Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.22 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4976 914700 881067 2026-04-02T16:24:44Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|42|30|N|19|18|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name =Montenegro <!--#### Do ''not'' change! #####--> | common_name = Montenegro | native_name ={{native name|cg|Црна Гора}}<br/>{{native name|cg|Crna Gora|italics=no}} | image_flag = Flag of Montenegro.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg | national_motto = | national_anthem = <br />''[[Oj, svijetla majska zoro|Ој, свијетла мајска зоро]]''<br />Oj, svijetla majska zoro<br />{{small|''Oh, Bricht Dawn o Mey''}}<br /><center>[[File:National Anthem of Montenegro.ogg]]</center> | image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=Green |region=Europe |region_color=Dark Grey |legend=Europe-Montenegro.svg}} | capital = [[Podgorica]]^a | coordinates = {{Coord|42|47|N|19|28|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Montenegrin leid|Montenegrin]]<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=187544 |title=Constitution of Montenegro |chapter-url=http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=187544#LinkTarget_1506 |chapter=Language and alphabet Article 13 |publisher=[[WIPO]] |date=19 October 2007 |quote=The official language in Montenegro shall be Montenegrin. Cyrillic and Latin alphabet shall be equal.}}</ref> | languages_type = {{nobold|Ither leids<br />in offeecial use}}<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=187544 |title=Constitution of Montenegro |chapter-url=http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=187544#LinkTarget_1506 |chapter=Language and alphabet Article 13 |publisher=[[WIPO]] |date=19 October 2007 |quote= Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian shall also be in the official use.}}</ref> | languages = {{unbulleted list | [[Serbie leid|Serbie]] | [[Bosnie leid|Bosnie]] | [[Albanie leid|Albanie]] | [[Croatie leid|Croatien]] }} | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 44.6% [[Montenegrins (ethnic group)|Montenegrins]] | 28.7% [[Serbs o Montenegro|Serbs]] | 8.6% [[Bosniaks o Montenegro|Bosniaks]] | 4.9% [[Albanies in Montenegro|Albanians]] | 0.9% [[Croats o Montenegro|Croats]] | 13.5% Others }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2011<ref name=Monstat>{{cite web |url=http://www.monstat.org/userfiles/file/popis2011/saopstenje/saopstenje(1).pdf |title= Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2011 |publisher=Monstat |accessdate=12 July 2011}}</ref> | demonym = Montenegrin | government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Dominant-pairty seestem|dominant-pairty]] [[pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentary]] [[republic|constitutional republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Preses o Montenegro|Preses]] | leader_name1 = [[Jakov Milatović]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Montenegro|Prime Meenister]] | leader_name2 = [[Dritan Abazović]] | legislature = [[Pairlament o Montenegro|Skupština]] | sovereignty_type = Events | established_event1 = Formation o [[Duklja]] as a vassal o [[Byzantine Empire]] | established_date1 = 625{{dubious|date=August 2017}} | established_event2 = [[Duklja]] gains unthirldom frae the Byzantine Empire | established_date2 = 1042 | established_event3 = [[Kinrick o Zeta]] proclaimed | established_date3 = 1373 | established_event4 = [[Prince-Bishopric o Montenegro]] foondit | established_date4 = 1696 | established_event5 = [[Principality o Montenegro|Principality]] | established_date5 = 1 Januar 1852 | established_event6 = [[Kinrick o Montenegro|Kinrick]] | established_date6 = 28 August 1910 | established_event7= Formation o [[Kinrick o Yugoslavie|Yugoslavie]] | established_date7 = 1 December 1918 | established_event8 = [[Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006|Unthirldom regained]] | established_date8 = 3 Juin 2006 | area_rank = 156t | area_sq_mi = 5,332 | percent_water = 1.5 | population_estimate = 622,387<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.monstat.org/userfiles/file/demografija/procjene%20stanovnistva/2016/Saopstenje%202016(1).pdf|title=Procjene stanovništva i osnovni demografski pokazatelji 2016. godina|website=Monstat.org|accessdate=31 January 2018}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | population_census = 625,883 | population_estimate_year = 2016 | population_estimate_rank = 164t | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 45 | population_density_sq_mi = 116 | population_density_rank = 121st | GDP_PPP = $11.381&nbsp;billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=85&pr1.y=5&c=943&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Montenegro |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=23 January 2018}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $18,261<ref name=imf2 /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 74t | GDP_nominal = $4.751&nbsp;billion<ref name=imf2 /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,623<ref name=imf2 /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 60t | Gini =26.2 | Gini_year =2013 | Gini_change =+1.9 syne 2010 | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2172rank.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|publisher=|access-date=2018-02-09|archive-date=2011-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604005151/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2007/06/12/afx3810988.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank =9th= | HDI = 0.807 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2014 Human Development Report |date=2015 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> | HDI_rank = 49th | currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]])^b | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | utc_offset_DST = +2 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Montenegro|+382]] | cctld = [[.me]] | footnote_a = [[Constitution o Montenegro|Constitution]] names '''[[Cetinje]]''' as the Auld Ryal Caipital (''prijestonica'') o Montenegro. | footnote_b = [[Montenegro an the euro|Adopted unilaterally]]; Montenegro is nae a formal member o the [[Eurozone]]. | area_magnitude = 1 E10 | country_code = }} [[Image:Montenegro municipalities.png|thumb|250px|right]] '''Montenegro''' ([[Montenegrin leid|Montenegrin]]: ''Црна Гора'' or ''Crna Gora'') is a kintra in Sooth-Eastren [[Europe]]. It haes a coast tae the sooth on the [[Adriatic Sea]]. It is laund mairched wi [[Croatie]] tae the Wast, [[Bosnie an Herzegovinae]] tae the North-Wast, [[Serbie]] tae the North-East an wi [[Albanie]] tae the Sooth-East. Its caipital city is [[Podgorica]]. It wis independent frae the meedle ages tae 1918 whan it wis than pairt o aw the different states o the auld [[Yugoslavie]]. It syne gaed intae a state union wi [[Serbie]] for tae mak the kintra o [[Serbie an Montenegro]]. Syne Juin 2006 it haes been a kintra in its ain richt. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Montenegro| ]] [[Category:Balkan kintras]] [[Category:Member states o NATO]] [[Category:Member states o the Cooncil o Europe]] [[Category:Member states o the Union for the Mediterranean]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] [[Category:States an territories established in 2006]] [[Category:Slavic kintras an territories]] [[Category:Serbie-speakin kintras an territories]] {{Stub/Europe}} pv5e2b617zts8xdbb35qiu2531fwkga 0 6875 914731 910908 2026-04-03T05:34:03Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914731 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Apostol-Andrey-Pervozvannyj.jpg|thumb|Saunt Andra]] '''St Andra's Day''' ([[Scots Gaelic]] Là Naomh Anndrais<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.faclair.com/ViewEntry.aspx?ID=E44F7AC7C9BBB1B5982227CF06D717FC|title=0B1B2CCACB074A26C1AACFFFC531C757|website=Am Faclair Beag}}</ref>/Latha Naomh Anndra) is the feast day o [[Saunt Andra]] an is celebrate on 30t November ilka yeir.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-11-15|title=See the other countries and cities St Andrew is the patron saint of|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/23951137.st-andrews-day-countries-saint-andrew-patron-saint/|access-date=2024-12-04|website=The Herald|language=en}}</ref> Saunt Andra wis yin o [[Jesus Christ|Jesus Christ']]<nowiki/>s first disypils an is the [[patron saunt]] o [[Scotland]], syne 1320,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-11-15|title=See the other countries and cities St Andrew is the patron saint of|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/23951137.st-andrews-day-countries-saint-andrew-patron-saint/|access-date=2024-12-04|website=The Herald|language=en}}</ref> an St Andra's Day is Scotland's offeicial naitional day. In 2006, the [[Scots Pairlament]] waled ti mak the day a Bank Haliday.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-11-26|title=What St Andrew’s Day is and why Scotland gets a bank holiday|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/st-andrews-day-2021-when-date-why-scotland-bank-holiday-1322218|access-date=2022-01-17|website=inews.co.uk|language=en}}</ref> Syn 2002, St Andra's Day haes been Scotland's offeicial banner day anaw,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lawson|first=John Parker|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/History_of_the_Abbey_and_Palace_of_Holyr/qh4NAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=battle+athelstaneford+Andrew&pg=PA169&printsec=frontcover|title=History of the Abbey and Palace of Holyroodhouse|date=1848|publisher=H. Courtoy|year=1848|pages=169|language=en}}</ref> the [[Banner o Scotland|Saltire Banner]]. It in the form o the cross o Saunt Andra, as he wis [[Mairtyr|mairtyred]] but evitit bein seen as awnin aqualness tae Jesus an sae chase tae dee oan a saltire (X-shapit ruid).<ref>{{Citation|title=II|date=1964-12-31|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783112725498-002|work=Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Bericht für das Jahr 1963/64|pages=columns 821-847|publisher=De Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-272549-8|access-date=2024-11-25|translator-last=James|translator-first=M.R.}}</ref> The Saltire wul flee frae aw [[Scots Govrenment]] biggins wi a bannerpaul. Houme'er, [[Unitit Kinrick]] Govrenment biggins in Scotland wul flee the Union Banner, an anerlie flee the Saltire Banner gin thar is mair nor the ae bannerpul.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Editor|first=Marie Wolf, Whitehall|title=Scottish public buildings allowed to fly the Saltire whenever they want|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/scottish-public-buildings-allowed-to-fly-the-saltire-whenever-they-want-f7bmw2jgr22|access-date=2022-01-17|issn=0140-0460}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Westminster asks for every UK Government building to fly Union flag every day|url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19184912.westminster-asks-every-uk-government-fly-union-flag-every-day/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=The National|language=en}}</ref> ==In ithir kintras== The 30t November has been a national holiday in [[Roumainie]] syne 2015. The apostle Andra is the patron saint o [[Cyprus]], Scotland, [[Greece]] (The ceetie o Patras wis whaur he dee'd), Roumainie, [[Roushie]], [[Ukraine]], the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate o Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]], San Andres Island ([[Colombie]]), Saunt Andra ([[Barbados]]) and [[Tenerife]] ([[Spainie]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=St Andrew's Day Tales and Traditions {{!}} Scotland.org|url=https://www.scotland.org/features/st-andrews-day-tales-and-traditions|access-date=2022-01-17|website=Scotland|language=en|archive-date=2022-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117194923/https://www.scotland.org/features/st-andrews-day-tales-and-traditions|url-status=dead}}</ref> In [[Germany]], the feast day hauds as ''Andreasnacht'' ("St Andra's Nicht"), in [[Austrick|Austrik]] wi the custom of ''Andreasgebet'' ("St Andra's Prayer"), an in [[Poland]] as ''Andrzejki'' ("Andra's"). In pairts o thir kintras – alangsyd the [[Czech Republic|Czechie]], [[Slovakie]] an [[Romanie]] – the nicht afore St Andra's Day is seen as bein guid for lassies prattikin weirderie for ti finnd oot wha wul be thair guidman. Ae haunt is for the lassie ti horse a widden shae ower hir shouder. Gin it launds pyntin towarts the dure, it meins she wul be waddit that yeir. Ither lassies wul pour meltit leid intil a bowl o wattir - the thinkin bein that the leid wul furm intil a shape connectit ti hir futur guidman's perfaision. In sum pairts o Czechie an Slovakie, yung lassies wad write doun the names o potential guidmen on wee bits o paper an stik thir inti wee bits o daich, cried ''Halusky''. Whan kuikit, the first ane ti flotter til the surfass o the wattir wad kyth the name o thair futur guidman. St Andra is the naitional saunt o Romanians an the Romanian Orthodox Kirk anaw.<ref>[http://www.desprecopii.com/info.asp?id=544 Sfantul Andrei - Sarbatoare romaneasca] - autor: Desprecopii.com</ref> In Romanie, it is the haunt for yung lassies ti pit 41 pikkils o wheat anaith thair pilla afore thay gang ti sleep, an gin thay dreim that oniebodie is cumin ti theif thair pikkils that meins that thay ar gaun ti git waddit neist yeir. In sum ither pairts o the kintra the lassies licht a caunil frae the [[Pace]] an bring it, at midnicht, til a funtin. Thay frain St Andra ti lat thaim glisk thair futur guidman. [[File:Siemiradzki Noc-Andrzeja 1867.jpg|left|thumb|Fortune tellin oan St Andra's eve bi Henryk Siemiradzski 1867]] St Andra's Day is celebrate as the naitional day o [[Unthirldom]] in [[Barbados]]. As the patron saunt o Barbados, St Andra hauds in a nummer o Barbadian simbols lik the cross on the Coat o Airms, an the state's naitional honors seistim, that styls fowk as Knichts or Dames o St Andra. St Andra is forby the patron saunt o fishers.<ref name=":1" /> ==Referenses== {{Commons|Category:Andrew Day}} <references/> ==Fremmit airtins== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20011202104923/http://www.geocities.com/traditions_uk/andrew.html/ Page anent St. Andra's Day] *[http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/bills/41-stAndrew/index.htm/ Scots Pairliament page anent the St. Andra's Day Bank Holiday Bill] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203015809/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/bills/41-stAndrew/index.htm |date=2007-12-03 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Andras Day}} [[Category:Andra the Apostle]] [[Category:Catholic haly days]] [[Category:Scots cultur]] [[Category:Halidays in Scotland]] [[Category:Fowk calendar o the East Slavs]] [[Category:Naitional days]] [[Category:November observances]] [[Category:Saunts days]] [[Category:Autumn events in Scotland]] [[Category:Autumn holidays (Northren Hemisphere)]] [[Category:Ware holidays (Soothren Hemisphere)]] {{Stub/Scotland}} {{Stub/Kirk}} {{Stub/Haliday}} jjhfehmduyt7leuql2ls4sxxucmegtt 0 9056 914697 914519 2026-04-02T15:42:11Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = | caption = Jackson performin in 1993 | birth_name = Michael Joseph Jackson | alias = Michael Joe Jackson<!-- Legal aliases only. This is not a field for nicknames.--> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1958|8|29}} | birth_place = [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], [[Indiana]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2009|6|25|1958|8|29}} | death_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S. | death_cause = [[Cardiac arrest]] induced bi [[propofol]] an [[benzodiazepine]] intoxication | resting_place = [[Glendale, Californie|Glendale]], Californie, U.S. | occupation = <!--Please do not add any more occupations to the list, it is long enough already-->{{hlist|Sangster|sangwriter|dancer|actor|record producer|businessman|philanthropist}} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Lisa Marie Presley]]<br/>|1994|1996|end=divorced}}<br/>{{marriage|[[Debbie Rowe]]<br/>|1996|1999|end=divorced}} | children = 3 | parents = {{unbulleted list|[[Joe Jackson (manager)|Joe Jackson]]|[[Katherine Jackson]]}} | relatives = See [[Jackson faimily]] | website = {{url|michaeljackson.com}} | signature = Michael_Jackson_signature.svg | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | instrument = <!--If you think an instrument should be listed, a discussion to reach consensus is needed first-->Vocals | background = solo_singer | genre = <!--These music genres are all sourced under the section #Musical themes and genres-->{{hlist|[[Pop muisic|Pop]]|[[Soul muisic|soul]]|[[rhythm an blues]]|[[funk]]|[[Rock muisic|rock]]|[[disco]]|[[post-disco]]|[[dance-pop]]|[[new jack swing]]}} | years_active = 1964–2009 | label = {{hlist|[[Steeltown Records|Steeltown]]|[[Motown]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Legacy Recordings|Legacy]]|[[Sony Music|Sony]]|[[MJJ Music|MJJ Productions]]}} | associated_acts = [[The Jackson 5]] }} }} '''Michael Joseph Jackson'''<ref>County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services (2009). [[:File:Michael Jackson death certificate.jpg|Michael Jackson death certificate]].</ref><ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|first= Steve |last= Huey |title= Michael Jackson – Artist Biography |url= http://www.allmusic.com/artist/michael-jackson-mn0000467203/biography |publisher= [[AllMusic]]. [[All Media Network]] |accessdate= May 31, 2015}}</ref> (August 29, 1958 – Juin 25, 2009) wis an American sangster, sangwriter, record producer, dancer, actor, an philanthropist.<ref>{{cite news|first= Tina |last= Daunt |title= Michael Jackson's generous legacy |newspaper= [[Los Angeles Times]] |date= July 8, 2009 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jul/08/entertainment/et-cause8}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Michael Jackson honoured for humanitarian efforts in Austria |newspaper= [[The Economic Times]] |date= July 25, 2009 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/michael-jackson-honoured-for-humanitarian-efforts-in-austria/articleshow/4819579.cms?from=mdr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= Ice Pick Slim 17 |title= Remembering Michael Jackson: The Global Humanitarian |website= Hip-Hop Wired |date= June 25, 2011 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |url= http://hiphopwired.com/2011/06/25/remembering-michael-jackson-the-global-humanitarian/}}</ref> Cried the "[[Honoureefic nicknames in popular muisic|Keeng o Pop]]",<ref name="LJ3">Lewis Jones, 2005, p. 3 : "He wears the crown as the King Of Pop because no artist has broken his record of selling nearly 60 million copies of a single Album (Thriller)".</ref><ref name="Arar">{{cite news|first= Yardena |last= Arar |date= February 29, 1984 |title= Michael Jackson coronated latest king of rock 'n' roll |newspaper= [[Boca Raton News]] |page= 7A}}</ref><ref name="SBee">{{cite news|title= Is the thrill gone for singer Michael Jackson? |newspaper= [[Sacramento Bee]] |date= July 27, 1987 |page= B3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Michael Jackson: 10 Achievements That Made Him The King Of Pop |date= June 24, 2014 |accessdate= October 20, 2016 |publisher= Grammy.com |url= http://www.grammy.com/blogs/michael-jackson-10-achievements-that-made-him-the-king-of-pop}}</ref> his contreibutions tae muisic, dance, an fashion<ref>{{cite news|first= Kasmin |last= Fernandes |title= Why Michael Jackson was a style icon |newspaper= [[The Times of India]] |date= June 25, 2014 |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/style-guide/Why-Michael-Jackson-was-a-style-icon/articleshow/37175580.cms?from=mdr}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|first= Don |last= Lemon |title= Michael Jackson's style influence lives on |agency= [[CNN]] |date= June 23, 2010 |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/06/23/michael.jackson.fashion/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first= Jocelyn |last= Vena |title= Michael Jackson's Style Legacy, From Military Jackets To One Glove |date= June 26, 2009 |publisher= MTV |accessdate= March 11, 2016 |url= http://www.mtv.com/news/1614819/michael-jacksons-style-legacy-from-military-jackets-to-one-glove/ |archive-date= 2019-09-30 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190930205643/http://www.mtv.com/news/1614819/michael-jacksons-style-legacy-from-military-jackets-to-one-glove/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> alang wi his publicised personal life made him a global feegur in [[popular cultur]] for ower fower decades. The aicht bairn o the [[Jackson faimily]], Michael made his professional debut in 1964 wi his elder brithers [[Jackie Jackson|Jackie]], [[Tito Jackson|Tito]], [[Jermaine Jackson|Jermaine]], an [[Marlon Jackson|Marlon]] as a member o the [[the Jackson 5|Jackson 5]]. He began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson acame a dominant feegur in popular muisic. His [[muisic video]]s, includin thae o "[[Beat It]]", "[[Billie Jean]]", an "[[Thriller (sang)|Thriller]]" frae his 1982 album ''[[Thriller (Michael Jackson album)|Thriller]]'', are creditit wi breakin racial barriers an transformin the medium intae an airt form an promotional tuil. The popularity o thir videos helped bring the telly channel [[MTV]] tae fame. Jackson's 1987 album ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' spawned the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] nummer-ane singles "[[I Just Can't Stop Loving You]]", "[[Bad (Michael Jackson sang)|Bad]]", "[[The Way You Make Me Feel]]", "[[Man in the Mirror]]", an "[[Dirty Diana]]", acomin the first album tae hae five nummer-ane singles on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. He continued tae innovate wi videos sic as "[[Black or White]]" an "[[Scream/Childhood|Scream]]" throuoot the 1990s, an forged a reputation as a tourin solo airtist. Throu stage an video performances, Jackson popularised a nummer o complicatit dance techniques, sic as the [[robot (dance)|robot]] an the [[muinwalk (dance)|muinwalk]], tae which he gae the name. His distinctive soond an style haes influenced [[Leet o airtists influenced bi Michael Jackson|numerous airtists]] o various muisic genres. ''Thriller'' is the [[Leet o best-sellin albums|best-sellin album o aw time]], wi estimatit sales o 65 million copies warldwide. Jackson's ither albums, includin ''[[Off the Wall]]'' (1979), ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]'' (1987), ''[[Dangerous (Michael Jackson album)|Dangerous]]'' (1991), an ''[[HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I|HIStory]]'' (1995), an aa rank amang the warld's best-sellin albums. He is recognised as the "Most Successful Entertainer of All Time" bi ''[[Guinness World Records]]''.<ref name="CityNews">{{cite news |title= Michael Jackson Named Most Successful Entertainer Of All Time |url= http://www.citynews.ca/2006/11/15/michael-jackson-named-most-successful-entertainer-of-all-time/ |work= [[CityNews]] |date= November 15, 2006 |accessdate= May 31, 2015 |archive-date= 2016-04-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160429090029/http://www.citynews.ca/2006/11/15/michael-jackson-named-most-successful-entertainer-of-all-time/ |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="Ditzian">{{cite news |first= Eric |last= Ditzian |title= Michael Jackson's Groundbreaking Career, By The Numbers |publisher= MTV |date= June 26, 2009 |accessdate= March 2, 2016 |url= http://www.mtv.com/news/1614815/michael-jacksons-groundbreaking-career-by-the-numbers/ |archive-date= 2021-05-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210505230313/https://www.mtv.com/news/1614815/michael-jacksons-groundbreaking-career-by-the-numbers/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> Jackson is ane o the few airtists tae hae been inductit intae the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] twace, an wis an aa inductit intae the Songwriters Hall of Fame an the Dance Hall of Fame as the anerly dancer frae pop an rock muisic. His [[Records an achievements o Michael Jackson|ither achievements]] include multiple ''Guinness World Records'', 13 [[Grammy Award]]s, the [[Grammy Leegend Awaird]], the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]], 26 [[American Music Awards]]—mair nor ony ither airtist—includin the "Artist of the Century" an "Artist of the 1980s", 13 [[Leet o airtists bi nummer o Billboard Hot 100 nummer-ane singles|nummer-ane singles in the Unitit States]] during his solo career—mair nor ony ither male airtist in the [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]] era—an estimatit sales o ower 350 million records warldwide.{{ref label|Note 1|Note 1}} Jackson wan [[Leet o awairds an nominations received bi Michael Jackson|hunders o awairds]], makin him the maist awairdit recordin airtist in the history o popular muisic.<ref>{{cite news|first= Monica |last= Lewis |date= June 14, 2007 |title= 20 People Who Changed Black Music: Michael Jackson, the Child Star-Turned-Adult Enigma |url= http://www.miamiherald.com/2007/06/14/139458/20-people-who-changed-black-music.html |newspaper= [[The Miami Herald]] |accessdate= March 16, 2013}}</ref> He acame the first airtist in history tae hae a tap ten single in the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 in five different decades when "[[Love Never Felt So Good]]" reached nummer nine on Mey 21, 2014.<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Gary |last= Trust |date= May 21, 2014 |title= Michael Jackson, Coldplay Hit Hot 100's Top 10; John Legend Still No. 1 |magazine= [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url= http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6092276/michael-jackson-coldplay-hot-100-top-10-john-legend-no-1 |accessdate= May 23, 2014}}</ref> Jackson traveled the warld attendin events honourin his humanitarianism, an, in 2000, the ''Guinness World Records'' recognised him for supportin 39 charities, mair nor ony ither enterteener.<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Maureen |last= Orth |date= April 2003 |title= Losing His Grip |magazine= [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |url= http://www.vanityfair.com/fame/features/2003/04/orth200304 |archivedate= March 6, 2008 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080306064036/http://www.vanityfair.com/fame/features/2003/04/orth200304}}</ref> Aspects o Jackson's personal life, includin his chyngin [[Michael Jackson's heal an appearance|appearance]], [[Personal relationships o Michael Jackson|personal relationships]], an behaviour, generatit controversy. In 1993, he wis [[1993 bairn sexual abuiss accusations against Michael Jackson|accused o bairn sexual abuiss]], but the ceevil case wis settled oot o coort for an undisclosed amoont an na formal chairges war brocht.<ref>{{cite press release|first= Josh |last= Mankiewicz|date= September 3, 2004 |url= http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5906855/ns/dateline_nbc-newsmakers/t/new-details-about-jackson-case/ |title= New details about 1993 Jackson case |agency= [[NBC News]]}}</ref> In 2005, he wis [[Trial o Michael Jackson|tried an acquittit]] o faur bairn sexual abuiss allegations an several ither chairges efter the juiry foond him nae guilty on aw coonts. While preparin for his comeback concert series, ''[[This Is It (concerts)|This Is It]]'', Jackson [[Daith o Michael Jackson|dee'd]] o acute [[propofol]] an [[benzodiazepine]] intoxication on Juin 25, 2009, efter sufferin frae cardiac reest. The [[Los Angeles Coonty Depairtment o Medical Examiner-Coroner|Los Angeles Coonty Coroner]] ruled his daith a homicide, an his personal pheesician, [[California v. Murray|Conrad Murray, wis convicted]] o [[involuntary manslauchter]]. Jackson's daith triggered a global ootpourin o grief, an a live broadcast o his [[Michael Jackson memorial service|public memorial service]] wis viewed aroond the warld.<ref>{{cite press release |title= Hazarika's funeral creates world record |url= http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5592621 |agency= [[MSN News]] |date= November 15, 2011 |accessdate= May 31, 2015 |archive-date= 2014-08-07 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140807110046/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5592621 |url-status= dead }}</ref> ''[[Forbes]]'' ranks Jackson as the tap-earnin deid celebrity wi earnins o $825 million in 2016, the heichest yearly amoont ever recordit bi the publication.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite magazine|first= Zack O'Malley |last= Greenburg |authorlink= Zack O'Malley Greenburg |title= Michael Jackson's Earnings: $825 Million In 2016 |magazine= Forbes |date= October 14, 2016 |accessdate= November 23, 2016 |url= http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2016/10/14/michael-jacksons-earnings-825-million-in-2016/}}</ref> == Albums == * Got to Be There (1972) * Ben (1972) * Music & Me (1973) * Forever, Michael (1975) * Off the Wall (1979) * Thriller (1982) * Bad (1987) * Dangerous (1991) * HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995) * Invincible (2001) ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, Michael}} [[Category:Michael Jackson]] [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:2009 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century American sangsters]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in Californie]] [[Category:African-American choreographers]] [[Category:African-American male dancers]] [[Category:African-American male sangsters]] [[Category:African-American record producers]] [[Category:African-American rock sangsters]] [[Category:African-American sangwriters]] [[Category:American beatboxers]] [[Category:American dance muisickers]] [[Category:American disco muisickers]] [[Category:American expatriates in Ireland]] [[Category:American funk sangsters]] [[Category:American humanitarians]] [[Category:American male dancers]] [[Category:American male pop sangsters]] [[Category:American male sangsters]] [[Category:American manslauchter victims]] [[Category:American multi-instrumentalists]] [[Category:American record producers]] [[Category:American rhythm an blues sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangsters]] [[Category:American rock sangwriters]] [[Category:American male sangwriters]] [[Category:American sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American soul sangsters]] [[Category:American tenors]] [[Category:Boy sopranos]] [[Category:Brit Award winners]] [[Category:Buirials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]] [[Category:Bairn pop muisickers]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in Californie]] [[Category:Epic Records airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Grammy Leegend Awaird]] [[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awaird winners]] [[Category:History o Gary, Indiana]] [[Category:Jackson faimily (shaw business)]] [[Category:Motown airtists]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Gary, Indiana]] [[Category:National Museum of Dance Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Fowk acquittit o sex crimes]] [[Category:Fowk frae Santa Barbara Coonty, Californie]] [[Category:Fowk wi lupus]] [[Category:Post-disco muisickers]] [[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Sangsters frae Californie]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Californie]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Indiana]] [[Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:The Jackson 5 members]] [[Category:Fowk wi Vitiligo]] [[Category:World Music Awards winners]] [[Category:Writers frae Gary, Indiana]] {{Stub/USMuisician}} mw51wtadpuecy0shudguof12n06g1ky 0 12895 914743 904991 2026-04-03T08:31:37Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=October 2020}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Tunis | official_name = Ceety o Tunis | native_name = <span style="line-height:130%;font-size:90%">{{lang|ar|تونس}}</span> | native_name_lang = ar | settlement_type = Ceety | image_skyline = AvenueHabibBourguibaTunis.JPG | image_alt = View o Tunis | image_caption = Central esplanade o the Avenue Habib Bourguiba. | image_flag = Flag commune of Tunis.SVG | flag_alt = Flag o Tunis | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = Coat o airms o Tunis | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Tunisia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|36|48|N|10|11|E|display=inline}} | subdivision_type = [[Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tunisie}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Govrenorates o Tunisie|Govrenorate]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Tunis Govrenorate|Tunis]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Seifallah Lasram | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 212.63 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name="ins"/> | population_total =1 056 247<ref name="ins">[http://rgph2014.ins.tn/fr/resultats Recensement de 2014 (Institut national de la statistique)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029170649/http://rgph2014.ins.tn/fr/resultats |date=2014-10-29 }}</ref> | population_as_of = 2014 | population_demonym = ''Tunisois''<br />({{lang-aeb|تونسي, Tounsi}}) | population_note = | population_urban = 2 294 547 | population_metro = 2 643 695 | population_density_km2 = 9406.01 | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = 1000 | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = {{ URL | http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn }} | footnotes = }} '''Tunis''' ({{lang-ar|<big>تونس</big>}}, ''Tūnis'') is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an lairgest ceety o [[Tunisie]] an an' a' the [[Tunis Govrenorate]], wi a population o 1,200,000 in 2008 an ower 3,980,500 in the greater Tunis aurie. Situatit on a lairge [[Mediterranean Sea]] gulf (the [[Gulf o Tunis]]), ahint the [[Lake o Tunis]] an the port o [[La Goulette]] (Halq al Wadi), the ceety extends alang the coastal plain an the hills that surroond it. At the centre o mair modren development (colonial era an efter) lies the auld [[Medina quarter|medina]]. ayont this section lie the suburbs o [[Carthage]], La Marsa, an Sidi Bou Said. The medina is foond at the centre o the ceety: a dense agglomeration o alleys an covered passages, full o intense scents an colours, boisterous an active tred, a surfeit o guids on affer rangin frae [[laither]] tae [[plastic]], [[tin]] tae the finest [[filigree]], tourist souvenirs tae the wirks o tiny crafts shops. Juist throu the Sea Gate (cried the ''Bab el Bahr'' an the ''Porte de France'' an aa) begins the modren ceety, or Ville Nouvelle, transversed bi the grand Avenue Habib Bourguiba (aften referred tae bi popular press an traivel guides as "the Tunisian [[Champs-Élysées]]"), whaur the colonial-era buildings provide a clear contrast tae smawer, aulder structures. As the caipital ceety o the kintra, Tunis is the centre o Tunisian commercial activity, as well as the focus o poleetical an administrative life in the kintra. The expansion o the Tunisian economy in the last decades is reflectit in the boomin development o the ooter ceety whaur ane can see clearly the social challenges brocht aboot bi rapid modrenisation in Tunisie. == Etymology == ''Tunis'' is the transcription o the [[Arabic leid|Arabic]] name ''تونس'' which can be pronoonced as "Tūnus‎", "Tūnas", or "Tūnis". Aw three variations wur mentioned bi the Arab geographer [[Yaqut al-Hamawi|al-Rumi Yaqout]] in his ''[[Mu'jam Al-Buldan|Mu'jam al-Bûldan]]'' (''Dictionary o Kintras''). Different explanations exist for the oreegin o the name ''Tunis''. Some scholars relate it tae the Phoenician goddess ''[[Tanit]]h'' ('Tanit or Tanut), as mony auncient ceeties wur named efter patron deities.<ref name="adrian"> {{cite book | last = Room | first = Adrian | title = Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites | url = https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl02edroom | publisher = McFarland | year = 2006 | page = [https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl02edroom/page/385 385] | isbn = 0786422483 }} </ref><ref> {{cite book | last = Taylor | first = Isaac | title = Names and Their Histories: A Handbook of Historical Geography and Topographical Nomenclature | publisher = BiblioBazaar, LLC | year = 2008 | page = 281 | isbn = 0559296681 }} </ref> Some Arab scholars proposed that the name derives frae Arabic roots or identified it wi the oreeginal toun o ''Tarshish''.<ref name="ej-brill"> {{cite book | last = Houtsma | first = Martijn Theodoor | title = E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936 | publisher = Brill | year = 1987 | page = 838 | isbn = 9004082654 }} </ref> Ithers claim that it oreeginatit frae ''Tynes'', which wis mentioned bi Diodoros an Polybius in the course o descriptions resemblin present-day Al-Kasba; ane o Tunis's suburbs.<ref name="ej-brill"/><ref name="hann-war"> {{cite book | authors = Livy, John Yardley, Dexter Hoyos | title = Hannibal's War: Books Twenty-one to Thirty | url = https://archive.org/details/hannibalswarbook00livy | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2006 | page = [https://archive.org/details/hannibalswarbook00livy/page/n753 705] | isbn = 0192831593 }} </ref> Anither possibility is that it wis derived frae the [[Berber leids|Berber]] verbal ruit ''ens'' which means "tae lie doun" or "tae pass the nicht".<ref name="peter-ross"> {{cite book | first1 = Peter M. | last1 = Rossi | first2 = Wayne Edward | last2 = White | title = Articles on the Middle East, 1947-1971: A Cumulation of the Bibliographies from the Middle East Journal | publisher = Pierian Press, [[University of Michigan]] | year = 1980 | page = 132 }} </ref> Gien the variations o the precise meanin ower time an space, the term ''Tunis'' can possibly mean "camp at nicht", "camp", or "stop". Thare are forby some mentions in auncient Roman soorces o sic names o nearbi touns as ''Tuniza'' (currently [[El Kala]]), ''Thunusuda'' (currently [[Sidi Meskine]]), ''Thinissut'' (currently [[Bouregba Bir]]), and ''Thunisa'' (currently [[Ras Jebel]]). As aw o thir Berber villages wur situatit on Roman roads, thay undoubtitly served as a rest-stations or stops.<ref name="Sebag54">Paul Sebag, ''Tunis. Histoire d’une ville'', éd. L’Harmattan, 1998, p. 54</ref> ==History== {{Main|History o Tunis}} == Climate == [[File:Port circulaire laurier rose.jpg|thumb|right|Umwhile Carthaginian port]] [[File:Golfe de Tunis et port de Sidi Bou Saïd.jpg|thumb|left|Tunis bay]] Tunis haes a warm-simmer [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Koppen climate classification]] ''Csa''),<ref>http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pics/kottek_et_al_2006.gif</ref> characterized bi a het an dry saison an a cuil an rainy saison. The local climate is forby affectit somewha bi the latitude o the ceety, the moderatin influence o the Mediterranean an the terrain o the hills. {{Weather box |location = Tunis |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 25.2 |Feb record high C = 29.8 |Mar record high C = 35.2 |Apr record high C = 33.0 |May record high C = 39.0 |Jun record high C = 45.2 |Jul record high C = 46.7 |Aug record high C = 46.8 |Sep record high C = 44.4 |Oct record high C = 36.9 |Nov record high C = 31.6 |Dec record high C = 25.9 |Jan high C = 15.7 |Feb high C = 16.5 |Mar high C = 18.1 |Apr high C = 20.7 |May high C = 24.9 |Jun high C = 29.0 |Jul high C = 32.6 |Aug high C = 32.7 |Sep high C = 29.7 |Oct high C = 25.2 |Nov high C = 20.5 |Dec high C = 16.7 |year high C = 23.52 |Jan mean C = 11.5 |Feb mean C = 12.0 |Mar mean C = 13.2 |Apr mean C = 15.6 |May mean C = 19.3 |Jun mean C = 23.2 |Jul mean C = 26.3 |Aug mean C = 26.8 |Sep mean C = 24.4 |Oct mean C = 20.4 |Nov mean C = 15.9 |Dec mean C = 12.5 |year mean C = 18.43 |Jan low C = 8.2 |Feb low C = 8.4 |Mar low C = 9.3 |Apr low C = 10.4 |May low C = 13.7 |Jun low C = 17.3 |Jul low C = 20.0 |Aug low C = 20.8 |Sep low C = 19.0 |Oct low C = 15.5 |Nov low C = 11.3 |Dec low C = 9.2 |year low C = 13.26 |Jan record low C = -1.7 |Feb record low C = -1.0 |Mar record low C = 0.4 |Apr record low C = 2.6 |May record low C = 5.9 |Jun record low C = 9.6 |Jul record low C = 12.9 |Aug record low C = 13.4 |Sep record low C = 12.1 |Oct record low C = 5.5 |Nov record low C = 2.4 |Dec record low C = -0.4 |Jan precipitation mm = 59.