Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1565 920896 913898 2026-08-17T16:35:33Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Kinrick o Norawa |native_name = Kongeriket Norge<br>Kongeriket Noreg<br>Norgga gonagasriika |common_name = Norawa |image_flag = Flag of Norway.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Norway.svg |symbol_width = 65px |image_map = Europe-Norway.svg |map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix=the |country=<nowiki>Kinrick o Norawa</nowiki> |location_color=dark green |region=[[Europe]] |region_color=dark grey}} |image_map2 = Norway in the World (+Antarctica claims).svg |map_caption2 = Location o the Kinrick o Norawa an [[Leet o possessions of Norway|its integral owerseas auries an dependencies]]: [[Svalbard]], [[Jan Mayen]], [[Bouvet Island]], [[Peter I Island]] an [[Queen Maud Land]] |national_anthem = {{unbulleted list |''[[Ja, vi elsker dette landet]]''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|(''[[de facto]]'')}} |{{small|''Yes, we luve this kintra''}}|<center>[[File:Norway (National Anthem).ogg]]</center><hr/>'''[[Ryal anthem]]:''' ''[[Kongesangen]]''<br/>{{small|''The Keeng's Sang''}}}} |official_languages = {{nowrap|[[Norse leid|Norse]] <br/>{{small|([[Bokmål]]{{\}}[[Nynorsk]])}}}}{{collapsible list |titlestyle=background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title=[[Sami leid|Sami]] |[[Northern Sami]]|[[Lule Sami]]|[[Soothren Sami]]|{{small|(Offeecial in 9 municipalities)}}}} |languages_type = [[Writin seestem]] |languages = [[Laitin alphabet|Laitin]] {{small|([[Dano-Norse alphabet]])}} |regional_languages = {{hlist|[[Kven leid|Kven]]|[[Scandoromani leide|Tavringer]]|[[Romani leid|Romani]]}} |demonym = [[Norse fowk|Norse]]<br/>{{small|Norse: ''[[Nordmann]]''}} |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |83.7%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/nokkeltall/population|title=Population|author=|date=|work=ssb.no|access-date=2017-04-14|archive-date=2016-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806141407/http://ssb.no/en/befolkning/nokkeltall/population|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Norwegians]] |16.3%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/en/innvbef|title=Nearly 10 000 Syrian immigrants in Norway|author=|date=|work=ssb.no}}</ref> [[Immigration to Norway#Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by country of origin|Immigrants]] | |''Ither withoot offeecial statistics:'' |{{small|Indigenous:}} <br/>[[Sami fowk|Sami]] |{{small|Minorities:}} <br/>{{hlist|[[History o the Jews in Norway|Jews]]|[[Norse an Swadish Travellers|Travellers]]|[[Forest Finns]]|[[Romani fowk|Romani]]|[[Kvens]]}} }} |capital = [[Oslo]] |coordinates = {{Coord|59|54.78|N|10|41.44|E|type:city}} |largest_city = caipital |government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Pairlamentar seestem|pairlamentar]] [[constitutional monarchy]] |leader_title1 = Monarch |leader_name1 = [[Harald V]] |leader_title2 = Prime Meenister |leader_name2 = Jonas Gahr Støre |leader_title3 = Preses o the ''Storting'' |leader_name3 = Masud Gharahkhani ([[:en:Arbeiderpartiet|Ap]]) <small>(2021–)</small> |leader_title4 = Chief Juistice |leader_name4 = Toril Marie Øie(2016) |leader_title5 = [[Norwegian parliamentary election, 2021|Current coalition]] |leader_name5 = |legislature = ''[[Parliament o Norawa|Storting]]'' <br/>&nbsp;'''L''' ''[[Sami Parliament o Norawa|Sámediggi]]'' |sovereignty_type = [[History o Norawa|History]] |established_event1 = [[Unification o Norawa|Establishment prior unification]] |established_date1 = 872 |established_event2 = [[Kinrick o Norawa (872–1397)|Norse Empire]] {{small|(Greatest indep. extent)}} |established_date2 = 1263 |established_event3 = [[Kalmar Union]] |established_date3 = 1397 |established_event4 = [[Denmark-Norway]] |established_date4 = 1524 |established_event5 = [[Kinrick o Norway (1814)|Sel-proclaimed independent]] |established_date5 = [[Meetin o Notables|25 Februar 1814]] |established_event6 = [[Constitution o Norawa|Constitution]] |established_date6 = 17 Mey 1814 |established_event7 = [[Swaden-Norawa]] |established_date7 = 4 November 1814 |established_event8 = [[Dissolution o Swaden-Norawa]] |established_date8 = 7 Juin 1905 |established_event9 = [[German occupation o Norwa|German occupation]] |established_date9 = [[Operation Weserübung|9 Aprile 1940]] |established_event10 = [[Reichskommissariat Norwegen]] |established_date10 = 24 Aprile 1940 |established_event11 = [[Quisling regime]] |established_date11 = 1 Februar 1942 |established_event12 = [[Victory in Europe Day|Restoration frae German occupation]] |established_date12 = 8 Mey 1945 |area_rank = 67th^a |area_km2 = 385,207<ref name="kart_2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kartverket.no/Kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Arealstatistikk/Arealstatistikk-Norge/|title=Arealstatistics for Norway 2019|publisher=Kartverket, mapping directory for Norway|year=2019|accessdate=2019-03-25|archive-date=2019-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608034913/https://www.kartverket.no/Kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Arealstatistikk/Arealstatistikk-Norge/|url-status=dead}} Svalbard and Jan Mayen are included.</ref> |area_sq_mi = 148,719 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 5.2^b |population_estimate = 5,627,400<ref name="ssbf">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/folketall/statistikk/befolkning|title=Population, 2026-01-01|publisher=Statistics Norway|date=2026-02-25|accessdate=2026-02-26|language=en}}</ref> (120th) |population_estimate_year = 1 January 2026 |population_census = 5,214,890<ref name=2015census>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/aar |title=Population, 1 January 2015 |publisher=Statistics Norway|accessdate=18 January 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125165946/http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/aar |archivedate=25 January 2016}}</ref> |population_census_year = 2015 |population_density_km2 = 14.6 |population_density_sq_mi = 38 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 213t |GDP_PPP_year = 2017 |GDP_PPP = $377.1 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |title=Norway |publisher=International Monetary Fund |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=52&pr.y=9&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=142&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = 46t |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $70,665<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 4t |GDP_nominal = $391.959 billion<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_rank = 22nd |GDP_nominal_year = 2017 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $73,450<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 3rd |Gini_year = 2014 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->increase |Gini = 23.5 <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|publisher=Eurostat Data Explorer|accessdate=4 December 2015}}</ref> |Gini_rank = 1st |HDI_year = 2022 <!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.966 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP2023">{{Cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-indexindicies/HDI|title=2022 Human Development Index Ranking|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|date=2023-03-13|accessdate=2024-03-16|language=en}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 2nd |currency = [[Norse krone]] |currency_code = NOK |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |date_format = dd.mm.yyyy |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Norawa|+47]] |cctld = [[.no]]^c |footnote_a = Includes [[Svalbard an Jan Mayen]]. (Withoot thir twae auries, the aurie o Norway is 323,802 km{{smallsup|2}}, placin it 67t in the warld.<ref name="CIA, List of states for area">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html |author=Central Intelligence Agency |work=The World Factbook |title=Area |accessdate=20 June 2013 |archive-date=2014-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131115000/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>) |footnote_b = This percentage is for the mainland, Svalbard, an Jan Mayen. This percentage coonts glaciers as "laund". It's calculatit as 19,940.14/(365,246.17+19,940.14).<ref name="kart_2019" /> |footnote_c = Twa mair TLDs hae been assigned, but are nae used: [[.sj]] for Svalbard an Jan Mayen; [[.bv]] for [[Bouvet Island]]. }} [[File:Map_Norway_political-geo.png|thumb|upright=1.24]] The '''Kinrick o Norawa''' or '''Norrowey''' (whiles cried '''Norseland''') is a [[Nordic kintras|Nordic kintra]] in the wastren pairt o the [[Scandinavian Hauf-island]]. Hit haes mairches wi [[Swaden]], [[Finland]] an [[Roushae|Roushie]], an its watters meets the watters o [[Denmark]] an the [[Unitit Kinrick]]. It haes a sair streekit shape an a lang strand alang the [[Atlantic Ocean|North Atlantic Ocean]], whaur Norawa's namely [[fjord]]s is fund. The nearby island launds o [[Svalbard]] an [[Jan Mayen]] is pairt o the kinrick o Norawa, an [[Bouvet Island]] in the Sooth Atlantic Ocean an [[Peter I Island]] in the Sooth [[Paceefic Ocean]] is Norse [[Dependent area|dependencies]], an isnae pairt o the kinrick. The naitional day o Norawa is 17t o Mey. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat|Norway|Norawa}} [[Category:Norawa| ]] [[Category:Kintras in Europe]] [[Category:Nordic kintras]] [[Category:Scandinavie]] [[Category:Northren Europe]] [[Category:Constitutional monarchies]] [[Category:Leeberal democracies]] [[Category:States an territories established in 872]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1905]] [[Category:Member states o NATO]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] [[Category:Germanic kintras an territories]] {{Stub/Norawa}} ao54zq0483qx2fvg2uxzkdcz0m27txz 920897 920896 2026-08-17T16:36:20Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Kinrick o Norawa |native_name = Kongeriket Norge<br>Kongeriket Noreg<br>Norgga gonagasriika |common_name = Norawa |image_flag = Flag of Norway.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Norway.svg |symbol_width = 65px |image_map = Europe-Norway.svg |map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix=the |country=<nowiki>Kinrick o Norawa</nowiki> |location_color=dark green |region=[[Europe]] |region_color=dark grey}} |image_map2 = Norway in the World (+Antarctica claims).svg |map_caption2 = Location o the Kinrick o Norawa an [[Leet o possessions of Norway|its integral owerseas auries an dependencies]]: [[Svalbard]], [[Jan Mayen]], [[Bouvet Island]], [[Peter I Island]] an [[Queen Maud Land]] |national_anthem = {{unbulleted list |''[[Ja, vi elsker dette landet]]''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|(''[[de facto]]'')}} |{{small|''Yes, we luve this kintra''}}|<center>[[File:Norway (National Anthem).ogg]]</center><hr/>'''[[Ryal anthem]]:''' ''[[Kongesangen]]''<br/>{{small|''The Keeng's Sang''}}}} |official_languages = {{nowrap|[[Norse leid|Norse]] <br/>{{small|([[Bokmål]]{{\}}[[Nynorsk]])}}}}{{collapsible list |titlestyle=background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title=[[Sami leid|Sami]] |[[Northern Sami]]|[[Lule Sami]]|[[Soothren Sami]]|{{small|(Offeecial in 9 municipalities)}}}} |languages_type = [[Writin seestem]] |languages = [[Laitin alphabet|Laitin]] {{small|([[Dano-Norse alphabet]])}} |regional_languages = {{hlist|[[Kven leid|Kven]]|[[Scandoromani leide|Tavringer]]|[[Romani leid|Romani]]}} |demonym = [[Norse fowk|Norse]]<br/>{{small|Norse: ''[[Nordmann]]''}} |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |83.7%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/nokkeltall/population|title=Population|author=|date=|work=ssb.no|access-date=2017-04-14|archive-date=2016-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806141407/http://ssb.no/en/befolkning/nokkeltall/population|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Norwegians]] |16.3%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/en/innvbef|title=Nearly 10 000 Syrian immigrants in Norway|author=|date=|work=ssb.no}}</ref> [[Immigration to Norway#Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by country of origin|Immigrants]] | |''Ither withoot offeecial statistics:'' |{{small|Indigenous:}} <br/>[[Sami fowk|Sami]] |{{small|Minorities:}} <br/>{{hlist|[[History o the Jews in Norway|Jews]]|[[Norse an Swadish Travellers|Travellers]]|[[Forest Finns]]|[[Romani fowk|Romani]]|[[Kvens]]}} }} |capital = [[Oslo]] |coordinates = {{Coord|59|54.78|N|10|41.44|E|type:city}} |largest_city = caipital |government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Pairlamentar seestem|pairlamentar]] [[constitutional monarchy]] |leader_title1 = Monarch |leader_name1 = [[Harald V]] |leader_title2 = Prime Meenister |leader_name2 = Jonas Gahr Støre |leader_title3 = Preses o the ''Storting'' |leader_name3 = Masud Gharahkhani |leader_title4 = Chief Juistice |leader_name4 = Toril Marie Øie(2016) |leader_title5 = [[Norwegian parliamentary election, 2021|Current coalition]] |leader_name5 = |legislature = ''[[Parliament o Norawa|Storting]]'' <br/>&nbsp;'''L''' ''[[Sami Parliament o Norawa|Sámediggi]]'' |sovereignty_type = [[History o Norawa|History]] |established_event1 = [[Unification o Norawa|Establishment prior unification]] |established_date1 = 872 |established_event2 = [[Kinrick o Norawa (872–1397)|Norse Empire]] {{small|(Greatest indep. extent)}} |established_date2 = 1263 |established_event3 = [[Kalmar Union]] |established_date3 = 1397 |established_event4 = [[Denmark-Norway]] |established_date4 = 1524 |established_event5 = [[Kinrick o Norway (1814)|Sel-proclaimed independent]] |established_date5 = [[Meetin o Notables|25 Februar 1814]] |established_event6 = [[Constitution o Norawa|Constitution]] |established_date6 = 17 Mey 1814 |established_event7 = [[Swaden-Norawa]] |established_date7 = 4 November 1814 |established_event8 = [[Dissolution o Swaden-Norawa]] |established_date8 = 7 Juin 1905 |established_event9 = [[German occupation o Norwa|German occupation]] |established_date9 = [[Operation Weserübung|9 Aprile 1940]] |established_event10 = [[Reichskommissariat Norwegen]] |established_date10 = 24 Aprile 1940 |established_event11 = [[Quisling regime]] |established_date11 = 1 Februar 1942 |established_event12 = [[Victory in Europe Day|Restoration frae German occupation]] |established_date12 = 8 Mey 1945 |area_rank = 67th^a |area_km2 = 385,207<ref name="kart_2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kartverket.no/Kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Arealstatistikk/Arealstatistikk-Norge/|title=Arealstatistics for Norway 2019|publisher=Kartverket, mapping directory for Norway|year=2019|accessdate=2019-03-25|archive-date=2019-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608034913/https://www.kartverket.no/Kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Arealstatistikk/Arealstatistikk-Norge/|url-status=dead}} Svalbard and Jan Mayen are included.</ref> |area_sq_mi = 148,719 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 5.2^b |population_estimate = 5,627,400<ref name="ssbf">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/folketall/statistikk/befolkning|title=Population, 2026-01-01|publisher=Statistics Norway|date=2026-02-25|accessdate=2026-02-26|language=en}}</ref> (120th) |population_estimate_year = 1 January 2026 |population_census = 5,214,890<ref name=2015census>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/aar |title=Population, 1 January 2015 |publisher=Statistics Norway|accessdate=18 January 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125165946/http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/aar |archivedate=25 January 2016}}</ref> |population_census_year = 2015 |population_density_km2 = 14.6 |population_density_sq_mi = 38 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 213t |GDP_PPP_year = 2017 |GDP_PPP = $377.1 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |title=Norway |publisher=International Monetary Fund |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=52&pr.y=9&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=142&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = 46t |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $70,665<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 4t |GDP_nominal = $391.959 billion<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_rank = 22nd |GDP_nominal_year = 2017 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $73,450<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 3rd |Gini_year = 2014 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->increase |Gini = 23.5 <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|publisher=Eurostat Data Explorer|accessdate=4 December 2015}}</ref> |Gini_rank = 1st |HDI_year = 2022 <!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.966 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP2023">{{Cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-indexindicies/HDI|title=2022 Human Development Index Ranking|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|date=2023-03-13|accessdate=2024-03-16|language=en}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 2nd |currency = [[Norse krone]] |currency_code = NOK |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |date_format = dd.mm.yyyy |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Norawa|+47]] |cctld = [[.no]]^c |footnote_a = Includes [[Svalbard an Jan Mayen]]. (Withoot thir twae auries, the aurie o Norway is 323,802 km{{smallsup|2}}, placin it 67t in the warld.<ref name="CIA, List of states for area">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html |author=Central Intelligence Agency |work=The World Factbook |title=Area |accessdate=20 June 2013 |archive-date=2014-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131115000/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>) |footnote_b = This percentage is for the mainland, Svalbard, an Jan Mayen. This percentage coonts glaciers as "laund". It's calculatit as 19,940.14/(365,246.17+19,940.14).<ref name="kart_2019" /> |footnote_c = Twa mair TLDs hae been assigned, but are nae used: [[.sj]] for Svalbard an Jan Mayen; [[.bv]] for [[Bouvet Island]]. }} [[File:Map_Norway_political-geo.png|thumb|upright=1.24]] The '''Kinrick o Norawa''' or '''Norrowey''' (whiles cried '''Norseland''') is a [[Nordic kintras|Nordic kintra]] in the wastren pairt o the [[Scandinavian Hauf-island]]. Hit haes mairches wi [[Swaden]], [[Finland]] an [[Roushae|Roushie]], an its watters meets the watters o [[Denmark]] an the [[Unitit Kinrick]]. It haes a sair streekit shape an a lang strand alang the [[Atlantic Ocean|North Atlantic Ocean]], whaur Norawa's namely [[fjord]]s is fund. The nearby island launds o [[Svalbard]] an [[Jan Mayen]] is pairt o the kinrick o Norawa, an [[Bouvet Island]] in the Sooth Atlantic Ocean an [[Peter I Island]] in the Sooth [[Paceefic Ocean]] is Norse [[Dependent area|dependencies]], an isnae pairt o the kinrick. The naitional day o Norawa is 17t o Mey. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat|Norway|Norawa}} [[Category:Norawa| ]] [[Category:Kintras in Europe]] [[Category:Nordic kintras]] [[Category:Scandinavie]] [[Category:Northren Europe]] [[Category:Constitutional monarchies]] [[Category:Leeberal democracies]] [[Category:States an territories established in 872]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1905]] [[Category:Member states o NATO]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] [[Category:Germanic kintras an territories]] {{Stub/Norawa}} e3zjq6epwrtt5mi0opp53kpd2rhtksz 921051 920897 2026-08-17T23:46:09Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox kintra |conventional_long_name = Kinrick o Norawa |native_name = Kongeriket Norge<br>Kongeriket Noreg<br>Norgga gonagasriika |common_name = Norawa |image_flag = Flag of Norway.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Norway.svg |symbol_width = 65px |image_map = Europe-Norway.svg |map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix=the |country=<nowiki>Kinrick o Norawa</nowiki> |location_color=dark green |region=[[Europe]] |region_color=dark grey}} |image_map2 = Norway in the World (+Antarctica claims).svg |map_caption2 = Location o the Kinrick o Norawa an [[Leet o possessions of Norway|its integral owerseas auries an dependencies]]: [[Svalbard]], [[Jan Mayen]], [[Bouvet Island]], [[Peter I Island]] an [[Queen Maud Land]] |national_anthem = {{unbulleted list |''[[Ja, vi elsker dette landet]]''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|(''[[de facto]]'')}} |{{small|''Yes, we luve this kintra''}}|<center>[[File:Norway (National Anthem).ogg]]</center><hr/>'''[[Ryal anthem]]:''' ''[[Kongesangen]]''<br/>{{small|''The Keeng's Sang''}}}} |official_languages = {{nowrap|[[Norse leid|Norse]] <br/>{{small|([[Bokmål]]{{\}}[[Nynorsk]])}}}}{{collapsible list |titlestyle=background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title=[[Sami leid|Sami]] |[[Northern Sami]]|[[Lule Sami]]|[[Soothren Sami]]|{{small|(Offeecial in 9 municipalities)}}}} |languages_type = [[Writin seestem]] |languages = [[Laitin alphabet|Laitin]] {{small|([[Dano-Norse alphabet]])}} |regional_languages = {{hlist|[[Kven leid|Kven]]|[[Scandoromani leide|Tavringer]]|[[Romani leid|Romani]]}} |demonym = [[Norse fowk|Norse]]<br/>{{small|Norse: ''[[Nordmann]]''}} |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |83.7%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/nokkeltall/population|title=Population|author=|date=|work=ssb.no|access-date=2017-04-14|archive-date=2016-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806141407/http://ssb.no/en/befolkning/nokkeltall/population|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Norwegians]] |16.3%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/en/innvbef|title=Nearly 10 000 Syrian immigrants in Norway|author=|date=|work=ssb.no}}</ref> [[Immigration to Norway#Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by country of origin|Immigrants]] | |''Ither withoot offeecial statistics:'' |{{small|Indigenous:}} <br/>[[Sami fowk|Sami]] |{{small|Minorities:}} <br/>{{hlist|[[History o the Jews in Norway|Jews]]|[[Norse an Swadish Travellers|Travellers]]|[[Forest Finns]]|[[Romani fowk|Romani]]|[[Kvens]]}} }} |capital = [[Oslo]] |coordinates = {{Coord|59|54.78|N|10|41.44|E|type:city}} |largest_city = caipital |government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Pairlamentar seestem|pairlamentar]] [[constitutional monarchy]] |leader_title1 = Monarch |leader_name1 = [[Harald V]] |leader_title2 = Prime Meenister |leader_name2 = Jonas Gahr Støre |leader_title3 = Preses o the ''Storting'' |leader_name3 = Masud Gharahkhani |leader_title4 = Chief Juistice |leader_name4 = Toril Marie Øie(2016) |leader_title5 = [[Norwegian parliamentary election, 2021|Current coalition]] |leader_name5 = |legislature = ''[[Parliament o Norawa|Storting]]'' <br/>&nbsp;'''L''' ''[[Sami Parliament o Norawa|Sámediggi]]'' |sovereignty_type = [[History o Norawa|History]] |established_event1 = [[Unification o Norawa|Establishment prior unification]] |established_date1 = 872 |established_event2 = [[Kinrick o Norawa (872–1397)|Norse Empire]] {{small|(Greatest indep. extent)}} |established_date2 = 1263 |established_event3 = [[Kalmar Union]] |established_date3 = 1397 |established_event4 = [[Denmark-Norway]] |established_date4 = 1524 |established_event5 = [[Kinrick o Norway (1814)|Sel-proclaimed independent]] |established_date5 = [[Meetin o Notables|25 Februar 1814]] |established_event6 = [[Constitution o Norawa|Constitution]] |established_date6 = 17 Mey 1814 |established_event7 = [[Swaden-Norawa]] |established_date7 = 4 November 1814 |established_event8 = [[Dissolution o Swaden-Norawa]] |established_date8 = 7 Juin 1905 |established_event9 = [[German occupation o Norwa|German occupation]] |established_date9 = [[Operation Weserübung|9 Aprile 1940]] |established_event10 = [[Reichskommissariat Norwegen]] |established_date10 = 24 Aprile 1940 |established_event11 = [[Quisling regime]] |established_date11 = 1 Februar 1942 |established_event12 = [[Victory in Europe Day|Restoration frae German occupation]] |established_date12 = 8 Mey 1945 |area_rank = 67th^a |area_km2 = 385,207<ref name="kart_2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kartverket.no/Kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Arealstatistikk/Arealstatistikk-Norge/|title=Arealstatistics for Norway 2019|publisher=Kartverket, mapping directory for Norway|year=2019|accessdate=2019-03-25|archive-date=2019-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608034913/https://www.kartverket.no/Kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Arealstatistikk/Arealstatistikk-Norge/|url-status=dead}} Svalbard and Jan Mayen are included.</ref> |area_sq_mi = 148,719 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 5.2^b |population_estimate = 5,627,400<ref name="ssbf">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/folketall/statistikk/befolkning|title=Population, 2026-01-01|publisher=Statistics Norway|date=2026-02-25|accessdate=2026-02-26|language=en}}</ref> (120th) |population_estimate_year = 1 January 2026 |population_census = 5,214,890<ref name=2015census>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/aar |title=Population, 1 January 2015 |publisher=Statistics Norway|accessdate=18 January 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125165946/http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/aar |archivedate=25 January 2016}}</ref> |population_census_year = 2015 |population_density_km2 = 14.6 |population_density_sq_mi = 38 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 213t |GDP_PPP_year = 2017 |GDP_PPP = $377.1 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |title=Norway |publisher=International Monetary Fund |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=52&pr.y=9&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=142&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = 46t |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $70,665<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 4t |GDP_nominal = $391.959 billion<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_rank = 22nd |GDP_nominal_year = 2017 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $73,450<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 3rd |Gini_year = 2014 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->increase |Gini = 23.5 <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|publisher=Eurostat Data Explorer|accessdate=4 December 2015}}</ref> |Gini_rank = 1st |HDI_year = 2022 <!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.966 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP2023">{{Cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-indexindicies/HDI|title=2022 Human Development Index Ranking|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|date=2023-03-13|accessdate=2024-03-16|language=en}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 2nd |currency = [[Norse krone]] |currency_code = NOK |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |date_format = dd.mm.yyyy |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Norawa|+47]] |cctld = [[.no]]^c |footnote_a = Includes [[Svalbard an Jan Mayen]]. (Withoot thir twae auries, the aurie o Norway is 323,802 km{{smallsup|2}}, placin it 67t in the warld.<ref name="CIA, List of states for area">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html |author=Central Intelligence Agency |work=The World Factbook |title=Area |accessdate=20 June 2013 |archive-date=2014-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131115000/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>) |footnote_b = This percentage is for the mainland, Svalbard, an Jan Mayen. This percentage coonts glaciers as "laund". It's calculatit as 19,940.14/(365,246.17+19,940.14).<ref name="kart_2019" /> |footnote_c = Twa mair TLDs hae been assigned, but are nae used: [[.sj]] for Svalbard an Jan Mayen; [[.bv]] for [[Bouvet Island]]. }} [[File:Map_Norway_political-geo.png|thumb|upright=1.24]] The '''Kinrick o Norawa''' or '''Norrowey''' (whiles cried '''Norseland''') is a [[Nordic kintras|Nordic kintra]] in the wastren pairt o the [[Scandinavian Hauf-island]]. Hit haes mairches wi [[Swaden]], [[Finland]] an [[Roushae|Roushie]], an its watters meets the watters o [[Denmark]] an the [[Unitit Kinrick]]. It haes a sair streekit shape an a lang strand alang the [[Atlantic Ocean|North Atlantic Ocean]], whaur Norawa's namely [[fjord]]s is fund. The nearby island launds o [[Svalbard]] an [[Jan Mayen]] is pairt o the kinrick o Norawa, an [[Bouvet Island]] in the Sooth Atlantic Ocean an [[Peter I Island]] in the Sooth [[Paceefic Ocean]] is Norse [[Dependent area|dependencies]], an isnae pairt o the kinrick. The naitional day o Norawa is 17t o Mey. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat|Norway|Norawa}} [[Category:Norawa| ]] [[Category:Kintras in Europe]] [[Category:Nordic kintras]] [[Category:Scandinavie]] [[Category:Northren Europe]] [[Category:Constitutional monarchies]] [[Category:Leeberal democracies]] [[Category:States an territories established in 872]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1905]] [[Category:Member states o NATO]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] [[Category:Germanic kintras an territories]] {{Stub/Norawa}} jjyy4my3snb2e451t6awjgg5wytz0dr 0 1703 920926 902382 2026-08-17T17:33:07Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ither uises}} The concept o '''leid''' is maist aften uised thir days as a synonym o '''langage''' an can be exponed in twa weys in modren Scots: * a wey o communicatin anent hings, acts an ideas, inspeciallie a national ane,<ref name="CSD">{{Cite book|title=Concise Scots Dictionary|publisher=Scottish Language Dictionaries|year=2017|pages=372}}</ref> * in the [[Doric]], it can mean a rame, i.e. a undevaulin or owerturnin owercome, or a lang randerin sonnet<ref name="CSD">{{Cite book|title=Concise Scots Dictionary|publisher=Scottish Language Dictionaries|year=2017|pages=372}}</ref> <!-- Langage can mean: * a wey o communicatin anent hings, acts an ideas * a set o meanins common tae sindry fowk * a teep o thocht * [[seembol]]s impleein actions or inactions But the foremaist meanin o '''leid''' is human langage. Some fowk says that [[ainimals]] haes leids or can be leart leids; ithers dinna gree wi this, an seys that "ainimal leids" isna complicate or meaninfu eneuch tae be cried "leids", or that thay dinna hae the [[grammar]] needit tae be thocht o as leids; this o coorse lippens on the defeneition o ''leid'' a bodie is wirkin wi. [[Mathaematics]] an [[computer science]] uises leids cried [[formal leid]]s (like computer [[programmin leid]]s). [[Mathematics]] itsel is conseidert a leid bi monie theorists. --> == See an aw == * [[Byleid]] * [[Leet o leids]] * [[Mither tongue]] * [[Orthography]] * [[Philology]] an [[Historical lingueistics]] * [[Philosophy o leid]] * [[Phonology]] * [[Psycholingueistics]] * [[Saicont leid]] * [[Sapir-Whorf hypothesis]] * [[Semantics]] == References == <references/> {{Commonscat|Language}}{{Stub/Leid}} [[Category:Leid|*]] e3gfgw3fds7v3xfiaq42tff1p68550y 0 2779 920973 904923 2026-08-17T18:40:16Z Cobra 3000 28371 Pit in new sections 920973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox television channel | name = Disney Channel | logofile = 2024 Disney Channel text logo.svg | launch = {{Start date and age|1983|04|18}} | network = | owner = [[Disney Channels Worldwide]] | picture format = [[720p]] [[HDTV]]<br>{{small|(downscaled tae [[letterbox]]ed [[480i]] for [[SDTV]]s)}} | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | broadcast area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Burbank, Californie]], [[Unitit States]] | former names = The Disney Channel {{small|(1983–97)}} | replaced names = | replaced by names = | sister names = {{ubl|[[Disney Junior]]|[[Disney XD]]}} | timeshift names = Disney Channel East<br>Disney Channel West | web = {{url|disneychannel.disney.com}} | sat serv 1 = [[DirecTV]] | sat chan 1 = Channel 290 (East; HD/SD)<br>Channel 291 (West; SD only)<br>Channel 1290 ([[Video on Demand|VOD]]) | sat serv 2 = [[Dish Network]] | sat chan 2 = Channel 172 (east; HD/SD)<br>Channel 173 (west; SD only) | sat serv 3 = [[C band (IEEE)|C-Band]] | sat chan 3 = Galaxy 14 – Channel 107 ([[Headend in the Sky|H2H]] 4DTV)<br>Galaxy 15 – Channel 7 ([[4DTV]] Digital) | cable serv 1 = Available on every American cable provider | cable chan 1 = Channel slots vary | iptv serv 1 = [[Verizon FiOS]] | iptv chan 1 = Channel 250 (SD)<br>Channel 780 (HD) | iptv serv 2 = [[AT&T U-verse]] | iptv chan 2 = Channel 302 (East; SD)<br>Channel 303 (West; SD only)<br>Channel 1303 (HD) | iptv serv 3 = [[Google Fiber]] | iptv chan 3 = Channel 427 (SD/HD) | online serv 1 = [[Sling TV]] | online chan 1 = [[IPTV|Internet protocol television]] | online serv 2 = [[DirecTV Now]] | online chan 2 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | online serv 3 = [[PlayStation Vue]] | online chan 3 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | online serv 4 = [[Hulu|Hulu Live TV]] | online chan 4 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | years_active =1983&ndash;present }} '''Disney Channel''' (oreeginally cried '''The Disney Channel''' frae 1983 tae 1997 an commonly shortened tae '''Disney''' frae 1997 tae 2002) is an American basic cable an satellite televeesion netwark that serves as the flagship property o owner Disney Channels televeesion Group, itself a unit o the Disney Media Networks division o [[The Walt Disney Company]]. Disney Channel's [[televeesion programme|programmin]] consists o oreeginal first-run [[childer's televeesion series|televeesion series]], theatrically released an oreeginal made-for-cable [[Film|movies]] an select ither third-party programmin. Disney Channel – which formerly operated as a premium service – oreeginally marketed its programs towards families durin the 1980s, an later at younger bairns bi the 2000s. A majority o Disney Channel's oreeginal programmin is aimed at bairns ages 9–16, while its Disney Junior programs are targeted at bairns 8 years an under. As o Januar 2016, Disney Channel is available tae approximately 93.9 million pay telly households (80.6% o households wi at least ane telly set) in the Unitit States.<ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|title=Cable Network Coverage Area Household Universe Estimates: January 2016|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|publisher=[[NewBay Media]]|date=Januar 31, 2016|accessdate=Februar 3, 2017|archive-date=2017-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202182549/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|url-status=dead}}</ref> == History == [[File:2010_Disney_Channel_logo.svg|left|thumb|150x150px|The 2010 logo uised for Disney Channel.]] Disney Channel lencht in the US as a premium channel at 7:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren US Time on the 18t Apryle 1983, unner the name '''The Disney Channel'''.<ref name="vernon">{{cite news|author=Vernon Scott|date=April 19, 1983|title=Disney invades cable TV|page=8|newspaper=[[TimesDaily]]|agency=[[United Press International]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&pg=1920,4087795&dq=disney-channel&hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517050808/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&pg=1920,4087795&dq=disney-channel&hl=en|archive-date=17 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Win Fanning|date=April 5, 1983|title=Mickey to star on Disney Channel|page=31|newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|publisher=[[Cox Enterprises]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&pg=7193,677930&dq=good+morning+mickey&hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518060259/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&pg=7193,677930&dq=good+morning+mickey&hl=en|archive-date=18 May 2022}}</ref> The channel wis developed wi a haun frae its foondin preses Alan Wagner, an the launch of its faimily-orientit cable channel wis annooncit formal-like in early 1983. The channel – thit stairtit wi a 16-oor-a-day programmin schedule frae 7:00&nbsp;a.m. til 11:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren an Paceefic US Time – wad stairt tae be available on cable providers in aw 50 U.S. statesbi September 1983, an accressit a base o mair nor 611,000 subscriber bi Disember that year.<ref name="vernon" />{{sfn|Grover|1991|p=148}}<ref name="ks">{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|date=April 1, 1998|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|newspaper=KidScreen.com|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=30 June 2017}}</ref> In October 1983, the channel pit oot its first made-for-cable film, ''Tiger Town'', thit haed earned the channel a CableACE Award.<ref name="ks" /> The channel haed become profitable bi Januar 1985, wi its programmin raxin 1.75&nbsp;million subscriber bi that pynt. In September 1990, TCI's [[Montgomery, Alabama]] seestem became the first cable provider tae cairy the channel as a basic cable service.<ref name="ks" /> Atweesh 1991 an 1996, a steadily heezin nummer o cable providers stairtit shiftin The Disney Channel frae a premium eik-on offerin tae thair basic tiers, aither as an experiment or fou-time; hounaiver, Walt Disney Company executives put doun ony plans tae convert the channel intae an ad-supportit basic service, statin thit the premium-to-basic shifts on some providers wis pairt o a five-year "hybrid" strategy thit alloued providers tae offer the channel in either manner.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 25, 1991|title=Jones to offer Disney on basic tier in Fla.|periodical=[[Multichannel News]]|publisher=[[Reed Business Information|Cahners Business Information]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034122/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref><ref name="highbeam1991">{{cite news|date=September 30, 1991|title=More systems trying Disney on expanded basic|periodical=Multichannel News|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034253/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=May 27, 1996|title=Marcus moves Disney; Marcus Cable makes The Disney Channel part of its basic service; analysts wonder if Disney is planning major changes|periodical=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034330/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> On the 6t Apryle, 1997, the channel officially rebrandit as '''Disney Channel''', awtho it wis occasionally mercatit as just "'''Disney'''" frae 1997 til 2002. == Programming == === Film librar === televeesion films hiv been produced for braidcast on Disney Channel an aw, frae its lench unner the ''Disney Channel Premiere Films'' banner, wi the first film lowsed bein ''Tiger Town'' in 1983, until October 1997. That wis whan thay stappit uisin the "Premiere Films" label an renamed it tae the "Disney Channel Original Movies" (DCOM; Scots: Disney Channel Oreeginal Films) efterwids. The first film to be lowsed unner the Disney Channel Original Movie category wis ''Under Wraps'', a Hallae E'en themed film thit aired for the first time on Disney Channel on the 15t October, 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815213719/https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=15 August 2022|access-date=2023-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What Is The Best Disney Channel Original Movie Of All Time? Vote Now|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201151928/https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=MTV|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Disney Channel Premiere Films|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150424/https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Under Wraps (television)|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}</ref> The maist successfu oreeginal film unner the banner in terms o popularity an accolades is ''High School Musical 2'', debuted on the 17t August, 2007, tae 17.2 million viewer an set a current langstaunin record for the heichest-ratit televeesion premiere in the history o the channel.<ref name="variety">{{cite news|author=Rick Kissell|author2=Michael Schneider|date=August 18, 2007|title='High School Musical 2' huge hit|periodical=Variety|publisher=Reed Business Information|url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/high-school-musical-2-aces-test-1117970479/|url-status=live|access-date=August 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823105546/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117970479.html?categoryid=14&cs=1|archive-date=23 August 2007}}</ref> Efter ''High School Musical 2'', the film thit haed the seicont heichest-ratit Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premiere wis ''Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie'', follaed bi ''Camp Rock'', ''[[Descendants 2]]'', ''Princess Protection Program'', ''Teen Beach Movie'', an ''Jump In!''