Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.9 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3589 906519 905811 2025-07-10T20:34:14Z Atlantic306 30244 added ref 906519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox MSP | honorific-prefix = | name = Roseanna Cunningham | honorific-suffix = [[Member o the Scots Pairlament|MSP]] | image =Roseanna Cunningham.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | office1 = [[Cabinet Secretar for Environment, Climate Chynge an Laund Reform]] | firstminister1 = [[Nicola Sturgeon]] | term_start1 = 18 Mey 2016 | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = [[Aileen McLeod]] (as [[Meenister for Environment, Climate Chynge an Laund Reform]]) | successor1 = | office2 = [[Cabinet Secretar for Fair Wirk, Skills an Trainin]] | firstminister2 = [[Nicola Sturgeon]] | term_start2 = 21 November 2014 | term_end2 = 18 Mey 2016 | predecessor2 = [[Angela Constance]] (as Cabinet Secretar for Trainin, Youth an Weemen's Employment) | successor2 = Office vacant | office3 = [[Meenister for Commonty Safety an Legal Affairs]] | term_start3 = 25 Mey 2011 | term_end3 = 21 November 2014 | firstminister3 = [[Alex Salmond]] | predecessor3 = [[Fergus Ewing]] | successor3 = Paul Wheelhouse | office4 = [[Scots Naitional Pairty|Depute Leader o the Scots Naitional Pairty]] | leader4 = [[John Swinney]] | term_start4 = 26 September 2000 | term_end4 = 3 September 2004 | predecessor4 = [[John Swinney]] | successor4 = [[Nicola Sturgeon]] | constituency_MP5 = [[Pairthshire Sooth an Kinross-shire (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Pairthshire Sooth an Kinross-shire]] <small><br>[[Pairth (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Perth]] 1999-2011</small> | parliament5 = Scots | majority5 = 1,422 | term_start5 = 6 Mey 1999 | term_end5 = | predecessor5 = [[Scotland Act 1998|Constituency creatit]] | successor5 = | constituency_MP6 = [[Pairth (UK Pairlament constituency)|Pairth]]<br /><small>[[Pairth an Kinross (UK Pairlament constituency)|Pairth an Kinross]] (1995–1997)</small> | parliament6 = | majority6 = | term_start6 = 25 Mey 1995 | term_end6 = 7 Juin 2001 | predecessor6 = [[Nicholas Fairbairn]] | successor6 = [[Annabelle Ewing]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|07|27|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Glesga]], Scotland | death_date = | death_place = | birthname = | nationality = Scots | party = [[Scots National Pairty]] | spouse = | relations = | children = | residence = | alma_mater = [[Varsity o Wastren Australie]] | profession = [[Solicitor]], [[Advocate]] | religion = [[Roman Catholic]] | website = [http://www.roseannacunningham.com/ Offeecial wabsteid] | footnotes = }} '''Roseanna Cunningham''' (born [[27 Julie]] [[1951]] in [[Glesga]]), is a [[Scotland|Scots]] politician, an a [[Commissioners tae the Scots Pairlament|Commissioner tae the Scots Pairlament]], representin the [[Scots National Pairty]] (SNP). In baith [[1999]] an [[2003]], she wis waled for tae represent the Perth consteetuency. She representit Perth at Wastmeinster forbye, atween [[1995]] an [[2001]]. She wis ance depute convener o her pairty an aa, atween [[2000]] an [[2004]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-12569|title=Cunningham, Roseanna|last=|first=|date=|website=Who's Who|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{ cite web|url=https://www.parliament.scot/msps/current-and-previous-msps/roseanna-cunningham|title=|website=www.parliament.scot|access-date=10 July 2025}}</ref> ==References== <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Cunningham, Roseanna}} [[Category:1951 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Members o the Faculty o Advocates]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 1999–2003]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2003–07]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2007–11]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2011–16]] [[Category:Politeecians frae Glesga]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MSPs]] [[Category:Scots republicans]] [[Category:Scots soleecitors]] [[Category:UK MPs 1992–1997]] [[Category:UK MPs 1997–2001]] [[Category:Female members o the Scots Pairlament]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2016–]] [[Category:Weemen members o the Scots Govrenment]] [[Category:20t-century weemen politeecians]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} {{Stub/Scotland}} i4nu85j0f8sykufyf19k2ackj63nz19 906520 906519 2025-07-10T20:34:52Z Atlantic306 30244 filled ref 906520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox MSP | honorific-prefix = | name = Roseanna Cunningham | honorific-suffix = [[Member o the Scots Pairlament|MSP]] | image =Roseanna Cunningham.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | office1 = [[Cabinet Secretar for Environment, Climate Chynge an Laund Reform]] | firstminister1 = [[Nicola Sturgeon]] | term_start1 = 18 Mey 2016 | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = [[Aileen McLeod]] (as [[Meenister for Environment, Climate Chynge an Laund Reform]]) | successor1 = | office2 = [[Cabinet Secretar for Fair Wirk, Skills an Trainin]] | firstminister2 = [[Nicola Sturgeon]] | term_start2 = 21 November 2014 | term_end2 = 18 Mey 2016 | predecessor2 = [[Angela Constance]] (as Cabinet Secretar for Trainin, Youth an Weemen's Employment) | successor2 = Office vacant | office3 = [[Meenister for Commonty Safety an Legal Affairs]] | term_start3 = 25 Mey 2011 | term_end3 = 21 November 2014 | firstminister3 = [[Alex Salmond]] | predecessor3 = [[Fergus Ewing]] | successor3 = Paul Wheelhouse | office4 = [[Scots Naitional Pairty|Depute Leader o the Scots Naitional Pairty]] | leader4 = [[John Swinney]] | term_start4 = 26 September 2000 | term_end4 = 3 September 2004 | predecessor4 = [[John Swinney]] | successor4 = [[Nicola Sturgeon]] | constituency_MP5 = [[Pairthshire Sooth an Kinross-shire (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Pairthshire Sooth an Kinross-shire]] <small><br>[[Pairth (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Perth]] 1999-2011</small> | parliament5 = Scots | majority5 = 1,422 | term_start5 = 6 Mey 1999 | term_end5 = | predecessor5 = [[Scotland Act 1998|Constituency creatit]] | successor5 = | constituency_MP6 = [[Pairth (UK Pairlament constituency)|Pairth]]<br /><small>[[Pairth an Kinross (UK Pairlament constituency)|Pairth an Kinross]] (1995–1997)</small> | parliament6 = | majority6 = | term_start6 = 25 Mey 1995 | term_end6 = 7 Juin 2001 | predecessor6 = [[Nicholas Fairbairn]] | successor6 = [[Annabelle Ewing]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|07|27|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Glesga]], Scotland | death_date = | death_place = | birthname = | nationality = Scots | party = [[Scots National Pairty]] | spouse = | relations = | children = | residence = | alma_mater = [[Varsity o Wastren Australie]] | profession = [[Solicitor]], [[Advocate]] | religion = [[Roman Catholic]] | website = [http://www.roseannacunningham.com/ Offeecial wabsteid] | footnotes = }} '''Roseanna Cunningham''' (born [[27 Julie]] [[1951]] in [[Glesga]]), is a [[Scotland|Scots]] politician, an a [[Commissioners tae the Scots Pairlament|Commissioner tae the Scots Pairlament]], representin the [[Scots National Pairty]] (SNP). In baith [[1999]] an [[2003]], she wis waled for tae represent the Perth consteetuency. She representit Perth at Wastmeinster forbye, atween [[1995]] an [[2001]]. She wis ance depute convener o her pairty an aa, atween [[2000]] an [[2004]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-12569|title=Cunningham, Roseanna|last=|first=|date=|website=Who's Who|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{ cite web|url=https://www.parliament.scot/msps/current-and-previous-msps/roseanna-cunningham|title=Roseanna Cunningham|website=www.parliament.scot|access-date=10 July 2025}}</ref> ==References== <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Cunningham, Roseanna}} [[Category:1951 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Members o the Faculty o Advocates]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 1999–2003]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2003–07]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2007–11]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2011–16]] [[Category:Politeecians frae Glesga]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MSPs]] [[Category:Scots republicans]] [[Category:Scots soleecitors]] [[Category:UK MPs 1992–1997]] [[Category:UK MPs 1997–2001]] [[Category:Female members o the Scots Pairlament]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2016–]] [[Category:Weemen members o the Scots Govrenment]] [[Category:20t-century weemen politeecians]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} {{Stub/Scotland}} 52qbkmnw60nrayx4wjn5a7wil5prf68 906521 906520 2025-07-10T20:38:22Z Atlantic306 30244 update tag 906521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Update|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox MSP | honorific-prefix = | name = Roseanna Cunningham | honorific-suffix = [[Member o the Scots Pairlament|MSP]] | image =Roseanna Cunningham.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | office1 = [[Cabinet Secretar for Environment, Climate Chynge an Laund Reform]] | firstminister1 = [[Nicola Sturgeon]] | term_start1 = 18 Mey 2016 | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = [[Aileen McLeod]] (as [[Meenister for Environment, Climate Chynge an Laund Reform]]) | successor1 = | office2 = [[Cabinet Secretar for Fair Wirk, Skills an Trainin]] | firstminister2 = [[Nicola Sturgeon]] | term_start2 = 21 November 2014 | term_end2 = 18 Mey 2016 | predecessor2 = [[Angela Constance]] (as Cabinet Secretar for Trainin, Youth an Weemen's Employment) | successor2 = Office vacant | office3 = [[Meenister for Commonty Safety an Legal Affairs]] | term_start3 = 25 Mey 2011 | term_end3 = 21 November 2014 | firstminister3 = [[Alex Salmond]] | predecessor3 = [[Fergus Ewing]] | successor3 = Paul Wheelhouse | office4 = [[Scots Naitional Pairty|Depute Leader o the Scots Naitional Pairty]] | leader4 = [[John Swinney]] | term_start4 = 26 September 2000 | term_end4 = 3 September 2004 | predecessor4 = [[John Swinney]] | successor4 = [[Nicola Sturgeon]] | constituency_MP5 = [[Pairthshire Sooth an Kinross-shire (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Pairthshire Sooth an Kinross-shire]] <small><br>[[Pairth (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Perth]] 1999-2011</small> | parliament5 = Scots | majority5 = 1,422 | term_start5 = 6 Mey 1999 | term_end5 = | predecessor5 = [[Scotland Act 1998|Constituency creatit]] | successor5 = | constituency_MP6 = [[Pairth (UK Pairlament constituency)|Pairth]]<br /><small>[[Pairth an Kinross (UK Pairlament constituency)|Pairth an Kinross]] (1995–1997)</small> | parliament6 = | majority6 = | term_start6 = 25 Mey 1995 | term_end6 = 7 Juin 2001 | predecessor6 = [[Nicholas Fairbairn]] | successor6 = [[Annabelle Ewing]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|07|27|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Glesga]], Scotland | death_date = | death_place = | birthname = | nationality = Scots | party = [[Scots National Pairty]] | spouse = | relations = | children = | residence = | alma_mater = [[Varsity o Wastren Australie]] | profession = [[Solicitor]], [[Advocate]] | religion = [[Roman Catholic]] | website = [http://www.roseannacunningham.com/ Offeecial wabsteid] | footnotes = }} '''Roseanna Cunningham''' (born [[27 Julie]] [[1951]] in [[Glesga]]), is a [[Scotland|Scots]] politician, an a [[Commissioners tae the Scots Pairlament|Commissioner tae the Scots Pairlament]], representin the [[Scots National Pairty]] (SNP). In baith [[1999]] an [[2003]], she wis waled for tae represent the Perth consteetuency. She representit Perth at Wastmeinster forbye, atween [[1995]] an [[2001]]. She wis ance depute convener o her pairty an aa, atween [[2000]] an [[2004]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-12569|title=Cunningham, Roseanna|last=|first=|date=|website=Who's Who|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{ cite web|url=https://www.parliament.scot/msps/current-and-previous-msps/roseanna-cunningham|title=Roseanna Cunningham|website=www.parliament.scot|access-date=10 July 2025}}</ref> ==References== <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Cunningham, Roseanna}} [[Category:1951 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Members o the Faculty o Advocates]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 1999–2003]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2003–07]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2007–11]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2011–16]] [[Category:Politeecians frae Glesga]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MSPs]] [[Category:Scots republicans]] [[Category:Scots soleecitors]] [[Category:UK MPs 1992–1997]] [[Category:UK MPs 1997–2001]] [[Category:Female members o the Scots Pairlament]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2016–]] [[Category:Weemen members o the Scots Govrenment]] [[Category:20t-century weemen politeecians]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} {{Stub/Scotland}} gr3dpl51l91zo07jmfaif8z00ywoebl 906530 906521 2025-07-11T01:12:11Z CiphriusKane 74958 906530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Update|date=Julie 2025}} {{Infobox MSP | honorific-prefix = | name = Roseanna Cunningham | honorific-suffix = [[Member o the Scots Pairlament|MSP]] | image =Roseanna Cunningham.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | office1 = [[Cabinet Secretar for Environment, Climate Chynge an Laund Reform]] | firstminister1 = [[Nicola Sturgeon]] | term_start1 = 18 Mey 2016 | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = [[Aileen McLeod]] (as [[Meenister for Environment, Climate Chynge an Laund Reform]]) | successor1 = | office2 = [[Cabinet Secretar for Fair Wirk, Skills an Trainin]] | firstminister2 = [[Nicola Sturgeon]] | term_start2 = 21 November 2014 | term_end2 = 18 Mey 2016 | predecessor2 = [[Angela Constance]] (as Cabinet Secretar for Trainin, Youth an Weemen's Employment) | successor2 = Office vacant | office3 = [[Meenister for Commonty Safety an Legal Affairs]] | term_start3 = 25 Mey 2011 | term_end3 = 21 November 2014 | firstminister3 = [[Alex Salmond]] | predecessor3 = [[Fergus Ewing]] | successor3 = Paul Wheelhouse | office4 = [[Scots Naitional Pairty|Depute Leader o the Scots Naitional Pairty]] | leader4 = [[John Swinney]] | term_start4 = 26 September 2000 | term_end4 = 3 September 2004 | predecessor4 = [[John Swinney]] | successor4 = [[Nicola Sturgeon]] | constituency_MP5 = [[Pairthshire Sooth an Kinross-shire (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Pairthshire Sooth an Kinross-shire]] <small><br>[[Pairth (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Perth]] 1999-2011</small> | parliament5 = Scots | majority5 = 1,422 | term_start5 = 6 Mey 1999 | term_end5 = | predecessor5 = [[Scotland Act 1998|Constituency creatit]] | successor5 = | constituency_MP6 = [[Pairth (UK Pairlament constituency)|Pairth]]<br /><small>[[Pairth an Kinross (UK Pairlament constituency)|Pairth an Kinross]] (1995–1997)</small> | parliament6 = | majority6 = | term_start6 = 25 Mey 1995 | term_end6 = 7 Juin 2001 | predecessor6 = [[Nicholas Fairbairn]] | successor6 = [[Annabelle Ewing]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|07|27|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Glesga]], Scotland | death_date = | death_place = | birthname = | nationality = Scots | party = [[Scots National Pairty]] | spouse = | relations = | children = | residence = | alma_mater = [[Varsity o Wastren Australie]] | profession = [[Solicitor]], [[Advocate]] | religion = [[Roman Catholic]] | website = [http://www.roseannacunningham.com/ Offeecial wabsteid] | footnotes = }} '''Roseanna Cunningham''' (born [[27 Julie]] [[1951]] in [[Glesga]]), is a [[Scotland|Scots]] politician, an a [[Commissioners tae the Scots Pairlament|Commissioner tae the Scots Pairlament]], representin the [[Scots National Pairty]] (SNP). In baith [[1999]] an [[2003]], she wis waled for tae represent the Perth consteetuency. She representit Perth at Wastmeinster forbye, atween [[1995]] an [[2001]]. She wis ance depute convener o her pairty an aa, atween [[2000]] an [[2004]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-12569|title=Cunningham, Roseanna|last=|first=|date=|website=Who's Who|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{ cite web|url=https://www.parliament.scot/msps/current-and-previous-msps/roseanna-cunningham|title=Roseanna Cunningham|website=www.parliament.scot|access-date=10 July 2025}}</ref> ==References== <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Cunningham, Roseanna}} [[Category:1951 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Members o the Faculty o Advocates]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 1999–2003]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2003–07]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2007–11]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2011–16]] [[Category:Politeecians frae Glesga]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MSPs]] [[Category:Scots republicans]] [[Category:Scots soleecitors]] [[Category:UK MPs 1992–1997]] [[Category:UK MPs 1997–2001]] [[Category:Female members o the Scots Pairlament]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2016–]] [[Category:Weemen members o the Scots Govrenment]] [[Category:20t-century weemen politeecians]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} {{Stub/Scotland}} ttjr03q81al5cl0bkfzqzqmsesgn44m 0 4571 906499 904978 2025-07-10T17:03:55Z 2A02:C7C:D06A:9D00:CC6B:7606:C582:85F2 906499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Australian place | type = city | name = Sydney 2030 | state = nsw | image = Sydney Skyline - panoramio (7).jpg | caption = [[Sydney Harbour]] (landmarks include [[Sydney Tower]], [[Fort Denison]], [[The Domain]], [[Sydney Opera House]] an [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]]) | image_alt = | image2 = Free vector map of Sydney city Australia Level 12.svg | image2_alt = Map o the Sydney metropolitan aurie | caption2 = Map o the Sydney metropolitan aurie | coordinates = {{coord|33|51|54|S|151|12|34|E|display=inline,title}} | force_national_map = yes | pop = 5005400 | pop_year = 2016 | pop_footnotes = <ref name="ABSGCCSA">{{cite web|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15:ESTIMATED RESIDENT POPULATION – Greater Capital City Statistical Areas (GCCSAs)|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/28F51C010D29BFC9CA2575A0002126CC?OpenDocument|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|accessdate=30 March 2017|archive-date=2012-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327212358/http://www8.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/28F51C010D29BFC9CA2575A0002126CC?OpenDocument|url-status=dead}} Estimated resident population, 30 June 2016.</ref> | poprank = 1st | density = 400 | density_footnotes = (2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3218.0Main%20Features202014-15?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2014-15&num=&view=|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15: New South Wales: Population Density|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=30 March 2016|accessdate=31 March 2016|archive-date=2016-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405011204/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3218.0Main%20Features202014-15?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2014-15&num=&view=|url-status=dead}}</ref> | established = [[Australia Day|26 Januar]] 1788 | area = 12367.7 | area_footnotes = (GCCSA)<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/$File/BCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement|title=Greater Sydney: Basic Community Profile|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|work=2011 Census Community Profiles|date=28 March 2013|format=xls|accessdate=9 April 2014|archive-date=2022-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107230439/https://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/%24File/BCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement|url-status=dead}}</ref> | timezone = [[Australie Eastren Staundart Time|AEST]] | utc = +10 | timezone-dst = [[Australie Eastren Daylicht Time|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11 | dist1 = 877 | dir1 = NE | location1 = Melbourne | dist2 = 923 | dir2 = S | location2 = Brisbane | dist3 = 287 | dir3 = NE | location3 = Canberra | dist4 = 3936 | dir4 = E | location4 = Perth | dist5 = 1404 | dir5 = E | location5 = Adelaide | lga = [[:en:Sydney#Government|various]] (31) | county = [[:en:Cumberland County, New South Wales|Cumberland]] | division = | stategov = [[:en:Electoral districts of New South Wales|various]] (49) | fedgov = [[:File:Sydney divisions overview 2010.png|various]] (24) | maxtemp = 22.5 | maxtemp_footnotes = <ref name=metdata>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_066062_All|site_name=Sydney (Observatory Hill)|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref> | mintemp = 14.5 | mintemp_footnotes = <ref name=metdata/> | rainfall = 1222.7 | rainfall_footnotes = <ref name=metdata/> | footnotes = '''Coordinates''':<ref>{{NSW GNR|id=TRlpoerXGH|title=Sydney|accessdate=28 February 2015}}</ref> }} '''Sydney''' is the [[Leet o ceeties in Australie bi population|lairgest an maist populous ceety]] in [[Australie]] an the [[Leet o Australian caipital ceeties|state caipital]] o [[New Sooth Wales]]. Sydney is locatit on Australie's sooth-east coast o the [[Tasman Sea]]. Inhabitants o Sydney are cried Sydneysiders, comprisin a cosmopolitan an internaitional population o fowk frae numerous places aroond the warld. The steid o the first [[Breetish colony]] in Australie, Sydney wis established in 1788 at [[Sydney Cove]] bi [[Arthur Phillip]], commodore o the [[First Fleet]] as a [[penal colony]]. The ceety is biggit on hills surroondin [[Port Jackson]] which is commonly kent as Sydney Harbour, whaur the iconic [[Sydney Opera Hoose]] an the [[Sydney Harbour Bridge|Harbour Bridge]] featur prominently. The hinterland o the metropolitan aurie is surroondit bi [[naitional pairks]], an the coastal regions feature mony bays, rivers, inlets an [[Beaches in Sydney|beaches]] includin the famous [[Bondi Beach]]. Athin the ceety are mony notable pairks, includin [[Hyde Park, Sydney|Hyde Park]] an the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney|Royal Botanic Gardens]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Ceeties o Australie}} [[Category:Sydney| ]] [[Category:Ceeties in New Sooth Wales]] [[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1788]] [[Category:Port ceeties in Australie]] [[Category:Coastal ceeties in Australie]] [[Category:Australie caipital ceeties]] {{Stub/Antip}} {{Stub/Ceity}} llczo4iydxd9jvxzfr5d4ks9cnwpdwt 906500 906499 2025-07-10T17:06:35Z 80.235.139.234 906500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Australian place | type = city | name = Sydney | state = nsw | image = Sydney Skyline - panoramio (7).jpg | caption = [[Sydney Harbour]] (landmarks include [[Sydney Tower]], [[Fort Denison]], [[The Domain]], [[Sydney Opera House]] an [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]]) | image_alt = | image2 = Free vector map of Sydney city Australia Level 12.svg | image2_alt = Map o the Sydney metropolitan aurie | caption2 = Map o the Sydney metropolitan aurie | coordinates = {{coord|33|51|54|S|151|12|34|E|display=inline,title}} | force_national_map = yes | pop = 5005400 | pop_year = 2016 | pop_footnotes = <ref name="ABSGCCSA">{{cite web|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15:ESTIMATED RESIDENT POPULATION – Greater Capital City Statistical Areas (GCCSAs)|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/28F51C010D29BFC9CA2575A0002126CC?OpenDocument|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|accessdate=30 March 2017|archive-date=2012-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327212358/http://www8.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/28F51C010D29BFC9CA2575A0002126CC?OpenDocument|url-status=dead}} Estimated resident population, 30 June 2016.</ref> | poprank = 1st | density = 400 | density_footnotes = (2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3218.0Main%20Features202014-15?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2014-15&num=&view=|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15: New South Wales: Population Density|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=30 March 2016|accessdate=31 March 2016|archive-date=2016-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405011204/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3218.0Main%20Features202014-15?