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 57.0 |Mar precipitation mm = 47.2 |Apr precipitation mm = 38.0 |May precipitation mm = 22.6 |Jun precipitation mm = 10.4 |Jul precipitation mm = 3.1 |Aug precipitation mm = 7.1 |Sep precipitation mm = 32.5 |Oct precipitation mm = 65.5 |Nov precipitation mm = 56.0 |Dec precipitation mm = 66.8 |year precipitation mm = 465.5 |Jan precipitation days = 9 |Feb precipitation days = 8 |Mar precipitation days = 8 |Apr precipitation days = 6 |May precipitation days = 4 |Jun precipitation days = 2 |Jul precipitation days = 1 |Aug precipitation days = 1 |Sep precipitation days = 4 |Oct precipitation days = 7 |Nov precipitation days = 7 |Dec precipitation days = 8 |year precipitation days = 65 |unit precipitation days = |Jan sun = 145.7 |Feb sun = 165.3 |Mar sun = 198.4 |Apr sun = 225.0 |May sun = 282.1 |Jun sun = 309.0 |Jul sun = 356.5 |Aug sun = 328.6 |Sep sun = 258.0 |Oct sun = 217.0 |Nov sun = 174.0 |Dec sun = 148.8 |year sun = 2808.4 |source 1 = [[Warld Meteorological Organization]],<ref name="weather1">{{cite web | url =http://worldweather.wmo.int/123/c00243.htm | title =Weather Information for Tunis-Carthage | accessdate =2010-01-21 | publisher =WMO | archive-date =2020-11-19 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20201119103801/http://worldweather.wmo.int/123/c00243.htm | url-status =dead }}</ref> [[Hong Kong Observatory]] for data of avg. precipitation days and sunshine hours<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/africa/mor_al/tunis_e.htm|title=Climatological Information for Tunis, Tunisia|publisher=Hong Kong Observatory|access-date=2013-05-04|archive-date=2019-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023174449/http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/africa/mor_al/tunis_e.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> |source 2 = NOAA (extremes)<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web |url = ftp://dossier.ogp.noaa.gov/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/TS/60715.TXT |title = TUNIS-CARTHAGE Climate Normals 1961-1990 |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |accessdate = November 6, 2012}}</ref> |date=February 2011}} == Politics == === Capital=== [[File:Kasbah-Kassus.jpg|right|thumb|Kasbah Square comprisin the finance meenistry an the prime meenistry o Tunisie]] Tunis haes been the caipital o Tunisie syne 1159. Unner Airticles 43 an 24 o the [[Constitution o Tunisie|Constitution o 1959]],<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.jurisitetunisie.com/tunisie/codes/constitution/menup.html Constitution de la République tunisienne (Jurisite Tunisie)]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tunis an its suburbs host the naitional institutions: the Presidential Palace, which is kent as [[Carthage Palace]], residence o the [[Preses o Tunisie|Preses o the Tunisian Republic]], the [[Chamber o Deputies o Tunisie|Chamber o Deputies]] an the [[Chamber o Cooncillors o Tunisie|Chamber o Councillors]] an parliament, the Constitutional Cooncil an the main judicial institutions, the [[Bardo Naitional Museum]] an various ither govrenment depairtments an public bodies. === Municipality === ==== Institutions ==== [[File:Mairie de Tunis.jpg|left|thumb|Ceety Hall]] The Ceety Cooncil is componed o 60 members includin 20 assistants electit bi the cooncil efter takin office. The Ceety Cooncil meets fower times a year but mey meet bi special request o the mayor. The cooncil's regulatory responsibilities include the municipal budget, biggin development, an actions tae be unnertaken unner the Naitional Development Plan.<ref name="CONM">{{fr}} [http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/mairie_conseilmunicipal.htm Conseil municipal (Municipalité de Tunis)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725140349/http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/mairie_conseilmunicipal.htm |date=2010-07-25 }}</ref> It forby provides advice on aw projects tae be implementit bi the state, the govrenorate or a public body. Unlik ither mayors in Tunisie, the mayor o Tunis is appointit bi decree o the Preses o the Republic frae amang the members o the Ceety Cooncil. [[Abbes Mohsen]] is the current Mayor o Tunis, an haes been in office syne 2000 when he succeedit [[Mohamed Ali Bouleymane]]. He wis re-electit an confirmed in his post efter the municipal elections o 2005.<ref>{{fr}} [http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/mairie_conseilmunicipal_maire.htm Maire de Tunis (Municipalité de Tunis)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616183041/http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/mairie_conseilmunicipal_maire.htm |date=2010-06-16 }}</ref> In addition tae the municipal institutions, each o the fifteen destricts haes a municipal cooncil meetin each month in the presence o electit offeecials an representatives o the admeenistrations, tae address the issues o the day. ==== Budget ==== The 2008 budget adoptit bi the Ceety Cooncil is structured as follaes: 61.61 million dinars for the operation an 32,516 million dinars for investment.<ref name="BDG">{{fr}} [http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/mairie_budget.htm Budget de la municipalité de Tunis pour l’année 2008 (Municipalité de Tunis)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416052724/http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/mairie_budget.htm |date=2009-04-16 }}</ref> It reflects the improved financial situation o the municipality, the year 2007 wis a year registerin a surplus in resoorces that alloued the dounset o debts o the municipality an the strengthenin o its credibility wi respect its suppliers an public an private pairtners. Revenues are generatit bi the proceeds o taxes on biggins an vacant lots, fees for the rental of municipal property, income frae the operation o the public, advertisin, an that the fact that the municipality haes caipital shares in some companies. On the expenditure side, proveesion is made for the consolidation o [[hygiene]] an cleanliness, the state o the environment an urban design, infrastructure maintenance, rehabilitation an renovation o facilities, an strengthenin the logistics an means o wirk an transport.<ref name="BDG" /> ====Administrative deevisions==== [[File:Tunis subdivisions.svg|right|thumb|Cairt o the arrondissements o Tunis]] The ceety o Tunis, whose size haes increased significantly durin the seicont hauf o the 20t century, nou extends ower several govrenorates in the [[Tunis Govrenorate]] wi the surroondin auries extendin ower pairts o the govrenorates o [[Ben Arous Govrenorate|Ben Arous]], [[Ariana Govrenorate|Ariana]] an [[Manouba Govrenorate|Manouba]]. The municipality o Tunis is dividit intae 15 municipal destricts:<ref>{{fr}} [http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/plan_ensemble.htm Plan d’ensemble (Municipalité de Tunis)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106122516/http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/plan_ensemble.htm |date=2009-01-06 }}.</ref> Thir include El Bab Bhar, Bab Souika, Cité El Khadra, Jelloud Jebel El Kabaria, El Menzah, El Ouardia, Ettahrir, Ezzouhour, Hraïria, Medina, El Omrane, El Omrane Heicher Séjoumi, Sidi El-Bashir an Sidi Hassine. == Demography == [[File:Theatre Municipal de Tunis.jpg|thumb|right|Tunis]] [[File:Tunis mosque 1899.jpg|thumb|right|Muslims in Tunis attend the mosque in 1899.]] [[File:Tunismarketseller.jpg|thumb|right|A [[souk]] shopkeeper]] {| class="wikitable centre" border="1" |- style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;" ! Year !! Municipality !! Metropolitan aurie |- | 1891 | {{Formatnum:114121}} | |- | 1901 | {{Formatnum:146276}} | |- | 1911 | {{Formatnum:162479}} | |- | 1921 | {{Formatnum:171676}} | {{Formatnum:192994}} |- | 1926 | {{Formatnum:185996}} | {{Formatnum:210240}} |- | 1931 | {{Formatnum:202405}} | {{Formatnum:235230}} |- | 1936 | {{Formatnum:219578}} | {{Formatnum:258113}} |- | 1946 | {{Formatnum:364593}} | {{Formatnum:449820}} |- | 1956 | {{Formatnum:410000}} | {{Formatnum:561117}} |- | 1966 | {{Formatnum:468997}} | {{Formatnum:679603}} |- | 1975 | {{Formatnum:550404}} | {{Formatnum:873515}} |- |colspan="3"|''Sources :'' Paul Sebag, ''Tunis. Histoire d'une ville'', éd. L’Harmattan, 1998 |} [[File:Old Man in Tunis.jpg|left|thumb|Auld man in Tunis]] In the years follaein unthirldom, the population o the metropolitan aurie continues tae grow: the increase o 21.1% frae 1956 tae 1966 an bi 28.5% frae 1966 tae 1975 (55.6% atween 1956 an 1975).<ref>Paul Sebag, ''op. cit.'', p. 608</ref> This steady growthe is accompanied bi chynges which affect the naitur o the dounset o the caipital. Decolonization led tae the exodus o some minorities whose nummers are dwindlin ivery year. The gaps creatit bi thair departure are abundantly filled bi Tunisians who are emigratin tae Tunis frae ither pairts o the kintra. At the beginnin o the 21st century, the metropolitan aurie o Tunis exceeds 2,000,000 indwallers. Efter unthirldom, the Tunisian govrenment implementit a plan tae cope wi population growthe o the ceety an kintra, a seestem o faimily plannin, tae attempt tae lawer the rate o population growthe. Housomeivver, atween 1994 an 2004, the population o the govrenorate o Tunis grew mair nor 1.03% per annum. It represents, in the 2004 census, 9.9% o the tot population o Tunisie.<ref>{{fr}} [http://www.ins.nat.tn/fr/rgph2.php?Code_indicateur=0302024 Population, répartition proportionnelle et taux d’accroissement par gouvernorat (Institut national de la statistique)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207015845/http://www.ins.nat.tn/fr/rgph2.php?Code_indicateur=0302024 |date=2013-12-07 }}</ref> As in the rest o Tunisie, [[literacy]] in the region o Tunis haes evolved rapidly durin the seicont hauf o the 20t century an reaches a level slichtly heicher than the naitional average. Housomeivver eddication is anerlie exceedit bi the neighbouring govrenorate o Ariana which haes mony institutions o eddication. == Sport == At the beginnin o the 20t century a nummer o sports institutions wur establisht in Tunis, parteecularly in schuil an college settings. In 1905 the Muslim Association o Tunisie brocht thegither students frae Lycée Alaoui an Sadiki College tae organize geemnastics. A regional geemnastics competeetion wis held in Tunis in 1912 wi the participation o thoosans o French geemnasts. Fitbaa made its appearance in the caipital on 15 September 1904, follaed bi the formal creation o the kintra’s first league, the Racing Club Tunis, on 11 Mey 1905. It teuk some time tae run properly but suin organized meetins atween the teams in schools. The first teuk place on 9 Juin 1907, atween teams frae Lycée Alaoui an Lycée Carnot (1–1). But fitbaa is no the anerlie discipline tae emerge. Atween 1928 an 1955 the ceety competit for nine editions o the Grand Prix o Tunis, whaur notable drivers sic as [[Marcel Lehoux]], [[Achille Varzi]], [[Tazio Nuvolari]] an [[Rudolf Caracciola]] teuk pairt. The Grand Prix o Tunis haes re-emerged syne 2000.<ref>{{fr}} [http://stream1.m6.fr.ipercast.net/m6.fr/videonum2/07/11/23/turbo__grd-prix-tunis-__20071123__43354432_Stream.wmv « Grand Prix historique de Tunis : un rendez-vous magique », ''Turbo'', M6, 23 novembre 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224221312/http://stream1.m6.fr.ipercast.net/m6.fr/videonum2/07/11/23/turbo__grd-prix-tunis-__20071123__43354432_Stream.wmv |date=2009-02-24 }}</ref> The ceety haes forby held the [[Mediterranean Gemmes]] twice, in 1967 an 2001, an the internaitional tennis tournament, the [[Tunis Open]], which is includit in the [[ATP Challenger Series]]. The 2005 Warld Championship final for men in [[team handbaw]] wis played in Tunis, on 6 Februar. In tot the govrenorate o Tunis registered 24,095 licences for various clubs in the municipal aurie in 2007.<ref>{{fr}} [http://www.sport.tn/fo/fr/global.php?menu1=12 Statistiques du sport en Tunisie (Ministère de la jeunesse, des sports et de l’éducation physique)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216082358/http://www.sport.tn/fo/fr/global.php?menu1=12 |date=2008-12-16 }}</ref> {| class="sortable wikitable centre" |- style="text-align:center; background:#fbb;" ! Club !! Stadium !! Foondation !! Championships<br />o Fitbaa !! Championships<br />o volleybaw !! Championships<br />o handbaw !! Championships<br />o basketbaw |- | [[Club Africain]] | [[Stade El Menzah]] | 1920 | 12 | 7 | 8 | 1 |- | [[Espérance Sportive de Tunis]] | [[Stade El Menzah]] | 1919 | 20 | 15 | 24 | 3 |- | [[Stade Tunisien]] | [[Stade Chedli Zouiten]] | 1948 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |} [[File:CA - Radès.jpg|right|290px|thumb|7 November Radès Stadium]] [[File:Tunisia - Netherlands (Stade de Radès) 3.jpg|thumb|290px|left|[[Tunisie naitional fitbaa team]] playin]] The [[Esperance Sportive de Tunis]] (EST), [[Club Africain]] (CA), an [[Stade Tunisien]] are the major sports clubs in the ceety. A seembolic cless difference is present atween the EST's an the CA's supporters, despite thair playin at the same stadium. The EST is supportit bi the wealthy bourgeois an middle classes, while the CA, a poorer club, is supportit bi the masses an wirkin cless generally.<ref>Franck Moroy, ''Football et politique. Le derby tunisois Espérance sportive de Tunis - Club Africain'', éd. Institut d’études politiques, Aix-en-Provence, 1997</ref> The first true sports facilities wur managed unner the French protectorate, as illustratit bi the development o the Ksar Said racecourse an construction o the [[Stade Chedli Zouiten]] in the neighborhuid o Belvedere, which haed lang been the main stadium in the caipital afore bein supplantit bi the Olympic stadium, [[Stade El Menzah]], whaur EST an CA play thair fitbaa the day. The Olympic stadium an veelage urie wis biggit tae accommodate the Mediterranean Gemmes in 1967. A 60,000-seat stadium wis forby biggit in Radès for the Mediterranean Gemmes in 2001 at an estimatit cost o 170 million dinars, wi nearly hauf o the loans financed bi [[Republic o Korea|Sooth Korea]]n businessmen. The Olympic veelage wis financed bi an investment estimatit at 50 million dinars.<ref>{{fr}} [http://www.jeuneafrique.com/jeune_afrique/article_jeune_afrique.asp?art_cle=LIN07083combietocan0 Abdelaziz Barrouhi, Combien ça coûte ? , ''Jeune Afrique''] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20081207185739/http://www.jeuneafrique.com/jeune_afrique/article_jeune_afrique.asp?art_cle=LIN07083combietocan0 |date=2008-12-07 }}</ref> In 2008, the govrenment annoonced the stairt o construction o a lairge sports complex that will include several sports academies, a 20,000-seat stadium, an a soummin centre. Kent as Tunis Sports Ceety, it will expand aroond the lake o Tunis, on the road tae [[La Marsa]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mosaiquefm.net/Tsawer/displayimage.php?pid=5970&fullsize=1 |title=Modélisation de la future Tunis Sports City (Mosaïque FM) |access-date=2011-01-24 |archive-date=2008-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080519102557/http://www.mosaiquefm.net/Tsawer/displayimage.php?pid=5970&fullsize=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Internaitional relations== ===Twin touns — Sister ceeties=== Tunis is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:<ref name="Tunis">{{cite web|url=http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/mairie_cooperation1.htm|title=Cooperation Internationale|publisher=© 2003-2009 City of Tunis Portal|language=French|accessdate=2009-07-31|archive-date=2008-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508191341/http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/mairie_cooperation1.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| |- |valign="top"| *{{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Belgrade]], [[Serbie]] *{{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algiers]], [[Algerie]] *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Cologne]], [[Germany]] *{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Rabat]], [[Morocco]]<ref name="Tunis"/> *{{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Amman]], [[Jordan]]<ref name="Tunis"/> *{{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], [[Fraunce]] *{{flagicon|France}} [[Marseille]], [[Fraunce]] *{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Montreal]], [[Canadae]]<ref name="Tunis"/> *{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]] *{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] |width="80"|&nbsp; |valign="top"| *{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Roum]], [[Italy]]<ref name="Tunis"/> *{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Stockholm]], [[Swaden]]<ref name="Tunis"/> *{{flagicon|Qatar}} [[Doha]], [[Qatar]]<ref name="Tunis"/> *{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]]<ref name="Tunis"/> *{{flagicon|Chile}} [[Santiago]], [[Chile]]<ref name="Tunis"/> *{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna]], [[Austrick]] *{{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]] *{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabie]] *{{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]] *{{flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Kuwait Ceety]], [[Kuwait]] |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Leet o African caipitals}} [[Category:Tunis| ]] [[Category:Caipitals in Africae]] [[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Tunisie]] [[Category:Barbary Wars]] [[Category:Mediterranean port ceeties an touns in Tunisie]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 2nt millennium BC]] [[Category:Populatit places in Tunis Govrenorate]] 5er0hb1lusc9cwiyceax7iabm6e77ey 0 14283 914701 907061 2026-04-02T16:37:13Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | name = Mors Principium Est | image = | caption = | image_size = | background = group_or_band | alias = | origin = [[Pori]], [[Finland]] | genre = [[Melodic daith metal]] | years_active = 1999–present | label = [[Listenable Records]] | associated_acts = [[Hateform]] | website = [http://www.morsprincipiumest.com/ www.morsprincipiumest.com] | current_members = Ville Viljanen<br />Mikko Sipola<br />Teemu Heinola<br />Andy Gillion<br />Andhe Chandler | past_members = [[#Umwhile members|See belaw]] | notable_instruments = }} '''Mors Principium Est''' ''([[Laitin]] for "daith is the beginnin")'' is a [[Finland|Finnish]] [[melodic daith metal]] [[rock baund|baund]] formit in 1999. == History == The baund wis formit in 1999 in [[Pori]], [[Finland]] bi [[sangster]]/[[lead guitar]]ist Jori Haukio, [[guitarist]] Jarkko Kokko an [[keyboardist]] Toni Nummelin. [[Drummer]] Mikko Sipola joined in late 1999, suin follaed bi the arrival o new [[sangster|vocalist]] Ville Viljanen in early 2000 when Haukio decidit tae focus on his guitar wirk. [[Bassist]] Teemu Heinola wis no appointit till efter the baund's first [[demo (muisic)|demo]], ''Before Birth'', which attractit attention frae [[Fraunce|French]] [[record label]] [[Listenable Records]] in 2001.<ref name="Band History">{{cite web|url= http://www.morsprincipiumest.com/main_index.htm|title= Band History|accessdate= 2006-12-16|publisher= Mors Principium Est.com|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20061215083425/http://www.morsprincipiumest.com/main_index.htm|archivedate= 2006-12-15|url-status= dead}}</ref> Ane year an twa demos later, Mors Principium Est signed a three-album contract wi Listenable Records completit bi the album ''Liberation = Termination'' released in Mairch 2007.<ref name="Metal Storm – Mors Principium Est – New Album Details">{{cite web|url= http://www.metalstorm.ee/events/news_comments.php?news_id=3839|title= Metal Storm – Mors Principium Est – New Album Details|accessdate= 2006-12-16|publisher= Metal Storm.ee|archive-date= 2012-07-22|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120722032846/http://www.metalstorm.net/events/news_comments.php?news_id=3839|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Listenable Records – Liberation = Termination">{{cite web|url= http://www.listenable.net/v2/release_detail.php?id=82|title= Listenable Records – Liberation = Termination|accessdate= 2006-12-16|publisher= Listenable.net|archive-date= 2012-02-06|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120206022514/http://www.listenable.net/v2/release_detail.php?id=82|url-status= dead}}</ref> The baund annoonced on Aprile 25t, 2007 the new lineup o the baund. Karri Kuisma joined the baund as the [[Rhythm guitar|rhythm]] [[guitarist]] in 2006 an [[Lead guitar|Lead]] [[guitarist]] Tomy Laisto joined the baund in 2007. Jarkko Kokko left the baund in 2009. An aw in 2009, Tomy Laisto an Kalle Aaltonen haed pairtit weys tae pursue ither venturs. On 30 Aprile 2011 the baund annooncit on their wabsteid that Andy Gillion haed been recruitit as the first replacement guitarist. On September 29 the baund annooncit on their wabsteid that Andhe Chandler haed been recruitit as the seicont replacement guitarist. == Lineup == ===Current members=== * Ville Viljanen – [[Sangster|vocals]] (2000 – present) * Mikko Sipola – [[Drum kit|drums]] (2000 – present) * Teemu Heinola – [[Bass guitar|bass]] (2001 – present) * Kalle Aaltonen – [[rhythm guitar]] (2009 – present) * Tomy Laisto - [[lead guitar]] (2007 - present) ===Umwhile members=== * Jarkko Kokko – [[guitar]]s (1999 – 2009) * Jori Haukio – [[sangster|vocals]], [[guitar]]s (1999 – 2000); [[guitar]]s (2000 – 2006) * Toni Nummelin – [[keyboard instrument|keyboards]] (1999 – 2004) * Joona Kukkola - [[keyboard instrument|keyboards]] (2004 – 2007) * Karri Kuisma - [[guitar]]s (2006 – 2007) * Tom "Tomma" Gardiner - [[guitar]]s (2007 – 2009) == Discography == ===Albums=== * ''[[Inhumanity]]'' (2003, [[reissue]]d in 2006) * ''[[The Unborn (album)|The Unborn]]'' (2005) * ''[[Liberation = Termination]]'' (2007) * ''[[...And Death Said Live]]'' (2012) * ''[[Dawn of the 5th Era]]'' (2014) * ''[[Embers of a Dying World]]'' (2017) * ''Seven'' (2020) * ''Liberate the Unborn Inhumanity'' (2022) ===Demos=== * ''Before Birth'' (2000) * ''Valley of Sacrifice'' (2001) * ''Third Arrival'' (2002) ==References== <References/> ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.morsprincipiumest.com/ Offeecial Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815040923/http://www.morsprincipiumest.com/ |date=2012-08-15 }} * [http://www.listenable.net/ Listenable Records] * {{myspace|morsprincipiumestmyspace}} * [http://www.smnnews.com/board/forumdisplay.php?s=55f3ee0aca9e8aab196abc9f5cf26768&forumid=45 Mors Principium Est forum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928020505/http://www.smnnews.com/board/forumdisplay.php?s=55f3ee0aca9e8aab196abc9f5cf26768&forumid=45 |date=2007-09-28 }} [[Category:Finnish melodic daith metal muisical groups]] [[Category:Muisical groups established in 1999]] [[Category:2000s muisic groups]] [[Category:Muisical quintets]] sr3p77fx113a5pjiaqucp432y4v0yuf 0 15046 914693 864511 2026-04-02T13:41:17Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox French commune |name =Lyon |image flag =Flag of Lyon.png |image flag size =115px |image coat of arms = |image coat of arms size= 115px |flag legend =Ceety banner |coat of arms legend = |city motto= ''Avant, avant, Lion le melhor.''<br />([[Franco-Provençal leid|Franco-Provençal]]: Forward, forward, Lyon the best) |image =Lyon paysages.jpg |image size =270px |caption =Tap, Lyon, wi the auld ceety in the foregrund. Centre, the Pont Bonaparte, at nicht, an the Pont Lafayette. Bottom, the Place Bellecour, wi the Basilica o Oor Lady an the Tour Metal in the backgrund. |coordinates = {{coord|45.7597|4.8422|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |time zone =CET <small>(GMT +1)</small> |INSEE =69123 |postal code =69001-69009 |region= [[Rhône-Alpes]] |department= [[Rhône (depairtment)|Rhône]] (69) |arrondissement =Lyon |canton =chief toun o 14 cantons |mayor =[[Gérard Collomb]] |party =[[Socialist Pairty (Fraunce)|PS]] |term =2014–2020 |subdivisions entry =[[Kintra subdiveesion|<span style="color:black;">Subdivisions</span>]] |area km2 =47.95 |elevation min m =162 |elevation max m =305 |subdivisions =9 [[Municipal arrondissements o Fraunce|arrondissements]] |population date = Jan. 2016<ref name="commune">{{cite web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/commune.asp?annee=2013&depcom=69123 |title=Séries historiques des résultats du recensement – Commune de Lyon (69123) |publisher=INSEE |accessdate=}}</ref> |population = 513,275 |population ranking =3rd in Fraunce |metro area km2 =6018.62 |metro area date =2010 |metro area pop =2,237,676<ref name="AU10_pop">{{cite web |url=http://insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?reg_id=0&id=4502 |title=Villes de France |publisher=INSEE |accessdate=7 July 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |metro area pop date =2012 |intercom details =[[Urban Commonty o Lyon|Urban Commonty <br />o Lyon]] |website =[http://www.lyon.fr/ lyon.fr] }} '''Lyon''' ({{IPA-fr|ljɔ̃|-|Fr-Lyon.ogg}}; {{lang-frp|Liyon}}, {{IPA-frp|ʎjɔ̃|IPA}}; {{IPA-en|liːˈɒn|lang}} or anglicised as '''Lyons''' {{IPA-en|ˈlaɪ.ənz|}}), is a ceety in east-central [[France]] in the [[Rhône-Alpes]] [[Regions o France|region]], situatit atween [[Paris]] an [[Marseille]]. Lyon is locatit at 470&nbsp;km (292&nbsp;mi) frae Paris, 320&nbsp;km (199&nbsp;mi) frae Marseille, 160&nbsp;km (99&nbsp;mi) frae [[Geneva]], 280&nbsp;km (174&nbsp;mi) frae [[Turin]], an 600&nbsp;km (373&nbsp;mi) frae [[Barcelona]]. The woners o the ceety are cawed ''Lyonnais'' (singular an plural). The ceety o Lyon haes 480,660 indwallers.<ref name="commune" /> Thegither wi its suburbs and satellite towns, Lyon forms the seicont-lairgest metropolitan aurie in Fraunce efter that o Paris, wi the population o its urban aurie estimatit tae be 1,422,331 an that o its metropolitan aurie 1,757,180.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&zoneSearchField=LYON&codeZone=00757-UU1999&normalizedSearch=&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher |title=Résultat du rencensement de 2007. Unité urbaine : Lyon |publisher=INSEE |accessdate=18 November 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&zoneSearchField=LYON&codeZone=002-AU1999&normalizedSearch=&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher |title=Résultat du rencensement de 2007. Aire urbaine : Lyon |publisher=INSEE |accessdate=18 November 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Its urban region represents hauf o the [[Rhône-Alpes]] [[Regions o France|region]] population wi 2.9 million inhabitants.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regionurbainedelyon.fr/ |title=Chiffres-clés de la population |publisher=Région urbaine de lyon |date= |accessdate=18 November 2010 |archive-date=2008-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017023341/http://www.regionurbainedelyon.fr/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lyon is the caipital o this region, as well as the caipital o the smawer [[Rhône (depairtment)|Rhône]] [[Depairtments o Fraunce|département]]. Lyon haes a lang cultural influence on Fraunce an the warld. The ceety is kent for its historical an architectural landmarks an is a [[Warld Heritage Steid|UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid]]. Lyon wis historically kent as an important aurie for the production an weavin o [[silk]] an in modren times haes developed a reputation as the caipital o [[gastronomy]] in Fraunce. It haes a significant role in the [[history o film|history o cinema]] due tae [[Auguste an Louis Lumière]]. The local professional fitbaa team, [[Olympique Lyonnais]], haes increased the profile o Lyon internaitionally throu participation in [[UEFA Champions League|European fitbaa championships]]. Economically, Lyon is a major centre for bankin an forby the chemical, pharmaceutical, an biotech industries. The ceety contains a significant software industry wi a particular focus on video gemmes, an in recent years haes focussed on a growin local stairt-up sector.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business.greaterlyon.com/city-business-support-lyon-entrepreneurship-system.85.0.html?&L=1 |title=Lyon entrepreneurship, Lyon company, Invest Lyon – Greater Lyon |publisher=Business.greaterlyon.com |date=|accessdate=3 April 2011}}</ref> Lyon hosts the internaitional heidquarters o [[Interpol]], [[Euronews]] an [[International Agency for Research on Cancer]]. == Internaitional relations == {{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Fraunce}} === Twin touns — Sister ceeties === Lyon is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:<ref name="Lyon">{{cite web|url=http://www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/en/villes_partenaires/villes_partenaires_2/?aIndex=1|title=''Partner Cities of Lyon and Greater Lyon''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2008 Mairie de Lyon|accessdate=2008-10-21|archive-date=2011-08-23|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/619PQfHcw?url=http://www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/en/villes_partenaires/villes_partenaires_2/?aIndex=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| cellpadding="10" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | * {{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Sinop, Turkey|Sinop]], [[Turkey]] * {{Flagicon|Syria}} [[Aleppo]], [[Sirie]]<ref name="Lyon"/> * {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Beersheba]] in [[Israel]]<ref name="Lyon"/> * {{Flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]] in [[Lebanon]] <small><ref name="Lyon"/><ref name="Beirut">{{cite web|url=http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fwww%2ebeirut%2egov%2elb%2fMCMSEN%2fTwinning%2bthe%2bCities%2f&NRNODEGUID=%7b18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7d&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#|title=Twinning the Cities|publisher=City of Beirut|accessdate=2009-03-17|archive-date=2008-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221055403/http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fwww.beirut.gov.lb%2FMCMSEN%2FTwinning+the+Cities%2F&NRNODEGUID=%7B18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest|url-status=dead}}</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|UK}} [[Birmingham]], [[Unitit Kinrick]] <small>''(syne 1951'')</small><ref name="Lyon"/><ref name="Birmingham">{{cite web |url=http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/twins |title=Partner Cities |publisher=Birmingham City Council |accessdate=2009-07-17 |archive-date=2009-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915223157/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/twins |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{Flagicon|Brazil}} [[Curitiba]] in [[Brazil]] * {{Flagicon|the United Arab Emirates}} [[Dubai]], [[Unitit Arab Emirates|UAE]] * {{Flagicon|China}} [[Guangzhou]] in [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] <small>''(syne 1988)''<ref name="Guangzhou">{{cite web|url=http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/3970.aspx|title=Sister Cities of Guangzhou|publisher=Guangzhou Foreign Affairs Office|accessdate=2010-02-10|archive-date=2011-08-23|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/619PSmN70?url=http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/3970.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|USA}} [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]] in [[Unitit States]] <small>''(syne 1975'')</small> || || * {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Frankfurt]] in [[Germany]] <small>''(syne 1960)'' <ref name="Lyon"/><ref name="Frankfurt">{{cite web|url=http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=502645|title=''Frankfurt -Partner Cities''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2008 [http://www.frankfurt.de Stadt Frankfurt am Main]|accessdate=2008-12-05|archive-date=2007-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107080201/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=502645|url-status=dead}}</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Leipzig]] in [[Germany]] <small>''(syne 1981)''</small><ref name="Lyon"/><ref name="Leipzig">{{cite web|url=http://www.leipzig.de/int/en/int_messen/partnerstaedte/|title=Leipzig - International Relations|publisher=© 2009 Leipzig City Council, Office for European and International Affairs|accessdate=2009-07-17|archive-date=2009-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629111247/http://www.leipzig.de/int/en/int_messen/partnerstaedte/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Yokohama]] in [[Japan]] <small>''(syne 1959'') <ref name="Lyon"/><ref name="Yokohama">{{cite web|url=http://www.welcome.city.yokohama.jp/eng/tourism/mame/a3000.html|title=Official Yokohama City Tourism Website: ''Sister Cities''|accessdate=2008-11-11|publisher=[[copyright|©]] Yokohama Convention & Visitors Bureau|archive-date=2009-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827064945/http://www.welcome.city.yokohama.jp/eng/tourism/mame/a3000.html|url-status=dead}}</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Łódź]] in [[Poland]] <small>''(syne 1991)'' <ref name="Lyon"/><ref name="_Łódź_ Tourism">''{{cite web |url=http://en.www.uml.lodz.pl/index.php?str=2029 |title=Twin Cities |accessdate=2008-10-23 |work=The City of _Łódź_ Office |publisher=[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|14px]] [[File:Flag of Poland.svg|border|10px]] {{en icon}} and {{pl icon}} © 2007 UM_ |archive-date=2009-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009012259/http://en.www.uml.lodz.pl/index.php?str=2029 |url-status=dead }}''</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Yerevan]] in [[Armenie]]<small>''(syne 1992)''<ref name="Lyon"/><ref name="Yerevan">{{cite web|url=http://yerevan.am/main.php?lang=3&page_id=194|title=Yerevan Municipality - Sister Cities|publisher=© 2005–2009 [http://yerevan.am/?lang=3 www.yerevan.am]|accessdate=2009-06-22|archive-date=2011-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002075135/http://www.yerevan.am/main.php?page_id=194&lang=3|url-status=dead}}</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Milan]] in [[Italy]] <small>''(syne 1966)'' <ref name="Lyon"/><ref name="Milan">{{cite web|url=http://www.comune.milano.it/portale/wps/portal/CDM?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/ContentLibrary/In%20Comune/In%20Comune/Citt%20Gemellate|title=''Milano - Città Gemellate''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2008 Municipality of Milan (Comune di Milano)|accessdate=2008-12-05|archive-date=2014-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410020744/http://www.comune.milano.it/portale/wps/portal/CDM?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2FContentLibrary%2FIn%20Comune%2FIn%20Comune%2FCitt%20Gemellate|url-status=dead}}</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|Belarus}} [[Minsk]] in [[Belaroushie]] <small>''(syne 1976)'' <ref name="Lyon"/><ref name="Minsk">{{cite web|url=http://minsk.gov.by/cgi-bin/org_ps.pl?k_org=3604&mode=doc&doc=3604_2_a&lang=eng|title=''Twin towns of Minsk''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2008 The department of protocol and international relations of Minsk City Executive Committee|accessdate=2008-12-08|archive-date=2009-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830121424/http://minsk.gov.by/cgi-bin/org_ps.pl?k_org=3604&mode=doc&doc=3604_2_a&lang=eng|url-status=dead}}</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|Canada}} [[Montreal|Montréal]] in [[Quebec|Québec]], [[Canadae]] <small>''(syne 1979)'' <ref name="Lyon"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/en/villes_partenaires/villes_partenaires_2/?aIndex=1 |title=Montreal partner city |publisher=Lyon.fr |date= |accessdate=2009-02-05 |archive-date=2011-08-23 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/619PQfHcw?url=http://www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/en/villes_partenaires/villes_partenaires_2/?aIndex=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref></small> || || * {{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Gothenburg]] in [[Swaden]] * {{Flagicon|Hungary}} [[Pécs]] in [[Hungary]]<ref name="Lyon"/> * {{Flagicon|Palestine}} [[Jericho]] in [[State o Palestine|Palestine]] * {{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Craiova]] in [[Romanie]] <small>''(syne 1992)''<ref name="Lyon"/></small> * {{Flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Varna]] in [[Bulgarie]] * {{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[Manila]] in the [[Philippines]] * {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Saunt Petersburg]] in [[Roushie]] <small>''(syne 1993)'' <ref name="Lyon"/><ref name="saint_petersburg">{{cite web |url=http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |title=Saint Petersburg in figures - International and Interregional Ties |publisher=Saint Petersburg City Government |accessdate=2008-11-23 |archive-date=2009-02-24 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090224073839/http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |url-status=dead }}</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Yoshkar-Ola]] in [[Roushie]] * {{Flagicon|Burkina Faso}} [[Ouagadougou]] in [[Burkina Faso]]<ref name="Lyon"/> |} == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Metropolis o Lyon communes}} [[Category:Lyon| ]] [[Category:Communes o the Metropolis o Lyon]] [[Category:Populatit places on the Rhone]] {{Stub/Fraunce}} {{Stub/Ceety}} 4qfe65dz2x6ualyqo0833ay5mtqlgdn 0 15881 914741 843466 2026-04-03T08:10:23Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox French commune |name = Toulouse |native name = Tolosa |image = Montage Toulouse 3.jpg |caption = [[Hôpital de La Grave]], [[Ariane 5]] ([[Cité de l'espace]]), [[Basilica o Saint-Sernin]], [[Place du Capitole]], the verra first [[Airbus A380]], [[Musée des Augustins]]<br> |image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Toulouse (Haute-Garonne).svg |city motto = ''Per Tolosa totjorn mai.''<br />([[Occitan language|Occitan]] for "For Toulouse, always more") |coordinates = {{coord|43.6045|1.444|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |INSEE = 31555 |region = Midi-Pyrénées |department = Haute-Garonne |arrondissement = Toulouse |canton = |mayor = [[Pierre Cohen]] |party = [[Socialist Pairty (Fraunce)|PS]] |term = 2008&ndash;2014 |area km2 = 118.3 |population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}} |population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} |population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}} |population ranking = [[Leet o communes in Fraunce wi ower 20,000 indwallers (2006 census)|4t in Fraunce]] |urban area km2 = 811.60 |urban area date = 2010 |urban pop = 892,115<ref name="UU10_pop">{{cite web |url=http://insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau_local.asp?ref_id=TER&millesime=2011&typgeo=UU2010&typesearch=territoire&codgeo=Toulouse+%2831701%29&territoire=OK |title=Séries historiques des résultats du recensement - Unité urbaine 2010 de Toulouse (31701) |publisher=INSEE |accessdate=2 August 2014 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |urban pop date = Jan.&nbsp;2011 |metro area km2 = 5381.49 |metro area date = 2010 |metro area pop = 1,250,251<ref name="AU10_pop">{{cite web |url=http://insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau_local.asp?ref_id=TER&millesime=2011&typgeo=AU2010&typesearch=territoire&codgeo=Toulouse+%28004%29&territoire=OK |title=Séries historiques des résultats du recensement - Aire urbaine 2010 de Toulouse (004) |publisher=INSEE |accessdate=2 August 2014 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |metro area pop date= Jan.&nbsp;2011 |intercom details = [[Urban commonty o Greater Toulouse|Grand Toulouse]] |website = http://www.toulouse.fr/ }} '''Toulouse''' (pronoonced {{IPA-fr|tuluz||Fr-Toulouse.ogg}} in staundart [[French leid|French]] an {{IPA-fr|tuˈluzə||Fr-Toulouse-Accent.ogg}} wi a Toulouse accent; [[Occitan leid|Occitan]]: ''Tolosa'', pronounced {{IPA-oc|tuˈluzɔ|}}, primarily ''Tholoza'') is a [[commune o Fraunce|ceety]] in [[Occitanie]], soothwast [[Fraunce]] on the banks o the [[Garonne|River Garonne]], 590&nbsp;km (366&nbsp;mi) away frae [[Paris]] an hauf-way atween the [[Atlantic Ocean]] an the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. Wi 1,250,251 inhabitants as of Januar 2011,<ref name="AU10_pop"/> the Toulouse metropolitan aurie is the fowert-lairgest in Fraunce, efter [[Paris]] (12 million), [[Lyon]] (1.8 million), an [[Marseille]] (1.7 million). Toulouse is ane o the bases o the European [[aerospace]] industry, wi the heidquarters o [[Airbus]], [[Galileo positionin seestem]], the [[SPOT (satellites)|SPOT satellite seestem]], an [[CNES]]'s Toulouse Space Centre (CST), the lairgest space centre in Europe.