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Highest-Rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) Premieres|url=https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=List Challenges}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Crupi|first=Anthony|date=August 31, 2009|title=Disney's 'Wizards' Conjures Up 11.4 Million Viewers|url=https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=www.adweek.com|language=en-US}}</ref> It set a basic cable record for the single maist-watched televeesion program an aw, until 3rd Disember, 2007, whan corporate sister channel, [[ESPN]], surpassed it wi the telecast o an [[National Football League|NFL]] gemm atweesh the [[New England Patriots]] an Baltimore Ravens on its ''Monday Night Football'' programme bi 0.3 million viewer mair (17.5 million viewer). ''The Cheetah Girls'' media franchise wis notably successfu an aw in terms o merchandise an sales for its concert tours an soondtrack albums. Its debut film frae 2003, bein the first Disney Channel oreeginal musical televeesion film, premiered tae ower 84 million global viewer an its sequel premiered tae 8.1 million American viewer an in the process became the maist successfu oot o the film series. An 86-date concert tour featurin the eponymous girl group wis rankit as ane o the top 10 concert tour in 2006, smashin the record at the Houston Rodeo previously set bi [[Elvis Presley]] in 1973, selling out with 73,500 tickets in three minutes at one point. In addeetion tae its oreeginal televeesion films, Disney Channel haes richts tae theatrically lowsed feature films, wi some film richts shared wi thair sister network, Freeform. Alangside films lowsed bi [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (mainly made up wi lowswins frae [[Walt Disney Pictures]], Walt Disney Animation Studios an Pixar), the channel hauds the richts tae films frae ither studios an aw. Some films lowsed bi ''Bagdasarian Productions'' (sic as ''The Chipmunk Adventure'' an ''Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein'') hiv aired on Disney Channel an aw, awtho maist o thaim arnae awnt bi ony o the Walt Disney Company's diveesions the nou. === Programmin blocks === ==== Current ==== * '''Disney Jr.''' – A weekday morning block o preschool programmin frae Disney Jr. (Disney Junior prior tae Juin 2024) It debuted on the 14t Februar, 2011, efter the closure o Playhouse Disney; In Juin 2020, [[Mickey Mouse]]-hostit [[Continuity (broadcasting)|continuity]] segments brandit as "Mickey Mornings" war lencht, replacin the previous "Disney Junior on Disney Channel" brandin.<ref>{{cite web|last=Deitchman|first=Beth|date=June 2020|title=How Mickey Mouse is Making Mornings More Magical for Families|url=http://www.d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030190016/https://d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|archive-date=30 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|website=D23 press release}}</ref> The Mickey Mornings brandin wis quietly phased oot in November 2025, revertin back tae the Disney Jr. brandin, follaed bi the interstitials in Disember. ==== Umwhile ==== * '''Disney Nighttime''' (Disney Nichttime) – As '''The Disney Channel''' as a premium channel frae its lench until the 6t Apryle 1997, this block featurt programmin aimed at aulder parental audiences durin the evenin an owernicht oors unner the banner teetle "Disney Nighttime". The content seen in these blocks wis devoid o sexual an violent content. Programmin seen durin Disney Nighttime includit aulder featur films (seemilar tae the yins seen at the time on American Movie Classics, an Turner Classic Movies eventual-like, wi baith Disney film teetles an films frae ither film studios mixed in), alangside oreeginal concert specials (featurin airtists rangin frae [[Rick Springfield]] tae [[Jon Secada]] tae [[Elton John]]), variety specials an documentaries.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} * '''The Magical World of Disney''' (The Magical Warld o Disney) – uised as a Sunday nicht umbrella for films an specials on The Disney Channel frae the 23rd September 1990 til the 24t November 1996, oreeginally airin exclusively on Sunday evenins at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 8, no. 4 (typo in the magazine: should be "no. 5"), September/October 1990: pp. 24, 51.</ref> Frae the 1st Disember 1996, until 2001, ''The Magical World of Disney'' served as the oweraw brandin for Disney Channel's nichtly evenin lineup o films stairtin at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. * '''The American Legacy''' – ran on Tuesday evenins at 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 7t Januar 1992, til the 27t August 1996. Oreeginally lenched in honour o the 500t anniversary o the diskivery o the Unitit States,<ref>{{cite web|title=IN CELEBRATION OF THE 500th BIRTHDAY OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA, THE DISNEY CHANNEL PRESENTS 'THE AMERICAN LEGACY'|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224735/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=28 March 2014|work=The Free Library}}</ref> the block featurt films, documentaries an specials aboot the contributions, history an scenic wonders o the nation. * '''Toonin' Tuesday''' – Rinnin frae the 5t October 1993, til the 27t August 1996, "Toonin' Tuesday" wis a weekly program block featurin a nummer o animatit programs. Ivery Tuesday frae 6:00 tae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific,<ref name="October/November 1993">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 40.</ref> "Toonin' Tuesday" featurt primarily animatit films an specials (awtho reruns o ''The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show'' sometimes aired as pairt o the block an aw).<ref name="October/November 1993" /> The block ended on the 27t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 27.</ref><ref name="August/September 1996">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: p. 29.</ref> * '''Bonus! Thursday''' – Frae the 7t October 1993 til the 29t August 1996, The Disney Channel ran a weekly program block cried "Bonus! Thursday" (or "Bonus!" for short), thit ran ivery Thursday frae 5:00 til 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref name="October/November 1993 TWO">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 33, 40.</ref><ref name="December 1993/January 1994">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 1, December 1993/January 1994: pp. 28, 43.</ref> The block featurt programs aimed at teenagers, includin series sic as ''Kids Incorporated'', ''The All-New Mickey Mouse Club'', a nummer o ''Mickey Mouse Club'' serials (includin ''Teen Angel'' an ''Match Point''), an ''Eerie Indiana'', follaed bi films an specials.<ref name="October/November 1993 TWO" /><ref name="December 1993/January 1994" /> The block endit on the 29t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996" /><ref name="August/September 1996" /> * '''Totally Kids Only''' ("TKO"; Scots: Totally Kids Anely) – an efternoon lineup o live-action an animated series introduced in 1992,<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3 (typo in the magazine: should be "no. 2"), April/May 1996: p. 26.</ref> thit became the oweraw brandin for the channel's daytime children's programs frae 1995 til 1996. * '''Triple Feature Friday''' (Treeple Featur Friday) – ran ivery Friday stairtin at 5:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1993 til the 30t Mey 1997, featurt three separate films – sometimes regairdless o each film's genre – thit war tied tae a speceefic subject<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 58.</ref> * '''Disney Drive-In''' – ran ivery Saturday stairtin at 1:30&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1994 til the 31st August 1996, featurt Disney series sic as ''Zorro'', ''Texas John Slaughter'' an ''Spin and Marty'', follaed bi Disney films an specials<ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 6, October/November 1994: pp. 36, 42.</ref> The block endit on the 31st August 1996 due tae chynges in the channel's schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996: p. 26">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 26.</ref><ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 28, 40, 48–49.</ref> * '''Block Party''' (Block pairty) – Frae the 2nt October 1995 til the 28t August 1996, fower animatit series thit previously aired in syndication on ''The Disney Afternoon'' (''Darkwing Duck'', ''TaleSpin'', ''DuckTales'' an ''Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers'') war rerin thegether on The Disney Channel as a twa-oor programmin block cried "Block Party", thit aired on weekdays frae 5:00 til 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref>"Block Party: Four Disney Animated Series". ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 13, no. 5, October/November 1995: p. 36.</ref> The "Block Party" brandin wis drappit on the 3rd September 1996, whan ''Darkwing Duck'' wis tawn oot as the block's lead-in an ''[[Goof Troop]]'' wis eikit on tae end the lineup.<ref name="June/July 1996: p. 26" /><ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 25, 28, 34.</ref> This unnamed block continued tae air intae 1997.<ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 6, December 1996/January 1997: p. 28.</ref> * '''Magical World of Animals'''{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} (The Magical Warld o Animals) – an oor-lang block consisten o wildlife series aimed at childer thit ran frae August 1997 til 1999. Promotit as an affshoot o the ''Magical World of Disney'' an airin Sunday evenins frae 7:00 til 8:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren Time, the block consistit o twa series: ''Going Wild with Jeff Corwin'' an ''Omba Mokomba''.<ref name="ks2" /> * '''Vault Disney''' – premiered in September 1997,<ref name="ks2" /><ref name="highbeam1997">{{cite news|date=September 9, 1997|title=Television News & Notes|newspaper=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|publisher=[[North Jersey Media Group]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034132/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> five month efter Disney Channel's first major rebrand, replacin the Disney Nighttime lineup. Oreeginally anely airin on Sunday nichts frae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time,<ref name="ks2" /> Vault Disney expandit til seven nicht a week in September 1998 (the Monday til Saturday edeetions o the block at this time aired frae 11:00&nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific; the stairt time o the block as a hale wis muived consistent-like tae midnight daily in September 1999). The vintage programmin featurt durin the late-nicht schedule chynged tae feature anenly Disney-produced televeesion series an specials (sic as ''Zorro'', ''Spin and Marty'', ''The Mickey Mouse Club'' an the Walt Disney anthology televeesion series),<ref name="highbeam1997" /> alang wi aulder Disney televeesion specials. Aulder Disney feature films war pairt o the lineup frae 1997 til 2000 an aw, but aired in a reduced capacity. The block featurt ''The Ink and Paint Club'' an aw, thit's an anthology series featurin Disney animatit shorts, thit became the anely remeenin program on the channel tae feature these shorts bi 1999, efter the remuival o ''Quack Pack'' frae the schedule. The channel discontinued the block in September 2002, in favor o rInnin rerIns o its oreeginal an acquired series durin the late evenin an owernicht oors (thit compared tae the adult-focused ''Vault Disney'', are aimed at childer an teenagers, an audience thit is teepically asleep durin that time period). * '''Zoog Disney''' – lenchit in August 1998,{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} a program block that oreeginally anely aired on weekend efternoons frae 4:00&nbsp;p.m. til 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. The hosts for the block war "Zoogs", whit are animatit anthropomorphic robot/ootlin creatur-hybrid chairacters wi human vyces (some o thaim acted like teenagers). The block unified televeesion and the Internet, allouin viewer comments an scores frae players o ZoogDisney.com's online gemms tae be aired on the channel durin regular programmin in a ticker format (thit the channel continued tae use efter the block was discontinued, hounaiver, the ticker haes been aw but completely drappit frae on-air usage {{as of|May 2010|lc=y}}).<ref name="highbeam1998">{{cite news|date=December 26, 1998|title=Digital L.A. : Truly It's All Happening at the Zoog|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|publisher=[[Times Mirror Company]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034114/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> Frae Juin 2000 til August 2002, the efternoon an primetime lineups on Fridays, Seturdays, and Sundays war branded under the umbrella teetle "Zoog Weekendz". The Zoogs war redesigned wi cel shading an war gieymature vyces in 2000. The hale Zoog Disney block wis phased oot bi September 2002.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Blue|first=Morgan Genevieve|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-FBDgAAQBAJ&q=programming+blocks+of+disney+channel&pg=PT29|title=Girlhood on Disney Channel: Branding, Celebrity, and Femininity|date=2017-03-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317365051|language=en}}</ref> * '''Disney Replay''' – "Disney Replay" wis a block that premiered on the 17t Apryle 2013, featurin episodes frae defunct Disney Channel Original Series thit premiered frae 2000 til 2007 (sic as ''Lizzie McGuire'', ''That's So Raven, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody'' an ''[[Hannah Montana]]'').<ref>{{cite magazine|title='So Weird', 'That's So Raven,' and other shows we want to see on Disney Replay|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|last=Caldwell|first=Sarah|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=April 17, 2013|access-date=August 7, 2014}}</ref> Airin Wadnesday nichts/early Thursday mornins (as a nod tae the popular social media trend "Throwback Thursday"), orrrginally frae 12:00 til 1:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time, the block expandit tae sax oors (rinnin until 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific) on the 14t August 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rack|first=Lori|date=August 20, 2014|title=Disney Channel's expanded replay block here to stay|newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times|Voices]]|url=http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|url-status=dead|access-date=August 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120422/http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|archive-date=August 26, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Programs featurt on Disney Replay war eikit ontae the WATCH Disney Channel service on August 16, 2014. The block wis discontinued on the 28t Apryle 2016, an muived tae Freeform wi a new name: That's So Throwback. * '''Disney XD on Disney Channel''' – "Disney XD on Disney Channel" is the umwhile brandin o twa blocks airin on Friday an Seturday nichts; an animatit block airin Fridays frae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. til 10:00&nbsp;p.m., braidcast series mainly exclusive tae Disney XD sic as ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'', ''Star vs. the Forces of Evil'', ''Milo Murphy's Law'', an ''DuckTales'', an a live-action block airin on Seturdays frae 10:00&nbsp;p.m. til 11:00&nbsp;p.m., airin series ci as ''MECH-X4'' an ''Walk the Prank''. It wis discontinued as Disney XD's carriage became equivalent tae that o Disney Channel. === Bumpers === Atweesh ordinar scheduled programmin an advertisement breaks, Disney Channel features bumpers. The creautor o the fower-note mnemonic introducit for the channel in 2002, wis relatively unkent until being identified as Alex Lasarenko, thit haed wirked wi Tonal Sound and Elias Arts an aw, bi [[YouTube]] documentary channel ''Defunctland'' in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Burlingame|first=Russ|date=2022-11-21|title=Defunctland Has Solved A Wild Disney Channel Mystery|url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/defunctland-has-solved-a-wild-disney-channel-mystery/|access-date=2025-12-03|website=ComicBook.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === Sports === For a period, [[ESPN]]'s braidcasts o the Little League World Series [[basebaw]] tournament frequently featurt cross-promotion wi music-relatit Disney Channel properties, wi past editions hivin featurt collaborations wi ''High School Musical'', the [[Jonas Brothers]], ''Camp Rock'', an ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hudak|first=Kristen|date=2012-08-14|title=Band 1985's Summer Forever is Little League World Series' theme|url=https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043106/https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=ESPN Front Row|language=en-US}}</ref> In Mairch 2023, Disney Channel braidcast a live perfaisonal sportin event for the first time, carryin a youth-orientit alternate braidcast o a [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) gemm—kent as the ''Big City Greens Classic—''as piart o ESPN's kivverage o the league. The braidcast wis themed aroond the Disney Channel animatit series ''Big City Greens'', visualisin data frae the league's player an puck trackin seestem wi 3D animatit players.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=2023-02-14|title=Disney Will Animate ESPN Coverage for Disney Channel to Get Kids Into Hockey|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320135819/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|archive-date=20 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rangers, Capitals in 'Big City Greens' Classic on ESPN, Disney Channel|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney--341043372|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050903/https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney-channel/c-341043372|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-02-15|website=NHL.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dachman|first=Jason|date=2023-03-14|title=ESPN, Disney Take Next Tech Leap in Kids-Focused Broadcast With Live, Animated 'NHL Big City Greens Classic'|url=https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043058/https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Sports Video Group|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Stub/Televeesion}} [[Category:1983 establishments]] [[Category:Televeesion networks]] dxa5x4653m3tj8gboa2e0uo57ob1pfr 920975 920973 2026-08-17T18:40:49Z Cobra 3000 28371 /* Programming */ Spellin fix 920975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox television channel | name = Disney Channel | logofile = 2024 Disney Channel text logo.svg | launch = {{Start date and age|1983|04|18}} | network = | owner = [[Disney Channels Worldwide]] | picture format = [[720p]] [[HDTV]]<br>{{small|(downscaled tae [[letterbox]]ed [[480i]] for [[SDTV]]s)}} | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | broadcast area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Burbank, Californie]], [[Unitit States]] | former names = The Disney Channel {{small|(1983–97)}} | replaced names = | replaced by names = | sister names = {{ubl|[[Disney Junior]]|[[Disney XD]]}} | timeshift names = Disney Channel East<br>Disney Channel West | web = {{url|disneychannel.disney.com}} | sat serv 1 = [[DirecTV]] | sat chan 1 = Channel 290 (East; HD/SD)<br>Channel 291 (West; SD only)<br>Channel 1290 ([[Video on Demand|VOD]]) | sat serv 2 = [[Dish Network]] | sat chan 2 = Channel 172 (east; HD/SD)<br>Channel 173 (west; SD only) | sat serv 3 = [[C band (IEEE)|C-Band]] | sat chan 3 = Galaxy 14 – Channel 107 ([[Headend in the Sky|H2H]] 4DTV)<br>Galaxy 15 – Channel 7 ([[4DTV]] Digital) | cable serv 1 = Available on every American cable provider | cable chan 1 = Channel slots vary | iptv serv 1 = [[Verizon FiOS]] | iptv chan 1 = Channel 250 (SD)<br>Channel 780 (HD) | iptv serv 2 = [[AT&T U-verse]] | iptv chan 2 = Channel 302 (East; SD)<br>Channel 303 (West; SD only)<br>Channel 1303 (HD) | iptv serv 3 = [[Google Fiber]] | iptv chan 3 = Channel 427 (SD/HD) | online serv 1 = [[Sling TV]] | online chan 1 = [[IPTV|Internet protocol television]] | online serv 2 = [[DirecTV Now]] | online chan 2 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | online serv 3 = [[PlayStation Vue]] | online chan 3 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | online serv 4 = [[Hulu|Hulu Live TV]] | online chan 4 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | years_active =1983&ndash;present }} '''Disney Channel''' (oreeginally cried '''The Disney Channel''' frae 1983 tae 1997 an commonly shortened tae '''Disney''' frae 1997 tae 2002) is an American basic cable an satellite televeesion netwark that serves as the flagship property o owner Disney Channels televeesion Group, itself a unit o the Disney Media Networks division o [[The Walt Disney Company]]. Disney Channel's [[televeesion programme|programmin]] consists o oreeginal first-run [[childer's televeesion series|televeesion series]], theatrically released an oreeginal made-for-cable [[Film|movies]] an select ither third-party programmin. Disney Channel – which formerly operated as a premium service – oreeginally marketed its programs towards families durin the 1980s, an later at younger bairns bi the 2000s. A majority o Disney Channel's oreeginal programmin is aimed at bairns ages 9–16, while its Disney Junior programs are targeted at bairns 8 years an under. As o Januar 2016, Disney Channel is available tae approximately 93.9 million pay telly households (80.6% o households wi at least ane telly set) in the Unitit States.<ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|title=Cable Network Coverage Area Household Universe Estimates: January 2016|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|publisher=[[NewBay Media]]|date=Januar 31, 2016|accessdate=Februar 3, 2017|archive-date=2017-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202182549/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|url-status=dead}}</ref> == History == [[File:2010_Disney_Channel_logo.svg|left|thumb|150x150px|The 2010 logo uised for Disney Channel.]] Disney Channel lencht in the US as a premium channel at 7:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren US Time on the 18t Apryle 1983, unner the name '''The Disney Channel'''.<ref name="vernon">{{cite news|author=Vernon Scott|date=April 19, 1983|title=Disney invades cable TV|page=8|newspaper=[[TimesDaily]]|agency=[[United Press International]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&pg=1920,4087795&dq=disney-channel&hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517050808/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&pg=1920,4087795&dq=disney-channel&hl=en|archive-date=17 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Win Fanning|date=April 5, 1983|title=Mickey to star on Disney Channel|page=31|newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|publisher=[[Cox Enterprises]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&pg=7193,677930&dq=good+morning+mickey&hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518060259/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&pg=7193,677930&dq=good+morning+mickey&hl=en|archive-date=18 May 2022}}</ref> The channel wis developed wi a haun frae its foondin preses Alan Wagner, an the launch of its faimily-orientit cable channel wis annooncit formal-like in early 1983. The channel – thit stairtit wi a 16-oor-a-day programmin schedule frae 7:00&nbsp;a.m. til 11:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren an Paceefic US Time – wad stairt tae be available on cable providers in aw 50 U.S. statesbi September 1983, an accressit a base o mair nor 611,000 subscriber bi Disember that year.<ref name="vernon" />{{sfn|Grover|1991|p=148}}<ref name="ks">{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|date=April 1, 1998|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|newspaper=KidScreen.com|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=30 June 2017}}</ref> In October 1983, the channel pit oot its first made-for-cable film, ''Tiger Town'', thit haed earned the channel a CableACE Award.<ref name="ks" /> The channel haed become profitable bi Januar 1985, wi its programmin raxin 1.75&nbsp;million subscriber bi that pynt. In September 1990, TCI's [[Montgomery, Alabama]] seestem became the first cable provider tae cairy the channel as a basic cable service.<ref name="ks" /> Atweesh 1991 an 1996, a steadily heezin nummer o cable providers stairtit shiftin The Disney Channel frae a premium eik-on offerin tae thair basic tiers, aither as an experiment or fou-time; hounaiver, Walt Disney Company executives put doun ony plans tae convert the channel intae an ad-supportit basic service, statin thit the premium-to-basic shifts on some providers wis pairt o a five-year "hybrid" strategy thit alloued providers tae offer the channel in either manner.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 25, 1991|title=Jones to offer Disney on basic tier in Fla.|periodical=[[Multichannel News]]|publisher=[[Reed Business Information|Cahners Business Information]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034122/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref><ref name="highbeam1991">{{cite news|date=September 30, 1991|title=More systems trying Disney on expanded basic|periodical=Multichannel News|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034253/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=May 27, 1996|title=Marcus moves Disney; Marcus Cable makes The Disney Channel part of its basic service; analysts wonder if Disney is planning major changes|periodical=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034330/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> On the 6t Apryle, 1997, the channel officially rebrandit as '''Disney Channel''', awtho it wis occasionally mercatit as just "'''Disney'''" frae 1997 til 2002. == Programmin == === Film librar === televeesion films hiv been produced for braidcast on Disney Channel an aw, frae its lench unner the ''Disney Channel Premiere Films'' banner, wi the first film lowsed bein ''Tiger Town'' in 1983, until October 1997. That wis whan thay stappit uisin the "Premiere Films" label an renamed it tae the "Disney Channel Original Movies" (DCOM; Scots: Disney Channel Oreeginal Films) efterwids. The first film to be lowsed unner the Disney Channel Original Movie category wis ''Under Wraps'', a Hallae E'en themed film thit aired for the first time on Disney Channel on the 15t October, 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815213719/https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=15 August 2022|access-date=2023-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What Is The Best Disney Channel Original Movie Of All Time? Vote Now|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201151928/https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=MTV|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Disney Channel Premiere Films|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150424/https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Under Wraps (television)|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}</ref> The maist successfu oreeginal film unner the banner in terms o popularity an accolades is ''High School Musical 2'', debuted on the 17t August, 2007, tae 17.2 million viewer an set a current langstaunin record for the heichest-ratit televeesion premiere in the history o the channel.<ref name="variety">{{cite news|author=Rick Kissell|author2=Michael Schneider|date=August 18, 2007|title='High School Musical 2' huge hit|periodical=Variety|publisher=Reed Business Information|url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/high-school-musical-2-aces-test-1117970479/|url-status=live|access-date=August 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823105546/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117970479.html?categoryid=14&cs=1|archive-date=23 August 2007}}</ref> Efter ''High School Musical 2'', the film thit haed the seicont heichest-ratit Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premiere wis ''Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie'', follaed bi ''Camp Rock'', ''[[Descendants 2]]'', ''Princess Protection Program'', ''Teen Beach Movie'', an ''Jump In!''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Highest-Rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) Premieres|url=https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=List Challenges}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Crupi|first=Anthony|date=August 31, 2009|title=Disney's 'Wizards' Conjures Up 11.4 Million Viewers|url=https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=www.adweek.com|language=en-US}}</ref> It set a basic cable record for the single maist-watched televeesion program an aw, until 3rd Disember, 2007, whan corporate sister channel, [[ESPN]], surpassed it wi the telecast o an [[National Football League|NFL]] gemm atweesh the [[New England Patriots]] an Baltimore Ravens on its ''Monday Night Football'' programme bi 0.3 million viewer mair (17.5 million viewer). ''The Cheetah Girls'' media franchise wis notably successfu an aw in terms o merchandise an sales for its concert tours an soondtrack albums. Its debut film frae 2003, bein the first Disney Channel oreeginal musical televeesion film, premiered tae ower 84 million global viewer an its sequel premiered tae 8.1 million American viewer an in the process became the maist successfu oot o the film series. An 86-date concert tour featurin the eponymous girl group wis rankit as ane o the top 10 concert tour in 2006, smashin the record at the Houston Rodeo previously set bi [[Elvis Presley]] in 1973, selling out with 73,500 tickets in three minutes at one point. In addeetion tae its oreeginal televeesion films, Disney Channel haes richts tae theatrically lowsed feature films, wi some film richts shared wi thair sister network, Freeform. Alangside films lowsed bi [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (mainly made up wi lowswins frae [[Walt Disney Pictures]], Walt Disney Animation Studios an Pixar), the channel hauds the richts tae films frae ither studios an aw. Some films lowsed bi ''Bagdasarian Productions'' (sic as ''The Chipmunk Adventure'' an ''Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein'') hiv aired on Disney Channel an aw, awtho maist o thaim arnae awnt bi ony o the Walt Disney Company's diveesions the nou. === Programmin blocks === ==== Current ==== * '''Disney Jr.''' – A weekday morning block o preschool programmin frae Disney Jr. (Disney Junior prior tae Juin 2024) It debuted on the 14t Februar, 2011, efter the closure o Playhouse Disney; In Juin 2020, [[Mickey Mouse]]-hostit [[Continuity (broadcasting)|continuity]] segments brandit as "Mickey Mornings" war lencht, replacin the previous "Disney Junior on Disney Channel" brandin.<ref>{{cite web|last=Deitchman|first=Beth|date=June 2020|title=How Mickey Mouse is Making Mornings More Magical for Families|url=http://www.d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030190016/https://d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|archive-date=30 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|website=D23 press release}}</ref> The Mickey Mornings brandin wis quietly phased oot in November 2025, revertin back tae the Disney Jr. brandin, follaed bi the interstitials in Disember. ==== Umwhile ==== * '''Disney Nighttime''' (Disney Nichttime) – As '''The Disney Channel''' as a premium channel frae its lench until the 6t Apryle 1997, this block featurt programmin aimed at aulder parental audiences durin the evenin an owernicht oors unner the banner teetle "Disney Nighttime". The content seen in these blocks wis devoid o sexual an violent content. Programmin seen durin Disney Nighttime includit aulder featur films (seemilar tae the yins seen at the time on American Movie Classics, an Turner Classic Movies eventual-like, wi baith Disney film teetles an films frae ither film studios mixed in), alangside oreeginal concert specials (featurin airtists rangin frae [[Rick Springfield]] tae [[Jon Secada]] tae [[Elton John]]), variety specials an documentaries.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} * '''The Magical World of Disney''' (The Magical Warld o Disney) – uised as a Sunday nicht umbrella for films an specials on The Disney Channel frae the 23rd September 1990 til the 24t November 1996, oreeginally airin exclusively on Sunday evenins at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 8, no. 4 (typo in the magazine: should be "no. 5"), September/October 1990: pp. 24, 51.</ref> Frae the 1st Disember 1996, until 2001, ''The Magical World of Disney'' served as the oweraw brandin for Disney Channel's nichtly evenin lineup o films stairtin at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. * '''The American Legacy''' – ran on Tuesday evenins at 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 7t Januar 1992, til the 27t August 1996. Oreeginally lenched in honour o the 500t anniversary o the diskivery o the Unitit States,<ref>{{cite web|title=IN CELEBRATION OF THE 500th BIRTHDAY OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA, THE DISNEY CHANNEL PRESENTS 'THE AMERICAN LEGACY'|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224735/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=28 March 2014|work=The Free Library}}</ref> the block featurt films, documentaries an specials aboot the contributions, history an scenic wonders o the nation. * '''Toonin' Tuesday''' – Rinnin frae the 5t October 1993, til the 27t August 1996, "Toonin' Tuesday" wis a weekly program block featurin a nummer o animatit programs. Ivery Tuesday frae 6:00 tae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific,<ref name="October/November 1993">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 40.</ref> "Toonin' Tuesday" featurt primarily animatit films an specials (awtho reruns o ''The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show'' sometimes aired as pairt o the block an aw).<ref name="October/November 1993" /> The block ended on the 27t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 27.</ref><ref name="August/September 1996">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: p. 29.</ref> * '''Bonus! Thursday''' – Frae the 7t October 1993 til the 29t August 1996, The Disney Channel ran a weekly program block cried "Bonus! Thursday" (or "Bonus!" for short), thit ran ivery Thursday frae 5:00 til 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref name="October/November 1993 TWO">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 33, 40.</ref><ref name="December 1993/January 1994">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 1, December 1993/January 1994: pp. 28, 43.</ref> The block featurt programs aimed at teenagers, includin series sic as ''Kids Incorporated'', ''The All-New Mickey Mouse Club'', a nummer o ''Mickey Mouse Club'' serials (includin ''Teen Angel'' an ''Match Point''), an ''Eerie Indiana'', follaed bi films an specials.<ref name="October/November 1993 TWO" /><ref name="December 1993/January 1994" /> The block endit on the 29t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996" /><ref name="August/September 1996" /> * '''Totally Kids Only''' ("TKO"; Scots: Totally Kids Anely) – an efternoon lineup o live-action an animated series introduced in 1992,<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3 (typo in the magazine: should be "no. 2"), April/May 1996: p. 26.</ref> thit became the oweraw brandin for the channel's daytime children's programs frae 1995 til 1996. * '''Triple Feature Friday''' (Treeple Featur Friday) – ran ivery Friday stairtin at 5:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1993 til the 30t Mey 1997, featurt three separate films – sometimes regairdless o each film's genre – thit war tied tae a speceefic subject<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 58.</ref> * '''Disney Drive-In''' – ran ivery Saturday stairtin at 1:30&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1994 til the 31st August 1996, featurt Disney series sic as ''Zorro'', ''Texas John Slaughter'' an ''Spin and Marty'', follaed bi Disney films an specials<ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 6, October/November 1994: pp. 36, 42.</ref> The block endit on the 31st August 1996 due tae chynges in the channel's schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996: p. 26">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 26.</ref><ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 28, 40, 48–49.</ref> * '''Block Party''' (Block pairty) – Frae the 2nt October 1995 til the 28t August 1996, fower animatit series thit previously aired in syndication on ''The Disney Afternoon'' (''Darkwing Duck'', ''TaleSpin'', ''DuckTales'' an ''Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers'') war rerin thegether on The Disney Channel as a twa-oor programmin block cried "Block Party", thit aired on weekdays frae 5:00 til 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref>"Block Party: Four Disney Animated Series". ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 13, no. 5, October/November 1995: p. 36.</ref> The "Block Party" brandin wis drappit on the 3rd September 1996, whan ''Darkwing Duck'' wis tawn oot as the block's lead-in an ''[[Goof Troop]]'' wis eikit on tae end the lineup.<ref name="June/July 1996: p. 26" /><ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 25, 28, 34.</ref> This unnamed block continued tae air intae 1997.<ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 6, December 1996/January 1997: p. 28.</ref> * '''Magical World of Animals'''{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} (The Magical Warld o Animals) – an oor-lang block consisten o wildlife series aimed at childer thit ran frae August 1997 til 1999. Promotit as an affshoot o the ''Magical World of Disney'' an airin Sunday evenins frae 7:00 til 8:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren Time, the block consistit o twa series: ''Going Wild with Jeff Corwin'' an ''Omba Mokomba''.<ref name="ks2" /> * '''Vault Disney''' – premiered in September 1997,<ref name="ks2" /><ref name="highbeam1997">{{cite news|date=September 9, 1997|title=Television News & Notes|newspaper=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|publisher=[[North Jersey Media Group]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034132/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> five month efter Disney Channel's first major rebrand, replacin the Disney Nighttime lineup. Oreeginally anely airin on Sunday nichts frae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time,<ref name="ks2" /> Vault Disney expandit til seven nicht a week in September 1998 (the Monday til Saturday edeetions o the block at this time aired frae 11:00&nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific; the stairt time o the block as a hale wis muived consistent-like tae midnight daily in September 1999). The vintage programmin featurt durin the late-nicht schedule chynged tae feature anenly Disney-produced televeesion series an specials (sic as ''Zorro'', ''Spin and Marty'', ''The Mickey Mouse Club'' an the Walt Disney anthology televeesion series),<ref name="highbeam1997" /> alang wi aulder Disney televeesion specials. Aulder Disney feature films war pairt o the lineup frae 1997 til 2000 an aw, but aired in a reduced capacity. The block featurt ''The Ink and Paint Club'' an aw, thit's an anthology series featurin Disney animatit shorts, thit became the anely remeenin program on the channel tae feature these shorts bi 1999, efter the remuival o ''Quack Pack'' frae the schedule. The channel discontinued the block in September 2002, in favor o rInnin rerIns o its oreeginal an acquired series durin the late evenin an owernicht oors (thit compared tae the adult-focused ''Vault Disney'', are aimed at childer an teenagers, an audience thit is teepically asleep durin that time period). * '''Zoog Disney''' – lenchit in August 1998,{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} a program block that oreeginally anely aired on weekend efternoons frae 4:00&nbsp;p.m. til 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. The hosts for the block war "Zoogs", whit are animatit anthropomorphic robot/ootlin creatur-hybrid chairacters wi human vyces (some o thaim acted like teenagers). The block unified televeesion and the Internet, allouin viewer comments an scores frae players o ZoogDisney.com's online gemms tae be aired on the channel durin regular programmin in a ticker format (thit the channel continued tae use efter the block was discontinued, hounaiver, the ticker haes been aw but completely drappit frae on-air usage {{as of|May 2010|lc=y}}).<ref name="highbeam1998">{{cite news|date=December 26, 1998|title=Digital L.A. : Truly It's All Happening at the Zoog|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|publisher=[[Times Mirror Company]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034114/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> Frae Juin 2000 til August 2002, the efternoon an primetime lineups on Fridays, Seturdays, and Sundays war branded under the umbrella teetle "Zoog Weekendz". The Zoogs war redesigned wi cel shading an war gieymature vyces in 2000. The hale Zoog Disney block wis phased oot bi September 2002.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Blue|first=Morgan Genevieve|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-FBDgAAQBAJ&q=programming+blocks+of+disney+channel&pg=PT29|title=Girlhood on Disney Channel: Branding, Celebrity, and Femininity|date=2017-03-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317365051|language=en}}</ref> * '''Disney Replay''' – "Disney Replay" wis a block that premiered on the 17t Apryle 2013, featurin episodes frae defunct Disney Channel Original Series thit premiered frae 2000 til 2007 (sic as ''Lizzie McGuire'', ''That's So Raven, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody'' an ''[[Hannah Montana]]'').