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2014-15&num=&view=|url-status=dead}}</ref> | established = [[Australia Day|26 Januar]] 1788 | area = 12367.7 | area_footnotes = (GCCSA)<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/$File/BCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement|title=Greater Sydney: Basic Community Profile|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|work=2011 Census Community Profiles|date=28 March 2013|format=xls|accessdate=9 April 2014|archive-date=2022-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107230439/https://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/%24File/BCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement|url-status=dead}}</ref> | timezone = [[Australie Eastren Staundart Time|AEST]] | utc = +10 | timezone-dst = [[Australie Eastren Daylicht Time|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11 | dist1 = 877 | dir1 = NE | location1 = Melbourne | dist2 = 923 | dir2 = S | location2 = Brisbane | dist3 = 287 | dir3 = NE | location3 = Canberra | dist4 = 3936 | dir4 = E | location4 = Perth | dist5 = 1404 | dir5 = E | location5 = Adelaide | lga = [[:en:Sydney#Government|various]] (31) | county = [[:en:Cumberland County, New South Wales|Cumberland]] | division = | stategov = [[:en:Electoral districts of New South Wales|various]] (49) | fedgov = [[:File:Sydney divisions overview 2010.png|various]] (24) | maxtemp = 22.5 | maxtemp_footnotes = <ref name=metdata>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_066062_All|site_name=Sydney (Observatory Hill)|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref> | mintemp = 14.5 | mintemp_footnotes = <ref name=metdata/> | rainfall = 1222.7 | rainfall_footnotes = <ref name=metdata/> | footnotes = '''Coordinates''':<ref>{{NSW GNR|id=TRlpoerXGH|title=Sydney|accessdate=28 February 2015}}</ref> }} '''Sydney''' is the [[Leet o ceeties in Australie bi population|lairgest an maist populous ceety]] in [[Australie]] an the [[Leet o Australian caipital ceeties|state caipital]] o [[New Sooth Wales]]. Sydney is locatit on Australie's sooth-east coast o the [[Tasman Sea]]. Inhabitants o Sydney are cried Sydneysiders, comprisin a cosmopolitan an internaitional population o fowk frae numerous places aroond the warld. The steid o the first [[Breetish colony]] in Australie, Sydney wis established in 1788 at [[Sydney Cove]] bi [[Arthur Phillip]], commodore o the [[First Fleet]] as a [[penal colony]]. The ceety is biggit on hills surroondin [[Port Jackson]] which is commonly kent as Sydney Harbour, whaur the iconic [[Sydney Opera Hoose]] an the [[Sydney Harbour Bridge|Harbour Bridge]] featur prominently. The hinterland o the metropolitan aurie is surroondit bi [[naitional pairks]], an the coastal regions feature mony bays, rivers, inlets an [[Beaches in Sydney|beaches]] includin the famous [[Bondi Beach]]. Athin the ceety are mony notable pairks, includin [[Hyde Park, Sydney|Hyde Park]] an the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney|Royal Botanic Gardens]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Ceeties o Australie}} [[Category:Sydney| ]] [[Category:Ceeties in New Sooth Wales]] [[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1788]] [[Category:Port ceeties in Australie]] [[Category:Coastal ceeties in Australie]] [[Category:Australie caipital ceeties]] {{Stub/Antip}} {{Stub/Ceity}} cbbic4hhr21bgv72m2zxletd2xs6nr8 0 5627 906501 898364 2025-07-10T17:12:18Z 80.235.139.234 906501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fix Scots|date=Januar 2021}} {{Infobox German state | Name = Berlin 2033 | German_name = | image_photo = {{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Siegessaeule Aussicht 10-13 img4 Tiergarten.jpg | photo2a = Braniborská brána.jpg | photo2b = Journalists during the Berlin Film Festival in 2008.jpg | photo3a = East Side Gallery.JPG | photo3b = Alte Nationalgalerie Berlin, 2011.jpg | photo4a = Reichstag building Berlin view from west before sunset.jpg | size = 280 | spacing = 2 | color = | border = 0 | foot_montage = {{nobreak|Frae tap: Skyline includin the [[Fernsehturm Berlin|TV Tower]],}}<br>[[Brandenburg Gate]], [[Berlin Internaitional Film Festival]],<br>[[East Side Gallery]] ([[Berlin Waw]]), [[Alte Nationalgalerie]],<br>[[Reichstag bigin]] (Bundestag) }} |state_coa=DEU Berlin COA.svg |coa_size=70px |map=Berlin in Germany and EU.png |map_size=270px |map_text=Location within [[European Union]] an Germany |flag=Flag_of_Berlin.svg |area=891.85 |area_source= |population=3562166 |pop_ref=<ref name="Population11">{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/BasisZeitreiheGrafik/Bas-Einwohnerregister.asp?Ptyp=300&Sageb=12041&creg=BBB&anzwer=11|title=Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg|work=[[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]]|year=2014|accessdate=5 March 2015|language=German}}</ref> |pop_date=December 2014 | elevation = 34 | demonym = Berliner | GDP = 94.7 | GDP_year = 2010 |GDP_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berlin.de/imperia/md/content/sen-wirtschaft/konjunkturdaten/a_03.pdf?start&ts=1272613011&file=a_03.pdf|title=Bruttoinlandsprodukt (nominal) in BERLIN seit 1995|language=German|date=30 March 2010|accessdate=15 May 2011|archive-date=2011-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612112055/http://www.berlin.de/imperia/md/content/sen-wirtschaft/konjunkturdaten/a_03.pdf?start&ts=1272613011&file=a_03.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Website = [http://www.berlin.de/international/index.en.php berlin.de] |leader_title=[[Govrenin Mayor o Berlin|Govrenin Mayor]] |leader= Michael Müller |leader_party= SPD |ruling_party1=[[Social Democratic Pairty o Germany|SPD]] |ruling_party2=[[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] |votes=4 |divisions=12 [[Boroughs an localities o Berlin|boroughs]] | NUTS = DE3 | State = Berlin | Vorwahl = 030 | Kfz = B<small> (for earlier signs see note)</small><ref>Prefixes for vehicle registration wur introducit in 1906, but aften chyngit due tae the poleetical chynges efter 1945. Vehicles wur registered unner the follaein prefixes: "I A" (1906– Aprile 1945; devalidatit on 11 August 1945); no prefix, anerlie digits (syne Julie till August 1945), "БГ" (=BG; 1945–1946, for caurs, lorries an busses), "ГФ" (=GF; 1945–1946, for caurs, lorries an busses), "БМ" (=BM; 1945–1947, for motor bikes), "ГМ" (=GM; 1945–1947, for motor bikes), "KB" (i.e.: [[Allied Kommandatura|Kommandatura]] of Berlin; for aw o Berlin 1947–1948, continued for [[Wast Berlin]] till 1956), "GB" (i.e.: Greater Berlin, for [[East Berlin]] 1948–1953), "I" (for East Berlin, 1953–1990), "B" (for Wast Berlin as o 1 Julie 1956, continued for aw o Berlin syne 1990).</ref> | iso region = DE-BE | PLZ = 10001–14199 |coordinates = {{coord|52|30|2|N|13|23|56|E|display=inline,title}} | date = September 2010 }} '''Berlin''' is the [[caipital|caipital city]] o [[Germany]] an is ane o the 16 [[states o Germany]]. Wi a population o 3.45&nbsp;million fowk, Berlin is Germany's maistmuckle city. It is the seicont maist populous ceety proper an the seivent maist populous urban airt in the [[European Union]]. ==History== ===Etymology=== The origin o the name ''Berlin'' is uncertain. It mey hae its ruits in the leid o [[Wast Slavs|Wast Slavic]] indwallers o the area o the day's Berlin, an mey be relatit tae the Auld [[Polabian leid|Polabian]] stem ''berl-''/''birl-'' ("swamp").<ref>{{Cite book|last=Berger|first=Dieter|title=Geographische Namen in Deutschland|publisher=Bibliographisches Institut|year=1999|isbn=3-411-06252-5}}</ref> Fowk etymology connects the name tae the German wird for beir, ''Bär''. A beir appears in the coat o airms o the city.<ref name="Somers2008">{{cite book|author=Steven Somers|title=Those Crazy Germans!: A Lighthearted Guide to Germany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1h8NE0iud1IC&pg=PA12|date=14 July 2008|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|isbn=978-1-4535-6595-7|page=12}}</ref> ===12t tae 16t centuries=== [[File:ZLB-Berliner Ansichten-Januar.jpg|thumb|Cairt o Berlin in 1688]] The earliest evidence o settlements in the area o the day's Berlin are a widden rod datit frae approximately 1192<ref name="zycwaq">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press |title=Berlin dig finds city older than thought|accessdate=18 August 2008}}</ref> an leftowers o widden hoosepairts datit tae 1174 foond in a 2012 diggin in Berlin Mitte.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=dpa |title=Berlin ist älter als gedacht: Hausreste aus dem Jahr 1174 entdeckt|accessdate=24 August 2012|url=http://www.berlin.de/aktuelles/berlin/2674414-958092-berlin-ist-aelter-als-gedacht-hausreste-.html}}</ref> The first written records o touns in the area o present-day Berlin date frae the late 12t century. [[Spandau]] is first mentioned in 1197 an [[Köpenick]] in 1209, althou thir area did nae jyn Berlin till 1920.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berlin.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten.en/00175.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612020333/http://www.berlin.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten.en/00175.html|archivedate=12 June 2008|title=Spandau Citadel|work=Berlin tourist board|accessdate=18 August 2008}}</ref> The central pairt o Berlin can be traced back tae twa touns. [[Cölln]] on the [[Fischerinsel]] is first mentioned in a 1237 document, an Berlin, athort the [[Spree]] in what is nou cried the [[Nikolaiviertel]], is referenced in a document frae 1244.<ref name="zycwaq"/> The umwhile (1237) is considered tae be the foondin date o the city.<ref name=Medtradc>{{cite web|title=The medieval trading center|url=http://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/geschichte/handelsstadt.en.html|accessdate=11 June 2013|location=www.berlin.de}}</ref> The twa touns ower time formed close economic an social ties. In 1307 thay formed an alliance wi a common external policy, thair internal admeenistrations still bein separatit.<ref name="Stöver2010">Stöver B. Geschichte Berlins. Verlag CH Beck, 2010. ISBN 978-3-406-60067-8</ref><ref name="Lui stadtgr">[http://berlingeschichte.de/stadtentwicklung/texte/articles/1_02_stadtgr Stadtgründung Und Frühe Stadtentwicklung], Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein. Retrieved 10 June 2013</ref> In 1415, [[Frederick I, Elector o Brandenburg|Frederick I]] acame the [[prince-elector|elector]] o the [[Margraviate o Brandenburg]], which he ruled till 1440.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.west.net/~antipas/protected_files/news/europe/hohenzollerns.html|title=The Hohenzollern Dynasty|work=Antipas|accessdate=18 August 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807093738/http://www.west.net/~antipas/protected_files/news/europe/hohenzollerns.html|archivedate=7 August 2007}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807093738/http://www.west.net/~antipas/protected_files/news/europe/hohenzollerns.html |date=2007-08-07 }}</ref> During the 15t century his successors wad establish Berlin-Cölln as caipital o the margraviate, an subsequent members o the [[Hohenzollern]] faimily ruled till 1918 in Berlin, first as electors o Brandenburg, then as kings o Proushie, an eventually as [[German emperor]]s. In 1443, [[Frederick II, Elector o Brandenburg|Frederick II Airntuith]] stairtit the construction o a new [[Stadtschloss, Berlin|ryal palace]] in the twin city Berlin-Cölln. The protests o the toun ceetizens against the biggin culminatit in 1448, in the "Berlin Indignation" ("Berliner Unwille").<ref>[http://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlinabc/stichworteag/555-berliner-unwillen.html Berliner Unwillen]. ''Verein für die Geschichte Berlins e.&nbsp;V.'' Retrieved 30 May 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/serie-was-den-berliner-unwillen-erregte/7301932.html Was den "Berliner Unwillen" erregte.]. ''Der Tagesspiegel'', 26 Oktober 2012</ref> This protest wis nae successfu, houever, an the ceetizenry lost mony o its poleetical an economic privileges. Efter the ryal palace wis finished in 1451, it gradually came intae uise. Frae 1470, wi the new elector [[Albrecht III Achilles, Elector o Brandenburg|Albrecht III Achilles]], Berlin-Cölln acame the new ryal residence.<ref name="Lui stadtgr"/> Offeecially, the Berlin-Cölln palace acame permanent residence o the Brandenburg electors o the Hohenzollerns frae 1486, when [[John Cicero, Elector o Brandenburg|John Cicero]] came tae power.<ref>{{cite web|title=The electors' residence|url=http://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/geschichte/residenzstadt.en.html|accessdate=11 June 2013|location=www.berlin.de}}</ref> Berlin-Cölln, houiver, haed tae gie up its status as a free [[Hanseatic League|Hanseatic]] city. In 1539, the electors an the city offeecially became [[Lutheran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smp-protein.de/SMPConference/berlin.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818100934/http://www.smp-protein.de/SMPConference/berlin.htm|archivedate=18 August 2006|title=Berlin Cathedral|work=SMPProtein|accessdate=18 August 2008}}</ref> ===17t tae 19t centuries=== [[File:Friedrich Zweite Alt.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Frederick the Great]] (1712–1786) wis ane o Europe's [[enlichtened monarch]]s.]] The [[Thirty Years' War]] atween 1618 an 1648 devastatit Berlin. Ane third o its hooses war damaged or destroyed, an the city lost hauf o its population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/germany/bra30.html|title=Brandenburg during the 30 Years War|work=WHKMLA|accessdate=18 August 2008}}</ref> [[Frederick William I, Elector o Brandenburg|Frederick William]], kent as the "Great Elector", that haed succeedit his faither [[George William, Elector o Brandenburg|George William]] as ruler in 1640, initiatit a policy o promotin immigration an releegious tolerance.<ref name="Carlyle1853">{{cite book|author=Thomas Carlyle|title=Fraser's Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PME1mMFlEMcC&pg=PA63|year=1853|publisher=J. Fraser|page=63}}</ref> Wi the [[Edict o Potsdam]] in 1685, Frederick William offered asylum tae the French [[Huguenot]]s.<ref name="Plaut1995">{{cite book|author=W. Gunther Plaut|title=Asylum: A Moral Dilemma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oirvylPVAhAC&pg=PA42|date=1 January 1995|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-95196-2|page=42}}</ref> Bi 1700, approximately 30 percent o Berlin's residents war French, acause o the Huguenot immigration.<ref name="Gray2007">{{cite book|author=Jeremy Gray|title=Germany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5t5mZE_s5YC&pg=PA49|year=2007|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74059-988-7|page=49}}</ref> Mony ither immigrants came frae [[Bohemie]], [[Pols–Lithuanian Commonweel|Poland]], an [[Airchbishopric o Salzburg|Salzburg]].<ref name="Cybriwsky2013">{{cite book|author=Roman Adrian Cybriwsky|title=Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA48|date=23 May 2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-248-9|page=48}}</ref> [[File:Berlin Unter den Linden Victoria Hotel um 1900.jpg|thumb|left|Berlin acame the caipital o the [[German Empire]] in 1871 an expandit rapidly in the follaein years. (Unter den Linden in 1900)]] Syne 1618, the Margraviate o Brandenburg haed been in [[personal union]] wi the [[Duchy o Proushie]]. In 1701, houever, the dual state formed the [[Kinrick o Proushie]], as [[Frederick III, Elector o Brandenburg]] nou crouned himsel as king [[Frederick I o Proushie|Frederick I in Proushie]]. Berlin acame the caipital o the new Kinrick. This wis a successfu attempt tae centralise the caipital in the very ootspread state, an it wis the first time the city began tae grow. In 1709 Berlin merged wi the fower ceeties o Cölln, Friedrichswerder, Friedrichstadt an Dorotheenstadt unner the name Berlin, "Haupt- und Residenzstadt Berlin".<ref name="Stöver2010"/> In 1740, Frederick II, kent as [[Frederick the Great]] (1740–1786), came tae pouer.<ref name="Zaide1965">{{cite book|author=Gregorio F. Zaide|title=World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kq512SmGMIsC&pg=PA273|year=1965|publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc.|isbn=978-971-23-1472-8|page=273}}</ref> Unner the rule o Frederick II, Berlin acame a centre o [[the Enlichtenment]].<ref name="PerryChase2012">{{cite book|author1=Marvin Perry|author2=Myrna Chase|author3=James Jacob |author4=Margaret Jacob |author5=Theodore Von Laue|title=Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics, and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YYIJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA444|date=1 January 2012|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=1-133-70864-1|page=444}}</ref> Follaein Fraunce's veectory in the [[War o the Fowert Coaleetion]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] mairched intae Berlin in 1806, but grantit sel-govrenment tae the city.<ref name="Lewis2013">{{cite book|author=Peter B. Lewis|title=Arthur Schopenhauer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6TBXX9KVtzsC&pg=PA57|date=15 February 2013|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-78023-069-6|page=57}}</ref> In 1815, the city acame pairt o the new [[Province o Brandenburg]].<ref name="StaffInc.2010">{{cite book|author1=Harvard Student Agencies Inc. Staff|author2=Harvard Student Agencies, Inc.|title=Let's Go Berlin, Prague & Budapest: The Student Travel Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nj0YqD4ntvIC&pg=PA83|date=28 December 2010|publisher=Avalon Travel|isbn=1-59880-914-8|page=83|access-date=2015-07-23|archive-date=2015-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914181704/https://books.google.com/books?id=Nj0YqD4ntvIC&pg=PA83|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Industrial Revolution]] transformed Berlin during the 19t century; the city's economy an population expandit dramatically, an it acame the main railwey hub an economic centre o Germany. Addeetional suburbs suin developed an increased the area an population o Berlin. In 1861, neighborin suburbs includin [[Wedding (Berlin)|Wedding]], [[Moabit]] an several ithers war incorporatit intae Berlin.<ref name="Schulte-Peevers2010">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|title=Lonel Berlin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DKlXQS6c3p0C&pg=PA25|date=15 September 2010|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74220-407-9|page=25}}</ref> In 1871, Berlin acame caipital o the newly foondit [[German Empire]].<ref name="Stöver2013">{{cite book|author=Bernd Stöver|title=Berlin: A Short History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LVA8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PT20|date=2 October 2013|publisher=C.H.Beck|isbn=978-3-406-65633-0|page=20}}</ref> In 1881, it acame a city destrict separate frae Brandenburg.<ref name="Strassmann2008">{{cite book|author=W. Paul Strassmann|title=The Strassmanns: Science, Politics and Migration in Turbulent Times (1793-1993)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5cCuBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|date=15 June 2008|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-84545-416-6|page=26}}</ref> ===20t tae 21st centuries=== [[File:Kirchner 1913 Street, Berlin.jpg|thumb|150px|''Street, Berlin'' (1913) bi [[Ernst Ludwig Kirchner]]]] In the early 20t century, Berlin haed acome a fertile grund for the [[German Expressionism|German Expressionist]] movement.<ref name="HollandGawthrop2001">{{cite book|author1=Jack Holland|author2=John Gawthrop|title=The Rough Guide to Berlin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EsJWmKCSa8C&pg=PA361|year=2001|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-85828-682-2|page=361}}</ref> In fields such as [[airchitectur]], [[pentin]] an [[film|cinema]] new forms o airteestic styles war inventit. At the end o [[Warld War I]] in 1918, a [[Weimar Republic|republic]] wis proclaimed bi [[Philipp Scheidemann]] at the [[Reichstag (biggin)|Reichstag biggin]]. In 1920, the [[Greater Berlin Act]] incorporatit dozens o suburban ceeties, veelages, an estates aroond Berlin intae an expandit city. The act increased the area o Berlin frae {{convert|66|to|883|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. The population almaist doubled an Berlin haed a population o aroond fower million. During the [[Weimar culture|Weimar era]], Berlin unnerwent poleetical unrest due tae economic uncertainties, but acame a renained centre o the [[Roarin Twenties]] an aa. The metropolis experienced its heyday as a major warld caipital an wis kent for its leadership roles in science, technology, the humanities, city plannin, film, heicher eddication, govrenment, an industries. [[Albert Einstein]] rose tae public prominence during his years in Berlin, bein awairdit the [[Nobel Prize for Pheesics]] in 1921. [[File:Potsdamer Platz 1945.jpg|thumb|left|Berlin in ruins efter [[Warld War II]] ([[Potsdamer Platz]], 1945).]] In 1933, [[Adolf Hitler]] an the [[Nazi Pairty]] [[Machtergreifung|came tae pouer]]. NSDAP rule effectively destroyed Berlin's Jewish community, which haed nummered 160,000, representin ane-third o aw Jews in the kintra. Berlin's Jewish population fell tae aboot 80,000 as a result o emigration atween 1933 an 1939. Efter [[Kristallnacht]] in 1938, thoosands o the city's persecutit groups war imprisoned in the nearby [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp]] or, stairtin in early 1943, war shipped tae [[death camp]]s, such as [[Auschwitz]].<ref>[http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005450 Berlin<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> During Warld War II, muckle pairts o Berlin war destroyed in [[Battle o Berlin (air)|the 1943–45 air raids]] an during the [[Battle o Berlin]]. Aroond 125,000 ceevilians war killed.<ref>{{citation|last=Clodfelter|first=Michael|title=Warfare and Armed Conflicts- A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000|edition=2nd|publisher=McFarland & Company|year=2002|isbn=0-7864-1204-6}}</ref> Efter the [[end o Warld War II in Europe|end o the war in Europe]] in 1945, Berlin received lairge nummers o refugees frae the Eastren provinces. The victorious pouers dealt the city intae fower sectors, analogous tae the [[Allied-occupied Germany|occupation zones]] intae which Germany wis dividit. The sectors o the [[Wastren Allies]] (the Unitit States, the Unitit Kinrick an Fraunce) formed [[Wast Berlin]], while the [[Soviet Union|Soviet sector]] formed [[East Berlin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/psf/box31/t297c01.html|title=Agreement to divide Berlin|work=FDR-Library|accessdate=18 August 2008}}</ref> [[File:Berlinermauer.jpg|thumb|The [[Berlin Waw]] in 1986, pentit on the wastren side. Fowk crossin the sae-cried "death strip" on the eastren side war at risk o bein shot.]] Aw fower [[Allies o Warld War II|Allies]] shared admeenistrative responsibilities for Berlin. Houever, in 1948, when the Wastren Allies extendit the siller reform in the Wastren zones o Germany tae the three wastren sectors o Berlin, the [[Soviet Union]] imposed a [[Berlin Blockade|blockade]] on the access routes tae an frae Wast Berlin, which lay entirely inside Soviet-controlled territory. The [[Berlin airlift]], conductit bi the three wastren Allies, owercame this blockade bi supplyin fuid an ither supplies tae the city frae Juin 1948 tae Mey 1949.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.western-allies-berlin.com/historic-events/detail/airlift-blockade|title=Berlin Airlift / Blockade|publisher=Western Allies Berlin|accessdate=18 August 2008}}</ref> In 1949, the Federal Republic o Germany wis foondit in [[Wast Germany]] an eventually includit aw o the American, Breetish, an French zones, excludin those three kintras' zones in Berlin, while the [[Marxist-Leninist]] [[East Germany|German Democratic Republic]] wis proclaimed in East Germany. Wast Berlin offeecially remained an occupied city, but it poleetically wis aligned wi the Federal Republic o Germany despite Wast Berlin's geografic isolation. Airline service tae Wast Berlin wis grantit anly tae American, Breetish, an French airlines. [[File:West and East Germans at the Brandenburg Gate in 1989.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Berlin Waw#The Faw|faw o the Berlin Waw]] on 9 November 1989. On [[German Unity Day|3 October 1990]], the [[German reunification]] process wis formally finished.]] The foondin o the twa German states increased [[Cauld War]] tensions. Wast Berlin wis surroondit bi East German territory, an East Germany proclaimed the Eastren pairt as its caipital, a muiv that wis nae recognised bi the wastren powers. East Berlin included maist o the historic centre o the city. The Wast German govrenment established itsel in [[Bonn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/geschichte/1945.en.html|title=Berlin official website; History after 1945|publisher=City of Berlin|accessdate=8 April 2009}}</ref> In 1961, East Germany began the biggin o the [[Berlin Waw]] atween East an Wast Berlin, an events escalatit tae a tank staundoff at [[Checkpoint Charlie]]. Wast Berlin wis nou de facto a pairt o Wast Germany wi a unique legal status, while East Berlin wis de facto a pairt o East Germany. [[John F. Kennedy]] gae his "''[[Ich bin ein Berliner]]''" – speech in 1963 unnerlinin the US support for the Wastren pairt o the city. Berlin wis completely dividit. Althou it wis possible for Wastreners tae pass frae ane tae the ither side throu strictly controlled checkpynts, for maist Eastreners traivel tae West Berlin or Wast Germany wis prohibitit. In 1971, a [[Fower Pouer Agreement on Berlin|Fower-Pouer agreement]] guaranteed access tae an frae Wast Berlin bi caur or train throu East Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/ga5-710903.htm|title=Ostpolitik: The Quadripartite Agreement of September 3, 1971|publisher=US Berlin Embassy|accessdate=18 August 2008}}</ref> In 1989, wi the end o the Cauld War an pressur frae the East German population, the Berlin Waw fell on 9 November an wis subsequently maistly demolished. The day, the [[East Side Gallery]] preserves a muckle portion o the Waw. On 3 October 1990, the twa pairts o Germany war [[German reunification|reunified]] as the Federal Republic o Germany, an Berlin again acame the offeecial German caipital. In 1991, the German Pairlament, the [[Bundestag]], [[Deceesion on the Caipital o Germany|votit tae muive the seat]] o the (Wast) German caipital frae Bonn tae Berlin, which wis completit in 1999. [[Berlin's 2001 admeenistrative reform]] merged several destricts. The nummer o boroughs wis reduced frae 23 tae 12. In 2006, the [[2006 FIFA Warld Cup Final|FIFA Warld Cup Final]] wis held in Berlin. == Politics == === Burghs === {{Main|Burghs an localities o Berlin}} [[File:BerlinDistricts.svg|thumb|right|Cairt o Berlin's twal burghs an thair localities.]] Berlin is subdividit intae [[Burghs an localities o Berlin|twal burghs]] (''Bezirke''), doun frae 23 burghs afore [[Berlin's 2001 admeenistrative reform]]. Each borough contains a nummer o localities (''Ortsteile''), which aften hae historic ruits in aulder municipalities that predate the formation o Greater Berlin on 1 October 1920 an became urbanized an incorporatit intae the ceety. Mony residents strangly identifee wi thair localities or burghs. At present Berlin consists o 95 localities, which are commonly made up o several ceety neighborhuids—cried ''[[Kiez]]'' in the [[Berlin dialect]]—representin sma residential area. Each burgh is govrened bi a burgh cooncil (''Bezirksamt'') consistin o five cooncilors (''Bezirksstadträte'') an a burgh mayor (''Bezirksbürgermeister''). The burgh cooncil is electit bi the burgh assembly (''Bezirksverordnetenversammlung''). The burghs o Berlin are no independent municipalities, housomeivver. <!-- ([[urban destrict]], ''Stadtkreis'') --> The pouer o burgh govrenments is limitit an subordinate tae the Senate o Berlin. The burgh mayors form the cooncil o mayors (''Rat der Bürgermeister''), led bi the ceety's govrenin mayor, which advises the senate. The localities hae nae local govrenment bodies, an the admeenistrative duties o the umwhile locality representative, the ''Ortsvorsteher'', wur taken ower bi the burgh mayors. === Sister ceeties === Berlin maintains offeecial pairtnerships wi 17 ceeties.<ref name=Berlinsistercities>{{cite web|url=http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.de.html|title=Berlin's international city relations|work=Berlin Mayor's Office|accessdate=22 August 2010|archive-date=2010-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908235902/http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.de.