<ref>{{Fr icon}} {{cite web| url=http://www.ademe.fr/midi-pyrenees/documents/a_3/cnes_dossier_presse.pdf| title=Ademe.fr| author=[[CNES]]| format=PDF| accessdate=2007-05-30| archive-date=2007-06-29| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629155229/http://www.ademe.fr/midi-pyrenees/documents/a_3/cnes_dossier_presse.pdf| url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Thales Alenia Space]], Europe's lairgest [[satellite]] manufacturer, an [[Astrium Satellites]], [[EADS]]'s satellite seestem subsidiary, an aa hae a significant presence in Toulouse. Its warld renowned [[University o Toulouse|university]] is ane o the auldest in [[Europe]] (foondit in 1229) an, wi mair nor 97,000 students, is wi [[Lille]] the third-lairgest university campus o [[Fraunce]] efter [[University o Paris|Paris]] an [[University o Lyon|Lyon]].<ref name="education">[ftp://trf.education.gouv.fr/pub/edutel/dpd/atlas/atlas2006/atlas2006.pdf Atlas 2005-2006 de l'éducation nationale]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, [pdf] Consulté le 11/09/2007</ref> Toulouse wis the caipital o the umwhile [[Provinces o Fraunce|province]] o [[Languedoc]] (provinces wur abolished durin the [[French Revolution]]). It is nou the [[Chef-lieu]] o the [[Midi-Pyrénées]] [[Région in France|region]], the lairgest region in metropolitan Fraunce. It is an' a' the [[Chef-lieu]] o the [[Haute-Garonne]] [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment]]. == Internaitional relations == {{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Fraunce}} === Twin touns — Sister ceeties === Toulouse is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} : {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgie]], Unitit States : {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Bologna]], Italy : {{Flagicon|England}} [[Bristol]], [[Ingland]], Unitit Kinrick : {{Flagicon|China}} [[Chongqing]], Cheenae {{Col-2}} : {{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Elche]], Spain : {{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kiev]], Ukraine : {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Tel Aviv]], Israel : {{Flagicon|Argentina}} [[Rosario, Santa Fe|Rosario]], Argentina {{Col-end}} Toulouse an aa haes accords o cooperation wi the follaein touns: {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} : {{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Bydgoszcz]], Poland : {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Düsseldorf]], Germany : {{Flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Hanoi]], Vietnam : {{Flagicon|Chad}} [[N'Djamena]], Chad {{Col-2}} : {{Flagicon|Senegal}} [[Saint-Louis, Senegal|Saint-Louis]], Senegal : {{Flagicon|Brazil}} [[São José dos Campos]], Brazil : {{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Zaragoza]], Spain {{Col-end}} In addition, Toulouse haes an adoption ceety: :{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Câmpia Turzii]], Romanie == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Toulouse| ]] [[Category:Ceeties in Fraunce]] [[Category:Communes o Haute-Garonne]] q20dz8p5mume7id626f8249yjt0idxk 0 17071 914738 911796 2026-04-03T07:19:39Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox UK place |country = Ingland |official_name = Thatcham |static_image_name = The Broadway, Thatcham - geograph.org.uk - 725456.jpg |static_image_caption = <small>The Broadway</small> |coordinates = {{coord|51.405|-1.264|display=inline,title}} | population = 22,824 | population_ref = (Parish, 2001) |civil_parish = Thatcham |unitary_england = [[West Berkshire]] |region = Sooth East Ingland |lieutenancy_england = [[Berkshire]] |constituency_westminster= [[Newbury (UK Pairlament constituency)|Newbury]] |post_town = THATCHAM |postcode_district = RG18 an RG19 |postcode_area = RG |dial_code = 01635 |os_grid_reference = SU511676 }} '''Thatcham''' is a [[toun]] in [[Berkshire]], [[Ingland]] 3 mile (5&nbsp;km) east o [[Newbury, Berkshire|Newbury]] an 15 mile (24&nbsp;km) wast o [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]]. Aften regardit as Breetain's auldest toun, it covers aboot 8.75 square miles (23&nbsp;km²) an haes a population o 23,000 fowk (2003). This nummer haes grown rapidly ower the last few decades frae 5,000 in 1951 an 7,500 in 1961. It lies on the [[River Kennet]], the [[Kennet an Avon Canal]], the [[A4 road (England)|A4 road]] an the course o a [[Roman road]]. It is servit bi [[Thatcham railwey station]] on the line atween [[Newbury railwey station|Newbury]] an [[Reading railwey station|Reading]] an aw. Employment is providit bi a nummer o licht industrial units. ==History== The aurie haes evidence o occupation datin frae prehistoric times<ref name="thatchamhistoricalsociety.org.uk">http://thatchamhistoricalsociety.org.uk/content/thatcham-historic-town-changing-world{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> an is leetit in the [[Guinness Warld Records]] as the strangest claimant tae bein the [[Auldest toun in Breetain|auldest continuously inhabitit place in Breetain]]. The well-preservit remains o a [[Mesolithic]] dounsets datin frae 7,700 BC<ref name="thatchamhistoricalsociety.org.uk"/> hae been foond in its vicinity. Thare is evidence o [[Bronze Age|Bronze]] an [[Airn Age]] dounsets an o a [[Auncient Roum|Roman]] toun an aw. The name mey hae been derivit frae that o a [[Saxons|Saxon]] chief cried ''Tace'' (or aiblins ''Tac'' or ''Tec''), who established a [[veelage]] in aroond 500.<ref name="archive.org">http://www.archive.org/details/thatchamberksits01barfuoft</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://thatchamhistoricalsociety.org.uk/publications/papers/ages |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-05-07 |archive-date=2008-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120165027/http://www.thatchamhistoricalsociety.org.uk/publications/papers/ages |url-status=dead }}</ref> The dounset wis kent as ''Taceham'' - ''ham'' meanin veelage in Saxon. It is possible that the name mey hae come frae the Saxon ''thaec'' ([[thatch]]) n aw. Whauriver it came frae, the name ''Taceham'' persistit till efter the [[Norman conquest o Ingland|Norman conquest]] in 1066 afore goin throu several minor chynges til the current ane wis adoptit in the 16t century. [[Image:Thatcham - geograph.org.uk - 1901.jpg|left|thumb|[[Auld Bluecoat Schuil, Thatcham|Auld Bluecoat Schuil]], biggit in 1304]] The toun haed a period o great prosperity aroond 1304<ref>http://thatchamhistoricalsociety.org.uk/content/thatchams-growth-prosperity-under-royal-protection{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> when the Chapel o [[Thomas Becket|St. Thomas the Martyr]] on the A4, nou cried the Auld [[Bluecoat School|Bluecoat schuil]], wis constructit. At this time the population wis lairger than Newbury's<ref name="archive.org"/> but declined as a result o the [[Black Daith]] which decimatit the aurie in 1348. [[Image:Thatcham Church in winter.jpg|right|thumb|[[St Mary's Kirk, Thatcham|St Mary's Kirk]]]] Thare is a [[Norman airchitectur|Norman]] [[pairish]] [[St Mary's Kirk, Thatcham|St Mary's Kirk]] which wis lairgely reconstructit in 1857. This is believit tae be biggit on the same steid as a earlier Saxon kirk. It wis previously kent as St. Luke's an aw. n 1121 [[Henry I o Ingland|Keeng Henry I]] foondit the great [[Reading Abbey|Abbey o Reading]] an endowed it wi mony gifts o land, includin the Manor o Thatcham. At the same time Thatcham Hunder ceased tae exist, the wastren pairty bein transferred tae Farcross Hunder, an the remainder tae the Hunder o Reading. In 1141 Thatcham Kirk, previously the property o the [[Diocese o Salisbury]], wis grantit tae Reading Abbey bi the [[Empress Mathilda]], who at the same time confirmit her faither's gift o the manor tae the Abbey. A lairge aurie o Thatcham, includin the manors o the burgh an [[Colthrop]], wis bocht bi Brigadier-General Waring frae [[James Brydges, 1st Duke o Chandos|James, Duke o Chandos]] in 1722. Waring subsequently biggit Dunstan House, tae the north o Thatcham veelage, an enclosed a lairge pairk aroond it, plantit wi trees arrangit in the troop poseetions in the battles in which he haed focht. When his stryndants put his estates up for auction in 1798, Dunstan House failed tae sell an wis pulled doun. The land is nou a hoosin estate cried Dunstan Pairk. [[Image:Monkey-Marsh-lock-by-John-Lloyd.jpg|thumb|right|[[Monkey Marsh Lock]] biggit in 1723, ane o anerlie twa turf sidit [[Lock (water transport)|locks]] on the [[Kennet & Avon Canal]]]] Twa mills wur biggit at Colthrop in 1472, ane for corn an ane for fullin. The latter wis probably convertit efter the decline o the [[Arte di Calimala|cloth trade]]. Thir mills wur replacit bi a [[paper mill]] biggit on thair steid bi 1799. This Colthrop Mill belangit tae the Reed Group in the twintiet century, an producit packagin materials.<ref>{{cite web | title = Thatcham History | url = http://www.berksfhs.org.uk/cms/Berkshire-Places/thatcham/Page-2.html | publisher = Berkshire Places | accessdate = 2010-01-21 | archive-date = 2010-12-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101231232045/http://www.berksfhs.org.uk/cms/Berkshire-Places/thatcham/Page-2.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> Syne 1900, industry haes been attractit tae the aurie. The Colthrop Buird Mills (closed doun in 2000), whaur paper haed been producit for ower 200 years, grew vera quickly, pairticularly efter its acquisition bi the warldwide Reed Paper Group. The Sterling Cable Works wis established nearbi an [[Atomic Weapons Establishment|AWE Aldermaston]] an [[Atomic Energy Research Establishment|AERE Harwell]], thegither wi the RLC Depot at Station Road, (which sadly closed doun in 1999) hae aw brocht employment an increasin prosperity tae the aurie. This growthe haes in turn brocht a further influx o population an haes attractit numerous businesses tae the toun. The development o industrial steids on the eastren side o the toun introducit naitionally kent names such as [[Sony]], B.O.C. Transhield, [[Thermalite]], [[Panasonic]] an [[The Automobile Association|The AA]] Operations Centre tae Thatcham. Toun centre facilities wur greatly enhancit in 1997 when a toun centre impruivement scheme wis carriet oot in the Broadway an the High Street. Shoppin facilities include twa supermercats in the toun centre an associatit smawer retail ootlets in arcades which supplement businesses awready established in the toun.<ref>{{cite web | title = Thatcham Today | url = http://www.thatchamtowncouncil.gov.uk/public/page.php?section=history&table=info&category=today | publisher = Thatcham Town Council | accessdate = 2010-01-21 | archive-date = 2011-07-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110716182606/http://www.thatchamtowncouncil.gov.uk/public/page.php?section=history&table=info&category=today | url-status = dead }}</ref> ==Govrenment== Thatcham is pairt o, an the admeenistrative centre o, the destrict admeenistered bi the [[unitar authority]] o [[West Berkshire]]. Thatcham is a [[ceevil parishes in Ingland|ceevil pairish]] an aw which includes [[Colthrop]], [[Crookham, Berkshire|Crookham]] an [[Thatcham Reed Beds]]. ===Twinnin=== The toun is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Nideggen]], [[Germany]] ==Geografie== Thatcham lees three mile east o Newbury. The Great Bath Road (nou the [[A4 road (Ingland)|A4]]), the [[Great Wastren Railwey]] line, the river Kennet an the [[Kennet an Avon Canal]] aw cross the pairish frae east tae wast. [[Thatcham railwey station]] lees tae the sooth o the toun. The [[River Lambourn]] joins the Kennet in the wast o the pairish near Ham Mill. The [[River Enborne]] forms pairt o the soothren border o the parish.<ref>{{cite web | title = Thatcham Location | url = http://www.berksfhs.org.uk/cms/Berkshire-Places/thatcham.html | publisher = Berkshire Places | accessdate = 2010-01-21 | archive-date = 2010-12-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101230143413/http://www.berksfhs.org.uk/cms/Berkshire-Places/thatcham.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> ===Thatcham Reed Beds=== [[File:Thatcham Reedbeds Nature Reserve - geograph.org.uk - 9490.jpg|right|thumb|[[Thatcham Reed Beds]]]] {{main|Thatcham Reed Beds}} Tae the sooth o Thatcham lees the Thatcham Reed Beds [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]], notifee'd in 1974. It is important naitionally for its extensive reedbed, species rich [[alder]] woodland an fen habitats. The latter supports [[Desmoulin's whorl snail]] ''(Vertigo moulinsiana)'', which is o naitional an European importance. A lairge assemblage o breedin birds includin naitionally rare species such as [[Cetti's Warbler]] (''Cettia cetti'') is an aa associatit wi the reedbed, fen an open water habitats foond at Thatcham Reed Beds.<ref>{{cite web | title=Thatcham Reed Beds | work=English Nature | url=http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002762.pdf | accessdate=2006-09-22}}</ref> ===Floodin=== {{see an aa|2007 Unitit Kinrick floods}} [[File:Thatcham Floods 2007.jpg|right|thumb|Thatcham durin the [[2007 Unitit Kinrick floods|2007 floods]]]] On Julie 20, 2007, pairts o Thatcham wur floodit durin a period o sustained hivy rain, durin which 3 times the average Julie monthly rainfaw hit the toun in juist 24 oors. While the rivers did no burst, the quantity o water flowin doun the hills frae [[Cold Ash]] an [[Bucklebury]] made mony roads impassable an strandit hunders o pupils at [[Kennet Schuil]] who tree'd tae wade wi rope athort Stoney Lane. Approximately 1100 properties wur affectit in this period, wi mony residents bein forced tae muive oot intae mobile hames.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thatchamtowncouncil.gov.uk/documents/info/Briefing_note_Flooding_and_Thatcham_090209.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-05-07 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716182237/http://www.thatchamtowncouncil.gov.uk/documents/info/Briefing_note_Flooding_and_Thatcham_090209.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Economy== ===Thatcham ratins=== To mony fowk in the UK, the name "Thatcham" is maist strangly associatit wi the approval ratings for caur security seestems issued bi the Motor Insurance Repair Research Centre near the toun (see link belaw). For instance, "Thatcham Cat 1" (or juist "Cat 1" is the approval for a combined [[car alarm]] an [[immobiliser]], "Thatcham Cat 2" is for a staundalane immobiliser an "Thatcham Cat 3" is for additional pheesical security devices such as steerin wheel locks. ==Education== On the A4 is a sma kirk schuil, umwhile a chapel foondit in 1304. It wis convertit tae a [[Bluecoat schuil]] bi Lady Frances Winchcomb in 1707, providin free eddication for 30 poor boys o the parishes o Thatcham, [[Bucklebury]], an [[Little Shefford]], an apprenticin some o them. It discontinued follaeing the attainder o [[Viscoont Bolingbroke|Lord Bolingbroke]], who wis the landawner an the anerlie survivin trustee. The schuil re-opened for 40 boys in Juin 1794, an continued in existence till 1914. A Naitional schuil wis biggit in 1826 on Clapper's Green, land donatit bi [[William Mount]]. Thare wis an' a' a Breetish schuil attached tae the Congregational chapel. [[Berkshire Record Office]] haulds the minutes for 1900-19, 1952-60. Thatcham’s [[seicontary schuil]] is [[Kennet Schuil]]. It is a Acadmey as o the 1st Aprile in 2006 wis the heichest achievin comprehensive schuil in Wast Berkshire uisin [[contextual value addit]] results.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/education/06/school_tables/secondary_schools/html/869_gcse_lea.stm BBC News - Education league tables]</ref> In the same year it wis an aa ratit as ane o the heichest achievin schuils in Ingland, rankin as the 101st best comprehensive in the [[The Guardian|Guardian's]] league table, based on A-level results<ref>[http://education.guardian.co.uk/alevels/page/0,,1852555,00.html Guardian A-level results]</ref> an 303rd based on GCSE results.<ref>[http://education.guardian.co.uk/gcses/table/0,,1858302,00.html Guardian GCSE results]</ref> Kennet is an aa ane o vera few schuils in Ingland tae hae three [[Specialist schuil|specialisms]], Technology College,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/specialistschools/excel/TechnologyJuly2006.xls?version=1 |title=DCSF specialism listing - Technology College (Excel file) |access-date=2011-05-07 |archive-date=2007-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213024625/http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/specialistschools/excel/TechnologyJuly2006.xls?version=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Airts College,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/specialistschools/excel/ArtsJuly2006.xls?version=1 |title=DCSF specialism listing - Arts College (Excel file) |access-date=2011-05-07 |archive-date=2008-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081108005226/http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/specialistschools/excel/ArtsJuly2006.xls?version=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> an maist recently Language College.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/specialistschools/excel/LanguagesJuly2006.xls?version=1 |title=DCSF specialism listing - Language College (Excel file) |access-date=2011-05-07 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927001415/http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/specialistschools/excel/LanguagesJuly2006.xls?version=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A primary schuil is named efter [[Francis Baily]], the renouned astronomer who wis frae an auld Thatcham faimily, an who wis eventually buried in the faimily vault unner the parish kirk. ==Transport== [[Image:Thatcham Station.jpg|right|thumb|[[Thatcham railway station]] lookin wast]] [[Thatcham railway station]] is served bilocal services bi [[First Great Western]] frae[[Reading railway station|Reading]] tae [[Newbury railway station|Newbury]] an frae [[Paddington station|Lunnon Paddington]] tae [[Bedwyn railway station|Bedwyn]]. A leemitit nummer o services stairtin frae Reading continue tae Bedwyn. It is an aa served bi a semi-fast [[InterCity 125|HST]] service frae Paddington tae the [[Wast Kintra]]. Thatcham station wis opened on 21 December 1847 as pairt o the [[Reading to Taunton line|Berks an Hants Line]] to Hungerford<ref>[http://web.ukonline.co.uk/cj.tolley/cjt-brhm.htm Basingstoke Railway History in Maps] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206131552/http://web.ukonline.co.uk/cj.tolley/cjt-brhm.htm |date=2008-12-06 }}. Accessed 2 September 2007</ref>. Traffic throu the station increased when the line wis extendit tae [[Taunton railway station|Taunton]] in 1906. The station remained as pairt o the [[Great Western Railway]] (GWR) til the naitionalisation o the railways in 1948. Efter the sectorisation o [[British Rail]] in 1982 the station became pairt o [[Network South East]] till the pynt o [[privatisation]]. Frae 1996 services wur providit bi [[Thames Trains]] till the franchise merged wi [[First Great Western]]. Maist local bus services are providit bi [[Reading Transport Ltd#Newbury Buses|Newbury Buses]], a diveesion o [[Reading Transport Ltd]]. ==Sport an leisure== [[Image:Chamberhouse Mill Lane - Thatcham Town FC - geograph.org.uk - 1364762.jpg|left|thumb|[[Thatcham Toun F.C.|Thatcham Toun]] gemme at Waterside Pairk]] Thatcham haes a [[fitbaa]] club, [[Thatcham Toun F.C.|Thatcham Town Football Club]] which wis foondit in 1894, who currently play in the [[Soothren League Diveesion Ane Sooth an Wast]]. Thay play thair hame gemmes at Waterside Pairk next tae the [[River Kennet]]. Thare is a [[cricket]] club in Thatcham cried Thatcham Toun Cricket Club who play in the Thames Valley League, the Berkshire League an the Borders Sunday League. The Club haes fower senior sides an a nummer o colt sides. The first recordit match wis Gentlemen o Thatcham an The Gentlemen o Aldermaston bein played at Thatcham Marsh on Julie 19t 1786.<ref>{{cite web | title = A Potted Historye | url = http://www.thatchamtowncc.co.uk/history/default.aspx | publisher = Thatcham Town Cricket Club | accessdate = 2010-01-21 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ===Henwick Worthy Sports Ground=== This sports grund is ideally situatit on the A4/Henwick Lane in Wast Thatcham wi approximately 130 caur pairkin spaces an space for coaches. Thare are excellent ootdoor facilities includin 11 gress pitches for fitbaa an rugby, 2 cricket pitches, an airtificial pitch, 3 tennis courts an 2 netbaw, a basketbaw court an childer's play aurie. 14 chyngin rooms are available. Newbury an Thatcham Hockey Clubhouse is based at the sports grund an its clubhoose is situatit thare.<ref>{{cite web | title = Henwick Worthy Sports Ground | url = http://www.thatchamtowncouncil.gov.uk/public/page.php?section=amenities&table=info&category=sports&record=164 | publisher = Thatcham Town Council | accessdate = 2010-01-21 | archive-date = 2011-09-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110928044907/http://www.thatchamtowncouncil.gov.uk/public/page.php?section=amenities&table=info&category=sports&record=164 | url-status = dead }}</ref> ===The Nature Discovery Centre=== {{Main|The Nature Discovery Centre}} [[Image:Thatcham Discovery Centre, Seating Area - geograph.org.uk - 37520.jpg|thumb|right|Thatcham Lake at [[The Nature Discovery Centre]]]] A local attraction is The Nature Discovery Centre situatit at Thatcham Lake, a floodit [[gravel]] [[quarry]] near tae the [[Thatcham Reed Beds]]. The Nature Discovery Centre opened in 1995 an currently attracts ower 75,000 visitors each year. A further estimatit 75,000 visitors uise the surroondin site for [[recreational]] activities throughoot the year. Thare are a nummer o paths, a widden sculptur trail an [[bird hide]]. The Visitor Centre haes a café an affers an extensive programme o events.<ref>{{cite web | title = Thatcham Tourist Information | url = http://www.touruk.co.uk/berkshire/Thatcham.htm | publisher = TourUK | accessdate = 2010-01-21 | archive-date = 2010-04-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100405013557/http://www.touruk.co.uk/berkshire/Thatcham.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> ==See an aw== * [[HMS Thatcham|HMS ''Thatcham'']], a [[Ham class minesweeper]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commonscat|Thatcham}} * [http://www.thatchamtowncouncil.gov.uk/ Thatcham Toun Cooncil] * [http://www.thatchamonline.net/ Thatcham Online] * [http://www.thatchamhistoricalsociety.org.uk/ Thatcham Historical Society] * [http://www.oldbluecoatschool.org.uk/ Auld Bluecoat School] * [http://www.thatcham.org/ The Motor Insurance Repair Research Centre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528134820/http://www.thatcham.org/ |date=2014-05-28 }} * [http://www.westberks.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=3791 Thatcham Nature Discovery Centre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530061215/http://www.westberks.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=3791 |date=2011-05-30 }} {{Wast Berkshire}} [[Category:Thatcham| ]] [[Category:Touns in Berkshire]] [[Category:Ceevil pairishes in Berkshire]] [[Category:Wast Berkshire]] [[Category:Kennet an Avon Canal]] qttgl1x4mk34i0dwdjgid6zkzfd8z5a 0 20898 914716 832245 2026-04-03T01:20:08Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |official_name = Safita |other_name = صا فيتا |settlement_type = Ceety |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = Safita_overview.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = Owerview o Safita. |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Syria <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize =250 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Sirie <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = [[Sirie]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Govrenorates o Sirie|Govrenorate]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Tartus Govrenorate]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Destricts o Sirie|Destrict]] |subdivision_name2 = Safita Destrict |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Metric <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title =Religions |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|34|49|N|36|07|E|region:SY|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = 43|43 |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} [[File:Chastel Blanc.jpg|thumb|140px|right|The Touer.]] '''Safita''' ({{lang-ar|<big>صا فيتا</big>}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|Ṣāfītā}}'') is a ceety in northwastren [[Sirie]], locatit tae the sootheast o [[Tartus]] an tae the northwast o [[Krak des Chevaliers]]. The city has a population of 33,000. It's situated atop three hills an the valleys atween them, in the [[Al-Ansariyah muntains|Sirie Coastal Muntain Range]]. Safita grew prominent durin the [[Crusade]]s, an wis inhabitit bi the [[Knichts Templar]] o the castle [[Chastel Blanc]], while a pairt o the [[Coonty o Tripoli]]. ==History== The ceety haes been inhabitit syne the times o the [[Phoenicie]]s, an several airchaeological discoveries hae been made, includin Phoenicie an Canaanite settlements. In 1102, [[Raymond IV o Toulouse]] began tae take the land o the Banu Ammars Emirs o Tripoli. A fower-year siege on [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]] resultit in full control o the ceety an mony lands surroondin it, includin Safita. [[Mamluk]] Sultan [[Baibars]] captured the castle in 1271. ==Sister ceeties== * {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Marrickville]], [[Australie]]<ref>[http://www.marrickville.nsw.gov.au/MARRICKVILLE/TEMPLATE/RESOURCES/DOCUMENTS/BusinessPapers/Council/Council1105bpsup1.pdf Supplementary Business Paper for Council Meeting 11/05] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215910/http://www.marrickville.nsw.gov.au/MARRICKVILLE/TEMPLATE/RESOURCES/DOCUMENTS/BusinessPapers/Council/Council1105bpsup1.pdf |date=2007-09-27 }}. 13 December 2005. Marrickville City Council. Retrieved on 1 July 2007.</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airins== * [http://www.safita1.com News wabsteid on Safita (in Arabic)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618160921/http://safita1.com/ |date=2013-06-18 }} * [http://www.safitaclub.com News wabsteid on Safita (in Arabic)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222603/http://www.safitaclub.com/ |date=2016-03-03 }} {{coord|34|49|N|36|07|E|region:SY_type:city_source:enwiki-GNS|display=title}} {{Tartus Govrenorate}} {{Phoenician ceeties an colonies navbox}} [[Category:Populatit places in Safita Destrict]] 1optydpungkf1eak0i4us5ecmdk9o10 0 42407 914737 890750 2026-04-03T07:08:50Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914737 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tennoji-ku in Osaka City.svg|thumb|Location of Tennōji-ku in Osaka Ceety]] {{Nihongo|'''Tennōji'''|天王寺区|Tennōji-ku}} is ane o 24 [[wairds o Japan|wairds]] o [[Osaka]], Japan. It is namit efter the ''[[Shitennō-ji]]'' (Temple o the [[Fower Heavenly Keengs]]), which is locatit in the waird. ==General information== [[File:Shitennoji03s3200.jpg|thumb|[[Shitennō-ji]] temple]] [[Tennōji Station]] is the ceety's main sootheastren rail terminal wi Osaka Municipal Subway's Tennōji Station Midōsuji Line an Tanimachi Line, JR Tennōji as the terminus o the JR [[Hanwa Line]] (an a major stop on the Kyoto Line, Osaka Loop Line, Yamatoji Line an Kansai Airport Line) an the Kintetsu Abenobashi Station, directly athort the street frae Tennōji station is the terminus o the [[Kintetsu Minami-Osaka Line]]. Consequently it haes become a built up area in soothren [[Osaka]]. The biggins aroond the station include, the Kintetsu depairtment store, Mio, Station Plaza, an Hoop shoppin maws, Apollo Movie Theater an Lucias depairtment store. It addition, thare are several shoppin streets in the aurie includin Abenobashisuji. ==Creeme== In 2011 body parts wur foond in a bin liner in Higashikozu Pairk. [http://www.japantoday.com/category/crime/view/part-of-human-leg-found-in-osaka-park] ==Economy== [[Aigan]], the eyeglasses (spectacles) chain, is heidquairtered in Tennōji-ku.<ref>"[http://www.aigan.co.jp/ir/index.html 会社概要・IR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430201108/http://www.aigan.co.jp/ir/index.html |date=2017-04-30 }}." ''[[Aigan]]''. Retrieved on May 19, 2009.</ref> == Attractions == * [[Shitennō-ji]] Temple is a historical steid anerlie 10 minutes bi fuit frae Tennōji. * [[Isshin-ji]] is a [[temple]] locatit atween Tennoji Pairk an Shitennō-ji. * [[Tennōji Pairk]], (immediately wast o the station), includes a museum an [[Tennōji Zoo]]. * [[Chausuyama Kofun]] is a [[Kofun]] locatit inside Tennōji Pairk. ==Entertainment == Tennōji itsel is hame tae the Osaka Municipal Museum o Airt, Tennōji Zoo, the Keitaku-en Japanese garden (built bi the Sumitomo Corporation) an the Tennōji Botanical Garden. There are three major shoppin centres richt bi Tennōji Station: Mio, a hip, upscale maw; [[Kintetsu Department Store]]; an Hoop. The nearbi [[Shinsekai]] entertainment destrict wis established in the early pairt o the last century an still teems wi scores o eateries. It is owerleukit bi the [[Tsūtenkaku|Tsutenkaku touer]], ane o Osaka's maist famous seembols. ==Train stations== [[File:JR-TennojiSta2.jpg|thumb|JR [[Tennōji Station]]]] *[[West Japan Railway Company]] (JR West) **[[Osaka Loop Line]]: [[Tennōji Station]] - [[Teradachō Station]] - [[Momodani Station]] - [[Tsuruhashi Station]] - [[Tamatsukuri Station]] **[[Hanwa Line]], [[Kansai Main Line]] ([[Yamatoji Line]]): [[Tennōji Station]] *[[Kintetsu]] **[[Kintetsu Osaka Line|Osaka Line]]: [[Osaka Uehommachi Station]] - [[Tsuruhashi Station]] **[[Osaka Abenobashi Station]] on the [[Kintetsu Minami-Osaka Line|Minami-Osaka Line]] in Abeno-ku is close tae Tennōji Station in Tennōji-ku. *[[Hankai Tramway]] **[[Hankai Uemachi Line]]: [[Tennōji Station|Tennōji-eki-mae Station]] (Locatit in Abeno-ku, but close to Tennōji Station in Tennōji-ku.) *[[Osaka Municipal Subway]] **[[Tanimachi Line]]: [[Tanimachi Kyuchome Station]] - [[Shitennoji-mae Yuhigaoka Station]] - [[Tennōji Station]] **Tennōji Station on the [[Midōsuji Line]] is locatit in Abeno-ku, but close tae Tennōji-ku. **[[Sennichimae Line]]: Tanimachi Kyuchome Station - Tsuruhashi Station **[[Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line]]: Tamatsukuri Station ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category-inline|Tennoji-ku, Osaka|Tennōji-ku, Osaka}} * [http://www.city.osaka.lg.jp/contents/wdu020/tennoji/english/ Offeecial wabsteid o Tennōji]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Osaka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennoji-ku, Osaka}} [[Category:Wairds o Osaka]] aj8kh7flyrvfvbel344hqp730on7kev 0 44887 914717 911697 2026-04-03T01:34:28Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Russian town |en_name=Salekhard |ru_name=Салехард |other_name=Пуӆңават |other_lang=Khanty |image_skyline= |image_caption= |coordinates = {{coord|66|32|N|66|36|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=bottom |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Salekhard (Yamal Nenetsia).png |coa_caption= |image_flag=Flag of Salekhard (Yamal Nenetsia).png |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=[[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] |federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Ref928" /> |adm_data_as_of=September 2009 |adm_city_jur=[[ceety o federal subject significance|toun o okrug significance]] o Salekhard |adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref928" /> |adm_ctr_of1=Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug |adm_ctr_of1_ref=<ref name="Ref928" /> |adm_ctr_of2=toun o okrug significance o Salekhard |adm_ctr_of2_ref=<ref name="Ref928" /> |inhabloc_cat=Toun |inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="Ref928" /> |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_data_as_of=June 2010 |urban_okrug_jur=Salekhard Urban Okrug |urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref933" /> |mun_admctr_of=Salekhard Urban Okrug |mun_admctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref933" /> |leader_title=Mayor |leader_title_ref= |leader_name=Alexander Spirin |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=42544 |pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=1595 |established_title= |established_date_ref= |current_cat_date=1938 |current_cat_date_ref= |prev_name1=Obdorsk |prev_name1_date=1933 |prev_name1_ref= |prev_name2= |prev_name2_date= |prev_name2_ref= |postal_codes= |postal_codes_ref= |dialing_codes=34922 |dialing_codes_ref=<ref>[http://www.btk-online.ru/phcode/1358.html Телефонные коды городов] (in Russian). Retrieved 2010-09-24.</ref> |website=http://www.salekhard.org/ |website_ref= |commonscat=Salekhard |date=March 2011 }} '''Salekhard''' ({{lang-ru|Салеха́рд}}; [[Khanty leid|Khanty]]: {{lang|kca|Пуӆңават}}; {{lang-yrk|Саляʼ харад}}, lit. ''hoose on a peninsulae'') is a [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|toun]] an the [[admeenistrative centre]] o [[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]], [[Roushie]]. It is the closest toun tae the [[Polar circle]], the main pairts bein aboot {{convert|1|km|sp=us}} sooth an suburbs stretchin tae the north o the circle. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=42,544|p2002=36,827|p1989=32,334}} ==History== The dounset o '''Obdorsk''' ({{lang|ru|Обдорск}}) wis foondit in 1595, in the place o a [[Khanty fowk|Khanty]] dounset cried Polnovat-Vozh ({{lang|ru|Полноват-вож}}), bi Roushie settlers efter the conquest o [[Siberie]]. It wis situatit on the [[Ob River]], an its name supposedly derives frae that. The laund aroond Obdorsk wis referred tae as Obdorsky [[krai]], or '''Obdoriya'''. The toun wis aften uised as a place o exile durin the Tsarist an Soviet periods. Amang notable fowk who spent time here wis the [[Doukhobor]] spiritual leader [[Peter Vasilevich Verigin|Pyotr Verigin]]. The toun an nearbi aurie contained three Soviet camps whaur approximately 6,500 preesoners wur held, [http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2011/March/Stalins-Railroad-of-Death-Witnesses-Revival/ arrested for their belief in God] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616024424/http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2011/March/Stalins-Railroad-of-Death-Witnesses-Revival/ |date=2013-06-16 }}. At the port o Salekhard, approximately 1,500 preesoners loadit an unloadit guids at the dock, or mined metal ores. Aboot 5,000 preesoners in twa camps near Salekhard wur assigned tae pols diamonds mined frae [[Mirny]]. On 10 Dizember 1930, Obdorsk became the admeenistrative centre o the new Yamal (Nenets) Naitional Okrug. It wis renamit Salekhard in 1933, an grantit toun status in 1938. ==Admeenistrative an municipal status== Athin the [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Admeenistrative diveesions|framewirk o admeenistrative diveesions]], it is, thegither wi ane [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|landwart locality]], incorporatit as the '''[[ceety o federal subject significance|toun o okrug significance]] o Salekhard'''—an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the [[admeenistrative diveesions o Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug|destricts]].<ref name="Ref928">Law #42-ZAO</ref> As a [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Municipal diveesions|municipal diveesion]], the toun o okrug significance o Salekhard is incorporatit as '''Salekhard Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref933">Law #26-ZAO</ref> ==Economy== [[Yamal Airlines]] haes its heid office in Salekhard.<ref>[http://www.yamal.aero/ Yamal Airlines] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420003624/http://yamal.aero/ |date=2011-04-20 }}. Retrieved on February 27, 2012.</ref> ===Transportation=== The toun is servit bi the [[Salekhard Airport]]. The nearest railwey is at [[Labytnangi]] on the opposite side o the river Ob. Frae 1949 tae 1953, the [[Salekhard-Igarka Railway]] project made an unsuccessful attempt tae extend the line tae [[Igarka]], claimin the lives o thoosans o [[Gulag]] preesoners. The section o railwey frae Salekhard tae [[Nadym]] wis completit an remained in uise for some time in the Soviet era, awtho it wis later abandoned. It is currently bein rebuilt, alang wi a lang-awaitit brig athort the Ob atween Labytnangi an Salekhard. {{As o|2010}}, caurs an larries cross the river bi drivin athort the frozen river ice for 9–10 month a year. In the simmer a ferry operates, "but twice a year, durin floatin o ice, Salekhard lives in a staundalane mode, completely cut aff frae the warld. Anerlie helicopter in case o emergency. Native fowk aye build safety stock o fuid at hame, in the shops, in the mercat for this period, but they still hae saisonal price increasin."<ref>2010/2011 visitor Любовь</ref> ==Climate== Salekhard haes a [[subairctic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfc'') wi short, mild simmers an severly cauld winters. Precipitation is moderate, an is significantly greater in simmer than in winter. <div style="width:70%;"> {{Weather box |location=Salekhard |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C = 3.5 |Feb record high C = 1.9 |Mar record high C = 5.7 |Apr record high C = 15.5 |May record high C = 24.5 |Jun record high C = 31.6 |Jul record high C = 32.9 |Aug record high C = 29.9 |Sep record high C = 24.8 |Oct record high C = 18.2 |Nov record high C = 7.0 |Dec record high C = 4.1 |Jan high C = −18.8 |Feb high C = −18.5 |Mar high C = −9.9 |Apr high C = −4.0 |May high C = 3.7 |Jun high C = 14.3 |Jul high C = 19.7 |Aug high C = 15.7 |Sep high C = 8.8 |Oct high C = -0.2 |Nov high C = −11.3 |Dec high C = −16.2 |Jan mean C = −23.2 |Feb mean C = −22.9 |Mar mean C = −14.9 |Apr mean C = −9.1 |May mean C = -0.5 |Jun mean C = 9.5 |Jul mean C = 14.8 |Aug mean C = 11.4 |Sep mean C = 5.3 |Oct mean C = -3.0 |Nov mean C = −15.3 |Dec mean C = −20.7 |Jan low C = −27.8 |Feb low C = −27.4 |Mar low C = −19.9 |Apr low C = −14.0 |May low C = −4.2 |Jun low C = 5.2 |Jul low C = 10.0 |Aug low C = 7.3 |Sep low C = 2.2 |Oct low C = −6.0 |Nov low C = −19.5 |Dec low C = −25.2 |Jan record low C = −51.3 |Feb record low C = −53.7 |Mar record low C = −47.4 |Apr record low C = −38.7 |May record low C = −30.8 |Jun record low C = −11.0 |Jul record low C = −1.0 |Aug record low C = −5.5 |Sep record low C = −9.6 |Oct record low C = −35.7 |Nov record low C = −47.1 |Dec record low C = −51.5 |Jan precipitation mm = 23 |Feb precipitation mm = 19 |Mar precipitation mm = 21 |Apr precipitation mm = 26 |May precipitation mm = 37 |Jun precipitation mm = 51 |Jul precipitation mm = 65 |Aug precipitation mm = 69 |Sep precipitation mm = 42 |Oct precipitation mm = 46 |Nov precipitation mm = 28 |Dec precipitation mm = 27 |Jan rain days = 0.1 |Feb rain days = 0 |Mar rain days = 0.5 |Apr rain days = 3 |May rain days = 10 |Jun rain days = 17 |Jul rain days = 18 |Aug rain days = 21 |Sep rain days = 20 |Oct rain days = 9 |Nov rain days = 1 |Dec rain days = 0 |Jan snow days = 26 |Feb snow days = 23 |Mar snow days = 23 |Apr snow days = 16 |May snow days = 13 |Jun snow days = 2 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 3 |Oct snow days = 17 |Nov snow days = 24 |Dec snow days = 27 |Jan humidity= 83 |Feb humidity= 82 |Mar humidity= 81 |Apr humidity= 78 |May humidity= 77 |Jun humidity= 70 |Jul humidity= 72 |Aug humidity= 79 |Sep humidity= 82 |Oct humidity= 86 |Nov humidity= 85 |Dec humidity= 83 |Jan sun = 4.0 |Feb sun = 48.0 |Mar sun = 135.0 |Apr sun = 209.0 |May sun = 233.0 |Jun sun = 270.0 |Jul sun = 307.0 |Aug sun = 185.0 |Sep sun = 96.0 |Oct sun = 57.0 |Nov sun = 18.0 |Dec sun = 0.0 |source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web |url = http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/23330.htm |title = Pogoda.ru.net - Climate Data for Salekhard |accessdate = January 18, 2013 |language = Russian |archive-date = 2013-04-16 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130416003644/http://www.pogoda.ru.net/climate/23330.htm |url-status = dead }}</ref> |source 2 = NOAA (sun only, 1961-1990)<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web |url = ftp://dossier.ogp.noaa.gov/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/RA/23330.TXT |title = Salekhard Climate Normals 1961-1990 |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |accessdate = January 18, 2013}}</ref> }} </div> ==Internaitional relations== {{Main|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Roushie}} ===Twin touns an sister cities=== Salekhard is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: *[[Azov]], [[Rostov Oblast]], Roushie ==References== ===Notes=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|yan|adm|law}} *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|yan|mun|list|salekhard}} ==Freemit airtins== *{{Ru icon}} [http://www.salekhard.org/ Offeecial wabsteid o Salekhard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924132933/https://salekhard.org/ |date=2020-09-24 }} *Offeecial wabsteid o Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. [http://www.adm.yanao.ru/127/ Information aboot Salekhard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525042339/http://www.adm.yanao.ru/127/ |date=2007-05-25 }} {{Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug}} [[Category:Salekhard| ]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1595]] [[Category:Populatit places o Airctic Roushie]] kfcd1jnrvtj7u9q7p2hrqrp9q4r8p7r 0 45304 914744 905233 2026-04-03T08:32:53Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Turks<br />''Türkler'' | image = Turks collage.png | pop = '''{{circa}} 63–69 million'''{{ref label|en|a}} |popplace = {{flagcountry|Turkey}} 55,589,988- 59,560,701 (2008 est. o 2015 pop.)