<ref>{{cite magazine|title='So Weird', 'That's So Raven,' and other shows we want to see on Disney Replay|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|last=Caldwell|first=Sarah|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=April 17, 2013|access-date=August 7, 2014}}</ref> Airin Wadnesday nichts/early Thursday mornins (as a nod tae the popular social media trend "Throwback Thursday"), orrrginally frae 12:00 til 1:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time, the block expandit tae sax oors (rinnin until 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific) on the 14t August 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rack|first=Lori|date=August 20, 2014|title=Disney Channel's expanded replay block here to stay|newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times|Voices]]|url=http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|url-status=dead|access-date=August 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120422/http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|archive-date=August 26, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Programs featurt on Disney Replay war eikit ontae the WATCH Disney Channel service on August 16, 2014. The block wis discontinued on the 28t Apryle 2016, an muived tae Freeform wi a new name: That's So Throwback. * '''Disney XD on Disney Channel''' – "Disney XD on Disney Channel" is the umwhile brandin o twa blocks airin on Friday an Seturday nichts; an animatit block airin Fridays frae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. til 10:00&nbsp;p.m., braidcast series mainly exclusive tae Disney XD sic as ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'', ''Star vs. the Forces of Evil'', ''Milo Murphy's Law'', an ''DuckTales'', an a live-action block airin on Seturdays frae 10:00&nbsp;p.m. til 11:00&nbsp;p.m., airin series ci as ''MECH-X4'' an ''Walk the Prank''. It wis discontinued as Disney XD's carriage became equivalent tae that o Disney Channel. === Bumpers === Atweesh ordinar scheduled programmin an advertisement breaks, Disney Channel features bumpers. The creautor o the fower-note mnemonic introducit for the channel in 2002, wis relatively unkent until being identified as Alex Lasarenko, thit haed wirked wi Tonal Sound and Elias Arts an aw, bi [[YouTube]] documentary channel ''Defunctland'' in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Burlingame|first=Russ|date=2022-11-21|title=Defunctland Has Solved A Wild Disney Channel Mystery|url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/defunctland-has-solved-a-wild-disney-channel-mystery/|access-date=2025-12-03|website=ComicBook.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === Sports === For a period, [[ESPN]]'s braidcasts o the Little League World Series [[basebaw]] tournament frequently featurt cross-promotion wi music-relatit Disney Channel properties, wi past editions hivin featurt collaborations wi ''High School Musical'', the [[Jonas Brothers]], ''Camp Rock'', an ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hudak|first=Kristen|date=2012-08-14|title=Band 1985's Summer Forever is Little League World Series' theme|url=https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043106/https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=ESPN Front Row|language=en-US}}</ref> In Mairch 2023, Disney Channel braidcast a live perfaisonal sportin event for the first time, carryin a youth-orientit alternate braidcast o a [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) gemm—kent as the ''Big City Greens Classic—''as piart o ESPN's kivverage o the league. The braidcast wis themed aroond the Disney Channel animatit series ''Big City Greens'', visualisin data frae the league's player an puck trackin seestem wi 3D animatit players.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=2023-02-14|title=Disney Will Animate ESPN Coverage for Disney Channel to Get Kids Into Hockey|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320135819/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|archive-date=20 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rangers, Capitals in 'Big City Greens' Classic on ESPN, Disney Channel|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney--341043372|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050903/https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney-channel/c-341043372|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-02-15|website=NHL.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dachman|first=Jason|date=2023-03-14|title=ESPN, Disney Take Next Tech Leap in Kids-Focused Broadcast With Live, Animated 'NHL Big City Greens Classic'|url=https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043058/https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Sports Video Group|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Stub/Televeesion}} [[Category:1983 establishments]] [[Category:Televeesion networks]] jh6wjjvarmiu2xz9z781iv4wewu11mi 921007 920975 2026-08-17T22:59:38Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox televeesion chainel | name = Disney Channel | logofile = 2024 Disney Channel text logo.svg | launch = {{Start date and age|1983|04|18}} | network = | owner = [[Disney Channels Worldwide]] | picture format = [[720p]] [[HDTV]]<br>{{small|(downscaled tae [[letterbox]]ed [[480i]] for [[SDTV]]s)}} | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | broadcast area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Burbank, Californie]], [[Unitit States]] | former names = The Disney Channel {{small|(1983–97)}} | replaced names = | replaced by names = | sister names = {{ubl|[[Disney Junior]]|[[Disney XD]]}} | timeshift names = Disney Channel East<br>Disney Channel West | web = {{url|disneychannel.disney.com}} | sat serv 1 = [[DirecTV]] | sat chan 1 = Channel 290 (East; HD/SD)<br>Channel 291 (West; SD only)<br>Channel 1290 ([[Video on Demand|VOD]]) | sat serv 2 = [[Dish Network]] | sat chan 2 = Channel 172 (east; HD/SD)<br>Channel 173 (west; SD only) | sat serv 3 = [[C band (IEEE)|C-Band]] | sat chan 3 = Galaxy 14 – Channel 107 ([[Headend in the Sky|H2H]] 4DTV)<br>Galaxy 15 – Channel 7 ([[4DTV]] Digital) | cable serv 1 = Available on every American cable provider | cable chan 1 = Channel slots vary | iptv serv 1 = [[Verizon FiOS]] | iptv chan 1 = Channel 250 (SD)<br>Channel 780 (HD) | iptv serv 2 = [[AT&T U-verse]] | iptv chan 2 = Channel 302 (East; SD)<br>Channel 303 (West; SD only)<br>Channel 1303 (HD) | iptv serv 3 = [[Google Fiber]] | iptv chan 3 = Channel 427 (SD/HD) | online serv 1 = [[Sling TV]] | online chan 1 = [[IPTV|Internet protocol television]] | online serv 2 = [[DirecTV Now]] | online chan 2 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | online serv 3 = [[PlayStation Vue]] | online chan 3 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | online serv 4 = [[Hulu|Hulu Live TV]] | online chan 4 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | years_active =1983&ndash;present }} '''Disney Channel''' (oreeginally cried '''The Disney Channel''' frae 1983 tae 1997 an commonly shortened tae '''Disney''' frae 1997 tae 2002) is an American basic cable an satellite televeesion netwark that serves as the flagship property o owner Disney Channels televeesion Group, itself a unit o the Disney Media Networks division o [[The Walt Disney Company]]. Disney Channel's [[televeesion programme|programmin]] consists o oreeginal first-run [[childer's televeesion series|televeesion series]], theatrically released an oreeginal made-for-cable [[Film|movies]] an select ither third-party programmin. Disney Channel – which formerly operated as a premium service – oreeginally marketed its programs towards families durin the 1980s, an later at younger bairns bi the 2000s. A majority o Disney Channel's oreeginal programmin is aimed at bairns ages 9–16, while its Disney Junior programs are targeted at bairns 8 years an under. As o Januar 2016, Disney Channel is available tae approximately 93.9 million pay telly households (80.6% o households wi at least ane telly set) in the Unitit States.<ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|title=Cable Network Coverage Area Household Universe Estimates: January 2016|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|publisher=[[NewBay Media]]|date=Januar 31, 2016|accessdate=Februar 3, 2017|archive-date=2017-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202182549/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|url-status=dead}}</ref> == History == [[File:2010_Disney_Channel_logo.svg|left|thumb|150x150px|The 2010 logo uised for Disney Channel.]] Disney Channel lencht in the US as a premium channel at 7:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren US Time on the 18t Apryle 1983, unner the name '''The Disney Channel'''.<ref name="vernon">{{cite news|author=Vernon Scott|date=April 19, 1983|title=Disney invades cable TV|page=8|newspaper=[[TimesDaily]]|agency=[[United Press International]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&pg=1920,4087795&dq=disney-channel&hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517050808/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&pg=1920,4087795&dq=disney-channel&hl=en|archive-date=17 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Win Fanning|date=April 5, 1983|title=Mickey to star on Disney Channel|page=31|newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|publisher=[[Cox Enterprises]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&pg=7193,677930&dq=good+morning+mickey&hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518060259/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&pg=7193,677930&dq=good+morning+mickey&hl=en|archive-date=18 May 2022}}</ref> The channel wis developed wi a haun frae its foondin preses Alan Wagner, an the launch of its faimily-orientit cable channel wis annooncit formal-like in early 1983. The channel – thit stairtit wi a 16-oor-a-day programmin schedule frae 7:00&nbsp;a.m. til 11:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren an Paceefic US Time – wad stairt tae be available on cable providers in aw 50 U.S. statesbi September 1983, an accressit a base o mair nor 611,000 subscriber bi Disember that year.<ref name="vernon" />{{sfn|Grover|1991|p=148}}<ref name="ks">{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|date=April 1, 1998|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|newspaper=KidScreen.com|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=30 June 2017}}</ref> In October 1983, the channel pit oot its first made-for-cable film, ''Tiger Town'', thit haed earned the channel a CableACE Award.<ref name="ks" /> The channel haed become profitable bi Januar 1985, wi its programmin raxin 1.75&nbsp;million subscriber bi that pynt. In September 1990, TCI's [[Montgomery, Alabama]] seestem became the first cable provider tae cairy the channel as a basic cable service.<ref name="ks" /> Atweesh 1991 an 1996, a steadily heezin nummer o cable providers stairtit shiftin The Disney Channel frae a premium eik-on offerin tae thair basic tiers, aither as an experiment or fou-time; hounaiver, Walt Disney Company executives put doun ony plans tae convert the channel intae an ad-supportit basic service, statin thit the premium-to-basic shifts on some providers wis pairt o a five-year "hybrid" strategy thit alloued providers tae offer the channel in either manner.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 25, 1991|title=Jones to offer Disney on basic tier in Fla.|periodical=[[Multichannel News]]|publisher=[[Reed Business Information|Cahners Business Information]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034122/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref><ref name="highbeam1991">{{cite news|date=September 30, 1991|title=More systems trying Disney on expanded basic|periodical=Multichannel News|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034253/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=May 27, 1996|title=Marcus moves Disney; Marcus Cable makes The Disney Channel part of its basic service; analysts wonder if Disney is planning major changes|periodical=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034330/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> On the 6t Apryle, 1997, the channel officially rebrandit as '''Disney Channel''', awtho it wis occasionally mercatit as just "'''Disney'''" frae 1997 til 2002. == Programmin == === Film librar === televeesion films hiv been produced for braidcast on Disney Channel an aw, frae its lench unner the ''Disney Channel Premiere Films'' banner, wi the first film lowsed bein ''Tiger Town'' in 1983, until October 1997. That wis whan thay stappit uisin the "Premiere Films" label an renamed it tae the "Disney Channel Original Movies" (DCOM; Scots: Disney Channel Oreeginal Films) efterwids. The first film to be lowsed unner the Disney Channel Original Movie category wis ''Under Wraps'', a Hallae E'en themed film thit aired for the first time on Disney Channel on the 15t October, 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815213719/https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=15 August 2022|access-date=2023-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What Is The Best Disney Channel Original Movie Of All Time? Vote Now|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201151928/https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=MTV|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Disney Channel Premiere Films|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150424/https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Under Wraps (television)|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}</ref> The maist successfu oreeginal film unner the banner in terms o popularity an accolades is ''High School Musical 2'', debuted on the 17t August, 2007, tae 17.2 million viewer an set a current langstaunin record for the heichest-ratit televeesion premiere in the history o the channel.<ref name="variety">{{cite news|author=Rick Kissell|author2=Michael Schneider|date=August 18, 2007|title='High School Musical 2' huge hit|periodical=Variety|publisher=Reed Business Information|url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/high-school-musical-2-aces-test-1117970479/|url-status=live|access-date=August 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823105546/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117970479.html?categoryid=14&cs=1|archive-date=23 August 2007}}</ref> Efter ''High School Musical 2'', the film thit haed the seicont heichest-ratit Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premiere wis ''Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie'', follaed bi ''Camp Rock'', ''[[Descendants 2]]'', ''Princess Protection Program'', ''Teen Beach Movie'', an ''Jump In!''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Highest-Rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) Premieres|url=https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=List Challenges}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Crupi|first=Anthony|date=August 31, 2009|title=Disney's 'Wizards' Conjures Up 11.4 Million Viewers|url=https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=www.adweek.com|language=en-US}}</ref> It set a basic cable record for the single maist-watched televeesion program an aw, until 3rd Disember, 2007, whan corporate sister channel, [[ESPN]], surpassed it wi the telecast o an [[National Football League|NFL]] gemm atweesh the [[New England Patriots]] an Baltimore Ravens on its ''Monday Night Football'' programme bi 0.3 million viewer mair (17.5 million viewer). ''The Cheetah Girls'' media franchise wis notably successfu an aw in terms o merchandise an sales for its concert tours an soondtrack albums. Its debut film frae 2003, bein the first Disney Channel oreeginal musical televeesion film, premiered tae ower 84 million global viewer an its sequel premiered tae 8.1 million American viewer an in the process became the maist successfu oot o the film series. An 86-date concert tour featurin the eponymous girl group wis rankit as ane o the top 10 concert tour in 2006, smashin the record at the Houston Rodeo previously set bi [[Elvis Presley]] in 1973, selling out with 73,500 tickets in three minutes at one point. In addeetion tae its oreeginal televeesion films, Disney Channel haes richts tae theatrically lowsed feature films, wi some film richts shared wi thair sister network, Freeform. Alangside films lowsed bi [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (mainly made up wi lowswins frae [[Walt Disney Pictures]], Walt Disney Animation Studios an Pixar), the channel hauds the richts tae films frae ither studios an aw. Some films lowsed bi ''Bagdasarian Productions'' (sic as ''The Chipmunk Adventure'' an ''Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein'') hiv aired on Disney Channel an aw, awtho maist o thaim arnae awnt bi ony o the Walt Disney Company's diveesions the nou. === Programmin blocks === ==== Current ==== * '''Disney Jr.''' – A weekday morning block o preschool programmin frae Disney Jr. (Disney Junior prior tae Juin 2024) It debuted on the 14t Februar, 2011, efter the closure o Playhouse Disney; In Juin 2020, [[Mickey Mouse]]-hostit [[Continuity (broadcasting)|continuity]] segments brandit as "Mickey Mornings" war lencht, replacin the previous "Disney Junior on Disney Channel" brandin.<ref>{{cite web|last=Deitchman|first=Beth|date=June 2020|title=How Mickey Mouse is Making Mornings More Magical for Families|url=http://www.d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030190016/https://d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|archive-date=30 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|website=D23 press release}}</ref> The Mickey Mornings brandin wis quietly phased oot in November 2025, revertin back tae the Disney Jr. brandin, follaed bi the interstitials in Disember. ==== Umwhile ==== * '''Disney Nighttime''' (Disney Nichttime) – As '''The Disney Channel''' as a premium channel frae its lench until the 6t Apryle 1997, this block featurt programmin aimed at aulder parental audiences durin the evenin an owernicht oors unner the banner teetle "Disney Nighttime". The content seen in these blocks wis devoid o sexual an violent content. Programmin seen durin Disney Nighttime includit aulder featur films (seemilar tae the yins seen at the time on American Movie Classics, an Turner Classic Movies eventual-like, wi baith Disney film teetles an films frae ither film studios mixed in), alangside oreeginal concert specials (featurin airtists rangin frae [[Rick Springfield]] tae [[Jon Secada]] tae [[Elton John]]), variety specials an documentaries.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} * '''The Magical World of Disney''' (The Magical Warld o Disney) – uised as a Sunday nicht umbrella for films an specials on The Disney Channel frae the 23rd September 1990 til the 24t November 1996, oreeginally airin exclusively on Sunday evenins at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 8, no. 4 (typo in the magazine: should be "no. 5"), September/October 1990: pp. 24, 51.</ref> Frae the 1st Disember 1996, until 2001, ''The Magical World of Disney'' served as the oweraw brandin for Disney Channel's nichtly evenin lineup o films stairtin at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. * '''The American Legacy''' – ran on Tuesday evenins at 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 7t Januar 1992, til the 27t August 1996. Oreeginally lenched in honour o the 500t anniversary o the diskivery o the Unitit States,<ref>{{cite web|title=IN CELEBRATION OF THE 500th BIRTHDAY OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA, THE DISNEY CHANNEL PRESENTS 'THE AMERICAN LEGACY'|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224735/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=28 March 2014|work=The Free Library}}</ref> the block featurt films, documentaries an specials aboot the contributions, history an scenic wonders o the nation. * '''Toonin' Tuesday''' – Rinnin frae the 5t October 1993, til the 27t August 1996, "Toonin' Tuesday" wis a weekly program block featurin a nummer o animatit programs. Ivery Tuesday frae 6:00 tae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific,<ref name="October/November 1993">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 40.</ref> "Toonin' Tuesday" featurt primarily animatit films an specials (awtho reruns o ''The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show'' sometimes aired as pairt o the block an aw).<ref name="October/November 1993" /> The block ended on the 27t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 27.</ref><ref name="August/September 1996">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: p. 29.</ref> * '''Bonus! Thursday''' – Frae the 7t October 1993 til the 29t August 1996, The Disney Channel ran a weekly program block cried "Bonus! Thursday" (or "Bonus!" for short), thit ran ivery Thursday frae 5:00 til 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref name="October/November 1993 TWO">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 33, 40.</ref><ref name="December 1993/January 1994">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 1, December 1993/January 1994: pp. 28, 43.</ref> The block featurt programs aimed at teenagers, includin series sic as ''Kids Incorporated'', ''The All-New Mickey Mouse Club'', a nummer o ''Mickey Mouse Club'' serials (includin ''Teen Angel'' an ''Match Point''), an ''Eerie Indiana'', follaed bi films an specials.<ref name="October/November 1993 TWO" /><ref name="December 1993/January 1994" /> The block endit on the 29t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996" /><ref name="August/September 1996" /> * '''Totally Kids Only''' ("TKO"; Scots: Totally Kids Anely) – an efternoon lineup o live-action an animated series introduced in 1992,<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3 (typo in the magazine: should be "no. 2"), April/May 1996: p. 26.</ref> thit became the oweraw brandin for the channel's daytime children's programs frae 1995 til 1996. * '''Triple Feature Friday''' (Treeple Featur Friday) – ran ivery Friday stairtin at 5:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1993 til the 30t Mey 1997, featurt three separate films – sometimes regairdless o each film's genre – thit war tied tae a speceefic subject<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 58.</ref> * '''Disney Drive-In''' – ran ivery Saturday stairtin at 1:30&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1994 til the 31st August 1996, featurt Disney series sic as ''Zorro'', ''Texas John Slaughter'' an ''Spin and Marty'', follaed bi Disney films an specials<ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 6, October/November 1994: pp. 36, 42.</ref> The block endit on the 31st August 1996 due tae chynges in the channel's schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996: p. 26">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 26.</ref><ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 28, 40, 48–49.</ref> * '''Block Party''' (Block pairty) – Frae the 2nt October 1995 til the 28t August 1996, fower animatit series thit previously aired in syndication on ''The Disney Afternoon'' (''Darkwing Duck'', ''TaleSpin'', ''DuckTales'' an ''Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers'') war rerin thegether on The Disney Channel as a twa-oor programmin block cried "Block Party", thit aired on weekdays frae 5:00 til 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref>"Block Party: Four Disney Animated Series". ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 13, no. 5, October/November 1995: p. 36.</ref> The "Block Party" brandin wis drappit on the 3rd September 1996, whan ''Darkwing Duck'' wis tawn oot as the block's lead-in an ''[[Goof Troop]]'' wis eikit on tae end the lineup.<ref name="June/July 1996: p. 26" /><ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 25, 28, 34.</ref> This unnamed block continued tae air intae 1997.<ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 6, December 1996/January 1997: p. 28.</ref> * '''Magical World of Animals'''{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} (The Magical Warld o Animals) – an oor-lang block consisten o wildlife series aimed at childer thit ran frae August 1997 til 1999. Promotit as an affshoot o the ''Magical World of Disney'' an airin Sunday evenins frae 7:00 til 8:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren Time, the block consistit o twa series: ''Going Wild with Jeff Corwin'' an ''Omba Mokomba''.<ref name="ks2" /> * '''Vault Disney''' – premiered in September 1997,<ref name="ks2" /><ref name="highbeam1997">{{cite news|date=September 9, 1997|title=Television News & Notes|newspaper=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|publisher=[[North Jersey Media Group]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034132/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> five month efter Disney Channel's first major rebrand, replacin the Disney Nighttime lineup. Oreeginally anely airin on Sunday nichts frae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time,<ref name="ks2" /> Vault Disney expandit til seven nicht a week in September 1998 (the Monday til Saturday edeetions o the block at this time aired frae 11:00&nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific; the stairt time o the block as a hale wis muived consistent-like tae midnight daily in September 1999). The vintage programmin featurt durin the late-nicht schedule chynged tae feature anenly Disney-produced televeesion series an specials (sic as ''Zorro'', ''Spin and Marty'', ''The Mickey Mouse Club'' an the Walt Disney anthology televeesion series),<ref name="highbeam1997" /> alang wi aulder Disney televeesion specials. Aulder Disney feature films war pairt o the lineup frae 1997 til 2000 an aw, but aired in a reduced capacity. The block featurt ''The Ink and Paint Club'' an aw, thit's an anthology series featurin Disney animatit shorts, thit became the anely remeenin program on the channel tae feature these shorts bi 1999, efter the remuival o ''Quack Pack'' frae the schedule. The channel discontinued the block in September 2002, in favor o rInnin rerIns o its oreeginal an acquired series durin the late evenin an owernicht oors (thit compared tae the adult-focused ''Vault Disney'', are aimed at childer an teenagers, an audience thit is teepically asleep durin that time period). * '''Zoog Disney''' – lenchit in August 1998,{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} a program block that oreeginally anely aired on weekend efternoons frae 4:00&nbsp;p.m. til 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. The hosts for the block war "Zoogs", whit are animatit anthropomorphic robot/ootlin creatur-hybrid chairacters wi human vyces (some o thaim acted like teenagers). The block unified televeesion and the Internet, allouin viewer comments an scores frae players o ZoogDisney.com's online gemms tae be aired on the channel durin regular programmin in a ticker format (thit the channel continued tae use efter the block was discontinued, hounaiver, the ticker haes been aw but completely drappit frae on-air usage {{as of|May 2010|lc=y}}).<ref name="highbeam1998">{{cite news|date=December 26, 1998|title=Digital L.A. : Truly It's All Happening at the Zoog|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|publisher=[[Times Mirror Company]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034114/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> Frae Juin 2000 til August 2002, the efternoon an primetime lineups on Fridays, Seturdays, and Sundays war branded under the umbrella teetle "Zoog Weekendz". The Zoogs war redesigned wi cel shading an war gieymature vyces in 2000. The hale Zoog Disney block wis phased oot bi September 2002.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Blue|first=Morgan Genevieve|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-FBDgAAQBAJ&q=programming+blocks+of+disney+channel&pg=PT29|title=Girlhood on Disney Channel: Branding, Celebrity, and Femininity|date=2017-03-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317365051|language=en}}</ref> * '''Disney Replay''' – "Disney Replay" wis a block that premiered on the 17t Apryle 2013, featurin episodes frae defunct Disney Channel Original Series thit premiered frae 2000 til 2007 (sic as ''Lizzie McGuire'', ''That's So Raven, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody'' an ''[[Hannah Montana]]'').<ref>{{cite magazine|title='So Weird', 'That's So Raven,' and other shows we want to see on Disney Replay|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|last=Caldwell|first=Sarah|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=April 17, 2013|access-date=August 7, 2014}}</ref> Airin Wadnesday nichts/early Thursday mornins (as a nod tae the popular social media trend "Throwback Thursday"), orrrginally frae 12:00 til 1:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time, the block expandit tae sax oors (rinnin until 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific) on the 14t August 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rack|first=Lori|date=August 20, 2014|title=Disney Channel's expanded replay block here to stay|newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times|Voices]]|url=http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|url-status=dead|access-date=August 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120422/http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|archive-date=August 26, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Programs featurt on Disney Replay war eikit ontae the WATCH Disney Channel service on August 16, 2014. The block wis discontinued on the 28t Apryle 2016, an muived tae Freeform wi a new name: That's So Throwback. * '''Disney XD on Disney Channel''' – "Disney XD on Disney Channel" is the umwhile brandin o twa blocks airin on Friday an Seturday nichts; an animatit block airin Fridays frae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. til 10:00&nbsp;p.m., braidcast series mainly exclusive tae Disney XD sic as ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'', ''Star vs. the Forces of Evil'', ''Milo Murphy's Law'', an ''DuckTales'', an a live-action block airin on Seturdays frae 10:00&nbsp;p.m. til 11:00&nbsp;p.m., airin series ci as ''MECH-X4'' an ''Walk the Prank''. It wis discontinued as Disney XD's carriage became equivalent tae that o Disney Channel. === Bumpers === Atweesh ordinar scheduled programmin an advertisement breaks, Disney Channel features bumpers. The creautor o the fower-note mnemonic introducit for the channel in 2002, wis relatively unkent until being identified as Alex Lasarenko, thit haed wirked wi Tonal Sound and Elias Arts an aw, bi [[YouTube]] documentary channel ''Defunctland'' in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Burlingame|first=Russ|date=2022-11-21|title=Defunctland Has Solved A Wild Disney Channel Mystery|url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/defunctland-has-solved-a-wild-disney-channel-mystery/|access-date=2025-12-03|website=ComicBook.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === Sports === For a period, [[ESPN]]'s braidcasts o the Little League World Series [[basebaw]] tournament frequently featurt cross-promotion wi music-relatit Disney Channel properties, wi past editions hivin featurt collaborations wi ''High School Musical'', the [[Jonas Brothers]], ''Camp Rock'', an ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hudak|first=Kristen|date=2012-08-14|title=Band 1985's Summer Forever is Little League World Series' theme|url=https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043106/https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=ESPN Front Row|language=en-US}}</ref> In Mairch 2023, Disney Channel braidcast a live perfaisonal sportin event for the first time, carryin a youth-orientit alternate braidcast o a [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) gemm—kent as the ''Big City Greens Classic—''as piart o ESPN's kivverage o the league. The braidcast wis themed aroond the Disney Channel animatit series ''Big City Greens'', visualisin data frae the league's player an puck trackin seestem wi 3D animatit players.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=2023-02-14|title=Disney Will Animate ESPN Coverage for Disney Channel to Get Kids Into Hockey|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320135819/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|archive-date=20 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rangers, Capitals in 'Big City Greens' Classic on ESPN, Disney Channel|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney--341043372|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050903/https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney-channel/c-341043372|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-02-15|website=NHL.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dachman|first=Jason|date=2023-03-14|title=ESPN, Disney Take Next Tech Leap in Kids-Focused Broadcast With Live, Animated 'NHL Big City Greens Classic'|url=https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043058/https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Sports Video Group|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Stub/Televeesion}} [[Category:1983 establishments]] [[Category:Televeesion networks]] 43dohxg74g2iu7ce0oubpp74ppbfsp1 921008 921007 2026-08-17T23:00:32Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox televeesion chainel | name = Disney Channel | logofile = 2024 Disney Channel text logo.svg | launch = {{Start date and age|1983|04|18}} | owner = [[Disney Channels Worldwide]] | picture format = [[720p]] [[HDTV]]<br>{{small|(downscaled tae [[letterbox]]ed [[480i]] for [[SDTV]]s)}} | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | broadcast area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Burbank, Californie]], U.S. | former names = The Disney Channel {{small|(1983–97)}} | sister names = {{ubl|[[Disney Junior]]|[[Disney XD]]}} | timeshift names = Disney Channel East<br>Disney Channel West | web = {{url|disneychannel.disney.com}} | sat serv 1 = [[DirecTV]] | sat chan 1 = Channel 290 (East; HD/SD)<br>Channel 291 (West; SD only)<br>Channel 1290 ([[Video on Demand|VOD]]) | sat serv 2 = [[Dish Network]] | sat chan 2 = Channel 172 (east; HD/SD)<br>Channel 173 (west; SD only) | sat serv 3 = [[C band (IEEE)|C-Band]] | sat chan 3 = Galaxy 14 – Channel 107 ([[Headend in the Sky|H2H]] 4DTV)<br>Galaxy 15 – Channel 7 ([[4DTV]] Digital) | cable serv 1 = Available on every American cable provider | cable chan 1 = Channel slots vary | iptv serv 1 = [[Verizon FiOS]] | iptv chan 1 = Channel 250 (SD)<br>Channel 780 (HD) | iptv serv 2 = [[AT&T U-verse]] | iptv chan 2 = Channel 302 (East; SD)<br>Channel 303 (West; SD only)<br>Channel 1303 (HD) | iptv serv 3 = [[Google Fiber]] | iptv chan 3 = Channel 427 (SD/HD) | online serv 1 = [[Sling TV]] | online chan 1 = [[IPTV|Internet protocol television]] | online serv 2 = [[DirecTV Now]] | online chan 2 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | online serv 3 = [[PlayStation Vue]] | online chan 3 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | online serv 4 = [[Hulu|Hulu Live TV]] | online chan 4 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | years_active =1983&ndash;present }} '''Disney Channel''' (oreeginally cried '''The Disney Channel''' frae 1983 tae 1997 an commonly shortened tae '''Disney''' frae 1997 tae 2002) is an American basic cable an satellite televeesion netwark that serves as the flagship property o owner Disney Channels televeesion Group, itself a unit o the Disney Media Networks division o [[The Walt Disney Company]]. Disney Channel's [[televeesion programme|programmin]] consists o oreeginal first-run [[childer's televeesion series|televeesion series]], theatrically released an oreeginal made-for-cable [[Film|movies]] an select ither third-party programmin. Disney Channel – which formerly operated as a premium service – oreeginally marketed its programs towards families durin the 1980s, an later at younger bairns bi the 2000s. A majority o Disney Channel's oreeginal programmin is aimed at bairns ages 9–16, while its Disney Junior programs are targeted at bairns 8 years an under. As o Januar 2016, Disney Channel is available tae approximately 93.9 million pay telly households (80.6% o households wi at least ane telly set) in the Unitit States.<ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|title=Cable Network Coverage Area Household Universe Estimates: January 2016|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|publisher=[[NewBay Media]]|date=Januar 31, 2016|accessdate=Februar 3, 2017|archive-date=2017-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202182549/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|url-status=dead}}</ref> == History == [[File:2010_Disney_Channel_logo.svg|left|thumb|150x150px|The 2010 logo uised for Disney Channel.]] Disney Channel lencht in the US as a premium channel at 7:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren US Time on the 18t Apryle 1983, unner the name '''The Disney Channel'''.<ref name="vernon">{{cite news|author=Vernon Scott|date=April 19, 1983|title=Disney invades cable TV|page=8|newspaper=[[TimesDaily]]|agency=[[United Press International]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&pg=1920,4087795&dq=disney-channel&hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517050808/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&pg=1920,4087795&dq=disney-channel&hl=en|archive-date=17 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Win Fanning|date=April 5, 1983|title=Mickey to star on Disney Channel|page=31|newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|publisher=[[Cox Enterprises]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&pg=7193,677930&dq=good+morning+mickey&hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518060259/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&pg=7193,677930&dq=good+morning+mickey&hl=en|archive-date=18 May 2022}}</ref> The channel wis developed wi a haun frae its foondin preses Alan Wagner, an the launch of its faimily-orientit cable channel wis annooncit formal-like in early 1983. The channel – thit stairtit wi a 16-oor-a-day programmin schedule frae 7:00&nbsp;a.m. til 11:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren an Paceefic US Time – wad stairt tae be available on cable providers in aw 50 U.S. statesbi September 1983, an accressit a base o mair nor 611,000 subscriber bi Disember that year.<ref name="vernon" />{{sfn|Grover|1991|p=148}}<ref name="ks">{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|date=April 1, 1998|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|newspaper=KidScreen.com|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=30 June 2017}}</ref> In October 1983, the channel pit oot its first made-for-cable film, ''Tiger Town'', thit haed earned the channel a CableACE Award.<ref name="ks" /> The channel haed become profitable bi Januar 1985, wi its programmin raxin 1.75&nbsp;million subscriber bi that pynt. In September 1990, TCI's [[Montgomery, Alabama]] seestem became the first cable provider tae cairy the channel as a basic cable service.<ref name="ks" /> Atweesh 1991 an 1996, a steadily heezin nummer o cable providers stairtit shiftin The Disney Channel frae a premium eik-on offerin tae thair basic tiers, aither as an experiment or fou-time; hounaiver, Walt Disney Company executives put doun ony plans tae convert the channel intae an ad-supportit basic service, statin thit the premium-to-basic shifts on some providers wis pairt o a five-year "hybrid" strategy thit alloued providers tae offer the channel in either manner.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 25, 1991|title=Jones to offer Disney on basic tier in Fla.|periodical=[[Multichannel News]]|publisher=[[Reed Business Information|Cahners Business Information]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034122/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref><ref name="highbeam1991">{{cite news|date=September 30, 1991|title=More systems trying Disney on expanded basic|periodical=Multichannel News|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034253/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=May 27, 1996|title=Marcus moves Disney; Marcus Cable makes The Disney Channel part of its basic service; analysts wonder if Disney is planning major changes|periodical=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034330/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> On the 6t Apryle, 1997, the channel officially rebrandit as '''Disney Channel''', awtho it wis occasionally mercatit as just "'''Disney'''" frae 1997 til 2002. == Programmin == === Film librar === televeesion films hiv been produced for braidcast on Disney Channel an aw, frae its lench unner the ''Disney Channel Premiere Films'' banner, wi the first film lowsed bein ''Tiger Town'' in 1983, until October 1997. That wis whan thay stappit uisin the "Premiere Films" label an renamed it tae the "Disney Channel Original Movies" (DCOM; Scots: Disney Channel Oreeginal Films) efterwids. The first film to be lowsed unner the Disney Channel Original Movie category wis ''Under Wraps'', a Hallae E'en themed film thit aired for the first time on Disney Channel on the 15t October, 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815213719/https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=15 August 2022|access-date=2023-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What Is The Best Disney Channel Original Movie Of All Time? Vote Now|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201151928/https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=MTV|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Disney Channel Premiere Films|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150424/https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Under Wraps (television)|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}</ref> The maist successfu oreeginal film unner the banner in terms o popularity an accolades is ''High School Musical 2'', debuted on the 17t August, 2007, tae 17.2 million viewer an set a current langstaunin record for the heichest-ratit televeesion premiere in the history o the channel.<ref name="variety">{{cite news|author=Rick Kissell|author2=Michael Schneider|date=August 18, 2007|title='High School Musical 2' huge hit|periodical=Variety|publisher=Reed Business Information|url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/high-school-musical-2-aces-test-1117970479/|url-status=live|access-date=August 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823105546/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117970479.html?categoryid=14&cs=1|archive-date=23 August 2007}}</ref> Efter ''High School Musical 2'', the film thit haed the seicont heichest-ratit Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premiere wis ''Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie'', follaed bi ''Camp Rock'', ''[[Descendants 2]]'', ''Princess Protection Program'', ''Teen Beach Movie'', an ''Jump In!''