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Town twinnin atween Berlin an ither ceeties began wi Los Angeles in 1967. East Berlin's pairtnerships wur canceled at the time o German reunification an later pairtially reestablished. Wast Berlin's pairtnerships haed previously been restrictit tae the borough level. Durin the Cauld War era, the pairtnerships haed reflectit the different power blocs, wi Wast Berlin pairtnerin wi caipitals in the Wast, an East Berlin maistly pairtnerin wi ceeties frae the [[Warsaw Pact]] an its allies. Thare are several joint projects wi mony ither ceeties, such as [[Copenhagen]], [[Helsinki]], [[Johannesburg]], [[Shanghai]], [[Seoul]], [[Sofia]], [[Sydney]], an [[Vienna]]. Berlin participates in internaitional ceety associations such as the Union o the Caipitals o the European Union, Eurocities, Netwirk o European Ceeties o Cultur, Metropolis, Summit Conference o the Warld's Major Ceeties, Conference o the Warld's Caipital Ceeties. Berlin's offeecial sister ceeties are:<ref name=Berlinsistercities/> {| style="background:none;" |- |valign="top"| * 1967 [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] '''[[Los Angeles]]''', [[Unitit States]] * 1987 [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px]] '''[[Paris]]''', [[Fraunce]] * 1988 [[File:Flag of Spain.svg|20px]] '''[[Madrid]]''', [[Spain]] * 1989 [[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|20px]] '''[[Istanbul]]''', [[Turkey]] * 1991 [[File:Flag of Poland.svg|20px]] '''[[Warsaw]]''', [[Poland]]<ref name="Warsaw">{{cite web|url=http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&ak_id=3284&kat=11|title=Miasta partnerskie Warszawy|work=um.warszawa.pl|publisher=Biuro Promocji Miasta|date=4 May 2005|accessdate=29 August 2008|archive-date=2007-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011111033/http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&ak_id=3284&kat=11|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 1991 [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] '''[[Moscow]]''', [[Roushie]] |valign="top"| * 1991 [[File:Flag of Hungary.svg|20px]] '''[[Budapest]]''', [[Hungary]] * 1992 [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|20px]] '''[[Brussels]]''', [[Belgium]] * 1993 [[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|20px]] '''[[Jakarta]]''', [[Indonesie]] * 1993 [[File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|20px]] '''[[Tashkent]]''', [[Uzbekistan]] * 1993 [[File:Flag of Mexico.svg|20px]] '''[[Mexico Ceety]]''', [[Mexico]] * 1994 [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|20px]] '''[[Beijing]]''', [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] |valign="top"| * 1994 [[File:Flag of Japan.svg|20px]] '''[[Tokyo]]''', [[Japan]] * 1994 [[File:Flag of Argentina.svg|20px]] '''[[Buenos Aires]]''', [[Argentinae]] * 1995 [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] '''[[Prague]]''', [[Czech Republic]] * 2000 [[File:Flag of Namibia.svg|20px]] '''[[Windhoek]]''', [[Namibie]] * 2000 [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|20px]] '''[[Lunnon]]''', [[Unitit Kinrick]] |} ==Notable fowk== *[[Alexander von Humboldt]] *[[Marlene Dietrich]], German actress an sangster *[[Wilhelm II, German Emperor]] == References == {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == {{commons|Berlin}} {{States o the Federal Republic o Germany}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Berlin| ]] [[Category:Caipitals in Europe]] [[Category:Ceeties in Germany]] [[Category:States o Germany]] [[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] e2jremxxx2m4x5g3psazmljsfiqxf4e 906502 906501 2025-07-10T17:49:15Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o 80.235.139.234, chynged back tae last version bi Doc Taxon 898364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fix Scots|date=Januar 2021}} {{Infobox German state | Name = Berlin | German_name = | image_photo = {{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Siegessaeule Aussicht 10-13 img4 Tiergarten.jpg | photo2a = Braniborská brána.jpg | photo2b = Journalists during the Berlin Film Festival in 2008.jpg | photo3a = East Side Gallery.JPG | photo3b = Alte Nationalgalerie Berlin, 2011.jpg | photo4a = Reichstag building Berlin view from west before sunset.jpg | size = 280 | spacing = 2 | color = | border = 0 | foot_montage = {{nobreak|Frae tap: Skyline includin the [[Fernsehturm Berlin|TV Tower]],}}<br>[[Brandenburg Gate]], [[Berlin Internaitional Film Festival]],<br>[[East Side Gallery]] ([[Berlin Waw]]), [[Alte Nationalgalerie]],<br>[[Reichstag bigin]] (Bundestag) }} |state_coa=DEU Berlin COA.svg |coa_size=70px |map=Berlin in Germany and EU.png |map_size=270px |map_text=Location within [[European Union]] an Germany |flag=Flag_of_Berlin.svg |area=891.85 |area_source= |population=3562166 |pop_ref=<ref name="Population11">{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/BasisZeitreiheGrafik/Bas-Einwohnerregister.asp?Ptyp=300&Sageb=12041&creg=BBB&anzwer=11|title=Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg|work=[[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]]|year=2014|accessdate=5 March 2015|language=German}}</ref> |pop_date=December 2014 | elevation = 34 | demonym = Berliner | GDP = 94.7 | GDP_year = 2010 |GDP_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berlin.de/imperia/md/content/sen-wirtschaft/konjunkturdaten/a_03.pdf?start&ts=1272613011&file=a_03.pdf|title=Bruttoinlandsprodukt (nominal) in BERLIN seit 1995|language=German|date=30 March 2010|accessdate=15 May 2011|archive-date=2011-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612112055/http://www.berlin.de/imperia/md/content/sen-wirtschaft/konjunkturdaten/a_03.pdf?start&ts=1272613011&file=a_03.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Website = [http://www.berlin.de/international/index.en.php berlin.de] |leader_title=[[Govrenin Mayor o Berlin|Govrenin Mayor]] |leader= Michael Müller |leader_party= SPD |ruling_party1=[[Social Democratic Pairty o Germany|SPD]] |ruling_party2=[[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] |votes=4 |divisions=12 [[Boroughs an localities o Berlin|boroughs]] | NUTS = DE3 | State = Berlin | Vorwahl = 030 | Kfz = B<small> (for earlier signs see note)</small><ref>Prefixes for vehicle registration wur introducit in 1906, but aften chyngit due tae the poleetical chynges efter 1945. Vehicles wur registered unner the follaein prefixes: "I A" (1906– Aprile 1945; devalidatit on 11 August 1945); no prefix, anerlie digits (syne Julie till August 1945), "БГ" (=BG; 1945–1946, for caurs, lorries an busses), "ГФ" (=GF; 1945–1946, for caurs, lorries an busses), "БМ" (=BM; 1945–1947, for motor bikes), "ГМ" (=GM; 1945–1947, for motor bikes), "KB" (i.e.: [[Allied Kommandatura|Kommandatura]] of Berlin; for aw o Berlin 1947–1948, continued for [[Wast Berlin]] till 1956), "GB" (i.e.: Greater Berlin, for [[East Berlin]] 1948–1953), "I" (for East Berlin, 1953–1990), "B" (for Wast Berlin as o 1 Julie 1956, continued for aw o Berlin syne 1990).</ref> | iso region = DE-BE | PLZ = 10001–14199 |coordinates = {{coord|52|30|2|N|13|23|56|E|display=inline,title}} | date = September 2010 }} '''Berlin''' is the [[caipital|caipital city]] o [[Germany]] an is ane o the 16 [[states o Germany]]. Wi a population o 3.45&nbsp;million fowk, Berlin is Germany's maistmuckle city. It is the seicont maist populous ceety proper an the seivent maist populous urban airt in the [[European Union]]. ==History== ===Etymology=== The origin o the name ''Berlin'' is uncertain. It mey hae its ruits in the leid o [[Wast Slavs|Wast Slavic]] indwallers o the area o the day's Berlin, an mey be relatit tae the Auld [[Polabian leid|Polabian]] stem ''berl-''/''birl-'' ("swamp").<ref>{{Cite book|last=Berger|first=Dieter|title=Geographische Namen in Deutschland|publisher=Bibliographisches Institut|year=1999|isbn=3-411-06252-5}}</ref> Fowk etymology connects the name tae the German wird for beir, ''Bär''. A beir appears in the coat o airms o the city.<ref name="Somers2008">{{cite book|author=Steven Somers|title=Those Crazy Germans!: A Lighthearted Guide to Germany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1h8NE0iud1IC&pg=PA12|date=14 July 2008|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|isbn=978-1-4535-6595-7|page=12}}</ref> ===12t tae 16t centuries=== [[File:ZLB-Berliner Ansichten-Januar.jpg|thumb|Cairt o Berlin in 1688]] The earliest evidence o settlements in the area o the day's Berlin are a widden rod datit frae approximately 1192<ref name="zycwaq">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press |title=Berlin dig finds city older than thought|accessdate=18 August 2008}}</ref> an leftowers o widden hoosepairts datit tae 1174 foond in a 2012 diggin in Berlin Mitte.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=dpa |title=Berlin ist älter als gedacht: Hausreste aus dem Jahr 1174 entdeckt|accessdate=24 August 2012|url=http://www.berlin.de/aktuelles/berlin/2674414-958092-berlin-ist-aelter-als-gedacht-hausreste-.html}}</ref> The first written records o touns in the area o present-day Berlin date frae the late 12t century. [[Spandau]] is first mentioned in 1197 an [[Köpenick]] in 1209, althou thir area did nae jyn Berlin till 1920.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berlin.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten.en/00175.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612020333/http://www.berlin.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten.en/00175.html|archivedate=12 June 2008|title=Spandau Citadel|work=Berlin tourist board|accessdate=18 August 2008}}</ref> The central pairt o Berlin can be traced back tae twa touns. [[Cölln]] on the [[Fischerinsel]] is first mentioned in a 1237 document, an Berlin, athort the [[Spree]] in what is nou cried the [[Nikolaiviertel]], is referenced in a document frae 1244.<ref name="zycwaq"/> The umwhile (1237) is considered tae be the foondin date o the city.<ref name=Medtradc>{{cite web|title=The medieval trading center|url=http://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/geschichte/handelsstadt.en.html|accessdate=11 June 2013|location=www.berlin.de}}</ref> The twa touns ower time formed close economic an social ties. In 1307 thay formed an alliance wi a common external policy, thair internal admeenistrations still bein separatit.<ref name="Stöver2010">Stöver B. Geschichte Berlins. Verlag CH Beck, 2010. ISBN 978-3-406-60067-8</ref><ref name="Lui stadtgr">[http://berlingeschichte.de/stadtentwicklung/texte/articles/1_02_stadtgr Stadtgründung Und Frühe Stadtentwicklung], Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein. Retrieved 10 June 2013</ref> In 1415, [[Frederick I, Elector o Brandenburg|Frederick I]] acame the [[prince-elector|elector]] o the [[Margraviate o Brandenburg]], which he ruled till 1440.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.west.net/~antipas/protected_files/news/europe/hohenzollerns.html|title=The Hohenzollern Dynasty|work=Antipas|accessdate=18 August 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807093738/http://www.west.net/~antipas/protected_files/news/europe/hohenzollerns.html|archivedate=7 August 2007}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807093738/http://www.west.net/~antipas/protected_files/news/europe/hohenzollerns.html |date=2007-08-07 }}</ref> During the 15t century his successors wad establish Berlin-Cölln as caipital o the margraviate, an subsequent members o the [[Hohenzollern]] faimily ruled till 1918 in Berlin, first as electors o Brandenburg, then as kings o Proushie, an eventually as [[German emperor]]s. In 1443, [[Frederick II, Elector o Brandenburg|Frederick II Airntuith]] stairtit the construction o a new [[Stadtschloss, Berlin|ryal palace]] in the twin city Berlin-Cölln. The protests o the toun ceetizens against the biggin culminatit in 1448, in the "Berlin Indignation" ("Berliner Unwille").<ref>[http://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlinabc/stichworteag/555-berliner-unwillen.html Berliner Unwillen]. ''Verein für die Geschichte Berlins e.&nbsp;V.'' Retrieved 30 May 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/serie-was-den-berliner-unwillen-erregte/7301932.html Was den "Berliner Unwillen" erregte.]. ''Der Tagesspiegel'', 26 Oktober 2012</ref> This protest wis nae successfu, houever, an the ceetizenry lost mony o its poleetical an economic privileges. Efter the ryal palace wis finished in 1451, it gradually came intae uise. Frae 1470, wi the new elector [[Albrecht III Achilles, Elector o Brandenburg|Albrecht III Achilles]], Berlin-Cölln acame the new ryal residence.<ref name="Lui stadtgr"/> Offeecially, the Berlin-Cölln palace acame permanent residence o the Brandenburg electors o the Hohenzollerns frae 1486, when [[John Cicero, Elector o Brandenburg|John Cicero]] came tae power.<ref>{{cite web|title=The electors' residence|url=http://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/geschichte/residenzstadt.en.html|accessdate=11 June 2013|location=www.berlin.de}}</ref> Berlin-Cölln, houiver, haed tae gie up its status as a free [[Hanseatic League|Hanseatic]] city. In 1539, the electors an the city offeecially became [[Lutheran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smp-protein.de/SMPConference/berlin.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818100934/http://www.smp-protein.de/SMPConference/berlin.htm|archivedate=18 August 2006|title=Berlin Cathedral|work=SMPProtein|accessdate=18 August 2008}}</ref> ===17t tae 19t centuries=== [[File:Friedrich Zweite Alt.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Frederick the Great]] (1712–1786) wis ane o Europe's [[enlichtened monarch]]s.]] The [[Thirty Years' War]] atween 1618 an 1648 devastatit Berlin. Ane third o its hooses war damaged or destroyed, an the city lost hauf o its population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/germany/bra30.html|title=Brandenburg during the 30 Years War|work=WHKMLA|accessdate=18 August 2008}}</ref> [[Frederick William I, Elector o Brandenburg|Frederick William]], kent as the "Great Elector", that haed succeedit his faither [[George William, Elector o Brandenburg|George William]] as ruler in 1640, initiatit a policy o promotin immigration an releegious tolerance.<ref name="Carlyle1853">{{cite book|author=Thomas Carlyle|title=Fraser's Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PME1mMFlEMcC&pg=PA63|year=1853|publisher=J. Fraser|page=63}}</ref> Wi the [[Edict o Potsdam]] in 1685, Frederick William offered asylum tae the French [[Huguenot]]s.<ref name="Plaut1995">{{cite book|author=W. Gunther Plaut|title=Asylum: A Moral Dilemma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oirvylPVAhAC&pg=PA42|date=1 January 1995|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-95196-2|page=42}}</ref> Bi 1700, approximately 30 percent o Berlin's residents war French, acause o the Huguenot immigration.<ref name="Gray2007">{{cite book|author=Jeremy Gray|title=Germany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5t5mZE_s5YC&pg=PA49|year=2007|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74059-988-7|page=49}}</ref> Mony ither immigrants came frae [[Bohemie]], [[Pols–Lithuanian Commonweel|Poland]], an [[Airchbishopric o Salzburg|Salzburg]].<ref name="Cybriwsky2013">{{cite book|author=Roman Adrian Cybriwsky|title=Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA48|date=23 May 2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-248-9|page=48}}</ref> [[File:Berlin Unter den Linden Victoria Hotel um 1900.jpg|thumb|left|Berlin acame the caipital o the [[German Empire]] in 1871 an expandit rapidly in the follaein years. (Unter den Linden in 1900)]] Syne 1618, the Margraviate o Brandenburg haed been in [[personal union]] wi the [[Duchy o Proushie]]. In 1701, houever, the dual state formed the [[Kinrick o Proushie]], as [[Frederick III, Elector o Brandenburg]] nou crouned himsel as king [[Frederick I o Proushie|Frederick I in Proushie]]. Berlin acame the caipital o the new Kinrick. This wis a successfu attempt tae centralise the caipital in the very ootspread state, an it wis the first time the city began tae grow. In 1709 Berlin merged wi the fower ceeties o Cölln, Friedrichswerder, Friedrichstadt an Dorotheenstadt unner the name Berlin, "Haupt- und Residenzstadt Berlin".<ref name="Stöver2010"/> In 1740, Frederick II, kent as [[Frederick the Great]] (1740–1786), came tae pouer.<ref name="Zaide1965">{{cite book|author=Gregorio F. Zaide|title=World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kq512SmGMIsC&pg=PA273|year=1965|publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc.|isbn=978-971-23-1472-8|page=273}}</ref> Unner the rule o Frederick II, Berlin acame a centre o [[the Enlichtenment]].<ref name="PerryChase2012">{{cite book|author1=Marvin Perry|author2=Myrna Chase|author3=James Jacob |author4=Margaret Jacob |author5=Theodore Von Laue|title=Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics, and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YYIJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA444|date=1 January 2012|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=1-133-70864-1|page=444}}</ref> Follaein Fraunce's veectory in the [[War o the Fowert Coaleetion]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] mairched intae Berlin in 1806, but grantit sel-govrenment tae the city.<ref name="Lewis2013">{{cite book|author=Peter B. Lewis|title=Arthur Schopenhauer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6TBXX9KVtzsC&pg=PA57|date=15 February 2013|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-78023-069-6|page=57}}</ref> In 1815, the city acame pairt o the new [[Province o Brandenburg]].<ref name="StaffInc.2010">{{cite book|author1=Harvard Student Agencies Inc. Staff|author2=Harvard Student Agencies, Inc.|title=Let's Go Berlin, Prague & Budapest: The Student Travel Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nj0YqD4ntvIC&pg=PA83|date=28 December 2010|publisher=Avalon Travel|isbn=1-59880-914-8|page=83|access-date=2015-07-23|archive-date=2015-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914181704/https://books.google.com/books?id=Nj0YqD4ntvIC&pg=PA83|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Industrial Revolution]] transformed Berlin during the 19t century; the city's economy an population expandit dramatically, an it acame the main railwey hub an economic centre o Germany. Addeetional suburbs suin developed an increased the area an population o Berlin. In 1861, neighborin suburbs includin [[Wedding (Berlin)|Wedding]], [[Moabit]] an several ithers war incorporatit intae Berlin.<ref name="Schulte-Peevers2010">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|title=Lonel Berlin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DKlXQS6c3p0C&pg=PA25|date=15 September 2010|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74220-407-9|page=25}}</ref> In 1871, Berlin acame caipital o the newly foondit [[German Empire]].<ref name="Stöver2013">{{cite book|author=Bernd Stöver|title=Berlin: A Short History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LVA8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PT20|date=2 October 2013|publisher=C.H.Beck|isbn=978-3-406-65633-0|page=20}}</ref> In 1881, it acame a city destrict separate frae Brandenburg.<ref name="Strassmann2008">{{cite book|author=W. Paul Strassmann|title=The Strassmanns: Science, Politics and Migration in Turbulent Times (1793-1993)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5cCuBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|date=15 June 2008|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-84545-416-6|page=26}}</ref> ===20t tae 21st centuries=== [[File:Kirchner 1913 Street, Berlin.jpg|thumb|150px|''Street, Berlin'' (1913) bi [[Ernst Ludwig Kirchner]]]] In the early 20t century, Berlin haed acome a fertile grund for the [[German Expressionism|German Expressionist]] movement.<ref name="HollandGawthrop2001">{{cite book|author1=Jack Holland|author2=John Gawthrop|title=The Rough Guide to Berlin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EsJWmKCSa8C&pg=PA361|year=2001|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-85828-682-2|page=361}}</ref> In fields such as [[airchitectur]], [[pentin]] an [[film|cinema]] new forms o airteestic styles war inventit. At the end o [[Warld War I]] in 1918, a [[Weimar Republic|republic]] wis proclaimed bi [[Philipp Scheidemann]] at the [[Reichstag (biggin)|Reichstag biggin]]. In 1920, the [[Greater Berlin Act]] incorporatit dozens o suburban ceeties, veelages, an estates aroond Berlin intae an expandit city. The act increased the area o Berlin frae {{convert|66|to|883|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. The population almaist doubled an Berlin haed a population o aroond fower million. During the [[Weimar culture|Weimar era]], Berlin unnerwent poleetical unrest due tae economic uncertainties, but acame a renained centre o the [[Roarin Twenties]] an aa. The metropolis experienced its heyday as a major warld caipital an wis kent for its leadership roles in science, technology, the humanities, city plannin, film, heicher eddication, govrenment, an industries. [[Albert Einstein]] rose tae public prominence during his years in Berlin, bein awairdit the [[Nobel Prize for Pheesics]] in 1921. [[File:Potsdamer Platz 1945.jpg|thumb|left|Berlin in ruins efter [[Warld War II]] ([[Potsdamer Platz]], 1945).]] In 1933, [[Adolf Hitler]] an the [[Nazi Pairty]] [[Machtergreifung|came tae pouer]]. NSDAP rule effectively destroyed Berlin's Jewish community, which haed nummered 160,000, representin ane-third o aw Jews in the kintra. Berlin's Jewish population fell tae aboot 80,000 as a result o emigration atween 1933 an 1939. Efter [[Kristallnacht]] in 1938, thoosands o the city's persecutit groups war imprisoned in the nearby [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp]] or, stairtin in early 1943, war shipped tae [[death camp]]s, such as [[Auschwitz]].<ref>[http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005450 Berlin<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> During Warld War II, muckle pairts o Berlin war destroyed in [[Battle o Berlin (air)|the 1943–45 air raids]] an during the [[Battle o Berlin]]. Aroond 125,000 ceevilians war killed.<ref>{{citation|last=Clodfelter|first=Michael|title=Warfare and Armed Conflicts- A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000|edition=2nd|publisher=McFarland & Company|year=2002|isbn=0-7864-1204-6}}</ref> Efter the [[end o Warld War II in Europe|end o the war in Europe]] in 1945, Berlin received lairge nummers o refugees frae the Eastren provinces. The victorious pouers dealt the city intae fower sectors, analogous tae the [[Allied-occupied Germany|occupation zones]] intae which Germany wis dividit. The sectors o the [[Wastren Allies]] (the Unitit States, the Unitit Kinrick an Fraunce) formed [[Wast Berlin]], while the [[Soviet Union|Soviet sector]] formed [[East Berlin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/psf/box31/t297c01.html|title=Agreement to divide Berlin|work=FDR-Library|accessdate=18 August 2008}}</ref> [[File:Berlinermauer.jpg|thumb|The [[Berlin Waw]] in 1986, pentit on the wastren side. Fowk crossin the sae-cried "death strip" on the eastren side war at risk o bein shot.]] Aw fower [[Allies o Warld War II|Allies]] shared admeenistrative responsibilities for Berlin. Houever, in 1948, when the Wastren Allies extendit the siller reform in the Wastren zones o Germany tae the three wastren sectors o Berlin, the [[Soviet Union]] imposed a [[Berlin Blockade|blockade]] on the access routes tae an frae Wast Berlin, which lay entirely inside Soviet-controlled territory. The [[Berlin airlift]], conductit bi the three wastren Allies, owercame this blockade bi supplyin fuid an ither supplies tae the city frae Juin 1948 tae Mey 1949.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.western-allies-berlin.com/historic-events/detail/airlift-blockade|title=Berlin Airlift / Blockade|publisher=Western Allies Berlin|accessdate=18 August 2008}}</ref> In 1949, the Federal Republic o Germany wis foondit in [[Wast Germany]] an eventually includit aw o the American, Breetish, an French zones, excludin those three kintras' zones in Berlin, while the [[Marxist-Leninist]] [[East Germany|German Democratic Republic]] wis proclaimed in East Germany. Wast Berlin offeecially remained an occupied city, but it poleetically wis aligned wi the Federal Republic o Germany despite Wast Berlin's geografic isolation. Airline service tae Wast Berlin wis grantit anly tae American, Breetish, an French airlines. [[File:West and East Germans at the Brandenburg Gate in 1989.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Berlin Waw#The Faw|faw o the Berlin Waw]] on 9 November 1989. On [[German Unity Day|3 October 1990]], the [[German reunification]] process wis formally finished.]] The foondin o the twa German states increased [[Cauld War]] tensions. Wast Berlin wis surroondit bi East German territory, an East Germany proclaimed the Eastren pairt as its caipital, a muiv that wis nae recognised bi the wastren powers. East Berlin included maist o the historic centre o the city. The Wast German govrenment established itsel in [[Bonn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/geschichte/1945.en.html|title=Berlin official website; History after 1945|publisher=City of Berlin|accessdate=8 April 2009}}</ref> In 1961, East Germany began the biggin o the [[Berlin Waw]] atween East an Wast Berlin, an events escalatit tae a tank staundoff at [[Checkpoint Charlie]]. Wast Berlin wis nou de facto a pairt o Wast Germany wi a unique legal status, while East Berlin wis de facto a pairt o East Germany. [[John F. Kennedy]] gae his "''[[Ich bin ein Berliner]]''" – speech in 1963 unnerlinin the US support for the Wastren pairt o the city. Berlin wis completely dividit. Althou it wis possible for Wastreners tae pass frae ane tae the ither side throu strictly controlled checkpynts, for maist Eastreners traivel tae West Berlin or Wast Germany wis prohibitit. In 1971, a [[Fower Pouer Agreement on Berlin|Fower-Pouer agreement]] guaranteed access tae an frae Wast Berlin bi caur or train throu East Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/ga5-710903.htm|title=Ostpolitik: The Quadripartite Agreement of September 3, 1971|publisher=US Berlin Embassy|accessdate=18 August 2008}}</ref> In 1989, wi the end o the Cauld War an pressur frae the East German population, the Berlin Waw fell on 9 November an wis subsequently maistly demolished. The day, the [[East Side Gallery]] preserves a muckle portion o the Waw. On 3 October 1990, the twa pairts o Germany war [[German reunification|reunified]] as the Federal Republic o Germany, an Berlin again acame the offeecial German caipital. In 1991, the German Pairlament, the [[Bundestag]], [[Deceesion on the Caipital o Germany|votit tae muive the seat]] o the (Wast) German caipital frae Bonn tae Berlin, which wis completit in 1999. [[Berlin's 2001 admeenistrative reform]] merged several destricts. The nummer o boroughs wis reduced frae 23 tae 12. In 2006, the [[2006 FIFA Warld Cup Final|FIFA Warld Cup Final]] wis held in Berlin. == Politics == === Burghs === {{Main|Burghs an localities o Berlin}} [[File:BerlinDistricts.svg|thumb|right|Cairt o Berlin's twal burghs an thair localities.]] Berlin is subdividit intae [[Burghs an localities o Berlin|twal burghs]] (''Bezirke''), doun frae 23 burghs afore [[Berlin's 2001 admeenistrative reform]]. Each borough contains a nummer o localities (''Ortsteile''), which aften hae historic ruits in aulder municipalities that predate the formation o Greater Berlin on 1 October 1920 an became urbanized an incorporatit intae the ceety. Mony residents strangly identifee wi thair localities or burghs. At present Berlin consists o 95 localities, which are commonly made up o several ceety neighborhuids—cried ''[[Kiez]]'' in the [[Berlin dialect]]—representin sma residential area. Each burgh is govrened bi a burgh cooncil (''Bezirksamt'') consistin o five cooncilors (''Bezirksstadträte'') an a burgh mayor (''Bezirksbürgermeister''). The burgh cooncil is electit bi the burgh assembly (''Bezirksverordnetenversammlung''). The burghs o Berlin are no independent municipalities, housomeivver. <!