Deep Eclipse Event|work=[[The Astronomer's Telegram]]|url=https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=16328|url-status=live|access-date=9 November 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/20231109132351/https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=16328|archive-date=9 November 2023}}</ref> == Teeps == '''Sin – Muin – Yird:''' '''Sin eclipse''' | annular eclipse | hybrid eclipse | pairtial eclipse '''Sin – Yird – Muin:''' '''Muin eclipse''' | penumbral eclipse | pairtial muin eclipse | mids muin eclipse '''Sin – Phobos – Mairs: Transit o Phobos frae Mairs''' | Sin eclipses on Mairs '''Sin – Deimos – Mairs: Transit o Deimos frae Mairs''' | Sin eclipses on Mairs '''Ither teeps:''' Sin eclipses on Jubiter | Sin eclipses on Setturn | Sin eclipses on Uranus | Sin eclipses on Neptune | Sin eclipses on Plutock == References == {{Reflist}} <references responsive="1"></references> == Fremmit airtins == * {{YouTube|id=VwklVTy03Wc|title=Phobos Eclipsing Mars Observed by Curiosity Rover}} * [https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/eclipse/eclipsecycles.htm A Catalogue o Eclipse Cycles] * [http://moonblink.info/Eclipse/lists/search Sairch 5,000 year o eclipses] * [https://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/ NASA eclipse hame page] * [http://www.eclipses.info International Astronomical Union's Wirkin Group on Sin Eclipses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011104054556/http://www.eclipses.info/ |date=2001-11-04 }} * [http://xjubier.free.fr/en/site_pages/SolarEclipsesGoogleMaps.html Interactive eclipse maps site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318014324/http://xjubier.free.fr/en/site_pages/SolarEclipsesGoogleMaps.html |date=2021-03-18 }} * [https://demos.smu.ca/demos/astronomy/200-eclipses Classruim demonstration o hou an eclipse occurs] ; Eemage lafts * [https://twanight.org/special/eclipses/ The Warld at Nicht Eclipse Laft] * [http://www.perseus.gr/Astro-Eclipses.htm Sin an Muin Eclipse Eemage Laft] * [http://www.williams.edu/astronomy/eclipse Williams College eclipse mengie o eemages] [[Category:Yird phenomena]] [[Category:Astronomical events]] [[Category:Astrological aspects]] [[Category:Eclipses]] nhmzaio9lzmc8x8vlat5dov693v34ou 4 232103 906305 906243 2025-06-28T02:38:59Z MABot 35091 Bot: Archivin 1 thread fae [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross]] 906305 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:48, 27 Julie 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now. '''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:31, 6 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]]. '''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand. Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC == Hi all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation! [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 23:19, 22 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]]. I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026: * North America (USA and Canada) ** Ajraddatz The following seats were not filled during this special election: * Latin America and Caribbean * Central and East Europe (CEE) * Sub-Saharan Africa * South Asia * The four remaining Community-At-Large seats Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]]. On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:06, 2 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board. Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]]. When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 12:14, 3 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == Celtic Knot Conference, 25–27 September: programme announcement == Hello everyone, On behalf of the Celtic Knot organising team, I'm excited to announce that the programme is now [[:meta:Celtic Knot Conference 2024/Program|available to view on Meta-Wiki]]. Explore the diverse range of sessions, workshops, and cultural events that will bring together language enthusiasts, Wikimedians, and community leaders from around the world. Whether you're interested in language preservation, digital tools for minority languages, or simply connecting with like-minded individuals, there's something for everyone. And there will be more programme updates including satellite events. We have some additional sessions in store that you won't want to miss. [[:meta:Celtic Knot Conference 2024/Program|Check out the program now and start planning your conference experience]]. As a reminder, if you plan to join the conference onsite or online, don't forget to [https://www.eventbrite.ie/e/2024-celtic-knot-wikimedia-language-conference-25-27-september-tickets-920884589597?aff=oddtdtcreator register on Eventbrite]. [[Uiser:Richard Nevell (WMUK)|Richard Nevell (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Richard Nevell (WMUK)|tauk]]) 14:16, 10 September 2024 (UTC) == Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin. Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.</span> '''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.''' *Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|sco}}. *If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case. ''Ither effecks'': *Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap. * We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits. Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. '''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> [[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:37, 20 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27248326 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 18:56, 27 September 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey == Dear all, Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community. To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event. Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference! Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success. Warm regards, User:ZI Jony 03:20, 6 October 2024 (UTC) Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27510935 --> == Deployment of Dark mode in Scots Wikipedia == Hello Scots Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not written in your native language, {{Int:please-translate}}. We are happy to announce that the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] have deployed [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|dark mode]] here on Scots Wikipedia! This was possible because pages on your wiki have passed our checks for accessibility and other quality checks. Congratulations! This was only possible due to the diligent work of editors and other technical contributors in your community who have made sure that templates, gadgets, and other parts of pages can be accessible in dark mode. Thank you all for making dark mode available for everybody! For context, we would like to add that the Web team's work on dark mode has concluded. If on some wikis, the option is not yet available for logged-out users, this is likely because many pages do not yet display well in dark mode. As communities make progress on this work, we enable this feature on additional wikis once per month. If you notice any issues after enabling dark mode, please create this page: <code>Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Reporting/sco.wikipedia.org</code> in MediaWiki ([[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting|like these pages]]), and report the issue in the created page. Thank you! On behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] [[Uiser:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Uiser collogue:UOzurumba (WMF)|tauk]]) 01:42, 9 October 2024 (UTC) == Wikimedian of the Year Awards - Call for Nominations Now Open == Hello everyone, We are excited to announce that nominations are open for the 2024 UK Wikimedian of the Year Awards. We are asking you to nominate individuals and organisations that have been involved with Wikimedia UK's efforts to advance open knowledge in 2023/24. The categories for this year are: * UK Wikimedian of the Year (Individual) * Partnership of the Year (Organisation) * Up and Coming Wikimedian (Individual) We are looking for people and partnerships within the Wikimedia UK community who have really impressed you with their open knowledge work, in 2023/24. We are particularly keen to hear about people and organisations who delivered projects addressing our strategic themes of Knowledge Equity, Information Literacy, and Climate and Environment. Nominations will be judged by members of the Community Development Committee and winners will be announced at the Community Celebration on Saturday 23rd November 2024. [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2024/10/wikimedian-of-the-year-awards-2024-nominations-open/ Read more and nominate] 13:48, 10 October 2024 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted. The following four candidates were the most voted: # [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]] # [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]] # [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]] # [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]] While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]] Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:25, 14 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:08, 16 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27601062 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:28, 22 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Scots Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Scots Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Scots Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 9th November 2024. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Uiser:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Uiser collogue:UOzurumba (WMF)|tauk]]) 02:17, 24 October 2024 (UTC) == Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success == Dear all, We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community. Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs. * Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey] * Deadline: November 10, 2024 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference! '''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply. * Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here] * Application Deadline: October 31, 2024 Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions] Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success! Warm regards,<br> The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:12, 29 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Winter 2024 Writin Drive == Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki! 25 Nov - 1 Dec, Zoom sessions 25 & 28 Nov. The theme is Scots & Irish Social Venues & Events. [[Wikipedia:Winter 2024 Writin Drive|Mair info here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:01, 18 November 2024 (UTC) == Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC == Hello everyone, The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone <https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000>). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024>. This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation. Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Featurt Pictur == Am wantin tae gie a haun wi pittin on the featurt pictur fur the front page. Are thare ony guidelines a hiv tae abide bi an whaur coud a fun eemages tae pit on? Is thare a candidate leet? -[[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 20:00, 25 November 2024 (UTC) :Jist summat aat ye hink leuks gweed. A'd ask aat ye pick summat aat haes ae hauf decent airticle on here, wid raither nae hae reid airtins on the front page (he seys, ignorin the twa reid templates on the front page). Anither hing, we kin prolly dae awa wi the OTD section. Naebidy wints ti maintain it an it's mair ae hudower fae blindly copyin enwiki [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 20:09, 25 November 2024 (UTC) ::A’d comment it oot until we kin fun someb'dy thit is willin tae wirk on it. -[[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 02:31, 26 November 2024 (UTC) ::One way to make "on this day" easier is to use the day of the year pages, and the <nowiki><onlyinclude></nowiki> tag. I've done this quickly for 14 December. I could potentially do all the days of the year, maybe includin just those entries which have no red links apart from years. [[Uiser:Rich Farmbrough|Rich Farmbrough]] ([[Uiser collogue:Rich Farmbrough|tauk]]) == My Sincerest Thanks == I apologize for not writing this in the commonly used dialect, but I find I am incapable of it. That's besides my point. I am (or at least consider myself to be) a rookie Voice Actor, and have to learn a variety of accents to accommodate different voices. The way this site is written has helped me greatly by visualizing the pronunciation of the Scottish accent, and has actually landed me a potential job. Thanks, - [[Uiser:Shovel Shenanigans|Shovel Shenanigans]] ([[Uiser collogue:Shovel Shenanigans|tauk]]) 01:50, 15 December 2024 (UTC) == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Januar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Januar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Februar writin drive - 3-9 Februar == {{en}} Afternoon folks, a wee reminder that the next Writin Drive takes place next week (3-9th), with Zoom sessions taking place Monday 3 & Thursday 6. Edit any time during the week and sign up for the Dashboard to log your edits! We're focussing again on articles with the "Fix Scots" tab. [[Wikipedia:Februar 2025 Writin Drive||Mair info & sign up here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:57, 27 Januar 2025 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 02:36, 29 Januar 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 02:36, 29 Januar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Februar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == Temporar adminship fur Pigsonthewing == A'm requestin aat [[Uiser:Pigsonthewing]] be gien temporar (1 month) adminship here. Pigsonthewing is ae admin on Wikispecies sae haes experience wi the tuils an haes been helpin wi coontervandalism here durin ma absence (taggin spam an makkin uiss o rowback tuils), an haein the fu reeng o tuils wid help them deal wi spam an vandalism an mak siccart aat scowiki disna gang unner whiles a'm gane [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:58, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC) '''Comment''' - A'm pittin iss here insteid ae at [[WP:RFA]] as iss is meant as a temporar caretakkin meisur raither nor ae lang term prospeck [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:58, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC) :'''Aye''' (en) I know @[[Uiser:Pigsonthewing|Pigsonthewing]] through my paid work wearing my @[[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] hat; supporting as a volunteer. [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 10:08, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC) : Thank you. Confirming I'm happy to serve in this role. [[Uiser:Pigsonthewing|Pigsonthewing]] ([[Uiser collogue:Pigsonthewing|tauk]]) 10:22, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC) : '''Support''' [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 20:29, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 08:29, 22 Februar 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == Mairch Writin Drive - 24-30 Mairch == Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki, 24-30 Mairch! Fur this event, we'll be sortin oot the airticles wi the fix_scots template. Zooms - 24 & 27 Mairch, 6-8pm UTC. Mair info [[Wikipedia:Mairch 2025 Writin Drive|here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 15:23, 25 Februar 2025 (UTC) == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Mairch 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:56, 13 Mairch 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin. Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.