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Highest-Rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) Premieres|url=https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=List Challenges}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Crupi|first=Anthony|date=August 31, 2009|title=Disney's 'Wizards' Conjures Up 11.4 Million Viewers|url=https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=www.adweek.com|language=en-US}}</ref> It set a basic cable record for the single maist-watched televeesion program an aw, until 3rd Disember, 2007, whan corporate sister channel, [[ESPN]], surpassed it wi the telecast o an [[National Football League|NFL]] gemm atweesh the [[New England Patriots]] an Baltimore Ravens on its ''Monday Night Football'' programme bi 0.3 million viewer mair (17.5 million viewer). ''The Cheetah Girls'' media franchise wis notably successfu an aw in terms o merchandise an sales for its concert tours an soondtrack albums. Its debut film frae 2003, bein the first Disney Channel oreeginal musical televeesion film, premiered tae ower 84 million global viewer an its sequel premiered tae 8.1 million American viewer an in the process became the maist successfu oot o the film series. An 86-date concert tour featurin the eponymous girl group wis rankit as ane o the top 10 concert tour in 2006, smashin the record at the Houston Rodeo previously set bi [[Elvis Presley]] in 1973, selling out with 73,500 tickets in three minutes at one point. In addeetion tae its oreeginal televeesion films, Disney Channel haes richts tae theatrically lowsed feature films, wi some film richts shared wi thair sister network, Freeform. Alangside films lowsed bi [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (mainly made up wi lowswins frae [[Walt Disney Pictures]], Walt Disney Animation Studios an Pixar), the channel hauds the richts tae films frae ither studios an aw. Some films lowsed bi ''Bagdasarian Productions'' (sic as ''The Chipmunk Adventure'' an ''Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein'') hiv aired on Disney Channel an aw, awtho maist o thaim arnae awnt bi ony o the Walt Disney Company's diveesions the nou. === Programmin blocks === ==== Current ==== * '''Disney Jr.''' – A weekday morning block o preschool programmin frae Disney Jr. (Disney Junior prior tae Juin 2024) It debuted on the 14t Februar, 2011, efter the closure o Playhouse Disney; In Juin 2020, [[Mickey Mouse]]-hostit [[Continuity (broadcasting)|continuity]] segments brandit as "Mickey Mornings" war lencht, replacin the previous "Disney Junior on Disney Channel" brandin.<ref>{{cite web|last=Deitchman|first=Beth|date=June 2020|title=How Mickey Mouse is Making Mornings More Magical for Families|url=http://www.d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030190016/https://d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|archive-date=30 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|website=D23 press release}}</ref> The Mickey Mornings brandin wis quietly phased oot in November 2025, revertin back tae the Disney Jr. brandin, follaed bi the interstitials in Disember. ==== Umwhile ==== * '''Disney Nighttime''' (Disney Nichttime) – As '''The Disney Channel''' as a premium channel frae its lench until the 6t Apryle 1997, this block featurt programmin aimed at aulder parental audiences durin the evenin an owernicht oors unner the banner teetle "Disney Nighttime". The content seen in these blocks wis devoid o sexual an violent content. Programmin seen durin Disney Nighttime includit aulder featur films (seemilar tae the yins seen at the time on American Movie Classics, an Turner Classic Movies eventual-like, wi baith Disney film teetles an films frae ither film studios mixed in), alangside oreeginal concert specials (featurin airtists rangin frae [[Rick Springfield]] tae [[Jon Secada]] tae [[Elton John]]), variety specials an documentaries.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} * '''The Magical World of Disney''' (The Magical Warld o Disney) – uised as a Sunday nicht umbrella for films an specials on The Disney Channel frae the 23rd September 1990 til the 24t November 1996, oreeginally airin exclusively on Sunday evenins at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 8, no. 4 (typo in the magazine: should be "no. 5"), September/October 1990: pp. 24, 51.</ref> Frae the 1st Disember 1996, until 2001, ''The Magical World of Disney'' served as the oweraw brandin for Disney Channel's nichtly evenin lineup o films stairtin at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. * '''The American Legacy''' – ran on Tuesday evenins at 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 7t Januar 1992, til the 27t August 1996. Oreeginally lenched in honour o the 500t anniversary o the diskivery o the Unitit States,<ref>{{cite web|title=IN CELEBRATION OF THE 500th BIRTHDAY OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA, THE DISNEY CHANNEL PRESENTS 'THE AMERICAN LEGACY'|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224735/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=28 March 2014|work=The Free Library}}</ref> the block featurt films, documentaries an specials aboot the contributions, history an scenic wonders o the nation. * '''Toonin' Tuesday''' – Rinnin frae the 5t October 1993, til the 27t August 1996, "Toonin' Tuesday" wis a weekly program block featurin a nummer o animatit programs. Ivery Tuesday frae 6:00 tae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific,<ref name="October/November 1993">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 40.</ref> "Toonin' Tuesday" featurt primarily animatit films an specials (awtho reruns o ''The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show'' sometimes aired as pairt o the block an aw).<ref name="October/November 1993" /> The block ended on the 27t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 27.</ref><ref name="August/September 1996">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: p. 29.</ref> * '''Bonus! Thursday''' – Frae the 7t October 1993 til the 29t August 1996, The Disney Channel ran a weekly program block cried "Bonus! Thursday" (or "Bonus!" for short), thit ran ivery Thursday frae 5:00 til 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref name="October/November 1993 TWO">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 33, 40.</ref><ref name="December 1993/January 1994">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 1, December 1993/January 1994: pp. 28, 43.</ref> The block featurt programs aimed at teenagers, includin series sic as ''Kids Incorporated'', ''The All-New Mickey Mouse Club'', a nummer o ''Mickey Mouse Club'' serials (includin ''Teen Angel'' an ''Match Point''), an ''Eerie Indiana'', follaed bi films an specials.<ref name="October/November 1993 TWO" /><ref name="December 1993/January 1994" /> The block endit on the 29t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996" /><ref name="August/September 1996" /> * '''Totally Kids Only''' ("TKO"; Scots: Totally Kids Anely) – an efternoon lineup o live-action an animated series introduced in 1992,<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3 (typo in the magazine: should be "no. 2"), April/May 1996: p. 26.</ref> thit became the oweraw brandin for the channel's daytime children's programs frae 1995 til 1996. * '''Triple Feature Friday''' (Treeple Featur Friday) – ran ivery Friday stairtin at 5:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1993 til the 30t Mey 1997, featurt three separate films – sometimes regairdless o each film's genre – thit war tied tae a speceefic subject<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 58.</ref> * '''Disney Drive-In''' – ran ivery Saturday stairtin at 1:30&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1994 til the 31st August 1996, featurt Disney series sic as ''Zorro'', ''Texas John Slaughter'' an ''Spin and Marty'', follaed bi Disney films an specials<ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 6, October/November 1994: pp. 36, 42.</ref> The block endit on the 31st August 1996 due tae chynges in the channel's schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996: p. 26">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 26.</ref><ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 28, 40, 48–49.</ref> * '''Block Party''' (Block pairty) – Frae the 2nt October 1995 til the 28t August 1996, fower animatit series thit previously aired in syndication on ''The Disney Afternoon'' (''Darkwing Duck'', ''TaleSpin'', ''DuckTales'' an ''Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers'') war rerin thegether on The Disney Channel as a twa-oor programmin block cried "Block Party", thit aired on weekdays frae 5:00 til 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref>"Block Party: Four Disney Animated Series". ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 13, no. 5, October/November 1995: p. 36.</ref> The "Block Party" brandin wis drappit on the 3rd September 1996, whan ''Darkwing Duck'' wis tawn oot as the block's lead-in an ''[[Goof Troop]]'' wis eikit on tae end the lineup.<ref name="June/July 1996: p. 26" /><ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 25, 28, 34.</ref> This unnamed block continued tae air intae 1997.<ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 6, December 1996/January 1997: p. 28.</ref> * '''Magical World of Animals'''{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} (The Magical Warld o Animals) – an oor-lang block consisten o wildlife series aimed at childer thit ran frae August 1997 til 1999. Promotit as an affshoot o the ''Magical World of Disney'' an airin Sunday evenins frae 7:00 til 8:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren Time, the block consistit o twa series: ''Going Wild with Jeff Corwin'' an ''Omba Mokomba''.<ref name="ks2" /> * '''Vault Disney''' – premiered in September 1997,<ref name="ks2" /><ref name="highbeam1997">{{cite news|date=September 9, 1997|title=Television News & Notes|newspaper=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|publisher=[[North Jersey Media Group]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034132/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> five month efter Disney Channel's first major rebrand, replacin the Disney Nighttime lineup. Oreeginally anely airin on Sunday nichts frae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time,<ref name="ks2" /> Vault Disney expandit til seven nicht a week in September 1998 (the Monday til Saturday edeetions o the block at this time aired frae 11:00&nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific; the stairt time o the block as a hale wis muived consistent-like tae midnight daily in September 1999). The vintage programmin featurt durin the late-nicht schedule chynged tae feature anenly Disney-produced televeesion series an specials (sic as ''Zorro'', ''Spin and Marty'', ''The Mickey Mouse Club'' an the Walt Disney anthology televeesion series),<ref name="highbeam1997" /> alang wi aulder Disney televeesion specials. Aulder Disney feature films war pairt o the lineup frae 1997 til 2000 an aw, but aired in a reduced capacity. The block featurt ''The Ink and Paint Club'' an aw, thit's an anthology series featurin Disney animatit shorts, thit became the anely remeenin program on the channel tae feature these shorts bi 1999, efter the remuival o ''Quack Pack'' frae the schedule. The channel discontinued the block in September 2002, in favor o rInnin rerIns o its oreeginal an acquired series durin the late evenin an owernicht oors (thit compared tae the adult-focused ''Vault Disney'', are aimed at childer an teenagers, an audience thit is teepically asleep durin that time period). * '''Zoog Disney''' – lenchit in August 1998,{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} a program block that oreeginally anely aired on weekend efternoons frae 4:00&nbsp;p.m. til 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. The hosts for the block war "Zoogs", whit are animatit anthropomorphic robot/ootlin creatur-hybrid chairacters wi human vyces (some o thaim acted like teenagers). The block unified televeesion and the Internet, allouin viewer comments an scores frae players o ZoogDisney.com's online gemms tae be aired on the channel durin regular programmin in a ticker format (thit the channel continued tae use efter the block was discontinued, hounaiver, the ticker haes been aw but completely drappit frae on-air usage {{as of|May 2010|lc=y}}).<ref name="highbeam1998">{{cite news|date=December 26, 1998|title=Digital L.A. : Truly It's All Happening at the Zoog|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|publisher=[[Times Mirror Company]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034114/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> Frae Juin 2000 til August 2002, the efternoon an primetime lineups on Fridays, Seturdays, and Sundays war branded under the umbrella teetle "Zoog Weekendz". The Zoogs war redesigned wi cel shading an war gieymature vyces in 2000. The hale Zoog Disney block wis phased oot bi September 2002.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Blue|first=Morgan Genevieve|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-FBDgAAQBAJ&q=programming+blocks+of+disney+channel&pg=PT29|title=Girlhood on Disney Channel: Branding, Celebrity, and Femininity|date=2017-03-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317365051|language=en}}</ref> * '''Disney Replay''' – "Disney Replay" wis a block that premiered on the 17t Apryle 2013, featurin episodes frae defunct Disney Channel Original Series thit premiered frae 2000 til 2007 (sic as ''Lizzie McGuire'', ''That's So Raven, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody'' an ''[[Hannah Montana]]'').<ref>{{cite magazine|title='So Weird', 'That's So Raven,' and other shows we want to see on Disney Replay|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|last=Caldwell|first=Sarah|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=April 17, 2013|access-date=August 7, 2014}}</ref> Airin Wadnesday nichts/early Thursday mornins (as a nod tae the popular social media trend "Throwback Thursday"), orrrginally frae 12:00 til 1:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time, the block expandit tae sax oors (rinnin until 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific) on the 14t August 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rack|first=Lori|date=August 20, 2014|title=Disney Channel's expanded replay block here to stay|newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times|Voices]]|url=http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|url-status=dead|access-date=August 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120422/http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|archive-date=August 26, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Programs featurt on Disney Replay war eikit ontae the WATCH Disney Channel service on August 16, 2014. The block wis discontinued on the 28t Apryle 2016, an muived tae Freeform wi a new name: That's So Throwback. * '''Disney XD on Disney Channel''' – "Disney XD on Disney Channel" is the umwhile brandin o twa blocks airin on Friday an Seturday nichts; an animatit block airin Fridays frae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. til 10:00&nbsp;p.m., braidcast series mainly exclusive tae Disney XD sic as ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'', ''Star vs. the Forces of Evil'', ''Milo Murphy's Law'', an ''DuckTales'', an a live-action block airin on Seturdays frae 10:00&nbsp;p.m. til 11:00&nbsp;p.m., airin series ci as ''MECH-X4'' an ''Walk the Prank''. It wis discontinued as Disney XD's carriage became equivalent tae that o Disney Channel. === Bumpers === Atweesh ordinar scheduled programmin an advertisement breaks, Disney Channel features bumpers. The creautor o the fower-note mnemonic introducit for the channel in 2002, wis relatively unkent until being identified as Alex Lasarenko, thit haed wirked wi Tonal Sound and Elias Arts an aw, bi [[YouTube]] documentary channel ''Defunctland'' in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Burlingame|first=Russ|date=2022-11-21|title=Defunctland Has Solved A Wild Disney Channel Mystery|url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/defunctland-has-solved-a-wild-disney-channel-mystery/|access-date=2025-12-03|website=ComicBook.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === Sports === For a period, [[ESPN]]'s braidcasts o the Little League World Series [[basebaw]] tournament frequently featurt cross-promotion wi music-relatit Disney Channel properties, wi past editions hivin featurt collaborations wi ''High School Musical'', the [[Jonas Brothers]], ''Camp Rock'', an ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hudak|first=Kristen|date=2012-08-14|title=Band 1985's Summer Forever is Little League World Series' theme|url=https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043106/https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=ESPN Front Row|language=en-US}}</ref> In Mairch 2023, Disney Channel braidcast a live perfaisonal sportin event for the first time, carryin a youth-orientit alternate braidcast o a [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) gemm—kent as the ''Big City Greens Classic—''as piart o ESPN's kivverage o the league. The braidcast wis themed aroond the Disney Channel animatit series ''Big City Greens'', visualisin data frae the league's player an puck trackin seestem wi 3D animatit players.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=2023-02-14|title=Disney Will Animate ESPN Coverage for Disney Channel to Get Kids Into Hockey|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320135819/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|archive-date=20 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rangers, Capitals in 'Big City Greens' Classic on ESPN, Disney Channel|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney--341043372|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050903/https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney-channel/c-341043372|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-02-15|website=NHL.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dachman|first=Jason|date=2023-03-14|title=ESPN, Disney Take Next Tech Leap in Kids-Focused Broadcast With Live, Animated 'NHL Big City Greens Classic'|url=https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043058/https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Sports Video Group|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Stub/Televeesion}} [[Category:1983 establishments]] [[Category:Televeesion networks]] 59ot8lum5v4fa99w0rk5bu2b2t4nenv 921015 921008 2026-08-17T23:07:40Z Atlantic306 30244 /* Umwhile */ fixed reference 921015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox televeesion chainel | name = Disney Channel | logofile = 2024 Disney Channel text logo.svg | launch = {{Start date and age|1983|04|18}} | owner = [[Disney Channels Worldwide]] | picture format = [[720p]] [[HDTV]]<br>{{small|(downscaled tae [[letterbox]]ed [[480i]] for [[SDTV]]s)}} | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | broadcast area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Burbank, Californie]], U.S. | former names = The Disney Channel {{small|(1983–97)}} | sister names = {{ubl|[[Disney Junior]]|[[Disney XD]]}} | timeshift names = Disney Channel East<br>Disney Channel West | web = {{url|disneychannel.disney.com}} | sat serv 1 = [[DirecTV]] | sat chan 1 = Channel 290 (East; HD/SD)<br>Channel 291 (West; SD only)<br>Channel 1290 ([[Video on Demand|VOD]]) | sat serv 2 = [[Dish Network]] | sat chan 2 = Channel 172 (east; HD/SD)<br>Channel 173 (west; SD only) | sat serv 3 = [[C band (IEEE)|C-Band]] | sat chan 3 = Galaxy 14 – Channel 107 ([[Headend in the Sky|H2H]] 4DTV)<br>Galaxy 15 – Channel 7 ([[4DTV]] Digital) | cable serv 1 = Available on every American cable provider | cable chan 1 = Channel slots vary | iptv serv 1 = [[Verizon FiOS]] | iptv chan 1 = Channel 250 (SD)<br>Channel 780 (HD) | iptv serv 2 = [[AT&T U-verse]] | iptv chan 2 = Channel 302 (East; SD)<br>Channel 303 (West; SD only)<br>Channel 1303 (HD) | iptv serv 3 = [[Google Fiber]] | iptv chan 3 = Channel 427 (SD/HD) | online serv 1 = [[Sling TV]] | online chan 1 = [[IPTV|Internet protocol television]] | online serv 2 = [[DirecTV Now]] | online chan 2 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | online serv 3 = [[PlayStation Vue]] | online chan 3 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | online serv 4 = [[Hulu|Hulu Live TV]] | online chan 4 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | years_active =1983&ndash;present }} '''Disney Channel''' (oreeginally cried '''The Disney Channel''' frae 1983 tae 1997 an commonly shortened tae '''Disney''' frae 1997 tae 2002) is an American basic cable an satellite televeesion netwark that serves as the flagship property o owner Disney Channels televeesion Group, itself a unit o the Disney Media Networks division o [[The Walt Disney Company]]. Disney Channel's [[televeesion programme|programmin]] consists o oreeginal first-run [[childer's televeesion series|televeesion series]], theatrically released an oreeginal made-for-cable [[Film|movies]] an select ither third-party programmin. Disney Channel – which formerly operated as a premium service – oreeginally marketed its programs towards families durin the 1980s, an later at younger bairns bi the 2000s. A majority o Disney Channel's oreeginal programmin is aimed at bairns ages 9–16, while its Disney Junior programs are targeted at bairns 8 years an under. As o Januar 2016, Disney Channel is available tae approximately 93.9 million pay telly households (80.6% o households wi at least ane telly set) in the Unitit States.<ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|title=Cable Network Coverage Area Household Universe Estimates: January 2016|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|publisher=[[NewBay Media]]|date=Januar 31, 2016|accessdate=Februar 3, 2017|archive-date=2017-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202182549/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|url-status=dead}}</ref> == History == [[File:2010_Disney_Channel_logo.svg|left|thumb|150x150px|The 2010 logo uised for Disney Channel.]] Disney Channel lencht in the US as a premium channel at 7:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren US Time on the 18t Apryle 1983, unner the name '''The Disney Channel'''.<ref name="vernon">{{cite news|author=Vernon Scott|date=April 19, 1983|title=Disney invades cable TV|page=8|newspaper=[[TimesDaily]]|agency=[[United Press International]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&pg=1920,4087795&dq=disney-channel&hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517050808/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&pg=1920,4087795&dq=disney-channel&hl=en|archive-date=17 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Win Fanning|date=April 5, 1983|title=Mickey to star on Disney Channel|page=31|newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|publisher=[[Cox Enterprises]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&pg=7193,677930&dq=good+morning+mickey&hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518060259/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&pg=7193,677930&dq=good+morning+mickey&hl=en|archive-date=18 May 2022}}</ref> The channel wis developed wi a haun frae its foondin preses Alan Wagner, an the launch of its faimily-orientit cable channel wis annooncit formal-like in early 1983. The channel – thit stairtit wi a 16-oor-a-day programmin schedule frae 7:00&nbsp;a.m. til 11:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren an Paceefic US Time – wad stairt tae be available on cable providers in aw 50 U.S. statesbi September 1983, an accressit a base o mair nor 611,000 subscriber bi Disember that year.<ref name="vernon" />{{sfn|Grover|1991|p=148}}<ref name="ks">{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|date=April 1, 1998|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|newspaper=KidScreen.com|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=30 June 2017}}</ref> In October 1983, the channel pit oot its first made-for-cable film, ''Tiger Town'', thit haed earned the channel a CableACE Award.<ref name="ks" /> The channel haed become profitable bi Januar 1985, wi its programmin raxin 1.75&nbsp;million subscriber bi that pynt. In September 1990, TCI's [[Montgomery, Alabama]] seestem became the first cable provider tae cairy the channel as a basic cable service.<ref name="ks" /> Atweesh 1991 an 1996, a steadily heezin nummer o cable providers stairtit shiftin The Disney Channel frae a premium eik-on offerin tae thair basic tiers, aither as an experiment or fou-time; hounaiver, Walt Disney Company executives put doun ony plans tae convert the channel intae an ad-supportit basic service, statin thit the premium-to-basic shifts on some providers wis pairt o a five-year "hybrid" strategy thit alloued providers tae offer the channel in either manner.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 25, 1991|title=Jones to offer Disney on basic tier in Fla.|periodical=[[Multichannel News]]|publisher=[[Reed Business Information|Cahners Business Information]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034122/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref><ref name="highbeam1991">{{cite news|date=September 30, 1991|title=More systems trying Disney on expanded basic|periodical=Multichannel News|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034253/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=May 27, 1996|title=Marcus moves Disney; Marcus Cable makes The Disney Channel part of its basic service; analysts wonder if Disney is planning major changes|periodical=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034330/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> On the 6t Apryle, 1997, the channel officially rebrandit as '''Disney Channel''', awtho it wis occasionally mercatit as just "'''Disney'''" frae 1997 til 2002. == Programmin == === Film librar === televeesion films hiv been produced for braidcast on Disney Channel an aw, frae its lench unner the ''Disney Channel Premiere Films'' banner, wi the first film lowsed bein ''Tiger Town'' in 1983, until October 1997. That wis whan thay stappit uisin the "Premiere Films" label an renamed it tae the "Disney Channel Original Movies" (DCOM; Scots: Disney Channel Oreeginal Films) efterwids. The first film to be lowsed unner the Disney Channel Original Movie category wis ''Under Wraps'', a Hallae E'en themed film thit aired for the first time on Disney Channel on the 15t October, 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815213719/https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=15 August 2022|access-date=2023-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What Is The Best Disney Channel Original Movie Of All Time? Vote Now|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201151928/https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=MTV|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Disney Channel Premiere Films|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150424/https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Under Wraps (television)|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}</ref> The maist successfu oreeginal film unner the banner in terms o popularity an accolades is ''High School Musical 2'', debuted on the 17t August, 2007, tae 17.2 million viewer an set a current langstaunin record for the heichest-ratit televeesion premiere in the history o the channel.<ref name="variety">{{cite news|author=Rick Kissell|author2=Michael Schneider|date=August 18, 2007|title='High School Musical 2' huge hit|periodical=Variety|publisher=Reed Business Information|url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/high-school-musical-2-aces-test-1117970479/|url-status=live|access-date=August 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823105546/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117970479.html?categoryid=14&cs=1|archive-date=23 August 2007}}</ref> Efter ''High School Musical 2'', the film thit haed the seicont heichest-ratit Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premiere wis ''Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie'', follaed bi ''Camp Rock'', ''[[Descendants 2]]'', ''Princess Protection Program'', ''Teen Beach Movie'', an ''Jump In!''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Highest-Rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) Premieres|url=https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=List Challenges}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Crupi|first=Anthony|date=August 31, 2009|title=Disney's 'Wizards' Conjures Up 11.4 Million Viewers|url=https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=www.adweek.com|language=en-US}}</ref> It set a basic cable record for the single maist-watched televeesion program an aw, until 3rd Disember, 2007, whan corporate sister channel, [[ESPN]], surpassed it wi the telecast o an [[National Football League|NFL]] gemm atweesh the [[New England Patriots]] an Baltimore Ravens on its ''Monday Night Football'' programme bi 0.3 million viewer mair (17.5 million viewer). ''The Cheetah Girls'' media franchise wis notably successfu an aw in terms o merchandise an sales for its concert tours an soondtrack albums. Its debut film frae 2003, bein the first Disney Channel oreeginal musical televeesion film, premiered tae ower 84 million global viewer an its sequel premiered tae 8.1 million American viewer an in the process became the maist successfu oot o the film series. An 86-date concert tour featurin the eponymous girl group wis rankit as ane o the top 10 concert tour in 2006, smashin the record at the Houston Rodeo previously set bi [[Elvis Presley]] in 1973, selling out with 73,500 tickets in three minutes at one point. In addeetion tae its oreeginal televeesion films, Disney Channel haes richts tae theatrically lowsed feature films, wi some film richts shared wi thair sister network, Freeform. Alangside films lowsed bi [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (mainly made up wi lowswins frae [[Walt Disney Pictures]], Walt Disney Animation Studios an Pixar), the channel hauds the richts tae films frae ither studios an aw. Some films lowsed bi ''Bagdasarian Productions'' (sic as ''The Chipmunk Adventure'' an ''Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein'') hiv aired on Disney Channel an aw, awtho maist o thaim arnae awnt bi ony o the Walt Disney Company's diveesions the nou. === Programmin blocks === ==== Current ==== * '''Disney Jr.''' – A weekday morning block o preschool programmin frae Disney Jr. (Disney Junior prior tae Juin 2024) It debuted on the 14t Februar, 2011, efter the closure o Playhouse Disney; In Juin 2020, [[Mickey Mouse]]-hostit [[Continuity (broadcasting)|continuity]] segments brandit as "Mickey Mornings" war lencht, replacin the previous "Disney Junior on Disney Channel" brandin.<ref>{{cite web|last=Deitchman|first=Beth|date=June 2020|title=How Mickey Mouse is Making Mornings More Magical for Families|url=http://www.d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030190016/https://d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|archive-date=30 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|website=D23 press release}}</ref> The Mickey Mornings brandin wis quietly phased oot in November 2025, revertin back tae the Disney Jr. brandin, follaed bi the interstitials in Disember. ==== Umwhile ==== * '''Disney Nighttime''' (Disney Nichttime) – As '''The Disney Channel''' as a premium channel frae its lench until the 6t Apryle 1997, this block featurt programmin aimed at aulder parental audiences durin the evenin an owernicht oors unner the banner teetle "Disney Nighttime". The content seen in these blocks wis devoid o sexual an violent content. Programmin seen durin Disney Nighttime includit aulder featur films (seemilar tae the yins seen at the time on American Movie Classics, an Turner Classic Movies eventual-like, wi baith Disney film teetles an films frae ither film studios mixed in), alangside oreeginal concert specials (featurin airtists rangin frae [[Rick Springfield]] tae [[Jon Secada]] tae [[Elton John]]), variety specials an documentaries.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} * '''The Magical World of Disney''' (The Magical Warld o Disney) – uised as a Sunday nicht umbrella for films an specials on The Disney Channel frae the 23rd September 1990 til the 24t November 1996, oreeginally airin exclusively on Sunday evenins at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 8, no. 4 (typo in the magazine: should be "no. 5"), September/October 1990: pp. 24, 51.</ref> Frae the 1st Disember 1996, until 2001, ''The Magical World of Disney'' served as the oweraw brandin for Disney Channel's nichtly evenin lineup o films stairtin at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. * '''The American Legacy''' – ran on Tuesday evenins at 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 7t Januar 1992, til the 27t August 1996. Oreeginally lenched in honour o the 500t anniversary o the diskivery o the Unitit States,<ref>{{cite web|title=IN CELEBRATION OF THE 500th BIRTHDAY OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA, THE DISNEY CHANNEL PRESENTS 'THE AMERICAN LEGACY'|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224735/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=28 March 2014|work=The Free Library}}</ref> the block featurt films, documentaries an specials aboot the contributions, history an scenic wonders o the nation. * '''Toonin' Tuesday''' – Rinnin frae the 5t October 1993, til the 27t August 1996, "Toonin' Tuesday" wis a weekly program block featurin a nummer o animatit programs. Ivery Tuesday frae 6:00 tae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific,<ref name="October/November 1993">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 40.</ref> "Toonin' Tuesday" featurt primarily animatit films an specials (awtho reruns o ''The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show'' sometimes aired as pairt o the block an aw).<ref name="October/November 1993" /> The block ended on the 27t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 27.</ref><ref name="August/September 1996">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: p. 29.</ref> * '''Bonus! Thursday''' – Frae the 7t October 1993 til the 29t August 1996, The Disney Channel ran a weekly program block cried "Bonus! Thursday" (or "Bonus!" for short), thit ran ivery Thursday frae 5:00 til 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref name="October/November 1993 TWO">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 33, 40.</ref><ref name="December 1993/January 1994">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 1, December 1993/January 1994: pp. 28, 43.</ref> The block featurt programs aimed at teenagers, includin series sic as ''Kids Incorporated'', ''The All-New Mickey Mouse Club'', a nummer o ''Mickey Mouse Club'' serials (includin ''Teen Angel'' an ''Match Point''), an ''Eerie Indiana'', follaed bi films an specials.<ref name="October/November 1993 TWO" /><ref name="December 1993/January 1994" /> The block endit on the 29t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996" /><ref name="August/September 1996" /> * '''Totally Kids Only''' ("TKO"; Scots: Totally Kids Anely) – an efternoon lineup o live-action an animated series introduced in 1992,<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3 (typo in the magazine: should be "no. 2"), April/May 1996: p. 26.</ref> thit became the oweraw brandin for the channel's daytime children's programs frae 1995 til 1996. * '''Triple Feature Friday''' (Treeple Featur Friday) – ran ivery Friday stairtin at 5:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1993 til the 30t Mey 1997, featurt three separate films – sometimes regairdless o each film's genre – thit war tied tae a speceefic subject<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 58.</ref> * '''Disney Drive-In''' – ran ivery Saturday stairtin at 1:30&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1994 til the 31st August 1996, featurt Disney series sic as ''Zorro'', ''Texas John Slaughter'' an ''Spin and Marty'', follaed bi Disney films an specials<ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 6, October/November 1994: pp. 36, 42.</ref> The block endit on the 31st August 1996 due tae chynges in the channel's schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996: p. 26">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 26.</ref><ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 28, 40, 48–49.</ref> * '''Block Party''' (Block pairty) – Frae the 2nt October 1995 til the 28t August 1996, fower animatit series thit previously aired in syndication on ''The Disney Afternoon'' (''Darkwing Duck'', ''TaleSpin'', ''DuckTales'' an ''Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers'') war rerin thegether on The Disney Channel as a twa-oor programmin block cried "Block Party", thit aired on weekdays frae 5:00 til 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref>"Block Party: Four Disney Animated Series". ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 13, no. 5, October/November 1995: p. 36.</ref> The "Block Party" brandin wis drappit on the 3rd September 1996, whan ''Darkwing Duck'' wis tawn oot as the block's lead-in an ''[[Goof Troop]]'' wis eikit on tae end the lineup.<ref name="June/July 1996: p. 26" /><ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 25, 28, 34.</ref> This unnamed block continued tae air intae 1997.<ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 6, December 1996/January 1997: p. 28.</ref> * '''Magical World of Animals'''{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} (The Magical Warld o Animals) – an oor-lang block consisten o wildlife series aimed at childer thit ran frae August 1997 til 1999. Promotit as an affshoot o the ''Magical World of Disney'' an airin Sunday evenins frae 7:00 til 8:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren Time, the block consistit o twa series: ''Going Wild with Jeff Corwin'' an ''Omba Mokomba''.<ref name="ks2" /> * '''Vault Disney''' – premiered in September 1997,<ref name="ks2">{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|newspaper=KidScreen.com|date=April 1, 1998|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="highbeam1997">{{cite news|date=September 9, 1997|title=Television News & Notes|newspaper=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|publisher=[[North Jersey Media Group]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034132/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> five month efter Disney Channel's first major rebrand, replacin the Disney Nighttime lineup. Oreeginally anely airin on Sunday nichts frae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time,<ref name="ks2" /> Vault Disney expandit til seven nicht a week in September 1998 (the Monday til Saturday edeetions o the block at this time aired frae 11:00&nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific; the stairt time o the block as a hale wis muived consistent-like tae midnight daily in September 1999). The vintage programmin featurt durin the late-nicht schedule chynged tae feature anenly Disney-produced televeesion series an specials (sic as ''Zorro'', ''Spin and Marty'', ''The Mickey Mouse Club'' an the Walt Disney anthology televeesion series),<ref name="highbeam1997" /> alang wi aulder Disney televeesion specials. Aulder Disney feature films war pairt o the lineup frae 1997 til 2000 an aw, but aired in a reduced capacity. The block featurt ''The Ink and Paint Club'' an aw, thit's an anthology series featurin Disney animatit shorts, thit became the anely remeenin program on the channel tae feature these shorts bi 1999, efter the remuival o ''Quack Pack'' frae the schedule. The channel discontinued the block in September 2002, in favor o rInnin rerIns o its oreeginal an acquired series durin the late evenin an owernicht oors (thit compared tae the adult-focused ''Vault Disney'', are aimed at childer an teenagers, an audience thit is teepically asleep durin that time period). * '''Zoog Disney''' – lenchit in August 1998,{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} a program block that oreeginally anely aired on weekend efternoons frae 4:00&nbsp;p.m. til 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. The hosts for the block war "Zoogs", whit are animatit anthropomorphic robot/ootlin creatur-hybrid chairacters wi human vyces (some o thaim acted like teenagers). The block unified televeesion and the Internet, allouin viewer comments an scores frae players o ZoogDisney.com's online gemms tae be aired on the channel durin regular programmin in a ticker format (thit the channel continued tae use efter the block was discontinued, hounaiver, the ticker haes been aw but completely drappit frae on-air usage {{as of|May 2010|lc=y}}).<ref name="highbeam1998">{{cite news|date=December 26, 1998|title=Digital L.A. : Truly It's All Happening at the Zoog|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|publisher=[[Times Mirror Company]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034114/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> Frae Juin 2000 til August 2002, the efternoon an primetime lineups on Fridays, Seturdays, and Sundays war branded under the umbrella teetle "Zoog Weekendz". The Zoogs war redesigned wi cel shading an war gieymature vyces in 2000. The hale Zoog Disney block wis phased oot bi September 2002.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Blue|first=Morgan Genevieve|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-FBDgAAQBAJ&q=programming+blocks+of+disney+channel&pg=PT29|title=Girlhood on Disney Channel: Branding, Celebrity, and Femininity|date=2017-03-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317365051|language=en}}</ref> * '''Disney Replay''' – "Disney Replay" wis a block that premiered on the 17t Apryle 2013, featurin episodes frae defunct Disney Channel Original Series thit premiered frae 2000 til 2007 (sic as ''Lizzie McGuire'', ''That's So Raven, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody'' an ''[[Hannah Montana]]'').