-- ([[urban destrict]], ''Stadtkreis'') --> The pouer o burgh govrenments is limitit an subordinate tae the Senate o Berlin. The burgh mayors form the cooncil o mayors (''Rat der Bürgermeister''), led bi the ceety's govrenin mayor, which advises the senate. The localities hae nae local govrenment bodies, an the admeenistrative duties o the umwhile locality representative, the ''Ortsvorsteher'', wur taken ower bi the burgh mayors. === Sister ceeties === Berlin maintains offeecial pairtnerships wi 17 ceeties.<ref name=Berlinsistercities>{{cite web|url=http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.de.html|title=Berlin's international city relations|work=Berlin Mayor's Office|accessdate=22 August 2010|archive-date=2010-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908235902/http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.de.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Town twinnin atween Berlin an ither ceeties began wi Los Angeles in 1967. East Berlin's pairtnerships wur canceled at the time o German reunification an later pairtially reestablished. Wast Berlin's pairtnerships haed previously been restrictit tae the borough level. Durin the Cauld War era, the pairtnerships haed reflectit the different power blocs, wi Wast Berlin pairtnerin wi caipitals in the Wast, an East Berlin maistly pairtnerin wi ceeties frae the [[Warsaw Pact]] an its allies. Thare are several joint projects wi mony ither ceeties, such as [[Copenhagen]], [[Helsinki]], [[Johannesburg]], [[Shanghai]], [[Seoul]], [[Sofia]], [[Sydney]], an [[Vienna]]. Berlin participates in internaitional ceety associations such as the Union o the Caipitals o the European Union, Eurocities, Netwirk o European Ceeties o Cultur, Metropolis, Summit Conference o the Warld's Major Ceeties, Conference o the Warld's Caipital Ceeties. Berlin's offeecial sister ceeties are:<ref name=Berlinsistercities/> {| style="background:none;" |- |valign="top"| * 1967 [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] '''[[Los Angeles]]''', [[Unitit States]] * 1987 [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px]] '''[[Paris]]''', [[Fraunce]] * 1988 [[File:Flag of Spain.svg|20px]] '''[[Madrid]]''', [[Spain]] * 1989 [[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|20px]] '''[[Istanbul]]''', [[Turkey]] * 1991 [[File:Flag of Poland.svg|20px]] '''[[Warsaw]]''', [[Poland]]<ref name="Warsaw">{{cite web|url=http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&ak_id=3284&kat=11|title=Miasta partnerskie Warszawy|work=um.warszawa.pl|publisher=Biuro Promocji Miasta|date=4 May 2005|accessdate=29 August 2008|archive-date=2007-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011111033/http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&ak_id=3284&kat=11|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 1991 [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] '''[[Moscow]]''', [[Roushie]] |valign="top"| * 1991 [[File:Flag of Hungary.svg|20px]] '''[[Budapest]]''', [[Hungary]] * 1992 [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|20px]] '''[[Brussels]]''', [[Belgium]] * 1993 [[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|20px]] '''[[Jakarta]]''', [[Indonesie]] * 1993 [[File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|20px]] '''[[Tashkent]]''', [[Uzbekistan]] * 1993 [[File:Flag of Mexico.svg|20px]] '''[[Mexico Ceety]]''', [[Mexico]] * 1994 [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|20px]] '''[[Beijing]]''', [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] |valign="top"| * 1994 [[File:Flag of Japan.svg|20px]] '''[[Tokyo]]''', [[Japan]] * 1994 [[File:Flag of Argentina.svg|20px]] '''[[Buenos Aires]]''', [[Argentinae]] * 1995 [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] '''[[Prague]]''', [[Czech Republic]] * 2000 [[File:Flag of Namibia.svg|20px]] '''[[Windhoek]]''', [[Namibie]] * 2000 [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|20px]] '''[[Lunnon]]''', [[Unitit Kinrick]] |} ==Notable fowk== *[[Alexander von Humboldt]] *[[Marlene Dietrich]], German actress an sangster *[[Wilhelm II, German Emperor]] == References == {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == {{commons|Berlin}} {{States o the Federal Republic o Germany}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Berlin| ]] [[Category:Caipitals in Europe]] [[Category:Ceeties in Germany]] [[Category:States o Germany]] [[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] qrcwdxo5aon0nfbp7o20l4smwm1v256 10 56672 906531 379675 2025-07-11T01:20:49Z CiphriusKane 74958 Nae shuir gin iss'll sort ocht bit wirth a shot 906531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Str left|{{{1}}}|{{Strfind short|{{{1}}}| from|5|lenstr=80}} }}<noinclude> <br>The '''[[Template:Monthly_clean-up_category/name_part]]''' extracts the name prefix frae parameter 1, as aw o the text prior tae the spaced-wird "from" afore the month/year. If the wird "fae" is nae present within the parameter 1 text, then nocht is returned. ; Performance considerations This template searches the text in parameter 1 for the wird " frae" bi uisin efficient [[Template:Strfind_short]], which runs in 9 levels o expansion depth, compared tae [[Template:Str_find_long]], which runs wi 25 levels o depth, as uised prior tae 29 August 2012. *{{SUBPAGENAME}} - pagename <!-- *{{Str find long|{{SUBPAGENAME|}}|fae}} str find long --> *{{Str left|{{SUBPAGENAME}}|9}} offest 9 *{{Str left|Monthly clean up category/name part fae December 2009|9}} string wi / *{{Str left|Monthly clean up category name part fae December 2009|9}} string wi na / *{{Str left|{{SUBPAGENAME}} fae|{{Strfind short|{{SUBPAGENAME}} fae| fae|5|lenstr=60}}}} - Extractit subpagename </noinclude> sjxc0wethe3qzuv464oidfd0am8n0i2 0 69294 906533 851202 2025-07-11T03:14:30Z CommonsDelinker 411 Removin' "SNUMoA2007.jpg", it haes bin deletit frum Commons by [[commons:User:Abzeronow|Abzeronow]] coz: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:SNUMoA2007.jpg|]]. 906533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = {{raise|0.1em|Gwanak-gu}} | native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|관악구}}}} | native_name_lang = ko | official_name = {{lang|ko|{{nobold|관악구 · 冠岳區}}}} | settlement_type = [[Leet o destricts o Seoul|Destrict]] <!-- images, nickname, motto ---> | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = [[Seoul Naitional Varsity Museum o Airt]] | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | image_blank_emblem = | nickname = | motto = <!-- maps and coordinates ------> | image_map = Seoul Gwanak-gu.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Location o Gwanak-gu in [[Seoul]] | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_base_alt = | dot_map_alt = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = |dot_y = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = &nbsp; | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) --> | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> <!-- location ------------------> | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Sooth Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Leet o regions o Korea|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie|Sudogwon]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Direct-controlled municipality#Sooth Korea|Special Ceety]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Seoul]] | subdivision_type3 = Admeenistrative dong | subdivision_name3 = 21 <!-- established ---------------> | established_title = <!-- Settled --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = <!-- seat, smaller parts -------> | seat_type = <!-- defaults to: Seat --> | seat = <!-- government type, leaders --> | government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 --> <!-- display settings ---------> | total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> | unit_pref = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric --> <!-- area ----------------------> | area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink --> | area_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_total_km2 = 29.57 | area_total_sq_mi = <!-- see table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details --> | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_note = <!-- elevation -----------------> | elevation_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = <!-- population ----------------> | population_footnotes = | population_total = 520,849 | population_as_of = 2010<ref name="kosispop">[http://kosis.kr/abroad/abroad_01List.jsp?parentId=A Korean Statistical Information Service (Korean) > Population and Household > Census Result (2010) > Population by Administrative district, Sex and Age / Alien by Administrative district and Sex] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826055149/http://kosis.kr/abroad/abroad_01List.jsp?parentId=A |date=2013-08-26 }}, Retrieved 2010-06-02.</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi= | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_demonym = <!-- demonym, ie. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool --> | population_note = <!-- time zone(s) --------------> | timezone1 = [[Korea Staundart Time]] | utc_offset1 = +9 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = <!-- postal codes, area code ---> | postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> | postal_code = | area_code_type = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) --> | area_code = <!-- website, footnotes --------> | website = [http://www.gwanak.go.kr:8080/english/index.jsp Gwanak-gu offeecial wabsteid] | footnotes = }} '''Gwanak-gu''' is an [[admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea|admeenistrative subdiveesion]] (''gu'') o [[Seoul]], [[Sooth Korea]]. It lees on soothren skirt o Seoul, borderin Seoul an [[Anyang, Gyeonggi|Anyang]] o [[Gyeonggi-do|Gyeonggi Province]]. Craggy ridgeline o [[Gwanaksan]] (Mt. Gwanak), which dominates local geografie, borders twa. Oreeginally a pairt o [[Siheung]], [[Gyeonggi-do|Gyeonggi]], it wis transferred tae Seoul wi rapid expansion o the [[Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie|Naitional Caipital Aurie]] an its population growthe in 1960s. Pairtitioned frae [[Yeongdeungpo-gu]] an established as a destrict in 1973, it is nou neebourin [[Seocho-gu|Seocho]], [[Dongjak-gu|Dongjak]], [[Guro-gu, Seoul|Guro]] an [[Geumcheon-gu|Geumcheon]] Destricts, an exercises jurisdiction ower 21 [[admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea|neebourheid]]s (''dong'') an their population o 500,000. <!--==Overview== Gwanak District is densely populated with over 500,000 people. While it was once a rural area dominated by the presence of Gwanaksan (Mt. Gwanak), population booms in the late 1950s and early 1960s, accompanied by rapid industrialization of the [[Seoul National Capital Area|capital area]], quickly changed the town into a mosaic of dense residential and industrial area. Large slum quarters were formed by moved-in population from all over Korea who sought jobs in industrialized Seoul. A series of redevelopment projects from 1970s and the relocation of [[Seoul National University]] to the district led to a reduction of slum quarters and indigent textile industries and transformed the town into a residential uptown of Seoul. The area is also heavily populated by university students from provinces. ===Commercial zones=== Central commercial zones include the Seorim and Daehak area and the Cheongnyong area near [[Seoul National University]]. These areas also form a large zone of private dormitories and small houses, which primarily target university students and national examination takers (''gosi-saeng'') looking for an environment that is congenial to studying. Restaurants, supermarkets, bars and pubs in the area are centered in [[Nokdu Street]] (''Nokdu-geori'') in the Daehak area and near [[Seoul National University Station]]. Other commercial zones for residents are located along the Nambu Beltway and two main roads. The main shopping district, the Bongcheon Central Market (''Bongcheon-jungang-sijang''), is positioned in Jungang Neighbourhood, north from [[Seoul National University Station]]. ==Transportation== [[Nambu Beltway]], which circles [[Seoul]], passes through the very center of the district. The beltway and two main avenues, Gwanak Road (''Gwanak-ro'') and Sillim Road (''Sillim-ro''), make the main route of the automobile traffic. Nambu Beltway is connected to multiple express ways. ===Public transportation=== [[Seoul Subway Line 2|Green Line]] (Line 2) and [[Seoul Subway Line 4|Blue Line]] (Line 4) of [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway|Seoul Metro]] links Gwanak District and other areas. Many trunk (painted in blue) buses such as 501, 506, 651 and 750 lines, and branch (in green) buses in 5XXX or X5XX line passes Gwanak area.<ref>http://english.seoul.go.kr/residents/transport/trans_05bus_01.html</ref> ====Metro stations==== *[[Seoul Metro]] ([[Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation]]) **[[Seoul Subway Line 2|Green Line]] (Circle line) ***([[Dongjak-gu|Dongjak]]) ← [[Nakseongdae Station|Nakseongdae]] — [[Bongcheon Station|Bongcheon]] — [[Sillim Station|Sillim]] → ([[Dongjak-gu|Dongjak]]) **[[Seoul Subway Line 4|Blue Line]] ***([[Dongjak-gu|Dongjak]]) ← [[Sadang Station|Sadang]] → ([[Seocho-gu|Seocho]]) --> ==Admeenistrative diveesions== Thare are three '''statutory subdiveesions''': [[Sillim-dong|Sillim]], [[Bongcheon-dong|Bongcheon]] an [[Namhyeon-dong|Namhyeon]] Neighbourhood. Those are further dividit intae multiple '''admeenistrative neebourheids''' (''dong'') tae balance excessive populations an for admeenistrative expedience. As o September, 2008, thare are 21 admeenistrative neebourheids in Gwanak Destrict.<ref>http://www.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20080805012023#</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Statutory Neebourheid ! Admeenistrative Neebourheid ! [[Hangul]] ! [[Hanja]] |- | rowspan="11" |[[Sillim-dong|Sillim]] | Seowon | {{lang|ko|서원}} | {{lang|ko|書院}} |- | Sinwon | {{lang|ko|신원}} | {{lang|ko|新源}} |- | Seorim | {{lang|ko|서림}} | {{lang|ko|西林}} |- | Nangok | {{lang|ko|난곡}} | {{lang|ko|蘭谷}} |- | Sinsa | {{lang|ko|신사}} | {{lang|ko|新士}} |- | Sillim | {{lang|ko|신림}} | {{lang|ko|新林}} |- | Samseong | {{lang|ko|삼성}} | {{lang|ko|三聖}} |- | Nanhyang | {{lang|ko|난향}} | {{lang|ko|蘭香}} |- | Jowon | {{lang|ko|조원}} | {{lang|ko|棗園}} |- | Daehak | {{lang|ko|대학}} | {{lang|ko|大學}} |- | Miseong | {{lang|ko|미성}} | {{lang|ko|美星}} |- | rowspan="9" | [[Bongcheon-dong|Bongcheon]] | Euncheon | {{lang|ko|은천}} | {{lang|ko|殷川}} |- | Seonghyeon | {{lang|ko|성현}} | {{lang|ko|成賢}} |- | Cheongnyong <!-- Please DO NOT amend spelling to ''Cheongryong''. Read the note. 철자법을 수정하기 전에: 연음화 현상으로 발음이 /청뇽/이 되므로 로마자 전사 원칙에 따라 철자가 Cheongryong이 아닌 Cheongnyong이 됩니다. --> | {{lang|ko|청룡}} | {{lang|ko|靑龍}} |- | Boramae | {{lang|ko|보라매}} | ''No [[hanja]] notation'' |- | Cheongnim <!-- Please DO NOT amend spelling to ''Cheongrim''. Read the note. 철자법을 수정하기 전에: 연음화 현상으로 발음이 /청님/이 되므로 로마자 전사 원칙에 따라 철자가 Cheongrim이 아닌 Cheongnim이 됩니다. --> | {{lang|ko|청림}} | {{lang|ko|靑林}} |- | Haengun | {{lang|ko|행운}} | {{lang|ko|幸運}} |- | Nakseongdae | {{lang|ko|낙성대}} | {{lang|ko|落星垈}} |- | Jungang | {{lang|ko|중앙}} | {{lang|ko|中央}} |- | Inheon | {{lang|ko|인헌}} | {{lang|ko|仁憲}} |- | [[Namhyeon-dong|Namhyeon]] | Namhyeon | {{lang|ko|남현}} | {{lang|ko|南峴}} |} ==Points o interest== [[File:SNU_gate.jpg|thumb|[[Seoul National University]] main gate]] * [[Seoul Naitional Varsity]] ** [[Kyujanggak Archives]] ** [[Seoul Naitional Varsity Museum o Airt]] * [[Seoul Museum o Airt]], Sooth Branch (SeMA Nam-Seoul) ** Umwhile Belgian Consulate Biggin * [[Horim Museum]] ([http://www.horimmuseum.org/ Offeecial wabsteid]) * [[Nokdu Street]] * [[Nakseongdae]] ** Anguk Shrine * [[Gwanaksan]] (Mt. Gwanak) ** [[Gwaneumsa (Seoul)|Gwaneum-sa Buddhist Temple]] (in Gwanaksan Park) ==Sister ceeties== * {{flagicon|China}} [[Daxing Destrict|Daxing]], [[Beijing]], [[Cheenae]] * {{flagicon|China}} [[Shenyang#Destricts_an_zones|Tiexi, Shenyang]], [[Cheenae]] * {{flagicon|UK}} [[Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames|Royal Kingston]], [[Lunnon]], [[Unitit Kinrick]] * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Montgomery Coonty, Pennsylvanie]], [[Unitit States]] ==See an aw== * [[Gwanaksan]] * [[Seoul Naitional Varsity]] * [[Nokdu Street]] * [[Nakseongdae]] ==Freemit airtins== * [http://english.gwanak.go.kr/ Offeecial Inglis wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516012018/http://english.gwanak.go.kr/ |date=2013-05-16 }} ==References== {{Commons category|Gwanak-gu, Seoul}} {{reflist|2}} {{Seoul}} [[Category:Gwanak-gu| ]] [[Category:1973 establishments in Sooth Korea]] p1ioort0yeum96od7rvq5pg1wkf7sjy 828 75642 906504 730157 2025-07-10T19:32:07Z FireDragonValo 86297 Switched colors of the Canadian flag to the Pantone version as recommended by the government of Canada. 906504 Scribunto text/plain --[==[ This is the "C" list of portal image names. It contains a list of portal images for use with [[Module:Portal]] -- for portal names that start with the letter "C". For aliases to existing portal names, and for portal names that -- start with other letters, please use the appropriate page from the following list: -- [[Module:Portal/images/a]] - for portal names beginning with "A". -- [[Module:Portal/images/b]] - for portal names beginning with "B". -- [[Module:Portal/images/d]] - for portal names beginning with "D". -- [[Module:Portal/images/e]] - for portal names beginning with "E". -- [[Module:Portal/images/f]] - for portal names beginning with "F". -- [[Module:Portal/images/g]] - for portal names beginning with "G". -- [[Module:Portal/images/h]] - for portal names beginning with "H". -- [[Module:Portal/images/i]] - for portal names beginning with "I". -- [[Module:Portal/images/j]] - for portal names beginning with "J". -- [[Module:Portal/images/k]] - for portal names beginning with "K". -- [[Module:Portal/images/l]] - for portal names beginning with "L". -- [[Module:Portal/images/m]] - for portal names beginning with "M". -- [[Module:Portal/images/n]] - for portal names beginning with "N". -- [[Module:Portal/images/o]] - for portal names beginning with "O". -- [[Module:Portal/images/p]] - for portal names beginning with "P". -- [[Module:Portal/images/q]] - for portal names beginning with "Q". -- [[Module:Portal/images/r]] - for portal names beginning with "R". -- [[Module:Portal/images/s]] - for portal names beginning with "S". -- [[Module:Portal/images/t]] - for portal names beginning with "T". -- [[Module:Portal/images/u]] - for portal names beginning with "U". -- [[Module:Portal/images/v]] - for portal names beginning with "V". -- [[Module:Portal/images/w]] - for portal names beginning with "W". -- [[Module:Portal/images/x]] - for portal names beginning with "X". -- [[Module:Portal/images/y]] - for portal names beginning with "Y". -- [[Module:Portal/images/z]] - for portal names beginning with "Z". -- [[Module:Portal/images/other]] - for portal names beginning with any other letters. This includes numbers, -- letters with diacritics, and letters in non-Latin alphabets. -- [[Module:Portal/images/aliases]] - for adding aliases for existing portal names. Use this page for variations -- in spelling and diacritics, etc., no matter what letter the portal begins with. -- When adding entries, please use alphabetical order. The format of the images table entries is as follows: -- ["portal name"] = "image.svg", -- The portal name should be the name of your portal, in lower case. For example, the portal name for -- "Portal:United Kingdom" would be "united kingdom". The image name should be capitalised normally, and the "File:" -- namespace prefix should be -- omitted. ]==] return { ["cabo verde"] = "Flag of Cape Verde.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["cake"] = "Emojione 1F370.svg|link=|alt=", ["cakes"] = "Emojione 1F370.svg|link=|alt=", ["cairo"] = "Flag of Cairo.svg|alt=icon", ["cajun cuisine"] = "Crawfish dinner.jpg|link=|alt=", ["calgary"] = "Flag of Calgary, Alberta.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["california"] = "Flag of California.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["california central valley"] = "California Central Valley county map.svg|link=|alt=map", ["california delta"] = "California SD-03 (2011).svg|link=|alt=map", ["california roads"] = "California 1.svg|link=|alt=sign", ["california state highways"] = "California 1.svg|link=|alt=sign", ["california state polytechnic university, pomona"] = "Cal Poly logo.svg|link=|alt=logo", ["california state university"] = "Flag of California.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["calvinism"] = "Kreuz-hugenotten.svg|alt=icon", ["cambodia"] = "Flag of Cambodia.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["cameroon"] = "Flag of Cameroon.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["campeche"] = "Flag of Campeche.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["canada"] = "Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["canada/kawartha lakes"] = "Kawartha Lakes flag.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["canadian armed forces"] = "Canadian Forces emblem.svg|alt=icon", ["canadian communities"] = "Map Canada political-geo.png|link=|alt=", ["canadian cuisine"] = "Maple syrup.jpg|link=|alt=", ["canadian football"] = "Canadian football.png|alt=icon", ["canadian law"] = "Supreme Court of Canada.jpg|link=|alt=", ["canadian politics"] = "Can-vote-stub.svg|alt=icon", ["canadian territories"] = "Northern Canada.svg|alt=icon", ["canary islands"] = "Flag of the Canary Islands.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["candy"] = "Twemoji 1f36d.svg|link=|alt=", ["cannabis"] = "Cannabis leaf.svg|alt=icon", ["cape cod and the islands"] = "Nobska Lighthouse 1.jpg|alt=icon", ["cape verde"] = "Flag of Cape Verde.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["capsicum"] = "Large Cayenne.jpg|link=|alt=", ["capital district"] = "Empire State Plaza symbol 2.svg|link=|alt=", ["capitalism"] = "Capitalismlogo.svg|alt=icon", ["caracas"] = "Flag of Caracas.svg|alt=icon", ["cardiff"] = "Flag of Cardiff.svg|alt=icon", ["caribbean"] = "Relief Map of Caribbean.png|link=|alt=map", ["caribbean community"] = "Flag of CARICOM.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["carnivorous plants"] = "Digested fly.JPG|link=|alt=photo", ["cars"] = "Sportcar sergio luiz ara 01.svg|link=|alt=", ["cartoon network"] = "Cartoon Network.svg|border|link=|alt=", ["cartoon"] = "Mad scientist.svg|alt=icon", ["catalan-speaking countries"] = "Siñal d'Aragón.svg|border|alt=icon", ["catholic church"] = "046CupolaSPietro.jpg|border|alt=icon", ["catholicism"] = "046CupolaSPietro.jpg|border|alt=icon", ["cats"] = "Cat03.jpg|alt=icon", ["cayman islands"] = "Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", 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Curaçao.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["cucurbita"] = "Pumpkin 252 - Evan Swigart.jpg|link=|alt=", ["cue sports"] = "Eight Ball Rack 2005 SeanMcClean.jpg|link=|alt=", ["current events"] = "Ambox globe.svg|link=|alt=", ["current events/turkey"] = "Wikinews-logo.png|link=|alt=", ["cycling"] = "Cycling (road) pictogram.svg|link=|alt=", ["cyprus"] = "Flag of Cyprus.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["czech republic"] = "Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["czechia"] = "Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|border|link=|alt=flag", ["czechoslovakia"] = "Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|border|link=|alt=flag" } 2rmzmx0e7fk92xjgito7t2pp3u93e5o 0 78755 906534 895205 2025-07-11T11:40:42Z Famous Jack K 119094 906534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kanye West | image = Kanye West at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival.jpg | caption = Kanye West in 2009 | birth_name = Kanye Omari West | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|6|8}} | birth_place = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]], U.S. | origin = [[Chicago Illinois]], U.S. | residence = [[Hidden Hills, Californie]], U.S. | alma_mater = <!--Only higher education; not used when it is misleading about the subject's attendance/graduation.--> | occupation = {{flatlist| * Rapper * sangster * sangwriter * record producer * fashion designer }} | years_active = 1996–present | title = Doctor ([[Honorary doctorate|honorary]]) | net_worth = [[United States Dollar|US$]]145 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gobankingrates.com/net-worth/kanye-west-net-worth/|title=Kanye West Net Worth: Is the Rapper Still in Debt as He and Kim Welcome 3rd Baby?|date=January 13, 2018|publisher=}}</ref> (2018) | other_names = {{flatlist| * Yeezy * Ye }} | education = <!--Use alma mater.--> [[School of the Art Institute of Chicago]]<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/32700848/kanye-west-gets-honorary-doctorate-degree-in-chicago</ref> | home_town = [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]], U.S. | spouse = {{marriage|[[Kim Kardashian]]|May 24, 2014}} | children = 4 | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Kanye West|List of awards and nominations]] | website = {{url|kanyewest.com}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = solo_singer | instrument = {{flatlist|<!-- only list those primarily known for using, per [[Template:Infobox_musical_artist/doc#instrument]]--> * [[Vocals]] * [[sampler (muisical instrument)|sampler]] }} | genre = [[Hip hop muisic|Hip hop]] | label = {{flatlist| * [[GOOD Music|GOOD]] * [[Roc-A-Fella Records|Roc-A-Fella]] * [[Roc Nation]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cummings|first1=Moriba|title=Did Kanye West Leave Roc Nation?|url=https://www.bet.com/news/music/2015/05/07/kanye-west-roc-nation-split-rumor.html|website=bet.com|accessdate=May 7, 2015|archive-date=2018-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629132633/https://www.bet.com/news/music/2015/05/07/kanye-west-roc-nation-split-rumor.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]] }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Child Rebel Soldier]] * [[Kids See Ghosts]]<!--Don't list Kid Cudi twice.