<ref name=CIATurkey>{{Cite web|author=CIA|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html|accessdate=27 July 2011|archive-date=2017-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920072149/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br />{{flagcountry|Northern Cyprus}} 280,000 {{Cref|d}}<ref name=CIACyprus>{{Cite web|author=CIA|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/Library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.htmll|accessdate=13 June 2015}}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.devplan.org/Nufus-2011/nufus%20son_.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-01-19 |archive-date=2013-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927104440/http://www.devplan.org/Nufus-2011/nufus%20son_.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''<small>Tap immigrant destinations</small>''' | region1 = {{flagcountry|Germany}} | pop1 = 2,714,000–2,800,000 '''<small>(includin Turkis Kurds)</small>'''{{Cref|f}}{{Cref|b}}<ref>[http://www.bib-demografie.de/SharedDocs/Glossareintraege/DE/B/bevoelkerung_migrationshintergrund.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090453/http://www.bib-demografie.de/SharedDocs/Glossareintraege/DE/B/bevoelkerung_migrationshintergrund.html |date=2015-05-18 }} German Statistical Office-Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund</ref><ref name=census2011>{{cite web|url=https://ergebnisse.zensus2011.de/#dynTable:statUnit=PERSON;absRel=ANZAHL;ags=00,02,01,13,03,05,09,14,16,08,15,12,11,10,07,06,04;agsAxis=X;yAxis=MHGLAND_HLND|title=Zensusdatenbank - Ergebnisse des Zensus 2011|publisher=|accessdate=25 April 2015|archive-date=2013-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605031517/https://ergebnisse.zensus2011.de/#dynTable:statUnit=PERSON;absRel=ANZAHL;ags=00,02,01,13,03,05,09,14,16,08,15,12,11,10,07,06,04;agsAxis=X;yAxis=MHGLAND_HLND|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ref1 = <ref name="Kötter et al 2003 loc=53">{{Harvnb|Kötter|Vonthein|Günaydin|Müller|2003|loc=55}}.</ref><ref name="Haviland et al 2010 loc=675">{{Harvnb|Haviland|Prins|Walrath|McBride|2010|loc=675}}.</ref> | region2 = {{flagcountry|Fraunce}} | pop2 = 500,000 | ref2 = <ref name="Leveau & Hunter 2002 loc=6">{{Harvnb|Leveau|Hunter|2002|loc=6}}.</ref> | region3 = {{flagcountry|Unitit Kinrick}} | pop3 = 500,000{{Cref|a}} | ref3 = <ref name="Home Affairs Committee 2011 loc=38">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Home Affairs Committee|2011|loc=38}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=The Guardian|title=UK immigration analysis needed on Turkish legal migration, say MPs|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/aug/01/turkish-immigration-possibilities-assessed|date= 1 August 2011|accessdate=1 August 2011|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name="Federation of Turkish Associations UK">{{cite web|author=Federation of Turkish Associations UK|title=Short history of the Federation of Turkish Associations in UK|url=http://www.turkishfederationuk.org/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26&Itemid=31|date=19 June 2008|accessdate=13 April 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5xuhy1DrI?url=http://www.turkishfederationuk.org/en/index.php?option=com_content|archivedate=2011-04-13|deadurl=no|url-status=dead}}{{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5xuhy1DrI?url=http://www.turkishfederationuk.org/en/index.php?option=com_content |date=2011-04-13 }}</ref> | region4 = {{flagcountry|Netherlands}} | pop4 = 396,414{{Cref|e}}–500,000{{Cref|c}} | ref4 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Foreigners in thee Netherlands|url=http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=37325&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=a&D6=l&VW=T}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Netherlands Info Services|title=Dutch Queen Tells Turkey 'First Steps Taken' On EU Membership Road|url=http://www.nisnews.nl/public/010307_2.htm|accessdate=16 December 2008|archive-date=2009-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113011501/http://www.nisnews.nl/public/010307_2.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author= Dutch News|title=Dutch Turks swindled, AFM to investigate|url=http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2007/03/dutch_turks_swindled_afm_to_in.php|accessdate=16 December 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi|2008|loc=11}}.</ref> | region5 = {{flagcountry|Austrick}} | pop5 = 350,000–500,000 | ref5 = <ref>{{Cite news|publisher=BBC News |title=Turkey's ambassador to Austria prompts immigration spat|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11725311|accessdate=10 November 2010|date=10 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=CBN|title=Turkey's Islamic Ambitions Grip Austria|url=http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2010/April/Turkeys-Mulism-Influence-in-Austria/|accessdate=16 October 2011|archive-date=2010-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409034756/http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2010/April/Turkeys-Mulism-Influence-in-Austria/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region6 = {{flagcountry|Belgium}} | pop6 = 200,000 | ref6 = <ref>http://statbel.fgov.be/fr/modules/publications/statistiques/population/population_natio_sexe_groupe_classe_d_ges_au_1er_janvier_2010.jsp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222192722/http://statbel.fgov.be/fr/modules/publications/statistiques/population/population_natio_sexe_groupe_classe_d_ges_au_1er_janvier_2010.jsp |date=2011-12-22 }}</ref><ref name="King Baudouin Foundation 2008 loc=5">{{Harvnb|King Baudouin Foundation|2008|loc=5}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=De Morgen|title=Koning Boudewijnstichting doorprikt clichés rond Belgische Turken|url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/989/Binnenland/article/detail/159126/2008/02/04/Koning-Boudewijnstichting-doorprikt-clich-s-rond-Belgische-Turken.dhtml|accessdate=15 November 2010}}</ref> | region7 = {{flagcountry|Unitit States}} | pop7 = 196,222-500,000 {{Cref|b}} | ref7 = <ref name="2013US">{{cite web |author=U.S. Census Bureau|title=TOTAL ANCESTRY REPORTED Universe: Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|accessdate=2012-10-03}}</ref><ref name="EncyclopediaofClevelandHistory">{{cite web |author=Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |title=Immigration and Ethnicity: Turks |url=http://ech.case.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=TIC |accessdate=7 February 2010 |archive-date=2017-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326092411/http://ech.case.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=TIC |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=WashingtonDiplomat>{{cite web |author=The Washington Diplomat|title=Census Takes Aim to Tally'Hard to Count' Populations|url=http://www.washdiplomat.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6036:census-takes-aim-to-tallyhard-to-count-populations-&catid=205:april-2010&Itemid=239|accessdate=5 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="Farkas 2003 loc=40">{{Harvnb|Farkas|2003|loc=40}}.</ref> | region8 = {{flagcountry|Swaden}} | pop8 = 100,000-150,000 | ref8 = <ref>{{cite web|author=Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency|title=Turkiet är en viktig bro mellan Öst och Väst|url=http://www.sida.se/Svenska/Lander--regioner/Europa/Turkiet/Utvecklingen-i-Turkiet/|accessdate=2011-04-14|archive-date=2012-09-11|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911145333/http://www.sida.se/Svenska/Lander--regioner/Europa/Turkiet/Utvecklingen-i-Turkiet/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=SwedishAffairs>{{cite web|author=Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs|title=Ankara Historia|url=http://www.swedenabroad.com/Page____24644.aspx|accessdate=2011-04-14|archive-date=2011-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722061226/http://www.swedenabroad.com/Page____24644.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region9 = {{flagcountry|Swisserland}} | pop9 = 70,440 {{Cref|e}} | ref9 = <ref name=Auslander>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/07/blank/key/01/01.html Ständige ausländische Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit, am Ende des Jahres] Swiss Federal Statistical Office, accessed 6 October 2014</ref> | region10 = {{flagcountry|Australie}} | pop10 = 66,919-150,000 {{Cref|b}} | ref10 = <ref>[https://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/immigration-update/people-australia-2013-statistics.pdf 2011 census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714131850/https://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/immigration-update/people-australia-2013-statistics.pdf |date=2014-07-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=The Sydney Morning Herald|title=Old foes, new friends|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/World/Old-foes-new-friends/2005/04/22/1114152326767.html |accessdate=26 December 2008 | date=23 April 2005}}</ref><ref name=RofT>{{cite web|author=Presidency of the Republic of Turkey|year=2010|title=Turkey-Australia: "From Çanakkale to a Great Friendship|url=http://www.tccb.gov.tr/news/397/49087/turkeyaustralia-from-canakkale-to-a-great-friendship.html|accessdate=14 July 2011|archive-date=2011-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004182221/http://www.tccb.gov.tr/news/397/49087/turkeyaustralia-from-canakkale-to-a-great-friendship.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=OECD>{{cite web|author=OECD|year=2009|title=International Questionnaire: Migrant Education Policies in Response to Longstanding Diversity: TURKEY|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/43/54/43901805.pdf|publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|page=3}}</ref> | region11 = {{flagcountry|Denmark}} | pop11 = 28,892 {{Cref|f}}{{Cref|b}} | ref11 = <ref>{{cite web|author=Statistikbanken|title=Danmarks Statistik|url=http://statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?MainTable=FOLK1&PLanguage=0&PXSId=0|accessdate=2015-06-13|archive-date=2012-07-14|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714104302/http://statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?MainTable=FOLK1&PLanguage=0&PXSId=0|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region12 = {{flagcountry|Canadae}} | pop12 = 24,910 {{Cref|b}} | ref12 = <ref name="statcan1">{{cite web |url=http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/demo26a-eng.htm |title=Population by selected ethnic origins, by province and territory (2006 Census) |publisher=statcan.gc.ca |date=2009-07-28 |accessdate=2010-09-10 |archive-date=2012-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309165644/http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/demo26a-eng.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region13 = {{flag|Italy}} |pop13 = 22,580 {{Cref|e}} |ref13 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/129854 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-01-19 |archive-date=2020-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425193119/https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/129854 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | region14 = {{flagcountry|Israel}} | pop14 = 22,000 | ref14 = <ref>{{Harvnb|Council of Europe|2007|loc=131}}.</ref> '''<small>minority or immigrant commonties in the [[Middle East]]</small>''' | region16 = {{flagcountry|Iraq}} | pop16 = 500,000-600,000 | ref16 = <ref name="Park 2005 loc=37">{{Harvnb|Park|2005|loc=37}}.</ref><ref name="Phillips 2006 loc=112">{{Harvnb|Phillips|2006|loc=112}}.</ref>{{Cref|l}} | region18 = {{flagcountry|Sirie}} | pop18 = 100,000 | ref18 = <ref>{{cite book|last=Phillips|first=David J.|title=Peoples on the Move: Introducing the Nomads of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=54gyRnhIugkC&pg=PA301|accessdate=12 November 2012|date=1 January 2001|publisher=William Carey Library|isbn=978-0-87808-352-7|page=301}}</ref> | region19 = {{flagcountry|Saudi Arabie}} | pop19 = 150,000–200,000 {{Cref|b}} | ref19 = <ref name="Akar 1993 loc=95">{{Harvnb|Akar|1993|loc=95}}.</ref><ref name="Karpat 2004 loc=12">{{Harvnb|Karpat|2004|loc=12}}.</ref> | region21 = {{flagcountry|Jordan}} | pop21 = 60,000 | ref21 = <ref name="Akar 1993 loc=95"/> | region22 = {{flagcountry|Lebanon}} | pop22 = 50,000–80,000 | ref22 = <ref name=Al-Akhbar>{{cite web|author=Al-Akhbar|title=Lebanese Turks Seek Political and Social Recognition|url=http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/lebanese-turks-seek-political-and-social-recognition|accessdate=2 March 2012|archive-date=2018-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620232105/https://english.al-akhbar.com/content/lebanese-turks-seek-political-and-social-recognition|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=Today's Zaman|title=Tension adds to existing wounds in Lebanon|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action;jsessionid=9D641F96F47DDD54F28B8F8B07FFF815?newsId=233911|accessdate=6 April 2011|archive-date=2012-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111231644/http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action%3Bjsessionid%3D9D641F96F47DDD54F28B8F8B07FFF815?newsId=233911|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region23 = {{flagcountry|Libie}} | pop23 = 50,000 {{Cref|b}} | ref23 = <ref name="Akar 1993 loc=95"/> '''<small>minorities in the [[Balkans]]</small>''' | region24 = {{flagcountry|Bulgarie}} | pop24 = 588,318–800,000 | ref24 = <ref>{{cite web|author=National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria|year=2011|title=2011 Population Census in the Republic of Bulgaria (Final data)|url=http://www.nsi.bg/census2011/PDOCS2/Census2011final_en.pdf|publisher=National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria}}</ref><ref name="Sosyal 2011 loc=369">{{Harvnb|Sosyal|2011|loc=369}}.</ref><ref name="Bokova 2010 loc=170">{{Harvnb|Bokova|2010|loc=170}}.</ref> | region25 = {{flagcountry|Republic o Macedonie}} | pop25 = 77,959 | ref25 =<ref>http://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/kniga_13.pdf</ref><ref name="Republic of Macedonia State Statistical Office 2005 loc=34">{{Harvnb|Republic of Macedonia State Statistical Office|2005|loc=34}}.</ref><ref name="Knowlton 2005 loc=66">{{Harvnb|Knowlton|2005|loc=66}}.</ref><ref name="Abrahams 1996 loc=53">{{Harvnb|Abrahams|1996|loc=53}}.</ref> | region26 = {{flagcountry|Greece}} | pop26 = 49,000 (official estimate)–80,000 {{Cref|g}} | ref26 = <ref>[http://www.minelres.lv/reports/greece/greece_NGO.htm Greek Helsinki Monitor]</ref><ref name="Demographics of Greece">{{cite web |url=http://www.eurfedling.org/Greece.htm|title=Demographics of Greece|work=European Union National Languages|accessdate=19 December 2010}}</ref> | region27 = {{flagcountry|Romanie}} | pop27 = 27,700 | ref27 =<ref name="Romanian National Institute of Statistics 2011 loc=10">{{ro icon}} [http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/REZULTATE-DEFINITIVE-RPL_2011.pdf "Comunicat de presă privind rezultatele definitive ale Recensământului Populaţiei şi Locuinţelor – 2011"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717125951/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/REZULTATE-DEFINITIVE-RPL_2011.pdf |date=2013-07-17 }}, at the 2011 Romanian census site; accessed July 11, 2013</ref><ref name="Phinnemore 2006 loc=157">{{Harvnb|Phinnemore|2006|loc=157}}.</ref><ref name="Constantin et al 2006 loc=59">{{Harvnb|Constantin|Goschin|Dragusin|2008|loc=59}}.</ref> | region28 = {{flagcountry|Kosovo}} | pop28 = 18,738 | ref28 = <ref name="ReferenceA">2011 census in the Republic of Kosovo</ref> '''<small>minorities in the [[Post-Soviet states|umwhile USSR states]]</small>''' | region29 = {{flagcountry|Roushie}} | pop29 = 109,883–150,000 | ref29 = <ref>2010 Russia census</ref><ref name="Ryazantsev 2009 loc=172">{{Harvnb|Ryazantsev|2009|loc=172}}.</ref> | region30 = {{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}} | pop30 = 104,792–150,000 {{Cref|h}} | ref30 = <ref name="Demogr2013">{{Cite web |url=http://www.stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT081783 |title=Агентство Республики Казахстан по статистике. Этнодемографический сборник Республики Казахстан 2014. |access-date=2016-01-19 |archive-date=2017-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108091746/http://www.stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT081783 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Aydıngün et al 2006 loc=13">{{Harvnb|Aydıngün|Harding|Hoover|Kuznetsov|2006|loc=13}}.</ref> | region31 = {{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}} | pop31 = 40,953-50,000 {{Cref|h}} | ref31 = <ref>Kyrgyz 2009 census</ref><ref name="Aydıngün et al 2006 loc=13"/><ref>{{Cite web|author=IRIN Asia|title=KYRGYZSTAN: Focus on Mesketian Turks |url=http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=28663|accessdate=17 March 2010}}</ref> | region32 = {{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}} | pop32 = 38,000–110,000 {{Cref|h}} | ref32 =<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121130101713/http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/en/AP_/1_5.xls Переписи населения Азербайджана 1979, 1989, 1999, 2009 годов]</ref><ref name="Aydıngün et al 2006 loc=13"/><ref name="UNHCR 1999 loc=14">{{Harvnb|UNHCR|1999|loc=14}}.</ref><ref name=NATOPA>{{cite web|author=NATO Parliamentary Assembly|title=Minorities in the South Caucasus: Factor of Instability?|url=http://www.nato-pa.int/default.asp?SHORTCUT=683|accessdate=16 January 2012|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225063436/https://www.nato-pa.int/default.asp?SHORTCUT=683|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region33 = {{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}} | pop33 = 15,000–20,000 | ref33 = <ref>{{Harvnb|Council of Europe|2006|loc=23}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Aydıngün|Harding|Hoover|Kuznetsov|2006|loc=13}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Blacklock|2005|loc=8}}</ref> | region34 = {{flagcountry|Ukraine}} | pop34 = 8,844 | ref34 = <ref name=census>{{cite web|author=State Statistics Service of Ukraine|title=Ukrainian Census (2001):The distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue|url=http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/nationality_population/nationality_1/|accessdate=2012-01-16|archive-date=2008-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501100907/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/nationality_population/nationality_1/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | languages = [[Turkis leid|Turkis]] | religions = Predominantly [[Islam]]<ref name="KONDA">{{cite web |url=http://www.konda.com.tr/en/reports.php |title=Religion, Secularism and the Veil in Daily Life Survey |date=September 2007 |website= |publisher=Konda Arastirma |accessdate=24 May 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325005232/http://www.konda.com.tr/html/dosyalar/ghdl%26t_en.pdf |archivedate=2009-03-25 |url-status=dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325005232/http://www.konda.com.tr/html/dosyalar/ghdl%26t_en.pdf |date=2009-03-25 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sorular.rightsagenda.org/soru-cevap/?g=9|title=IHGD - Soru Cevap - Azınlıklar|publisher=|accessdate=18 March 2015|archive-date=2020-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525161436/http://sorular.rightsagenda.org/soru-cevap/?g=9|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.angelfire.com/az/rescon/ALEVI.html|title=THE ALEVI OF ANATOLIA: TURKEY'S LARGEST MINORITY|publisher=|accessdate=18 March 2015|archive-date=2012-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423153420/http://www.angelfire.com/az/rescon/ALEVI.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philtar.ac.uk/encyclopedia/islam/shia/shia.html|title=Shi'a|publisher=|accessdate=18 March 2015}}</ref><br/> <small>([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]{{·}}[[Alevism|Alevi]]{{·}}[[Bektashi]]{{·}}[[Twaler Shia]]{{·}}[[Ja'fari]]{{·}}[[nan-denominational Muslim|nandenominational]])</small><br/> Minority [[irreleegion|irreleegious]]<ref name="KONDA"/><ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf ReportDGResearchSocialValuesEN2.PDF<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[Christianity]]<ref>[http://www.chowk.com/khadijabibi/iLogs/life/35000-Moslems-convert-into-Christianity-each-year-in-Turkey 35,000 Moslems convert into Christianity each year in Turkey.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319183323/http://www.chowk.com/khadijabibi/iLogs/life/35000-Moslems-convert-into-Christianity-each-year-in-Turkey |date=2012-03-19 }}</ref><ref name="hurriyetdailynews.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=christians-in-east-remain-worried-despite-church-opening-2011-07-20|title=TURKEY - Christians in eastern Turkey worried despite church opening|publisher=|accessdate=18 March 2015|archive-date=2017-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620044000/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=christians-in-east-remain-worried-despite-church-opening-2011-07-20|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7355515.stm|title=BBC News - When Muslims become Christians|publisher=|accessdate=18 March 2015}}</ref> | footnotes = a. {{note|en|}} The total figur is merely a estimation; sum o aw the referencit populations. }} The '''Turkis fowk''', or the '''Turks''', ({{lang-tr|Türkler}}), is a [[naition]] an an [[ethnic group]] primarily livin in [[Turkey]], an in the umwhike launds o the [[Ottoman Empire]] whaur [[Turkis minorities]] hae been established. The Turkis minorities are the seicont lairgest ethnic groups in [[Bulgarie]] an [[Cyprus]]. In addeetion, due tae modren migration, a [[Turkis diaspora]] haes been established, pairticularly in [[Wastren Europe]] (see [[Turks in Europe]]), whaur lairge commonties hae been formit in [[Austrick]], [[Belgium]], [[France]], [[Germany]], the [[Netherlands]] an the [[Unitit Kinrick]]. Thare significant Turkis commonties livin in [[Australie]], the umwhile [[Soviet Union]] an [[North Americae]]. ==References an notes== {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Turkis fowk| ]] 4lojq0i1n5qm17f3erqk8s8nmeb61zd 0 45418 914747 910370 2026-04-03T11:06:30Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}} {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Vietnamese fowk<br/>Kinh people<br/>''người Việt<br/>người Kinh'' |population = ~86 million |region1 = {{VIE}} |pop1 = 82,085,826 <small>(2019)</small> |ref1 = <ref name="Census2019">{{cite web|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YK6iY-j0AfZTuip28Py2Gmz5P8zw04Rn/view?usp=sharing|title=Report on Results of the 2019 Census |publisher=General Statistics Office of Vietnam |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> |region2 = {{USA}} |pop2 = 2,067,527 <small>(2016)</small> |ref2 = <ref name="2016 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates">{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_1YR/B02018|title=ASIAN ALONE OR IN ANY COMBINATION BY SELECTED GROUPS: 2016|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=24 September 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213004721/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_1YR/B02018|archive-date=13 February 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> |region3 = {{CAM}} |pop3 = 400,000-1,000,000 |ref3 = <ref name="RFA Khmer">{{cite news|last1=Ponnudurai|first1=Parameswaran|title=Ethnic Vietnamese in Cambodia Left in Limbo Without Citizenship|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/cambodia/vietnamese-03192014205359.html|access-date=13 March 2018|work=Radio Free Asia|agency=RFA Khmer Service|date=19 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Vietnamese in Cambodia|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12700/CB|website=Joshua Project|access-date=13 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="cambodia">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/03/28/magazine/cambodia-persecuted-minority-water-refuge.html|title=A People in Limbo, Many Living Entirely on the Water|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|date=2018-03-28}}</ref> |region4 = {{JPN}} |pop4 = 420,415 <small>(2020)</small> |ref4 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moj.go.jp/isa/publications/press/nyuukokukanri04_00018.html|title=令和２年６月末現在における在留外国人数について|publisher=Immigration Services Agency, Ministry of Justice|date=2020-10-09|access-date=2021-02-02}}</ref> |region5 = {{FRA}} |pop5 = ~400,000 |ref5 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://lepetitjournal.com/ho-chi-minh/actualites/special-tet-2017-les-celebrations-du-tet-en-france-par-la-communaute-vietnamienne-79888|title=Les célébrations du Têt en France par la communauté vietnamienne|publisher=Le Petit Journal|language=fr|access-date=2020-09-28}}</ref><ref name="etude">[http://ssl.webs.uvigo.es/actas2002/05/07.%20Thanh%20Binh%20Minh%20Tran.pdf Étude de la Transmission Familiale et de la Practique du Parler Franco-Vietnamien] (in French) Retrieved on 22-12-2015.</ref> |region6 = {{TWN}} |pop6 = 320,000 <small>(2019)</small> |ref6 = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.cts.com.tw/cts/life/201903/201903161954928.html |script-title=zh:跨「越」鴻溝30年 擺脫汙名 聽見新住名告白 - 華視新聞網 |work=[[Chinese Television System]] |date=2019-03-16}}</ref> |region7 = {{AUS}} |pop7 = >300,000 <small>(2018)</small> |ref7 = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/036?opendocument |title=2016 Census Community Profiles |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=11 April 2018 |archive-date=2017-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805141617/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/036?opendocument |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by+Subject/1301.0~2012~Main+Features~Country+of+birth~54|title=Main Features - Country of birth|first=c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of|last=Statistics|website=www.abs.gov.au|date=2012-05-24}}</ref> |region8 = {{CAN}} |pop8 = 240,514 |ref8 = <ref name="Canada 2016 Census">{{cite web | title=Census Profile, 2016 Census | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=7 February 2017 | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Ethnic%20origin&TABID=1 | access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> |region9 = {{KOR}} |pop9 = 224,518 <small>(2020)</small> |ref9 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vietnamtimes.org.vn/vietnam-ranks-second-in-number-of-foreigners-staying-in-rok-17878.html |title=Vietnam ranks second in number of foreigners staying in RoK |access-date=2021-02-10 |archive-date=2021-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211033317/https://vietnamtimes.org.vn/vietnam-ranks-second-in-number-of-foreigners-staying-in-rok-17878.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region10 = {{GER}} |pop10 = 188,000 <small>(2019)</small> |ref10 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten 2019 nach Migrationshintergrund|publisher=Federal Statistical Office of Germany (Statistisches Bundesamt)|date=28 July 2020|url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Tabellen/migrationshintergrund-staatsangehoerigkeit-staaten.html|access-date=2021-02-10|archive-date=2019-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420232930/https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Tabellen/migrationshintergrund-staatsangehoerigkeit-staaten.html/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |region11 = {{RUS}} |pop11 = 150,000 |ref11 = <ref>{{cite book|author1=L. Anh Hoang |author2=Cheryll Alipio |title=Money and Moralities in Contemporary Asia |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |pp=59-84|year=2019 |isbn=9789048543151}}</ref> |region12 = {{LAO}} |pop12 = 122,000 |ref12 = <ref>[https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12700/LA]</ref> |region13 = {{THA}} |pop13 = 100,000 |ref13 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dangcongsan.vn/lanh-dao-dang-nha-nuoc/chu-tich-quoc-hoi-gap-go-cong-dong-nguoi-viet-nam-tai-thai-lan-532902.html|title=Chủ tịch Quốc hội gặp gỡ cộng đồng người Việt Nam tại Thái Lan|language=vi|access-date=2021-02-02|archive-date=2022-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525143852/https://dangcongsan.vn/lanh-dao-dang-nha-nuoc/chu-tich-quoc-hoi-gap-go-cong-dong-nguoi-viet-nam-tai-thai-lan-532902.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |region14 = {{CZE}} |pop14 = 90,000 |ref14 = <ref>https://www.e-polis.cz/clanek/specifika-zivota-vietnamske-komunity-v-cr.html</ref> |region15 = {{MAS}} |pop15 = 80,000 |ref15 = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ilo.org/hanoi/Informationresources/Publicinformation/newsitems/WCMS_353252/lang--en/index.htm|title=Viet Nam, Malaysia’s trade unions ink agreement to strengthen protection of migrant workers|publisher=[[International Labour Organization]]|date=16 March 2015}}</ref> |region16 = {{POL}} |pop16 = 60,000-80,000 |ref16 = <ref>{{Cite web|title = Wietnamczycy upodobali sobie Polskę. Może być ich 60 tys. w naszym kraju|url = http://www.wiadomosci24.pl/artykul/wietnamczycy_upodobali_sobie_polske_moze_byc_ich_60_tys_w_naszym_kraju_241563.html|website = www.wiadomosci24.pl|access-date = 2015-11-02|language = pl}}</ref> |region17 = {{GBR}} |pop17 = 50,000-100,000 |ref17 = <ref name=RM>{{cite web|url=https://vnembassy-london.mofa.gov.vn/en-us/Vietnamese%20Community/Pages/Vietnam-who-after-30-years-in-the-UK.aspx|title=Vietnam who after 30 years in the UK|access-date=2021-02-06|archive-date=2021-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211033345/https://vnembassy-london.mofa.gov.vn/en-us/Vietnamese%20Community/Pages/Vietnam-who-after-30-years-in-the-UK.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> |region18 = {{AGO}} |pop18 = 45,000 |ref18 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfa.org/vietnamese/vietnam/xa-hoi/vietnamese-living-in-angola-vh-06012013083527.html|title=Cuộc sống người Việt ở Angola|date=1 June 2013|publisher=RFA|access-date=2021-02-10|archive-date=2021-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211033337/https://www.rfa.org/vietnamese/vietnam/xa-hoi/vietnamese-living-in-angola-vh-06012013083527.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |region19 = {{UKR}} |pop19 = 10,000-50,000 |ref19 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/lifestyle/vietnamese-come-to-ukraine-for-a-better-life-altho-54333.html|title=Vietnamese come to Ukraine for a better life, although many long to return to homeland|publisher=Kyiv Post|date=December 3, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://vnembassy-kiev.mofa.gov.vn/en-us/News/EmbassyNews/Pages/Protecting-Vietnamese-community-in-Ukraine.aspx|title=Protecting Vietnamese community in Ukraine|publisher=Vietnamese Embassy in Ukraine|access-date=2021-02-02|archive-date=2021-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211033250/https://vnembassy-kiev.mofa.gov.vn/en-us/News/EmbassyNews/Pages/Protecting-Vietnamese-community-in-Ukraine.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> |region20 = {{CHN}} |pop20 = 36,205 |ref20 = <ref name="2010census">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722638.htm |title=Major Figures on Residents from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and Foreigners Covered by 2010 Population Census |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of China |date=April 29, 2011 |access-date=May 4, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514214156/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722638.htm |archive-date=May 14, 2011 }}</ref> |region21 = {{PHI}} | pop21 = 27,600 | ref21 = | region22 = {{NOR}} | pop22 = 27,366 <small>(2020)</small> | ref22 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/en/innvbef|title=Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents|access-date=2021-02-02}}</ref> | region23 = {{NED}} | pop23 = 23,488 <small>(2019)</small> | ref23 = <ref name="Ref-1">{{cite web |url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/en/dataset/37325eng/table?ts=1612264485037|title=Population; sex, age, migration background and generation, 1 January|publisher=Statistics Netherlands|access-date=2021-02-02}}</ref> | region24 = {{SWE}} | pop24 = 20,676 <small>(2020)</small> | ref24 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/en/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101E/FodelselandArK/?rxid=1efd6c8a-8ac9-47d9-af29-dabd3da04da2|title=Population by country of birth and year|access-date=2021-02-02|archive-date=2021-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211033303/http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/en/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101E/FodelselandArK/?rxid=1efd6c8a-8ac9-47d9-af29-dabd3da04da2|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region25 = {{MAC}} | pop25 = ~20,000 <small>(2018)</small> | ref25 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://vietnamnews.vn/politics-laws/420703/viet-nam-opens-consulate-office-in-chinas-macau.html|title=Việt Nam opens consulate office in China’s Macau|access-date=2 February 2021}}</ref> | region26 = {{ARE}} | pop26 = 20,000 | ref26 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://uae-embassy.ae/Embassies/vn/Content/1758|title=Embassy of the UAE in Hanoi » Vietnam - UAE Relations-Bilateral relations between UAE - Vietnam|access-date=2014-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110092112/http://uae-embassy.ae/Embassies/vn/Content/1758|archive-date=2014-01-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region27 = {{SAU}} | pop27 = 20,000 | ref27 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://vnembassy-riyadh.mofa.gov.vn/vi-vn/Vietnamese%20Community/Trang/C%E1%BB%98NG-%C4%90%E1%BB%92NG-NG%C6%AF%E1%BB%9CI-VI%E1%BB%86T-NAM-%E1%BB%9E-%E1%BA%A2-R%E1%BA%ACP-X%C3%8A-%C3%9AT-M%E1%BB%AANG-XU%C3%82N-%E1%BA%A4T-M%C3%99I---2015.aspx|title=CỘNG ĐỒNG NGƯỜI VIỆT NAM Ở Ả-RẬP XÊ-ÚT MỪNG XUÂN ẤT MÙI - 2015|access-date=2021-02-06|archive-date=2021-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211033254/https://vnembassy-riyadh.mofa.gov.vn/vi-vn/Vietnamese%20Community/Trang/C%E1%BB%98NG-%C4%90%E1%BB%92NG-NG%C6%AF%E1%BB%9CI-VI%E1%BB%86T-NAM-%E1%BB%9E-%E1%BA%A2-R%E1%BA%ACP-X%C3%8A-%C3%9AT-M%E1%BB%AANG-XU%C3%82N-%E1%BA%A4T-M%C3%99I---2015.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/vietnamese/forum-50979916|title=Người trong cuộc kể lại cuộc sống "như nô lệ" của lao động Việt ở Ả Rập Saudi|access-date=2021-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voatiengviet.com/a/tinh-canh-osin-viet-o-saudi-bi-boc-lot-bo-doi/4585020.html|title=Tình cảnh ‘Ô-sin’ Việt ở Saudi: bị bóc lột, bỏ đói|access-date=2021-02-06}}</ref> | region28 = {{DNK}} | pop28 = 15,953 <small>(2020)</small> | ref28 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1600|work=Statistics Denmark|title=FOLK1C: Population at the first day of the quarter by region, sex, age (5 years age groups), ancestry and country of origin|language=en}}</ref> | region29 = {{BEL}} | pop29 = 14,000 <small>(2012)</small> | ref29 = <ref>[http://chimviet.free.fr/dantochoc/kieubao/ngcaoduc/gm65_CommunauteVNenBelgique.pdf]. Chimviet.free.fr(in French). Retrieved on 2019-11-19.</ref> | region30 = {{FIN}} | pop30 = 12,051 | ref30 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rv.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=726cd24d-d0f1-416a-8eec-7ce9b82fd5a4 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-02-10 |archive-date=2021-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211033317/http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rv.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=726cd24d-d0f1-416a-8eec-7ce9b82fd5a4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | region31 = {{SGP}} | pop31 = 12,000 <small>(2012)</small> | ref31 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vnembassy-singapore.mofa.gov.vn/vi-vn/Vietnamese%20Community/Trang/C%E1%BB%99ng-%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng-ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di-Vi%E1%BB%87t-Nam-t%E1%BA%A1i-Singapore-%C4%91%C3%B3n-xu%C3%A2n-Nh%C3%A2m-Th%C3%ACn.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-02-10 |archive-date=2022-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129074858/https://vnembassy-singapore.mofa.gov.vn/vi-vn/Vietnamese%20Community/Trang/C%E1%BB%99ng-%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng-ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di-Vi%E1%BB%87t-Nam-t%E1%BA%A1i-Singapore-%C4%91%C3%B3n-xu%C3%A2n-Nh%C3%A2m-Th%C3%ACn.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> | region32 = {{CYP}} | pop32 = >12,000 | ref32 = <ref name=vietcelebratetet>{{cite web|url=http://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnamese-in-cyprus-laos-celebrate-traditional-new-year/72508.vnp|title=Vietnamese in Cyprus, Laos celebrate traditional New Year|publisher=Vietnamplus|access-date=2015-10-31}}</ref><ref>[http://en.nhandan.org.vn/politics/external-relations/item/3631302-deputy-fm-meets-vietnamese-nationals-in-cyprus.html Deputy FM meets Vietnamese nationals in Cyprus]. Retrieved 2015-10-31.</ref> | region33 = {{SVK}} | pop33 = 5,565-20,000 | ref33 = <ref>https://www.minv.sk/swift_data/source/policia/hranicna_a_cudzinecka_policia/rocenky/rok_2019/2019-rocenka-UHCP_EN.pdf</ref><ref>https://spectator.sme.sk/c/20059086/slovakias-invisible-minority-counters-migration-fears.html</ref> | region34 = {{NZL}} | pop34 = 10,086 <small>(2018)</small> | ref34 = <ref>https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/2018-census-ethnic-groups-dataset</ref> | region35 = {{CHE}} | pop35 = ~8,000 | ref35 = <ref>https://vietnamnews.vn/society/716142/vietnamese-community-in-switzerland-support-fight-against-coronavirus.html</ref> | region36 = {{HUN}} | pop36 = 7,304 <small>(2016)</small> | ref36 = <ref name="KSH">{{cite book|last=Vukovich|first=Gabriella|url=http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/mikrocenzus2016/mikrocenzus_2016_12.pdf|title=Mikrocenzus 2016 - 12. Nemzetiségi adatok|trans-title=2016 microcensus - 12. Ethnic data|language=hu|work=Hungarian Central Statistical Office|location=Budapest|year=2018|access-date=9 January 2019|isbn=978-963-235-542-9}}</ref> | region37 = {{ITA}} | pop37 = 5,000 | ref37 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://vovworld.vn/vi-VN/nguoi-viet-muon-phuong/nguoi-viet-tai-tam-dich-cua-italia-840383.vov|title=Người Việt tại tâm dịch của Italia|date=2020-03-27|language=vi|publisher=[[VOV]]}}</ref> | region38 = {{AUT}} | pop38 = 5,000 | ref38 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://hanoimoi.com.vn/tin-tuc/Nguoi-viet/959156/truyen-ngon-lua-van-hoa-cho-the-he-tre-nguoi-viet-tai-ao|date=2020-02-23|title=Truyền “ngọn lửa” văn hóa cho thế hệ trẻ người Việt tại Áo|language=vi|access-date=2021-02-10|archive-date=2021-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908093850/https://hanoimoi.com.vn/tin-tuc/Nguoi-viet/959156/truyen-ngon-lua-van-hoa-cho-the-he-tre-nguoi-viet-tai-ao|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region39 = {{ROU}} | pop39 = 3,000 | ref39 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/economie/companii/video-conditii-inumane-pentru-muncitorii-vietnamezi-din-romania-1101543|title=Condiții inumane pentru muncitorii vietnamezi din România|date=21 March 2019|language=ro|work=Digi24}}</ref> | region40 = {{BGR}} | pop40 = 2,500 | ref40 = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://tuoitre.vn/lay-quoc-tich-chau-au-thong-qua-con-duong-bulgaria-20190312164802233.htm|date=2019-03-13|title=Lấy quốc tịch Châu Âu thông qua con đường Bulgaria|publisher=[[Tuổi Trẻ]]|language=vi}}</ref> |languages = [[Vietnamese leid|Vietnamese]] |religions = Predominantly [[Vietnamese fowk releegion]] syncretisit wi [[Mahayana Buddhism]]. Minorities o [[Christianity|Christians]] (maistly [[Roman Catholics]]) an ither groups.