<ref>{{cite magazine|title='So Weird', 'That's So Raven,' and other shows we want to see on Disney Replay|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|last=Caldwell|first=Sarah|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=April 17, 2013|access-date=August 7, 2014}}</ref> Airin Wadnesday nichts/early Thursday mornins (as a nod tae the popular social media trend "Throwback Thursday"), orrrginally frae 12:00 til 1:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time, the block expandit tae sax oors (rinnin until 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific) on the 14t August 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rack|first=Lori|date=August 20, 2014|title=Disney Channel's expanded replay block here to stay|newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times|Voices]]|url=http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|url-status=dead|access-date=August 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120422/http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|archive-date=August 26, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Programs featurt on Disney Replay war eikit ontae the WATCH Disney Channel service on August 16, 2014. The block wis discontinued on the 28t Apryle 2016, an muived tae Freeform wi a new name: That's So Throwback. * '''Disney XD on Disney Channel''' – "Disney XD on Disney Channel" is the umwhile brandin o twa blocks airin on Friday an Seturday nichts; an animatit block airin Fridays frae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. til 10:00&nbsp;p.m., braidcast series mainly exclusive tae Disney XD sic as ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'', ''Star vs. the Forces of Evil'', ''Milo Murphy's Law'', an ''DuckTales'', an a live-action block airin on Seturdays frae 10:00&nbsp;p.m. til 11:00&nbsp;p.m., airin series ci as ''MECH-X4'' an ''Walk the Prank''. It wis discontinued as Disney XD's carriage became equivalent tae that o Disney Channel. === Bumpers === Atweesh ordinar scheduled programmin an advertisement breaks, Disney Channel features bumpers. The creautor o the fower-note mnemonic introducit for the channel in 2002, wis relatively unkent until being identified as Alex Lasarenko, thit haed wirked wi Tonal Sound and Elias Arts an aw, bi [[YouTube]] documentary channel ''Defunctland'' in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Burlingame|first=Russ|date=2022-11-21|title=Defunctland Has Solved A Wild Disney Channel Mystery|url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/defunctland-has-solved-a-wild-disney-channel-mystery/|access-date=2025-12-03|website=ComicBook.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === Sports === For a period, [[ESPN]]'s braidcasts o the Little League World Series [[basebaw]] tournament frequently featurt cross-promotion wi music-relatit Disney Channel properties, wi past editions hivin featurt collaborations wi ''High School Musical'', the [[Jonas Brothers]], ''Camp Rock'', an ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hudak|first=Kristen|date=2012-08-14|title=Band 1985's Summer Forever is Little League World Series' theme|url=https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043106/https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=ESPN Front Row|language=en-US}}</ref> In Mairch 2023, Disney Channel braidcast a live perfaisonal sportin event for the first time, carryin a youth-orientit alternate braidcast o a [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) gemm—kent as the ''Big City Greens Classic—''as piart o ESPN's kivverage o the league. The braidcast wis themed aroond the Disney Channel animatit series ''Big City Greens'', visualisin data frae the league's player an puck trackin seestem wi 3D animatit players.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=2023-02-14|title=Disney Will Animate ESPN Coverage for Disney Channel to Get Kids Into Hockey|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320135819/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|archive-date=20 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rangers, Capitals in 'Big City Greens' Classic on ESPN, Disney Channel|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney--341043372|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050903/https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney-channel/c-341043372|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-02-15|website=NHL.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dachman|first=Jason|date=2023-03-14|title=ESPN, Disney Take Next Tech Leap in Kids-Focused Broadcast With Live, Animated 'NHL Big City Greens Classic'|url=https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043058/https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Sports Video Group|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Stub/Televeesion}} [[Category:1983 establishments]] [[Category:Televeesion networks]] likoydymgj1i67e5s0j47wh9dz9dmjl 921066 921015 2026-08-18T08:20:15Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 921066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox televeesion chainel | name = Disney Channel | logofile = 2024 Disney Channel text logo.svg | launch = {{Start date and age|1983|04|18}} | owner = [[Disney Channels Worldwide]] | picture format = [[720p]] [[HDTV]]<br>{{small|(downscaled tae [[letterbox]]ed [[480i]] for [[SDTV]]s)}} | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | broadcast area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Burbank, Californie]], U.S. | former names = The Disney Channel {{small|(1983–97)}} | sister names = {{ubl|[[Disney Junior]]|[[Disney XD]]}} | timeshift names = Disney Channel East<br>Disney Channel West | web = {{url|disneychannel.disney.com}} | sat serv 1 = [[DirecTV]] | sat chan 1 = Channel 290 (East; HD/SD)<br>Channel 291 (West; SD only)<br>Channel 1290 ([[Video on Demand|VOD]]) | sat serv 2 = [[Dish Network]] | sat chan 2 = Channel 172 (east; HD/SD)<br>Channel 173 (west; SD only) | sat serv 3 = [[C band (IEEE)|C-Band]] | sat chan 3 = Galaxy 14 – Channel 107 ([[Headend in the Sky|H2H]] 4DTV)<br>Galaxy 15 – Channel 7 ([[4DTV]] Digital) | cable serv 1 = Available on every American cable provider | cable chan 1 = Channel slots vary | iptv serv 1 = [[Verizon FiOS]] | iptv chan 1 = Channel 250 (SD)<br>Channel 780 (HD) | iptv serv 2 = [[AT&T U-verse]] | iptv chan 2 = Channel 302 (East; SD)<br>Channel 303 (West; SD only)<br>Channel 1303 (HD) | iptv serv 3 = [[Google Fiber]] | iptv chan 3 = Channel 427 (SD/HD) | online serv 1 = [[Sling TV]] | online chan 1 = [[IPTV|Internet protocol television]] | online serv 2 = [[DirecTV Now]] | online chan 2 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | online serv 3 = [[PlayStation Vue]] | online chan 3 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | online serv 4 = [[Hulu|Hulu Live TV]] | online chan 4 = [[IPTV|Internet Protocol television]] | years_active =1983&ndash;present }} '''Disney Channel''' (oreeginally cried '''The Disney Channel''' frae 1983 tae 1997 an commonly shortened tae '''Disney''' frae 1997 tae 2002) is an American basic cable an satellite televeesion netwark that serves as the flagship property o owner Disney Channels televeesion Group, itself a unit o the Disney Media Networks division o [[The Walt Disney Company]]. Disney Channel's [[televeesion programme|programmin]] consists o oreeginal first-run [[childer's televeesion series|televeesion series]], theatrically released an oreeginal made-for-cable [[Film|movies]] an select ither third-party programmin. Disney Channel – which formerly operated as a premium service – oreeginally marketed its programs towards families durin the 1980s, an later at younger bairns bi the 2000s. A majority o Disney Channel's oreeginal programmin is aimed at bairns ages 9–16, while its Disney Junior programs are targeted at bairns 8 years an under. As o Januar 2016, Disney Channel is available tae approximately 93.9 million pay telly households (80.6% o households wi at least ane telly set) in the Unitit States.<ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|title=Cable Network Coverage Area Household Universe Estimates: January 2016|work=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|publisher=[[NewBay Media]]|date=Januar 31, 2016|accessdate=Februar 3, 2017|archive-date=2017-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202182549/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590|url-status=dead}}</ref> == History == [[File:2010_Disney_Channel_logo.svg|left|thumb|150x150px|The 2010 logo uised for Disney Channel.]] Disney Channel lencht in the US as a premium channel at 7:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren US Time on the 18t Apryle 1983, unner the name '''The Disney Channel'''.<ref name="vernon">{{cite news|author=Vernon Scott|date=April 19, 1983|title=Disney invades cable TV|page=8|newspaper=[[TimesDaily]]|agency=[[United Press International]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&pg=1920,4087795&dq=disney-channel&hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517050808/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P2YeAAAAIBAJ&pg=1920,4087795&dq=disney-channel&hl=en|archive-date=17 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Win Fanning|date=April 5, 1983|title=Mickey to star on Disney Channel|page=31|newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|publisher=[[Cox Enterprises]]|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&pg=7193,677930&dq=good+morning+mickey&hl=en|url-status=live|access-date=October 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518060259/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jsxRAAAAIBAJ&pg=7193,677930&dq=good+morning+mickey&hl=en|archive-date=18 May 2022}}</ref> The channel wis developed wi a haun frae its foondin preses Alan Wagner, an the launch of its faimily-orientit cable channel wis annooncit formal-like in early 1983. The channel – thit stairtit wi a 16-oor-a-day programmin schedule frae 7:00&nbsp;a.m. til 11:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren an Paceefic US Time – wad stairt tae be available on cable providers in aw 50 U.S. statesbi September 1983, an accressit a base o mair nor 611,000 subscriber bi Disember that year.<ref name="vernon" />{{sfn|Grover|1991|p=148}}<ref name="ks">{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|date=April 1, 1998|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|newspaper=KidScreen.com|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=30 June 2017}}</ref> In October 1983, the channel pit oot its first made-for-cable film, ''Tiger Town'', thit haed earned the channel a CableACE Award.<ref name="ks" /> The channel haed become profitable bi Januar 1985, wi its programmin raxin 1.75&nbsp;million subscriber bi that pynt. In September 1990, TCI's [[Montgomery, Alabama]] seestem became the first cable provider tae cairy the channel as a basic cable service.<ref name="ks" /> Atweesh 1991 an 1996, a steadily heezin nummer o cable providers stairtit shiftin The Disney Channel frae a premium eik-on offerin tae thair basic tiers, aither as an experiment or fou-time; hounaiver, Walt Disney Company executives put doun ony plans tae convert the channel intae an ad-supportit basic service, statin thit the premium-to-basic shifts on some providers wis pairt o a five-year "hybrid" strategy thit alloued providers tae offer the channel in either manner.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 25, 1991|title=Jones to offer Disney on basic tier in Fla.|periodical=[[Multichannel News]]|publisher=[[Reed Business Information|Cahners Business Information]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034122/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10493789.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref><ref name="highbeam1991">{{cite news|date=September 30, 1991|title=More systems trying Disney on expanded basic|periodical=Multichannel News|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034253/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11343830.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=May 27, 1996|title=Marcus moves Disney; Marcus Cable makes The Disney Channel part of its basic service; analysts wonder if Disney is planning major changes|periodical=[[Broadcasting & Cable]]|publisher=Cahners Business Information|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034330/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-18333380.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> On the 6t Apryle, 1997, the channel officially rebrandit as '''Disney Channel''', awtho it wis occasionally mercatit as just "'''Disney'''" frae 1997 til 2002. == Programmin == === Film librar === televeesion films hiv been produced for braidcast on Disney Channel an aw, frae its lench unner the ''Disney Channel Premiere Films'' banner, wi the first film lowsed bein ''Tiger Town'' in 1983, until October 1997. That wis whan thay stappit uisin the "Premiere Films" label an renamed it tae the "Disney Channel Original Movies" (DCOM; Scots: Disney Channel Oreeginal Films) efterwids. The first film to be lowsed unner the Disney Channel Original Movie category wis ''Under Wraps'', a Hallae E'en themed film thit aired for the first time on Disney Channel on the 15t October, 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815213719/https://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|archive-date=15 August 2022|access-date=2023-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What Is The Best Disney Channel Original Movie Of All Time? Vote Now|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201151928/https://www.mtv.com/news/xyxyva/best-dcom-of-all-time-ranking-dcom|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=MTV|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Disney Channel Premiere Films|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150424/https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-channel-premiere-films/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Under Wraps (television)|url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://d23.com/a-to-z/under-wraps-television/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=D23|language=en-US}}</ref> The maist successfu oreeginal film unner the banner in terms o popularity an accolades is ''High School Musical 2'', debuted on the 17t August, 2007, tae 17.2 million viewer an set a current langstaunin record for the heichest-ratit televeesion premiere in the history o the channel.<ref name="variety">{{cite news|author=Rick Kissell|author2=Michael Schneider|date=August 18, 2007|title='High School Musical 2' huge hit|periodical=Variety|publisher=Reed Business Information|url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/high-school-musical-2-aces-test-1117970479/|url-status=live|access-date=August 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823105546/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117970479.html?categoryid=14&cs=1|archive-date=23 August 2007}}</ref> Efter ''High School Musical 2'', the film thit haed the seicont heichest-ratit Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premiere wis ''Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie'', follaed bi ''Camp Rock'', ''[[Descendants 2]]'', ''Princess Protection Program'', ''Teen Beach Movie'', an ''Jump In!''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Highest-Rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) Premieres|url=https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.listchallenges.com/highest-rated-disney-channel-original-movie|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=List Challenges}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Crupi|first=Anthony|date=August 31, 2009|title=Disney's 'Wizards' Conjures Up 11.4 Million Viewers|url=https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201150427/https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-million-viewers-113240/|archive-date=1 February 2023|access-date=2023-02-01|website=www.adweek.com|language=en-US}}</ref> It set a basic cable record for the single maist-watched televeesion program an aw, until 3rd Disember, 2007, whan corporate sister channel, [[ESPN]], surpassed it wi the telecast o an [[National Football League|NFL]] gemm atweesh the [[New England Patriots]] an Baltimore Ravens on its ''Monday Night Football'' programme bi 0.3 million viewer mair (17.5 million viewer). ''The Cheetah Girls'' media franchise wis notably successfu an aw in terms o merchandise an sales for its concert tours an soondtrack albums. Its debut film frae 2003, bein the first Disney Channel oreeginal musical televeesion film, premiered tae ower 84 million global viewer an its sequel premiered tae 8.1 million American viewer an in the process became the maist successfu oot o the film series. An 86-date concert tour featurin the eponymous girl group wis rankit as ane o the top 10 concert tour in 2006, smashin the record at the Houston Rodeo previously set bi [[Elvis Presley]] in 1973, selling out with 73,500 tickets in three minutes at one point. In addeetion tae its oreeginal televeesion films, Disney Channel haes richts tae theatrically lowsed feature films, wi some film richts shared wi thair sister network, Freeform. Alangside films lowsed bi [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (mainly made up wi lowswins frae [[Walt Disney Pictures]], Walt Disney Animation Studios an Pixar), the channel hauds the richts tae films frae ither studios an aw. Some films lowsed bi ''Bagdasarian Productions'' (sic as ''The Chipmunk Adventure'' an ''Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein'') hiv aired on Disney Channel an aw, awtho maist o thaim arnae awnt bi ony o the Walt Disney Company's diveesions the nou. === Programmin blocks === ==== Current ==== * '''Disney Jr.''' – A weekday morning block o preschool programmin frae Disney Jr. (Disney Junior prior tae Juin 2024) It debuted on the 14t Februar, 2011, efter the closure o Playhouse Disney; In Juin 2020, [[Mickey Mouse]]-hostit [[Continuity (broadcasting)|continuity]] segments brandit as "Mickey Mornings" war lencht, replacin the previous "Disney Junior on Disney Channel" brandin.<ref>{{cite web|last=Deitchman|first=Beth|date=June 2020|title=How Mickey Mouse is Making Mornings More Magical for Families|url=http://www.d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030190016/https://d23.com/how-mickey-mouse-is-making-mornings-more-magical-for-families/|archive-date=30 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|website=D23 press release}}</ref> The Mickey Mornings brandin wis quietly phased oot in November 2025, revertin back tae the Disney Jr. brandin, follaed bi the interstitials in Disember. ==== Umwhile ==== * '''Disney Nighttime''' (Disney Nichttime) – As '''The Disney Channel''' as a premium channel frae its lench until the 6t Apryle 1997, this block featurt programmin aimed at aulder parental audiences durin the evenin an owernicht oors unner the banner teetle "Disney Nighttime". The content seen in these blocks wis devoid o sexual an violent content. Programmin seen durin Disney Nighttime includit aulder featur films (seemilar tae the yins seen at the time on American Movie Classics, an Turner Classic Movies eventual-like, wi baith Disney film teetles an films frae ither film studios mixed in), alangside oreeginal concert specials (featurin airtists rangin frae [[Rick Springfield]] tae [[Jon Secada]] tae [[Elton John]]), variety specials an documentaries.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} * '''The Magical World of Disney''' (The Magical Warld o Disney) – uised as a Sunday nicht umbrella for films an specials on The Disney Channel frae the 23rd September 1990 til the 24t November 1996, oreeginally airin exclusively on Sunday evenins at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 8, no. 4 (typo in the magazine: should be "no. 5"), September/October 1990: pp. 24, 51.</ref> Frae the 1st Disember 1996, until 2001, ''The Magical World of Disney'' served as the oweraw brandin for Disney Channel's nichtly evenin lineup o films stairtin at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. * '''The American Legacy''' – ran on Tuesday evenins at 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 7t Januar 1992, til the 27t August 1996. Oreeginally lenched in honour o the 500t anniversary o the diskivery o the Unitit States,<ref>{{cite web|title=IN CELEBRATION OF THE 500th BIRTHDAY OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA, THE DISNEY CHANNEL PRESENTS 'THE AMERICAN LEGACY'|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224735/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/IN+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+500th+BIRTHDAY+OF+THE+DISCOVERY+OF+AMERICA,+THE...-a011716932|archive-date=28 March 2014|access-date=28 March 2014|work=The Free Library}}</ref> the block featurt films, documentaries an specials aboot the contributions, history an scenic wonders o the nation. * '''Toonin' Tuesday''' – Rinnin frae the 5t October 1993, til the 27t August 1996, "Toonin' Tuesday" wis a weekly program block featurin a nummer o animatit programs. Ivery Tuesday frae 6:00 tae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific,<ref name="October/November 1993">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 40.</ref> "Toonin' Tuesday" featurt primarily animatit films an specials (awtho reruns o ''The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show'' sometimes aired as pairt o the block an aw).<ref name="October/November 1993" /> The block ended on the 27t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 27.</ref><ref name="August/September 1996">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: p. 29.</ref> * '''Bonus! Thursday''' – Frae the 7t October 1993 til the 29t August 1996, The Disney Channel ran a weekly program block cried "Bonus! Thursday" (or "Bonus!" for short), thit ran ivery Thursday frae 5:00 til 9:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref name="October/November 1993 TWO">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 33, 40.</ref><ref name="December 1993/January 1994">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 1, December 1993/January 1994: pp. 28, 43.</ref> The block featurt programs aimed at teenagers, includin series sic as ''Kids Incorporated'', ''The All-New Mickey Mouse Club'', a nummer o ''Mickey Mouse Club'' serials (includin ''Teen Angel'' an ''Match Point''), an ''Eerie Indiana'', follaed bi films an specials.<ref name="October/November 1993 TWO" /><ref name="December 1993/January 1994" /> The block endit on the 29t August 1996 due tae chynges tae the channel's programmin schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996" /><ref name="August/September 1996" /> * '''Totally Kids Only''' ("TKO"; Scots: Totally Kids Anely) – an efternoon lineup o live-action an animated series introduced in 1992,<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3 (typo in the magazine: should be "no. 2"), April/May 1996: p. 26.</ref> thit became the oweraw brandin for the channel's daytime children's programs frae 1995 til 1996. * '''Triple Feature Friday''' (Treeple Featur Friday) – ran ivery Friday stairtin at 5:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1993 til the 30t Mey 1997, featurt three separate films – sometimes regairdless o each film's genre – thit war tied tae a speceefic subject<ref> ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 11, no. 6, October/November 1993: pp. 32–33, 58.</ref> * '''Disney Drive-In''' – ran ivery Saturday stairtin at 1:30&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific frae the 8t October 1994 til the 31st August 1996, featurt Disney series sic as ''Zorro'', ''Texas John Slaughter'' an ''Spin and Marty'', follaed bi Disney films an specials<ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 12, no. 6, October/November 1994: pp. 36, 42.</ref> The block endit on the 31st August 1996 due tae chynges in the channel's schedule.<ref name="June/July 1996: p. 26">''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 3, June/July 1996: p. 26.</ref><ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 28, 40, 48–49.</ref> * '''Block Party''' (Block pairty) – Frae the 2nt October 1995 til the 28t August 1996, fower animatit series thit previously aired in syndication on ''The Disney Afternoon'' (''Darkwing Duck'', ''TaleSpin'', ''DuckTales'' an ''Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers'') war rerin thegether on The Disney Channel as a twa-oor programmin block cried "Block Party", thit aired on weekdays frae 5:00 til 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific.<ref>"Block Party: Four Disney Animated Series". ''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 13, no. 5, October/November 1995: p. 36.</ref> The "Block Party" brandin wis drappit on the 3rd September 1996, whan ''Darkwing Duck'' wis tawn oot as the block's lead-in an ''[[Goof Troop]]'' wis eikit on tae end the lineup.<ref name="June/July 1996: p. 26" /><ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 4, August/September 1996: pp. 25, 28, 34.</ref> This unnamed block continued tae air intae 1997.<ref>''The Disney Channel Magazine'', Vol. 14, no. 6, December 1996/January 1997: p. 28.</ref> * '''Magical World of Animals'''{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} (The Magical Warld o Animals) – an oor-lang block consisten o wildlife series aimed at childer thit ran frae August 1997 til 1999. Promotit as an affshoot o the ''Magical World of Disney'' an airin Sunday evenins frae 7:00 til 8:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren Time, the block consistit o twa series: ''Going Wild with Jeff Corwin'' an ''Omba Mokomba''.<ref name="ks2" /> * '''Vault Disney''' – premiered in September 1997,<ref name="ks2">{{cite news|author=Kidscreen Staff|title=A Salute to Disney Channel: Disney Channel time line|url=http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|newspaper=KidScreen.com|date=April 1, 1998|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630112321/http://kidscreen.com/1998/04/01/21442-19980401/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="highbeam1997">{{cite news|date=September 9, 1997|title=Television News & Notes|newspaper=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|publisher=[[North Jersey Media Group]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034132/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22405127.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> five month efter Disney Channel's first major rebrand, replacin the Disney Nighttime lineup. Oreeginally anely airin on Sunday nichts frae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time,<ref name="ks2" /> Vault Disney expandit til seven nicht a week in September 1998 (the Monday til Saturday edeetions o the block at this time aired frae 11:00&nbsp;p.m. til 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific; the stairt time o the block as a hale wis muived consistent-like tae midnight daily in September 1999). The vintage programmin featurt durin the late-nicht schedule chynged tae feature anenly Disney-produced televeesion series an specials (sic as ''Zorro'', ''Spin and Marty'', ''The Mickey Mouse Club'' an the Walt Disney anthology televeesion series),<ref name="highbeam1997" /> alang wi aulder Disney televeesion specials. Aulder Disney feature films war pairt o the lineup frae 1997 til 2000 an aw, but aired in a reduced capacity. The block featurt ''The Ink and Paint Club'' an aw, thit's an anthology series featurin Disney animatit shorts, thit became the anely remeenin program on the channel tae feature these shorts bi 1999, efter the remuival o ''Quack Pack'' frae the schedule. The channel discontinued the block in September 2002, in favor o rInnin rerIns o its oreeginal an acquired series durin the late evenin an owernicht oors (thit compared tae the adult-focused ''Vault Disney'', are aimed at childer an teenagers, an audience thit is teepically asleep durin that time period). * '''Zoog Disney''' – lenchit in August 1998,{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} a program block that oreeginally anely aired on weekend efternoons frae 4:00&nbsp;p.m. til 7:00&nbsp;p.m. Eastren/Pacific. The hosts for the block war "Zoogs", whit are animatit anthropomorphic robot/ootlin creatur-hybrid chairacters wi human vyces (some o thaim acted like teenagers). The block unified televeesion and the Internet, allouin viewer comments an scores frae players o ZoogDisney.com's online gemms tae be aired on the channel durin regular programmin in a ticker format (thit the channel continued tae use efter the block was discontinued, hounaiver, the ticker haes been aw but completely drappit frae on-air usage {{as of|May 2010|lc=y}}).<ref name="highbeam1998">{{cite news|date=December 26, 1998|title=Digital L.A. : Truly It's All Happening at the Zoog|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|publisher=[[Times Mirror Company]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624034114/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83849759.html|archive-date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> Frae Juin 2000 til August 2002, the efternoon an primetime lineups on Fridays, Seturdays, and Sundays war branded under the umbrella teetle "Zoog Weekendz". The Zoogs war redesigned wi cel shading an war gieymature vyces in 2000. The hale Zoog Disney block wis phased oot bi September 2002.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Blue|first=Morgan Genevieve|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-FBDgAAQBAJ&q=programming+blocks+of+disney+channel&pg=PT29|title=Girlhood on Disney Channel: Branding, Celebrity, and Femininity|date=2017-03-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317365051|language=en}}</ref> * '''Disney Replay''' – "Disney Replay" wis a block that premiered on the 17t Apryle 2013, featurin episodes frae defunct Disney Channel Original Series thit premiered frae 2000 til 2007 (sic as ''Lizzie McGuire'', ''That's So Raven, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody'' an ''[[Hannah Montana]]'').<ref>{{cite magazine|title='So Weird', 'That's So Raven,' and other shows we want to see on Disney Replay|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|last=Caldwell|first=Sarah|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=April 17, 2013|access-date=August 7, 2014|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006124020/http://family-room.ew.com/2013/04/17/so-weird-thats-so-raven-disney-replay/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Airin Wadnesday nichts/early Thursday mornins (as a nod tae the popular social media trend "Throwback Thursday"), orrrginally frae 12:00 til 1:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific Time, the block expandit tae sax oors (rinnin until 6:00&nbsp;a.m. Eastren/Pacific) on the 14t August 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rack|first=Lori|date=August 20, 2014|title=Disney Channel's expanded replay block here to stay|newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times|Voices]]|url=http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|url-status=dead|access-date=August 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120422/http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/disney-channels-expanded-replay-block-here-to-stay/|archive-date=August 26, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Programs featurt on Disney Replay war eikit ontae the WATCH Disney Channel service on August 16, 2014. The block wis discontinued on the 28t Apryle 2016, an muived tae Freeform wi a new name: That's So Throwback. * '''Disney XD on Disney Channel''' – "Disney XD on Disney Channel" is the umwhile brandin o twa blocks airin on Friday an Seturday nichts; an animatit block airin Fridays frae 9:00&nbsp;p.m. til 10:00&nbsp;p.m., braidcast series mainly exclusive tae Disney XD sic as ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'', ''Star vs. the Forces of Evil'', ''Milo Murphy's Law'', an ''DuckTales'', an a live-action block airin on Seturdays frae 10:00&nbsp;p.m. til 11:00&nbsp;p.m., airin series ci as ''MECH-X4'' an ''Walk the Prank''. It wis discontinued as Disney XD's carriage became equivalent tae that o Disney Channel. === Bumpers === Atweesh ordinar scheduled programmin an advertisement breaks, Disney Channel features bumpers. The creautor o the fower-note mnemonic introducit for the channel in 2002, wis relatively unkent until being identified as Alex Lasarenko, thit haed wirked wi Tonal Sound and Elias Arts an aw, bi [[YouTube]] documentary channel ''Defunctland'' in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Burlingame|first=Russ|date=2022-11-21|title=Defunctland Has Solved A Wild Disney Channel Mystery|url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/defunctland-has-solved-a-wild-disney-channel-mystery/|access-date=2025-12-03|website=ComicBook.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === Sports === For a period, [[ESPN]]'s braidcasts o the Little League World Series [[basebaw]] tournament frequently featurt cross-promotion wi music-relatit Disney Channel properties, wi past editions hivin featurt collaborations wi ''High School Musical'', the [[Jonas Brothers]], ''Camp Rock'', an ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hudak|first=Kristen|date=2012-08-14|title=Band 1985's Summer Forever is Little League World Series' theme|url=https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043106/https://www.espnfrontrow.com/2012/08/band-1985s-summer-forever-is-little-league-world-series-theme/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=ESPN Front Row|language=en-US}}</ref> In Mairch 2023, Disney Channel braidcast a live perfaisonal sportin event for the first time, carryin a youth-orientit alternate braidcast o a [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) gemm—kent as the ''Big City Greens Classic—''as piart o ESPN's kivverage o the league. The braidcast wis themed aroond the Disney Channel animatit series ''Big City Greens'', visualisin data frae the league's player an puck trackin seestem wi 3D animatit players.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=2023-02-14|title=Disney Will Animate ESPN Coverage for Disney Channel to Get Kids Into Hockey|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320135819/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-espn-animated-nhl-hockey-big-city-greens-1235522327/|archive-date=20 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rangers, Capitals in 'Big City Greens' Classic on ESPN, Disney Channel|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney--341043372|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315050903/https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-washington-to-play-in-big-city-greens-classic-on-espn-disney-channel/c-341043372|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-02-15|website=NHL.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dachman|first=Jason|date=2023-03-14|title=ESPN, Disney Take Next Tech Leap in Kids-Focused Broadcast With Live, Animated 'NHL Big City Greens Classic'|url=https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043058/https://www.sportsvideo.org/2023/03/14/espn-disney-take-next-tech-leap-in-kids-focused-broadcast-with-live-animated-nhl-big-city-greens-classic/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-15|website=Sports Video Group|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Stub/Televeesion}} [[Category:1983 establishments]] [[Category:Televeesion networks]] 2pujagjh62o2igabqhtchfw40hgid6j 0 3941 920903 889347 2026-08-17T16:45:12Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = New Zealand |native_name = ''Aotearoa'' |common_name = New Zealand |image_flag = Flag of New Zealand.svg |image_coat = Coat of Arms of New Zealand.svg |image_map = NZL orthographic NaturalEarth.svg |map_caption = Location o New Zealand within the [[Realm o New Zealand]] |national_anthem = {{unbulleted list | "[[God Defend New Zealand]]"<br /><center>[[File:God Defend New Zealand instrumental.ogg]]<center> | "[[God_Save_the_Queen|God Save the King]]" <ref>http://www.mch.govt.nz/anthem/index.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424065003/http://www.mch.govt.nz/nz-identity-heritage/national-anthems |date=2013-04-24 }})</ref> }} |capital = [[Wellington]] |coordinates = {{Coord|41|17|S|174|27|E|type:city}} |largest_city = [[Auckland]] |official_languages = {{unbulleted list | 95.9% [[Inglis leid|Inglish]] | 4.2% [[Māori leid|Māori]] | {{nowrap|0.6% [[New Zealandic Sign Leid]]}} }} |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 74.0% [[European New Zealanders|European]] | 14.9% [[Māori fowk|Māori]] | 11.8% [[Asian fowk|Asian]] | 7.4% [[Pacific Islander|Paceefic fowks]] | 1.2% Middle Eastren, [[Latin American]], African | 1.7% Ither<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-about-national-highlights/cultural-diversity.aspx |title=2013 Census – Cultural Diversity |publisher=Statistics New Zealand |access-date=2014-07-05 |archive-date=2014-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006090911/http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-about-national-highlights/cultural-diversity.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} |demonym = {{unbulleted list |New Zealander|New Zealandic|{{nowrap|[[Kiwi (fowk)|Kiwi]] {{small|(colloquial)}}}}}} |government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]] |leader_title1 = [[Monarchy o New Zealand|Monarch]] |leader_name1 = [[Charles III]] |leader_title2 = Govrenor-General |leader_name2 = [[Cindy Kiro]] |leader_title3 = [[Prime Meenister o New Zealand|Prime Meenister]] |leader_name3 = [[Jacinda Ardern]] |legislature = [[New Zealand Pairlament|Pairlament]]<br />{{small|(Hoose o Representatives)}} |sovereignty_type = [[Unthirldom o New Zealand|Independence]] |sovereignty_note = frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]] |established_event1 = [[New Zealand Constitution Act 1852]] |established_date1 = 17 January 1853 |established_event2 = [[Dominion o New Zealand|Dominion]] |established_date2 = 26 September 1907 |established_event3 = [[Statute o Westminster Adoption Act 1947]] |established_date3 = 25 November 1947 |established_event4 = [[Constitution Act 1986]] |established_date4 = 13 December 1986 |area_rank = 75t |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_km2 = 268,021 |area_sq_mi = 103,483 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 1.6 |population_estimate =4,537,081<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/tools_and_services/tools/population_clock.aspx |title=Estimated resident population of New Zealand |publisher=Statistics New Zealand |date=30 January 2014 |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=2011-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724200026/http://www.stats.govt.nz/tools_and_services/tools/population_clock.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_estimate_year = June&nbsp;2014 |population_estimate_rank = 123rd |population_census = 4,242,048<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/population/census_counts/NumberofElectoratesandElectoralPopulations_MR2013Census.aspx |title=Number of Electorates and Electoral Populations: 2013 Census – Media Release |work=2013 Census |publisher=Statistics New Zealand |access-date=7 October 2013}}</ref> |population_census_year = 2013 |population_density_km2 = 16.5 |population_density_sq_mi = 42.7 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 205t |GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$122.193 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=57&pr.y=12&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=196&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=New Zealand |work=International Monetary Fund |access-date=20 April 2012}}</ref>}} |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2013 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,493<ref name="imf2" /> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$181.3 billion<ref name="imf2" />}} |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2013 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $40,481<ref name="imf2" /> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = 1997 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = 36.2 <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Equality and inequality: Gini index |work=[[Human Development Report]] 2009 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |access-date=14 April 2011 |archive-date=2009-10-17 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5kbHWMLQA?url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.919 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR2013_EN_Summary.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2013 |publisher=United Nations |access-date=5 May 2013 |page=16 |archive-date=2019-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808102732/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR2013_EN_Summary.