--> * [[Sunday Service Choir]] * [[Big Sean]] * [[Common (rapper)|Common]] * [[Consequence (rapper)|Consequence]] * [[Jay-Z]] * [[John Legend]] * [[Mike Dean (record producer)|Mike Dean]] * [[No I.D.]] * [[Pusha T]] * [[Rihanna]] * [[Ty Dolla Sign]] * [[Chief Keef]] * [[Jamie Foxx]] * [[GLC (rapper)|GLC]] * [[88-Keys]] * [[Tyga]] * [[Dwele]] * [[Mos Def]] * [[Rhymefest]] * [[The Twilite Tone]] * [[Chance the Rapper]] * [[Justin Vernon]] * [[Saint Jhn]] * [[Twista]] * [[Cyhi the Prynce]] * [[Bon Iver]] * [[Raekwon]] * [[Malik Yusef]] * [[Evian Christ]] * [[Game (rapper)|The Game]] * [[Benny Cassette]] * [[Sinjin Hawke]] }} }} }} '''Kanye Omari West''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɑː|n|j|eɪ}}; born Juin 8, 1977) is an American [[rapper]], [[sangster]], [[sangwriter]], [[record producer]], [[Entrepreneurship|entrepreneur]] an [[fashion design]]er. == Albums == * ''The College Dropout'' (2004) * ''Late Registration'' (2005) * ''Graduation'' (2007) * ''808s & Heartbreak'' (2008) * ''My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy'' (2010) * ''Watch the Throne'' (with Jay-Z) (2011) * ''Yeezus'' (2013) * ''The Life of Pablo'' (2016) * ''Ye'' (2018) * ''Kids See Ghosts'' (with Kid Cudi) (2018) * ''Jesus Is King'' (2019) * ''Donda'' (2021) * ''Vultures 1'' (with Ty Dolla Sign) (2024) ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{offeecial wabsteid|https://www.kanyewest.com/}} * {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p353484|label=Kanye West}} * {{IMDb name|id=1577190|name=Kanye West}} * {{MusicBrainz artist}} * {{Twitter|kanyewest}} <!-- exception to WP:ELOFFICIAL per prose --> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:West, Kanye}} [[Category:Kanye West| ]] [[Category:1977 births]] [[Category:20t-century American muisickers]] [[Category:21st-century American sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century American businessfowk]] [[Category:African-American businessfowk]] [[Category:American businessfowk]] [[Category:African-American Christians]] [[Category:African-American fashion designers]] [[Category:American fashion designers]] [[Category:African-American film directors]] [[Category:African-American investors]] [[Category:American investors]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American record producers]] [[Category:Alternative hip hop muisickers]] [[Category:American fashion businessfowk]] [[Category:American fuid industry business executives]] [[Category:American hip hop record producers]] [[Category:American hip hop sangsters]] [[Category:American muisic industry executives]] [[Category:American muisic publishers (fowk)]] [[Category:American muisic video directors]] [[Category:American philanthropists]] [[Category:American restaurateurs]] [[Category:Brit Award winners]] [[Category:NME Awards winners]] [[Category:Businessfowk frae Chicago]] [[Category:Chicago State Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Def Jam Recordings airtists]] [[Category:Film directors frae Illinois]] [[Category:GOOD Music airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Hip hop activists]] [[Category:Kardashian faimily]] [[Category:Kim Kardashian]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Midwest hip hop muisickers]] [[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]] [[Category:Rappers frae Chicago]] [[Category:Roc-A-Fella Records airtists]] [[Category:Shoe designers]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Illinois]] [[Category:World Music Awards winners]] [[Category:Record producers frae Illinois]] [[Category:Unitit States presidential candidates, 2020]] [[Category:Rappers frae Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Rappers frae Atlanta]] o33jsuc6mc0ykt7eghqhzg33u7gqxt3 906535 906534 2025-07-11T11:42:23Z Famous Jack K 119094 As mentioned 906535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kanye West | image = Kanye West at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival.jpg | caption = Kanye West in 2009 | birth_name = Kanye Omari West | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|6|8}} | birth_place = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]], U.S. | origin = [[Chicago Illinois]], U.S. | residence = [[Hidden Hills, Californie]], U.S. | alma_mater = <!--Only higher education; not used when it is misleading about the subject's attendance/graduation.--> | occupation = {{flatlist| * Rapper * sangster * sangwriter * record producer * entrepreneur * fashion designer }} | years_active = 1996–present | title = Doctor ([[Honorary doctorate|honorary]]) | net_worth = [[United States Dollar|US$]]145 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gobankingrates.com/net-worth/kanye-west-net-worth/|title=Kanye West Net Worth: Is the Rapper Still in Debt as He and Kim Welcome 3rd Baby?|date=January 13, 2018|publisher=}}</ref> (2018) | other_names = {{flatlist| * Yeezy * Ye }} | education = <!--Use alma mater.--> [[School of the Art Institute of Chicago]]<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/32700848/kanye-west-gets-honorary-doctorate-degree-in-chicago</ref> | home_town = [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]], U.S. | spouse = {{marriage|[[Kim Kardashian]]|May 24, 2014}} | children = 4 | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Kanye West|List of awards and nominations]] | website = {{url|kanyewest.com}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = solo_singer | instrument = {{flatlist|<!-- only list those primarily known for using, per [[Template:Infobox_musical_artist/doc#instrument]]--> * [[Vocals]] * [[sampler (muisical instrument)|sampler]] }} | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Hip hop muisic|Hip hop]] * [[pop music|pop]] * [[gospel muisic|gospel]] }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[GOOD Music|GOOD]] * [[Roc-A-Fella Records|Roc-A-Fella]] * [[Roc Nation]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cummings|first1=Moriba|title=Did Kanye West Leave Roc Nation?|url=https://www.bet.com/news/music/2015/05/07/kanye-west-roc-nation-split-rumor.html|website=bet.com|accessdate=May 7, 2015|archive-date=2018-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629132633/https://www.bet.com/news/music/2015/05/07/kanye-west-roc-nation-split-rumor.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]] }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Child Rebel Soldier]] * [[Kids See Ghosts]]<!--Don't list Kid Cudi twice.--> * [[Sunday Service Choir]] * [[Big Sean]] * [[Common (rapper)|Common]] * [[Consequence (rapper)|Consequence]] * [[Jay-Z]] * [[John Legend]] * [[Mike Dean (record producer)|Mike Dean]] * [[No I.D.]] * [[Pusha T]] * [[Rihanna]] * [[Ty Dolla Sign]] * [[Chief Keef]] * [[Jamie Foxx]] * [[GLC (rapper)|GLC]] * [[88-Keys]] * [[Tyga]] * [[Dwele]] * [[Mos Def]] * [[Rhymefest]] * [[The Twilite Tone]] * [[Chance the Rapper]] * [[Justin Vernon]] * [[Saint Jhn]] * [[Twista]] * [[Cyhi the Prynce]] * [[Bon Iver]] * [[Raekwon]] * [[Malik Yusef]] * [[Evian Christ]] * [[Game (rapper)|The Game]] * [[Benny Cassette]] * [[Sinjin Hawke]] }} }} }} '''Kanye Omari West''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɑː|n|j|eɪ}}; born Juin 8, 1977) is an American [[rapper]], [[sangster]], [[sangwriter]], [[record producer]], [[Entrepreneurship|entrepreneur]] an [[fashion design]]er. == Albums == * ''The College Dropout'' (2004) * ''Late Registration'' (2005) * ''Graduation'' (2007) * ''808s & Heartbreak'' (2008) * ''My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy'' (2010) * ''Watch the Throne'' (with Jay-Z) (2011) * ''Yeezus'' (2013) * ''The Life of Pablo'' (2016) * ''Ye'' (2018) * ''Kids See Ghosts'' (with Kid Cudi) (2018) * ''Jesus Is King'' (2019) * ''Donda'' (2021) * ''Vultures 1'' (with Ty Dolla Sign) (2024) ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{offeecial wabsteid|https://www.kanyewest.com/}} * {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p353484|label=Kanye West}} * {{IMDb name|id=1577190|name=Kanye West}} * {{MusicBrainz artist}} * {{Twitter|kanyewest}} <!-- exception to WP:ELOFFICIAL per prose --> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:West, Kanye}} [[Category:Kanye West| ]] [[Category:1977 births]] [[Category:20t-century American muisickers]] [[Category:21st-century American sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century American businessfowk]] [[Category:African-American businessfowk]] [[Category:American businessfowk]] [[Category:African-American Christians]] [[Category:African-American fashion designers]] [[Category:American fashion designers]] [[Category:African-American film directors]] [[Category:African-American investors]] [[Category:American investors]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American record producers]] [[Category:Alternative hip hop muisickers]] [[Category:American fashion businessfowk]] [[Category:American fuid industry business executives]] [[Category:American hip hop record producers]] [[Category:American hip hop sangsters]] [[Category:American muisic industry executives]] [[Category:American muisic publishers (fowk)]] [[Category:American muisic video directors]] [[Category:American philanthropists]] [[Category:American restaurateurs]] [[Category:Brit Award winners]] [[Category:NME Awards winners]] [[Category:Businessfowk frae Chicago]] [[Category:Chicago State Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Def Jam Recordings airtists]] [[Category:Film directors frae Illinois]] [[Category:GOOD Music airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Hip hop activists]] [[Category:Kardashian faimily]] [[Category:Kim Kardashian]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Midwest hip hop muisickers]] [[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]] [[Category:Rappers frae Chicago]] [[Category:Roc-A-Fella Records airtists]] [[Category:Shoe designers]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Illinois]] [[Category:World Music Awards winners]] [[Category:Record producers frae Illinois]] [[Category:Unitit States presidential candidates, 2020]] [[Category:Rappers frae Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Rappers frae Atlanta]] n3najpo4ce0trs77ueflppanxja4p9i 0 82280 906525 901522 2025-07-10T23:38:39Z 74.14.144.255 906525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Korean name|Joo}} {{Infobox musical artist | name = Brian Joo | image = Brian Joo.jpg | image_size = | caption = | background = solo_singer | alias = Brian G. Joo,<br />Brian Minkyu Joo,<br />Joo Min-kyoo (주민규) | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1981|01|10}} | birth_place = [[New Jersey]], U.S. | origin = [[Absecon, New Jersey]], U.S. | genre = [[Contemporar R&B|R&B]], [[Pop muisic|pop]], [[Soul muisic|soul]], [[Gospel muisic|gospel]], [[Contemporary Christian muisic|CCM]], [[K-pop]] | occupation = Sangster, sangwriter, TV host, actor, record producer, composer | instrument = [[Singin|Vocals]], [[piano]], [[keybuird instrument|keybuirds]], [[drums]] | years_active = 1999 – present | label = BYOU Entertainment <br />(2013 - present)<br />Jellyfish Entertainment<ref>http://www.etoday.co.kr/news/section/newsview.php?TM=news&SM=5102&idxno=375877 {{ko icon}}</ref><br />(2010–2012),<br />[[PFull Entertainment]]<br />(2004–2010),<br />[[SM Entertainment]]<br />(1999–2004) | associated_acts = [[Jade Villalon]],<br />[[SM Town]],<br />[[IAMMEDIC]],<br />[[Hwanhee]],<br />[[Fly to the Sky]] | website = {{URL|http://www.brianjoomusic.com}} }} {{Infobox Korean name | color = khaki | hangul = 브라이언 주 | rr = Beuraieon Ju | mr = Bŭraiŏn Ju | othername1 = American name | hangul1 = 브라이언 민규 주 | rr1 = Beuraieon Mingyu Ju | mr1 = Bŭraiŏn Minkyu Ju | othername2 = Korean name | hangul2 = 주민규 | hanja2 = {{linktext|朱|珉|奎}} | rr2 = Ju Min-gyu | mr2 = Chu Min-kyu }} '''Brian Joo''' ({{ko-hhrm|브라이언 주}}; born January 10, 1981), better known as simply '''Brian''', is a American [[R&B]] an [[K-pop]] recordin airtist who is based in the Unitit States an [[Sooth Korea]]. He is kent as ane-hauf o the R&B duo [[Fly to the Sky]]. He haed twa birth names: as Brian Gintaek Joo for American, an Joo Jin-taek ({{ko-hhrm|주진택}}) for Korean. Later, he chyngit baith o his real names tae Brian Minkyu Joo for American an Joo Min-kyoo ({{ko-hhrm|주민규}}) for Korean.<ref>SBS TV ''[[Family Outing]]'' [http://wizard2.sbs.co.kr/w3/template/tp1_review_detail.jsp?vVodId=V0000330171&vProgId=1000425&vMenuId=1007762&cpage=57&vVodCnt1=00034&vVodCnt2=00 the 2nd episode], and the [[Video clip|video clips]] [http://tv.sbs.co.kr/vod_hub.jsp?co=nhn&type=ucc&content_id=10000375015 A] & [http://tv.sbs.co.kr/vod_hub.jsp?co=nhn&type=ucc&content_id=10000376016 B] at [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] official website.</ref> ==Muisical theater (2012)== In 2012, Joo performed as a principal cast member representin the Korean cultur in Luvin the Silent Tears, a Broadway-style,at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, USA, to commemorate the 19t Anniversary of Supreme Master Ching Hai Day. The muisical, based on ''[[Supreme Master Ching Hai]]''’s poetry collection, Silent Tears.<ref>http://broadwayworld.com/article/Liz-Callaway-Debbie-Gravitte-Jon-Secada-and-More-Set-for-LOVING-THE-SILENT-TEARS-in-LA-1027-20120808#sthash.XlzDBxZl.dpbs</ref><ref>[http://www.silenttearsmusical.com Loving the Silent Tears website]</ref> == Discografie == === Fly to the Sky === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Chairt poseetions<br /> |- | 1999 | ''[[:en:Day by Day (Fly to the Sky album)|Day by Day]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 6 |- | 2001 | ''[[:en:The Promise (Fly to the Sky album)|The Promise]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 2 |- | 2002 | ''[[:en:Sea of Love (album)|Sea of Love]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 2 |- | 2003 | ''[[:en:Missing You (Fly to the Sky album)|Missing You]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 2 |- | 2004 | ''[[:en:Gravity (Fly to the Sky album)|Gravity]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 5 |- | 2006 | ''[[:en:Transition (Fly to the Sky album)|Transition]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 3 |- | 2007 | ''[[No Limitations]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 1 |- | 2009 | ''[[:en:Decennium (album)|Decennium]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 1 |} === Solo album === {{Infobox Discography | Name = Volume 1 - [[The Brian]] | Cover = | Released = 20 Dizember 2006 | Label = [[PFull Entertainment]] | Type = studio album | ChartPosition = | Sales = | Certification = | Tracks = 12 <br /> # 일 년을 겨울에 살아(Living One Year in Winter) # 가지마 (Don't Go) # First Date # 사랑하지 않으니까요(Because I Don't Love You) # 닮아 가기(Becoming Similar) # 하지 말라고 # 신사(Gentleman) # 검은 눈물(Black Tear) # 눈물 속으로(Into the Tears) # 바래! 바래! (I Want! I Want!) (feat. 윤동훈 Trepass) # All I know # 바래! 바래! (I Want! I Want!) (Remix) }} {{Infobox Discography | Name = Volume 2 - Manifold | Cover = | Released = 10 Dizember 2009 | Label = On Point Entertainment/[[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony Music Korea]]<ref>http://www.sonymusic.co.kr/music/album.asp?albumid=103434 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214093159/http://www.sonymusic.co.kr/music/album.asp?albumid=103434 |date=2009-12-14 }}</ref> | Type = studio album | ChartPosition = | Sales = | Certification = | Tracks = 13 <br /> # Dreaming # 내 여자 (My Girl) (feat. [[:en:Supreme Team (band)|Supreme Team]]) # One Step # Erase # Tell Me Baby (feat. Day Day o [[:en:Dalmatian (band)|Dalmatian]]) # Lock Me Up # Bullet # Move It # 친구의 여자를 사랑했네 (A Friend's Girl I Loved) (feat. [[Tablo]] & [[Mithra Jin]]) # 눈물이 마르면... (Tears Run Dry) # Do It (Move It English Ver.) # Tears Run Dry (눈물이 마르면... English Ver.) # Bullet (English Ver.) }} {{Infobox Discography | Name = UNVEILED | Cover = | Released = 7 Apryle 2011 | Label = Jellyfish Entertainment | Type = studio album | ChartPosition = | Sales = | Certification = | Tracks = 7 <br /> # 눈물의 구성요소 # '''Loved, It's Now Over''' # 나도 약속이 있었으면 좋겠다 # 24 # Song 4 U # Domino (English Version) # Loved, It's Now Over (English Version) # 사랑하다 끝났어 [Instrument] # Shine. (On Your Heart_ 단편영화 "출발" OST) (Physical Only) [Bonus Track] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koreaboo.com/index.html/_/comeback/brian-joo-unveiled-tracklist-comeba-r5163 |title=Brian Joo "Unveiled" tracklist + comeback dates |publisher=Koreaboo.com |date=2011-04-04 |accessdate=2012-06-08 |archive-date=2014-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421173708/http://www.koreaboo.com/index.html/_/comeback/brian-joo-unveiled-tracklist-comeba-r5163 |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} {{Infobox Discography | Name = Reborn Part 1 | Cover = | Released = 26 Januar 2012 | Label = Jellyfish Entertainment <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yesasia.com/global/brian-mini-album-reborn-part-1/1030274921-0-0-0-en/info.html |title=Brian Mini Album - ReBorn Part 1 CD - Brian Joo (Fly to the Sky), CJ E&M - Korean Music - Free Shipping |publisher=Yesasia |date= |accessdate=2012-06-08 |archive-date=2012-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129040433/http://www.yesasia.com/global/brian-mini-album-reborn-part-1/1030274921-0-0-0-en/info.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Type = studio album | ChartPosition = | Sales = | Certification = | Tracks = 7 <br /> # Neo Ttawin Beorigo (feat. Tiger JK) (너 따윈 버리고; Let This Die) # Can't Stop (feat. [[Jay Park]], Beenzino) # Don't Tell Me I'm Wrong (Duet With Jade Valerie) # Let This Die (Extended Eng Ver.) (feat. Flowsik) # Can't Stop (Eng Ver.) (feat. [[Jay Park]], Dumbfoundead) # Domino (Acoustic Ver.) # Neo Ttawin Beorigo (inst.) }} ==TV shows== * 2008 ''[[List of Family Outing episodes|Family Outing]]'' (Guest ep 3 & 4) - [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] * 2011 "[[Strong Heart (TV series)|Strong Heart]]" (Guest) * 2011 Oh My School / 100 Pynts Oot Of 100 (Guest ep 21) - [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]] * 2013 Barefoot Friends (Guest ep 26) - [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.brianjoomusic.com Brian Joo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216223153/http://brianjoomusic.com/ |date=2014-12-16 }} - Offeecial Wabsteid * {{Twitter|brianjoomuzik|Brian Joo}} * {{Twitter|brianjoo_japan|Brian Joo}} {{ja icon}} === His agency & record label wabsteids === * [http://www.brosent.com Brothers Entertainment] - Offeecial Wabsteid (company that discovered Brian) * [http://www.smtown.com SM Entertainment] - Offeecial Wabsteid (1999–2004) {{ko icon}} * [http://flytothesky.pfull.com PFull Entertainment] - Offeecial Wabsteid (2004–2010) {{ko icon}} * [http://www.jelly-fish.co.kr Jellyfish Entertainment] - Offeecial Wabsteid (2010–present) {{ko icon}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Joo, Brian}} [[Category:1981 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:SM Town]] [[Category:Sooth Korean pop sangsters]] [[Category:Sooth Korean rhythm an blues sangsters]] [[Category:Sooth Korean male sangsters]] [[Category:Sooth Korean televeesion presenters]] [[Category:Sooth Korean televeesion personalities]] [[Category:Dongguk Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Rutgers Varsity alumni]] [[Category:American fowk o Korean strynd]] [[Category:Muisickers frae New Jersey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Absecon, New Jersey]] [[Category:Fly to the Sky members]] anf3t67dmnkl90dzjlgn868qxf6fi7n 906527 906525 2025-07-11T00:58:38Z CiphriusKane 74958 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/906525|906525]] bi [[Special:Contributions/74.14.144.255|74.14.144.255]] ([[User talk:74.14.144.255|Tauk]]) 906527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Korean name|Joo}} {{Infobox musical artist | name = Brian Joo | image = Brian Joo.jpg | image_size = | caption = | background = solo_singer | alias = Brian G. Joo,<br />Brian Minkyu Joo,<br />Joo Min-kyoo (주민규) | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1981|01|10}} | birth_place = [[New Jersey]], U.S. | origin = [[Absecon, New Jersey]], U.S. | genre = [[Contemporar R&B|R&B]], [[Pop muisic|pop]], [[Soul muisic|soul]], [[Gospel muisic|gospel]], [[Contemporary Christian muisic|CCM]], [[K-pop]] | occupation = Sangster, sangwriter, TV host, actor, record producer, composer | instrument = [[Singin|Vocals]], [[piano]], [[keybuird instrument|keybuirds]], [[drums]] | years_active = 1999 – present | label = BYOU Entertainment <br />(2013 - present)<br />Jellyfish Entertainment<ref>http://www.etoday.co.kr/news/section/newsview.php?TM=news&SM=5102&idxno=375877 {{ko icon}}</ref><br />(2010–2012),<br />[[PFull Entertainment]]<br />(2004–2010),<br />[[SM Entertainment]]<br />(1999–2004) | associated_acts = [[Jade Villalon]],<br />[[SM Town]],<br />[[IAMMEDIC]],<br />[[Hwanhee]],<br />[[Fly to the Sky]] | website = {{URL|http://www.brianjoomusic.com}} }} {{Infobox Korean name | color = khaki | hangul = 브라이언 주 | rr = Beuraieon Ju | mr = Bŭraiŏn Ju | othername1 = American name | hangul1 = 브라이언 민규 주 | rr1 = Beuraieon Mingyu Ju | mr1 = Bŭraiŏn Minkyu Ju | othername2 = Korean name | hangul2 = 주민규 | hanja2 = {{linktext|朱|珉|奎}} | rr2 = Ju Min-gyu | mr2 = Chu Min-kyu }} '''Brian Joo''' ({{ko-hhrm|브라이언 주}}; born Januar 10, 1981), better kent as simply '''Brian''', is a American [[R&B]] an [[K-pop]] recordin airtist who is based in the Unitit States an [[Sooth Korea]]. He is kent as ane-hauf o the R&B duo [[Fly to the Sky]]. He haed twa birth names: as Brian Gintaek Joo for American, an Joo Jin-taek ({{ko-hhrm|주진택}}) for Korean. Later, he chyngit baith o his real names tae Brian Minkyu Joo for American an Joo Min-kyoo ({{ko-hhrm|주민규}}) for Korean.<ref>SBS TV ''[[Family Outing]]'' [http://wizard2.sbs.co.kr/w3/template/tp1_review_detail.jsp?vVodId=V0000330171&vProgId=1000425&vMenuId=1007762&cpage=57&vVodCnt1=00034&vVodCnt2=00 the 2nd episode], and the [[video clip]]s [http://tv.sbs.co.kr/vod_hub.jsp?co=nhn&type=ucc&content_id=10000375015 A] & [http://tv.sbs.co.kr/vod_hub.jsp?co=nhn&type=ucc&content_id=10000376016 B] at [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] official website.</ref> ==Muisical theater (2012)== In 2012, Joo performed as a principal cast member representin the Korean cultur in Luvin the Silent Tears, a Broadway-style,at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, USA, to commemorate the 19t Anniversary of Supreme Master Ching Hai Day. The muisical, based on ''[[Supreme Master Ching Hai]]''’s poetry collection, Silent Tears.<ref>http://broadwayworld.com/article/Liz-Callaway-Debbie-Gravitte-Jon-Secada-and-More-Set-for-LOVING-THE-SILENT-TEARS-in-LA-1027-20120808#sthash.XlzDBxZl.dpbs</ref><ref>[http://www.silenttearsmusical.com Loving the Silent Tears website]</ref> == Discografie == === Fly to the Sky === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Chairt poseetions<br /> |- | 1999 | ''[[:en:Day by Day (Fly to the Sky album)|Day by Day]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 6 |- | 2001 | ''[[:en:The Promise (Fly to the Sky album)|The Promise]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 2 |- | 2002 | ''[[:en:Sea of Love (album)|Sea of Love]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 2 |- | 2003 | ''[[:en:Missing You (Fly to the Sky album)|Missing You]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 2 |- | 2004 | ''[[:en:Gravity (Fly to the Sky album)|Gravity]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 5 |- | 2006 | ''[[:en:Transition (Fly to the Sky album)|Transition]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 3 |- | 2007 | ''[[No Limitations]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 1 |- | 2009 | ''[[:en:Decennium (album)|Decennium]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| 1 |} === Solo album === {{Infobox Discography | Name = Volume 1 - [[The Brian]] | Cover = | Released = 20 Dizember 2006 | Label = [[PFull Entertainment]] | Type = studio album | ChartPosition = | Sales = | Certification = | Tracks = 12 <br /> # 일 년을 겨울에 살아(Living One Year in Winter) # 가지마 (Don't Go) # First Date # 사랑하지 않으니까요(Because I Don't Love You) # 닮아 가기(Becoming Similar) # 하지 말라고 # 신사(Gentleman) # 검은 눈물(Black Tear) # 눈물 속으로(Into the Tears) # 바래! 바래! (I Want! I Want!) (feat. 윤동훈 Trepass) # All I know # 바래! 바래! (I Want! I Want!) (Remix) }} {{Infobox Discography | Name = Volume 2 - Manifold | Cover = | Released = 10 Dizember 2009 | Label = On Point Entertainment/[[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony Music Korea]]<ref>http://www.sonymusic.co.kr/music/album.asp?albumid=103434 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214093159/http://www.sonymusic.co.kr/music/album.asp?albumid=103434 |date=2009-12-14 }}</ref> | Type = studio album | ChartPosition = | Sales = | Certification = | Tracks = 13 <br /> # Dreaming # 내 여자 (My Girl) (feat. [[:en:Supreme Team (band)|Supreme Team]]) # One Step # Erase # Tell Me Baby (feat. Day Day o [[:en:Dalmatian (band)|Dalmatian]]) # Lock Me Up # Bullet # Move It # 친구의 여자를 사랑했네 (A Friend's Girl I Loved) (feat. [[Tablo]] & [[Mithra Jin]]) # 눈물이 마르면... (Tears Run Dry) # Do It (Move It English Ver.) # Tears Run Dry (눈물이 마르면... English Ver.) # Bullet (English Ver.) }} {{Infobox Discography | Name = UNVEILED | Cover = | Released = 7 Apryle 2011 | Label = Jellyfish Entertainment | Type = studio album | ChartPosition = | Sales = | Certification = | Tracks = 7 <br /> # 눈물의 구성요소 # '''Loved, It's Now Over''' # 나도 약속이 있었으면 좋겠다 # 24 # Song 4 U # Domino (English Version) # Loved, It's Now Over (English Version) # 사랑하다 끝났어 [Instrument] # Shine. (On Your Heart_ 단편영화 "출발" OST) (Physical Only) [Bonus Track] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koreaboo.com/index.html/_/comeback/brian-joo-unveiled-tracklist-comeba-r5163 |title=Brian Joo "Unveiled" tracklist + comeback dates |publisher=Koreaboo.com |date=2011-04-04 |accessdate=2012-06-08 |archive-date=2014-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421173708/http://www.koreaboo.com/index.html/_/comeback/brian-joo-unveiled-tracklist-comeba-r5163 |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} {{Infobox Discography | Name = Reborn Part 1 | Cover = | Released = 26 Januar 2012 | Label = Jellyfish Entertainment <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yesasia.com/global/brian-mini-album-reborn-part-1/1030274921-0-0-0-en/info.html |title=Brian Mini Album - ReBorn Part 1 CD - Brian Joo (Fly to the Sky), CJ E&M - Korean Music - Free Shipping |publisher=Yesasia |date= |accessdate=2012-06-08 |archive-date=2012-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129040433/http://www.yesasia.com/global/brian-mini-album-reborn-part-1/1030274921-0-0-0-en/info.