<ref>[[Pew Research Center]]: ''[http://www.pewforum.org/global-religious-landscape.aspx The Global Religious Landscape 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719060225/http://www.pewforum.org/global-religious-landscape.aspx |date=2013-07-19 }}''.</ref> |related = <div style="text-align:left;"> *[[Gin fowk]] (kent as Jing or Kinh forby) *[[Muong fowk]] *For vague historical references, see [[Baiyue|Bǎiyuè]] as weel. </div> }} The '''Vietnamese fowk''' or the '''Kinh fowk''' ({{lang-vi|người Việt}} ({{IPA-vi|ŋɨəj˨˩ viət˩}}), or {{lang-vi|người Kinh}} ({{IPA-vi|ŋɨəj˨˩ kiɲ˧}})), are a [[ethnic group]] oreeginating from present-day northren [[Vietnam]] an soothren Cheenae. They are the majority ethnic group o Vietnam, comprisin 86% o the population at the 1999 census, an are offeecially kent as '''Kinh''' tae distinguish thaim frae ither [[:en:List of ethnic groups in Vietnam|ethnic groups in Vietnam]]. The earliest recordit name for the auncient Vietnamese fowk appears as ''[[Lạc Việt|Lạc]]''. ==Notes an references== {{Commons category|People of Vietnam}} {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Vietnamese fowk| ]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Asie]] 4ca2fbvk8cvr4a26lpf6qp2xj021fe8 0 48908 914742 858681 2026-04-03T08:22:55Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox |name = |image = Bombus barbutellus - Trifolium repens - Keila.jpg |genus = Trifolium |species = repens |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |synonyms_ref=<ref name=ilsa/> |synonyms={{collapsible list|bullets = true |title=<small>Synonymy</small> |''Amoria repens'' <small>(L.) C.Presl</small> |''Lotodes repens'' <small>Kuntze</small> |''Trifolium limonium'' <small>Phil.</small> |''Trifolium stipitatum'' <small>Clos</small> |''Trifolium macrorrhizum'' <small>Boiss., syn o subsp. ''macrorrhizum''</small> |''Trifolium nevadense'' <small>Boiss., syn o var. ''nevadense ''</small> |''Trifolium orbelicum'' <small>Velen., syn o var. ''orbelicum ''</small> |''Trifolium orphanideum'' <small>Boiss., syn o var. ''orphanideum ''</small> |''Trifolium biasolettii'' <small>Steud. & Hochst., syn o subsp. ''prostratum ''</small> |''Trifolium occidentale'' <small>Coombe, syn o subsp. ''prostratum ''</small> }}}} '''''[[Trifolium]] repens''''', the '''white soukie''' or '''trefold''', is a [[species]] o [[clover]] native tae [[Europe]], North [[Africae]], an Wast [[Asie]]. It haes been widely introduced warldwide as a [[pastur]] crap, an is nou common in maist grassy auries o [[North Americae]] an New Zealand an aw. White clavers is pairt o the pease faimily [[Fabaceae]]. ==Name== The genus name, ''[[clover|Trifolium]]'', derives frae the Laitin tres, "three", an folium, "leaf", cried that name acause o the characteristic furm o the leaf, that haes three leaflets (trifoliate); that's hou it gets the popular name triffle. The species name, ''repens'', is Laitin for "creepin". ==Growth== It is a [[yerbaceous]], [[perennial plant]]. It is laich growin, wi heids o whitish flouers, aften wi a tinge o pink or cream that mey come on wi the agin o the plant. The heids are generally 1.5–2&nbsp;cm wide, an are at the end o 7&nbsp;cm [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncles]] or flouer stalks.<ref name="wotn">Richard H. Uva, Joseph C. Neal and Joseph M. Ditomaso, ''Weeds of The Northeast'', (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997), Pp. 236-237.</ref> The leaves, which bi themselves furm the seembol kent as [[shamrock]], are [[trifoliolate]], smuith, elliptic tae egg-shapit an [[Petiole (botany)|long-petioled]]. The stems function as [[stolon]]s, so white claver aften furms mats, wi the stems creepin as muckle as 18&nbsp;cm a year, an ruitin at the nodes.<ref name=wotn/> ==Cultivation an uises== ===Companion plantin=== [[File:Bombus barbutellus - Trifolium repens - Keila.jpg|thumb]] White claver graws amang [[turfgrass]], craps, an in a lairge nummer o ither laundscapes.<ref name=wotn/> It is foond in a leemitit range o different field type environments an aa. White claver can tolerate close mowin, and can graw on mony different kins an [[pH]]s o soil, but prefers [[clay]].<ref name=wotn/> It is considered tae be a beneficial component o naitural or organic lawn care due tae its ability tae [[Nitrogen fixation|fix nitrogen]] an oot-compete lawn weeds. Naitural nitrogen fixin reduces leachin frae the soil an can reduce the incidence o some lawn diseases that is enhanced bi the availability o synthetic fertilizer.<ref name="Tukey">The Organic Lawn Care Manual'', Tukey, Storey Publishing. p 183.</ref> ===Culinary uises=== [[File:Four-leaved clover.jpg|thumb|White clover wi fower leaves]] Asides makkin an excellent forage crop for [[fermstockin]], clovers are a valuable survival fuid: they are heich in [[protein]]s, widespread, an abundant. The fresh plants hae been uised for centuries as additives tae [[salads]] an ether meals consistin o leafy vegetables. Thay arenae easy for humans tae digest raw, housomever, but this is easy fixed bi boilin the harvestit plants for 5–10 minute.<ref name="ewp">Lee Allen Peterson, ''Edible Wild Plants'', (New York City: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1977), P. 56. </ref> Dried flouerheids an seedpods can an aa be grund up intae a nutreetious [[flour]] an mixed wi ether fuids, or can be steeped intae a [[tisane]]. White clover flour is sometimes sprinkled ontae cuiked fuids such as boiled rice. When uised in [[soup]]s, the leafs is aften harvestit afore the plant produces flouers. The [[ruit]]s is edible an aa, tho thay are maist aften cuikit firsthaund. ==As an invasive weed== Afore the introduction o [[Yerbicides#Classification|broad-leaf yerbicides]], white clover wis mair eften addit tae [[lawn]] seed mixes than it is the day, as it can grow an provide green cover in puirer soils whaur turfgresses dinnae perform weel. Mony fowk consider claver a [[weed]] whan growin in lawns, in pairt acause the flouers are attractive tae [[bee]]s and thus could create a danger for fowk wi bare fit. White claver is the anly kent plant on whilk the [[caterpillar]]s o the [[Coleophoridae]] case-bearer moch ''[[Coleophora mayrella]]'' feed. In Breetain, a heich abundance o white claver is generally associatit wi species-puir, agriculturally improved grasslaund habitats, as it ootcompetes the mair rare plants an grasses enspecially in fertile soils, an haes aften been addit as pairt o reseedin. [[Agri-environment scheme]]s, like the [[Kintraside Stewardship Scheme]], [[Environmentally Sensitive Auries Scheme]], an [[Environmental Stewardship]], gie fundin tae species-rich gresslands that is relatively infertile an dinnae generally hae an abundance o white cloaer. Housomever, white claver daes hae value as a pollen an nectar soorce particularly in intensively fairmed auries or amenity grasslands whaue thare few ither flouers, an it can be foond naiturally at laich levels in species-rich grasslands. ==References== {{refbegin}} <references/> {{refend}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category}} {{wikiversity-bc|Trifolium repens}} {{wikispecies|Trifolium repens}} * [http://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_trre3.pdf USDA ''Trifolium repens'' fact sheet]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.motherearthnews.com/Nature-Community/1982-07-01/Masanobu-Fukuoka.aspx?page=11 Masanobu Fukuoka 'One-Straw Revolution'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620121809/http://www.motherearthnews.com/Nature-Community/1982-07-01/Masanobu-Fukuoka.aspx?page=11 |date=2012-06-20 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Trifolium Repens}} [[Category:Trifolium|repens]] [[Category:Medicinal plants]] [[Category:Nitrogen-fixin crops]] [[Category:Grundcovers]] psdi42f9pghfx4hrk61uf315pflvhkp 0 50951 914709 895316 2026-04-02T23:27:24Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields that may be available--> <!--See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name = {{raise|0.2em|Qingdao}} |official_name = {{longitem|style=font-size:110%;|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-cn|青岛市}}}}}} |native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|青岛}}}}}} |nickname = |settlement_type =[[Sub-provincial ceety]] |total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = Qingdao montage.png |image_caption = Clockwise frae tap left: A Stone biggin in [[Ba Da Guan]], A hoose in the auld section o Qingdao, [[Qingdao TV Touer]], Qingdao skyline an [[Zhan Qiao]] Pier, 4 Mey Square |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = ChinaShandongQingdao.png |mapsize = |map_caption = Location o Qingdao Ceety (yellae) in Shandong province |pushpin_map = China |pushpin_label_position = right |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Cheenae |pushpin_mapsize = 250 <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Province o Cheenae|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Shandong]] |seat_type = Municipal seat |seat = [[Shinan Destrict]] |parts_type = |parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format) Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--> |parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> |p1 = |p2 = <!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--> <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title =CPC Secretary |leader_name =[[Li Qun]] (李群) |leader_title1 =Mayor |leader_name1 =[[Zhang Xinqi]] (张新起) |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title1 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date1 = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |founder = |named_for = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink --> |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 =11026 <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 =11026 <!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 =1411 |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 =3138 <!-- Elevation --------------------------> |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> <!-- |elevation_m = |elevation_max_m = |elevation_min_m =0 --> <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of =2010 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total =8,715,100 |population_density_km2 =auto<!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto --> |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_urban =3,718,800 |population_density_urban_km2 =auto <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = [[Cheenae staundart time|Cheenae Staundart]] |utc_offset = +8 |coordinates = {{coord|36|04|N|120|23|E|region:CN-3702|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = [[Postal code o Cheenae|Postal code]] |postal_code = 266000 |area_code = 532 |blank_name =[[GDP]] |blank_info =[[Renminbi|RMB¥]] 730.21 billion (2012) |blank1_name =GDP per capita |blank1_info =[[Renminbi|RMB¥]] 65,827 (2010) |blank2_name =[[Licence plates of the People's Republic of China|License Plate]] Prefix |blank2_info ={{lang|zh-cn|鲁}}B & {{lang|zh-cn|鲁}}U |blank3_name =[[Coastline]] |blank3_info ={{convert|862.64|km|abbr=on}}<br/><small>(inclusive of offshore islands)</small><br/>{{convert|730.64|km|abbr=on}}<br/><small>(exclusive of islands)</small> |blank4_name =Major [[Naitionalities o Cheenae|Naitionalities]] |blank4_info =[[Han Cheenese|Han]]: 99.86% |blank5_name =[[Coonty-level diveesion]]s |blank5_info =10 |blank6_name = |blank6_info = |website = [http://english.qingdao.gov.cn www.qingdao.gov.cn] |footnotes = }} {{Chinese |t=青島 |s=青岛 |p=Qīngdǎo |w=Ch'ing-tao |mi=t͡ɕʰiŋ˥ taʊ̯˨˩˦ ʂɿ˥˩ |psp=Tsingtao |j=cing¹dou² |wuu=tshin^平tau^上 |poj=Chheng-tó |l=lush island or green island |order=st }} '''Qingdao''' ({{zh|s=青岛|p={{Audio|zh-Qingdao.ogg|Qīngdǎo}}}}), historically kent as '''Tsingtao''', is a major ceety in eastren [[Shandong]] [[province o Cheena|provincee]], [[East Cheenae|Eastren Cheenae]], wi a population o ower 8.715 million (''2010 census''). Its biggit up aurie, made o 6 urban destricts an 4 coonty-level ceeties, is home tae aboot 4,896,000 indwallers in 2010. It borders [[Yantai]] tae the northeast, [[Weifang]] tae the wast an [[Rizhao]] tae the soothwast. ''Qīng'' ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|青}}}}) in Cheenese means "green" or "lush", while ''dǎo'' ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|岛}}}}) means "island". Qingdao is admeenistered at the [[sub-provincial ceety|sub-provincial level]]. Lyin across the [[Shandong Peninsulae]] while leukin oot tae the [[Yellae Sea]], Qingdao is a major [[seaport]], [[naval base]], an industrial centre. It is an aa the steid o the [[Tsingtao Brewery]]. The warld's langest sea bridge, the [[Qingdao Haiwan Bridge]], airts the main urban aurie o Qingdao wi [[Huangdao]] destrict, straddlin the [[Jiaozhou Bay]] sea auries.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1343004/A-bridge-far-China-unveils-worlds-longest-sea-bridge-miles-FURTHER-Dover-Calais-crossing.html#ixzz1QmoJBVC7 A bridge too far? China unveils world's longest sea bridge which is five miles FURTHER than the Dover-Calais crossing | Mail Online]. Dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved on 2011-08-28.</ref> Qingdao is named Cheenae's maist livable ceety.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://english.cri.cn/6566/2009/07/09/2263s500163.htm | title= List of 10 Most Livable Cities in China Issued | date= 2009-07-09 | accessdate= 2010-12-18 | archive-date= 2011-04-26 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110426184431/http://english.cri.cn/6566/2009/07/09/2263s500163.htm | url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=蔺丽瑶 |url=http://www.china.org.cn/top10/2011-07/27/content_23081561.htm |title=Top 10 livable cities in China 2011 |publisher=China.org.cn |date=2011-07-27 |accessdate=2012-09-10}}</ref><ref>[http://eng.hnloudi.gov.cn/engld%5Caboutloudi/Loudicity/Loudihonor/2011/1_327/default.shtml] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130410050946/http://eng.hnloudi.gov.cn/engld%5Caboutloudi/Loudicity/Loudihonor/2011/1_327/default.shtml |date=2013-04-10 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.china.org.cn/top10/2010-12/03/content_21478153_5.html]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Geografie an climate== {{climate chart | Qingdao | -3.3 | 2.8 | 11 | -1.9 | 4.6 | 12 | 2.3 | 9.0 | 21 | 7.9 | 15.0 | 35 | 13.2 | 20.3 | 55 | 17.8 | 23.7 | 84 | 22.2 | 27.1 | 142 | 23.0 | 28.4 | 151 | 18.9 | 25.3 | 63 | 13.1 | 19.8 | 48 | 5.9 | 12.3 | 28 | - .5 | 5.7 | 12 |float = right |clear = none |source = Hong Kong Observatory<ref name = HKO /> }} Qingdao is locatit on the sooth facin coast o the [[Shandong Peninsulae]]. It borders three prefectur-level ceeties, namely [[Yantai]] tae the northeast, [[Weifang]] tae the wast, an [[Rizhao]] tae the soothwast. The ceety's tot jurisdiction aurie occupies {{convert|10654|km²|0}}, an stretches in latitude frae 35° 35' tae 37° 09' N an in longitude frae 119° 30' tae 121° 00' E. The populatit sections o the ceety are relatively flat while muntains spur up within ceety leemits an nearby. The heichest elevation in the ceety is {{convert|1133|m}} abuin sea level. 15.5% o the tot aurie is heichland, while the fithill, plain an laichland auries constitute 25.1%, 37.8% an 21.7%. The ceety haes a {{convert|730.64|km}} coastline. Five significant rivers that flow for mair nor {{convert|50|km|0}} can be foond in the region. Qingdao haes a temperate, fower-saison, [[monsoon]]-influenced<ref name="SDIO">{{cite web |url=http://www.qdsn.gov.cn/n16/n1114/n1145/n1160/index.html |title=自然地理 |publisher=Shinan District Information Office |location=Qingdao |language=Simplified Chinese |trans_title=Geography |access-date=2013-05-13 |archive-date=2010-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602191810/http://www.qdsn.gov.cn/n16/n1114/n1145/n1160/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> climate that lies in the transeetion atween the [[humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwa'') an [[humid continental climate|humid continental]] (Köppen ''Dwa'') regimes, but favourin the umwhile. Winter is cuil tae cauld an windy, but generally dry, wi a Januar average o {{convert|-0.5|°C|1}}. Simmer is generally het an humid, but very het days are rare, wi an August average o {{convert|25.3|°C|1}}. Due tae its proximity tae the coast an bein on a peninsulae, it experiences an ane-month delayed ware compared tae maist inland auries o Cheenae,<ref name="SDIO" /> an the annual [[diurnal temperatur variation]] is anly {{convert|6.3|C-change}}. Conversely, hairst is milder than inland auries in Shandong. The watter temperature peaks at aboot {{convert|25|°C}} in late August, wi soummin possible twa month on aither side. The annual mean temperature is {{convert|12.6|°C|1}}. {{Weather box |location = Qingdao |metric first = Y |single line = Y |collapsed = Y |Jan high C = 2.8 |Feb high C = 4.6 |Mar high C = 9.0 |Apr high C = 15.0 |May high C = 20.3 |Jun high C = 23.7 |Jul high C = 27.1 |Aug high C = 28.4 |Sep high C = 25.3 |Oct high C = 19.8 |Nov high C = 12.3 |Dec high C = 5.7 |Jan low C = −3.3 |Feb low C = −1.9 |Mar low C = 2.3 |Apr low C = 7.9 |May low C = 13.2 |Jun low C = 17.8 |Jul low C = 22.2 |Aug low C = 23.0 |Sep low C = 18.9 |Oct low C = 13.1 |Nov low C = 5.9 |Dec low C = −0.5 |year high C= 16.2 |year low C= 9.9 |year high F= 61.1 |year low F= 49.8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 11.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 12.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 21.4 |Apr precipitation mm = 34.6 |May precipitation mm = 54.9 |Jun precipitation mm = 84.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 142.1 |Aug precipitation mm = 151.1 |Sep precipitation mm = 62.7 |Oct precipitation mm = 48.2 |Nov precipitation mm = 27.9 |Dec precipitation mm = 11.8 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 3.1 |Feb precipitation days = 3.7 |Mar precipitation days = 4.7 |Apr precipitation days = 6.7 |May precipitation days = 7.5 |Jun precipitation days = 9.4 |Jul precipitation days = 12.4 |Aug precipitation days = 10.2 |Sep precipitation days = 6.5 |Oct precipitation days = 6.1 |Nov precipitation days = 4.7 |Dec precipitation days = 3.4 |Jan sun = 186.0 |Feb sun = 180.8 |Mar sun = 220.1 |Apr sun = 222.0 |May sun = 244.9 |Jun sun = 219.0 |Jul sun = 182.9 |Aug sun = 223.2 |Sep sun = 219.0 |Oct sun = 220.1 |Nov sun = 189.0 |Dec sun = 182.9 |source 1 = Cheena Wather (1971−2000),<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101120201.shtml | title = 青岛城市介绍 | publisher = Weather.com.cn | language = Simplified Chinese | accessdate = 2011-06-01|date=June 2011}}</ref> Hong Kong Observatory (sun only, 1961−1990)<ref name= HKO >{{cite web |url= http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/china/qingdao_e.htm |title= Climatological Normals of Qingdao |accessdate= 2010-04-10 |publisher= [[Hong Kong Observatory]] |archive-date= 2008-11-22 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081122015526/http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/china/qingdao_e.htm |url-status= dead }}</ref> |date=August 2010 }} ==Internaitional relations== {{Main|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Cheenae}} ===Twin touns — Sister ceeties=== Qingdao is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi: {| cellpadding="10" |- valign="top" | *{{Flag icon|Japan}} - [[Shimonoseki]], Japan (3 October 1979) *{{Flag icon|USA}} - [[Long Beach, Californie]], USA (12 Aprile 1985)[http://www.lbqa.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026232745/http://www.lbqa.org/ |date=2017-10-26 }} *{{Flag icon|Mexico}} - [[Acapulco]], Mexico (21 August 1985) *{{Flag icon|Germany}} - [[Wilhelmshaven]], Germany (1992) *{{Flag icon|Ukraine}} - [[Odessa]], Ukraine (29 Aprile 1993) *{{Flag icon|South Korea}} - [[Daegu]], Sooth Korea (4 December 1993) *{{Flag icon|Israel}} - [[Nes Ziyyona]], Israel (2 December 1997) *{{Flag icon|Netherlands}} - [[Velsen]], the Netherlands (9 December 1998) || *{{Flag icon|UK}} - [[Southampton]], UK (27 December 1998) *{{Flag icon|Ireland}} - [[Galway]], Ireland (1999) *{{Flag icon|Chile}} - [[Puerto Montt]], Chile (17 August 1999) *{{Flag icon|Germany}} - [[Paderborn]], Germany (2003) *{{Flag icon|Russia}} - [[Perm]], Roushie (2003) *[[Image:Flag of the Philippines.svg|25px]] - [[Iloilo Ceety]], Philippines, (2003) *{{Flag icon|Uruguay}} - [[Montevideo]], Uruguay, (15 Aprile 2004) *{{Flag icon|Lithuania}} - [[Klaipėda]], Lithuanie (30 Mey 2004) || *{{Flag icon|Spain}} - [[Bilbao]], Spain (21 August 2004) *{{Flag icon|France}} - [[Nantes]], Fraunce (4 Juin 2005) *{{Flag icon|France}} - [[Brest, Fraunce]] (8 Mey 2005) *{{Flag icon|USA}} - [[Miami, Florida]], USA (30 August 2005) *{{Flag icon|Russia}} - [[St Petersburg]], Roushie (8 October 2006) *{{Flag icon|Indonesia}} - [[Makassar]], Indonesie *{{Flag icon|New Zealand}} - [[North Shore City]], New Zealand (9 August 2008) *{{Flag icon|Brazil}} - [[Vila Velha]], Brazil (27 October 2009) *{{Flag icon|Croatia}} - [[Rijeka]], Croatie (22 August 2010) |} ===Friendly co-operative ceeties=== Qingdao is a friendly co-operative ceety o the follaein ceeties aroond the warld. {| cellpadding="10" |- valign="top" | *{{Flag icon|Sweden}} - [[Gothenburg]], Swaden (1994) *{{Flag icon|Germany}} - [[Mannheim]], Germany (1995) *{{Flag icon|South Korea}} - [[Incheon]], Sooth Korea (1995) *{{Flag icon|USA}} - [[San Francisco]], USA (1997) *{{Flag icon|Moldova}} - [[Chişinău]], Moldovae (1997) *{{Flag icon|Sudan}} - [[Port Sudan]], Sudan (1998) *{{Flag icon|USA}} - [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], USA (1998) *{{Flag icon|Morocco}} - [[Tangier]], Morocco (1999) *{{Flag icon|Croatia}} - [[Rijeka]], Croatie (1999) *{{Flag icon|South Korea}} - [[Pyeongtaek]], Sooth Korea (1999) *{{Flag icon|Japan}} - [[Naruto, Tokushima|Naruto]], Japan (1999) *{{Flag icon|Sweden}} - [[Västergötland]], Swaden (1999) *{{Flag icon|Australia}} - [[Adelaide]], Australie (2000) || *{{Flag icon|Vietnam}} - [[Da Nang]], Vietnam (2000) *{{Flag icon|Cyprus}} - [[Nicosia]], Cyprus (2000) *{{Flag icon|Canada}} - [[Edmonton]], Canadae (2000) *{{Flag icon|USA}} - [[Oakland]], USA (2000) *{{Flag icon|USA}} - Los Angeles, USA (2000) *{{Flag icon|Denmark}} - [[Skagen]], Denmark (2000) *{{Flag icon|France}} - [[Brest, Fraunce|Brest]], Fraunce (2002) *{{Flag icon|Japan}} - [[Kobe]], Japan (2003) *{{Flag icon|Japan}} - [[Fukuoka, Fukuoka|Fukuoka]], Japan (2003) *{{Flag icon|South Korea}} - [[Busan]], Sooth Korea (2003) *{{Flag icon|South Korea}} - [[Gunsan]], Sooth Korea (2003) *{{Flag icon|Australia}} - [[Cairns]], Australie (2003) *[[Image:Flag of the Philippines.svg|25px]] - [[Iloilo Ceety|Iloilo]], Philippines (2003) || *{{Flag icon|Austria}} - [[Braunau am Inn|Braunau]], Austrick (2004) *{{Flag icon|USA}} - [[St Louis]], USA (2004) *{{Flag icon|Japan}} - [[Kitakyushu]], Japan (2005) *{{Flag icon|USA}} - [[Houston]], USA (2006) *{{Flag icon|Russia}} - [[St Petersburg]], Roushie (2007) *{{Flag icon|Germany}} - [[Rhine-Ruhr]], Germany<ref>[http://www.brd.nrw.de/presse/reden/20012008.pdf ]{{dead link|date=August 2011}}</ref> (2008) *{{Flag icon|Brazil}} - [[Vila Velha]], Brazil (2009) *{{Flag icon|Canada}} - [[Richmond, Breetish Columbie|Richmond]], Canadae (2009) *{{Flag icon|Germany}} - [[Regensburg]], Germany (2009) *{{Flag icon|Japan}} - [[Kyoto]], Japan (2011) |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Portal|Fowkrepublic o Cheenae}} *{{Commons category-inline|Qingdao}} *[http://www.qingdao.gov.cn Qingdao Government website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810235827/http://www.qingdao.gov.cn/ |date=2020-08-10 }} {{zh icon}} {{Shandong}} {{Metropolitan ceeties o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae}} [[Category:Qingdao|*]] [[Category:History o Qingdao]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Cheenae]] [[Category:Port ceeties an touns in Cheenae]] j1iiou9jkrhv6xv78fa6uk8l2wbs6wp 10 51379 914706 370861 2026-04-02T18:56:42Z Milenioscuro 14239 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Kar obl.svg]] → [[File:Karagandy in Kazakhstan.svg]] updated svg 914706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Karagandy Province |title = [[Image:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|35px|Flag o Kazakhstan]] [[Karagandy Province]] |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |image=[[File:Karagandy in Kazakhstan.svg|160px]] |above = Caipital: '''[[Karagandy]]''' |titlestyle = background:#7cdefa |group1= Destricts |list1 = * [[Abay Destrict, Karagandy Province|Abay]] * [[Aktogay Destrict, Karagandy Province|Aktogay]] * [[Bukhar-Zhyrau Destrict|Bukhar-Zhyrau]] * [[Karkaraly Destrict|Karkaraly]] * [[Nura Destrict|Nura]] * [[Osakarov Destrict|Osakarov]] * [[Shet Destrict|Shet]] * [[Ulytau Destrict|Ulytau]] * [[Zhanaarka Destrict|Zhanaarka]] |group2= Major ceeties |list2 = * [[Abay (ceety)|Abay]] * [[Balkhash (ceety)|Balqash]] * [[Jezkazgan]] * [[Karagandy]] * [[Karazhal]] * [[Karkaraly]] * [[Priozersk, Kazakhstan|Priozersk]] * [[Saran, Kazakhstan|Saran]] * [[Satpayev (ceety)|Satpayev]] * [[Shahtinsk]] * [[Temirtau]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} [[Category:Kazakhstan province templates]] </noinclude> f2knvz4uab7x6tt2cfm1mozbd24yq7p 0 51659 914704 906271 2026-04-02T18:03:09Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914704 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rubzow Memorial Emetsk (2).JPG|thumb|Memorial tae Rubtsov]] '''Nikolay Mikhaylovich Rubtsov''' ({{lang-ru|Николай Михайлович Рубцов}}; 3 Januar 1936, [[Yemetsk]] – 19 Januar 1971, [[Vologda]]) wis a Roushie poet.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://yqyq.net/4232-Nikolaiy_Mihaiylovich_Rubcov.html | title=Nikolay Rubtsov | accessdate=July 14, 2011 | archive-date=2012-03-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316154157/http://yqyq.net/4232-Nikolaiy_Mihaiylovich_Rubcov.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Asteroid [[4286 Rubtsov]] wis namit efter him. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://stihipoeta.ru/nikolay-rubcov/ Nikolay Rubtsov Poetry]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at [http://stihipoeta.ru/ Stihipoeta] * [http://www.peoples.ru/art/literature/poetry/contemporary/rubtsov/ N. Rubtsov] * [http://www.litera.ru/stixiya/authors/rubcov.html Nikolay Rubtsov's Poems] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204055252/http://www.litera.ru/stixiya/authors/rubcov.html |date=2012-02-04 }} * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OWSWKq5RL0&list=PL5EB61E9B32DD7260 Night in winter], sang bi [[Larisa Novoseltseva]] on poem bi Rubtsov {{DEFAULTSORT:Rubtsov, Nikolay}} [[Category:Roushie poets]] [[Category:1936 births]] [[Category:1971 daiths]] glg373c71vprl1u0e7nmw7wihw0vy3j 10 52702 914705 373086 2026-04-02T18:35:58Z Milenioscuro 14239 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Atirau obl.svg]] → [[File:Atyrau in Kazakhstan.svg]] updated svg 914705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Atyrau Province |title=[[File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|35px|Flag o Kazakhstan]] [[Atyrau Province]] |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass=hlist |image=[[File:Atyrau in Kazakhstan.svg|160px]] |above=Caipital: '''[[Atyrau]]''' |titlestyle=background:#7cdefa |group1=Destricts |list1= *[[Inder Destrict|Inder]] *[[Isatay Destrict|Isatay]] *[[Kurmangazy Destrict|Kurmangazy]] *[[Kyzylkoga Destrict|Kyzylkoga]] *[[Makat Destrict|Makat]] *[[Makhambet Destrict|Makhambet]] *[[Zhylyoi Destrict|Zhylyoi]] |group2=Major ceeties |list2= *[[Atyrau]] *[[Kulsary]] |group3=Touns an veelages |list3= *[[Al'manbyuruk]] *[[Andaral]] *[[Aqkol, Atyrau|Aqkol]] *[[Aqqystau]] *[[Aqqyztoghay]] *[[Armbiryuk]] *[[Arshinov]] *[[Arynbyurek]] *[[Atyrau]] *[[Azghyr]] *[[Balyqshy]] *[[Ban'yas]] *[[Bayda, Atyrau|Bayda]] *[[Baygora]] *[[Bayshonas]] *[[Biikzhal]] *[[Bogatoye, Kazakhstan|Bogatoye]] *[[Bol'shaya safonovka]] *[[Bol'shoy dashin]] *[[Borsk, Atyrau|Borsk]] *[[Bulgachnoye]] *[[Chayka, Atyrau|Chayka]] *[[Cheredovoy]] *[[Dolgun]] *[[Dolonka]] *[[Dossor]] *[[Dudatskiy]] *[[Dzhangil'dino]] *[[Eskene]] *[[Gangyushkino]] *[[Ganyushkino]] *[[Goroshkin]] *[[Gory, Atyrau|Gory]] *[[Imeni diny nurpeisovoy]] *[[Inderbor]] *[[Irmen]] *[[Kamal, Atyrau|Kamal]] *[[Kamstaral]] *[[Kara yar]] *[[Karabau]] *[[Karakol']] *[[Karta, Kazakhstan|Karta]] *[[Kharbayskiy]] *[[Kiroye]] *[[Kirse]] *[[Komsomol, Atyrau|Komsomol]] *[[Konystanu]] *[[Koptogay]] *[[Korduan]] *[[Koreyskiy]] *[[Kotyaevka]] *[[Krasnaya armiya]] *[[Kruglyy]] *[[Kudryashovo]] *[[Kulagino]] *[[Kulakshi]] *[[Kuygan]] *[[Kuygun pervyy]] *[[Kuygun tretiy]] *[[Kzyloba]] *[[L'dobaza]] *[[Linevyy]] *[[Makat]] *[[Makhambet]] *[[Malaya safonovka]] *[[Malyy sudar']] *[[Maqat]] *[[Mashtak]] *[[Matkaral]] *[[Mayaral]] *[[Maykomgen]] *[[Miyaly]] *[[Mukur, Kazakhstan|Mukur]] *[[Munayly]] *[[Novobogatinskoe]] *[[Pervoye maya, Atyrau|Pervoye maya]] *[[Pesochnaya]] *[[Prorva, Atyrau|Prorva]] *[[Qarakol]] *[[Qaraton]] *[[Qonystanu]] *[[Qoshqar]] *[[Qosshaghyl]] *[[Qulsary]] *[[Rembaza]] *[[Rozhok]] *[[Saghyz]] *[[Sagiz]] *[[Saryqamys]] *[[Sarytoghay]] *[[Sennoy]] *[[Shestoy]] *[[Shkola]] *[[Shortanbay]] *[[Starchiy]] *[[Suyindik]] *[[Talambay]] *[[Tangday]] *[[Tartay]] *[[Taschagil]] *[[Taysoyghan]] *[[Tengiz, Atyrau|Tengiz]] *[[Ushtaghan]] *[[Utery]] *[[Yeserken]] *[[Yusupovskiy]] *[[Zaburun'e]] *[[Zormata]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} [[Category:Kazakhstan province templates]] </noinclude> sskg7jfztnug8fx99cxbp1oakekjbmf 10 53241 914708 374035 2026-04-02T19:48:14Z Milenioscuro 14239 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Uzhn-Kz obl.svg]] → [[File:Turkistan in Kazakhstan.svg]] updated svg 914708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Sooth Kazakhstan Province |title = [[Image:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|35px|Flag o Kazakhstan]] [[Sooth Kazakhstan Province]] |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |image=[[File:Turkistan in Kazakhstan.svg|160px]] |above = Caipital: '''[[Shymkent]]''' |titlestyle = background:#7cdefa |group1= Districts |list1 = * [[Baydibek Destrict|Baydibek]] * [[Kazygurt Destrict|Kazygurt]] * [[Maktaaral Destrict|Maktaaral]] * [[Ordabasy Destrict|Ordabasy]] * [[Otyrar Destrict|Otyrar]] * [[Saryagash Destrict|Saryagash]] * [[Sayram Destrict|Sayram]] * [[Shardara Destrict|Shardara]] * [[Sozak Destrict|Sozak]] * [[Tole Bi Destrict|Tole Bi]] * [[Tulkibas Destrict|Tulkibas]] |group2= Major ceeties |list2 = * [[Arys, Kazakhstan|Arys]] * [[Kentau]] * [[Lenger]] * [[Turkistan (ceety)|Turkistan]] * [[Saryagash]] * [[Shardara]] * [[Shymkent]] * [[Zhetisay]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} [[Category:Kazakhstan province templates]] </noinclude> 1su9etyu2gt2aoniuxhnpei0ieym7ca 0 54699 914735 894089 2026-04-03T06:33:53Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914735 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sébastien Lapaque.jpg|thumb|Sébastien Lapaque at Paris Salon du Livre 2010]] '''Sébastien Lapaque''' (born 2 February 1971 in [[Tübingen]]) is a French novelist, essayist an [[gastronome]], an a creetic for ''[[Le Figaro|Figaro littéraire]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.evene.fr/celebre/biographie/sebastien-lapaque-14240.php |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-07-18 |archive-date=2012-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212063000/http://www.evene.fr/celebre/biographie/sebastien-lapaque-14240.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Awairds== *2000 : Prix François Mauriac de l'Académie française *2002 : [[Prix Goncourt de la Nouvelle]], ''Mythologie Française'' *2004 : Prix James-Hennessy ==Wirks== ===Novels=== *''Les Barricades mystérieuses'' (with a préface de Frédéric H. Fajardie), co-édition : éditions Actes Sud, coll. « Babel noir » no 319, Arles, 1998, et éditions Leméac, Montréal, 1998, 268 p., (ISBN 2-7427-1679-3) (Actes Sud) ou (ISBN 2-7609-1893-9) (Leméac), (Notice BNF no FRBNF36703273w) *''Les Idées heureuses'', éditions Actes Sud, coll. « Domaine français », Arles, 1999, 163 p., (ISBN 2-7427-2369-2), (Notice BNF no FRBNF37053414w) *''Les Identités remarquables'', éditions Actes Sud, coll. « Domaine français », Arles, 2009, 174 p., (ISBN 978-2-7427-8536-0), (Notice BNF no FRBNF420258388) ===Essays and pamphlets === *''Georges Bernanos encore une fois'': **première édition — Co-édition : éditions L'Âge d'Homme, Lausanne, et éditions Les Provinciales, Lyon, 1998, 126 p., (ISBN 2-912833-01-9), (Notice BNF no FRBNF361984217) **réédition — Éditions Actes Sud, coll. « Babel » no 534, Arles, 2002, 167 p., (ISBN 2-7427-3734-0), (Notice BNF no FRBNF38823047n) *''Sous le soleil de l’exil, Georges Bernanos au Brésil, 1938–1945'', éditions Bernard Grasset, Paris, 2002, 226 p., (ISBN 2-246-63821-6), (Notice BNF no FRBNF389499266) *Il faut qu'il parte, éditions Stock, Paris, 2008, 134 p., (ISBN 978-2-234-06161-3), (Notice BNF no FRBNF41271136x) *''Sermon de saint François d'Assise aux oiseaux et aux fusées'', éditions Stock, Paris, 2008, 90 p., (ISBN 978-2-234-06199-6), (Notice BNF no FRBNF413726101) ===Short stories=== *2001 : ''Le spleen de Ben Hur in Lectures pour tous'', contre le prêt payant en bibliothèque publique, Cétacé, collection dirigée par Didier Daeninckx et Valère Staraselski, Éditions Bérénice. *2002 : ''Mythologie française'', Actes Sud. *2004 : ''Le Mot de la fin in Le Dernier Homme'', nouvelles présentées et rassemblées par Jérôme Leroy, Le Belles Lettres *2010 : ''Le Dernier roi de Belomanie'', la Nouvelle Revue Française n°595, Gallimard. ===Anthologies === *1999 : ''Triomphe de Dionysos'', avec Jérôme Leroy, Actes Sud. *2002 : ''J’ai vu passer dans mon rêve'', anthologie de la poésie française, Librio *2004 : ''Le goût de Rio de Janeiro'', Mercure de France *2004 : ''Le goût d'Athènes'', Mercure de France *2009 : ''Les 7 péchés capitaux'', Librio ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lapaque, Sebastien}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Tübingen]] [[Category:French novelists]] [[Category:French essayists]] [[Category:French jurnalists]] glypyh4u5e2j9ot4ee666mb4kdgofcz 0 57079 914703 894103 2026-04-02T17:28:52Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = Nawal_El_Saadawi_02.JPG | image_size = 150px | | name = Nawal El Saadawi<br />نوال السعداوى | caption = Nawal El Saadawi | birth_date = {{Birth date|1931|10|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Kafr Tahla]], [[Egyp]] | death_date = 21 Mairch 2021 (aged 89) | death_place = [[Cairo]], [[Egyp]] | religion = | occupation = [[Pheesician]], [[psychiatrist]], [[author]], [[feminist]] | spouse = [[Sherif Hatata]] (1964-2021) | children = 2 }} '''Nawal El Saadawi''' ({{lang-ar|نوال السعداوى}}, born 27 October 1931; deed 21 Mairch 2021) wis a [[Egyptians|Egyptian]] [[feminist]] writer, activist, pheesician an psychiatrist. She haes written mony beuks on the subject o [[weemen an Islam|weemen in Islam]], payin pairticular attention tae the practice o [[female genital cuttin]] in her society. She is foonder an preses o the Arab Weemen's Solidarity Association <ref>Hitchcock, Peter, Nawal el Saadawi, Sherif Hetata. “Living the Struggle.” ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170-179.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.awsa.net/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-08-22 |archive-date=2013-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824133831/http://www.awsa.net/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> an co-foonder o the Arab Association for Human Richts.<ref>Nawal El Saadawi. “Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999.” The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 33.3-34.1 (Autumn, 2000 - Winter, 2001): 34-39. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1315340.</ref> She haes been awairdit honorar degrees on three continents. In 2004, she wan the North-South prize frae the Cooncil o Europe. In 2005, the Inana Internaitional Prize in Belgium.<ref>"PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi." http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY&feature=related</ref> Nawal el Saadawi haes held poseetions o Author for the Supreme Cooncil for Airts an Social Sciences, Cairo; Director General o the Halth Eddication Depairtment, Meenistry o Halth, Cairo, Secretar General o Medical Association, Cairo, Egyp, an Medical Doctor, Varsity Hospital an Meenistry o Halth. She is the foonder o Halth Eddication Association an the Egyptian Weemen Writer’s Association; she wis Chief Editor o ''Health Magazine'' in Cairo, Egyp an Editor o ''Medical Association Magazine''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=47:nawal-el-saadawi&catid=34:biography&Itemid=54 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-08-22 |archive-date=2014-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221204627/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=47:nawal-el-saadawi&catid=34:biography&Itemid=54 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/saadawi.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-08-22 |archive-date=2013-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523235141/http://www2.webster.edu/~woolflm/saadawi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Awairds an honors== *2007 Honorary Doctorate, [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]], Belgium *2007 Honorary Doctorate, [[Université Libre de Belgique]], Belgium *2010 Honorary Doctorate, [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]], Mexico *2011 [[Stig Dagerman Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.svd.se/kultur/2012/01/09/motvillig-el-saadawi-far-dagermanpriset/ |title=Motvillig El Saadawi får Dagermanpriset |work=[[SvD]] |author= |language=Swadish |date=January 9, 2012 |accessdate=October 27, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/article14833794.ab |title=”Lydnad är ett dödligt gift” |work=Kultur |author= |language=Swadish |date=May 15, 2012 |accessdate=October 27, 2012}}</ref> ==Bibliografie== Saadawi haes written prolifically, placin some o her wirks online.<ref>[http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/books.htm Works available online at Saadawi's website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219214904/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/books.htm |date=2006-12-19 }}.</ref> Her works include: *''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (1960, 1980; translatit bi [[Catherine Cobham]], 1989) * ''Searching'' (1968; translated bi Shirley Eber, 1991) * ''The Death of the Only Man in the World'' (1974; translatit bi [[Sherif Hetata]], 1985) Published in Inglis unner the title ''God Dies by the Nile'' * ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'' (1975; translatit bi Sherif Hetata, 1983) * ''The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World'' (1977; transl. bi Sherif Hetata, 1980) * ''The Circling Song'' (1978; transl. bi [[Marilyn Booth]], 1989) * ''Death of an Ex-Minister'' (1980; transl. bi Shirley Eber, 1987) * ''She Has No Place in Paradise'' (1979; transl. bi Shirley Eber) * ''Two Women in One'' (1983; transl. bi [[Osman Nusairi]] an Jana Gough, 1985) * ''The Fall of the Imam'' (1987; transl. bi Sherif Hetata, 1988) * ''Memoirs from the Women's Prison'' (1984; transl. bi Marilyn Booth, 1994) * ''The Innocence of the Devil'' (1994; transl. bi Sherif Hetata, 1994) * ''North/South: The Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (1997) * ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'', translatit bi [[Basil Hatim]] an [[Malcolm William (translator)|Malcolm Williams]] (Saqi Beuks, 2000) * ''A Daughter of Isis'' * ''Dissidenza e scrittura'' (2008) * ''L'amore ai tempi del petrolio'', translatit bi Marika Macco, introduction bi [[Luisa Morgantini]], Editrice il Sirente, [[Fagnano Alto]], 2009. ISBN 978-88-87847-16-1 '''PUBLICATION HISTORY''': The follaein is a complete leet o her written wirks.