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |HDI_rank = 6th |currency = [[New Zealand dollar]] |currency_code = NZD |country_code = NZ |time_zone = [[Time in New Zealand|NZST]] |utc_offset = +12 |time_zone_DST = [[Time in New Zealand|NZDT]] |utc_offset_DST = +13 |DST_note = (Sep to Apr) |date_format= dd/mm/yyyy |drives_on = left |calling_code = [[+64]] |cctld = [[.nz]] }} '''New Zealand''' ({{IPA-endia|njʉː ˈzɪələnd|Inglis pronunciation:}}; {{lang-mi|Aotearoa}} {{IPA-mi|aɔˈtɛaɾɔa|}}) is a [[sovereign state|sovereign]] [[island kintra]] in the soothwastren [[Paceefic Ocean]]. The kintra geografically comprises twa main landmasses—the [[North Island]] (''Te Ika-a-Māui''), an the [[Sooth Island]] (''Te Waipounamu'')—an aroond 600 [[Leet o islands o New Zealand|wee islands]]. New Zealand is situatit some {{convert|1500|km|-2}} east o [[Australie]] athort the [[Tasman Sea]] an reuchly {{convert|1000|km|-2}} sooth o the [[Paceefic Islands|Paceefic island auries]] o [[New Caledonie]], [[Fiji]], an [[Tonga]]. Acause o its remoteness, it wis ane o the last launds tae be settled bi humans. In its lang period o isolation, New Zealand developit a distinct [[Biodiversity o New Zealand|biodiversity]] o ainimal, fungal, an plant life. The kintra's varied topografie an its shairp moontain peaks, such as the [[Soothren Alps]], awe muckle tae the [[tectonic uplift]] o laund an volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's [[Caipital o New Zealand|caipital ceety]] is [[Wellington]], while its maist populous ceety is [[Auckland]]. Sometime atween 1250 an 1300, [[Polynesies]] settled in the islands that later war named New Zealand an developit a distinctive [[Māori cultur]]. In 1642, Dutch explorer [[Abel Tasman]] becam the first European tae sicht New Zealand. In 1840, representatives o the Unitit Kinrick an [[Māori fowk|Māori]] chiefs signed the [[Treaty o Waitangi]], that declared Breetish sovereignty ower the islands. In 1841, New Zealand [[Colony o New Zealand|becam a colony]] within the [[Breetish Empire]] an in 1907 it [[Domeenion o New Zealand|becam a Domeenion]]; it gained [[Unthirldom o New Zealand|full unthirldom]] in 1947, but the Breetish monarch remeened the [[heid o state]]. The day, the majority o [[New Zealanders|New Zealand's population]] o 4.7 million is o [[European New Zealanders|European strynd]]; the indigenous Māori are the lairgest minority, follaed bi [[Asie New Zealanders|Asies]] an [[Paceefic Islander]]s. Reflectin this, [[Cultur o New Zealand|New Zealand's cultur]] is mainly derived frae Māori an early Breetish settlers, wi recent braidenin arisin frae increased [[Immigration tae New Zealand|immigration]]. The [[Leids o New Zealand|offeecial leids]] are [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], [[Māori leid|Māori]] an [[New Zealand Sign Leid|NZ Sign Leid]], wi Inglis bein verra dominant. New Zealand is a [[developit kintra]] an [[internaitional rankins o New Zealand|ranks heichly]] in internaitional comparisons o naitional performance, sic as quality o life, heal, eddication, an economic freedom. The kintra unnerwent [[Rogernomics|major economic chynges]] in the 1980s, that transformed it frae a [[pertectionist]] tae a [[economic leeberalisation|leeberalised]] [[free-tred]] economy. The service sector dominates the [[Economy o New Zealand|naitional economy]], follaed bi the industrial sector, an [[Agricultur in New Zealand|agricultur]]. Internaitional [[tourism in New Zealand|tourism]] is a signeeficant soorce o revenue. Naitionally, legislative authority is vestit in an elected, [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] [[New Zealand Pairlament|Pairlament]], while executive poleetical pouer is exercised bi the [[Cabinet o New Zealand|Cabinet]], led bi the [[Prime Meenister o New Zealand|Prime Meenister]], that is currently [[Jacinda Ardern]]. [[Charles_III|King Charles III]] is the kintra's heid o state an is representit bi a [[Govrenor-General o New Zealand|govrenor-general]], currently Cindy Kiro. In addeetion, New Zealand is organised intae 11 [[Regions o New Zealand|regional cooncils]] an 67 [[Territorial authorities o New Zealand|territorial authorities]] for local govrenment purposes. The [[Realm o New Zealand]] an aw includes [[Tokelau]] (a [[dependent territory]]); the [[Cook Islands]] an [[Niue]] (sel-govrenin states in [[Associatit state|free association]] wi New Zealand); an the [[Ross Dependency]], that is New Zealand's [[territorial claims in Antarcticae|territorial claim in Antarcticae]]. New Zealand is a member o the [[Unitit Naitions]], [[Commonweel o Naitions]], [[ANZUS]], [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation an Development]], [[Association o Southeast Asie Naitions#ASEAN Plus Three an Six|ASEAN Plus mechanism]], [[Asie-Paceefic Economic Cooperation]], an the [[Pacific Islands Forum]]. == Muckle ceities == * [[Auckland]] * [[Christchurch]] * [[Wellington]] * [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]] * [[Dunedin]] * [[Invercargill]] == See an aa == *[[:Category:New Zealand stubs|New Zealand stub airticles]] == References == {{reflist}} {{Commons category}} [[Category:New Zealand| ]] [[Category:Kintras in Oceanie]] [[Category:Airchipelagoes o the Paceefic Ocean]] [[Category:Constitutional monarchies]] [[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1840]] [[Category:Umwhile Breetish colonies]] [[Category:Island kintras]] [[Category:Leeberal democracies]] [[Category:Members o the Commonweel o Naitions]] [[Category:Polynesie]] [[Category:Zealandie (continent)]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] g0kff6m6ist0v4h30m4dm0vbbkdvcwi 921049 920903 2026-08-17T23:44:50Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox kintra |conventional_long_name = New Zealand |native_name = ''Aotearoa'' |common_name = New Zealand |image_flag = Flag of New Zealand.svg |image_coat = Coat of Arms of New Zealand.svg |image_map = NZL orthographic NaturalEarth.svg |map_caption = Location o New Zealand within the [[Realm o New Zealand]] |national_anthem = {{unbulleted list | "[[God Defend New Zealand]]"<br /><center>[[File:God Defend New Zealand instrumental.ogg]]<center> | "[[God_Save_the_Queen|God Save the King]]" <ref>http://www.mch.govt.nz/anthem/index.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424065003/http://www.mch.govt.nz/nz-identity-heritage/national-anthems |date=2013-04-24 }})</ref> }} |capital = [[Wellington]] |coordinates = {{Coord|41|17|S|174|27|E|type:city}} |largest_city = [[Auckland]] |official_languages = {{unbulleted list | 95.9% [[Inglis leid|Inglish]] | 4.2% [[Māori leid|Māori]] | {{nowrap|0.6% [[New Zealandic Sign Leid]]}} }} |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 74.0% [[European New Zealanders|European]] | 14.9% [[Māori fowk|Māori]] | 11.8% [[Asian fowk|Asian]] | 7.4% [[Pacific Islander|Paceefic fowks]] | 1.2% Middle Eastren, [[Latin American]], African | 1.7% Ither<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-about-national-highlights/cultural-diversity.aspx |title=2013 Census – Cultural Diversity |publisher=Statistics New Zealand |access-date=2014-07-05 |archive-date=2014-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006090911/http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-about-national-highlights/cultural-diversity.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} |demonym = {{unbulleted list |New Zealander|New Zealandic|{{nowrap|[[Kiwi (fowk)|Kiwi]] {{small|(colloquial)}}}}}} |government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]] |leader_title1 = [[Monarchy o New Zealand|Monarch]] |leader_name1 = [[Charles III]] |leader_title2 = Govrenor-General |leader_name2 = [[Cindy Kiro]] |leader_title3 = [[Prime Meenister o New Zealand|Prime Meenister]] |leader_name3 = [[Jacinda Ardern]] |legislature = [[New Zealand Pairlament|Pairlament]]<br />{{small|(Hoose o Representatives)}} |sovereignty_type = [[Unthirldom o New Zealand|Independence]] |sovereignty_note = frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]] |established_event1 = [[New Zealand Constitution Act 1852]] |established_date1 = 17 January 1853 |established_event2 = [[Dominion o New Zealand|Dominion]] |established_date2 = 26 September 1907 |established_event3 = [[Statute o Westminster Adoption Act 1947]] |established_date3 = 25 November 1947 |established_event4 = [[Constitution Act 1986]] |established_date4 = 13 December 1986 |area_rank = 75t |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_km2 = 268,021 |area_sq_mi = 103,483 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 1.6 |population_estimate =4,537,081<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/tools_and_services/tools/population_clock.aspx |title=Estimated resident population of New Zealand |publisher=Statistics New Zealand |date=30 January 2014 |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=2011-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724200026/http://www.stats.govt.nz/tools_and_services/tools/population_clock.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_estimate_year = June&nbsp;2014 |population_estimate_rank = 123rd |population_census = 4,242,048<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/population/census_counts/NumberofElectoratesandElectoralPopulations_MR2013Census.aspx |title=Number of Electorates and Electoral Populations: 2013 Census – Media Release |work=2013 Census |publisher=Statistics New Zealand |access-date=7 October 2013}}</ref> |population_census_year = 2013 |population_density_km2 = 16.5 |population_density_sq_mi = 42.7 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 205t |GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$122.193 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=57&pr.y=12&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=196&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=New Zealand |work=International Monetary Fund |access-date=20 April 2012}}</ref>}} |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2013 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,493<ref name="imf2" /> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$181.3 billion<ref name="imf2" />}} |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2013 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $40,481<ref name="imf2" /> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = 1997 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = 36.2 <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Equality and inequality: Gini index |work=[[Human Development Report]] 2009 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |access-date=14 April 2011 |archive-date=2009-10-17 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5kbHWMLQA?url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.919 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR2013_EN_Summary.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2013 |publisher=United Nations |access-date=5 May 2013 |page=16 |archive-date=2019-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808102732/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR2013_EN_Summary.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |HDI_rank = 6th |currency = [[New Zealand dollar]] |currency_code = NZD |country_code = NZ |time_zone = [[Time in New Zealand|NZST]] |utc_offset = +12 |time_zone_DST = [[Time in New Zealand|NZDT]] |utc_offset_DST = +13 |DST_note = (Sep to Apr) |date_format= dd/mm/yyyy |drives_on = left |calling_code = [[+64]] |cctld = [[.nz]] }} '''New Zealand''' ({{IPA-endia|njʉː ˈzɪələnd|Inglis pronunciation:}}; {{lang-mi|Aotearoa}} {{IPA-mi|aɔˈtɛaɾɔa|}}) is a [[sovereign state|sovereign]] [[island kintra]] in the soothwastren [[Paceefic Ocean]]. The kintra geografically comprises twa main landmasses—the [[North Island]] (''Te Ika-a-Māui''), an the [[Sooth Island]] (''Te Waipounamu'')—an aroond 600 [[Leet o islands o New Zealand|wee islands]]. New Zealand is situatit some {{convert|1500|km|-2}} east o [[Australie]] athort the [[Tasman Sea]] an reuchly {{convert|1000|km|-2}} sooth o the [[Paceefic Islands|Paceefic island auries]] o [[New Caledonie]], [[Fiji]], an [[Tonga]]. Acause o its remoteness, it wis ane o the last launds tae be settled bi humans. In its lang period o isolation, New Zealand developit a distinct [[Biodiversity o New Zealand|biodiversity]] o ainimal, fungal, an plant life. The kintra's varied topografie an its shairp moontain peaks, such as the [[Soothren Alps]], awe muckle tae the [[tectonic uplift]] o laund an volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's [[Caipital o New Zealand|caipital ceety]] is [[Wellington]], while its maist populous ceety is [[Auckland]]. Sometime atween 1250 an 1300, [[Polynesies]] settled in the islands that later war named New Zealand an developit a distinctive [[Māori cultur]]. In 1642, Dutch explorer [[Abel Tasman]] becam the first European tae sicht New Zealand. In 1840, representatives o the Unitit Kinrick an [[Māori fowk|Māori]] chiefs signed the [[Treaty o Waitangi]], that declared Breetish sovereignty ower the islands. In 1841, New Zealand [[Colony o New Zealand|becam a colony]] within the [[Breetish Empire]] an in 1907 it [[Domeenion o New Zealand|becam a Domeenion]]; it gained [[Unthirldom o New Zealand|full unthirldom]] in 1947, but the Breetish monarch remeened the [[heid o state]]. The day, the majority o [[New Zealanders|New Zealand's population]] o 4.7 million is o [[European New Zealanders|European strynd]]; the indigenous Māori are the lairgest minority, follaed bi [[Asie New Zealanders|Asies]] an [[Paceefic Islander]]s. Reflectin this, [[Cultur o New Zealand|New Zealand's cultur]] is mainly derived frae Māori an early Breetish settlers, wi recent braidenin arisin frae increased [[Immigration tae New Zealand|immigration]]. The [[Leids o New Zealand|offeecial leids]] are [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], [[Māori leid|Māori]] an [[New Zealand Sign Leid|NZ Sign Leid]], wi Inglis bein verra dominant. New Zealand is a [[developit kintra]] an [[internaitional rankins o New Zealand|ranks heichly]] in internaitional comparisons o naitional performance, sic as quality o life, heal, eddication, an economic freedom. The kintra unnerwent [[Rogernomics|major economic chynges]] in the 1980s, that transformed it frae a [[pertectionist]] tae a [[economic leeberalisation|leeberalised]] [[free-tred]] economy. The service sector dominates the [[Economy o New Zealand|naitional economy]], follaed bi the industrial sector, an [[Agricultur in New Zealand|agricultur]]. Internaitional [[tourism in New Zealand|tourism]] is a signeeficant soorce o revenue. Naitionally, legislative authority is vestit in an elected, [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] [[New Zealand Pairlament|Pairlament]], while executive poleetical pouer is exercised bi the [[Cabinet o New Zealand|Cabinet]], led bi the [[Prime Meenister o New Zealand|Prime Meenister]], that is currently [[Jacinda Ardern]]. [[Charles_III|King Charles III]] is the kintra's heid o state an is representit bi a [[Govrenor-General o New Zealand|govrenor-general]], currently Cindy Kiro. In addeetion, New Zealand is organised intae 11 [[Regions o New Zealand|regional cooncils]] an 67 [[Territorial authorities o New Zealand|territorial authorities]] for local govrenment purposes. The [[Realm o New Zealand]] an aw includes [[Tokelau]] (a [[dependent territory]]); the [[Cook Islands]] an [[Niue]] (sel-govrenin states in [[Associatit state|free association]] wi New Zealand); an the [[Ross Dependency]], that is New Zealand's [[territorial claims in Antarcticae|territorial claim in Antarcticae]]. New Zealand is a member o the [[Unitit Naitions]], [[Commonweel o Naitions]], [[ANZUS]], [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation an Development]], [[Association o Southeast Asie Naitions#ASEAN Plus Three an Six|ASEAN Plus mechanism]], [[Asie-Paceefic Economic Cooperation]], an the [[Pacific Islands Forum]]. == Muckle ceities == * [[Auckland]] * [[Christchurch]] * [[Wellington]] * [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]] * [[Dunedin]] * [[Invercargill]] == See an aa == *[[:Category:New Zealand stubs|New Zealand stub airticles]] == References == {{reflist}} {{Commons category}} [[Category:New Zealand| ]] [[Category:Kintras in Oceanie]] [[Category:Airchipelagoes o the Paceefic Ocean]] [[Category:Constitutional monarchies]] [[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1840]] [[Category:Umwhile Breetish colonies]] [[Category:Island kintras]] [[Category:Leeberal democracies]] [[Category:Members o the Commonweel o Naitions]] [[Category:Polynesie]] [[Category:Zealandie (continent)]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] opajndo5n1da1j3j6to8hwsspa2nvko 0 4350 920936 911024 2026-08-17T17:54:22Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtins 920936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football tournament | name = UEFA Champions League | current = [[2024–25 UEFA Champions League]] | logo = | founded = 1955 (1992 in its<br />current format) | region = Europe ([[UEFA]]) | number of teams = 32 (group stage)<br />76 or 77 (total) | current champions = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C.]] (2 teetles)}} | most successful club = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|ESP}} Real Madrid (15 teetles)}}<ref>{{cite web |first=M. A. |last=Umair |title=Champions League Winners: The most successful countries and cities |url=http://soccerlens.com/champions-league-wins-per-country/107703/ |work=Soccerlens.com |publisher=Soccerlens.com |date=7 May 2013 |accessdate=10 October 2013 }}</ref> | broadcasters = | song = [[UEFA Champions League Anthem]] | website = {{URL|https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/|uefa.com/uefachampionsleague}} }} The '''UEFA Champions League''' (uisually referred tae as simply the '''Champions League''' or historically as the '''European Cup''') is an annual [[fitbaa|association fitbaa]] cup competition organised bi [[UEFA]] since 1955 for the top fitbaa clubs in Europe. The final o the competition is the maist watched annual sportin event warldwide, drawin juist ower 100&nbsp;million television viewers. Prior tae 1992 the tournament wis offeecially cawed the '''European Champion Clubs' Cup''' but wis uisually referred tae as simply the '''European Cup''' or '''European Champions' Cup'''. The competition wis initially a straight knockoot competition open anerlie tae the champion club o ilka kintra. Durin the 1990s the tournament began tae be expandit, incorporatin a roond-robin group phase an mair teams. Europe's strangest naitional leagues nou provide up tae fower teams ilka for the competeetion. The UEFA Champions League shoud no be ramfeeselt wi the [[UEFA Europa League]], umwhile kent as the UEFA Cup. ==Records and statistics== ===Winners an runners-up=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Club !Winners !Runners-up !class="unsortable"|Years wan !class="unsortable"|Years runners-up |- |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]|| style="text-align:center" |15 || style="text-align:center" |3 ||1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1962, 1964, 1981, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014 2016, 2017, [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League|2018]], [[2021–22 UEFA Champions League|2022]], [[2023–24 UEFA Champions League|2024]] || |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]|| style="text-align:center"|7 || style="text-align:center"|4 ||1963, 1969, 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007 || 1958, 1993, 1995, 2005 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]|| style="text-align:center"|6 || style="text-align:center"|5 ||1974, 1975, 1976, 2001, 2013, 2020 || 1982, 1987, 1999, 2010, 2012 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]|| style="text-align:center"|6 || style="text-align:center" |3 ||1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005, 2019 ||1985, 2007, 2018 |- |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]|| style="text-align:center"|5 || style="text-align:center"|3 ||1992, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015 || 1961, 1986, 1994 |- |{{flagicon|NED}} [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]]|| style="text-align:center"|4 || style="text-align:center"|2 ||1971, 1972, 1973, 1995 || 1969, 1996 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]|| <center>3</center> || <center>2</center> ||1968, |1999, 2008 || 2009, [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2011]] |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Inter Milan|Internazionale]]|| style="text-align:center"|3 || style="text-align:center"|2 || 1964, 1965, 2010 || 1967, 1972 |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]|| style="text-align:center"|2 || style="text-align:center"|7 || 1985, 1996 || 1973, 1983, 1997, 1998, 2003, 2015, 2017 |- |{{flagicon|POR}} [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]]|| style="text-align:center"|2 || style="text-align:center"|5 ||1961, 1962 || 1963, 1965, 1968, 1988, 1990 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]|| style="text-align:center"|2 || style="text-align:center"|1|| [[2011–12 UEFA Champions League|2012]], [[2020-21 UEFA Champions League|2021]] || 2008 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]]|| style="text-align:center"|2 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1979, 1980 || |- |{{flagicon|POR}} [[F.C. Porto|Porto]]|| style="text-align:center"|2 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1987, 2004 || |- |{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|1 ||1967 ||1970 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Hamburger SV|Hamburg]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|1 ||1983 || 1980 |- |{{flagicon|ROM}} [[FC Steaua București|Steaua București]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|1 ||1986 || 1989 |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|1 || 1993 || 1991 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Borussia Dortmund]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|1 || 1997 || [[2012–13 UEFA Champions League|2013]] |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester City]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center" |1||2023 |2021 |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Paris S.G.]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center" |1||2025 |2020 |- |{{flagicon|NED}} [[Feyenoord]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1970 || |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1982 || |- |{{flagicon|NED}} [[PSV Eindhoven]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1988 || |- |{{flagicon|YUG}} [[Reid Starn Belgrade]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1991 || |- |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Atlético Madrid]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center" |3|| || 1974, [[2013–14 UEFA Champions League|2014]] |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Stade de Reims]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|2|| || 1956, 1959 |- |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Valencia CF|Valencia]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|2|| || 2000, 2001 |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1957 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Eintracht Frankfurt]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1960 |- |{{flagicon|YUG}} [[FK Partizan|Partizan]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1966 |- |{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1971 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Leeds United A.F.C.|Leeds United]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1975 |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[AS Saint-Étienne|Saint-Étienne]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1976 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1977 |- |{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Club Brugge KV|Brugge]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1978 |- |{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Malmö FF]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 979 |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.S. Roma|Roma]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1984 |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| ||1992 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 2002 |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 2004 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center" |1|| |2006 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center" |1|| |2019 |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Uefa Champions League}} [[Category:UEFA Champions League| ]] [[Category:UEFA club competeetions|Champions League]] mcwlk7yzsrrxmtwd2ogbbu85vg5rcd5 921033 920936 2026-08-17T23:24:04Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw tournament | name = UEFA Champions League | current = [[2024–25 UEFA Champions League]] | logo = | founded = 1955 (1992 in its<br />current format) | region = Europe ([[UEFA]]) | number of teams = 32 (group stage)<br />76 or 77 (total) | current champions = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C.]] (2 teetles)}} | most successful club = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|ESP}} Real Madrid (15 teetles)}}<ref>{{cite web |first=M. A. |last=Umair |title=Champions League Winners: The most successful countries and cities |url=http://soccerlens.com/champions-league-wins-per-country/107703/ |work=Soccerlens.com |publisher=Soccerlens.com |date=7 May 2013 |accessdate=10 October 2013 }}</ref> | broadcasters = | song = [[UEFA Champions League Anthem]] | website = {{URL|https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/|uefa.com/uefachampionsleague}} }} The '''UEFA Champions League''' (uisually referred tae as simply the '''Champions League''' or historically as the '''European Cup''') is an annual [[fitbaa|association fitbaa]] cup competition organised bi [[UEFA]] since 1955 for the top fitbaa clubs in Europe. The final o the competition is the maist watched annual sportin event warldwide, drawin juist ower 100&nbsp;million television viewers. Prior tae 1992 the tournament wis offeecially cawed the '''European Champion Clubs' Cup''' but wis uisually referred tae as simply the '''European Cup''' or '''European Champions' Cup'''. The competition wis initially a straight knockoot competition open anerlie tae the champion club o ilka kintra. Durin the 1990s the tournament began tae be expandit, incorporatin a roond-robin group phase an mair teams. Europe's strangest naitional leagues nou provide up tae fower teams ilka for the competeetion. The UEFA Champions League shoud no be ramfeeselt wi the [[UEFA Europa League]], umwhile kent as the UEFA Cup. ==Records and statistics== ===Winners an runners-up=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Club !Winners !Runners-up !class="unsortable"|Years wan !class="unsortable"|Years runners-up |- |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]|| style="text-align:center" |15 || style="text-align:center" |3 ||1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1962, 1964, 1981, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014 2016, 2017, [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League|2018]], [[2021–22 UEFA Champions League|2022]], [[2023–24 UEFA Champions League|2024]] || |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]|| style="text-align:center"|7 || style="text-align:center"|4 ||1963, 1969, 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007 || 1958, 1993, 1995, 2005 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]|| style="text-align:center"|6 || style="text-align:center"|5 ||1974, 1975, 1976, 2001, 2013, 2020 || 1982, 1987, 1999, 2010, 2012 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]|| style="text-align:center"|6 || style="text-align:center" |3 ||1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005, 2019 ||1985, 2007, 2018 |- |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]|| style="text-align:center"|5 || style="text-align:center"|3 ||1992, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015 || 1961, 1986, 1994 |- |{{flagicon|NED}} [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]]|| style="text-align:center"|4 || style="text-align:center"|2 ||1971, 1972, 1973, 1995 || 1969, 1996 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]|| <center>3</center> || <center>2</center> ||1968, |1999, 2008 || 2009, [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2011]] |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Inter Milan|Internazionale]]|| style="text-align:center"|3 || style="text-align:center"|2 || 1964, 1965, 2010 || 1967, 1972 |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]|| style="text-align:center"|2 || style="text-align:center"|7 || 1985, 1996 || 1973, 1983, 1997, 1998, 2003, 2015, 2017 |- |{{flagicon|POR}} [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]]|| style="text-align:center"|2 || style="text-align:center"|5 ||1961, 1962 || 1963, 1965, 1968, 1988, 1990 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]|| style="text-align:center"|2 || style="text-align:center"|1|| [[2011–12 UEFA Champions League|2012]], [[2020-21 UEFA Champions League|2021]] || 2008 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]]|| style="text-align:center"|2 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1979, 1980 || |- |{{flagicon|POR}} [[F.C. Porto|Porto]]|| style="text-align:center"|2 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1987, 2004 || |- |{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|1 ||1967 ||1970 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Hamburger SV|Hamburg]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|1 ||1983 || 1980 |- |{{flagicon|ROM}} [[FC Steaua București|Steaua București]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|1 ||1986 || 1989 |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|1 || 1993 || 1991 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Borussia Dortmund]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|1 || 1997 || [[2012–13 UEFA Champions League|2013]] |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester City]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center" |1||2023 |2021 |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Paris S.G.]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center" |1||2025 |2020 |- |{{flagicon|NED}} [[Feyenoord]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1970 || |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1982 || |- |{{flagicon|NED}} [[PSV Eindhoven]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1988 || |- |{{flagicon|YUG}} [[Reid Starn Belgrade]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1991 || |- |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Atlético Madrid]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center" |3|| || 1974, [[2013–14 UEFA Champions League|2014]] |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Stade de Reims]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|2|| || 1956, 1959 |- |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Valencia CF|Valencia]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|2|| || 2000, 2001 |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1957 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Eintracht Frankfurt]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1960 |- |{{flagicon|YUG}} [[FK Partizan|Partizan]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1966 |- |{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1971 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Leeds United A.F.C.|Leeds United]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1975 |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[AS Saint-Étienne|Saint-Étienne]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1976 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1977 |- |{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Club Brugge KV|Brugge]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1978 |- |{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Malmö FF]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 979 |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.S. Roma|Roma]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1984 |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| ||1992 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 2002 |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 2004 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center" |1|| |2006 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center" |1|| |2019 |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Uefa Champions League}} [[Category:UEFA Champions League| ]] [[Category:UEFA club competeetions|Champions League]] 2ipyyfrshgvk64j4s4f8qoffk5flwh4 921034 921033 2026-08-17T23:24:23Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw tournament | name = UEFA Champions League | current = [[2024–25 UEFA Champions League]] | founded = 1955 (1992 in its<br />current format) | region = Europe ([[UEFA]]) | number of teams = 32 (group stage)<br />76 or 77 (total) | current champions = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C.]] (2 teetles)}} | most successful club = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|ESP}} Real Madrid (15 teetles)}}<ref>{{cite web |first=M. A. |last=Umair |title=Champions League Winners: The most successful countries and cities |url=http://soccerlens.com/champions-league-wins-per-country/107703/ |work=Soccerlens.com |publisher=Soccerlens.com |date=7 May 2013 |accessdate=10 October 2013 }}</ref> | song = [[UEFA Champions League Anthem]] | website = {{URL|https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/|uefa.com/uefachampionsleague}} }} The '''UEFA Champions League''' (uisually referred tae as simply the '''Champions League''' or historically as the '''European Cup''') is an annual [[fitbaa|association fitbaa]] cup competition organised bi [[UEFA]] since 1955 for the top fitbaa clubs in Europe. The final o the competition is the maist watched annual sportin event warldwide, drawin juist ower 100&nbsp;million television viewers. Prior tae 1992 the tournament wis offeecially cawed the '''European Champion Clubs' Cup''' but wis uisually referred tae as simply the '''European Cup''' or '''European Champions' Cup'''. The competition wis initially a straight knockoot competition open anerlie tae the champion club o ilka kintra. Durin the 1990s the tournament began tae be expandit, incorporatin a roond-robin group phase an mair teams. Europe's strangest naitional leagues nou provide up tae fower teams ilka for the competeetion. The UEFA Champions League shoud no be ramfeeselt wi the [[UEFA Europa League]], umwhile kent as the UEFA Cup. ==Records and statistics== ===Winners an runners-up=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Club !Winners !Runners-up !class="unsortable"|Years wan !class="unsortable"|Years runners-up |- |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]|| style="text-align:center" |15 || style="text-align:center" |3 ||1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1962, 1964, 1981, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014 2016, 2017, [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League|2018]], [[2021–22 UEFA Champions League|2022]], [[2023–24 UEFA Champions League|2024]] || |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]|| style="text-align:center"|7 || style="text-align:center"|4 ||1963, 1969, 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007 || 1958, 1993, 1995, 2005 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]|| style="text-align:center"|6 || style="text-align:center"|5 ||1974, 1975, 1976, 2001, 2013, 2020 || 1982, 1987, 1999, 2010, 2012 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]|| style="text-align:center"|6 || style="text-align:center" |3 ||1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005, 2019 ||1985, 2007, 2018 |- |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]|| style="text-align:center"|5 || style="text-align:center"|3 ||1992, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015 || 1961, 1986, 1994 |- |{{flagicon|NED}} [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]]|| style="text-align:center"|4 || style="text-align:center"|2 ||1971, 1972, 1973, 1995 || 1969, 1996 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]|| <center>3</center> || <center>2</center> ||1968, |1999, 2008 || 2009, [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2011]] |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Inter Milan|Internazionale]]|| style="text-align:center"|3 || style="text-align:center"|2 || 1964, 1965, 2010 || 1967, 1972 |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]|| style="text-align:center"|2 || style="text-align:center"|7 || 1985, 1996 || 1973, 1983, 1997, 1998, 2003, 2015, 2017 |- |{{flagicon|POR}} [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]]|| style="text-align:center"|2 || style="text-align:center"|5 ||1961, 1962 || 1963, 1965, 1968, 1988, 1990 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]|| style="text-align:center"|2 || style="text-align:center"|1|| [[2011–12 UEFA Champions League|2012]], [[2020-21 UEFA Champions League|2021]] || 2008 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]]|| style="text-align:center"|2 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1979, 1980 || |- |{{flagicon|POR}} [[F.C. Porto|Porto]]|| style="text-align:center"|2 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1987, 2004 || |- |{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|1 ||1967 ||1970 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Hamburger SV|Hamburg]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|1 ||1983 || 1980 |- |{{flagicon|ROM}} [[FC Steaua București|Steaua București]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|1 ||1986 || 1989 |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|1 || 1993 || 1991 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Borussia Dortmund]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|1 || 1997 || [[2012–13 UEFA Champions League|2013]] |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester City]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center" |1||2023 |2021 |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Paris S.G.]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center" |1||2025 |2020 |- |{{flagicon|NED}} [[Feyenoord]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1970 || |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1982 || |- |{{flagicon|NED}} [[PSV Eindhoven]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1988 || |- |{{flagicon|YUG}} [[Reid Starn Belgrade]]|| style="text-align:center"|1 || style="text-align:center"|0 ||1991 || |- |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Atlético Madrid]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center" |3|| || 1974, [[2013–14 UEFA Champions League|2014]] |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Stade de Reims]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|2|| || 1956, 1959 |- |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Valencia CF|Valencia]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|2|| || 2000, 2001 |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1957 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Eintracht Frankfurt]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1960 |- |{{flagicon|YUG}} [[FK Partizan|Partizan]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1966 |- |{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1971 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Leeds United A.F.C.|Leeds United]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1975 |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[AS Saint-Étienne|Saint-Étienne]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1976 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1977 |- |{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Club Brugge KV|Brugge]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1978 |- |{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Malmö FF]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 979 |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.S. Roma|Roma]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 1984 |- |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| ||1992 |- |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 2002 |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center"|1|| || 2004 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center" |1|| |2006 |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur]]|| style="text-align:center"|0 || style="text-align:center" |1|| |2019 |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Uefa Champions League}} [[Category:UEFA Champions League| ]] [[Category:UEFA club competeetions|Champions League]] 3djzzdpnh7ozi5zrapdzew18l863czp 0 4353 921070 911757 2026-08-18T09:27:46Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 921070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Manchester United | current = 2024–25 Manchester United F.C. saison | image = Manchester United FC crest.svg | image_size = 200px | fullname = Manchester United Football Club | nickname = The Reid Devils<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/clubs/profile.overview.html/man-utd |title=Manchester United Football Club |work=premierleague.com |publisher=Premier League |accessdate=9 June 2012 |archive-date=2015-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315135420/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/clubs/profile.overview.html/man-utd |url-status=dead }}</ref> | founded = 1878, as Newton Heath LYR F.C. | ground = [[Old Trafford]] | capacity = 75,765<ref name="pl1213file">{{cite web |title=Manchester United |url=http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/handbooks/premier-league-handbook-2012-2013.pdf |publisher=Premier League |accessdate=15 August 2012 |type=PDF |page=17 |archive-date=2013-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314070653/http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/handbooks/premier-league-handbook-2012-2013.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | owner = Glazer faimily | chairman = [[Joel Glazer|Joel]] an [[Avram Glazer]] | chrtitle = Co-chairmen | manager = [[Erik ten Hag]] | league = {{English football updater|ManchesU}} | season = {{English football updater|ManchesU2}} | position = {{English football updater|ManchesU3}} | pattern_la1 = _manutd2425h | pattern_b1 = _manutd2425h | pattern_ra1 = _manutd2425h | pattern_sh1 = _manutd2425h | pattern_so1 = _manutd2425hl | leftarm1 = ff0000 | body1 = ff0000 | rightarm1 = ff0000 | shorts1 = ffffff | socks1 = 000000 | pattern_la2 = _manutd2425a | pattern_b2 = _manutd2425a | pattern_ra2 = _manutd2425a | pattern_sh2 = _manutd2425a | pattern_so2 = _manutd2425al | leftarm2 = 001a67 | body2 = 001a67 | rightarm2 = 001a67 | shorts2 = 001a67 | socks2 = 001a67 | pattern_la3 = _manutd2425t | pattern_b3 = _manutd2425t | pattern_ra3 = _manutd2425t | pattern_sh3 = _manutd2425t | pattern_so3 = _manutd2425tl | leftarm3 = faf9f6 | body3 = faf9f6 | rightarm3 = faf9f6 | shorts3 = faf9f6 | socks3 = faf9f6 | website = https://www.manutd.com/ }} '''Manchester United Football Club''' is an [[Inglis]] [[fitbaw]] club. Thay play thair haime gemmes at Old Trafford in [[Greater Manchester]], the maist muckle fitbaw stadium in the [[Unitit Kinrick]]. Thay ar the maist succesfu Inglis fitba team o the syne the beginin o the [[Premier League|Inglis Premiership]]. Syne the Premiership began thay hae wan the 20 League titles, 5 [[FA Cup]]s, 5 [[Inglis League Cup|League Cups]], the [[European Cup Winners Cup]] an 2 [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]]. ==Players== {{updated|25 Julie 2023}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Man Utd First Team Squad & Player Profiles |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/players-and-staff/first-team |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=11 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911021957/https://www.manutd.com/en/players-and-staff/first-team |url-status=live }}</ref> <!