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Type = studio album | ChartPosition = | Sales = | Certification = | Tracks = 7 <br /> # Neo Ttawin Beorigo (feat. Tiger JK) (너 따윈 버리고; Let This Die) # Can't Stop (feat. [[Jay Park]], Beenzino) # Don't Tell Me I'm Wrong (Duet With Jade Valerie) # Let This Die (Extended Eng Ver.) (feat. Flowsik) # Can't Stop (Eng Ver.) (feat. [[Jay Park]], Dumbfoundead) # Domino (Acoustic Ver.) # Neo Ttawin Beorigo (inst.) }} ==TV shows== * 2008 ''[[List of Family Outing episodes|Family Outing]]'' (Guest ep 3 & 4) - [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] * 2011 "[[Strong Heart (TV series)|Strong Heart]]" (Guest) * 2011 Oh My School / 100 Pynts Oot Of 100 (Guest ep 21) - [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]] * 2013 Barefoot Friends (Guest ep 26) - [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.brianjoomusic.com Brian Joo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216223153/http://brianjoomusic.com/ |date=2014-12-16 }} - Offeecial Wabsteid * {{Twitter|brianjoomuzik|Brian Joo}} * {{Twitter|brianjoo_japan|Brian Joo}} {{ja icon}} === His agency & record label wabsteids === * [http://www.brosent.com Brothers Entertainment] - Offeecial Wabsteid (company that discovered Brian) * [http://www.smtown.com SM Entertainment] - Offeecial Wabsteid (1999–2004) {{ko icon}} * [http://flytothesky.pfull.com PFull Entertainment] - Offeecial Wabsteid (2004–2010) {{ko icon}} * [http://www.jelly-fish.co.kr Jellyfish Entertainment] - Offeecial Wabsteid (2010–present) {{ko icon}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Joo, Brian}} [[Category:1981 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:SM Town]] [[Category:Sooth Korean pop sangsters]] [[Category:Sooth Korean rhythm an blues sangsters]] [[Category:Sooth Korean male sangsters]] [[Category:Sooth Korean televeesion presenters]] [[Category:Sooth Korean televeesion personalities]] [[Category:Dongguk Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Rutgers Varsity alumni]] [[Category:American fowk o Korean strynd]] [[Category:Muisickers frae New Jersey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Absecon, New Jersey]] [[Category:Fly to the Sky members]] euzu5vubfp13b92kpyjwl1ij7ssxzsn 0 84749 906505 906477 2025-07-10T19:52:51Z Atlantic306 30244 not mentioned in the english wikipedia Undae revision [[Special:Diff/906477|906477]] bi [[Special:Contributions/2806:265:3496:84F0:BAE2:4135:B01A:B81D|2806:265:3496:84F0:BAE2:4135:B01A:B81D]] ([[User talk:2806:265:3496:84F0:BAE2:4135:B01A:B81D|Tauk]]) 906505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Tlapa de Comonfort | nickname = Tlapa | motto = | image_skyline = | image_flag = | image_seal = Tlapagro.jpg |pushpin_map = Mexico |pushpin_mapsize =300 | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Mexico|State]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Municipalities o Guerrero|Municipality]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Mexico}} | subdivision_name1 = [[Guerrero]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Tlapa de Comonfort (municipality)|Tlapa de Comonfort]] | established_title = Foondit | established_date = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | government_type = | leader_title = Presidente Municipal | leader_name = Martimiano Benítez Lorenzo | area_magnitude = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_urban_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | population_as_of=2005 | population_footnotes = <br>(municipal seat v. municipality) | population_total = | population_urban = 37975 | population_metro = 57346 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[Central Time Zone|CST]] | utc_offset = -6 | timezone_DST = [[Central Daylicht Time|CDT]] | utc_offset_DST = -5 | coordinates = {{coord|17|32|46|N|98|34|35|W|region:MX-GRO|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes= | elevation_ft = | elevation_m = 1100 | website = | footnotes = }} '''Tlapa de Comonfort''', aften shortened tae '''Tlapa''' an kent as '''Tinda'i''' in [[Mixtec leid|Mixtec]], is a ceety in the [[:es:La Montaña (Guerrero)|muntain region]] o the [[Mexico|Mexican state]] o [[Guerrero]]. It serves as the municipal seat for the surroondin [[Tlapa de Comonfort (municipality)|municipality o the same name]] an aw. "Tlapa" is a [[Nahuatl]] [[exonym]] frae ''tlappan'' or ''tluhpan'', meanin "place o washin". The "de Comonfort" pairt o the name is in homage tae [[Preses o Mexico|Preses]] [[Ignacio Comonfort]]. ==History== The [[Codex Azoyú]] indicates that the ceety nou kent as Tlapa wis foondit atween 1724 an 1756. References tae it an aw exist in codices an firth carvins frae the toun o [[Chiepetlán]], claimin it wis foondit in 1607, an in the [[Humboldt Codex]]. The municipality wis foondit in 1912, wi the escision o [[Guerrero]] frae the states o [[Puebla]] an [[state o México|México]]. It receivit ceety status in 1920. ==Modren day== The 2005 [[INEGI]] Census reportit a population o 37,975 in the municipal seat.<ref>[http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/zip/iter_12xls.zip INEGI: Principales resultados por localidad 2005 (ITER) de Guerrero] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613184256/http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/zip/iter_12xls.zip |date=2011-06-13 }}</ref> The current [[Municipal preses|mayor]] is Victoriano Wences o the PT ==References== {{reflist}} * [http://www.guerrero.gob.mx/?P=tlapa_de_comorfort Portal Oficial del Gobierno del Estado de Guerrero] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122134609/http://guerrero.gob.mx/?P=tlapa_de_comorfort |date=2016-01-22 }} == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.hayuntamientotlapa.gob.mx Tlapa municipal government] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215100325/http://www.hayuntamientotlapa.gob.mx/ |date=2007-12-15 }} * [http://www.guerrero.gob.mx/?P=tlapa_de_comorfort Tlapa de Comonfort] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122134609/http://guerrero.gob.mx/?P=tlapa_de_comorfort |date=2016-01-22 }} (guerrero.gob.mx) {{Guerrero}} [[Category:Populatit places in Guerrero]] jx3ks5u6oi68zs0ai8jo6xy5ur3its4 0 88072 906537 898038 2025-07-11T11:47:34Z Famous Jack K 119094 Added record producer and actor because he is also a record producer and actor 906537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | image = Lil Wayne in Concert.jpg | caption = Lil Wayne performin in March 2011 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Dwayne Michael Carter, Jr. | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1982|09|27}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Monitor|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=Sep 20–27, 2013|year=2013|issue=1277/1278|page=36}}</ref> | alias = Shrimp Daddy,<ref name="complexlil">{{cite web |url=http://www.complex.com/music/2013/01/40-things-you-didnt-know-about-lil-wayne/shrimp-daddy |title=He went by the names Shrimp Daddy and Baby D before Lil Wayne. — 40 Things You Didn't Know About Lil Wayne |publisher=Complex |date=2013-01-03 |accessdate=2013-12-05 |archive-date=2013-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208225051/http://www.complex.com/music/2013/01/40-things-you-didnt-know-about-lil-wayne/shrimp-daddy |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theboombox.com/lil-wayne-reveals-initial-rap-name-was-shrimp-daddy/ |title=Lil Wayne Reveals Initial Rap Name Was Shrimp Daddy |publisher=Theboombox.com |date=2011-04-29 |accessdate=2013-12-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/xxl-magazine/2011/04/lil-wayne-as-the-shrimp-daddy/ |title=Lil Wayne as the Shrimp Daddy - XXL |publisher=Xxlmag.com |date=2011-04-29 |accessdate=2013-12-05}}</ref> Baby D<ref name="complexlil"/> | origin = [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], U.S. | genre = [[Hip hop muisic|Hip hop]], southern hip hop, trap, gangsta rap, pop rap, hardcore hip hop | occupation = {{flatlist| * Rapper * singer * songwriter * record executive * entrepreneur * actor * record producer }} | years_active = 1994–present | label = {{flatlist| * [[Young Money Entertainment|Young Money]] * [[Cash Money Records]] * [[Republic Records|Republic]] }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Cash Money Millionaires]] * [[The B.G.'z]] * [[Hot Boys]] * [[Sqad Up]] * [[2 Chainz]] * [[Birdman (rapper)|Birdman]] * [[DJ Drama]] * [[DJ Khaled]] * [[Drake (muisicker)|Drake]] * [[Eminem]] * [[Future (rapper)|Future]] * [[The Game (rapper)|The Game]] * [[Jeezy]] * [[Juelz Santana]] * [[Lloyd (sangster)|Lloyd]] * [[Mack Maine]] * [[Nicki Minaj]] * [[Rich the Kid]] * [[Rick Ross]] * [[T-Pain]] * [[T.I.]] * [[Tyga]] * [[Bobby V]] * [[Fat Joe]] * [[Kidd Kidd]] * [[B.G. (rapper)|B.G.]] * [[Cool & Dre]] * [[Bow Wow]] * [[Jay Sean]] * [[Nivea (sangster)|Nivea]] * [[Mannie Fresh]] * [[Jim Jonsin]] * [[Chris Brown]] }} | website = }} '''Dwayne Michael Carter, Jr.''' (born September 27, 1982), kent bi his [[stage name]] '''Lil Wayne''', is an American [[rappin|rapper]], sangster, sangwriter, producer, an entrepreneur frae [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]]. == Albums == * Tha Block Is Hot (1999) * Lights Out (2000) * 500 Degreez (2002) * Tha Carter (2004) * Tha Carter II (2005) * Tha Carter III (2008) * Rebirth (2010) * I Am Not a Human Being (2010) * Tha Carter IV (2011) * I Am Not a Human Being II (2013) * Free Weezy Album (2015) * Tha Carter V (2018) * Funeral (2020) ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lil Wayne}} [[Category:1982 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century American sangsters]] [[Category:African-American business executives]] [[Category:African-American Catholics]] [[Category:African-American male actors]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American male sangwriters]] [[Category:African-American record producers]] [[Category:American businessfowk convictit o crimes]] [[Category:American chief executives]] [[Category:American hip hop record producers]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American muisic industry executives]] [[Category:American fowk convictit o drug offenses]] [[Category:American philanthropists]] [[Category:American Roman Catholics]] [[Category:American shuitin survivors]] [[Category:Businessfowk frae Louisiana]] [[Category:Cash Money Records airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Award-winnin airtists]] [[Category:Fowk wi epilepsy]] [[Category:Rappers frae New Orleans, Louisiana]] [[Category:Republic Records airtists]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Louisiana]] [[Category:Soothern hip hop muisickers]] [[Category:Varsity o Phoenix alumni]] [[Category:Warld Muisic Awairds winners]] [[Category:Young Money Entertainment airtists]] fmk7tx2x7hbdgavbyd2j2wbtnbxmmpa 906538 906537 2025-07-11T11:47:53Z Famous Jack K 119094 906538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | image = Lil Wayne in Concert.jpg | caption = Lil Wayne performin in March 2011 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Dwayne Michael Carter, Jr. | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1982|09|27}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Monitor|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=Sep 20–27, 2013|year=2013|issue=1277/1278|page=36}}</ref> | alias = Shrimp Daddy,<ref name="complexlil">{{cite web |url=http://www.complex.com/music/2013/01/40-things-you-didnt-know-about-lil-wayne/shrimp-daddy |title=He went by the names Shrimp Daddy and Baby D before Lil Wayne. — 40 Things You Didn't Know About Lil Wayne |publisher=Complex |date=2013-01-03 |accessdate=2013-12-05 |archive-date=2013-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208225051/http://www.complex.com/music/2013/01/40-things-you-didnt-know-about-lil-wayne/shrimp-daddy |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theboombox.com/lil-wayne-reveals-initial-rap-name-was-shrimp-daddy/ |title=Lil Wayne Reveals Initial Rap Name Was Shrimp Daddy |publisher=Theboombox.com |date=2011-04-29 |accessdate=2013-12-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/xxl-magazine/2011/04/lil-wayne-as-the-shrimp-daddy/ |title=Lil Wayne as the Shrimp Daddy - XXL |publisher=Xxlmag.com |date=2011-04-29 |accessdate=2013-12-05}}</ref> Baby D<ref name="complexlil"/> | origin = [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], U.S. | genre = [[Hip hop muisic|Hip hop]], southern hip hop, trap, gangsta rap, pop rap, hardcore hip hop | occupation = {{flatlist| * Rapper * sangster * sangwriter * record executive * entrepreneur * actor * record producer }} | years_active = 1994–present | label = {{flatlist| * [[Young Money Entertainment|Young Money]] * [[Cash Money Records]] * [[Republic Records|Republic]] }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Cash Money Millionaires]] * [[The B.G.'z]] * [[Hot Boys]] * [[Sqad Up]] * [[2 Chainz]] * [[Birdman (rapper)|Birdman]] * [[DJ Drama]] * [[DJ Khaled]] * [[Drake (muisicker)|Drake]] * [[Eminem]] * [[Future (rapper)|Future]] * [[The Game (rapper)|The Game]] * [[Jeezy]] * [[Juelz Santana]] * [[Lloyd (sangster)|Lloyd]] * [[Mack Maine]] * [[Nicki Minaj]] * [[Rich the Kid]] * [[Rick Ross]] * [[T-Pain]] * [[T.I.]] * [[Tyga]] * [[Bobby V]] * [[Fat Joe]] * [[Kidd Kidd]] * [[B.G. (rapper)|B.G.]] * [[Cool & Dre]] * [[Bow Wow]] * [[Jay Sean]] * [[Nivea (sangster)|Nivea]] * [[Mannie Fresh]] * [[Jim Jonsin]] * [[Chris Brown]] }} | website = }} '''Dwayne Michael Carter, Jr.''' (born September 27, 1982), kent bi his [[stage name]] '''Lil Wayne''', is an American [[rappin|rapper]], sangster, sangwriter, producer, an entrepreneur frae [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]]. == Albums == * Tha Block Is Hot (1999) * Lights Out (2000) * 500 Degreez (2002) * Tha Carter (2004) * Tha Carter II (2005) * Tha Carter III (2008) * Rebirth (2010) * I Am Not a Human Being (2010) * Tha Carter IV (2011) * I Am Not a Human Being II (2013) * Free Weezy Album (2015) * Tha Carter V (2018) * Funeral (2020) ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lil Wayne}} [[Category:1982 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century American sangsters]] [[Category:African-American business executives]] [[Category:African-American Catholics]] [[Category:African-American male actors]] [[Category:African-American male rappers]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American male sangwriters]] [[Category:African-American record producers]] [[Category:American businessfowk convictit o crimes]] [[Category:American chief executives]] [[Category:American hip hop record producers]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American muisic industry executives]] [[Category:American fowk convictit o drug offenses]] [[Category:American philanthropists]] [[Category:American Roman Catholics]] [[Category:American shuitin survivors]] [[Category:Businessfowk frae Louisiana]] [[Category:Cash Money Records airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Award-winnin airtists]] [[Category:Fowk wi epilepsy]] [[Category:Rappers frae New Orleans, Louisiana]] [[Category:Republic Records airtists]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Louisiana]] [[Category:Soothern hip hop muisickers]] [[Category:Varsity o Phoenix alumni]] [[Category:Warld Muisic Awairds winners]] [[Category:Young Money Entertainment airtists]] ryf24je33u0dm7wap7l3kpnu2yv9dd6 0 149631 906498 801364 2025-07-10T13:32:35Z TheBritinator 107607 Images 906498 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Portknockie.jpg|thumb|Portknockie]] [[File:Bow Fiddle Rock.jpg|thumb|Bow Fiddle Rock]] '''Portnockie''' ({{lang-gd|Port Chnocaidh}}, the hilly port, {{lang-en|Portknockie}}) is a coastal veelage on the [[Moray Firth]] within [[Moray]], Scotland. {{coord|57|41|N|2|51|W|region:GB_type:city|display=title}} [[Category:Veelages in Moray]] [[Category:Buckie]] [[Category:Ports an herbours o Scotland]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1677]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} f8i9yf0px5xnxseltsticm6cxztvak1 0 161029 906536 888861 2025-07-11T11:43:20Z Famous Jack K 119094 Feel free to message me 906536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Drake | image = Drake and Future 2016 Summer Sixteen Tour.jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = Drake performin at [[OVO Fest]] in 2016 | birth_name = Aubrey Drake Graham | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|10|24}} | birth_place = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Canadae | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|sangster|sangwriter|actor|entrepreneur}} | years_active = 2001–present | website = {{URL|drakeofficial.com/}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | background = solo_singer | instrument = [[Vocals]] | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Hip hop muisic|Hip hop]] * [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] * [[pop rap]] * [[pop muisic|pop]] * [[trap muisic|trap]] }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[OVO Sound]] * [[Republic Records|Republic]] * [[Young Money Entertainment|Young Money]] * [[Cash Money Records|Cash Money]] * Aspire }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[40 (record producer)|40]] * [[Boi-1da]] * [[Lil Wayne]] * [[Future (rapper)|Future]] * [[Rihanna]] * [[The Weeknd]] * [[Rick Ross]] * [[PartyNextDoor]] * [[Nicki Minaj]] }} }} }} '''Aubrey Drake Graham''' (born October 24, 1986 in [[Toronto]]),<ref name=allmusic>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/drake-mn0001035294|title=Drake - Music Biography, Credits and Discography|publisher=AllMusic | first= Andy|last= Kellman}}</ref> kent simply as '''Drake''', is a Canadian rapper an sangster.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1013044/|title= Aubrey Graham |publisher=Internet Movie Database}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/20/arts/music/drakes-take-care-goes-to-moody-places.html?pagewanted=all|title=Drake Pushes Rap Toward the Gothic|last=Caramanca|first=Jon|date=November 16, 2011|accessdate=February 1, 2012|work=The New York Times}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Drake}} [[Category:Drake (rapper)| ]] [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:21st-century Canadian male actors]] [[Category:Businessfowk frae Toronto]] [[Category:Black Canadian muisickers]] [[Category:Canadian expatriate muisickers in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Canadian hip hop sangsters]] [[Category:Canadian male bairn actors]] [[Category:Canadian male film actors]] [[Category:Canadian male sangsters]] [[Category:Canadian male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Canadian male vyce actors]] [[Category:Canadian muisic industry executives]] [[Category:Canadian fowk o African-American strynd]] [[Category:Canadian pop sangsters]] [[Category:Canadian rappers]] [[Category:Canadian sangwriters]] [[Category:Canadian businessfowk]] [[Category:Canadian rhythm an blues sangsters]] [[Category:Cash Money Records airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Jewish Canadian male actors]] [[Category:Jewish Canadian muisickers]] [[Category:Jewish rappers]] [[Category:Jewish sangsters]] [[Category:Juno Awaird winners]] [[Category:Male actors frae Toronto]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Toronto]] [[Category:Toronto Raptors personnel]] [[Category:Young Money Entertainment airtists]] [[Category:21st-century Canadian muisickers]] [[Category:Canadian male comedians]] [[Category:Canadian rhythm an blues muisickers]] [[Category:Canadian emigrants tae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Canadian male rappers]] [[Category:Canadian male sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Jewish hip hop producers]] [[Category:Fowk frae Weston, Toronto]] [[Category:Canadian sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Canadian hip hop muisickers]] [[Category:Black Canadian male actors]] [[Category:Canadian fowk o Jewish strynd]] hbjc2ygh9w6p4z0amflac0vpcxw76fu 0 161645 906510 905778 2025-07-10T20:07:11Z Atlantic306 30244 added category 906510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox MP |name = Joanna Cherry |image = |honorific-suffix = [[Queen's Coonsel|QC]] [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |office = SNP Spokesperson on [[Hame Office|Hame Affairs]] an [[Juistice]] |term_start = 20 Mey 2015 |term_end = 1 February 2021 |predecessor = Poseetion established |successor = [[Stuart Macdonald]] |office1 = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Edinburgh Sooth Wast (UK Pairlament constituency)|Edinburgh Sooth Wast]] |term_start1 = 7 Mey 2015 |term_end1 = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor1 = [[Alistair Darling]] |successor1 = |majority1 = 8,135 (15.8%) |birth_name = Joanna Catherine Cherry |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1966|3|18|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[Varsity o Edinburgh]] }} '''Joanna Catherine Cherry''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|QC}} (born 18 Mairch 1966)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-250752|title=Cherry, Joanna Catherine, (born 18 March 1966), QC (Scot.) 2009; MP (SNP) Edinburgh South West, since 2015 {{!}} WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO|website=www.ukwhoswho.com|language=en|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u250752|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref> is a [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] (SNP) politeecian. She haes been the [[Member o Pairlament]] (MP) for [[Edinburgh Sooth Wast (UK Pairlament constituency)|Edinburgh Sooth Wast]] fae Mey 2015<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/2334493|title=List of Members returned to Parliament at the General Election 2015 Scotland|work=[[The Edinburgh Gazette]]|date=15 May 2015|accessdate=3 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/politics/constituencies/S14000025|title=Edinburgh South West Parliamentary constituency|publisher=BBC|date=8 May 2015|accessdate=8 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/generalelection/scottish-mps-in-westminster-the-full-list-of-the-snp-parliamentarians-10234893.html | title=Scottish MPs in Westminster: The full list of the SNP parliamentarians | publisher=[[The Independent]] | work=Ben Tufft | date=8 May 2015 | accessdate=8 May 2015 | archive-date=2017-05-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503075539/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/generalelection/scottish-mps-in-westminster-the-full-list-of-the-snp-parliamentarians-10234893.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> til her defeat at the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin. She wis the SNP Juistice an Hame Affairs spokesperson in the [[Hoose o Commons o the Unitit Kinrick|Hoose o Commons]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cherry, Joanna}} [[Category:1966 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:21st-century Breetish weemen politeecians]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:LGBT politeecians frae Scotland]] [[Category:LGBT members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Members o the Faculty o Advocates]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Edinburgh constituencies]] [[Category:Fowk frae Edinburgh]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:Scots Queen's Coonsel]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:Scots weemen lawers]] [[Category:Scots weemen in politics]] [[Category:Scots lawers]] [[Category:Scots politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} ruzrymumfc5ydhwiju74m1dwy2yn176 906512 906510 2025-07-10T20:12:09Z Atlantic306 30244 category added 906512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox MP |name = Joanna Cherry |image = |honorific-suffix = [[Queen's Coonsel|QC]] [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |office = SNP Spokesperson on [[Hame Office|Hame Affairs]] an [[Juistice]] |term_start = 20 Mey 2015 |term_end = 1 February 2021 |predecessor = Poseetion established |successor = [[Stuart Macdonald]] |office1 = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Edinburgh Sooth Wast (UK Pairlament constituency)|Edinburgh Sooth Wast]] |term_start1 = 7 Mey 2015 |term_end1 = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor1 = [[Alistair Darling]] |successor1 = |majority1 = 8,135 (15.8%) |birth_name = Joanna Catherine Cherry |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1966|3|18|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[Varsity o Edinburgh]] }} '''Joanna Catherine Cherry''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|QC}} (born 18 Mairch 1966)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-250752|title=Cherry, Joanna Catherine, (born 18 March 1966), QC (Scot.) 2009; MP (SNP) Edinburgh South West, since 2015 {{!}} WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO|website=www.ukwhoswho.com|language=en|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u250752|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref> is a [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] (SNP) politeecian. She haes been the [[Member o Pairlament]] (MP) for [[Edinburgh Sooth Wast (UK Pairlament constituency)|Edinburgh Sooth Wast]] fae Mey 2015<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/2334493|title=List of Members returned to Parliament at the General Election 2015 Scotland|work=[[The Edinburgh Gazette]]|date=15 May 2015|accessdate=3 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/politics/constituencies/S14000025|title=Edinburgh South West Parliamentary constituency|publisher=BBC|date=8 May 2015|accessdate=8 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/generalelection/scottish-mps-in-westminster-the-full-list-of-the-snp-parliamentarians-10234893.html | title=Scottish MPs in Westminster: The full list of the SNP parliamentarians | publisher=[[The Independent]] | work=Ben Tufft | date=8 May 2015 | accessdate=8 May 2015 | archive-date=2017-05-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503075539/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/generalelection/scottish-mps-in-westminster-the-full-list-of-the-snp-parliamentarians-10234893.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> til her defeat at the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin. She wis the SNP Juistice an Hame Affairs spokesperson in the [[Hoose o Commons o the Unitit Kinrick|Hoose o Commons]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cherry, Joanna}} [[Category:1966 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:21st-century Breetish weemen politeecians]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:LGBT politeecians frae Scotland]] [[Category:LGBT members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Lesbian politeecians]] [[Category:Members o the Faculty o Advocates]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Edinburgh constituencies]] [[Category:Fowk frae Edinburgh]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:Scots Queen's Coonsel]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:Scots weemen lawers]] [[Category:Scots weemen in politics]] [[Category:Scots lawers]] [[Category:Scots politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} bt2e4za4mh9e52rrr0kgvbp5js2wedm 906514 906512 2025-07-10T20:16:54Z Atlantic306 30244 category adding 906514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox MP |name = Joanna Cherry |image = |honorific-suffix = [[Queen's Coonsel|QC]] [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |office = SNP Spokesperson on [[Hame Office|Hame Affairs]] an [[Juistice]] |term_start = 20 Mey 2015 |term_end = 1 February 2021 |predecessor = Poseetion established |successor = [[Stuart Macdonald]] |office1 = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Edinburgh Sooth Wast (UK Pairlament constituency)|Edinburgh Sooth Wast]] |term_start1 = 7 Mey 2015 |term_end1 = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor1 = [[Alistair Darling]] |successor1 = |majority1 = 8,135 (15.8%) |birth_name = Joanna Catherine Cherry |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1966|3|18|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[Varsity o Edinburgh]] }} '''Joanna Catherine Cherry''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|QC}} (born 18 Mairch 1966)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-250752|title=Cherry, Joanna Catherine, (born 18 March 1966), QC (Scot.) 2009; MP (SNP) Edinburgh South West, since 2015 {{!}} WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO|website=www.ukwhoswho.com|language=en|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u250752|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref> is a [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] (SNP) politeecian. She haes been the [[Member o Pairlament]] (MP) for [[Edinburgh Sooth Wast (UK Pairlament constituency)|Edinburgh Sooth Wast]] fae Mey 2015<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/2334493|title=List of Members returned to Parliament at the General Election 2015 Scotland|work=[[The Edinburgh Gazette]]|date=15 May 2015|accessdate=3 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/politics/constituencies/S14000025|title=Edinburgh South West Parliamentary constituency|publisher=BBC|date=8 May 2015|accessdate=8 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/generalelection/scottish-mps-in-westminster-the-full-list-of-the-snp-parliamentarians-10234893.html | title=Scottish MPs in Westminster: The full list of the SNP parliamentarians | publisher=[[The Independent]] | work=Ben Tufft | date=8 May 2015 | accessdate=8 May 2015 | archive-date=2017-05-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503075539/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/generalelection/scottish-mps-in-westminster-the-full-list-of-the-snp-parliamentarians-10234893.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> til her defeat at the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin. She wis the SNP Juistice an Hame Affairs spokesperson in the [[Hoose o Commons o the Unitit Kinrick|Hoose o Commons]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cherry, Joanna}} [[Category:1966 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:21st-century Breetish weemen politeecians]] [[Category:20t-century Scots lawers]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:LGBT politeecians frae Scotland]] [[Category:LGBT members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Lesbian politeecians]] [[Category:Members o the Faculty o Advocates]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Edinburgh constituencies]] [[Category:Fowk frae Edinburgh]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:Scots Queen's Coonsel]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:Scots weemen lawers]] [[Category:Scots weemen in politics]] [[Category:Scots lawers]] [[Category:Scots politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} cz2es9kp2nrtgs55222klq8nw5ni2ed 906516 906514 2025-07-10T20:21:15Z Atlantic306 30244 /* References */ added category 906516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox MP |name = Joanna Cherry |image = |honorific-suffix = [[Queen's Coonsel|QC]] [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |office = SNP Spokesperson on [[Hame Office|Hame Affairs]] an [[Juistice]] |term_start = 20 Mey 2015 |term_end = 1 February 2021 |predecessor = Poseetion established |successor = [[Stuart Macdonald]] |office1 = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Edinburgh Sooth Wast (UK Pairlament constituency)|Edinburgh Sooth Wast]] |term_start1 = 7 Mey 2015 |term_end1 = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor1 = [[Alistair Darling]] |successor1 = |majority1 = 8,135 (15.8%) |birth_name = Joanna Catherine Cherry |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1966|3|18|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[Varsity o Edinburgh]] }} '''Joanna Catherine Cherry''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|QC}} (born 18 Mairch 1966)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-250752|title=Cherry, Joanna Catherine, (born 18 March 1966), QC (Scot.) 2009; MP (SNP) Edinburgh South West, since 2015 {{!}} WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO|website=www.ukwhoswho.com|language=en|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u250752|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref> is a [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] (SNP) politeecian. She haes been the [[Member o Pairlament]] (MP) for [[Edinburgh Sooth Wast (UK Pairlament constituency)|Edinburgh Sooth Wast]] fae Mey 2015<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/2334493|title=List of Members returned to Parliament at the General Election 2015 Scotland|work=[[The Edinburgh Gazette]]|date=15 May 2015|accessdate=3 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/politics/constituencies/S14000025|title=Edinburgh South West Parliamentary constituency|publisher=BBC|date=8 May 2015|accessdate=8 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/generalelection/scottish-mps-in-westminster-the-full-list-of-the-snp-parliamentarians-10234893.html | title=Scottish MPs in Westminster: The full list of the SNP parliamentarians | publisher=[[The Independent]] | work=Ben Tufft | date=8 May 2015 | accessdate=8 May 2015 | archive-date=2017-05-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503075539/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/generalelection/scottish-mps-in-westminster-the-full-list-of-the-snp-parliamentarians-10234893.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> til her defeat at the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin. She wis the SNP Juistice an Hame Affairs spokesperson in the [[Hoose o Commons o the Unitit Kinrick|Hoose o Commons]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cherry, Joanna}} [[Category:1966 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at St Margaret's School, Edinburgh]] [[Category:21st-century Breetish weemen politeecians]] [[Category:20t-century Scots lawers]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:LGBT politeecians frae Scotland]] [[Category:LGBT members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Lesbian politeecians]] [[Category:Members o the Faculty o Advocates]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Edinburgh constituencies]] [[Category:Fowk frae Edinburgh]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:Scots Queen's Coonsel]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:Scots weemen lawers]] [[Category:Scots weemen in politics]] [[Category:Scots lawers]] [[Category:Scots politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} 9upzme7bcvjxepr01uuktxv5bzwl8vn 0 171789 906518 906285 2025-07-10T20:26:58Z Atlantic306 30244 add category 906518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox MP |name = Angela Crawley |honorific-suffix = [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |image = Angela Crawley.jpg |office = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Lanrik an Hamiltoun East (UK Pairlament constituency)|Lanrik an Hamiltoun East]] |term_start = 8 Mey 2015 |term_end = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor = [[Jimmy Hood]] |successor = |majority = 266 (0.5%) |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|6|3|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Hamiltoun, Sooth Lanrikshire|Hamiltoun]], [[Scotland]] |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[University o Stirling]]<br>[[University o Glesga]] |website = {{url|angelacrawley.scot|Offeecial wabsteid}} }} '''Angela Crawley''' (born 3 Juin 1987 in [[Hamiltoun, Sooth Lanrikshire|Hamiltoun]], [[Sooth Lanrikshire]]) is a [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] politeecian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carlukegazette.co.uk/news/local-headlines/angela-crawley-wins-lanark-seat-from-jim-hood-1-3766951|title=Angela Crawley Wins Lanark Seat from Jim Hood|website=www.carlukegazette.co.uk via internet archive|access-date=26 June 2025|archive-date=2015-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518093338/http://www.carlukegazette.co.uk/news/local-headlines/angela-crawley-wins-lanark-seat-from-jim-hood-1-3766951|url-status=dead}}</ref> She wis the [[Member o Pairlament (UK)|Member o Pairlament]] (MP) for [[Lanrik an Hamiltoun East (UK Pairlament constituency)|Lanrik an Hamiltoun East]] syne the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2015|2015 general election]], whan she won a majority o 10,100 votes (18.3%); she retained the seat in [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2017|2017]] wi a nairae majority o 266 (0.5%).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/4469/career|title=Angela Crawley|website=members.parliament.uk|access-date=26 June 2025}}</ref> She demittit at the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin. == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Crawley, Angela}} [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Glesga]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Stirlin]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:LGBT politeecians frae Scotland]] [[[[Category:Lesbian politeecians]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Fowk frae Hamiltoun, Sooth Lanrikshire]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty cooncillors]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] {{stub/scotpol}} clcztb5wk716symg2hc0f2csioxsqmi 0 171806 906506 906302 2025-07-10T19:58:17Z Atlantic306 30244 /* References */ added category 906506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Deidre Brock |image = Official portrait of Deidre Brock crop 2.jpg |honorific-suffix = [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] |office = SNP [[Scots Pairlament]] Spokesman |term_start = 20 Mey 2015 |term_end = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor = Poseetion established |successor = |office1 = [[Member o Pairlament]]<br>for [[Edinburgh North an Leith (UK Pairlament constituency)|Edinburgh North an Leith]] |term_start1 = 8 Mey 2015 |term_end1 = 4 Julie 2024 |predecessor1 = [[Mark Lazarowicz]] |successor1 = |majority1 = 5,597 (9.6%) |birth_name = Deidre Leanne Brock |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|11|23|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Perth]], [[Australie]] |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Scots National Pairty]] |alma_mater = [[Curtin Varsity]]<br>[[Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts|Western Australian Academy<br>of Performing Arts]] |website = {{url|snp.org/people/deidre-brock|Offeecial wabsteid}} }} '''Deidre Leanne Brock''' is an Australie-born [[Scots National Pairty]] (SNP) [[politeecian]]. She wis the [[Hoose o Commons o the Unitit Kinrick|Hoose o Commons]] Business spokesperson in the Unitit Kinrick Pairlament<ref>{{Cite web|last=SNP|first=the|date=2023-09-04|title=The real opposition: meet your new SNP Westminster Frontbench|url=https://www.snp.org/snp-westminster-frontbench-team/|access-date=2024-06-28|website=Scottish National Party via internet archive|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410223717/https://www.snp.org/snp-westminster-frontbench-team/|url-status=dead}}</ref> til her defeat in the 2024 Unitit Kinrick general walin. ==Personal life== Brock went tae Curtin University then the Western Australian Academy of Art, whaur she stuidit actin fur three yeir.<ref name="Villegas">{{cite news |last1=Villegas |first1=Sofia |title=Deidre Brock MP: Getting to know you |url=https://www.holyrood.com/inside-politics/view,deidre-brock-mp-getting-to-know-you |access-date=30 June 2024 |work=Holyrood Website |date=12 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> ==Political career== Brock jint the SNP an wirkit as a pairlamentary assistant unner [[Rob Gibson]], then MSP fur the Highlands an Isles. She stuid in the 2007 Scots cooncil election, winnin a seat in the Leith Walk waird o Edinburra.<ref name="Villegas" /> == References == {{reflist}} {{stub/scotpol}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brock, Deidre}} [[Category:1961 births]] [[Category:Cooncillors in Edinburgh]] [[Category:Australie actresses]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Edinburgh constituencies]] [[Category:Place o birth missin (livin fowk)]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:21st-century weemen politeecians]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–2024]] l1zt9jf9g4iov7siscg83hbkkqkea3b 2 208877 906503 905786 2025-07-10T18:27:48Z UrielAcosta 56283 906503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} [[File:Canada goose in Central Park 1.png|thumb|left|234px|A [[Canadae guiss]] in [[Central Pairk]] in The Pool, a bouk o watter aboot 150 metres frae ma apairtment biggin in [[New York City|New York]]]] This is ma uiser page in the Scots leid.<br/>See an aw ma ither pages: * [[:en:User:UrielAcosta|My page in English]]<br/> * [[:es:Usuario:UrielAcosta|Mi página en español]] * [[:pt:Usuário:UrielAcosta|Minha página em português]]<br/> * [[:ia:Usator:UrielAcosta|Mi pagina in interlingua]]<br/><br/> {{userbox | border-c = #adadee | border-s = 0 | id = {{{id|✡}}} | id-c = #e9e9ff | id-fc = blue | id-op = font-size:xx-large; | info = This uiser is '''[[Jewish]]''' | info-s = 12 | info-c = #fafaff | usercategory = <includeonly>Jewish Wikipedians</includeonly> | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }}<noinclude>[[Category:Jews and Judaism user templates|Jew]]</noinclude> {{clear}} {{userbox | border-c = 0 | border-s = 1 | id = [[Image:Anarchy-symbol-red.svg|42px]] | id-c = #000000 | id-fc = #000000 | id-s = 12 | info = This uiser is an '''[[Anarchism|<span style="color:#eeeeee">anarchist</span>]]''' | info-c = #000000 | info-fc = #ffffff | info-s = 12 | info-op = text-align:center; | usercategory = | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }}<noinclude>[[Category:Political user templates|Anarchist]]</noinclude> {{clear}}</div> {{userbox | border-c = 0 | border-s = 1 | id = [[File:Frederick Douglass at the New York Historical Society 25 (cropped).jpg|65px]] | id-c = DarkGoldenrod | id-fc = #000000 | id-s = 12 | info = This uiser kens that '''[[Black Lives Matter|<span style="color:FloralWhite">Black Lives Matter</span>]]'''. | info-c = DarkGoldenrod | info-fc = White | info-s = 13 | info-op = text-align:center; | usercategory = | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }} {{Clear}} </div> </div> {{Clear}} {{Userbox |border-c = black |border-s = 0 |info-c = #00FF00 |info-s = 12 |info-fc = black |info-a = center |id = [[File:Gaza Strip map2 heb.svg|50px]] |id-c = black |info = This user oppones [[Benjamin Netanyahu|Netanyahu]]'s genocide in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]]</span> |nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }} {{Clear}} {{userbox | border-c = 0 | border-s = 1 | id = [[Image:Ashjian family, killed in Armenian genocide 1915.jpg|108px]] | id-c = #ffffff | id-fc = #000000 | id-s = 12 | info = This uiser oppones the denial o the '''[[Armenie Genocide|<span style="color:FloralWhite">Armenie Genocide</span>]]'''. | info-c = Blue | info-fc = White | info-s = 13 | info-op = text-align:center; | usercategory = | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }} <noinclude> [[Category:Political user templates]] </noinclude></div> [[Category:Uiser sco-1|UrielAcosta]] {{clear}}</div> {{multiple image|total_width=360|align=left|direction=horizontal |title= |image1=Rainbow over Malcolm X Boulevard.jpg |caption1=Rainbowe ower [[Malcolm X Boulevard|Malcolm X Bld]] |image2=Cathedral of John the Divine sculpture sitting chimp 3 - Ape & Angel.jpg |caption2=[[Peace Funtain]]: Ape & Aungel}} [[Special:CentralAuth/UrielAcosta|A hae mair nor 70,000 eedits in aw wikis]], includin [[:en:|Inglis]] (whaur A hae mair nor 40,000 edits), [[:ia:|Interlingua]] (10,000+), [[:pt:|Portuguese]] (7000+), [[:es:|Spaingie]] (3000+), an [[:sco:|Scots]] (500+), an forby in [[:commons:|Wikicommons]] (8000+) an [[:wikidata:|Wikidata]] (1000+). Aw o the photaes on this page (includin the twa in ma uiser boxes) are frae ma contreibutions tae Wikicommons. A'm tryin tae learn the Scots leid, whilk isna ma mither tongue.<br/> {{multiple image|total_width=360|align=left|direction=horizontal |title= |image1 = Anais Nin inscriptio to Marjorie Anais Housepian Dobkin.jpg |caption1 =[[Anaïs Nin]]'s [[The Diary of Anaïs Nin|diary]] inscribit tae [[Marjorie Housepian Dobkin|Marjorie Anaïs Housepian]] |image2 = Judith Malina on the grounds of the Actors Fund Home in Englewood NJ circa 2014 photographed by Jay Dobkin.jpeg |caption2 =[[Judith Malina]], foonder & director o [[The Living Theatre]]}} {{multiple image|total_width=360|align=left|direction=horizontal |title=| image2 = Looking west across the Pool in Central Park 16.jpg |caption2 =Lookin wast ower The Pool in [[Central Pairk]] |image1 = Duckling flexing its wings.jpg |caption1 =A [[muir deuk]]lin in [[Central Pairk]] }} {{Babel|en|pt-3|es-3|ia-3|fr-2|sco-1}} b6rh4j6v7gk1rn25ks83q3nj8o3eqil 4 223455 906526 906452 2025-07-11T00:16:26Z ListeriaBot 30924 Wikidata list updated [V2] 906526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT DISTINCT ?item WHERE { ?position wdt:P279 wd:Q1711695 . ?item p:P39 ?ps . ?ps ps:P39 ?position . ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . } |links=red_only |thumb=100 |columns=number,label:Name,,P18,P569,P570,P19 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! number ! Name ! ! eemage ! date o birth ! date o daith ! place o birth |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[Nigel Don]] | | [[File:NigelDonMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | 1954-04-16 | | [[London Borough of Sutton]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[Bashir Ahmad]] | | | 1940-02-12 | 2009-02-06 | [[Amritsar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[Bill Kidd]] | | [[File:BillKiddMSP20070509.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-07-24 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[Bill Wilson]] | | | 1963-12-11 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[Bob Doris]] | | [[File:BobDorisMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | 1973-05-11 | | [[Vale of Leven]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[Chic Brodie]] | | [[File:Chic Brodie.jpg|center|100px]] | 1944-05-08 | 2022-09-24 | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[Claudia Beamish]] | | [[File:ClaudiaBeamishMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1952-08-09 | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[Colin Beattie]] | | [[File:Colin Beattie.JPG|center|100px]] | 1951-10-17 | | [[Farfar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[Dennis Robertson]] | | [[File:DennisRobertson20120627.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-08-14 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[Drew Smith]] | | [[File:DrewSmithMSP20110614.jpg|center|100px]] | 20th century | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[Graeme Dey]] | | [[File:GraemeDeyMSP20110507.jpg|center|100px]] | 1962-10-29 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[Helen Eadie]] | | [[File:HelenEadieMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1947-03-07 | 2013-11-09 | [[Stanehoosemuir]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[Fiona McLeod]] | | [[File:FionaMcLeodMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | 1957-12-03 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[Iain Gray]] | | [[File:IainGrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1957-06-07 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[Gavin Brown]] | | [[File:Gavin Brown.JPG|center|100px]] | 1975-06-04 | | [[Kirkcaldy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[James Kelly]] | | [[File:JamesKellyMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1963-10-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[Gordon MacDonald]] | | [[File:GordonMacDonaldMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | 1960-01-02 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[Graeme Pearson]] | | [[File:GraemePearsonMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | 1950-04-01 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[Neil Bibby]] | | [[File:Neil Bibby.JPG|center|100px]] | 1983-09-06 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[Hanzala Malik]] | | [[File:HanzalaMalikMSP20110601.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-11-26 | 2023-12-14 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[Margaret McCulloch]] | | [[File:Margaret McCulloch.jpg|center|100px]] | 1952-05-09 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[Jamie McGrigor]] | | [[File:JamieMcGrigorMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1949-10-19 | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[Jean Urquhart]] | | [[File:JeanUrquhartMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1949-05-17 | | [[Wast Lowden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[Jenny Marra]] | | [[File:Jenny Marra MSP.png|center|100px]] | 1977-11-06 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[Jim Eadie]] | | [[File:JimEadieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1968-02-10 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[Jim Hume]] | | [[File:JimHumeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1962-11-04 | | [[Peebles]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[John Lamont]] | | [[File:Official portrait of John Lamont MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | 1976-04-15 | | [[Kilwinnin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[John Park]] | | [[File:John-Park-MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1973-09-14 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[John Pentland]] | | [[File:JohnPentlandMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | 1946-12-24 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | [[John Scott]] | | [[File:JohnScottMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1951-06-07 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | [[John Wilson]] | | [[File:JohnWilsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-11-28 | | [[Fawkirk]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[Siobhan McMahon]] | | [[File:SiobhanMcMahonMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1984-07-04 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[Lewis Macdonald]] | | [[File:LewisMacdonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1957-01-01 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[Malcolm Chisholm]] | | [[File:Malcolm Chisholm.jpg|center|100px]] | 1949-03-07 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[Marco Biagi]] | | [[File:Marco Biagi.JPG|center|100px]] | 1982-07-31 | | [[The Vale]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[Margaret McDougall]] | | [[File:MargaretMcDougallMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1949-01-23 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[Margaret Mitchell]] | | [[File:MargaretMitchellMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | 1952-11-15 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | [[Mark Griffin]] | | [[File:Mark-Griffin-MSP-closeup.jpg|center|100px]] | 1985-10-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | [[Mary Fee]] | | [[File:MaryFeeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1954-03-23 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | [[Mary Scanlon]] | | [[File:MaryScanlonMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1947-05-25 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | [[Michael Russell]] | | [[File:Mike Russell SNP Conference.jpg|center|100px]] | 1953-08-09 | | [[Bromley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | [[Mike MacKenzie]] | | [[File:MikeMacKenzieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1958-11-18 | | [[Oban]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | [[Murdo Fraser]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Murdo Fraser MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | 1965-09-05 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | [[Paul Wheelhouse]] | | [[File:PaulWheelhouseMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | 1970-06-22 | | [[Bilfawst|Belfast]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | [[Richard Simpson]] | | [[File:RichardSimpsonMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | 1942-10-22 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | [[Alison Johnstone]] | | [[File:Alison Johnstone 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1965-10-11 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | [[Alison McInnes]] | | [[File:AlisonMcInnesMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | 1957-07-17 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | [[Cara Hilton]] | | [[File:Cara Hilton.jpg|center|100px]] | 1975 | | [[Grangemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[Cameron Buchanan]] | | [[File:CameronBuchananMSP20140129.jpg|center|100px]] | 1946-09 | 2023-06-24 | [[Woking]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | [[Alex Rowley]] | | [[File:Scottish Labour candidate for Cowdenbeath signs the pledge (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | 1963-11-30 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | [[Lesley Brennan]] | | [[File:Lesley Brennan.jpg|center|100px]] | 1972 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | [[Margaret Curran]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Curran crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | 1958-11-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | [[Elaine Smith]] | | [[File:ElaineSmithMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1963-05-07 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | [[Nicol Stephen]] | | [[File:Nicol Stephen.jpg|center|100px]] | 1960-03-23 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | [[James Douglas-Hamilton, Baron Selkirk of Douglas]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Selkirk of Douglas crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | 1942-07-31 | 2023-11-28 | [[Straiven]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | [[Phil Gallie]] | | | 1939-06-03 | 2011-01-24 | [[Portsmouth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Wallace of Tankerness crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]] | 1954-08-25 | | [[Annan, Dumfries an Gallowa|Annan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | [[Andrew Welsh]] | | | 1944-04-19 | 2021-06-17 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | [[Donald Gorrie]] | | | 1933-04-02 | 2012-08-25 | [[Breetish Raj]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | [[George Reid]] | | [[File:George reid msp.jpg|center|100px]] | 1939-06-04 | | [[Tullibody]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | [[Andrew Arbuckle]] | | | 1944-04-12 | | [[Fife]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | [[Wendy Alexander]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Alexander of Cleveden crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | 1963-06-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | [[Andy Kerr]] | | [[File:Andy Kerr.jpg|center|100px]] | 1962-03-17 | | [[East Kilbride]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | [[Tommy Sheridan]] | | [[File:TommySheridan2007.jpg|center|100px]] | 1964-03-07 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | [[Rhona Brankin]] | | [[File:Rhona Brankin.jpg|center|100px]] | 1950-01-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | [[Sarah Boyack]] | | [[File:Sarah Boyack MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1961-05-16 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | [[Eleanor Scott]] | | [[File:Eleanor scott (13338173734).jpg|center|100px]] | 1951-07-23 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | [[Johann Lamont]] | | [[File:Johann Lamont 2019.png|center|100px]] | 1957-07-11 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | [[Cathie Craigie]] | | [[File:Cathy Craigie.jpg|center|100px]] | 1954-04-14 | | [[Stirlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | [[Jackie Baillie]] | | [[File:Jackie Baillie 2018.png|center|100px]] | 1964-01-15 | | [[Hong Kong]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | [[Annabel Goldie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Goldie crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | 1950-02-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | [[Susan Deacon]] | | [[File:Susan Deacon.jpg|center|100px]] | 1964-02-02 | | [[Musselburrae]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | [[Fergus Ewing]] | | [[File:Cabinet Secretary for the Rural Economy and Connectivity, Fergus Ewing.png|center|100px]] | 1957-09-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | [[Alex Fergusson]] | | [[File:AlexFergussonMSP20110511.jpg|center|100px]] | 1949-04-08 | 2018-07-31 | [[Leswalt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | [[Stewart Stevenson]] | | [[File:StewartStevensonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1946-10-15 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | [[Rob Gibson]] | | [[File:RobGibsonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1945-10-10 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | [[John Swinburne]] | | | 1930-07-04 | 2017-10-01 | [[Pennsylvanie|Pennsylvania]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | [[Alasdair Morgan]] | | | 1945-04-21 | | [[Aiberfeldy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | [[Cathy Jamieson]] | | [[File:Cathy Jamieson.