<ref>http://myafrica.allafrica.com/view/people/main/id/07PG6rWKbUCoymyg.html</ref> Aw originals in Arabic. Mony hae been translated intae Inglis, French, German, Spaingie, Portuguese, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Italian, Dutch, Finnish, Indonesian, Japanese, Iranian, Turkish, Urdu, an ither 30 leids. FICTION:<br> NOVELS (in Arabic): * ''Memoirs of a Woman Doctor'' (Cairo, 1958) * ''The Absent One'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Two Women in One'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Woman at Point Zero'' (Beirut, 1973) * ''The Death of the Only Man on Earth'' (Beirut, 1975) * ''The Children’s Circling Song'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''The Fall of the Imam'' (Cairo, 1987) * ''Ganat and the Devil'' (Beirut, 1991) * ''Love in the Kingdom of Oil'' (Cairo, 1993) * ''The Novel'' (Dar El Hilal Publishers Cairo 2004) * ''Zeina, Novel'' (Dar Al Saqi Beirut, 2009) SHORT STORY COLLECTIONS'' (in Arabic): * ''I Learnt Luve'' (Cairo, 1957) * ''A Moment o Truth'' (Cairo, 1959) * ''Little Tenderness'' (Cairo, 1960) * ''The Thread an the Wall'' (Cairo, 1972) * ''Ain El Hayat'' (Beirut, 1976) * ''She wis the Weaker'' (Beirut, 1977) * ''Daith o an Ex-meenister'' (Beirut, 1978) * ''Adab Am Kellet Abad'' (Cairo, 2000) PLAYS (in Arabic): * ''Twal Weemen in a Cell'' (Cairo, 1984) * ''Isis'' (Cairo, 1985) * ''God Resigns in the Summit Meetin'' (1996), published by Madbouli, and other four plays included in her ''Collected Works'' (45 books in Arabic ) published by Madbouli in Cairo 2007 NON-FICTION: MEMOIRS (in Arabic): * ''Memoirs in a Weemen’s Prison'' (Cairo, 1983) * ''My Travels Aroond the Warld'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''Memoirs o a Child Called Soad'' (Cairo, 1990) * ''My Life, Pairt I, Autobiography'' (Cairo, 1996) * ''My Life, Pairt II, Autobiography'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''My Life, Pairt III,'' (Cairo, 2001) <br> <br> BOOKS ( Non Fiction ) (in Arabic): * ''Weemen an Sex'' (Cairo, 1969) * ''Woman is the Origin'' (Cairo, 1971) * ''Men an Sex'' (Cairo, 1973) * ''The Naked Face o Arab Weemen'' (Cairo, 1974) * ''Weemen an Neurosis'' (Cairo, 1975) * ''On Weemen'' (Cairo, 1986) * ''A New Battle in Arab Weemen Liberation'' (Cairo, 1992) * ''Collection o Essays'' (Cairo, 1998) * ''Collection o Essays'' (Cairo, 2001) * ''Breaking Doun Barriers'' (Cairo, 2004) <br> <br> BOOKS TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH: * ''The Hidden Face o Eve [Study]'' (London: Zed Books, 1980) , re issued 2008 * ''[[Woman at Point Zero]]'' [novel] (London: Zed Books, 1982), re issued 2008 * ''God Dies bi the Nile'' [novel] (London: Zed Books, 1984) reissued 2008 * ''Circling Sang'' [novel] (London: Zed Books, 1986) reissued 2008 * ''The Faw o Imam'' [novel] (London: Methuen, 1987) Saqui Books London 2001 , 2009 * ''Searching'' [novel] (London: Zed Books, 1988) reissued 2008 * ''Daith o an Ex-meenister'' [short stories] (London: Methuen, 1987) * ''She haes no Place in Paradise'' [short stories] (London: Methuen, 1987) * ''My Traivel Aroond the Warld'' [non-fiction] (London: Methuen, 1985) * ''Memoirs frae the Weemen’s Prison'' [non-fiction] (London: Women’s Press, 1985) (also: University of California Press, USA, 1995) * ''Twa Weemen in Ane [novel]'' (London: Al-Saqi Books, 1992) * ''Memoirs o a Weemen Doctor'' [novel] (London: Methuen, 1994) (also: City Lights, USA, 1993) * ''The Well o Life'' [two novels] (London: Methuen, 1994) * ''The Innocence o the Devil'' [novel] (London: Methuen, 1994) (also: University of California Press, 1995) * ''Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' [non-fiction essays] (London: Zed Books, 1997) * ''Vol 11 Nawal El Saadawi Reader'' (Zed Books 2009) * ''Pairt I A Dochter o Isis'' [autobiography] (London: Zed Books, 1999) reissued 2008 * ''Pairt II Walkin Throu Fire'' [autobiography] (London: Zed Books, 2002) reissued 2008 * ''Luve in the Kinrick o ile'' [novel] (Lunnon: Alsaqui Beuks, 2001) == References == {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Wikiquote|Nawal El Saadawi}} * [http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/ Nawal El Saadawi's wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517/http://www.nawalsaadawi.net/ |date=2014-05-17 }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saadawi, Nawal}} [[Category:1931 births]] [[Category:Arab feminists]] [[Category:2021 daiths]] [[Category:Egyptian dissidents]] [[Category:Egyptian physeecians]] [[Category:Egyptian feminists]] [[Category:Egyptian weemen's richts activists]] [[Category:Egyptian weemen writers]] [[Category:Feminist writers]] [[Category:Weemen's richts in Egyp]] [[Category:Cairo Varsity alumni]] 1m368z3inoivef142wr9us2wjzq1owi 0 68727 914696 894194 2026-04-02T14:55:34Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |image = |image_size = |name = Mark Bautista |image = |caption = Mark Bautista as a guest performer in Sarah Geronimo's ''The Next One'' Concert Tour |birth_name = Mark Bautista |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1983|8|10|df=yes}} |birth_place = [[Cagayan de Oro]], [[Misamis Oriental]], [[Philippines]] |occupation = [[Sangster]], [[Actor]] |years_active = 2002 - present |module = {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed=yes |background = solo_singer |instrument = [[sangster|Vocals]] |genre = [[pop muisic|Pop]] |label = [[VIVA Records]] |website = [http://www.markbautista.com www.markbautista.com] |associated_acts = }} }} '''Mark Bautista''' (born 10 August 1983) is a [[Philippines|Filipino]] sangster, actor an commercial model. Born intae a lairge, impoverished faimily in Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. Bautista receivit his career break when he wis a Grand feenalist on Philippine reality TV talent search ''Star for a Night'' an eventually placed seicont ahint [[Sarah Geronimo]]. He is nou wi the [[GMA Network]].<ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/story/186185/pep-mark-bautista-returns-to-kapuso-network]</ref> ==Discografie== ===Albums=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! Title ! width=120|Certifications ! width=100|Sales |- | 2004 | '''''Mark Bautista''''' * Studio album * Released: 2003 | align=left| *[[Philippine Association of the Record Industry|PHL]]: Gowd | align=left| *15,000+ |- | 2005 | '''''Dream On Expanded'''''^{<span id="endnote_A"></span>[[#ref A|['''A''']]]} * Studio album * Released: Januar 2006 | align=left| *PHL: Gold | align=left| *15,000+ |- | 2007 | '''''Every Now and Then''''' * Studio album * Released: 27 Apryle 2007 | align=left| *PHL: Gold | align=left| *15,000+ |- | 2008 | '''''I'll Be the One''''' * Studio album * Released: 15 August 2008 | align=left| {{center|-}} | align=left| *10,000+ |- | 2010 | '''''Nagmamahal, Mark Bautista''''' * Studio album * Released: 16 October 2010 | align=left| {{center|-}} | align=left| *10,000+ |- | 2013 | '''''The Sound of Love'''''<ref>"[http://www.causticthoughts.com/2013/04/mark-bautista-the-sound-of-love.html Mark Bautista's stays true to his roots with The Sound of Love] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107072759/http://www.causticthoughts.com/2013/04/mark-bautista-the-sound-of-love.html |date=2013-11-07 }}."</ref> * Studio album * Released: 1 Juin 2013 | align=left| {{center|-}} | align=left| |- |} '''Notes''' * A<span id="endnote_A"></span>'''[[#ref A|^]]''' ''Dream On Expanded'' wis first released as a sax-track [[extended play|EP]] on 13 September 2005, entitled ''Dream On'', afore it wis re-released as a studio album. ===Singles=== {|class=wikitable |- !Year !Title !Album |- |2003 |"Baliw" |rowspan=4|''Mark Bautista'' |- |rowspan=3|2004 |"Ako'y Maghihintay" <small>(wi Sarah Geronimo)</small> |- |"[[Another Chance]]" |- |"Lahat sa Buhay Ko" |- |rowspan=2|2005 |"[[:en:I Need You (LeAnn Rimes song)|I Need You]]" |rowspan=3|''Dream On Expanded'' |- |"You Win the Game" |- |2006 |"And by Now" |- |2007 |"[[Break It to Me Gently]]" |''Every Now and Then'' |- |2008 |"Eternally" |rowspan=2|''I'll Be the One'' |- |2009 |"Sana'y Dinggin Mo" |- |2010 |"Kahit May Mahal Ka Ng Iba" |rowspan=3|''Nagmamahal, Mark Bautista'' |- |2011 |"Bakit" |- |2012 |"Next To You" |- |rowspan=2|2013 |"Bato Sa Buhangin" |rowspan=2|''The Sound Of Love'' |- |"That's All" |- |} ===Guest appearances=== {|class=wikitable |- !Year !Sang !Album |- |2003 |"[[Broken Vow]]" <small>([[Sarah Geronimo]] wi Mark Bautista)</small> |''[[Popstar: A Dream Come True]]'' |- |2004 |"Kay Gandang Umaga" <small>(Sarah Geronimo wi Mark Bautista)</small> |''[[Sweet Sixteen (Sarah Geronimo album)|Sweet Sixteen]]'' |- |rowspan=3|2005 |"Pang-Romansang Espesyal" <small>(Salbakuta wi Mark Bautista)</small> |''Pang-Romansang Espesyal'' |- |"[[I Finally Found Someone]]" (Live) <small>(Sarah Geronimo wi Mark Bautista)</small> |''[[The Other Side: Live Album]]'' |- |"Window of My Heart" <small>([[Rachelle Ann Go]] wi Mark Bautista)</small> |''[[I Care]]'' |- |2007 |"Time to Let Go" <small>(Sarah Geronimo feat. Mark Bautista)</small> |''[[Taking Flight]]'' |- |} ===Ither appearances=== {|class=wikitable |- !Year !Sang !Album |- |rowspan=4|2003 |"Ngayon at Kailanman" |''Star for a Night'' |- |"[[O Holy Night]]" |rowspan=2|''A Viva Popstars Christmas'' |- |"Christmas Won't Be the Same Without You" <small>(wi [[Sarah Geronimo]])</small> |- |"Awit ng Pabo at Loro" <small>(wi Sarah Geronimo)</small> |''Lagi Kitang Mamahalin'' |- |rowspan=3|2004 |"Ngayon at Kailanman" (Live) |rowspan=3|''Night of the Champions'' |- |"Broken Vow" (Live) <small>(Sarah Geronimo wi Mark Bautista)</small> |- |"How Did You Know" (Live) |- |rowspan=4|2005 |"[[Another Chance]]" (Live) |rowspan=3|''[[Return Of The Champions (OPM album)|Return of the Champions]]'' |- |"Ako'y Maghihintay" (Live) <small>(with Sarah Geronimo)</small> |- |"Lahat sa Buhay Ko" (Live) |- |"Search for the Star in a Million" (Theme) <small>(wi Sarah Geronimo, [[Erik Santos]] an [[Christian Bautista]])</small> |''[[Search for the Star in a Million]]'' |- |2006 |"Beh Buti Nga" <small>(feat. [[Anne Curtis]])</small> |''[[ASAP Music#Hotsilog|Hotsilog: The ASAP Hotdog Compilation]]'' |- |} ==Filmografie== ===Films=== {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" |'''Year''' |'''Title''' |'''Role''' |'''Studio''' |'''Notes''' |- | 2012 || [[Of All the Things (film)]] || Efs || [[VIVA Films]][[GMA Films]] || supportin cast |- | 2009 || [[Kimmy Dora]] || Doctor || [[Spring Films]] || Cameo |- | 2009 || [[Sundo]] || Baste || [[GMA Films]] || |- | 2009 || Status: Single || || [[VIVA Films|Viva]] || |- | 2008 || [[Baler]] || Lope || [[Viva Films]] || |- | 2007 || [[Paano Kita Iibigin]] || Raffy || [[ABS CBN]] || |- | 2004 || [[Lastikman: Unang Banat]] || [[Lastikman]]/Adrian Rosales || [[VIVA Films]] || |- | 2004 || [[Masikip sa Dibdib]] || Singer || [[ABS CBN]] || Cameo |- | 2004 || Annie B. || Mark || [[GMA Films]] || |- |} ===Televeesion=== {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" |'''Year''' |'''Title''' |'''Role''' |'''Netwirk''' |'''Notes''' |- | 2013-present || [[Sunday All Stars]] || Hissel/Performer || [[GMA Network]] || Main Cast/Team Leader o Tropang Trending |- | 2012 || [[Yesterday's Bride]] || Dave Serrano || [[GMA Network]] || Supportin Role |- | 2012 || Chef Boy Logro: Kusina Master || Hissel/Guest || [[GMA Network]] |- | 2012 || Charice: One for the Heart || Hissel/Performer || [[GMA Network]] || Guest Performer |- | 2012 || [[Legacy (2012 TV series)|Legacy]] || Eboy || [[GMA Network]] || Supportin Cast |- | 2010 || [[Dwarfina]] || Estong || [[GMA Network]]|| |- | 2010 || [[Wish Ko Lang]] || Hissel || [[GMA Network]] || |- | 2010 || [[Pilyang Kerubin]] || Archangel Gabriel || [[GMA Network]] || |- | 2010 || [[Diva (TV series)|Diva]] || Hissel cameo appearance || [[GMA Network]] || |- | 2010-2013 || [[Party Pilipinas]] || Hissel/Performer || [[GMA Network]] || Main Cast |- | 2010 || [[May Bukas Pa]] || Victorico/Choir Member || [[ABS CBN]] || Final Chapter AMEN |- | 2009 || [[May Bukas Pa]] || Victorio || [[ABS CBN]] || Chapter 16 HOPE |- | 2008 || [[Maalaala Mo Kaya]] || Bugoy Drilon || [[ABS CBN]] || Episode "Kalabaw" |- | 2007 || [[Maalaala Mo Kaya]] || Vic/Mie Mie Barcelona || [[ABS CBN]] || Episode "The Mie Mie Barcelona Story" |- | 2007 || [[Sana Maulit Muli]] || Francis Marquez || [[ABS CBN]] || Recurring Role |- | 2006 || [[Your Song]] || Jessie Hipolito|| [[ABS CBN]] || Episode "Forevers Not Enough" |- | 2006 || [[Maalaala Mo Kaya]] || Roger || [[ABS CBN]] || Episode "Radyo" |- | 2005 || [[Maalaala Mo Kaya]] || Louie || [[ABS CBN]] || Episode "Panyo" |- | 2005 || [[Kampanerang Kuba]] || Repus Akach || [[ABS CBN]] || Recurrin role His character name came frae twistit "Super Chaka" |- | 2005 || [[Wansapanataym]] || Hissel || [[ABS CBN]] || Episode "Sayaw ni Kikay" |- | 2004 || [[Maalaala Mo Kaya]] || Hissel || [[ABS CBN]] || Episode "Barya" |- | 2004–2010 || [[ASAP (variety show)|ASAP]] || Hissel || [[ABS CBN]] || |- | 2003 || Sarah: The Teen Princess|| Baste Di Magiba || [[ABS CBN]] || Main Role |- | 2003 || [[Search For A Star]] || Hissel / Field Reporter || [[GMA Network]] || |- | 2003 || [[SOP (Philippine TV series)|SOP]] || Hissel performer || [[GMA Network]] || |- | 2002 || [[Star for a Night]] || Hissel || [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] || 1st runner-up tae Grand Champion [[Sarah Geronimo]] |- |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.markbautista.com Offeecial Wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706103551/http://markbautista.com/ |date=2019-07-06 }} *[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1400989/ Mark Bautista] on the [[Internet Movie Database]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Bautista, Mark}} [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Filipino male film actors]] [[Category:Filipino male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Filipino male sangsters]] [[Category:Filipino televeesion personalities]] [[Category:Inglis-leid sangsters o the Philippines]] [[Category:Fowk frae Cagayan de Oro]] p451uhj2k94muvplks0ko1qyjovmaph 0 69512 914730 870566 2026-04-03T04:42:53Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Heart o Neolithic Orkney | Image = [[File:Skara Brae 12.jpg|180px|Skara Brae, leukin north]] | State Party = Scotland | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | ID = 514 | Region = [[Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Europe|Europe an North Americae]] | Year = 1999 | Session = 23rd | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/514 }} '''Skara Brae''' {{IPA|ˈskarəˈbre}} is a stane-biggit [[Neolithic]] rauchle, locatit on the [[Bay o Skaill]] on the wast coast o [[Mainland, Orkney|Mainland]], the lairgest island in the [[Orkney]] airchipelago o [[Scotland]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Skara Brae from The Gazetteer for Scotland|url=https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst1186.html|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.scottish-places.info|language=en-gb}}</ref> It is ane o the maist auld fermin sattlements excavatit in northern Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Skara Brae - Statement of Significance {{!}} Historic Environment Scotland|url=https://www.historicenvironment.scot/archives-and-research/publications/publication/?publicationId=e5ff4d06-3fbb-44eb-b58b-a86600c1d65c|access-date=2022-07-24|website=www.historicenvironment.scot|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It wis foond amshach-lik in 1850 kiverit in sand, archeiologists pruivit that it wis five thoosand year auld, an fowk hed bidit there fir aboot sax hunner year but naebody kens whit wey they left it.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Skara Brae {{!}} History, Facts, & Discovery {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Skara-Brae|access-date=2022-07-24|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> {{coord|59|02|55|N|3|20|35|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=title}} [[Category:Populatit places established in the 4t millennium BC]] [[Category:Airchaeological steids in Orkney]] [[Category:Prehistoric Orkney]] [[Category:Scheduled Auncient Monuments in Scotland]] [[Category:Stane Age steids in Scotland]] [[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Scotland]] [[Category:Neolithic settlements]] [[Category:Megalithic monuments in Scotland]] [[Category:Umwhile populatit places in Scotland]] [[Category:Historic Scotland properties in Orkney]] [[Category:Museums in Orkney]] [[Category:Airchaeological museums in Scotland]] [[Category:History museums in Scotland]] [[Category:Neolithic Scotland]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] {{Stub/Orkney}} {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} == References == <references /> == Fremit airtins == * [https://canmore.org.uk/site/1663/skara-brae Skara Brae - Canmore] bzobdkret1h1jrv9krazmy935k3tfcu 0 70773 914736 833163 2026-04-03T06:57:52Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914736 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tarland''' ([[Scots Gaelic leid|Scots Gaelic]]: ''Turlann'') is a veelage in [[Aiberdeenshire]], [[Scotland]] an is locatit five mile northwast o [[Abyne]], an 30 mile wast o [[Aiberdeen]]. Population 540 (2004). Tarland is hame tae the Culsh Earth House, an [[Iron Age]] belaw-grund dwellin that itherwise kent as a [[Souterrain]]. Souterrains wur uised tae store fuid an the Culsh Earth House probably servit as a commonty cellar. [[Image:Tomnaverie stone circle.jpg|thumb|left|Tomnaverie Stane Circle]] Juist sooth o Tarland is the [[Tomnaverie]] [[Stane circle|Stane Circle]], a 4000-year-auld recumbent stane circle. The laund is awned bi the [[MacRobert Trust]] an in the care o [[Historic Scotland]]. The circle wis recently restored wi help frae a donation bi the trust. Melgum Lodge near Tarland wis oreeginally built as a huntin lodge for the pheesician tae [[Queen Victoria]] who frequently stayed in the vicinity at [[Balmoral Castle]]. Tarland kirk ({{lang-gd|Cill Mo Luaig}}) commemorates ''Mo Luag'', a saunt mair aften associatit wi the wast coast. ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.aboynedinnetchurch.org.uk/cromarchurch.htm Cromar Parish Church] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710081442/http://www.aboynedinnetchurch.org.uk/cromarchurch.htm |date=2007-07-10 }} *[http://robinwilson.net/tomnaveriecu/tomnaverie.html Panorama of the Tomnaverie stone circle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050504033256/http://www.robinwilson.net/tomnaveriecu/tomnaverie.html |date=2005-05-04 }} (QuickTime required) *[http://www.themacroberttrust.org.uk/ The MacRobert Trust] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510000329/http://www.themacroberttrust.org.uk/ |date=2017-05-10 }} {{Marr, Aiberdeenshire places|state=uncollapsed}} {{Aiberdeenshire places|state=collapsed}} {{coord|57|08|N|2|52|W|region:GB_type:city|display=title}} [[Category:Veelages in Aiberdeenshire]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} 3te48vk5soh5md8z6g1dvrf32vpmgqo 0 75587 914719 645579 2026-04-03T02:04:52Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name = San Pedro Ixcatlán |settlement_type =[[Municipalities o Mexico|Municipality]] an toun |other_name = |native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |nickname = |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = Location o the municipality in Oaxaca |pushpin_map = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position =above |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Mexico <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Mexico}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Mexico|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Oaxaca]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of =2005 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central Staundart Time]] |utc_offset = -6 |timezone_DST = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central Daylicht Time]] |utc_offset_DST = -5 |coordinates = |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''San Pedro Ixcatlán''' is a toun an [[Municipalities o Oaxaca|municipality]] in [[Oaxaca]] in sooth-westren [[Mexico]]. The municipality covers a aurie o km². It is pairt o the [[Tuxtepec Destrict]] o the [[Papaloapan Region]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/458 Ixcatlán, Santa María, Mexico]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} is a map from 1579 {{Tuxtepec Destrict}} {{coord|18|09|N|96|30|W|source:eowiki_region:MX|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:San Pedro Ixcatlan}} [[Category:Municipalities o Oaxaca]] [[Category:Populatit places in Oaxaca]] {{Oaxaca-geo-stub}} bnn9xe3nlofyozb9oufelpx93xwxegr 0 79193 914702 914349 2026-04-02T17:27:22Z Fma12 27665 2026 updated 914702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = San Lorenzo | image = [[File:Sanlorenzo_almagro_logo2026.png|150px]] | fullname = Club Atlético San Lorenzo de Almagro | nickname = ''Santo'', ''Cuervo'', ''Ciclón'', ''Azulgrana'', ''Matadores'' | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1908|04|01}} | ground = [[Estadio Pedro Bidegain]], <br> [[Flores, Buenos Aires]] | capacity = 47,964 | chairman = [[Sergio Costantino]] | manager = [[Gustavo Álvarez]] | league = [[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] | season = 2024 | position = 24th | website = http://www.sanlorenzo.com.ar/ | pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=_sl2014h|pattern_ra1=|pattern_sh1=|leftarm1=000088|body1=000088|rightarm1=000088|shorts1=000088|socks1=000088 |pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=_sl2014a|pattern_ra2=|pattern_sh2=|leftarm2=000088|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=000088|shorts2=ffffff|socks2=FFFFFF |pattern_la3=|pattern_b3=_sl2014t|pattern_ra3=|pattern_sh3=|leftarm3=000088|body3=000088|rightarm3=000088|shorts3=000088|socks3=000088 }} [[File:Estadio Pedro Bidegain.jpg|thumb|]] [[File:LIGA vs SAN LORENZO (3).jpg|thumb|]] '''Club Atlético San Lorenzo de Almagro''' ({{IPA-es|kluβ aˈtletiko san loˈɾenso ðe alˈmaɣɾo|local}}) is a [[Argentinae|Argentine]] [[sports club]] based in the [[Flores, Buenos Aires|Flores]] neebourheid o [[Buenos Aires]], tho oreeginally frae [[Boedo]] which is best kent for its [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] team which plays in the [[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]], the tap diveesion o the [[Argentine fitbaw league seestem]]. San Lorenzo is an aa considered ane o the 5 Great Teams (''"Los 5 Grandes"'') in Argentinian fitbaw, wi [[Club Atlético River Plate|River Plate]], [[Club Atlético Boca Juniors|Boca Juniors]], [[Club Atlético Independiente|Independiente]] an [[Racing Club de Avellaneda|Racing Club]]. Its historical rival is [[Club Atlético Huracán|Huracán]]. Ither sports practisit at the club are [[basketbaw]], [[field hockey]], [[team handbaw|handbaw]], [[mairtial airts]], [[tennis]], [[volleybaw]] an [[rugby union]].<ref>[http://webbellisnews.blogspot.com.ar/2009/12/san-lorenzo-rugby-cierre-de-un-gran-ano.html "San Lorenzo rugby, cierre de un gran año", Argentine Webb Ellis website], 2009-12-07</ref> ==Honours== ===Naitional=== *'''[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] (15)''': [[:en:1923 in Argentine football|1923 AAm]],{{efn|name=aam|The Asociación Amateurs de Football (AAm) was a rival association which organized its own championships from 1919 to 1926.}} [[:en:1924 in Argentine football|1924 Aam]],{{efn|name=aam}} [[:en:1927 in Argentine football|1927]], [[:en:1933 Argentine Primera División|1933]], [[:en:1936 Argentine Primera División|1936 (Copa de Honor)]]{{efn|On July 2013, The Argentine Football Association recognized the 1936 Copa de Honor won by San Lorenzo as a Primera División honour. The information was also added to AFA's website.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.clarin.com/deportes/AFA-reconocio-San-Lorenzo-River_0_950905061.html |title="La AFA les reconoció otro título a San Lorenzo y a River", ''Clarín'', 6 July 2013 |access-date=2014-07-29 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231546/http://www.clarin.com/deportes/AFA-reconocio-San-Lorenzo-River_0_950905061.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://cronica.com.ar/diario/2013/07/05/50257-san-lorenzo-y-river-campeones.html "77 años después: San Lorenzo y River, campeones!", ''Crónica'', 5 July 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216000000/https://web.archive.org/web/20131216002759/http://cronica.com.ar/diario/2013/07/05/50257-san-lorenzo-y-river-campeones.html |date=2013-12-16 }}</ref>}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://biblioteca.afa.org.ar/libros/libro_13/ |title="Memoria y Balance 1936", p.41 - AFA Library |access-date=2014-07-29 |archive-date=2014-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624014312/http://biblioteca.afa.org.ar/libros/libro_13/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:1946 Argentine Primera División|1946]], [[:en:1959 Argentine Primera División|1959]], [[:en:1968 Argentine Primera División#Campeonato Metropolitano|1968 Metropolitano]], <br> [[:en:1972 Argentine Primera División#Campeonato Metropolitano|1972 Metropolitano]], [[:en:1972 Argentine Primera División#Campeonato Nacional|1972 Nacional]], [[:en:1974 Argentine Primera División#Campeonato Nacional|1974 Nacional]], [[:en:1994–95 Argentine Primera División#Torneo Clausura|1995 Clausura]], [[:en:2000–01 Argentine Primera División#Torneo Clausura|2001 Clausura]], [[:en:2006–07 Argentine Primera División#Torneo Clausura|2007 Clausura]], [[:en:2013-14 Argentine Primera División season#Torneo Inicial|2013 Inicial]] *'''[[Primera B Metropolitana|Primera División B]] (1)''': 1982 <ref>[http://www.afa.org.ar/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1600 Segunda División&nbsp;– Campeones] on AFA website</ref> *'''[[Primera División C]] (1)''': 1914 <ref>[http://www.cihf.com.ar/campeonesargentinos.htm Campeones Argentinos&nbsp;– CIHF]</ref> *'''[[Copa de la República]] (1)''': 1943 <ref>[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/arg-rep43.html Campeonato de la República at RSSSF]</ref> *'''[[Supercopa Argentina]] (1)''': 2015 Wanoffeicial: *'''Copa San Martín de Tours{{efn|The matches of this Cup belonged to the league or National championship. From 1986 to 1996 it was played in the most important match between two Buenos Aireans teams.}} (1)''': 1994<ref>[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/argsanmartintours.html Copa San Martín de Tours: historic results at RSSSF]</ref> *'''Copa Jorge Newbery (1)''': 1964<ref>[http://www.museodesanlorenzo.com.ar/contenido/copas/1964/pagina.htm Copa Jorge Newbery 1964, Museo de San Lorenzo website]</ref> ===Internaitional=== *'''[[Copa Libertadores]] (1)''': [[:en:2014 Copa Libertadores|2014]] <ref>{{cite web|title=San Lorenzo win Copa Libertadores|url=http://www.espnfc.com/copa-libertadores/story/1984734/san-lorenzo-tops-paraguays-nacional-1-0-to-the-2014-copa-libertadores-final|publisher=ESPN FC|accessdate=14 August 2014|date=14 August 2014}}</ref> *'''[[Copa Mercosur]] (1)''': [[:en:2001 Copa Mercosur|2001]] *'''[[Copa Sudamericana]] (1)''': [[:en:2002 Copa Sudamericana|2002]] *'''[[Copa Campeonato del Río de la Plata]] {{efn|The Copa Campeonato del Río de la Plata was an official football competition organized by the Amateur Football Association and the Uruguayan Football Federation. It was played with a similar format to the [[Copa Aldao]], but in this case, involving the champions of the dissident associations.}} (1)''': [[:en:1923 in Argentine football|1923]] <ref>[http://www.rsssf.com/sacups/aldao.html '''RSSSF''': Campeonato Rioplatense]</ref> *'''[[Copa Aldao]] (1)''': [[:en:1927 in Argentine football|1927]] ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Club Atlético San Lorenzo de Almagro}} *[http://www.sanlorenzo.com.ar Offeecial wabsteid] *[http://www.sanlorenzowebsite.com.ar/ San Lorenzo wabsteid] *[http://www.mundoazulgrana.com.ar/ Mundo Azulgrana] [[Category:San Lorenzo de Almagro| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1908]] [[Category:Argentine volleybaw teams]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Buenos Aires]] rqrzrjwkyagt2up8g727ahj8o3x237q 0 82557 914721 424340 2026-04-03T02:28:14Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914721 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:HondurasSantaBárbara.png|right|Location o Santa Bárbara depairtment]] '''Santa Bárbara''' is ane o the 18 [[Depairtments o Honduras|depairtments]] ''(departamentos)'' intae which the [[Central Americae|Central American]] naition o [[Honduras]] is dividit. The depairtmental caipital is [[Santa Bárbara, Honduras|Santa Bárbara]]. ==Geografie== The depairtment covers a total surface aurie o 5,115&nbsp;km² an, in 2005, haed a estimatit population o 368,298 fowk. ==Economy== The depairtment, historically, is kent for harvestin [[mahogany]] an [[cedar firth|cedar]] trees for exportation.<ref name=Baily>{{cite book|last=Baily|first=John|title=Central America; Describing Each of the States of Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica|year=1850|publisher=Trelawney Saunders|location=London|page=119|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7306/view/1/119/|access-date=2014-10-04|archive-date=2015-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822002457/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7306/view/1/119/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==[[Municipalities o Honduras|Municipalities]]== # [[Arada]] # [[Atima]] # [[Azacualpa]] # [[Ceguaca]] # [[Chinda]] # [[Concepción del Norte]] # [[Concepción del Sur]] # [[El Nispero]] # [[Gualala, Honduras|Gualala]] # [[Ilama]] # [[Las Vegas, Santa Bárbara|Las Vegas]] # [[Macuelizo]] # [[Naranjito, Santa Bárbara|Naranjito]] # [[Nueva Frontera]] # [[Nuevo Celilac]] # [[Petoa]] # [[Protección]] # [[Quimistán]] # [[San Francisco de Ojuera]] # [[San José de Colinas]] # [[San Luis, Santa Bárbara|San Luis]] # [[San Marcos, Santa Bárbara|San Marcos]] # [[San Nicolás, Santa Bárbara|San Nicolás]] # [[San Pedro Zacapa]] # [[Santa Bárbara, Santa Bárbara|Santa Bárbara]] # [[Santa Rita, Santa Bárbara|Santa Rita]] # [[San Vicente Centenario]] # [[Trinidad, Santa Bárbara|Trinidad]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Honduras}} {{coord|14|55|N|88|14|W|region:HN_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Santa Barbara Depairtment}} [[Category:Santa Bárbara Depairtment (Honduras)| ]] [[Category:Depairtments o Honduras]] akz0o3xv2rmvp5ok2cybjeduxv03mly 0 82817 914729 783849 2026-04-03T04:36:38Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Sipí |native_name = |nickname = |motto = |settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Colombie|Municipality]] an toun |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Colombia - Chocó - Sipí.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location o the municipality an toun o Sipí in the Chocó Depairtment o Colombie. |pushpin_map = |pushpin_mapsize =300 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Colombie |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Colombie}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Depairtments o Colombie|Depairtment]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Chocó]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |coordinates = |timezone = Colombie Staundart Time |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Sipí''' is a municipality an toun in [[Chocó]], [[Colombie]]. A 1853 wattercolor bi [[Manuel María Paz]] showin a hoose in Sipí, biggit on a raised platform wi a notched treetrunk for steps, is held bi the [[Naitional Librar o Colombie]].<ref>{{Cite web | last = Paz | first = Manuel María | authorlink = Manuel María Paz Delgado | title = The Village of Sipí or San Agustín, Chocó Province | work = World Digital Library | accessdate = 2014-05-21 | url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9062 | archive-date = 2014-05-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140522110201/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9062/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{Municipalities choco depairtment}} {{coord|4|39|N|76|29|W|display=title|region:CO_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sipi}} [[Category:Municipalities o Chocó]] [[Category:Populatit places in Chocó]] 8jfkgmcn25per3bdirje8u4skbp7qmr 0 85049 914725 852242 2026-04-03T03:31:47Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|the toun in Italy|Sëlva}} {{Other uses}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Selva | native_name = | native_name_lang = ca | settlement_type = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Localització de la Selva.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province o Girona|Girona]] an [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]] | seat_type = [[Caipital ceety|Caipital]] | seat = [[Santa Coloma de Farners]] | parts_type = Municipalities | parts_style = list | p1 = [[Amer, Girona|Amer]], [[Anglès, Girona|Anglès]], [[Arbúcies]], [[Blanes]], [[Breda, Girona|Breda]], [[Brunyola]], [[Caldes de Malavella]], [[La Cellera de Ter]], [[Fogars de la Selva]], [[Hostalric]], [[Lloret de Mar]], [[Massanes, Catalonie|Massanes]], [[Maçanet de la Selva]], [[Osor, Girona|Osor]], [[Riells i Viabrea]], [[Riudarenes]], [[Riudellots de la Selva]], [[Sant Feliu de Buixalleu]], [[Sant Hilari Sacalm]], [[Sant Julià del Llor i Bonmatí]], [[Santa Coloma de Farners]], [[Sils, Girona|Sils]], [[Susqueda]], [[Tossa de Mar]], [[Vidreres]], [[Vilobí d'Onyar]] | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 995.5 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 117393 | population_as_of = 2001 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = selvatà (''m.'')<br/>selvatana (''f.'') | population_note = | blank_name_sec1 = [[Leet o municipalities o Spain|Lairgest municipality]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[Blanes]] | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = [[Leet o postal codes in Spain|Postal code]] | postal_code = | area_code_type = [[Telephone nummers in Spain|Dialin code]] | area_code = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Selva''' is a coastal [[Comarques o Catalonie|comarca]] (coonty) in [[Catalonie]], [[Spain]], locatit atween the muntain range kent as the [[Serralada Transversal]] or [[Puigsacalm]] an the [[Costa Brava]] (pairt o the [[Mediterranean]] coast). Unuisually, it is dividit atween the provinces o [[Province o Girona|Girona]] an [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]], wi [[Fogars de la Selva]] bein pairt o Barcelona province, an aw ither municipalities fawin inside Girona province. An aw unusually, its caipital, [[Santa Coloma de Farners]], is nae langer amang its lairger municipalities, wi the coastal touns o [[Blanes]] an [[Lloret de Mar]] haein far surpassed it in size. Selva borders the comarques o [[Maresme]], [[Vallès Oriental]], [[Osona]], [[Garrotxa]], [[Gironès]], an [[Baix Empordà]]. == Municipalities == Some populations are {{As of|2001|lc=on}}. *[[Amer, Girona|Amer]] - pop. 2,182 *[[Anglès, Girona|Anglès]] - pop. 5,446 *[[Arbúcies]] - pop. 5126 *[[Blanes]] - pop. 30,693 *[[Breda, Girona|Breda]] - pop. 3,381 *[[Brunyola]] - pop. 357 *[[Caldes de Malavella]] - pop. 4,225 *[[La Cellera de Ter]] - pop. 1,987 *[[Fogars de la Selva]] - pop. 806 *[[Hostalric]] - pop. 2,912 *[[Lloret de Mar]] - pop. 34,997 (as o 2007) *[[Massanes, Catalonie|Massanes]] - pop. 565 *[[Maçanet de la Selva]] - pop. 4,010 *[[Osor, Girona|Osor]] - pop. 206 *[[Riells i Viabrea]] - pop. 2,264 *[[Riudarenes]] - pop. 1,281 *[[Riudellots de la Selva]] - pop. 1,584 *[[Sant Feliu de Buixalleu]] - pop. 702 *[[Sant Hilari Sacalm]] - pop. 5,036 *[[Sant Julià del Llor i Bonmatí]] - pop. 989 *[[Santa Coloma de Farners]] - pop. 9,169 *[[Sils, Girona|Sils]] - pop. 3,248 *[[Susqueda]] - pop. 98 *[[Tossa de Mar]] - pop. 4,366 *[[Vidreres]] - pop. 4,978 *[[Vilobí d'Onyar]] - pop. 2,250 ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category|Costa Brava}} *[http://www.laselvaturisme.com/en Offeecial tourism wabsteid] *[http://www.selva.cat/ Offeecial comarcal wab steid (in Catalan)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912171607/http://www.selva.cat/ |date=2009-09-12 }} *[http://www.idescat.es/servlet/BasicTerr?TC=3&V0=2&V1=34&PDF=FALSE&VOK=Confirmar IDESCAT: statistical information aboot Selva (in Catalan)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060825013705/http://www.idescat.es/servlet/BasicTerr?TC=3&V0=2&V1=34&PDF=FALSE&VOK=Confirmar |date=2006-08-25 }} {{Comarques o Catalonie}} [[Category:Selva| ]] 77czrxmvgey1xvuwplqbwskemorh3po 0 138385 914720 878516 2026-04-03T02:07:04Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = San Salvador | native_name = | native_name_lang = es<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = [[List of cities in Argentina|City]] |image_flag = |flag_size = 150px |image_seal = |seal_size = 100px | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = Capital Nacional del Arroz | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Argentina | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location o San Salvador in Argentinae | coordinates = {{coord|31|37|S|58|30|W|region:AR_type:city|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Argentinae}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces o Argentinae|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Entre Ríos Province|Entre Ríos]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Depairtments o Argentinae|Depairtment]] | subdivision_name2 = [[San Salvador Depairtment, Entre Ríos|San Salvador]] | established_title = | established_date = 25 de diciembre de 1889 | founder = Miguel Pedro A. Malarín | government_footnotes = | leader_party = PJ | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Lucas Larrarte | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 6.22 | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 13228 | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Time in Argentinae|ART]] | utc_offset1 = -3 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = [[Argentine postal code|CPA base]] | postal_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AR|E]]3218 | area_code_type = [[Telephone nummerin in Argentinae|Dialin code]] | area_code = +54 345 | website = [http://sansalvadorer.gov.ar Offeecial Steid (spaingie)] | footnotes = }} '''San Salvador''' is a ceety in the [[provinces o Argentinae|province]] o [[Entre Ríos Province|Entre Ríos]], Argentinae. It haes 13,228 indwallers per the {{census-ar|2010}}, an is the heid toun o the [[San Salvador Depairtment, Entre Ríos|San Salvador Depairtment]]. It is locatit on the center-east o the province, bi [[:en:National Route 18 (Argentina)|Naitional Route 18]], aboot 48&nbsp;km wast o the [[Uruguay River]] an 205&nbsp;km east frae the provincial caipital [[Paraná, Entre Ríos|Paraná]]. The ceety is kent as the 'Naitional Caipital o Rice'. ==History== The toun wis foondit on 25 Dizember 1889 bi the lawyer Miguel Malarín. The focal pynt o the dounset wis the Malarín faimily hame, cried Villa Aurora, efter the mither o the foonder, Aurora Saint-Sauveur. The name o the toun wis a homage tae her an aw, as ''San Salvador'' is the Spaingie leeteral translation o the French surname ''Saint-Sauveur''. Colonists brocht agricultur tae the aurie (wheat, linseed, corn, sunflouer, an later sorghum). Rice crops wur plantit first in 1932 an became popular, spreadin tae the whole province. ==Economy== The San Salvador Depairtment haes rice as its tradeetional crop, an the ceety o San Salvador is nou kent as the Naitional Caipital o Rice. The aurie hosts industries an aw producin larrie chassis, agricultural machines, aluminium wirks, pumps, an rice mills. ==Tourism== ===Naitional Museum o Rice Industry=== The Museum displays the entire history o rice industry in [[Argentinae]]. Is ane o the three museums dedicatit tae the [[rice]] in the warld. <gallery> | Santa Terista's Roman Catholic Kirk |National Museum o Rice Industry | Plaza 25 de Mayo (May 25 Square) </gallery> ==References== {{commons}} * {{ar-mi-muni|ERI048}} * [http://www.sansalvadorer.gov.ar/ Offeecial wabsteid]. * [http://www.sansalvadorer.com.ar/ Unoffeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019223830/http://www.sansalvadorer.com.ar/ |date=2006-10-19 }}. * [http://www.turismoentrerios.com/sansalvador/index.htm San Salvador] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210205409/http://www.turismoentrerios.com/sansalvador/index.htm |date=2014-12-10 }} at TurismoEntreRios.com. * [http://www.entreriostotal.com.ar/sansalvador/ San Salvador] at EntreRiosTotal.com. {{DEFAULTSORT:San Salvador, Entre Rios}} [[Category:Populatit places in Entre Ríos Province]] rh43madjth6743bkhrruufcuklnkxzv 0 166477 914723 847358 2026-04-03T03:12:33Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Christian denomination |show_name = Scots Episcopal Kirk |image = [[File:Scottish Episcopal Church logo.gif]] |caption = Logo o the Scots Episcopal Kirk |leader_title = Primate |leader_name = [[David Chillingworth]],<br /> [[Bishop o St Andrews, Dunkeld an Dunblane]],<br /> as the ''[[Primus o the Scots Episcopal Kirk]]'' |parent = [[kirk o Scotland]] |merger = |separations = |associations = [[Warld Cooncil o Kirks]],<br />[[Anglican Communion]],<br />[[Porvoo Communion]],<br />[[Action o Kirks Thegither in Scotland]] |main_classification = [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] |orientation = [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] |polity = [[Episcopal polity|Episcopal]] |founded_date = 1711 |founded_place = |headquarters = General Synod o the Scots Episcopal Kirk,<br />21 Grosvenor Crescent,<br />[[Edinburgh]] ([[Scotland]]) <br />EH12 5EE |territory = [[Scotland]] |members = 28,647 registered (2018),<ref>{{cite web|title=36th Annual Report|url=https://www.scotland.anglican.org/wp-content/uploads/36th-Annual-Report-Final-2.pdf|website=The Scottish Episcopal Church|accessdate=9 January 2020|archive-date=2019-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012125038/https://www.scotland.anglican.org/wp-content/uploads/36th-Annual-Report-Final-2.