----------------------------- READ THIS NOTICE FIRST BEFORE EDITING ---------------------------------- – Do NOT add new players before their signing is officially announced by the club through their website, including medical and signing the contract. A transfer fee agreed doesn't mean the player will sign. – Do NOT remove players before their exit is officially announced by the club. – Do NOT add or change squad numbers until it is official on the Manchester United F.C. website – Only add numberless players that are likely to become part of the first team – Pre-season numbers can be added temporarily with A REFERENCE – This is Wikipedia, not a football gazette. Anything unconfirmed and unsourced will be removed on sight ----------------------------------------------------------------------------> {{fs start}} {{fs player |no=1 |nat=TUR |pos=GK |name=[[Altay Bayındır]] }} {{fs player |no=2 |nat=SWE |pos=DF |name=[[Victor Lindelöf]] }} {{fs player |no=3 |nat=CIV |pos=DF |name=[[Eric Bailly]] }} {{fs player |no=5 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[Harry Maguire]] }} {{fs player |no=6 |nat=ARG |pos=DF |name=[[Lisandro Martínez]] }} {{fs player |no=7 |nat=ENG |pos=MF |name=[[Mason Mount]] }} {{fs player |no=8 |nat=POR |pos=MF |name=[[Bruno Fernandes]] |other=[[Caiptain (association fitbaw)|caiptain]] }} {{fs player |no=9 |nat=FRA |pos=FW |name=[[Anthony Martial]] }} {{fs player |no=10 |nat=ENG |pos=FW |name=[[Marcus Rashford]] }} {{fs player |no=11 |nat=DEN |pos=FW |name=[[Rasmus Højlund]] }} {{fs player |no=12 |nat=NED |pos=DF |name=[[Tyrell Malacia]] }} {{fs player |no=14 |nat=DEN |pos=MF |name=[[Christian Eriksen]] }} {{fs player |no=16 |nat=CIV |pos=MF |name=[[Amad Diallo]] }} {{fs player |no=17 |nat=ARG |pos=FW |name=[[Alejandro Garnacho]] }} {{fs player |no=18 |nat=BRA |pos=MF |name=[[Casemiro]] }} {{fs player |no=19 |nat=FRA |pos=DF |name=[[Raphaël Varane]] }} {{fs player |no=20 |nat=POR |pos=DF |name=[[Diogo Dalot]] }} {{fs player |no=21 |nat=BRA |pos=FW |name=[[Antony (fitbawer, born 2000)|Antony]] }} {{fs mid}} {{fs player |no=22 |nat=ENG |pos=GK |name=[[Tom Heaton]] }} {{fs player |no=23 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[Luke Shaw]] }} {{fs player |no=24 |nat=CMR |pos=GK |name=[[André Onana]] }} {{fs player |no=25 |nat=ENG |pos=FW |name=[[Jadon Sancho]] }} {{fs player |no=26 |nat=ENG |pos=GK |name=[[Dean Henderson]] }} {{fs player |no=27 |nat=NIR |pos=DF |name=[[Jonny Evans]] }} {{fs player |no=28 |nat=URU |pos=MF |name=[[Facundo Pellistri]] }} {{fs player |no=29 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[Aaron Wan-Bissaka]] }} {{fs player |no=33 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[Brandon Williams (fitbawer)|Brandon Williams]] }} {{fs player |no=34 |nat=NED |pos=MF |name=[[Donny van de Beek]] }} {{fs player |no=37 |nat=ENG |pos=MF |name=[[Kobbie Mainoo]] }} {{fs player |no=39 |nat=SCO |pos=MF |name=[[Scott McTominay]] }} {{fs player |no=42 |nat=ESP |pos=DF |name=[[Álvaro Fernández (fitbawer, born 2003)|Álvaro Fernández]] }} {{fs player |no=46 |nat=TUN |pos=MF |name=[[Hannibal Mejbri]] }} {{fs player |no=47 |nat=ENG |pos=FW |name=[[Shola Shoretire]] }} {{fs end}} == Honours == Manchester United's first trophy wis the Manchester Cup, which it wan as Newton Heath in 1886. In 1908, the club wan its first league title, an wan the [[FA Cup]] for the first time the follaein year. In terms o the nummer o trophies wan, Manchester United's maist successfu decade wis the 1990s; the club wan five league titles, fower FA Cups, ane [[Fitbaa League Cup|League Cup]], five [[FA Community Shield|Charity Shields]] (ane shared), ane [[UEFA Champions League]], ane [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]], ane [[UEFA Super Cup]] an ane [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]. The club currently haulds the record for maist tap-diveesion titles (20), the maist FA Cups (11), an the maist [[FA Cup Feenal]] appearances (18).<ref>{{cite web |title=Cup Final Results |url=http://www.thefa.com/TheFACup/FACompetitions/TheFACup/History/CupFinalResults |work=TheFA.com |publisher=The Football Association |accessdate=22 January 2011 }}</ref> Manchester United haulds the record for the maist Premier League titles (13), an wis the first Inglis team tae win the [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] in 1968. The anelie major honour that Manchester Unitit haes niver wan is the [[UEFA Europa League]], awtho the team reached the quairter-feenals in 1984–85 an the semi-feenals o the competeetion's precursor toornament, the [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]], in 1964–65. === Domestic === ==== League ==== * '''[[Leet o Inglis fitbaw champions|First Division]] 20''' ** 1907–08, 1910–11, 1951–52, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2013–14 * '''[[Football League Second Division|Second Division]]: 2''' ** 1935–36, 1974–75 ==== Cups ==== * '''[[FA Cup]]: 11''' ** [[1909 FA Cup Final|1908–09]], [[1948 FA Cup Final|1947–48]], [[1963 FA Cup Final|1962–63]], [[1977 FA Cup Final|1976–77]], [[1983 FA Cup Final|1982–83]], [[1985 FA Cup Final|1984–85]], [[1990 FA Cup Final|1989–90]], [[1994 FA Cup Final|1993–94]], [[1996 FA Cup Final|1995–96]], [[1999 FA Cup Final|1998–99]], 2003–04 * '''[[Fitbaa League Cup|League Cup]]: 4''' ** [[1992 Fitbaa League Cup Final|1991–92]], [[2006 Fitbaa League Cup Final|2005–06]], [[2009 Fitbaa League Cup Final|2008–09]], [[2010 Fitbaa League Cup Final|2009–10]] * '''[[FA Community Shield|FA Charity/Community Shield]]: 18 (14 ootright, 4 shared)''' ** [[1908 FA Charity Shield|1908]], [[1911 FA Charity Shield|1911]], [[1952 FA Charity Shield|1952]], [[1956 FA Charity Shield|1956]], [[1957 FA Charity Shield|1957]], [[1965 FA Charity Shield|1965]]*, [[1967 FA Charity Shield|1967]]*, [[1977 FA Charity Shield|1977]]*, [[1983 FA Charity Shield|1983]], [[1990 FA Charity Shield|1990]]*, [[1993 FA Charity Shield|1993]], [[1994 FA Charity Shield|1994]], [[1996 FA Charity Shield|1996]], [[1997 FA Charity Shield|1997]], [[2003 FA Community Shield|2003]], [[2007 FA Community Shield|2007]], [[2008 FA Community Shield|2008]], [[2010 FA Community Shield|2010]] (* shared) === European === * '''[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup/UEFA Champions League]]: 3''' ** 1967–68, 1998–99, 2007–08 * '''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]: 1''' ** 1990–91 * '''[[UEFA Super Cup]]: 1''' ** 1991 === Warldwide === * '''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]: 1''' ** 1999 * '''[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]: 1''' ** [[2008 FIFA Club World Cup|2008]] === Doubles an Trebles === * [[The Double|Doubles]]: ** '''[[The Double#Ingland|League an FA Cup]]''': '''3''' *** [[1993–94 Manchester Unitit F.C. season|1993–94]], [[1995–96 Manchester Unitit F.C. season|1995–96]], [[1998–99 Manchester Unitit F.C. season|1998–99]] (as pairt o the [[Treble (association football)|Treble]]) ** '''[[Premier League|League]]''' an '''[[Fitbaa League Cup|League Cup]]''': '''1''' *** 2008–09 ** [[The Double#European Double|European Double]] ('''[[Premier League|League]]''' an '''[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]]'''): '''2''' *** 1998–99 (as pairt o the [[Treble (association fitbaw)|Treble]]), [[2007–08 Manchester Unitit F.C. season|2007–08]] * "[[Treble (association fitbaw)#Continental trebles|The Treble]]" ('''League''', '''FA Cup''' an '''European Cup'''): '''1''' ** [[1998–99 Manchester Unitit F.C. season|1998–99]] Especially short competitions sic as the [[FA Community Shield|Charity/Community Shield]], [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]] (nou defunct), [[FIFA Club World Cup]] or [[UEFA Super Cup|Super Cup]] ar nae generally considered tae contribute towards a Double or Treble. == Reference == <references/> {{Commonscat|Manchester United}} {{Navboxes|titlestyle=background:#e20e0e;color:#fff;border:1px solid black;|list1= {{Premier League}} {{G14}} {{ECA}} {{UEFA Champions League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{Intercontinental Cup winners}} {{FIFA Club Warld Cup winners}} }} [[Category:Manchester United F.C.| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1878]] [[Category:FA Cup winners]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Ingland]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Trafford]] [[Category:Football League clubs]] [[Category:Football League Cup winners]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:Laureus Warld Sports Awairds winners]] [[Category:Premier League clubs]] ays23dq22u0w1fll9fj9xn0emcg30rv 921071 921070 2026-08-18T09:30:17Z Lirazelf 27464 /* Cups */ remuivin red airtins 921071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Manchester United | current = 2024–25 Manchester United F.C. saison | image = Manchester United FC crest.svg | image_size = 200px | fullname = Manchester United Football Club | nickname = The Reid Devils<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/clubs/profile.overview.html/man-utd |title=Manchester United Football Club |work=premierleague.com |publisher=Premier League |accessdate=9 June 2012 |archive-date=2015-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315135420/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/clubs/profile.overview.html/man-utd |url-status=dead }}</ref> | founded = 1878, as Newton Heath LYR F.C. | ground = [[Old Trafford]] | capacity = 75,765<ref name="pl1213file">{{cite web |title=Manchester United |url=http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/handbooks/premier-league-handbook-2012-2013.pdf |publisher=Premier League |accessdate=15 August 2012 |type=PDF |page=17 |archive-date=2013-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314070653/http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/handbooks/premier-league-handbook-2012-2013.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | owner = Glazer faimily | chairman = [[Joel Glazer|Joel]] an [[Avram Glazer]] | chrtitle = Co-chairmen | manager = [[Erik ten Hag]] | league = {{English football updater|ManchesU}} | season = {{English football updater|ManchesU2}} | position = {{English football updater|ManchesU3}} | pattern_la1 = _manutd2425h | pattern_b1 = _manutd2425h | pattern_ra1 = _manutd2425h | pattern_sh1 = _manutd2425h | pattern_so1 = _manutd2425hl | leftarm1 = ff0000 | body1 = ff0000 | rightarm1 = ff0000 | shorts1 = ffffff | socks1 = 000000 | pattern_la2 = _manutd2425a | pattern_b2 = _manutd2425a | pattern_ra2 = _manutd2425a | pattern_sh2 = _manutd2425a | pattern_so2 = _manutd2425al | leftarm2 = 001a67 | body2 = 001a67 | rightarm2 = 001a67 | shorts2 = 001a67 | socks2 = 001a67 | pattern_la3 = _manutd2425t | pattern_b3 = _manutd2425t | pattern_ra3 = _manutd2425t | pattern_sh3 = _manutd2425t | pattern_so3 = _manutd2425tl | leftarm3 = faf9f6 | body3 = faf9f6 | rightarm3 = faf9f6 | shorts3 = faf9f6 | socks3 = faf9f6 | website = https://www.manutd.com/ }} '''Manchester United Football Club''' is an [[Inglis]] [[fitbaw]] club. Thay play thair haime gemmes at Old Trafford in [[Greater Manchester]], the maist muckle fitbaw stadium in the [[Unitit Kinrick]]. Thay ar the maist succesfu Inglis fitba team o the syne the beginin o the [[Premier League|Inglis Premiership]]. Syne the Premiership began thay hae wan the 20 League titles, 5 [[FA Cup]]s, 5 League Cups, the European Cup Winners Cup an 2 [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]]. ==Players== {{updated|25 Julie 2023}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Man Utd First Team Squad & Player Profiles |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/players-and-staff/first-team |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=11 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911021957/https://www.manutd.com/en/players-and-staff/first-team |url-status=live }}</ref> <!----------------------------- READ THIS NOTICE FIRST BEFORE EDITING ---------------------------------- – Do NOT add new players before their signing is officially announced by the club through their website, including medical and signing the contract. A transfer fee agreed doesn't mean the player will sign. – Do NOT remove players before their exit is officially announced by the club. – Do NOT add or change squad numbers until it is official on the Manchester United F.C. website – Only add numberless players that are likely to become part of the first team – Pre-season numbers can be added temporarily with A REFERENCE – This is Wikipedia, not a football gazette. Anything unconfirmed and unsourced will be removed on sight ----------------------------------------------------------------------------> {{fs start}} {{fs player |no=1 |nat=TUR |pos=GK |name=[[Altay Bayındır]] }} {{fs player |no=2 |nat=SWE |pos=DF |name=[[Victor Lindelöf]] }} {{fs player |no=3 |nat=CIV |pos=DF |name=[[Eric Bailly]] }} {{fs player |no=5 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[Harry Maguire]] }} {{fs player |no=6 |nat=ARG |pos=DF |name=[[Lisandro Martínez]] }} {{fs player |no=7 |nat=ENG |pos=MF |name=[[Mason Mount]] }} {{fs player |no=8 |nat=POR |pos=MF |name=[[Bruno Fernandes]] |other=[[Caiptain (association fitbaw)|caiptain]] }} {{fs player |no=9 |nat=FRA |pos=FW |name=[[Anthony Martial]] }} {{fs player |no=10 |nat=ENG |pos=FW |name=[[Marcus Rashford]] }} {{fs player |no=11 |nat=DEN |pos=FW |name=[[Rasmus Højlund]] }} {{fs player |no=12 |nat=NED |pos=DF |name=[[Tyrell Malacia]] }} {{fs player |no=14 |nat=DEN |pos=MF |name=[[Christian Eriksen]] }} {{fs player |no=16 |nat=CIV |pos=MF |name=[[Amad Diallo]] }} {{fs player |no=17 |nat=ARG |pos=FW |name=[[Alejandro Garnacho]] }} {{fs player |no=18 |nat=BRA |pos=MF |name=[[Casemiro]] }} {{fs player |no=19 |nat=FRA |pos=DF |name=[[Raphaël Varane]] }} {{fs player |no=20 |nat=POR |pos=DF |name=[[Diogo Dalot]] }} {{fs player |no=21 |nat=BRA |pos=FW |name=[[Antony (fitbawer, born 2000)|Antony]] }} {{fs mid}} {{fs player |no=22 |nat=ENG |pos=GK |name=[[Tom Heaton]] }} {{fs player |no=23 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[Luke Shaw]] }} {{fs player |no=24 |nat=CMR |pos=GK |name=[[André Onana]] }} {{fs player |no=25 |nat=ENG |pos=FW |name=[[Jadon Sancho]] }} {{fs player |no=26 |nat=ENG |pos=GK |name=[[Dean Henderson]] }} {{fs player |no=27 |nat=NIR |pos=DF |name=[[Jonny Evans]] }} {{fs player |no=28 |nat=URU |pos=MF |name=[[Facundo Pellistri]] }} {{fs player |no=29 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[Aaron Wan-Bissaka]] }} {{fs player |no=33 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[Brandon Williams (fitbawer)|Brandon Williams]] }} {{fs player |no=34 |nat=NED |pos=MF |name=[[Donny van de Beek]] }} {{fs player |no=37 |nat=ENG |pos=MF |name=[[Kobbie Mainoo]] }} {{fs player |no=39 |nat=SCO |pos=MF |name=[[Scott McTominay]] }} {{fs player |no=42 |nat=ESP |pos=DF |name=[[Álvaro Fernández (fitbawer, born 2003)|Álvaro Fernández]] }} {{fs player |no=46 |nat=TUN |pos=MF |name=[[Hannibal Mejbri]] }} {{fs player |no=47 |nat=ENG |pos=FW |name=[[Shola Shoretire]] }} {{fs end}} == Honours == Manchester United's first trophy wis the Manchester Cup, which it wan as Newton Heath in 1886. In 1908, the club wan its first league title, an wan the [[FA Cup]] for the first time the follaein year. In terms o the nummer o trophies wan, Manchester United's maist successfu decade wis the 1990s; the club wan five league titles, fower FA Cups, ane League Cup, five Charity Shields (ane shared), ane [[UEFA Champions League]], ane UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, ane [[UEFA Super Cup]] an ane [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]. The club currently haulds the record for maist tap-diveesion titles (20), the maist FA Cups (11), an the maist FA Cup Feenal appearances (18).<ref>{{cite web |title=Cup Final Results |url=http://www.thefa.com/TheFACup/FACompetitions/TheFACup/History/CupFinalResults |work=TheFA.com |publisher=The Football Association |accessdate=22 January 2011 }}</ref> Manchester United haulds the record for the maist Premier League titles (13), an wis the first Inglis team tae win the [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] in 1968. The anelie major honour that Manchester Unitit haes niver wan is the [[UEFA Europa League]], awtho the team reached the quairter-feenals in 1984–85 an the semi-feenals o the competeetion's precursor toornament, the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, in 1964–65. === Domestic === ==== League ==== * '''[[Leet o Inglis fitbaw champions|First Division]] 20''' ** 1907–08, 1910–11, 1951–52, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2013–14 * '''Second Division: 2''' ** 1935–36, 1974–75 ==== Cups ==== * '''[[FA Cup]]: 11''' ** 1908–09, 1947–48, 1962–63, 1976–77, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1989–90, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99, 2003–04 * '''League Cup: 4''' ** 1991–92, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10 * '''FA Charity/Community Shield: 18 (14 ootright, 4 shared)''' ** 1908, 1911, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1965*, 1967*, 1977*, 1983, 1990*, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2010 (* shared) === European === * '''[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup/UEFA Champions League]]: 3''' ** 1967–68, 1998–99, 2007–08 * '''UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1''' ** 1990–91 * '''[[UEFA Super Cup]]: 1''' ** 1991 === Warldwide === * '''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]: 1''' ** 1999 * '''FIFA Club Warld Cup: 1''' ** 2008 === Doubles an Trebles === * Doubles: ** '''League an FA Cup''': '''3''' *** 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99 (as pairt o the Treble) ** '''[[Premier League|League]]''' an '''League Cup''': '''1''' *** 2008–09 ** European Double ('''[[Premier League|League]]''' an '''[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]]'''): '''2''' *** 1998–99 (as pairt o the Treble), 2007–08 * "The Treble" ('''League''', '''FA Cup''' an '''European Cup'''): '''1''' ** 1998–99 Especially short competitions sic as the Charity/Community Shield, [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]] (nou defunct), FIFA Club World Cup or [[UEFA Super Cup|Super Cup]] ar nae generally considered tae contribute towards a Double or Treble. == Reference == <references/> {{Commonscat|Manchester United}} {{Navboxes|titlestyle=background:#e20e0e;color:#fff;border:1px solid black;|list1= {{Premier League}} {{G14}} {{ECA}} {{UEFA Champions League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{Intercontinental Cup winners}} {{FIFA Club Warld Cup winners}} }} [[Category:Manchester United F.C.| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1878]] [[Category:FA Cup winners]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Ingland]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Trafford]] [[Category:Football League clubs]] [[Category:Football League Cup winners]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:Laureus Warld Sports Awairds winners]] [[Category:Premier League clubs]] oo3r6rdcmiup8s8r9gljx2dxad15fli 0 4357 920911 917661 2026-08-17T17:13:24Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization |name = UEFA |image = |size = 150px |map = UEFA member associations map.svg |abbreviation = UEFA |formation = {{Start date and years ago|1954|06|15|df=y}} |type = Sports organisation |headquarters = [[Nyon]], Swisserland |coords = {{Coord|46.371009|6.23103|region:CH-VD_type:landmark}} |region_served = Europe |membership = 54 full member associations |language = Inglis, French, German |leader_title = Preses |leader_name = [[Aleksander Čeferin]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.org/about-uefa/organisation/congress/news/newsid=2403250.html|title=Čeferin elected as UEFA President|publisher=UEFA|accessdate=2016-09-14}}</ref> |leader_title2 = Vice-preses |leader_name2 = [[Reinhard Grindel]]<br>[[Hryhoriy Surkis]]<br>[[Fernando Gomes (fitbaw admeenistrator)|Fernando Gomes]]<br>[[Michele Uva]] |leader_title3 = General Secretar |leader_name3 = [[Theodore Theodoridis]] |leader_title4 = Honorary President |leader_name4 = [[Lennart Johansson]] |main_organ = UEFA Congress |parent_organization = [[FIFA]] |website = [http://www.uefa.com/ www.UEFA.com] }} '''Union o European Fitbaw Associations''' ('''UEFA''', [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]: ''Union of European Football Associations'', [[French leid|French]]: ''L'Union des Associations Européennes de Football'') is the controllin boady o [[fitbaw]] in [[Europe]]. It wis formit in 1954 atween the [[Fraunce|French]], [[Italy|Italian]] an [[Belgium|Belgian]] fitbaw associations. It's heid-quarters wis in [[Paris]] afore muivin tae [[Bern (ceety)|Bern]] an is nou based in [[Nyon]], [[Swisserland]]. It haes 52 memmer kintras sam o wheich are pairt o [[Aisie]] includin [[Turkey]] an [[Israel]]. UEFA rins the [[UEFA Champions League]], the [[UEFA Europa League]] as weel as the [[European Championships]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Uefa}} [[Category:UEFA| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw govrenin bouks in Europe]] [[Category:Sports govrenin bouks in Europe]] [[Category:Supraorganisations]] [[Category:Organisations established in 1954]] [[Category:Internaitional sports bodies based in Swisserland]] 34vitoht79gdotbsn15pr42f2er3iwp 920912 920911 2026-08-17T17:13:40Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin red airtins 920912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization |name = UEFA |image = |size = 150px |map = UEFA member associations map.svg |abbreviation = UEFA |formation = {{Start date and years ago|1954|06|15|df=y}} |type = Sports organisation |headquarters = [[Nyon]], Swisserland |coords = {{Coord|46.371009|6.23103|region:CH-VD_type:landmark}} |region_served = Europe |membership = 54 full member associations |language = Inglis, French, German |leader_title = Preses |leader_name = [[Aleksander Čeferin]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.org/about-uefa/organisation/congress/news/newsid=2403250.html|title=Čeferin elected as UEFA President|publisher=UEFA|accessdate=2016-09-14}}</ref> |leader_title2 = Vice-preses |leader_name2 = [[Reinhard Grindel]]<br>[[Hryhoriy Surkis]]<br>[[Fernando Gomes (fitbaw admeenistrator)|Fernando Gomes]]<br>[[Michele Uva]] |leader_title3 = General Secretar |leader_name3 = [[Theodore Theodoridis]] |leader_title4 = Honorary President |leader_name4 = [[Lennart Johansson]] |main_organ = UEFA Congress |parent_organization = [[FIFA]] |website = [http://www.uefa.com/ www.UEFA.com] }} '''Union o European Fitbaw Associations''' ('''UEFA''', [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]: ''Union of European Football Associations'', [[French leid|French]]: ''L'Union des Associations Européennes de Football'') is the controllin boady o [[fitbaw]] in [[Europe]]. It wis formit in 1954 atween the [[Fraunce|French]], [[Italy|Italian]] an [[Belgium|Belgian]] fitbaw associations. It's heid-quarters wis in [[Paris]] afore muivin tae [[Bern (ceety)|Bern]] an is nou based in Nyon, [[Swisserland]]. It haes 52 memmer kintras sam o wheich are pairt o [[Aisie]] includin [[Turkey]] an [[Israel]]. UEFA rins the [[UEFA Champions League]], the [[UEFA Europa League]] as weel as the European Championships. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Uefa}} [[Category:UEFA| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw govrenin bouks in Europe]] [[Category:Sports govrenin bouks in Europe]] [[Category:Supraorganisations]] [[Category:Organisations established in 1954]] [[Category:Internaitional sports bodies based in Swisserland]] mhbljjo30eansbk8tb3oixs2ko6sb2g 0 4577 920958 909421 2026-08-17T18:30:23Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Odesa (Одеса)<br>Odessa (Одесса) | image_skyline = Odessa-Montage-2016.png | image_caption = '''Clockwise:''' monument tae Duke de Richelieu, [[Vorontsov Lichthoose]], [[Odessa ceety gairden|ceety gairden]], [[Odessa Opera an Ballet Theater|Opera an Ballet Theatre]], [[Potemkin Stairs]], Square de Richelieu | image_flag = Flag of Odesa.svg | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Odesa.svg | image_blank_emblem = Odesa-logo.gif | shield_size = 90px | pushpin_map = Ukraine | pushpin_mapsize = 250 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ukraine | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = {{UKR}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Oblast]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Odessa Oblast}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Raion]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Odessa Raion]] | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = [[Serhiy Lysak]] | established_title = Port foondit | established_date = 2 September 1794 | area_total_km2 = 236.9 | population_as_of = 2022 | population_total = 1,000,000 | population_metro = 1,191,000¹ | population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]] | population_blank1 = {{lang-uk|Одесит, одеситка}} | population_density_km2 = 6141 | timezone = EET | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = EEST | utc_offset_DST = +3 | coordinates = {{coord|46|28|N|30|44|E|region:UA|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 40 | elevation_max_m = 65 | elevation_min_m = -4.2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 65000–65480 | area_code = +380 48 | website = [http://www.odessa.ua/?lang=en www.odessa.ua] | footnotes = ¹ The population o the metropolitan aurie is as o 2001. }} '''Odessa''' or '''Odesa''' ({{lang-uk|Оде́са}}, {{IPA-uk|ɔˈdɛsɑ|pron}}), ({{lang-rus|Оде́сса|p=ɐˈdʲesə}}), is the third lairgest ceety in [[Ukraine]], wi a population o 1,000,000. At the beginnin o the 20t century it wis the biggest ceety o Ukraine an haed a special unthirlt jurisdiction. The ceety is a major [[Port o Odessa|seaport]] an transportation hub locatit on the northwastren shore o the [[Black Sea]]. Odessa is an aa an [[admeenistrative centre]] o the [[Odessa Oblast]] an major cultural centre o multi-ethnic population. Its alternative Roushie name is the ''Soothren Palmira''. The predecessor o Odessa, a smaa [[Tatars|Tatar]] [[Human dounset|dounset]], wis foondit bi [[Hacı I Giray]], the [[Khan (teetle)|Khan]] o [[Crimean Khanate|Crimea]] in 1440. Efter a period o [[Grand Duchy o Lithuanie|Lithuanie]] control, it passed intae the domain o the [[Ottoman Dynasty|Ottoman]] [[Sultan]] in 1529 an remained in Ottoman haunds till the [[Ottoman Empire]]'s defeat in the [[Russo-Turkis War (1787–1792)|Russo-Turkis War]] o 1792. The ceety o Odessa wis foondit bi a decree o the Empress [[Catherine the Great]] in 1794. Frae 1819 tae 1858 Odessa wis a [[Leet o free ports|free port]]. Durin the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] period it wis the maist important port o tred in the [[Soviet Union]] an a Soviet [[naval dockyard|naval base]]. On 1 Januar 2000 the Quarantine Pier o Odessa tred sea port wis declared a free port an [[free economic zone]] for a term o 25 years. In the 19t century it wis the fowert lairgest ceety o [[Roushie Empire|Imperial Roushie]], efter Moscow, [[Saunt Petersburg]] an [[Warsaw]].<ref name="PH">{{cite journal|first=Patricia|last=Herlihy|authorlink=Patricia Herlihy|year=1977|title=The Ethnic Composition of the City of Odessa in the Nineteenth Century|pages=g. 53}}</ref> Its historical airchitectur haes a style mair [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] nor Roushie, haein been hivily influencit bi French an Italian styles. Some biggins are biggit in a mixtur o different styles, includin [[Art Nouveau]], [[Renaissance airchitectur|Renaissance]] an [[Clessicism|Clessicist]].<ref name="UKRWorld">{{cite web|url=http://ukrworld.com.ua/odesskaya-oblast/odessa/97-odessa-architecture-and-monuments.html|title=Odessa: Architecture and Monuments|publisher=UKRWorld.Com|accessdate=2009-06-09|archive-date=2012-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306163050/http://ukrworld.com.ua/odesskaya-oblast/odessa/97-odessa-architecture-and-monuments.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Odessa is a [[Port o caw|wairm watter port]]. The ceety o Odessa hosts twa important ports: [[Port o Odessa]] itsel an [[Yuzhne|Port Yuzhne]] (an aa an internaitionally important ile [[Container terminal|terminal]]), situatit in the ceety's suburbs. Anither important port, [[Port o Illichivsk|Illichivsk]], is locatit in the same [[oblast]], tae the sooth-wast o Odessa. Thegither thay represent a major [[transport hub]] integratin wi railways. Odessa's ile an chemical processin facilities are connectit tae [[Roushie]]'s an EU's respective networks bi strategic [[Pipeline transport|pipeline]]s. ==Name== The oreegin o the name Odessa is unkent, but it is proponit the ceety wis namit efter the auncient Greek ceety o Odessos (Oδησσός), which wis falsely believit tae hae been foondit at the location o present day Odessa; awtho Odessa is in fact locatit in the aurie atween the auncient Greek ceeties o [[Tyras]] (Τύρας) an [[Olbia, Ukraine|Olbia]] (Ὀλβία). == History == [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The 142-metre-lang Potemkin (oreeginally Richelieu) Stairs (constructit 1834–1841), made famous bi [[Sergei Eisenstein]] in his movie ''[[Battleship Potemkin]]'' (1925). It is the set for arguably the maist celebratit short sequence ever filmed.]] === Frae foondation tae the end o the 19t century === <!-- The first paragraph needs tae be rewritten --> In the [[Anno Domini|AD]] [[15t century]], [[nomad]]ic tribes o the [[Nogays]] unner the [[suzerainty]] o the [[Crimean Khanate|Khanate o Crimea]] inhabitit what is nou the Odessa region. Durin the reign o [[Khan]] [[Haci I Giray]], the Khanate wis endangered bi the [[Golden Horde]] an the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turks]] an, in sairch o allies, the khan agreed tae cede the aurie tae the [[Grand Duchy o Lithuanie]]. The site o present-day Odessa wis then a toun kent as '''Khadjibey''' (an aa spelled as Khadjibei, Khadzhibei, or Gadzhibei; [[Lithuanian leid|Lithuanian]]: ''Chadžibėjus''; [[Crimean Tatar leid|Crimean Tatar]] an [[Turkish leid|Turkish]]: ''Hacibey'') an wis pairt o the [[Dykra]] region. Houever, the aurie wis ae sparsely populated wi [[Turkic fowks|Turkic]] tribes an consistit maistly o unpopulatit [[steppe]]s. Khadjibey came unner direct control o the [[Ottoman Empire]] efter [[1529]] an wis pairt o a region kent as [[Yedisan]] an wis administered in the Ottoman [[Silistra Province, Ottoman Empire|Silistra (Özi) Province]]. In the mid-[[18t century]], the Ottomans rebuilt a fortress at Khadjibey, which wis named '''Eni Dunia''' ([[Turkish leid|Turkish]]: ''Yeni Dünya'', literally "new warld"). Durin the [[Russo-Turkish War, 1787-1792|Russo-Turkish War o 1787–1792]], on [[25 September]] [[1789]], a detachment o Roushie forces unner [[Ivan Gudovich]] teuk Khadjibey an Yeni Dünya for the [[Roushie Empire]]. Ane pairt o the troops wis unner command o a [[Spainyie fowk|Spaniard]] in Roushie service, Major General [[José de Ribas]] (kent in Roushie as Osip Mikhailovich Deribas) an the main street in Odessa the day, [[Deribasovskaya]] street, is named efter him. Roushie formally gained possession o the aurie as a result o the [[Treaty o Jassy]] (Iaşi) in [[1792]] an it became a pairt o the sae-cawed [[Novorossiya]] ("New Roushie"). A ceety wis offeecially foondit in [[1794]] as a [[Roushie]] naval fortress on the ruins o Khadjibey an wis renamed '''Odessa''' bi Januar [[1795]] (when its new name wis first mentioned in offeecial correspondence). Neither origin o the new name nor reasons for renamin ar kent, tho [[etymology|etymologies]] an [[anecdote]]s aboond. Accordin tae ane o the stories, when someane suggestit [[Odessos]] as a name for the new Roushie port, [[Catherine II o Roushie|Catherine&nbsp;II]] said that aw names in the Sooth o the Empire wur already 'masculine,' an didna want yet anither ane, sae she decidit tae chynge it tae mair 'feminine' Odessa. This anecdote is hichtlie dubious, acause thare wur at least twa ceeties ([[Eupatoria]] an [[Theodosia]]) which names soond 'feminine' for a Roushie; besides, the [[Czarina]] wis no a native Roushie speaker, an finally, aw ceeties ar [[grammatical gender|feminine]] in [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] (as well as in [[Latin]]). Anither legend derives the name 'Odessa' frae the wird-play: in [[French leid|French]] (which ''wis'' then the leid spoken at the Roushie court), 'plenty o watter' is ''assez d'eau''; if said backwards, it soonds seemilar tae that o the Greek colony's name (an watter-relatit pun maks perfect sense, acause Odessa, tho situatit next tae the huge body o watter, haes limitit fresh watter supply). Onyhou, a link wi the name o the ancient Greek colony persists, sae thare might be some truth in the oral tradeetion. The new ceety quickly became a major success. Its early growthe owed muckle tae the wirk o the [[Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]], who served as the ceety's governor atween [[1803]]–[[1814]]. Haein fled the [[French Revolution]], he haed served in Catherine's airmy against the Turks. He is creditit wit designin the ceety an organisin its amenities an infrastructure, an is considered ane o the foondin faithers o Odessa, thegither wi anither Frenchman, Coont [[Alexandre Langeron]], who succeedit him in office. Richelieu is commemoratit bi a bronze statue, unveiled in [[1828]] tae a design bi [[Ivan Martos]]. In [[1819]] the ceety wis made a free port, a status it retained till [[1859]]. It became hame tae an extremely diverse population o [[Roushies]], [[Ukrainians]], [[Jews]], [[Greeks]], [[Bulgarians]], [[Albanians]], [[Armenians]], [[Italians]], [[French fowk|Frenchmen]], [[Germans]] an traders representin mony ither European naitionalities (hence numerous 'ethnic' names on the ceety's cairt, ''e.g.'', ''Frantsuszkiy'' (French) an ''Italianskiy'' (Italian) Boulevards, ''Grecheskaya'' (Greek), ''Evreyskaya'' (Jewish), ''Arnautskaya'' (Albanian) Streets). Its cosmopolitan naitur wis documented bi the great Roushie poet [[Alexander Pushkin]], who lived in internal exile in Odessa atween [[1823]]–[[1824]]. In his letters he wrote that Odessa wis a ceety whaur "ye can smell Europe. French is spoken an there ar European papers an magazines tae read". Odessa's growthe wis interrupted bi the [[Crimean War]] o [[1853]]–[[1856]], durin which it wis bombardit bi [[Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland|Breetish]] an [[Fraunce|French]] naval forces. It suin recovered an the growthe in tred made Odessa Roushie's lairgest grain-exportin port. In [[1866]] the ceety wis linked bi rail wi [[Kiev]] an [[Kharkov]] as well as [[Iaşi]], [[Romanie]]. [[File:Odessa richelieu.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Richelieu Street an the Opera Theatre in the 1890s.]] The ceety became the hame o a lairge Jewish community durin the [[19t century]], an bi [[1897]] Jews wur estimatit tae comprise some 37% o the population. Thay wur, houever, repeatedly subjectit tae severe persecution. [[Pogrom]]s wur carried oot in [[1821]], [[1859]], [[1871]], [[1881]], an [[1905]]. Mony Odessan Jews fled abroad, parteecularly tae [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] efter [[1882]], an the ceety became an important base o support for [[Zionism]]. === First half o the 20t century === In [[1905]] Odessa wis the site o a workers' uprisin supportit bi the crew o the [[Roushie battleship Potemkin]] (an aa see [[Battleship Potemkin uprising]]) an [[Lenin]]'s [[Iskra]]. [[Sergei Eisenstein]]'s famous motion picture ''[[The Battleship Potemkin]]'' commemoratit the uprisin an includit a scene whaur hunders o Odessan ceetizens wur murdered on the great stane staircase (nou popularly kent as the "Potemkin Steps"), in ane o the maist famous scenes in motion picture history. At the tap o the steps, which lead doun tae the port, stands a statue o Richelieu. The actual massacre teuk place in streets nearbi, no on the steps themselves, but the movie caused mony tae veesit Odessa tae see the steid o the "slauchter". The "Odessa Steps" continue tae be a tourist attraction in Odessa. The film wis made at Odessa's Cinema Factory, ane o the auldest cinema studios in the umwhile Soviet Union. Follaein the [[Bolshevik Revolution]] in [[1917]] durin [[Warld War I]], Odessa wis occupied bi several groups, includin the [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] ''[[Tsentral'na Rada]]'', the [[French Airmy]], the [[Reid Airmy]] an the [[White Airmy]]. Finally, in [[1920]], the Reid Airmy teuk control o Odessa an unitit it wi the [[Ukrainian SSR]], which later acame pairt o the [[USSR]]. The fowk o Odessa suffered frae a great [[faimin]] that occurred in [[1921]]–[[1922]] as a result o the war. Durin [[Warld War II]] Odessa wis occupied bi [[Romanie durin Warld War II|Romanie]] an [[Nazi Germany|German]] forces frae [[1941]]–[[1944]]. The ceety suffered severe damage an mony casualties. Unner the [[Axis forces|Axis]] occupation, approximately 60,000&nbsp;Odessans (maistly [[Jew]]s) wur aither [[Odessa Massacre|massacred]] or deportit. Mony pairts o Odessa wur damaged durin its faw an later recaptur in Aprile [[1944]], when the ceety wis finally liberatit bi the [[Soviet Army]]. It wis ane o the first fower Soviet ceeties tae be awardit the title o "[[Hero Ceety]]" in [[1945]]. {{clear}} === Second half o the 20t century an ayont === <!-- Needs tae be rewritten --> [[File:Odessa 1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Pushkinskaya Street.]] During the [[1960s]] an [[1970s]] the ceety grew tremendously. Nivertheless, atween the [[1970s]] an [[1990s]], the majority o Odessa's [[Jew]]s emigratit tae [[Israel]], the [[Unitit States]] an ither [[Wastren warld|Wastren]] kintras, domestic [[migration]] o Odessan middle an upper classes tae [[Moscow]] an [[Saunt Petersburg|Leningrad]] affered even greater opportunities for career advancement, an aa occurred on a lairge scale. But the ceety's grew rapidly bi filling the void wi new rural migrants elsewhere frae the Ukraine, industrial professionals invitit frae Roushie as well as ither Soviet republics. Despite bein pairt o the Ukraine Socialist Republic, the ceety preserved an somewhit reinforced its unique cosmopolitan mix o Roushie/Ukrainian/Mediterranean cultur an a predominantly Russophone environment wi a uniquely accented dialect o Roushie spoken in the ceety. The ceety's Roushie, Ukrainian, Greek, Armenie, Moldovan an Azeri an Jewish communities hae influenced different aspects o Odessa. [[File:Tatra T3 on Pryvokzalna Square, Odesa.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Odessa [[tram]].]] In [[1991]], efter the collapse o [[Communism]], the ceety became pairt o newly independent [[Ukraine]]. The day Odessa is a ceety o aroond 1.1 million fowk. The ceety's industries include shipbiggin, ile refinin, chemicals, metalworkin an fuid processin. Odessa is an aa a Ukrainian [[naval]] [[Militar base|base]] an hame tae a fishin fleet. It is an aa kent for its huge ootdoor mercat, the [[Seivent-Kilometer Mercat]]. The transportation network o Odessa consists o trams<ref name = "trams">{{cite web | author = | year = | url =http://www.dgmaestro.com/tram | title =Odessa Tram Themes | format =HTML | work = | publisher = | accessdate =2 May 2006 | archive-date =2005-03-11 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20050311074800/http://www.dgmaestro.com/tram/ | url-status =dead }}</ref> (streetcaurs), [[trolleybus]]es, [[bus]]es; an [[marshrutka]]s. {{clear}} == Geography and features == Odessa is situatit ({{Coord|46|28|N|30|44|E|type:city(1,012,500)_region:UA}}) on terraced hills owerleukin a smaa harbor, approximately 31&nbsp;km (19&nbsp;mi.) north o the estuary o the [[Dniester]] river an some 443&nbsp;km (275&nbsp;mi) sooth o the Ukrainian caipital [[Kiev]]. The ceety haes a mild an dry climate wi average temperaturs in Januar o -2&nbsp;°C (29&nbsp;°F), an Julie o 22&nbsp;°C (73&nbsp;°F). It averages anly 350&nbsp;mm (14&nbsp;in) o precipitation annually. The primary leid spoken is [[Roushie leid|Roushie]], wi [[Ukrainian leid|Ukrainian]] bein less common despite its bein an offeecial leid in Ukraine. The ceety is a mix o mony nationalities an ethnic groups, includin [[Ukrainians]], [[Roushies]], [[Jews]], [[Greeks]], [[Moldovans]], [[Bulgaries]], [[Armenies]], [[Georgians]], [[Turkis fowk|Turks]], an [[Vietnamese fowk|Vietnamese]], amang ithers. == Cultur == [[File:Odessa library.