</span> '''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.''' *Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|sco}}. *If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case. ''Ither effecks'': *Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap. * We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits. Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. '''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:14, 14 Mairch 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 Apryle 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Mey-Juin Writin Drive - 26 Mey - 1 Juin == Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki, 26 Mey - 1 Juin! Fur this event, we'll be sortin oot the airticles wi the fix_scots template. Zooms - 27 & 29 Mey, 6-8pm UTC+1 (BST) [[Wikipedia:Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive|Mair info here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 12:34, 15 Apryle 2025 (UTC) == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 Apryle 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Apryle 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 Apryle 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Apryle 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Celtic Knot 2025 survey == {{en}} Sorry not to be able to send this in Scots - message below in Welsh and English. (Gweler isod ar gyfer y Gymraeg) We are planning an online community meeting later this year for [[metawiki:Celtic_Knot_Conference_2024|Celtic Knot]] (a conference celebrating minority languages). We would love to hear from you what you would like to see. We have created a small questionnaire to find out what was successful at Celtic Knot 2024 and what you would like to see this year. The survey is open to people who attended the conference last year and people who are interested in coming to an online community meeting this year. To participate, go to https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdBlgi-0XNjjgh9HCQsy7KQWJo4qhfJmCGtQjwFI4WWYipaMA/viewform?usp=dialog. The survey is also available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSccsyMDUDFYush1oBasvulH4Vsjp0hubrKS_9u_73LCVtbJ0Q/viewform?usp=dialog Welsh] or [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScN6IBXfAUowjhQ4Uc6-_SZXUMJ9Mtp-iUgX5thg8bPHOGA-A/viewform?usp=dialog Irish]. (See above for English) Rydym gynllunio ar gyfer cyfarfod cymunedol ar-lein yn ddiweddarach eleni ar gyfer [[metawiki:Celtic_Knot_Conference_2024/cy|Celtic Knot]] (cynhadledd sy’n dathlu ieithoedd lleiafrifol). Byddem wrth ein bodd yn dysgu oddi wrthych beth hoffech chi ei weld. Rydym wedi creu holiadur bach i ddysgu beth roedd yn llwyddiannus yn Celtic Knot 2024 a beth hoffech chi weld eleni. Mae’r arolwg yn agor i bobol sydd wedi mynychu’r gynhadledd llynedd a phobl gyda diddordeb am ddod i gyfarfod cymunedol ar-lein eleni. I gymryd rhan, ewch i https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSccsyMDUDFYush1oBasvulH4Vsjp0hubrKS_9u_73LCVtbJ0Q/viewform?usp=dialog [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 08:56, 17 Apryle 2025 (UTC) :The above survey will close on the '''15th May.''' The survey is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdBlgi-0XNjjgh9HCQsy7KQWJo4qhfJmCGtQjwFI4WWYipaMA/viewform?usp=dialog English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1BXYa7c6-9R4ZAeJFltPQSGw0OcnZbbz-b080wKpFAlI/edit Welsh] and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1pyqryilEEymj7TpqEHQXEMHKZgCPRmDnH77oPCekqwQ/edit Irish] however if for any reason the survey isn't accessible for you, you are very welcome to email me (gemma.coleman@wikimedia.org.uk) to share your thoughts or discuss more accessible ways to have your say. :Mae'r holiadur uchod yn cau ar y 15fed Mai. Mae'r holiadur yn ar gael yn [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdBlgi-0XNjjgh9HCQsy7KQWJo4qhfJmCGtQjwFI4WWYipaMA/viewform?usp=dialog Saesneg], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1BXYa7c6-9R4ZAeJFltPQSGw0OcnZbbz-b080wKpFAlI/edit Cymraeg] a [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1pyqryilEEymj7TpqEHQXEMHKZgCPRmDnH77oPCekqwQ/edit Gwyddelig] ond os mae'r holiadur ddim yn hygyrch amdanoch chi am unrhyw reswm, mae croeso mawr i chi anfon e-bost i fi (gemma.coleman@wikimedia.org.uk) i rannu eich barn neu drafod am ffyrdd well i chi cael eich dweud. [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:13, 6 Mey 2025 (UTC) == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Mey 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|Collogue]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mey 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive == Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki! 26 Mey - 1 Juin - mair info - [[Wikipedia:Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive|Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive]] Thare ur '''2450''' articles on the wiki thit are still tagged as needin thair Scots sortit, an '''1480''' (25 Mairch 2025) o'aim ur stubs. Mony o thaim are juist a coople o lines lang, so we'v got a really guid opportunity here tae dae a big dent in that nummer! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 14:41, 21 Mey 2025 (UTC) == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Mey 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 03:08, 28 Mey 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> pvmk3gw834on9rqrvncgw7qe8dens0j 14 232652 906298 2025-06-27T21:38:12Z Atlantic306 30244 category 906298 wikitext text/x-wiki Category o Scots tred unionists og067v9a7nqxhuajwajrjph5dfvlh9x