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-11-03 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | [[Janis Hughes]] | | | 1958-05-01 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | [[Bill Aitken]] | | | 1947-04-15 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | [[Bill Butler]] | | [[File:Bb3-billbutler.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-03-30 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | [[Scott Barrie]] | | | 1962-03-10 | | [[St Aundraes]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | [[Brian Monteith]] | | [[File:Brian Monteith MEP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1958-01-08 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | [[Bristow Muldoon]] | | [[File:Bristow Muldoon - 2014-10-30 - Andy Mabbett.jpg|center|100px]] | 1964-03-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | [[George Lyon]] | | [[File:George Lyon MEP at Bournemouth 2009.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-07-16 | | [[Rossay]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | [[Bruce McFee]] | | | 1961-05-18 | 2021-09-09 | [[Johnstoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | [[Cathy Peattie]] | | [[File:Cathey Peattie (Scottish politician).jpg|center|100px]] | 1951-11-24 | | [[Grangemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | [[Charlie Gordon]] | | | 1951-10-28 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | [[Christopher Harvie]] | | | 1944-09-21 | | [[Motherwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | [[David McLetchie]] | | [[File:DavidMcLetchieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1952-08-06 | 2013-08-12 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[David Stewart]] | | [[File:DaveStewartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-05-05 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | [[Dave Thompson]] | | [[File:DaveThompsonMSP20120629.jpg|center|100px]] | 1949-09-20 | | [[Lossiemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | [[David Whitton]] | | | 1952-04-22 | | [[Farfar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | [[Derek Brownlee]] | | | 1974-08-10 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | [[Des McNulty]] | | [[File:Des McNulty.jpg|center|100px]] | 1952-07-28 | | [[Stockport]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | [[John Farquhar Munro]] | | [[File:Iain Fearchar Rothach aig SMO.jpg|center|100px]] | 1934-08-26 | 2014-01-26 | [[Glen Shiel]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | [[Jim Tolson]] | | [[File:Jim Tolson.jpg|center|100px]] | 1965-05-26 | | [[Kirkcaldy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | [[Duncan McNeil]] | | [[File:DuncanMcNeilMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | 1950-09-07 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | [[Mary Mulligan]] | | [[File:MaryMulligan.jpg|center|100px]] | 1960-02-12 | | [[Liverpuil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[Marilyn Livingstone]] | | | 1952-09-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | [[Marlyn Glen]] | | [[File:Marlyn-Glen.jpg|center|100px]] | 1951-09-30 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | [[Elaine Murray]] | | [[File:ElaineMurrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1954-12-22 | | [[Hitchin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | [[Tavish Scott]] | | [[File:Tavish Scott MSP at Bournemouth.jpg|center|100px]] | 1966-05-06 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | [[Karen Whitefield]] | | [[File:KarenWhitefield.jpg|center|100px]] | 1970-01-08 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | [[Nora Radcliffe]] | | | 1946-03-04 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | [[Patricia Ferguson]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Patricia Ferguson MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | 1958-09-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | [[Trish Godman]] | | | 1939-10-31 | 2019-07-21 | [[Gouan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | [[Paul Martin]] | | [[File:PaulMartinMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | 1967-03-17 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[Pauline McNeill]] | | [[File:Pauline McNeill.jpg|center|100px]] | 1962-09-12 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | [[Peter Peacock]] | | [[File:Peter Peacock.jpg|center|100px]] | 1952-05-27 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | [[Richard Baker]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Richard Baker MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | 1974-05-29 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | [[Robert Brown]] | | [[File:Robert Brown (Scottish Government).jpg|center|100px]] | 1947-12-25 | | [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | [[Ross Finnie]] | | [[File:Ross Finnie.jpg|center|100px]] | 1947-02-11 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[Sylvia Jackson]] | | | 1946-12-03 | 2022-07-27 | [[Lincolnshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | [[Ted Brocklebank]] | | | 1942-09-24 | | [[St Aundraes]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | [[Michael McMahon]] | | [[File:MichaelMcMahon5715448629 0404153e04 o.jpg|center|100px]] | 1961-09-18 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | [[Alex Johnstone]] | | [[File:AlexJohnstoneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1961-07-31 | 2016-12-07 | [[Steenhive|Stanehyve]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | [[Allan Wilson]] | | [[File:Allan Wilson.jpg|center|100px]] | 1954-08-05 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | [[Hugh Henry]] | | [[File:HughHenryMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1952-02-12 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | [[Nanette Milne]] | | [[File:NanetteMilneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | 1942-04-27 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | [[Tom McCabe]] | | [[File:Tom McCabe.jpg|center|100px]] | 1954-04-28 | 2015-04-19 | [[Hamiltoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | [[Ian McKee]] | | | 1940-04-02 | | [[South Shields]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | [[Liz Smith]] | | [[File:ElizabethSmithMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | 1960-02-27 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | [[Claire Baker]] | | [[File:ClaireBakerMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1971-03-04 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | [[Rhoda Grant]] | | [[File:RhodaGrantMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | 1963-06-26 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | [[Mike Rumbles]] | | [[File:Mike Rumbles.jpg|center|100px]] | 1956-06-10 | | [[South Shields]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | [[Frank McAveety]] | | [[File:Frank McAveety MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1962-07-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | [[George Foulkes, Baron Foulkes of Cumnock]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Foulkes of Cumnock crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]] | 1942-01-21 | | [[Oswestry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | [[Hugh O'Donnell]] | | | 1952-05-01 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | [[Iain Smith]] | | [[File:Iain smith.jpg|center|100px]] | 1960-05-01 | | [[Gateside]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | [[Irene Oldfather]] | | [[File:Irene Oldfather 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | 1954 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | [[Jeremy Purvis]] | | [[File:Lord Purvuis.jpg|center|100px]] | 1974-01-15 | | [[Berrick|Berik]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | [[Karen Gillon]] | | [[File:KarenGillon.jpg|center|100px]] | 1967-08-18 | | [[Jethart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | [[Margaret Smith]] | | [[File:Margaret-SmithMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1961-02-18 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | [[Mike Pringle]] | | | 1945-12-25 | | [[Northern Rhodesia]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | [[Stefan Tymkewycz]] | | | 1959-09-18 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | [[Ben Wallace]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | 1970-05-15 | | [[Farnborough]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | [[Henry McLeish]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Henry McLeish, 2000.jpg|center|100px]] | 1948-06-15 | | [[Methul]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | [[Colin Campbell]] | | | 1938-08-31 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | [[Dorothy-Grace Elder]] | | | 1942-08-11 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | [[David Davidson]] | | | 1943-01-25 | 2024-06-14 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[Dennis Canavan]] | | [[File:EET Scotland’s Economic Future Post-2014.jpg|center|100px]] | 1942-08-08 | | [[Coudenbeith]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | [[Duncan Hamilton]] | | | 1973 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | [[Maureen Macmillan]] | | | 1943-02-09 | | [[Oban]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | [[Elaine Thomson]] | | | 1957 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | [[Euan Robson]] | | [[File:Euan Robson.jpg|center|100px]] | 1954-02-17 | | [[Northren Ingland]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | [[John McAllion]] | | | 1948-02-13 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | [[Lyndsay McIntosh]] | | | 1955 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | [[Gordon Jackson]] | | [[File:GJ losing.JPG|center|100px]] | 1948-08-05 | | [[Ardrussan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | [[Ian Welsh]] | | | 1953-11-23 | | [[Preswick]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[Lloyd Quinan]] | | | 1957 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | [[Alasdair Morrison]] | | | 1968-11-18 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | [[Irene McGugan]] | | | 1952 | | [[Angus]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | [[John Home Robertson]] | | [[File:Johnhomerobertson.jpg|center|100px]] | 1948-12-05 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | [[Kate Maclean]] | | | 1958-02-16 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | [[Kay Ullrich]] | | [[File:Kay Ullrich.jpg|center|100px]] | 1943-05-05 | 2021-01-04 | [[Preswick]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | [[Keith Harding]] | | | 1938-11-21 | 2021-11-15 | [[Chipping Norton]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | [[Keith Raffan]] | | | 1949-06-21 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | [[Margaret Jamieson]] | | | 1953 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | [[Mike Watson, Baron Watson of Invergowrie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Watson of Invergowrie crop 2, 2020.jpg|center|100px]] | 1949-05-01 | | [[Cammuslang]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[Murray Tosh]] | | | 1950-09-01 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | [[Nick Johnston]] | | | 1948-01-05 | | [[Filey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | [[Sam Galbraith]] | | [[File:Sam Galbraith MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1945-10-18 | 2014-08-18 | [[Clitheroe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | [[Andrew Wilson]] | | | 1970 | | [[Lanrik]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | [[Angus MacKay]] | | [[File:Angus MacKay.jpg|center|100px]] | 1964-01 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | [[Ian Jenkins]] | | | 1941 | | [[Rossay]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | [[Brian Fitzpatrick]] | | | 1961 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | [[John Young]] | | | 1930-12-21 | 2011-11-03 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | [[Campbell Martin]] | | | 1960-03-10 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | [[Chris Ballance]] | | [[File:Chris Ballance (13338189044).jpg|center|100px]] | 1952-07-07 | | [[Worcester]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | [[Christine May]] | | | 1948-03-23 | | [[Dublin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | [[Shiona Baird]] | | | 1946-09-14 | | [[Hereford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | [[Dave Petrie]] | | | 1946-12-10 | 2011-08-31 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | [[Rosemary Byrne]] | | | 1948-03-03 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | [[Mark Ballard]] | | [[File:Mark B smart smile.jpg|center|100px]] | 1971-06-27 | | [[Leeds]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | [[Jean Turner]] | | | 1939-12-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | [[Mark Ruskell]] | | [[File:MarkRuskellMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]] | 1972-05-14 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | [[Margaret Burgess]] | | [[File:Margaret Burgess.jpg|center|100px]] | 1949-12-07 | | [[Ayrshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | [[James Dornan]] | | [[File:JamesDornanMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | 1953-03-17 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | [[Joan McAlpine]] | | [[File:JoanMcAlpineMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | 1962-01-28 | | [[Gourock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | [[Angus MacDonald]] | | [[File:AngusMacDonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | 1963-10-11 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | [[Anne McTaggart]] | | [[File:AnneMcTaggartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1970-01-30 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | [[Bill Walker]] | | [[File:BillWalkerMSP20110720.jpg|center|100px]] | 1942-03-31 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | [[Neil Findlay]] | | [[File:NeilFindlayMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | 1969-03-06 | | [[Brocksburn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | [[Roderick Campbell]] | | [[File:RoderickCampbellMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | 1953-06-15 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | [[Colin Keir]] | | [[File:ColinKeirMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | 1959-12-09 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | [[Jayne Baxter]] | | [[File:JayneBaxterMSP20121211.jpg|center|100px]] | 1955-11-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | [[Brian Whittle]] | | [[File:BrianWhittleMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1964-04-26 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | [[Rachael Hamilton]] | | [[File:Rachel Hamilton MSP.png|center|100px]] | 1970-09 | | [[Herefordshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | [[Oliver Mundell]] | | [[File:Oliver Mundell 2016.jpg|center|100px]] | 1989-12-01 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | [[Finlay Carson]] | | [[File:FinlayCarsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1967-10-18 | | [[Twynham, Dumfries an Gallowa|Twynham]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | [[Gordon Lindhurst]] | | [[File:Gordon Lindhurst MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1967-07-02 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | [[Ross Greer]] | | [[File:Ross Greer, October 2022.jpg|center|100px]] | 1994-06-01 | | [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | [[Alexander Burnett]] | | [[File:Alexander Burnett.jpg|center|100px]] | 1973-07-30 | | [[Banchry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | [[Ross Thomson]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Ross Thomson crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | 1987-09-21 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | [[Colin Smyth]] | | [[File:Colin Smyth MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1972 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | [[Kate Forbes]] | | [[File:Deputy First Minister - designate and Cabinet Secretary for Economy and Gaelic - designate, Kate Forbes (53707856301) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | 1990-04-06 | | [[Dingwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | [[Edward Mountain]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Edward Mountain MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1961-03-19 | | [[Moray]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | [[Jamie Greene]] | | [[File:JamieGreeneMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1980-03-19 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | [[Maurice Golden]] | | [[File:MauriceGoldenMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1980-01-12 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | [[Maurice Corry]] | | [[File:MauriceCorryMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1950-06 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | [[Monica Lennon]] | | [[File:MonicaLennonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1981-01 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | [[Alison Harris]] | | [[File:AlisonHarrisMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1965-07-23 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | [[Graham Simpson]] | | [[File:Graham Simpson.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | [[Ash Denham]] | | [[File:Ash Denham MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1974-03-08 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | [[Ben Macpherson]] | | [[File:BenMacphersonMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]] | 1980s | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | [[Ivan McKee]] | | [[File:Ivan McKee MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1963-09 | | [[Milligs Mill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | [[Annie Wells]] | | [[File:AnnieWellsMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1972-02-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | [[Daniel Johnson]] | | [[File:David Johnson MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1977-09-03 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | [[Peter Chapman]] | | [[File:Peter Chapman.jpg|center|100px]] | 1950-05-13 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | [[Miles Briggs]] | | [[File:Miles Briggs.jpg|center|100px]] | 1983-03-30 | | [[Preston (Q184090)|Preston]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | [[Donald Cameron]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Cameron of Lochiel crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | 1976-11-26 | | [[Achnacarry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | [[Liam Kerr]] | | [[File:Liam Kerr MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1975-01-23 | | [[Chester]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | [[Jeremy Balfour]] | | [[File:Jeremy Balfour MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1967-03-11 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | [[Bill Bowman]] | | | 1950-05-30 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | [[Michelle Ballantyne]] | | [[File:MichelleBallantyneMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1962-11-28 | | [[Ashton-under-Lyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | [[Jamie Halcro Johnston]] | | [[File:JamieHalcroJohnstonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1975-10-08 | | [[Oxford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | [[Tom Mason]] | | [[File:Tom Mason MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1942-12-31 | | [[Bishop's Stortford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | [[Beatrice Wishart]] | | [[File:Beatrice Wishart MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1955 | | [[Lerook]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | [[Jackie Dunbar]] | | [[File:Jackie Dunbar MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Peterheid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | [[Marie McNair]] | | [[File:Marie McNair 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | [[Paul McLennan]] | | [[File:Paul McLennan 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | [[Collette Stevenson]] | | [[File:Collette Stevenson 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1969-03-15 | | [[East Kilbride]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | [[Evelyn Tweed]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Evelyn Tweed MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1967 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | [[Natalie Don]] | | [[File:Natalie Don MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1989-02-12 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | [[Gillian Mackay]] | | [[File:Gillian Mackay 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1991 | | [[Fawkirk]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | [[Ariane Burgess]] | | [[File:Ariane Burgess MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | [[Meghan Gallacher]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Meghan Gallacher MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | 1992-01-17 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | [[Pam Duncan-Glancy]] | | [[File:Pam Duncan-Glancy MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1981-11-02 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | [[Craig Hoy]] | | [[File:Craig Hoy 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | [[Douglas Lumsden]] | | [[File:Douglas Lumsden 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1971-08 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | [[Pam Gosal]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Pam Gosal MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | 1972 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | [[Tess White]] | | [[File:Tess White 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1965-02-18 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | [[Carol Mochan]] | | [[File:Carol Mochan MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | [[Màiri McAllan]] | | [[File:Official portrait of net zero secretary Màiri McAllan (cropped 1).jpg|center|100px]] | 1993-02-14 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | [[Davy Russell]] | | [[File:Davy Russell at the Scottish Parliament (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | 1960s | | [[Quarter]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | [[Katy Clark]] | | [[File:Katy Clark MP.jpeg|center|100px]] | 1967-07-03 | | [[Kilwinnin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | [[Foysol Choudhury]] | | [[File:Foysol Choudhury MBE.jpg|center|100px]] | 1969-01-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | [[Michelle Thomson]] | | [[File:Michelle Thomson 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1965-03-11 | | [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | [[Martin Whitfield]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Martin Whitfield crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | 1965 | | [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | [[Jenni Minto]] | | [[File:Jenni Minto 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1968-11 | | [[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | [[Audrey Nicoll]] | | [[File:Audrey Nicoll MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1961 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | [[Jim Fairlie]] | | [[File:Minister for Agriculture and Connectivity - Jim Fairlie.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | [[Stephanie Callaghan]] | | [[File:Stephanie Callaghan MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1971 | | [[Hamiltoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | [[Elena Whitham]] | | [[File:Official 2023 government portrait of Elena Whitham.jpg|center|100px]] | 1974 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | [[Kaukab Stewart]] | | [[File:Kaukab Stewart 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Pakistan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | [[Emma Roddick]] | | [[File:Emma Roddick 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1997-07-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | [[Sandesh Gulhane]] | | | | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | [[Mercedes Villalba]] | | [[File:Mercedes Villalba 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Bristol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | [[Sue Webber]] | | [[File:Sue Webber 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | [[Michael Marra]] | | [[File:Michael Marra 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | 1952-02-17 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | [[Paul O'Kane]] | | [[File:Paul O'Kane 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | [[Karen Adam]] | | [[File:Karen Adam MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | 1975-06-07 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | [[Sharon Dowey]] | | [[File:Sharon Dowey MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Girvan]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} 68kkgpzo656v5x8h08cukeeq7rjpb9u 14 232670 906507 2025-07-10T20:00:57Z 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