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> 90,000 adherents in province<ref>http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2A_Religion_detailed_Scotland.pdf</ref> |active_clergy = 370<ref name="cofe"/> |congregations = 350<ref name="cofe"/> |website = [http://www.scotland.anglican.org/ scotland.anglican.org] |footnotes = }} The '''Scots Episcopal Kirk''' ({{lang-en|Scottish Episcopal Church}}; {{lang-gd|Eaglais Easbaigeach na h-Alba}}) is a [[Christian]] kirk in [[Scotland]], conseestin o seiven [[dioceses]]. Syne the 18t century, it his held an identity distinct frae the ([[Presbyterian]]) [[Kirk o Scotland]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}} [[Category:Releegious organisations established in 1712]] [[Category:Scots Episcopal Kirk| ]] [[Category:Anglican Communion kirk bouks]] [[Category:Christianity in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Christianity in Scotland]] [[Category:Releegious organisations based in Scotland]] [[Category:Anglo-Catholicism]] [[Category:Members o the Warld Cooncil o Kirks]] [[Category:Anglican organisations established in the 18t century]] [[Category:Protestant denominations established in the 18t century]] [[Category:1712 establishments in Scotland]] [[Category:Ecclesiastical provinces o the Anglican Communion in Europe]] kz6qx8f2aeq4gz1pj4kdqi3ghcx7i8g 0 180175 914711 907229 2026-04-03T00:43:45Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914711 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Tyne at Preston Mill.jpg|thumb|right|350px|The Tyne at Preston Mill]] The '''River Tyne''' is a [[river]] in [[Scotland]], its soorce is amang the Muirfuit Hills.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-29|title=River Tyne|url=https://forthriverstrust.org/rivers-wildlife/explore/river-tyne/|access-date=2024-01-23|website=Forth Rivers Trust|language=en-GB}}</ref> It rins fir aboot 30mile (50 kilometer) nor'east intae the sea at Belhaven, nearby [[Dunbar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=River Tyne - Haddington to the Sea {{!}} Southern Uplands {{!}} Scotland {{!}} Rivers - The UK Rivers Guidebook|url=https://www.ukriversguidebook.co.uk/rivers/scotland/southern-uplands/river-tyne-haddington-to-the-sea|access-date=2024-01-23|website=www.ukriversguidebook.co.uk|archive-date=2024-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123191909/https://www.ukriversguidebook.co.uk/rivers/scotland/southern-uplands/river-tyne-haddington-to-the-sea|url-status=dead}}</ref> It flows throu or nearby tae touns sic as * Easter Pencaitland * [[Haidintoun]] * East Linton<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tyne at East Linton: River level and flood alerts|url=https://riverlevels.uk/tyne-east-linton|access-date=2024-01-23|website=riverlevels.uk}}</ref> An it passes historical sites at * Saltoun Hall * St. Mary's Church, Haidintoun * Hailes Castle * Phantassie Doocot * Prestonkirk Parish Church * Preston Mill * Tyninghame House It is a weel-kent trout river, wi fishin managed bi the [[East Lowden]] Angling Association. <ref>{{Cite web|title=River Tyne Sea Trout Fishing Scotland|url=https://www.trout-salmon-fishing.com/scotland-river-tyne.htm|access-date=2024-01-23|website=www.trout-salmon-fishing.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=East Lothian Angling Association|url=https://www.fishforth.org/rivers/river-tyne/east-lothian-angling-association/|access-date=2024-01-23|website=Fishing Around the Forth|language=en-GB}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {{coord|56.00486|N|2.60178|W|type:river_region:GB|display=title}} [[Category:Midlowden|Tyne]] [[Category:East Lowden|Tyne]] [[Category:Rivers]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{Stub/Scotland}} 1t2uymfd9g8ywhpz4eqmvyj64c78e9o 0 185029 914707 622998 2026-04-02T19:38:04Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{Taxobox | image = Parnassia palustris - Niitvälja bog.jpg | image_width = | image_caption = | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] | unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] | ordo = [[Celastrales]] | familia = [[Celastraceae]] | genus = ''[[Parnassia]]'' | species = '''''P. palustris''''' | binomial = ''Parnassia palustris'' | binomial_authority =[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] | range_map = Parnassia palustris distribution maps.svg }} '''''Parnassia palustris''''', whiles cried '''white buttercup''' or '''white kaitrins''', is a [[species]] o the [[genus]] ''[[Parnassia]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PAPA8|title=Plants Profile — ''Parnassia palustris'' L., marsh grass of Parnassus|publisher=U.S. Department of Agriculture — Natural Resources Conservation Service|accessdate=3 February 2010|archive-date=2011-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605170517/http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PAPA8|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Celastraceae]] [[Category:Flora o Canadae]] [[Category:Flora o the Wastren Unitit States]] [[Category:Flora o Wastren Canadae]] [[Category:Flora o Alaska]] [[Category:Flora o Californie]] [[Category:Flora o Colorado]] [[Category:Flora o the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)]] [[Category:Flora o the Rocky Moontains]] [[Category:Flora o Ingland]] [[Category:Flora o Scotland]] [[Category:Plants descrived in 1753]] 51rlgpild9nqsm7dx8r2z1ylijc0gr0 0 185422 914718 769835 2026-04-03T01:53:08Z Cobra 3000 28371 Pit in stub tag 914718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{IUCN|id=22693052 |title=''Scolopax rusticola'' |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref> | image = Woodcock earthworm.jpg | taxon = Scolopax rusticola | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]] }} [[File:Scolopax rusticola rusticola MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.116.8.jpg|thumb| ''Scolopax rusticola rusticola'']] The '''muff cock''' or '''muckle snippock''' (''Scolopax rusticola'') is a medium-smaw wadin bird foond in temperate an subarctic [[Eurasie]]. ==References== {{Reflist}}{{Stub/Bird}}{{taxonbar}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Scolopax]] [[Category:Birds o Eurasie]] [[Category:Wadin birds]] [[Category:Birds descrived in 1758]] 0x82hk52q20x4d2vd5s253zmooc6u6c 0 185740 914746 911907 2026-04-03T11:02:43Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox curler | name = Vicki Chalmers | image = Vicki Adams curling.JPG | image_size = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|11|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]] | university = [[Varsity o the Wast o Scotland]] | Curling club = [[Portpatrick Curling Club|Portpatrick CC]], <br> [[Portpaitrick]], [[Scotland|SCO]] | Skip = [[Eve Muirhead]] | Third = [[Anna Sloan]] | Second = '''Vicki Adams''' | Lead = [[Lauren Gray]] | Alternate = [[Kelly Schafer]] | World Championship appearances = 6 (2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017) | European Championship appearances = 7 (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017) | Olympic appearances = | Grand Slam victories = 6: [[Players' Championships]] ([[2013 Players' Championship|2013]], [[2015 Players' Championship|2015]], [[2016 Players' Championship|2016]]), [[Curlers Corner Autumn Gold Curling Classic|Autumn Gold]] (2013), [[Colonial Square Ladies Classic|Colonial Square]] (2014), [[Canadian Open of Curling|Canadian Open]] (2014) | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|[[Curling]]}} {{MedalCountry | {{GBR2}} }} {{MedalOlympic}} {{MedalBronze | [[2014 Winter Olympics|2014 Sochi]] | }} {{MedalCompetition | [[Winter Universiade]] | }} {{MedalGold | [[2011 Winter Universiade|2011 Erzurum]] | }} {{MedalCountry | {{SCO}} }} {{MedalCompetition | [[Warld Curlin Championships|Warld Championships]]}} {{MedalGold | [[2013 Warld Women's Curlin Championship|2013 Riga]] | }} {{MedalBronze | [[2017 Warld Weemen's Curlin Championship|2017 Beijing]] | }} {{MedalCompetition|[[European Curlin Championships]] | }} {{MedalGold | [[2011 European Curlin Championships|2011 Moscow]] | }} {{MedalGold | [[2017 European Curlin Championships|2017 St Gallen]] | }} {{MedalSilver | [[2012 European Curlin Championships|2012 Karlstad]] | }} {{MedalSilver | [[2013 European Curlin Championships|2013 Stavanger]] | }} {{MedalSilver | [[2015 European Curlin Championships|2015 Esbjerg]] | }} {{MedalBronze | [[2014 European Curlin Championships|2014 Champéry]] | }} {{MedalBronze| [[2016 European Curlin Championships|2016 Braehead]] |}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Warld Junior Curlin Championships]] }} {{MedalGold| [[2008 Warld Junior Curlin Championships|2008 Östersund]] | }} {{MedalGold| [[2009 Warld Junior Curlin Championships|2009 Vancouver]] | }} {{MedalGold| [[2011 Warld Junior Curlin Championships|2011 Perth]] | }} }} '''Victoria "Vicki" Chalmers'''<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.curlingworldcup.com/events/first-leg-suzhou-china?p=teams | title=First Leg - Suzhou, China &#124; Events | access-date=2020-09-24 | archive-date=2018-09-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909221907/https://www.curlingworldcup.com/events/first-leg-suzhou-china?p=teams | url-status=dead }}</ref> (née '''Adams''') (born 16 November 1989) is a Scottish [[curlin|curler]] wha wis the seicont for [[Eve Muirhead]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Muirhead Wins Second Career Players' Championship - Scottish Curling |url=https://www.scottishcurling.org/muirhead-wins-second-career-players-championship/ |website=www.scottishcurling.org }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Chalmers wis born in [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]] but nou bides in [[Stranrawer]] an [[Stirlin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.teamgb.com/news\muirhead-and-smith-to-skipper-team-gb-s-curling-rinks-at-pyeongchang-2018 |work=Tean GB |title=Muirhead and Smith to skipper Team GB's curling rinks at Pyeongchang 2018 |date=22 June 2017 |accessdate=24 February 2018}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chalmers, Vicki}} [[Category:1989 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Scots female curlers]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Stirlin]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Edinburgh]] [[Category:Stranrawer]] [[Category:Warld curlin champions]] [[Category:Curlers at the 2014 Winter Olympics]] [[Category:Curlers at the 2018 Winter Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic curlers o Great Breetain]] [[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for Great Breetain]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in curlin]] [[Category:Medallists at the 2014 Winter Olympics]] [[Category:European curlin champions]] [[Category:Universiade medallists in curlin]] {{Stub/Scotland}} {{Stub/Sport}} tjcn9i3ynoj2nad9mnb5rsrkjgymr7z 0 188058 914726 856714 2026-04-03T03:52:23Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914726 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SungaLoveScene.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A luve scene sculptur frae the [[Sunga]] period (ca. 1st century BCE).]] A '''sex poseetion''' is a poseetion o the bouk that an individual or couple fowk mey uise for [[sexual intercoorse]] or ither [[Human sexual activity|sexual activities]]. ==Gallery== <gallery> File:Wiki-missionary.png|Missionary position File:Wiki-dstyle.png|Doggy style File:Wiki-sitting-sp.png|Sittin position File:Wiki-standing.png|Standin position File:Wiki-spoons-sp.png|Spoonin position File:Wiki-Wiener-auster.png File:Wiki-tribadism.png|Tribadism File:Wiki-cowgirl.png|Cowgirl position File:Wiki-sixtynine.png|The 69 position File:Wiki-T-square.png|T-square </gallery> ==Further readin== * Comfort, Alex; Quilliam, Susan (2008). The Joy of Sex. London: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 1-84533-429-9. * Gillian, Max, The Illustrated Guide to Extended Massive Orgasm. Hunter House. 1st ed., 2002. ISBN 0-89793-362-1, 235 pages. * Hooper, Anne J., Sexopedia. DK Publishing. 1st American ed., 2002. ISBN 0-7894-8958-9, 272 pages. * Kemper, Alfred M., Love Couches Design Criteria. Los Angeles 1972. * McMeel, Andrews and Lisa Sussman, Sex Positions. Carlton Publishing Group. 2002. ISBN 1-84222-266-X, 96 pages. * Nerve.com, Position of the Day Playbook, Sex Every Day in Every Way. Chronicle Books. 2005. ISBN 0-8118-4701-2, 376 pages. == External links == {{Commons category|Sex positions}} * [http://www.sensualinteractive.com/si/list_of_sexual_positions.php Sensualinteractive.com presents - A list of sexual positions] * [http://www.sexinfo101.com/sexualpositions.shtml sexinfo101.com - All sex positions]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Category:Sex poseetions| ]] [[Category:Sexual acts|*]] qecer8hw32j5vkbut8x76ugwa1urtru 0 204826 914695 914359 2026-04-02T14:33:25Z Makenzis 43742 914695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = FK Panevėžys | image = | fullname = VšĮ FK Panevėžys | nickname = (''panevėžiokai'') | founded = 2015 | ground = [[Aukštaitija Stadion]]<br/>[[Panevėžys]] | capacity = 4,000 | chairman = Bronius Vaitiekūnas | chrtitle = Chairman | manager = Toni Korkeakunnas | mgrtitle = Head coach | league = [[TOPLYGA]]<ref>[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]</ref> | season = 2025 | position = A lyga, 6:t | website = http://www.fk-panevezys.lt/ | current = 2026 A lyga saison | pattern_la1= | pattern_b1= | pattern_ra1= | pattern_sh1= | pattern_so1=_kalmar16h | leftarm1=FF0000 | body1=FF0000 | rightarm1=FF0000 | shorts1=FF0000 | socks1=FF0000 | pattern_la2= | pattern_b2= | pattern_ra2= | pattern_sh2=_tenerife1718h | pattern_so2= | leftarm2=1B1BF6 | body2=1B1BF6 | rightarm2=1B1BF6 | shorts2=1B1BF6 | socks2=1B1BF6 }} [[File:Aukstaitijos stadionas Is Panevezio boksto.JPG|thumb|right|300px|[[Aukštaitija Stadium]] in [[Panevėžys]].]] '''Futbolo klubas Panevėžys''' ({{IPA-lt| [pɐn̪ʲɛvʲeːˈʒʲiːs̪] |pron}}; '''Panevėžys''' for short) is a lithuanien professional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club frae [[Panevėžys]] that plays in the [[TOPLYGA]]. ==Honours== ===Domestic competeetions=== * '''[[A lyga]] (D1)''' ** '''Winners (1)''' : 2023 * '''Pirma lyga (D2)''' ** '''Winners (1)''' : 2018 * '''LFF taurė''' ** '''Winners (2)''' : 2020.<ref>https://www.sportas.lt/naujiena/422547/po-intriguojancios-baudiniu-serijos-hegelmann-lff-taure-keliauja-i-panevezi</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lff.lt/news/11534/nepakartojama-drama-hegelmann-lff-taures-finale-ir-istorinis-panevezio-triumfas/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-10-25 |archive-date=2020-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027131533/https://lff.lt/news/11534/nepakartojama-drama-hegelmann-lff-taures-finale-ir-istorinis-panevezio-triumfas/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2025 * '''Supertaurė''' ** '''Winners (2)''' : 2021, 2024. == Saison == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Saison !Div. !Liga !Plass !Web |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''8.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''10.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2021''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2022''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#DEB678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2023''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFDD00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2024''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''8.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2025''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} == References == {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/panevezys Offeecial wabsteid: TOPLYGA] {{lt icon}} * [http://fk-panevezys.lt/ Offeecial wabsteid: fk-panevezys.lt] * [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/lithuania/fk-panevezys/33092/ FK Panevėžys: Soccerway] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fk-panevezys/25064/ Globalsportsarchive] {{DEFAULTSORT:Panevėžys FK}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Lithauanie]] 3pe222wbg1j0ba6j5r2ya0dtn045wnb 0 212667 914694 866589 2026-04-02T14:13:01Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} '''Marcelline Akinocho''' ({{Birth date based on age at death|77|2017|08|20}} – 20 August 2017), kent bi her alias '''Détin bonsoir''', wis a [[Benin]]ese [[actress]] frae [[Porto-Novo]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Marcelline Aboh est passée derrière les rideaux - 24 Heures au Bénin |url=https://www.24haubenin.info/?Marcelline-Aboh-est-passee-derriere-les-rideaux |work=24 Heures au Bénin |date=21 August 2017 |language=fr |access-date=2019-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114112225/https://www.24haubenin.info/?Marcelline-Aboh-est-passee-derriere-les-rideaux |url-status=dead }}</ref> She died o a {{ill|heart attack|WD=Q12152}} efter pynin halth problems aucht tae her eild.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Meisegon |first1=Carin |title=Deuil au Bénin: Marcelline Aboh quitte la scène |url=https://www.lespharaons.com/deuil-au-benin-marcelline-aboh-quitte-la-scene/ |accessdate=28 November 2019 |work=Les Pharaons |date=21 August 2017 |language=fr |archive-date=2019-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019052837/https://www.lespharaons.com/deuil-au-benin-marcelline-aboh-quitte-la-scene/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She wis the main comedian o the weemen-fowk comedy group '''''Les échos de la capitale''''' that haed nae performit i mony years.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Boton |first1=Sam |title=Bénin: La comédienne béninoise Marcelline Aboh s’est éteinte |url=https://lanouvelletribune.info/2017/08/benin-comedienne-beninoise-marcelline-aboh-sest-eteinte/ |accessdate=28 November 2019 |work=La Nouvelle Tribune |date=22 August 2017 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Herbert |first1=Ian |last2=Leclercq |first2=Nicole |title=World of Theatre 2003 Edition: An Account of the World's Theatre Seasons 1999-2000, 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-40212-0 |page=41 |url=https://books.google.com/books/?id=pWqCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA41 |accessdate=28 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref> She erest jyned them i 1980 efter beginnin her theatre career i 1958.<ref name="JournalAdjinakou-1">{{cite news |last1=da Silva |first1=Cédric |title=Bénin/culture: Marcelline Aboh conduite dans sa dernière demeure |url=https://www.journal-adjinakou-benin.net/actualites/beninculture-marcelline-aboh-conduite-dans-sa-derniere-demeure/ |accessdate=28 November 2019 |work=Journal Adjinakou Benin |date=24 September 2017 |language=fr-FR }}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The filmmaker an actress haed aicht bairns.<ref name="JournalAdjinakou-1" /> == Soorces == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akinocho, Marcelline}} [[Category:African fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Porto-Novo]] [[Category:Film actresses]] [[Category:20t-century actresses]] [[Category:Comedians]] 7hhv411d7l3jndeh6dq06mzo6l0s91d 0 213469 914732 804361 2026-04-03T05:39:20Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} [[File:Liège_-_Eglise_Saint-Jacques.JPG|thumb|300x300px]] '''St James's Kirk''' (Flemish - {{Lang|nl|Sint-Jacobskerk}}; French - {{Lang|fr|Eglise Saint-Jacques}}) is a kirk dedicatit tae James the Less i the Belgian ceity o [[Liège]], foonded i 1015 bi bishop Baldrick II as the kirk faer a abbey o the [[Order o Saunt Benedict]]. On the demolition o St Peter's Kirk, it becam ane o the seiven collegiate kirks i the ceity. Its chapter wis abolished i 1801 an the kirk converted intae a parish kirk. <br /> == Soorces == {{refbegin}} * {{cite web |title=Liège: attractions in the Island Quarter and Upper Town |url=https://www.eupedia.com/belgium/liege_island.shtml |work=Eupedia |access-date=20 December 2019 |language=en}} * {{cite web |title=Sint-Jacobskerk |url=https://www.steden.net/belgie/luik/sint-jacobskerk/ |work=Steden informatie |access-date=20 December 2019 |language=nl-NL }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite web |title=Eglise Saint-Jacques |url=https://www.visitezliege.be/en/eglise-saint-jacques |work=Visitez Liège |access-date=20 December 2019 |language=en}} {{refend}} [[Category:1015 establishments]] [[Category:Liège]] [[Category:Kirks in Belgium]] [[Category:1010s establishments in Europe]] [[Category:11t-century establishments in Belgium]] 0qwfc0eebj3ho4jr5l1dlrlekhqi7ot 0 216127 914699 801187 2026-04-02T16:05:25Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UK place |country = Scotland |official_name= Minnigaff |gaelic_name= |unitary_scotland=[[Dumfries an Gallowa]] |population= |os_grid_reference= |coordinates = {{coord|54.966958|-4.483167|display=inline,title}} |constituency_westminster= [[Dumfries and Galloway (UK Parliament constituency)|Dumfries and Galloway]] |constituency_scottish_parliament=[[Galloway and Upper Nithsdale (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Galloway and Upper Nithsdale]] |postcode_district = DG8 |postcode_area= DG |dial_code= 01671 }} [[File:Garlies Castle, Minnigaff (2).jpg|thumb|Garlies Castle, Minnigaff]] [[File:"aa Kirkcudbrightshire, Civil Parish map".jpg|thumb|Kirkcoubrieshire, cevil pairish map]] '''Minnigaff''' is a veelage an ceevil pairish in the historical coonty o [[Kirkcoubrieshire]] in [[Dumfries an Gallowa]], [[Scotland]]. [[Leid (mineral)|Leid]] wis diskivert there in 1763 and wis mine't aboot twa mile fae the veelage until 1839.<ref>[http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/sct/KKD/Minnigaff/ Minnigaff history in the UK & Ireland Genealogy Website, accessed 13 August 2015]</ref> ==Etymology== The name ''Minnigaff'' or ''Minigaff'' is o [[Breetonic]] oreegin.<ref name="bliton">{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Alan |title=A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence |url=https://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary_2019_Edition.pdf |website=SPNS - The Brittonic Language in the Old North |accessdate=13 October 2019 |archive-date=2019-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307061257/https://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary_2019_Edition.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The generic element is ''mönïδ'', meann "a kenspeckle hill', while the speceefic is ''goβ'', meanin "a blacksmith". (c.f. [[Welsh leid|Welsh]] ''mynydd-gof'').<ref name="bliton" /> ==Namely fowk== Minnigaff is the birthplace o Sir [[James Mirrlees]] (1936-2018), winner o the 1996 [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]]. ==Leetit biggins in Minnigaff== * Minnigaff, Millcroft Road, 1 And 2 Reid Terrace * Monigaff Parish Church Graveyard, Heron Monument * Murray's Monument * Queen Mary's Bridge * Strathmaddie, Farmhouse * Minnigaff, 9 Creebridge * Minnigaff, 4 Creebridge * Minnigaff, Millcroft Road, Minnigaff Mill * Craignine Bridge * Bargaly Bridge * Bargaly, Sundial * Bargrennan Church * Mains Of Machermore, Farmhouse And Steading * Minnigaff,Youth Hostel (Former School) And Boundary Walls * Minnigaff, Old Minnigaff, War Memorial * Minnoch Bridge * Minnigaff, 7 Creebridge * Minnigaff, Creebridge, Creebridge House Hotel * Minnigaff, Creebridge, Ivy Bank And Railings * Cairnsmore, Walled Garden * Bargaly, Sundial Dated 1828 * Bargaly, Walled Garden * Drannandow, Farmhouse * Kirkton House * Minnigaff, The Old Schoolhouse And Boundary Walls * Minnigaff, Old Edinburgh Road, Willowbank * Old Bridge Of Palnure * Palnure, Smiddy * Minnigaff, 10 Creebridge * Garlies Lodge And Motor House * Minnigaff, Old Minnigaff, Elmlea * Whitehills * Minnigaff, 3 Creebridge * Minnigaff, 8 Creebridge * Minnigaff, 12 Creebridge * Cairnsmore House * Craigdews * Cumloden, Glenmalloch Lodge * Cumloden Waulkmill * Glencaird * Kirroughtree House Hotel * Machermore Castle * Minnigaff, Millcroft Road, 4 Reid Terrace * Buchan Bridge * Cairnsmore Stables * Auchinleck Bridge * Bargaly House * Bargaly, Tomb Of Andrew Heron * Cumloden House * 1-6(Inc Nos) Kirroughtree Court, Former Kirroughtree Stables * Minnigaff, Millcroft Road, 6 Reid Terrac * Monigaff Parish Church, Graveyard And Graveyard Walls * Minnigaff, 2 Creebridge, Ye Olde Toll Bar * Minnigaff, Creebridge Dunbar House * Minnigaff, Creebridge Hollenlea * Cairnsmore, Open Barns * Cumloden, Garden Cottage And Walled Garden * Bargaly Lodge, Gatepiers And Railings * Cumloden Lodge And Gatepiers * Cumloden Stables, Archway And Sundial * Minnigaff, Millcroft Road, 5 Reid Terrace * Old Parish Church * Mattie White's Bridge * Minnigaff, 1 Creebridge * Minnigaff, 5 Creebridge, Craigdhu * Minnigaff, Creebridge, Riverstead * Minnigaff,Flowerbank With Quadrant And Boundary Walls And Gatepiers * Minnigaff, Millcroft Road, Mill Cottage * Auchinleck, House * Buchan * Garlies Castle * Glen Trool Lodge * Minnigaff, Old Minnigaff, Jacksholm And 1 Penkiln Terrace * Minnigaff, Old Minnigaff, Maple Cottage * Martyr's Tomb * Middle Bridge Of Cree * Minnigaff, 6 Creebridge * Minnigaff, Creebridge, Masonfield And Railings * Minnigaff, Millcroft Road, Lynbank * Bargrennan, The Schoolhouse * Kirroughtree, Doocot * Kirroughtree, Ice House * Galloway Hydroelectric Power Scheme, Clatteringshaws Dam ==References== {{Reflist}} {{commons category|Minnigaff} [[Category:Veelages in Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} 86ckpz97wlfe3cnvmf8yjraonr08nlo 0 216212 914733 911473 2026-04-03T05:44:41Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox UK place| |country = Scotland |official_name= Stoneykirk |scots_name= Staneykirk |population= 1,235 |population_ref= ''(2001)'' |os_grid_reference= NX0853 |map_type=Scotland |coordinates = {{coord|54.837|-4.977|display=inline,title}} |civil_parish= Staneykirk |unitary_scotland= [[Dumfries an Gallowaa]] |lieutenancy_scotland= [[Wigtounshire|Wigtoun]] |constituency_westminster= [[Dumfries and Galloway (UK Parliament constituency)|Dumfries and Galloway]] |constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Galloway and Upper Nithsdale (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Galloway and Upper Nithsdale]] |post_town= Stranraer |postcode_district = DG9 |postcode_area= DG |dial_code= 01776 }} '''Staneykirk''' ([[English leid|English]]: '''Stoneykirk''') is an aurie an a veelage in the hert o the [[Rhins o Gallowa]] in the historical coonty o [[Wigtounshire]] in [[Dumfries an Gallowa]], [[Scotland]]. It is awmaist 10 mile in lenth an 3.5 mile in breid, boondit on the east bi [[Luce Bay|Luice Bay]] an on the wast bi the [[Sheuch (Erse Sea)|Sheuch (North Chainel)]], it is 5 mile sooth o [[Stranrawer]]. The aurie is aboot 21,500 acre, o whit 19,000 acre is arable. 375 acre is wuidland an plantations, an the lave (o whit 1,100 acre micht be reclaimt) is muirland.<ref>A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland. Samuel Lewis</ref> Staneykirk haes a community cooncil.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dgcommunity.net/communitycouncil/default.aspx?id=74 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2012-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826044639/http://www.dgcommunity.net/communitycouncil/default.aspx?id=74 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Knockinaam Lodge, Port Spittal, Staneykirk, acause it is oot awa, wis the laction for a saicret meetin atween [[Winston Churchill]] an [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] durin [[Warld War II]] tae discuss the [[D-Day]] plans. The [[A716 road]] rins throu pairt o the veelage, and a local coach firm, McCulloch's Coaches, is sted in the veelage. James King 407 Service provides a bus link north tae [[Stranrawer]] an sooth tae [[Saundheid]] an [[Drummore]].<ref>[http://www.kingscoachhire.com/bus-services.htm Bus Services<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422234952/http://www.kingscoachhire.com/bus-services.htm |date=22 April 2008 }}</ref> Saundheid leuks oot ower Luice Bay that wis uised for laundin lime an coal. ==The Veelage== Stoneykirk veelage, locatit near [[RAF West Freugh]] developit aroond the kirk (noo disuised) an wis name't efter the kirk. The Veelage Haw is the heidquarters o the [[South Rhins Community Development Trust]]. The veelage schuil is situatit abuin the veelage. Staneykirk haes twa hottles - the 3-stern Torrs Warren Country House Hotel, and the oreeginal manse built in 1790 wi a restaurant an baur. ==Staneykirk kirk== [[File:Stoneykirkchurch.jpg|thumb|Staneykirk kirk]] The first kirk, Saunt Steen's Kirk, (o Steeniekirk, Stephenskirk, Toskarton, Achawan, or Clayshant, amang ither variations) wis dedicatit tae Saunt Stephen/Steen in is thocht tae hae been built atween the 12t and 14t centuries, likely unner the patronage o the McCulloch faimily o [[Ardwell]], Toskarton Pairish, o [[Clan McCulloch]].<ref>Caledonia. vol.III, by George Chalmers. p.439 https://archive.org/stream/caledoniaoraccou03chal#page/438/mode/2up</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/domesday/dblock/GB-208000-552000/page/1 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2015-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925061003/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/domesday/dblock/GB-208000-552000/page/1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Toskarton and Clayshant auncient pairishes wis unitit tae Staneykirk in 1618. In 1827 the auld [[Middle Ages|medieval]] pairish kirk wis rebiggit. Staneykirk [[Free Kirk o Scotland (1843–1900)|Free Kirk]] biggin wis biggit in 1844 an it passt successive til the [[Unitit Free Kirk o Scotland]] and the [[Kirk o Scotland]], an it unitit wi Ardwell-Saundheid as Staneykirk in 1974. ==Kirkmadrine kirk== Kirkmadrine wis dedicatit tae St Medran, an early [[Bishop o Ossory]] o [[Ireland]]. The war three chaipels o ease in the pairish: St Brioch's at [[Kirkmabreck]], St Donan's at [[Kildonan]], an St Lashrean's at [[Killaser]].<ref>Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae. New Edition. Vol.II. pp.352-355 https://archive.org/stream/fastiecclesiu02scotuoft#page/n363/mode/2up</ref> The biggin is no langer uised as a kirk. The Monogram Stanes o Kirkmadrine date fae aboot 450, that makes thaim the earliest inscrieved Christian heid-stanes in Scotland ootby o [[Whithorn]]. The auldest is a staunder stane datin fae the 5t century. Aw the stanes wis fund in the immediate aurie, suggestin that it was an early Christian seemetry,<ref>http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=10373</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritageandhistory.com/contents1a/2010/09/kirkmadrine-stones/?doing_wp_cron=1350865257.0776569843292236328125 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2023-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115075332/https://www.heritageandhistory.com/contents1a/2010/09/kirkmadrine-stones/?doing_wp_cron=1350865257.0776569843292236328125 |url-status=dead }}</ref> like [[Clachanmore]].<ref>Timothy Pont's map in Blaeu's Atlas. http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/view/?id=95#id=95&zoom=5&lat=1930&lon=3949&layers=BT {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129125235/https://maps.nls.uk/view/00000411#id=95&zoom=5&lat=1930&lon=3949&layers=BT |date=2021-11-29 }}</ref> ==History== A cornerstane o McDowell's [[Garthland Castle]] (tour hoose) buir the date 1211, an on anither ane taewart the east, 1274.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Canmore |num=60553 |desc= |access-date=22 October 2012}}</ref> In 1295 Sir Dougal MacDougall (McDowell) haed a Chairter fae his third cuisin,[[John Balliol|Keeng John Balliol]], Laird o Gallowa, confirmin the Barony o Garochloyne wi Lougan an Elrig in the Rhins o Gallowa. Janet McDowell (McDowall), dochter o Uchtred McDowell o Garthland, mairit Ninian Adair, son o William Adair o [[Dunskey Castle]] an o Kilhilt that wis kilt at the [[Battle o Flodden]]. Utrecht McDowell, that wis kilt at Flodden an aw, appeart tae awn the aurie o [[Stranrawer]], an Ninian an Janet McDowell built the Castle o St John. Stranrawer, likely on her faither's laund. On 27 Februar 1547, in the beuk "''Inquisitiones Speciales''", unnerr "Wigton", Uthredus M'Douell wis heir tae his faither Joannis M'Douell de Garthland that wis kilt at the [[Battle o Pinkie Cleugh]] (qui obit apud Pinkiecleuch), o 24 merkland o Garthland, Pairish Staneykirk, an 14 merkland o Lochans (adjynin Garthland) in Pairish o Inche. On Ainslie's 1782 map, William McDowall Esp wis shawn at [[Garthland Castle]]. Killhilt, the auncient hame o the Adair faimily, is shawn an aw on the 1782 map juist north o, and adjynin, McDowell's Garthland Castle.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> In Wigtounshire, the name McCulloch o [[Clan McCulloch]] appears on gey early missives. i.e. The Register o The Great Seal o Scotland, Vol I, appendix II, p.&nbsp;531, nos. 321, 322, Kirkmadrine Tuskercon/Tuskerton/Toskertoun/Toskertoune. About 1317 King [[Robert the Bruce|Robert I]] o Scotland knichtit Caiptan Cullo og Neil (O'Neil) an chose him tae be his staundart-beirer an Secretar o State. King Robert grantit an aw tae Sir Cullo og Neil launds an Achawan or Auchwane in Wigtounshire (kent an an aw as Kirkmaderen, ref. RMS vol VIII, p.&nbsp;87, #255, Toskartoun/Toscartoun/Staneykirk/Stoneykirk)<ref>Kirkmadren, ref. RMS vol VIII, p.87, #255, Toskartoun, Toscartoun, and Staneykirk, Stoneykirk https://archive.org/stream/registrummagnisi08scot#page/1010/mode/1up</ref> that encompasst the estates an castles o [[Ardwell]] an [[Killasser]] near [[Clachanmore]] (Law Ardwell). The 42 merkland o Toskerton haed been forfeitit bi Sir John le Mareschal de Toskerton tae King Robert I. In 1331 Sir Cullo og Neil dee'd an left his estate tae his auldest son Sir Godfrey that assume't th tha faimily name McCullog (McCullough/McCullo'c).<ref>An Index drawn up about the year 1629 of many Records of Charters granted by the different Sovereigns of Scotland between the years 1309 and 1413. https://archive.org/stream/indexdrawnupabou00grea</ref> On 7 Julie 1618 William McCulloch o Mertoun (Myretoun McCulloch Torhous in [[Mochrum]] pairish, wi the consent o his auldest son Alexander, ratifee'd a chairter o Killasser in the Barony o Achowane tae William Houston an his guidwife Katherine Vaus. The subscript mentiont a new deed-o-baronia Killasser an the castle.<ref>Great Seal of Scotland. pp.744-745 no.2054 https://archive.org/stream/registrummagnisi07scot#page/744/mode/2up</ref> Anither deed o 29 Juin 1621 wis fae William Houston tae William Adair, whaurby James Glover, Notary Public, recordit deleevery o "seizin" (sasine) o 4 merk o laund in Carnewell (Cairnweil), neist a Kirkmadrin Kirk, in the Pairish o Toscartoun.<ref>Cairnweil view from Kirkmadrin Church. https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3100163</ref> Killasser Castle is shawn on Ainslie's 1782 map as in ruins. It wis the auncient seat of the Macculloch o Ardwell.<ref>Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland. Volume Five. pp.308-309. https://archive.org/stream/castellateddomes05macguoft#page/308/mode/2up</ref> The Pairish Leet o Wigtounshire 1684, pp-57-61, leets the places in Staneykirk Ceevil Pairish.<ref>https://archive.org/stream/parishlistsofwig72scot#page/56/mode/2up</ref> Adjynin Killasser Castle wis William Maxwell o [[Ardwell]]<ref>The London Gazette 11–14 May 1782, notice about William Maxwell of Ardwell, Shire of Wigton</ref> at Ardwell Hoose, Staneykirk Pairish, Wigtounshire.<ref>http://maps.nls.uk/counties/view/?id=685#id=685&zoom=5&lat=4213&lon=4222.5&layers=BT{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The war a Laird Maxwell that wis impreesont bi [[James VI, Keeng o Scot|Keeng James VI]] an released as lang as he quit Scotland. In 1588 Laird Maxell wis in Spaingie what the Armada wis bein redd, an he advised [[Philip II o Spain|Keeng Philip II o Spaingie]] that the Gallowa ports shoud be uised. The First-Cless man-o-war "Philip & Mary" saundit itsel on shingl no far fae Port William, Pairish o Mochrum, near Sir Willam Maxwell's Myretoun Castle on the Menreith Estate. <ref>The Hereditary Sheriffs of Galloway. Sir Andrew Agnew. pub.1893. p.214</ref> ==Archaeology== In ''Archaelogical and Historical Collections Relating to Ayrshire and Galloway'' vol V, p 63, Rev. George Wilson leets forts in Staneykirk: * ane north o Drumbreddan Bay, no on the OS map; * Doon Castle at Ardwell Pynt; * Kirlauchine, 5 mile north o Ardwell Pynt * Kildonan, a double fort * Knockdoon - the name shaws a fort northo Awhirk The're cairns an aw at Doon Hill o Kildrochet<ref>Archaeological and Historical Collections relating to Ayrshire and Galloway. vol.V. pp.62-73 https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092901606#page/n115/mode/2up</ref> * Doon Castle, near High [[Ardwell]] is the remeens o the best exemple o an [[Airn Age]] broch in Dumfries an Gallowa.<ref>[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=8346 Doon Castle (Broch)] at the Megalithic Portal.</ref><ref>[http://www.cast.org.uk/A-C.htm Dumfries & Galloway: Summary of places of interest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100508122319/http://www.cast.org.uk/A-C.htm |date=8 May 2010 }}, CAST.</ref> * Kirlauchine Promontory For is at Camp Bay sooth<ref>{{Canmore |num=60642 |desc= |access-date=28 November 2012}}</ref> * East Galdenoch fort (a schedule't auncient moniment) atween East Galdenoch an Freugh Airfield. It's a circular fort with a diameter o about 361&nbsp;ft o a later prehistoric date<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/heritage/searchmonuments/scheduledmonumentsresults.htm?p_out=xml&p_sstr=&p_couname=0&p_cattext=0&submit=Search&start=2191 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001018/http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/heritage/searchmonuments/scheduledmonumentsresults.htm?p_out=xml&p_sstr=&p_couname=0&p_cattext=0&submit=Search&start=2191 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * East Galdenoch sattlement (a schedule't auncient moniment), about 120 yaird sootheast o East Galdenoch. It's a prehistoric peel sattlement that is about 394 fit lang bi 197 fit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/search_item/index.php?service=RCAHMS&id=61247 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053618/http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/search_item/index.php?service=RCAHMS&id=61247 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Anither East Galdenoch sattlement (a schedule't auncient moniment), about 492 yaird nor'east o East Galdenoch. It's 853 fit bi 820 fit. * The're Promontory Forts on baith sides o Float Bay.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/search_item/index.php?service=RCAHMS&id=60445 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050538/http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/search_item/index.php?service=RCAHMS&id=60445 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Dunaldboys Mote, sooth Knockinaam, is an [[Airn Age]] promontory on the heid o sea clifts. The're a staundin stane an aw by the side o the Portpaitrick-Cairngarroch road. * Balgreggan Motte, Saundheid, staunds abuin the A716. The motte wis the first in a line o early castles alang the eastren shores o the Rhins.<ref>{{Canmore |num=60606 |desc= |access-date=22 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mccubbinfamily.info/?page_id=1037 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2012-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129134343/http://mccubbinfamily.info/?page_id=1037 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A 1782 map shaws Balgreggan Hoose o Hon. Sir Frederick Maitland * Ferm o Port Spittal, 2 mile sooth o Portpaitrick. It wis the "buirial grund o fower keengs". A [[Bronze Age]] cist an urn wis fund in a graff kivert wi a whinstane leck.<ref>Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Vol.X. Third Series. p.493 https://archive.org/stream/proceedingssoci02scotgoog#page/n523/mode/1up</ref> The banes can be seen in the Stranrawer Museum.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.futuremuseum.co.uk/collections/people/lives-in-key-periods/archaeology/the-bronze-age/ritual/bronze-age-burial,-port-o-spittal.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924020245/http://www.futuremuseum.co.uk/collections/people/lives-in-key-periods/archaeology/the-bronze-age/ritual/bronze-age-burial,-port-o-spittal.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Canmore |num=60612 |desc= |access-date=22 October 2012}}</ref> In 1588 some boats belangin til the Great Spaingie Armada wis wrackit aff the westren coast, no faur fae a bay that wis named in commemoration o that circumstance Float Bay.<ref>The Hereditary Sheriffs of Galloway. Sir Andrew Agnew. pub.1893. p.214 p.420 https://archive.org/stream/hereditarysherif01agne#page/420/mode/1up</ref> At Money Pynt (Money Heid)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://canmoremapping.rcahms.gov.uk/index.php?action=do_advanced&idnumlink=60486 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2015-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403015700/http://canmoremapping.rcahms.gov.uk/index.php?action=do_advanced&idnumlink=60486 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a considerable nummer o Spaingie dubloons wis subsequent diskivert.<ref>The Hereditary Sheriffs of Galloway. Sir Andrew Agnew. pub.1893. "The Armada" pp.418-434</ref><ref>{{Canmore |num=60486 |desc= |access-date=11 October 2012}}</ref><ref>https://archive.org/stream/calendarofstatep04greauoft/calendarofstatep04greauoft_djvu.txt</ref> Project Adair at <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/news/project-adair-enters-second-year |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924085024/http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/news/project-adair-enters-second-year |url-status=dead }}</ref> Houiver, in the beuk "''The Scotch Irish''" bi Charles A Hanna, p.&nbsp;233, it states that at the pairish at Staneykir is the ferms an bay o Float, local statit tae hae been cried sic fae the wrack o ane o the ships o the Spaingie Armada: and the heidland close to, corruptit fae the [[Scots Gaelic|Gaelic]] wird "monadh", the hill-heid, tae "Moneyheid", fae the money supposed tae hae been lost fae the wrack. The name Float is fae the [[Auld Norse]] ''flott'' that means a plain.<ref>http://etree15.archive.org/stream/thescotchirish01hannrich/thescotchirish01hannrich_djvu.txt</ref> ==Leetit biggins in Staneykirk== * Kildrochet House Including Gates And Gatepiers * Windmill Plantation, Old Windmill * Clachanmore Gallery, Former School And Schoolhouse, Including Boundary Walls, Gatepiers, Gates And Ancillary Structures * Ardwell, Ardwell House, Walled Garden Including Gardener's Cottage And Owl Statue * Ardwell, Bowling Hall, Ivy And Shore Cottages Including Boundary Walls And Gates * Stoneykirk Parish Church Graveyard Including Boundary Walls, Gatepiers And Gates * Kirkmabreck Farmhouse Including Farmhouse, Cottage, Steading, Boundary Walls And Gate * Drumbreddan Including Walled Garden, Steading, Farm Cottage, Boundary Walls And Gatepiers * Balgreggan, Walled Garden To Former Balgreggan House * Balgreggan, Kennels And Barn To Former Balgreggan House, Including Boundary Walls And Gatepiers * Ringuinea Moss * Garthland Mains Including Farmhouse, Steading, Farm Cottage, Bridge, Tower, Boundary Walls And Gatepiers * Mains Of Caldons Farmhouse * Ardwell, Ardwell Mains * Ardwell, Ardwell House, East Lodge Including Boundary Walls, Gatepiers And Gate * Ardwell, Ardwell House Including Lamp Standards, Gatepiers, Gate, Sundial And Owl Statue * Ardwell, Ardwell Church (Church Of Scotland) Including Boundary Walls, Gatepiers And Gates * Cairnhandy Farmhouse, Steading And Cottage, Including Boundary Walls * Ardwell, Ardwell House, Boundary Walls, Gates And Gatepiers * Lake Cottage Including Boundary Walls, Gatepiers And Outhouse * Gruesey, Former United Free Manse, Including Boundary Walls And Gatepiers * Ardwell, Ardwell Mill * East Cairnwell Including Farmhouse, Steading, Boundary Walls, Gates And Gatepiers * Stoneykirk Parish Church (Church Of Scotland) And Railings * Kirkmadrine Church Including Graveyard, Mctaggart Memorial, Boundary Walls, Gatepiers And Gates * [[Sanheid]] Primary Scuil ==Gailerie== ===Westren shore o the Rhins and the Mid-Rhins=== <gallery> File:Kirkmadrine Church - geograph.org.uk - 263127.jpg|Kirkmadrine Kirk. File:Port of Spittal and Knockinaam Lodge - geograph.org.uk - 596722.jpg|Knockinaam Lodge, Port O Spittal (N.W. Staneykirk Pairish). Meetin place of General Eisenhower & Winston Churchill. File:Float Bay near Stoneykirk, Stranraer, Wigtownshire - geograph.org.uk - 137739.jpg|Float Bay wi auncient forts on baith sides. File:Drumbreddan Bay - geograph.org.uk - 647514.jpg|view fae hill fort, Drumbreddan Bay. File:Ardwell Bay (or High Ardwell Bay as the locals call it). - geograph.org.uk - 75859.jpg|Ardwell Bay. File:Doon Castle Broch, High Ardwell Bay - geograph.org.uk - 137736.jpg|Doon Castle Broch, High Ardwell Bay. File:Portayew bay - geograph.org.uk - 406905.jpg|Portayew bay, Kirklauchline Promontory fort til the left at Camp Bay Soouth. </gallery> ===Eastren shore o the Rhins=== <gallery> File:Stoneykirkchurch.jpg|Staneykirk Kirk and kirkyaird (N.E.Staneykirk Pairish). File:Motte Stranraer.jpg|Motte and Bailey castle, [[Ardwell]], by Isles f Killaser, north Chapel Rosan Bay. File:Chapel Rossan Bay looking across to Ardwell village and caravan site. - geograph.org.uk - 64382.jpg|Chapel Rossan Bay leukin oot ower tae Ardwell veelage. File:Sandhead Village, about 8 miles South of Stranraer - geograph.org.uk - 82688.jpg|[[Sanheid]] Veelage, Balgreggan Mote Slap on right. File:Stoneykirk Motte Slap & War Memorial.jpg|Balgreggan, Saundheid, Staneykirk, Motte Slap & War Memorial. </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} {{commons category|Stoneykirk}} [[Category:Veelages in Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} 0v592ls90mn11jximt0au8f9thwix6q 0 216264 914722 911087 2026-04-03T03:06:45Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UK place |country = Scotland |official_name= Southerness |gaelic_name= |scots_name= |os_grid_reference= |coordinates = {{coord|54.874560|-3.598438|display=inline,title}} |population = 170 |population_ref = ([[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 Census]]) |unitary_scotland= [[Dumfries an Gallowa]] |lieutenancy_scotland= [[Kirkcoubrieshire|Kirkcoubrie]] |post_town= Dumfries |postcode_district = DG2 |postcode_area= DG |dial_code= 01387 |constituency_westminster= [[Dumfries and Galloway (UK Parliament constituency)|Dumfries and Galloway]] |constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Galloway and West Dumfries (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Galloway and West Dumfries]] |static_image= Southerness Lighthouse on right.JPG |static_image_width= 240px |static_image_caption= [[Satterness Lichthouse]] an [[Solway Firth]] }} '''Satterness''' ([[Inglis leid|English]]: '''Southerness''' ({{IPA|/sʌðə'nɛs/}}) is a smaw compact veelage in the historical coonty o [[Kirkcoubrieshire]] in [[Dumfries an Gallowa]], [[Scotland]]. Satterness is locatit aboot 2 mile sooth o the [[A710 road]] atween [[Caulkerbush]] and [[Kirkbean]]. The toun nouadays is maistly a tourist veelage an haes for mony years haed a lairge nummer o static caravans, some preevat an mony let tae haliday-makkers. The local bus services tae an fae [[Dawbeattie]] an [[Dumfries]] is mair frequent durin the simmer saison. The anely laundmerk is the [[Sootherness Lichthoose|Satterness Lichthoose]] that wis built in 1749 an is ane o the auldest lichthooses in Scotland. The lichthoose staunds aboot 56 fit heich an wis decommissiont in the 1930s. Ane o the twa gowfcoorses wis redesignt in 1947 bi coorse manager [[Mackenzie Ross]]. The veelage til the north haes the magneeficent sicht o the [[Marilyn]] hill the [[Criffel]] (1870 fit), an til the sooth the saundy bay Gillfoot (note: this is quicksaund). On clear days the views streetch across the [[Solway Firth]] til the fells o the [[Lake Destrict]] in [[Ingland|England]]. ==Tourist faceeiltys== * 18-hole gowf coorse * JJ's fish-an-chip shap * Paul Jones Hottle * Mermaid Baur * The Venue * The minimercat * Evenin enterteenment durin the heich-saison * Twa ParkDean caravan-pairks ===Caravan-pairks=== ====LightHouse Leisure==== LightHouse Leisure is a faimily-rin pairk wi aboot 200 caravans. It haes an aw the Mermaid Baur on site whaur bingo is offert maist evenins durin the saison, an a soumin-puil wi a tannin buith. LightHouse Leisure is aboot a twa-meenit walk awa fae the strand an lichthoose o Satterness. ==== Satterness Haliday Pairk ==== Satterness Haliday Pairk is awnt bi [[Parkdean Resorts]]. The're a new multi-purpose soumin-puil, built in 2011, wi fluims, a toddler-puil, an a 82 fit soumin-puil. The site haes an aw a naitur trail. ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commons category}} *[http://www.southernessgolfclub.com/index.html Satterness Gowf Club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217013901/http://www.southernessgolfclub.com/index.html |date=2012-02-17 }} *[http://www.parkdeanholidays.co.uk/scotland-holidays/southerness/southerness-holiday-park.htm Satterness Haliday Veelage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019012850/http://www.parkdeanholidays.co.uk/scotland-holidays/southerness/southerness-holiday-park.htm |date=2018-10-19 }} *[http://www.lighthouseleisure.co.uk LightHouse Leisure Caravan Pairk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329070627/http://www.lighthouseleisure.co.uk/ |date=2020-03-29 }} {{authority control}} [[Category:Veelages in Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} bfrgy5evvjscjgt43fxvqwbnr4344v6 0 216332 914712 866641 2026-04-03T00:46:11Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914712 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Robgill Tower.jpg|thumb|The 16t century Robgill Tour, syne stendit, ruistit on a hill leukin ower the Kirtle Watter]] '''Robgill Tour''' is a tour hoose near [[Ecclefechan]] in the historical coonty o [[Dumfriesshire]] in [[Dumfries an Gallowa]] in [[Scotland]] on the baunks o the [[Kirtle Watter]]. It wis ane o a nummer o tours built alang the mairch as pertection again incursions bi the Breetish.<ref>[https://clanirving.com/border-regions/ Border Regions]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The tour wis awnt for centurys bi [[Clan Irvine]], spelt as Irving an aw, bit a report fae 1834 shaws that it was awnt bi James Smail bi that time. He hid acquire'd it fae Sir Emelius Iriving.<ref>[ https://books.google.ca/books?id=Msg9AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA280&dq=robgill+tower+Kirtle&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjTmp2C6qHnAhVGmuAKHVYdA34Q6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=robgill%20tower%20Kirtle&f=false The new statistical account of Scotland, Volume 2 page 280]</ref> ==Etymology== The name is fae the [[Auld Inglis leid|Auld English]] personal name ''Hreodbeorht'' (modren name: Rabert) an the [[Auld Norse]] ''gil''(gill). The name wis recordit as ''Redbeilgill'' in 1125. ==History== The tour wis likely built aroond 1540 bi the Irvine faimily that awnt [[Bonshaw Tour]], bit some writs shaw that it wis built in 1430. Robgill Tour wis the "blue-prent for Bonshaw Tour" (that is 1,320 yaird awa) that wis built in the same era.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/67160/robgill-tower |title=Robgill Tower |access-date=2020-04-02 |archive-date=2020-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126194805/https://canmore.org.uk/site/67160/robgill-tower |url-status=dead }}</ref> Robgill Tour wis muckle modified in the 19t century. It hs been leetit as a Category B biggin syne 1971. The leetin shawed that the structur - "a middlin-sized big hoose ... wi a crenellatit reteenin waw" - wis buil in several phases maistly in the late 18t an early 19t century, awthou the kirnel wis a 16t century tour.<ref>[ https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200334941-robgill-tower-and-embankment-wall-dornock#.Xi2xTWhKhPY Robgill Tower and Embankment Wall]</ref> A subsequent report at the time shawed that the war a "fine stable block dating from the later 19th C. and a sizeable walled garden with a large glasshouse. The stable block has gained a swimming pool and there is a large indoor equestrian area.". The stable block is Category B leetit an aw<ref>[https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200334943-robgill-tower-stable-block-dornock#.Xi2uqGhKhPZ Robgill Tower, Stable Block]</ref><ref>[https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst8347.html Robgill Tower]</ref>, as is the Gate Lodge an Gate Piers. The Wawed Gairden is Category C leetit.<ref>[http://mr0.homeflow.co.uk/files/property_asset/image/2572/9042/open-uri20130823-11345-10ndsmq-0.pdf Robgill Tower, Page 8]</ref> An 1889 beuk aboot the airchitectur o Scotland states that aboot 10 year earlier, the tour wis modified: "willfully pulled down to the level of the hall floor" tae allou for a haw that wad connect it til the new, adjynin hoose that wis being built.<ref>[https://books.google.ca/books?id=R-9ZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA401&dq=robgill+tower+Kirtle&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_1rfO66HnAhUQVN8KHTjdB20Q6AEIOTAC#v=onepage&q=robgill%20tower%20Kirtle&f=false The Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland from the ..., Volume 3]</ref> A 1973 meenit o the haudin shawed that the awner wis a Mr Shaw.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/67160/robgill-tower |title=Robgill Tower |access-date=2020-04-02 |archive-date=2020-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126194805/https://canmore.org.uk/site/67160/robgill-tower |url-status=dead }}</ref> A 2013 prospectus provided a hantle o diagrams, photaes, an descrievins o ilk element o the houdin.<ref>[http://mr0.homeflow.co.uk/files/property_asset/image/2572/9042/open-uri20130823-11345-10ndsmq-0.pdf Robgill Tower]</ref> A 2019 meenit statit that it hid "six receptions roms, an indoor swimming pool, a games room, gym, indoor riding arena, a six-car garage, and a separate two-bedroom gate lodge". The big hoose wis recent sortit an wis said tae hae ootstaundin equestrian faceelitys.<ref>[https://www.housebeautiful.com/uk/lifestyle/property/news/a2043/lockerbie-country-house-medieval-vaulted-dining-room/]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.onthemarket.com/details/723489/ |title=Robgill Tower, Kirtlebridge, Lockerbie, Dumfries and Galloway, DG11 |access-date=2020-04-02 |archive-date=2019-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221171255/https://www.onthemarket.com/details/723489/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} * [http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/pls/portal/newcanmore.details_gis?inumlink=67160 RCHAMS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208110934/http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/pls/portal/newcanmore.details_gis?inumlink=67160 |date=2008-02-08 }} {{coord|55|2|1|N|3|10|39|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=title}} [[Category:Castles in Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Tour hooses in Scotland]] [[Category:Dumfries an Gallowa]] {{stub/Places o Scotland}} [[Category:Places o Scotland]] czwd26w90wvjnfsgqk7vul84idpne1s 0 220327 914713 882251 2026-04-03T00:53:30Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Roond Loch o Glenheid | image = The Island on Round Loch of Glenhead - geograph.org.uk - 550148.jpg | alt = | caption = The loch in the simmer o 2006 leukin aboot soothwast fae the slopes of [[Craiglee]] taewart [[Mulldonach]] (centre) an [[Lamachan Hill]] (left). | pushpin_map = Scotland Dumfries and Galloway | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | image_bathymetry = | alt_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = [[Gallowa]], [[Scotland]] | coords = {{Coord|55|5|36.7|N|4|25|48.78|W|display=inline,title}} | type = naitural | inflow = blanket peats (seepage & pipeflowe) an smaw burns | rivers = | outflow = [[Roond Loch Burn]] | catchment = {{convert|0.90|-|0.95|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name="UWMN">{{Cite web |url=http://uwmn.defra.gov.uk/sites/site_07.php |title=UK UWMN Sites - Round Loch of Glenhead |access-date=2020-06-10 |archive-date=2020-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117000837/http://uwmn.defra.gov.uk/sites/site_07.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="GCR"/> | basin_countries = | agency = | designation = | length = | width = | area = {{convert|12.7|ha|abbr=on}} | depth = | max-depth = {{convert|13.5|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="UKLEON">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sci_programmes/water/uk-lake-ecological-observatory-network.html |title=UKLEON: United Kingdom Lake Ecological Observatory Network |access-date=2020-06-10 |archive-date=2015-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324194646/http://ceh.ac.uk/sci_programmes/water/uk-lake-ecological-observatory-network.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="LMT&W">[http://www.f22.org.uk/lakes/Blelham_Tarn/index.htm Round Loch of Glenhead]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | volume = | residence_time = 90 days<ref name="UKLEON"/> | shore = | elevation = {{convert|295|-|298|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="UKLEON"/><ref name="GCR">{{Cite web |url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/gcrdb/GCRsiteaccount2740.pdf |title=ROUND LOCH OF GLENHEAD |access-date=2020-06-10 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202014133/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/gcrdb/GCRsiteaccount2740.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | frozen = | website = | reference = }} The '''Roond Loch o Glenheid''' is a smaw upland single basin loch in [[Dumfries an Gallowa]]. It is situatit within the [[Gallowa Forest Pairk]] til the wast o the hill [[Craiglee]]. It forms a pair wi the nearby [[Lang Loch o Glenheid]]. Baith lochs is aboot the same size an ilk hae a smaw island. The twa lochs is separatit fae [[Loch Valley]] an [[Loch Naroch]] bi the [[Rig o the Jarkness]]. The loch is tuimt til the soothwast bi [[Roond Loch Burn]], that efter jynin intae [[Glenheid Burn]] flowes intae [[Loch Trool]]. The catchment o the loch, that receives aboot 90.5 inch o precipitation a year, is aboot 222 acre o the slopes o Craiglee an some fletter auries nearer til the loch. Thir anes is makkit sindry bi syles varyin fae thick peat tae bare granite an [[tonalite]].<ref name="UWMN"/> The unafforestit catchment haes vegetation teepical o muirland blanket mires. The aurie is lizourt bi cattle in the simmers anely; haein after uphaudit sheep, an at a time peat burnin.<ref name="UWMN"/> The loch haes dree'd bad fae the effects o acidification. As o 2012 the loch haed stairted tae rekiver fae this bit wis verra affectit yet, wi nitrate and sulphate levels heich an aw.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-16579154 Round Loch of Glenhead acid impact remains 'chronic']</ref> Ower the speal o Julie 2013 tae December 2014 the [[pH]] varied fae 4.1 tae 6.0 and the dissowle't oxygen ranged fae 8.7 tae 12.7 mg/L.<ref name="UKLEONdata">{{Cite web |url=http://data.ecn.ac.uk/ukleon/results.asp |title=Data from the UK Lake Ecological Observatory Network |access-date=2020-06-10 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132052/http://data.ecn.ac.uk/ukleon/results.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> The loch an its catchement is a pairt o the [[Silver Flowe-Merrick Kells Biosphere Reserve]] [[Site o Speicial Scienteefic Interest]] an [[Speical Aurie o Conservation]] and the Silver Flowe-Merrick Kells [[UNESCO biosphere reserve]].<ref>[http://www.gallowayandsouthernayrshirebiosphere.org.uk/ Galloway and Southern Ayrshire biosphere]</ref> The loch is monitort syne 2005 on an unraiglar basis bi the (nouadays) [[United Kingdom Lake Ecological Observatory Network]] an the [[Upland Waters Monitoring Network]] (umwhile the United Kingdom Acit Waters Monitoring Network fae 1988 tae 2013).<ref name="UWMN"/> As o 2011 is wis the 'most fully equipped site for monitoring upland water quality and freshwater biodiversity in the UK'.<ref name="SNH469">Battarbee, R.W., Curtis, C.J. and Shilland, E.M. (2011). The Round Loch of Glenhead: Recovery from acidification, climate change monitoring and future threats. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 469.</ref> The loch is makkit sindry as [[ogliotrophic]] an [[polymictic]].<ref name="UKLEON"/> The main plant speshies praisent in the catchment include [[muir gress]] (''Molinia'' speshies); heathers includin [[common heather]] (''Calluna vulgaris''), [[brachen]], an [[sedge]] (''Tricophorum'' speshies); an includes ither speshies common associatit wi upland blanket mires sic as [[Nardus|white bent or weir-bent]] an [[Potentilla|dug's tansie]].<ref name="SNH469"/> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Lochs o Dumfries an Gallowa]] 16yj8wb9qe24yfs67yblgbk39uyh2rn 0 221200 914740 778565 2026-04-03T07:56:42Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Japanese Go Player}} {{distinguish|Tomoko Kato}} {{Infobox sportsperson | name = Tomoko Ogawa | image = File:Ogawa_Tomoko20190630.jpg | occupation = Perfaisional Go player }} '''Tomoko Ogawa''' (小川誠子, 1951 - 2019) is a [[female]] 7-[[dan]]<ref>She wis promotit tae 7-dan in occasion o her daith.</ref> [[perfaision]]al [[Go (gemme)|Go]] player at [[Nihon Ki-in]].<ref name="base">[https://gobase.org/information/players/?pp=Ogawa%20Tomoko Tomoko Ogawa at GoBase]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="sensei">[https://senseis.xmp.net/?OgawaTomoko Tomoko Ogawa at Sensei's Library]</ref> ==Notable achievements an contributions== {| class="wikitable" !Year || Notes<ref name="base"/><ref name="sensei"/> |- |1965 |Victory at the female amateur championship |- |1974, 1978, 1979, 1986, and 1993 |Receivit the female MVP (棋道賞女流賞) |- |1986 |Obtainit the female Honinbo title (女流本因坊) |- |1988 |Awardit from the Television Go Program Manufacturing Assembly (テレビ囲碁番組制作者会賞) |- |2006 |Publishit 『小川誠子の石の形を美しく （[[NHK]] Go Series）』 {{ISBN|414016140X}} |- |2008 |500 wins in career (2nd female player tae achieve this record) |- |From July 2010 tae June 2012 |President o the professional player assembly at Nihon Ki-in (棋士会会長) |- |From June 2012 tae June 2018 |Served as the director o Nihon Ki-in |} ==Japanese Beuks== * 『石心之譜 ― 囲碁に生きるわれら五人の棋士』 in 1981, {{ISBN|4905924294}} * 『明解初級囲碁読本』 in 1994, {{ISBN|4416794061}} * 『囲碁 級位者のための本筋の打ち方』 in 1998, {{ISBN|4416798164}} * 『囲碁 級位者のための勝率アップの決め手』 in 2000, {{ISBN|4416700091}} ==External links== * [https://www.nihonkiin.or.jp/player/htm/ki000198.htm Official profile at Nihon Ki-in] * {{Instagram|tomokoogawa0401}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ogawa, Tomoko}} [[Category:1951 births]] [[Category:2019 daiths]] [[Category:Japanese sportsfowk]] [[Category:Sportsweemen]] 9mg2b4kegwyx5ay5fvdndcznliukwj4 0 221201 914710 784541 2026-04-03T00:23:39Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|Chizu Kobayashi}} '''Reiko Kobayashi''' (1939-1996, 小林禮子) is a Japanese [[female]] 7-[[dan]]<ref>She wis promotit tae 7-dan in occasion o her daith.</ref> [[perfaision]]al [[Go (gemme)|Go]] player at [[Nihon Ki-in]]<ref name="base">[https://gobase.org/information/players/?pp=Kobayashi+Reiko Reiko Kobayashi at GoBase]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="jga">[http://www.nihonkiin.or.jp/player/htm/ki000112.html Official profile at Nihon Ki-in]</ref>. ==Achievements== {| class="wikitable" !Year || Notes<ref name="base"/><ref name="jga"/> |- |1973 and 1975 |Obtainit the female master title (女流名人) |- |1967, 1968, 1970, 1980 and 1982 |Receivit the female MVP (棋道賞女流賞) |} ==Notable faimily members== Reiko Kobayashi has several players in her [[faimily]]<ref name="base"/><ref name="jga"/>. * [[Faither]]: Minoru Kitani, 9-dan go player * [[Husband]]: Koichi Kobayashi, 9-dan go player, holder o three honorary titles<ref>[https://senseis.xmp.net/?KobayashiKoichi Koichi Kobayashi at Sensei's Library]</ref><ref>[https://gobase.org/information/players/?pp=Kobayashi%20Koichi Koichi Kobayashi at GoBase]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Dochter: [[Izumi Kobayashi]], former female title holder<ref>[https://senseis.xmp.net/?KobayashiIzumi Izumi Kobayashi at Sensei's Library]</ref><ref>[https://gobase.org/information/players/?pp=Kobayashi%20Izumi Izumi Kobayashi at GoBase]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Son in law: Cho U, 9-dan player frae [[Taiwan]]<ref>[https://senseis.xmp.net/?ChoU Cho U at Sensei's Library]</ref> ==References== {{reflist|2}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kobayashi, Reiko}} [[Category:1939 births]] [[Category:1996 daiths]] [[Category:Japanese sportsfowk]] [[Category:Sportsweemen]] 5sriipj1acauf22aor4una6cw4ah1s8 0 221215 914715 778564 2026-04-03T01:19:48Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|Sachiko Hara}} {{For|the Japanese [[company]]|Honda}} '''Sachiko Honda''' (本田幸子, 1930 - 2020) is a 8-[[dan]]<ref>She wis promotit tae 7-dan in occasion o her player retirement in 2000</ref><ref>She wis promotit tae 8-dan in occasion o her daith.</ref> Japanese [[perfaision]]al [[Go (gemme)|Go]] player at [[Nihon Ki-in]].<ref name="base">[https://gobase.org/information/players/?pp=Honda%20Sachiko Sachiko Honda at GoBase]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="gr">[https://www.goratings.org/en/players/909.html Sachiko Honda at GoRatings]</ref><ref name="sensei">[https://senseis.xmp.net/?HondaSachiko Sachiko Honda at Sensei's Library]</ref> ==Notable achievements== {| class="wikitable" !Year || Notes<ref name="base"/><ref name="gr"/><ref name="sensei"/> |- |1969 & 1972 |Receivit the female MVP (棋道賞女流賞) |- |1982 & 1984 |Obtainit the female Honinbo title (女流本因坊) |- |2004 |Receivit the Kishichiro Ohkura Award (大倉喜七郎賞, Award for individuals strongly promoting Go) |} ==Relatit players== The Mukai sisters (Kozue, [[Chiaki Mukai|Chiaki]], Kaori) are her [[pupil]]s, an all o them are perfaisional players.<ref name="base"/><ref name="gr"/><ref name="sensei"/> She also has two sisters: Kazuko Sugiuchi (Older sister, [[Tomoko Kato]] is her [[student]]) an Teruko Kusunoki (Younger sister), both o them are perfaisional players.<ref name="base"/><ref name="gr"/><ref name="sensei"/> ==External links== * [http://www.nihonkiin.or.jp/player/htm/ki000105.htm Official profile at Nihon Ki-in] ==Notes== {{reflist}} [[Category:1930 births]] [[Category:2020 daiths]] [[Category:Japanese sportsfowk]] [[Category:Sportsweemen]] sfwu5x59ruqh88jt7bcay4m71qbn0zg 0 221577 914698 886025 2026-04-02T15:55:44Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Japanese Go player}} {{Infobox sportsperson | name = Mika Yoshida | image = File:Yoshida_Mika20190630.jpg | occupation = Perfaisional Go player }} '''Mika Yoshida''' (吉田美香) is a Japanese [[perfaision]]al [[Go (gemme)|Go]] player at [[Kansai Ki-in]]<ref name="sen">[https://senseis.xmp.net/?YoshidaMika Mika Yoshida at Sensei's Library]</ref><ref name="base">[https://gobase.org/information/players/?pp=Yoshida%20Mika Mika Yoshida at GoBase]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>, [[Osaka Prefectur]]. She is kent as ane o the maist strangest player frae [[Osaka]] in the [[1990s]] throu the 2000s. ==Records== {|class="wikitable" !Year||Notes<ref name="sen"/><ref name="base"/> |- |1986 |Obtainit perfaisional status |- |1993-1996 |Obtainit the Weemen's Honinbo (女流本因坊), she is the first Kansai Ki-in player tae obtain this title. |- |1994 an 1996 |Receivit the Kansai Go & [[Shogi]] Reporter Club Awaird (関西囲碁将棋記者クラブ賞) |- |1995 |[[Teacher]] at [[NHK]] Go Lessons ([[:ja:NHK囲碁講座]]) |- |2000 |Victory at the Professional Pair Go Championship. She an aw reached tae 7 dan rank in this year (In Japan, anly few female players hae reached tae this rank). |- |2001 |Finalist at the Weemen's Champion title (女流最強位) |- |2002-2005 |Victory at Kansai Ladies Go Tournament |- |2003 |Reachit tae 8 [[dan]] rank in this year (She is the first female 8-dan player at Kansai Ki-in, an the 3rd female 8-dan player in Japan) |- |2019 |She became the first female commentator at the NHK Cup Televeesion Go Tournament (she commentit aboot [[Rina Fujisawa]]'s an [[Yukari Yoshihara]]'s gemme). |} ==Awards frae Kansai Ki-in== {|class="wikitable" !Name o awaird||Notes<ref name="sen"/><ref name="base"/> |- |Rookie Awaird (新人賞) |Receivit in 1989 |- |Yamano Awaird (山野賞<ref name="award">This is an award namit after a famous player at Kansai Ki-in</ref>) |Receivit 5 times |- |Dogen Awaird (道玄賞<ref name="award"/>) |Receivit 4 times |- |Risen Awaird (利仙賞<ref name="award"/>), Nagai Awaird (永井賞<ref name="award"/>), an the Special Awaird |Receivit Ance |} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==External links== * [https://kansaikiin.jp/kisi_prof/yoshidamika.html Official profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115184522/https://kansaikiin.jp/kisi_prof/yoshidamika.html |date=2021-01-15 }} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yoshida, Mika}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Japanese sportsfowk]] [[Category:Sportsweemen]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] mw2qdnw8tpa71by6pdt6zdyc7lhcbl9 0 221934 914739 778795 2026-04-03T07:54:03Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Japanese Go player}} {{distinguish|Keiko Kato|Tomoko Ogawa}} '''Tomoko Kato''' is a Japanese [[perfaision]]al [[Go (gemme)|Go]] player at [[Nihon Ki-in]].<ref name="base">{{Cite web |url=https://gobase.org/information/players/?pp=Kat%C5%8D+Tomoko |title=Tomoko Kato at GoBase |access-date=2020-08-14 |archive-date=2020-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001175745/https://gobase.org/information/players/?pp=Kat%C5%8D%20Tomoko |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="sensei">[https://senseis.xmp.net/?KatoTomoko Tomoko Kato at Sensei's Library]</ref><ref name="pro">[https://www.nihonkiin.or.jp/player/htm/ki000308.htm Official profile]</ref> Her [[teacher]] is Kazuko Sugiuchi ([[Sachiko Honda]]'s sister). ==Records== {| class="wikitable" !Year || Notes<ref name="base"/><ref name="sensei"/><ref name="pro"/> |- |1991 |Obtainit perfaisional status |- |1992 |Obtainit the Weemen Honinbo title (女流本因坊) an the [[female]] MVP (棋道賞女流賞) |- |1993 |Obtainit the Rookie Awaird (棋道賞新人賞) |- |1994 |Semi-finalist at the Warld Weemen Go Championship ([[:ja:宝海杯世界女子選手権戦]]). Obtainit the female MVP |- |1995 |Defeatit Kazuko Sugiuchi an obtainit the Weemen Grand Master title (女流名人). This is the first title match focht bi players wi [[teacher]]-[[student]] relation. She wis an aw the 1st place in the female player prize money rankin. |- |2000 |Obtainit the Weemen Champion title (女流最強位) |- |2001 |Rankit in the tap 8 players at the Internaitional Weemen Perfaisional Weiqi Championship ([[:ja:山水黔城杯国際女子プロ囲棋選手権戦]])<ref>Weiqi is the Cheenese [[name]] of Go. The [[Cheenese leid]] wis usit because the sponsor wis a Cheenese [[company]].</ref> She wis promotit tae 5 dan in this year. |- |2005 |Obtainit 300 career wins |- |2013 |Promotit tae 6 [[dan]] |} ==References an notes== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kato, Tomoko}} [[Category:1969 births]] [[Category:Japanese sportsfowk]] [[Category:Sportsweemen]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] f2x2zz5ug45euh7c4z962y624iev7dr 0 222030 914714 778743 2026-04-03T01:03:41Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rui Naiwei''' (芮迺偉) is a [[Cheenese]] [[perfaision]]al [[Go]] player active in [[Sooth Korea]]. She is ane o the strangest [[female]] Go player<ref>She wis the first female player tae be promotit tae 9 dan.</ref>, an is the anly [[weemen]] tae hae won ane o the major open Go titles<ref>Major open Go titles are titles that both male and female players can attend.</ref>. ==Achievements== {| class="wikitable" !Title || Years Held<ref>[https://senseis.xmp.net/?RuiNaiwei Rui Naiwei at Sensei's Library]</ref><ref>[https://gobase.org/information/players/?pp=Rui%20Naiwei Rui Naiwei at GoBase]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | align="center" | '''Domestic''' | align="center" | '''17''' |- | {{flagicon|South Korea}} Guksu | 1999 |- | {{flagicon|South Korea}} Maxim Cup | 2004 |- | {{flagicon|South Korea}} Weemen's Myungin | 2000–2002, 2004–2007 |- | {{flagicon|South Korea}} Weemen's Guksu | 2000–2002, 2006, 2007 |- | {{flagicon|South Korea}} Weemen's Kisung | 2006 |- | {{flagicon|China}} Naitional Weemen's Individual | 1986–1989 |- | align="center" | '''Global''' | align="center" | '''7''' |- | {{flagicon|South Korea}} {{flagicon|China}} {{flagicon|Japan}} Jeongganjang Cup | 2003 |- | {{flagicon|South Korea}} {{flagicon|China}} {{flagicon|Japan}} Hungchang Cup | 2000, 2001 |- | {{flagicon|South Korea}} {{flagicon|China}} {{flagicon|Japan}} Eastern Airlines Cup | 2000 |- | {{flagicon|South Korea}} {{flagicon|China}} {{flagicon|Japan}} Bohae Cup | 1994, 1996, 1997 |} {| class="wikitable" !Title || Runners-up |- | align="center" | '''Current''' | align="center" | '''4''' |- | {{flagicon|South Korea}} Guksu | 2000 |- | {{flagicon|South Korea}} Maxim Cup | 2003 |- | {{flagicon|South Korea}} Weemen's Guksu | 2003 |- | {{flagicon|South Korea}} Weemen's Myungin | 2003 |} ==Notes== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rui, Naiwei}} [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Cheenese sportsfowk]] [[Category:Sportsweemen]] h8l35ztj6u2vsnemtofl6vh6kgabya1 0 229855 914734 870841 2026-04-03T05:54:00Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914734 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stirlin castle''' is a castle leein ower [[Stirlin]]. The [[battle o Stirlin brig]] wis fochten naurhaun.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Battle of Stirling Bridge|url=https://www.nationalwallacemonument.com/the-battle-of-stirling-bridge/|access-date=2022-09-08|website=National Wallace Monument|language=en|archive-date=2023-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029143319/https://www.nationalwallacemonument.com/the-battle-of-stirling-bridge/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fae thareaboot 1100 til 1685, Stirlin castle wis amang the Scots kings' main hames. {{stub}} == References == <references /> [[Category:Scheduled Auncient Monuments in Scotland]] [[Category:Scotland]] fyflfqktyy6i2iec8lsmyn2byfgzfyy 0 230762 914745 892192 2026-04-03T09:00:37Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ulster Scots}} '''Ulstèr Inglis''' (Lallans: ''Ulster Inglis''), ca'aed '''Norlin-Hiberno Inglis''' or '''Norlin Airish Inglis''' forbye, is the Inglis thon is spak ïn [[Ulster|Ulstèr]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mieth|first=Wilfried|url=|title=Varieties of English. Northern Irish English: Located between Hiberno-English and Ulster Scots|date=2013-04-18|publisher=GRIN Verlag|isbn=978-3-656-41407-0|pages=3–4|language=en}}</ref> Ït wus influenced bae tha [[Erse leid|Airish leid]] an tha [[Scots leid|Scotch leid]], thon wus kerriet til [[Ireland|Airlann]] ïn tha 16 an 17th hunnèrs. == History == [[Auld Inglis]] an [[Anglo-Norman leid|Anglo-Norman]] wur brung til [[Ireland|Airlann]] whan [[Anglo-Norman invasion of Airlann|tha Normans wur invading Airlann]]. These dialects wud growe intae tha [[Yola leid|Forth an Bargy dialect]] an [[Fingallian]], baith spak ïn the sooth-eastren pairt of tha islan. Eftèr tha [[Tudor conquest o Airlann]], [[Early Modren Inglis]] stairted til be taakit in the islan. This dialect o Inglis wud influence, maist o tha dialects ïn tha area, maist notably Mid-Ulstèr Inglis. == Dialect == [[File:English dialects in Ulster contrast2.png|thumb|Tha approximate borders as shown in]] === Mid-Ulstèr Inglis === Frae the west o [[Coontie Dunnygal|Dunnygal]] til the east o [[Coontie Doun|Doun]], Mid-Ulstèr Inglis is affen ca'aed the standard dialect o Ulstèr Inglis.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Г|first=Ніколенко А.|url=|title=Лексикологія англійської мови – теорія і практика. [англ.].: Навчальний посібник для ВНЗ|publisher=Нова Книга|isbn=978-966-382-076-7|pages=362–363|language=en}}</ref> Ït is oreeginally frae the 17th hunnèr an is affen referred as a mïx o [[Erse leid|Airish]], [[Scots leid|Scotch]], an [[Inglis leid|Inglis]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Maguire|first=Warren|url=|title=Language and Dialect Contact in Ireland: The Phonological Origins of Mid-Ulster English|date=2020-09-21|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-1-4744-5293-9|pages=10–11|language=en}}</ref> === Ulstèr-Scotch === Tha Ulstèr-Scotch dialect, spak ïn pairts o norlin [[Coontie Antrim]] an east [[Coontie Londonderry|Coontie Lunnonderry]], haes a muckle influence frae tha [[Ulstèr-Scotch leid]]. Mony vocabulary ïs seemlar tae thit o Ulstèr-Scotch.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Test for Ulster-Scots|url=http://www.ulsterscotslanguage.com/en/texts/test/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-07-30|website=Ulster Scots Language Society}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Sooth Ulstèr Inglis === Sooth Ulstèr Inglis, spak ïn the sooth of [[Norlin Airlan|Norlin Airlann]], is tha dialect atween Mid-Ulstèr Inglis an [[Hiberno-Inglis]]. Ït haes a strang Airish influence. == References == <references /> rz3pcdxwpwoy6ulvjcqci6mr3juk7yu 0 231711 914728 892449 2026-04-03T04:17:39Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 914728 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Simon Dow''' (born June 13, 1961) is a first-generation racehorse trainer, based oan the Epsom Downs. He owned several horses that huv enjoyed fan club status, includin Dark Honey, Confronter, Young Ern, an Chief's Song.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Citation needit|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Mare recently, horses such as Birkspiel (owned by Soccer AM's Helen Chamberlain)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-03-30|title=Talking Racing: High hopes for Helen's horse|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/horseracing/2334530/Talking-Racing-High-hopes-for-Helens-horse.html|access-date=2024-02-21|website=The Telegraph|language=en}}</ref> Aurigny, Nagnagnag, Turtle Valley, Gallery God, Bettalatethannever, an Quantum Leap<ref>{{Cite web|title=Quantum Leap {{!}} Horse Profile & Next Race Odds {{!}} Jumps {{!}} At The Races & Sky Sports Racing|url=https://jumps.attheraces.com/form/horse/Quantum-Leap/GB/2009421|access-date=2024-02-21|website=At The Races|language=en}}</ref> huv kept the winners flowin. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Citation needit|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> <references /> == External links == * [http://www.simondow.co.uk Simon Dow]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Category:Place o birth missin (livin fowk)]] [[Category:1961 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] hlyy3wx3v1eihk3jd9fw5c9jcyyzmqi 7 233276 914724 2026-04-03T03:15:01Z EggPudding77777 124336 Made page wi "Hi, this map is out of date as of 2026. Japan ended its last ever trolleybus service in 2024. ~~~~" 914724 wikitext text/x-wiki Hi, this map is out of date as of 2026. Japan ended its last ever trolleybus service in 2024. [[Uiser:EggPudding77777|EggPudding77777]] ([[Uiser collogue:EggPudding77777|tauk]]) 03:14, 3 Apryle 2026 (UTC) po1wjhffgo1j0ajk16o63t2vood3inm 914727 914724 2026-04-03T04:07:14Z CiphriusKane 74958 Replie 914727 wikitext text/x-wiki Hi, this map is out of date as of 2026. Japan ended its last ever trolleybus service in 2024. [[Uiser:EggPudding77777|EggPudding77777]] ([[Uiser collogue:EggPudding77777|tauk]]) 03:14, 3 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :Tell aat ti Wikimedia Commons. Aat's faar the file is [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 04:07, 3 Apryle 2026 (UTC) jkwpgoridihhahounhpzl1ezv22xlp3