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Odessa Public Library (nou Archaeological Museum), lik sae mony ither laundmerks in the ceety, wis designed in [[Neoclassicism|Neoclassical]] style.]] Odessa is a popular tourist destination, wi mony therapeutic resorts in and aroond the ceety. The [[Tolstoy]], [[Mikhail Vorontsov|Vorontsov]], an [[Potocki]] families awned pailaces in Odessa, which can still be visitit. The writer [[Isaac Babel]] wis born in the ceety, which haes an aa produced several famous muisicians, includin the [[violinist]]s [[Nathan Milstein]], [[Mischa Elman]] an [[David Oistrakh]], an the [[pianist]]s [[Benno Moiseiwitsch]], [[Sviatoslav Richter]] an [[Emil Gilels]]. The [[chess]] player [[Efim Geller]] wis born in the ceety. (Aw leetit, except for Richter, ar representatives o the ceety's Jewish community.) The maist popular Roushie shaw-business fowk frae Odessa ar [[Yakov Smirnoff]] ([[comedian]]), [[Mikhail Zhvanetsky]] (legendary [[humorist]] writer, who began his career as port ingineer) an [[Roman Kartsev]] ([[comedian]]). Thair success in [[1970s]] contributit tae Odessa's established status o a "caipital o Soviet humour". Later several humour [[festival]]s wur established in the ceety, includin the celebration o the [[Aprile Fool's Day]]. See mair fowk born in Odessa in [[:Category:Fowk frae Odessa]]. Maist o the ceety's 19t century hooses wur biggit o [[limestane]] mined nearbi. Abandoned mines wur later uised an broadened bi local [[smuggler]]s. This creatit a complicatit [[labyrinth]] o unnergrund tunnels aneath Odessa, kent as "[[catacombs]]". Thay ar a nou a great attraction for [[extreme tourist]]s. Sic tours, houever, ar no offeecially sanctioned an ar dangerous acause the layoot o the catacombs haes no been fully mapped an the tunnels themselves ar unsafe. Thir tunnels ar a primary reason why subway wis niver biggit in Odessa. == Internaitional relations == {{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Ukraine}} === Twin touns - sister ceeties === '''Odessa''' is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]], haes sister an pairtner relationships wi mony ither ceeties throughoot the Warld: {{div col|3}} *{{flagicon|EGY}} [[Alexandria]], Egyp, ''(syne 1968)'' *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Baltimore]], Unitit States, ''(syne 1975)''<ref name="Baltimore">{{cite web|url=http://baltimore.org/visitors/international/sister-cities|title=Sister Cities|publisher=Baltimore Convention & Tourism Board|accessdate=2011-10-19|archive-date=2011-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011195723/http://baltimore.org/visitors/international/sister-cities/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|MDA}} [[Chişinău]], Moldovae, ''(syne 1994)''<ref name="Chișinău twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.chisinau.md/tabview.php?l=ro&idc=526|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903122220/http://www.chisinau.md/tabview.php?l=ro&idc=526|title=Oraşe înfrăţite (Twin cities of Minsk) ''[via WaybackMachine.com]''|publisher=Primăria Municipiului Chişinău|archivedate=2012-09-03|accessdate=2013-07-21|language=Romanian|url-status=live}}</ref> *{{flagicon|ROU}} [[Constanţa]], Romanie, ''(syne 1991)'' *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Genoa]], Italy, ''(syne 1972)'' *{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Haifa]], Israel, ''(syne 1992)''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/en-US/city/CitySecretary_ForeignAffairs/EngActs.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621013813/http://www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/en-US/city/CitySecretary_ForeignAffairs/EngActs.htm |archivedate=2008-06-21 |title=Twin City acitivities |publisher=Haifa Municipality |accessdate=2008-11-02 |url-status=live }}</ref> *{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Istanbul]], Turkey, ''(syne 1997)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|title=Sister Cities of Istanbul|accessdate=2008-11-02|archive-date=2010-01-17|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq0Igk9U?url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=94185|publisher=Radikal|language=Turkish|date=2003-11-03|quote=49 sister cities in 2003|title=İstanbul'a 49 kardeş|last=Erdem|first=Selim Efe|accessdate=2008-11-02}}</ref> *{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kolkata]], Indie, ''(syne 1986)''<ref name="Kolkata twinnings">{{cite news|last=Mazumdar|first=Jaideep|title=A tale of two cities: Will Kolkata learn from her sister?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/A-tale-of-two-cities-Will-Kolkata-learn-from-her-sister/articleshow/25916888.cms|accessdate=17 November 2013|newspaper=Times of India|date=17 November 2013|location=New Delhi}}</ref> *{{flagicon|MEX}} [[León, Guanajuato|León]], Mexico, ''(syne 2012)'' *{{flagicon|UK}} [[Liverpool]], Unitit Kinrick, ''(syne 1957)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpool.gov.uk/Community_and_living/Twinning/index.asp|title=Liverpool City Council: twinning|accessdate=2008-11-02|archive-date=2010-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218003809/http://liverpool.gov.uk/Community_and_living/Twinning/index.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|POL}} [[Łódź]], Poland, ''(syne 1993)''<ref name="Łódź twinning">{{cite web|url=http://www.uml.lodz.pl/samorzad/miasta_partnerskie_lodzi/tabelka|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624211727/http://www.uml.lodz.pl/samorzad/miasta_partnerskie_lodzi/tabelka/|title=Miasta partnerskie - Urząd Miasta Łodzi ''[via WaybackMachine.com]''|accessdate=2013-07-21|archivedate=2013-06-24|work=City of Łódź|language=Polish|url-status=dead}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624211727/http://www.uml.lodz.pl/samorzad/miasta_partnerskie_lodzi/tabelka/ |date=2013-06-24 }}</ref> *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Marseille]], Fraunce, ''(syne 1973)''<ref name="Marseille">{{cite web |url=http://www.marseille.fr/vdm/cms/accueil/mairie/international/pid/185 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222232554/http://www.marseille.fr/vdm/cms/accueil/mairie/international/pid/185 |archivedate=2008-12-22 |title=Marseille Official Website – Twin Cities |accessdate=2008-11-26 |publisher=[[File:Flag of France.svg|10px]] {{fr icon}} 2008 Ville de Marseille |url-status=dead }}</ref> *{{flagicon|CYP}} [[Nicosia]], Cyprus, ''(syne 1996)'' *{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Oulu]], Finland, ''(syne 1957)''<ref name="Oulu Twin Cities">{{cite web|url=http://www.ouka.fi/oulu/kansainvalisyys/ystavyyskaupungit|title=Ystävyyskaupungit (Twin Cities)|accessdate=2013-07-27|work=Oulun kaupunki (City of Oulu)|language=Finnish|archive-date=2017-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710050221/https://www.ouka.fi/oulu/kansainvalisyys/ystavyyskaupungit|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Piraeus]], Greece, ''(syne 1993)''<ref name="Greek twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.kedke.gr/uploads/twinnedcities.pdf|title=Twinnings|accessdate=2013-08-25|work=Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece|archive-date=2019-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805053212/http://www.kedke.gr/uploads/twinnedcities.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Qingdao]], Cheenae, ''(syne 1993)'' *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Regensburg]], Germany, ''(syne 1990)'' *{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Rosh HaAyin]], Israel *{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rostov-on-Don]], Roushie, ''(syne 1999)'' *{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Split, Croatie|Split]], Croatie, ''(syne 1964)''<ref name="Split twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.split.hr/Default.aspx?sec=526|title=Gradovi prijatelji Splita|accessdate=2013-12-19|work=Grad Split [Split Official City Website]|language=Croatian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324035937/http://www.split.hr/Default.aspx?sec=526|archivedate=2012-03-24|url-status=live}}</ref> *{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Szeged]], Hungary, ''(syne 1977)'' *{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Valencia]], Spain, ''(syne 1922)''<ref name="Valencia twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.valencia.es/ayuntamiento/rinternacionales_accesible.nsf/vDocumentosTituloAux/D80022569C2533B9C12571F100285E72?OpenDocument&bdOrigen=ayuntamiento%2Frinternacionales_accesible.nsf&idapoyo=&lang=1&nivel=3|title=Ciudades Hermanadas con València|accessdate=2013-08-08|work=Ajuntament de València [City of Valencia]|language=Spanish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029071705/http://www.valencia.es/ayuntamiento/rinternacionales_accesible.nsf/vDocumentosTituloAux/D80022569C2533B9C12571F100285E72?OpenDocument&bdOrigen=ayuntamiento%2Frinternacionales_accesible.nsf&idapoyo=&lang=1&nivel=3|archivedate=2012-10-29|url-status=live}}</ref> *{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Vancouver]], Canadae, ''(syne 1944)''<ref name="Vancouver">{{cite web|url=http://vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/cclerk/20080311/documents/a14.pdf|format=PDF|title=Vancouver Twinning Relationships|publisher=City of Vancouver|accessdate=2009-07-18}}</ref> *{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Varna]], Bulgarie <small>''(syne 1992)''</small> *{{flagicon|ARM}} [[Yerevan]], Armenie <small>''(syne 1995)''<ref name="Yerevan twinnings 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.yerevan.am/3-194-194.html|title=Yerevan - Twin Towns & Sister Cities|accessdate=2013-11-04|work=Yerevan Municipality Official Website|archive-date=2013-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105095529/http://www.yerevan.am/3-194-194.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Yerevan twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.yerevan.am/pages.php?lang=1&id=184&page_name=news|title=ԵՐԵՎԱՆԻ ՔԱՂԱՔԱՊԵՏԱՐԱՆՊԱՇՏՈՆԱԿԱՆ ԿԱՅՔ|publisher=www.yerevan.amwww.yerevan.am]|accessdate=2013-08-05|language=Armenian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512174924/http://www.yerevan.am/pages.php?lang=1&id=184&page_name=news|archivedate=2013-05-12|url-status=live}}</ref></small> *{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yokohama]], Japan <small>''(syne 1968)''<ref name="Yokohama">{{cite web|url=http://www.welcome.city.yokohama.jp/eng/tourism/mame/a3000.html|title=Sister Cities|accessdate=2008-11-11|work=Yokohama Convention & Visitors Bureau|archive-date=2009-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505110044/http://www.welcome.city.yokohama.jp/eng/tourism/mame/a3000.html|url-status=dead}}</ref></small> {{div col end}} === Pairtner ceeties === {|style="width:100%" |- | style="width:33.3%;"| * {{Flag icon|Belarus}} [[Brest, Belaroushie|Brest]], [[Belaroushie]] <small>''(syne 2004)''</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://city.brest.by/article_in.php?id=1464&tc=26&tc2=31 |title=Побратимские связи г. Бреста |language={{ru icon}} |publisher=City.brest.by |date= |accessdate=2010-10-03 |archive-date=2009-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418161507/http://city.brest.by/article_in.php?id=1464&tc=26&tc2=31 |url-status=dead }}</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdańsk|Gdansk]], [[Poland]] <small>''(syne 1996)''</small><ref name="Gdańsk">{{cite web|url=http://www.gdansk.pl/samorzad,62,733.html|title=Gdańsk Official Website: 'Miasta partnerskie'|publisher=www.gdansk.pl/|language=Polish & English|accessdate=2009-07-11|archive-date=2013-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723091807/http://www.gdansk.pl/samorzad%2C62%2C733.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Volgograd]], [[Roushie]] <small>''(syne 2001)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Klaipėda|Klaipeda]], [[Lithuanie]] <small>''(syne 2004)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]] <small>''(syne 2004)''</small><ref name="Greek twinnings"/> | style="width:33.3%;"| * {{Flagicon|Belarus}} [[Minsk]], [[Belaroushie]] <small>''(syne 1996)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]] <small>''(syne 1995)''</small> * {{Flagicon|China}} [[Ningbo]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] <small>''(syne 2008)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Saunt Petersburg]], [[Roushie]] <small>''(syne 2002)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Taganrog]], [[Roushie]] <small>''(syne 1993)''</small> | style="width:33.3%;"| * {{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Tallinn]], [[Estonie]] <small>''(syne 1997)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Chile}} [[Valparaíso|Valparaiso]], [[Chile]] <small>''(syne 2004)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna]], [[Austrick]] <small>''(syne 2006)''</small> |} == References == {{Reflist|30em}} == External links == * [http://www.2odessa.com Odessa guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211212442/http://2odessa.com/ |date=2022-02-11 }} {{Commonscat}} {{Cities in Ukraine}} [[Category:Black Sea]] [[Category:Odessa| ]]<!--leave the empty space as standard--> [[Category:Ceeties in Odessa Oblast]] [[Category:Historic Jewish commonties]] [[Category:Jewish Ukrainian history]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Ukraine]] [[Category:Port ceeties an touns in Ukraine]] [[Category:Roushie an Soviet Navy bases]] [[Category:Seaside resorts in Ukraine]] [[Category:Ukrainian Navy]] 2f6z4c1w0ouz6rqkxjhc9mpy2z1tyc4 0 4955 920902 912696 2026-08-17T16:44:07Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|42|45|N|25|30|E|type:country_scale:2000000|display=title}} {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Republic o Bulgarie |native_name = {{native name|bg|Република България}}<br/>{{small|''Republika Bǎlgariya''}} |common_name = Bulgarie |image_flag = Flag of Bulgaria.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Bulgaria.svg |image_map = EU-Bulgaria.svg |map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=dark green|region=Europe|region_color=dark grey|subregion=the [[European Union]]|subregion_color=green|legend=EU-Bulgaria.svg}} |national_motto = {{vunblist|{{nowrap|{{native name|bg|Съединението прави силата|italics=off}}}}|"Sǎedinenieto pravi silata"{{nbsp|2}}{{small|([[transliteration]])}}|{{small|"[[Unity makes strength]]"}}}} |national_anthem = <br/>{{native name|bg|Мила Родино|nolink=yes}}<br/>''[[Mila Rodino]]''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|(transleeteration)}}<br/>{{small|''Dear Motherland''}}<br/><center>[[File:Mila Rodino.ogg]]</center> |official_languages = [[Bulgarie leid|Bulgarie]] |languages_type = [[Offeecial script]] |languages_sub = no |languages = [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] |capital = [[Sofia]] |coordinates = {{Coord|42|41|N|23|19|E|type:city}} |largest_city = capital |government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Pairlamentar seestem|pairlamentar]]<br>{{nowrap|[[constitutional republic]]}} |leader_title1 = Preses |leader_name1 = Rumen Radev(Румен Радев) |leader_title2 = Vice Preses |leader_name2 = Iliana Iotova (Илияна Йотова) |leader_title3 = Prime Meenister |leader_name3 = Dimitar Glavchev (Димитър Главчев) |legislature = [[Naitional Assemmly (Bulgarie)|Naitional Assemmly]] |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; | 84.8% [[Bulgaries]] | 8.8% [[Turks in Bulgarie|Turks]] | 4.9% [[Roma in Bulgarie|Roma]] | 1.5% others}} |religion = [[Bulgarie Orthodox Kirk]] |demonym = Bulgarie |ethnic_groups_year = 2011{{sfn|NSI Census data|2011|p=4}} |sovereignty_type = [[History o Bulgarie|Formation]] |established_event1 = [[First Bulgarie Empire]] |established_date1 = 681–1018 |established_event2 = [[Seicont Bulgarie Empire]] |established_date2 = 1185–1396 |established_event3 = Modren state: |established_event4 = [[Principality o Bulgarie]] |established_date4 = 3 Mairch 1878{{refn|group=note|name=one|19 Februar in the [[Julian calendar]] uised at the time.}} |established_event5 = Declaration o Unthirldom from the [[Ottoman Empire]] |established_date5 = 5 October 1908{{refn|group=note|name=two|22 September in the [[Julian calendar]] uised at the time.}} |area_rank = 103rd <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> |area_km2 = 110,993.6<ref>{{cite book |title= География на България. Физическа и икономическа география |year= 1997|publisher= АИ „Марин Дринов“}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= География на България |year=2002 |publisher=„ФорКом“ |isbn=9544641238 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= Природна география на България |last= Пенин|first= Румен|year=2007 |publisher=Булвест 2000 |isbn=9789541805466 |pages=18 }}</ref> |area_sq_mi = 42,811 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]. --> |percent_water = 0.3 |population_estimate = 6,875,040{{sfn|NSI Census data|2021}} |population_estimate_year = 2021 |population_estimate_rank = 106th |population_density_km2 = 63 |population_density_sq_mi = 163.2 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]. --> |population_density_rank = 120t |GDP_PPP_year = 2021 |GDP_PPP = $174.998 billion<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Demographic Processes in 2019 {{!}} National statistical institute|url=https://www.nsi.bg/en/content/18125/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5/population-and-demographic-processes-2019|website=www.nsi.bg|access-date=14 December 2021|archive-date=2020-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618152312/https://www.nsi.bg/en/content/18125/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5/population-and-demographic-processes-2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = 73rd |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $25,471 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 55t |GDP_nominal = $77.782 billion<ref name=imfgdp/> |GDP_nominal_rank = 73rd |GDP_nominal_year = 2021 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $11,321 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 61st |Gini_year = 2020 |Gini_change = increase<!-- Increase/decrease/steady. --> |Gini = 40.0<!-- Number only. --> |Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey|publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> |HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --> |HDI_change = increase<!-- Increase/decrease/steady. --> |HDI = 0.794 <!-- Number only. --> |HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 56t |currency = [[Euro]] (€) |currency_code = EUR |country_code = bg |time_zone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]] |utc_offset = +2 |time_zone_DST = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +3 |drives_on = richt |calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Bulgarie|+359]] |cctld = [[.bg]] }} [[File:Regions of Bulgaria Map.png|thumb|Territorial organization]] '''Bulgarie''' ([[Bulgarie leid|Bulgarie]]: ''България'') or is it is offeecially kent, the '''Republic o Bulgarie''' ([[Bulgarie leid|Bulgarie]]: ''Република България'') is a kintra in sooth-eastren [[Europe]]. It is bund bi the [[Black Sea]] tae the east an haes a laund mairch wi [[Greece]] an [[Turkey]] tae the sooth, [[North Macedonie]] an [[Serbie]] tae the wast an [[Romanie]] tae the north. Bulgarie has 110.994 sqaure kilometres (42.885 sqaure mile) o laund, makkin it the saxteenth maistmuckle kintra in Europe. The caipital o Bulgarie is Sofia (Bulgarie: София), its maistmuckle toon. Ither muckle toons in Bulgarie incluid Plovdiv, Varna an Burgas. Frae the 1st o Januar 2007 it became a member o the [[European Union]]. ==Notes== {{Reflist|group=note}} ==References== {{Reflist}} == Fremit Airtins == * [[wikisource:en:Essential History of Bulgaria in Seven Pages|Essential History of Bulgaria in Seven Pages]] {{Commonscat|Bulgaria}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Bulgarie| ]] [[Category:Balkan kintras]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1908]] pikhj8ot1j3k280b60o1mp51mo5ltu5 921050 920902 2026-08-17T23:45:23Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|42|45|N|25|30|E|type:country_scale:2000000|display=title}} {{Infobox kintra |conventional_long_name = Republic o Bulgarie |native_name = {{native name|bg|Република България}}<br/>{{small|''Republika Bǎlgariya''}} |common_name = Bulgarie |image_flag = Flag of Bulgaria.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Bulgaria.svg |image_map = EU-Bulgaria.svg |map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=dark green|region=Europe|region_color=dark grey|subregion=the [[European Union]]|subregion_color=green|legend=EU-Bulgaria.svg}} |national_motto = {{vunblist|{{nowrap|{{native name|bg|Съединението прави силата|italics=off}}}}|"Sǎedinenieto pravi silata"{{nbsp|2}}{{small|([[transliteration]])}}|{{small|"[[Unity makes strength]]"}}}} |national_anthem = <br/>{{native name|bg|Мила Родино|nolink=yes}}<br/>''[[Mila Rodino]]''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|(transleeteration)}}<br/>{{small|''Dear Motherland''}}<br/><center>[[File:Mila Rodino.ogg]]</center> |official_languages = [[Bulgarie leid|Bulgarie]] |languages_type = [[Offeecial script]] |languages_sub = no |languages = [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] |capital = [[Sofia]] |coordinates = {{Coord|42|41|N|23|19|E|type:city}} |largest_city = capital |government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Pairlamentar seestem|pairlamentar]]<br>{{nowrap|[[constitutional republic]]}} |leader_title1 = Preses |leader_name1 = Rumen Radev(Румен Радев) |leader_title2 = Vice Preses |leader_name2 = Iliana Iotova (Илияна Йотова) |leader_title3 = Prime Meenister |leader_name3 = Dimitar Glavchev (Димитър Главчев) |legislature = [[Naitional Assemmly (Bulgarie)|Naitional Assemmly]] |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; | 84.8% [[Bulgaries]] | 8.8% [[Turks in Bulgarie|Turks]] | 4.9% [[Roma in Bulgarie|Roma]] | 1.5% others}} |religion = [[Bulgarie Orthodox Kirk]] |demonym = Bulgarie |ethnic_groups_year = 2011{{sfn|NSI Census data|2011|p=4}} |sovereignty_type = [[History o Bulgarie|Formation]] |established_event1 = [[First Bulgarie Empire]] |established_date1 = 681–1018 |established_event2 = [[Seicont Bulgarie Empire]] |established_date2 = 1185–1396 |established_event3 = Modren state: |established_event4 = [[Principality o Bulgarie]] |established_date4 = 3 Mairch 1878{{refn|group=note|name=one|19 Februar in the [[Julian calendar]] uised at the time.}} |established_event5 = Declaration o Unthirldom from the [[Ottoman Empire]] |established_date5 = 5 October 1908{{refn|group=note|name=two|22 September in the [[Julian calendar]] uised at the time.}} |area_rank = 103rd <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> |area_km2 = 110,993.6<ref>{{cite book |title= География на България. Физическа и икономическа география |year= 1997|publisher= АИ „Марин Дринов“}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= География на България |year=2002 |publisher=„ФорКом“ |isbn=9544641238 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= Природна география на България |last= Пенин|first= Румен|year=2007 |publisher=Булвест 2000 |isbn=9789541805466 |pages=18 }}</ref> |area_sq_mi = 42,811 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]. --> |percent_water = 0.3 |population_estimate = 6,875,040{{sfn|NSI Census data|2021}} |population_estimate_year = 2021 |population_estimate_rank = 106th |population_density_km2 = 63 |population_density_sq_mi = 163.2 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]. --> |population_density_rank = 120t |GDP_PPP_year = 2021 |GDP_PPP = $174.998 billion<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Demographic Processes in 2019 {{!}} National statistical institute|url=https://www.nsi.bg/en/content/18125/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5/population-and-demographic-processes-2019|website=www.nsi.bg|access-date=14 December 2021|archive-date=2020-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618152312/https://www.nsi.bg/en/content/18125/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5/population-and-demographic-processes-2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = 73rd |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $25,471 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 55t |GDP_nominal = $77.782 billion<ref name=imfgdp/> |GDP_nominal_rank = 73rd |GDP_nominal_year = 2021 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $11,321 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 61st |Gini_year = 2020 |Gini_change = increase<!-- Increase/decrease/steady. --> |Gini = 40.0<!-- Number only. --> |Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey|publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> |HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --> |HDI_change = increase<!-- Increase/decrease/steady. --> |HDI = 0.794 <!-- Number only. --> |HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 56t |currency = [[Euro]] (€) |currency_code = EUR |country_code = bg |time_zone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]] |utc_offset = +2 |time_zone_DST = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +3 |drives_on = richt |calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Bulgarie|+359]] |cctld = [[.bg]] }} [[File:Regions of Bulgaria Map.png|thumb|Territorial organization]] '''Bulgarie''' ([[Bulgarie leid|Bulgarie]]: ''България'') or is it is offeecially kent, the '''Republic o Bulgarie''' ([[Bulgarie leid|Bulgarie]]: ''Република България'') is a kintra in sooth-eastren [[Europe]]. It is bund bi the [[Black Sea]] tae the east an haes a laund mairch wi [[Greece]] an [[Turkey]] tae the sooth, [[North Macedonie]] an [[Serbie]] tae the wast an [[Romanie]] tae the north. Bulgarie has 110.994 sqaure kilometres (42.885 sqaure mile) o laund, makkin it the saxteenth maistmuckle kintra in Europe. The caipital o Bulgarie is Sofia (Bulgarie: София), its maistmuckle toon. Ither muckle toons in Bulgarie incluid Plovdiv, Varna an Burgas. Frae the 1st o Januar 2007 it became a member o the [[European Union]]. ==Notes== {{Reflist|group=note}} ==References== {{Reflist}} == Fremit Airtins == * [[wikisource:en:Essential History of Bulgaria in Seven Pages|Essential History of Bulgaria in Seven Pages]] {{Commonscat|Bulgaria}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Bulgarie| ]] [[Category:Balkan kintras]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1908]] iyswv4oevo2ytnelko7xv94evhqahxl 0 5300 920927 912045 2026-08-17T17:33:50Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|the caipital ceity o Greece|ither uises|Athens (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox Greek Dimos |name='''Athens''' |name_local=Αθήνα <br /> Athīna |image_map=2011 Dimos Athineon.png |image_skyline=Athens Montage L.png |imagesize=300 |caption_skyline=Frae upper left: the [[Acropolis o Athens|Acropolis]], the [[Hellenic Parliament]], the [[Zappeion]], the [[Acropolis Museum]], [[Monastiraki|Monastiraki Square]], Athens view towards the sea. |city_flag= |city_seal= |coordinates = {{coord|37|58|N|23|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |periph=[[Attica]] |periphunit =[[Central Athens]] |pop_municipality=655780 |area_municipality=38.964 |districts=7 |mayor=[[Giorgos Kaminis]] |party=Independent |since=29 December 2010 |demonym=Athenian |elevation_min=70 |elevation_max=338 |population_as_of=2011 |population_urban=3074160 |area_urban=412 |population_metro=3737550 |area_metro=2928.717 |postal_code=10x xx, 11x xx, 120 xx |area_code=21 |licence=Yxx, Zxx, Ixx (excluding ZAx and INx) |website=[http://www.cityofathens.gr/ www.cityofathens.gr] }} '''Athens''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|θ|ɨ|n|z}};<ref>{{cite book |title=Longman pronunciation dictionary |first=John C. |last=Wells |publisher=Longman |location=Harlow, England |year=1990 |isbn=0-582-05383-8 |page=48 }} entry "Athens" </ref> {{lang-ell|Αθήνα}}, ''Athína'', {{IPA-el|aˈθina|}}; {{lang-grc|Ἀθῆναι}}, ''Athēnai'') is the [[Caipital ceity|caipital]] an lairgest ceity o [[Greece]]. Athens dominates the [[Attica]] region an is ane o the warld's auldest ceities, wi its [[recordit history]] spannin aroond 3,400 year. [[Classical Athens]], as a landlockit location wis a pouerful [[Polis|ceity-state]] that emergit in conjunction wi the seagoin development o the port o [[Piraeus]]. A centre for the airts, learnin an [[filosofie]], hame o [[Plato]]'s [[Platonic Academy|Academy]] an [[Aristotle]]'s [[Lyceum#History|Lyceum]],<ref>{{cite web |website=www.yppo.gr |title=Contents and Principles of the Programme of Unification of the Archaeological Sites of Athens |publisher=Hellenic Ministry of Culture |url=http://www.yppo.gr/4/e4000.jsp?obj_id=90&lhmma_id=3817 |archive-date=2016-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821134233/http://www.yppo.gr/4/e4000.jsp?obj_id=90&lhmma_id=3817 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Greece uncovers 'holy grail' of Greek archeology |author=CNN & Associated Press |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9701/16/greece.lyceum/index.html |date=16 January 1997 |accessdate=28 March 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206113529/http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9701/16/greece.lyceum/index.html |archivedate=2007-12-06 |url-status=live }}</ref> it is widely referred tae as the [[cradle o ceevilization|cradle]] o Wastren ceevilization an the birthplace o [[democracy]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/40773/Athens |title=Athens |quote=Ancient Greek Athenai, historic city and capital of Greece. Many of classical civilization’s intellectual and artistic ideas originated there, and the city is generally considered to be the birthplace of Western civilization|accessdate=31 December 2008}}</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/greeks/greekdemocracy_01.shtml BBC History on Greek Democracy] – Accessed on 26 January 2007</ref> lairgely due tae the impact o its cultural an poleetical achievements durin the 5t an 4t centuries BC in later centuries on the rest o the then kent [[Europe|European continent]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091028030542/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741501460/Ancient_Greece.html Encarta Ancient Greece]from the Internet Archive– Retrieved on 28 February 2012. 31 October 2009.</ref> The day a cosmopolitan metropolis, modren Athens is central tae economic, feenancial, industrial, poleetical an cultural life in Greece. In 2008, Athens wis rankit the warld's [[Leet o ceities bi GDP|32nt richest ceity]] bi purchasin pouer<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/economics/usb-purchasing-power.html |title=The most expensive and richest cities in the world |publisher=[[City Mayors]] |accessdate=12 May 2008 |year=2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506064245/http://www.citymayors.com/economics/usb-purchasing-power.html |archivedate=2008-05-06 |url-status=live }}</ref> an the 25t maist expensive<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/features/cost_survey.html |title=The lives of expatriates in the world’s most expensive cities |publisher=[[City Mayors]] |accessdate=26 December 2008 |year=2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224033730/http://www.citymayors.com/features/cost_survey.html |archivedate=2008-12-24 |url-status=live }}</ref> in a [[UBS AG|UBS]] study. The ceity is namit in honour o [[Athena]]. == History == Lang syne, Athens wis a feckfu ceity. It wis kent for the feck o learnin that happened thare, an wis hame tae [[Plato|Plato's]] Academy an [[Aristotle|Aristotle's]] [[Lyceum]]. It haed its ain [[Constitution]] an aw. The [[Ottoman Turks]] teuk ower Athens in [[1458]]. The Turks made the [[Parthenon]] intae a [[Muslim]] [[mosque]]. The [[Parthenon]] wis later skaithed in [[1687]] whan gunpouder explodit ben the biggin. Athens wis freed fae the Turks durin the Greek war o unthirldom (1821-33). It syne becam the caipital o Greece. ==Govrenment== [[File:Prefectures of Attica athens.png|thumb|The umwhile [[Athens Prefectur]] (blue), athin the region o [[Attica]] (grey)]] Athens became the [[Caipital ceity|caipital]] o Greece in 1834, follaein [[Nafplio]], which wis the proveesional caipital frae 1829. In addeetion, the municipality o Athens is the caipital o the Attica region. ''Athens'' can refer aither tae the municipality o Athens or tae the entire Athens [[Urban area]], which maks up the "Ceity o Athens" that sprawls athort the ''Attica Basin''. ===Attica Region=== The '''Athens Metropolitan Area''', sprawlin ower {{convert|2928.717|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, is locatit athin the {{convert|3808|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} [[Attica]] region. The region encompasses the maist populatit region o Greece, reachin 3,827,624 indwallers in 2011,<ref name=census11/> while it is housomeivver, ane o the smawest regions in the kintra. The Attica region itsel is split intae aicht [[regional units o Greece|regional units]], oot o which the first fower form ''Greater Athens'', while the [[Piraeus (regional unit)|regional unit o Piraeus]] forms ''Greater Piraeus''. Thegither thay mak up the contiguous biggit up [[urban area]] o the Greek caipital, spanning ower {{convert|412|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Kallikratis>{{PDFlink|1=[http://www.kedke.gr/uploads2010/FEKB129211082010_kallikratis.pdf Kallikratis reform law text]}}</ref> * [[North Athens]] (Urban area) * [[Wast Athens]] (Urban area) * [[Central Athens]] (Urban area) * [[Sooth Athens]] (Urban area) * [[Piraeus (regional unit)|Piraeus]] (Urban area) * [[East Attica]] (Metropolitan area) * [[Wast Attica]] (Metropolitan area) * [[Islands (regional unit)|Islands]] Till 2010, the first fower regional units abuin made up the abolisht [[Athens Prefectur]] (wha is referred tae as ''Greater Athens'') an aw, which wis the maist populous o the [[Prefecturs o Greece]] at the time, accoontin for 2,640,701 fowk (in 2011),<ref name=census11/> athin a area o {{convert|361|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=area/> ===Athens Municipality=== [[File:Athens dimotiko diamerisma.PNG|thumb|The seiven destricts o Athens municipality]] The [[municipality]] o Athens is the [[Leet o ceities in Greece|maist populous in Greece]], wi a population o 664,046 fowk (in 2011)<ref name=census11/> an a area o {{convert|39|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}},<ref name=area>{{cite web |url=http://www.ypes.gr/topiki.htm |title=Characteristics |work=Hellenic Interior Ministry |publisher=www.ypes.gr |accessdate=6 January 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104231706/http://www.ypes.gr/topiki.htm |archivedate=2007-01-04 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.ypes.gr/topiki.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-06-16 |archive-date=2007-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104231706/http://www.ypes.gr/topiki.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> formin the core o the Athens Urban Area athin the ''Attica Basin''. The current mayor o Athens is [[Giorgos Kaminis]]. The municipality is dividit intae seiven municipal destricts which are mainly uised for admeenistrative purposes. Population data for the 7 municipal destricts o Athens (2001 census):<ref>{{cite web |title=Hellenic Statistical Authority (EL.STAT) |url=https://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/PAGE-themes?p_param=A1604 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420174851/https://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/PAGE-themes?p_param=A1604 |archive-date=2015-04-20 |access-date=2024-03-24}}</ref> 1st: 97,570 2nt: 110,069 3rd: 48,305 4t: 87,672 5t: 95,234 6t: 147,181 7t: 159,483 For Athenians the maist popular wey o dividin the ceity proper is throu its neebourheids sic as [[Pangrati|Pagkrati]], [[Ambelokipi, Athens|Ambelokipi]], [[Exarcheia]], [[Patissia]], [[Ilissia]], [[Petralona]], [[Koukaki]] an [[Kypseli, Athens|Kypseli]], each wi its awn distinct history an characteristics. The Athens municipality forms the core an centre o '''Greater Athens''' an aw which consists o the Athens municipality an 34 mair municipalities, which are dividit in the fower regional units mentioned abuin. {|class="wikitable" |+ '''Municipalities o Greater Athens''' |- |style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| {|style="width: 100%; font-size: 80%;" |- |[[Central Athens|Central Section]]: ||1. Ceity o Athens ||2. [[Dafni-Ymittos|Dafni]] ||3. [[Ilioupoli]] ||4. [[Vyronas]] ||5. [[Kaisariani]] ||6. [[Zografou]] ||7. [[Galatsi]] ||8. '''[[Filadelfeia–Chalkidona|Filadelfeia]]''' |} |- |style="text-align:center;"| {|style="width: 100%; font-size: 80%;" |- |[[Wast Athens|Wast Section]]: |- |29. [[Egaleo]] |- |30. [[Agia Varvara]] |- |31. [[Chaidari]] |- |32. [[Peristeri]] |- |33. [[Petroupoli]] |- |34. [[Ilio, Greece|Ilion]] |- |35. [[Agioi Anargyroi]] – [[Kamatero]] |} |style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Athens Municipalities g2.jpg|470px|Athens]] |style="text-align:center;"| {|style="width: 100%; font-size: 80%;" |- |[[North Athens|North Section]]: |- |9. [[Nea Ionia]] |- |10. [[Irakleio, Attica|Irakleio]] |- |11. [[Metamorfosi]] |- |12. [[Lykovrysi]] – [[Pefki]] |- |13. [[Kifissia]] |- |14. [[Penteli, Greece|Penteli]] - [[Melissia]] |- |15. [[Marousi|Amarousio]] |- |16. [[Vrilissia]] |- |17. [[Agia Paraskevi|Ag. Paraskevi]] |- |18. [[Cholargos]] – [[Papagou]] |- |19. [[Chalandri]] |- |20. [[Filothei]] – [[Psychiko]] |} |- |style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| {|style="width: 100%; font-size: 80%;" |- |[[Sooth Athens|Sooth Section]]:||21. [[Glyfada]] ||22. [[Elliniko-Argyroupoli]] ||23. [[Alimos]] ||24. [[Agios Dimitrios]] ||25. [[Nea Smyrni]] ||26. [[Palaio Faliro|Faliro]] ||27. [[Kallithea]] ||28. [[Moschato–Tavros|Moschato]] |} |} The municipalities o Greater Athens alang wi the municipalities athin Greater [[Piraeus]] ([[Piraeus (regional unit)|regional unit o Piraeus]]) form the Athens Urban Area, while the lairger metropolitan area includes several addeetional suburbs an touns surroondin the dense [[urban area]] o the Greek caipital. == Sports == Athens haes several lairge sports clubs lik fitball clubs [[AEK Athens F.C.]], [[Panathinaikos F.C.]] an [[Panionios G.S.S]], basketbaa club [[Maroussi B.C.]] an handbaw club [[Sony Athinaikos Athens]]. === Olympic Gemmes === * [[1896]] - The [[Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] teuk place in Athens. * [[2004]] - The [[Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] teuk place in Athens. == Internaitional relations == === Twin touns – Sister ceities === Athens is [[twin touns an sister ceities|twinned]] wi: {{MultiCol}} *{{flagicon|United States}} [[Athens, Georgie]], [[Unitit States]]<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Athens,GA : Sister Cities |url=http://www.museumstuff.com/learn/topics/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714134505/http://www.museumstuff.com/learn/topics/Athens,_GA::sub::Sister_Cities |archive-date=2011-07-14 |access-date=2024-03-24}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]] (1999)<ref name="Barcelona">{{cite web|url=http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,229724149_257215678_1,00.html|title=Barcelona internacional – Ciutats agermanades|publisher=Ajuntament de Barcelona|language=es|accessdate=13 July 2009|archive-date=2012-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127043638/http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,229724149_257215678_1,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] (2005)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/ |title=Beijing Sister Cities |accessdate=3 January 2007 |work=City of Beijing |publisher=www.ebeijing.gov.cn |archive-date=2010-01-17 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq6B2fdq?url=http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fwww%2ebeirut%2egov%2elb%2fMCMSEN%2fTwinning%2bthe%2bCities%2f&NRNODEGUID=%7b18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7d&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest |title=Twinnings of the city |accessdate=25 January 2008 |work=City of Beirut |publisher=www.beirut.gov.lb |archive-date=2008-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221055403/http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fwww.beirut.gov.lb%2FMCMSEN%2FTwinning+the+Cities%2F&NRNODEGUID=%7B18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest%23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Bethlehem]], [[State o Palestine|Palestine]] (1986)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.twinningwithpalestine.net/groupsinternational.html |title=Twinning with Palestine |work=Twinning With Palestine |accessdate=26 January 2008 |archive-date=2012-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628210624/http://www.twinningwithpalestine.net/groupsinternational.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="BethlehemTwinning">{{cite web |url=http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php |title=::Bethlehem Municipality:: |publisher=www.bethlehem-city.org |accessdate=10 October 2009 |archive-date=2010-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724140854/http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Bucharest]], [[Romanie]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ase.ro/engleza/life_bucharest/history.asp |title=Academy of Economic Studies – Short History of Bucharest |accessdate=1 August 2008 |work=Bucharest University of Economics |archive-date=2007-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221121033/http://www.ase.ro/engleza/life_bucharest/history.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], [[United States]] (1997)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chicagosistercities.com/index.php |title=Chicago Sister Cities |accessdate=3 January 2007 |work=City of Chicago |publisher=www.chicagosistercities.com |archive-date=2013-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311160401/http://www.chicagosistercities.com/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Peru}} [[Cusco]], [[Peru]] (1991)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.municusco.gob.pe/ver.php?id=6 |title=Ciudades Hermanas |language=Spanish |work=Municipalidad del Cusco |publisher=www.municusco.gob.pe |accessdate=25 January 2008 |archive-date=2009-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803122352/http://www.municusco.gob.pe/ver.php?id=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=94185 |publisher=Radikal |language=Turkish |date=3 November 2003 |title=İstanbul'a 49 kardeş |last=Erdem |first=Selim Efe |accessdate=25 January 2008 |work=Radikal}}</ref> {{ColBreak}} * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], [[Unitit States]] (1984)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lacity.org/sistercities/ |title=Los Angeles Sister Cities |accessdate=3 January 2007 |work=City of Los Angeles |publisher=www.lacity.org |archive-date=2007-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104020957/http://www.lacity.org/sistercities/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mos.ru/wps/portal/!ut/p/c1/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3izECfXQHMPIwODQFMTAyMXFwNnFydvYwN3I6B8pFm8AQ7gaEBAdzjIPtwqDAwg8njM9_PIz03VL8iNMMgycVQEANg5rCU!/dl2/d1/L3dJVkkvd0xNQUJrQUVrQSEhL1lCcHhKRjFOQUEhIS82XzZUQkVRN0gyMDBRNTQwMkREMENEQkszMDA1LzdfNlRCRVE3SDIwMFE1NDAyREQwQ0RCSzMwODc!?nID=6_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK30G2&cID=6_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK30G2&documentId=102289#7_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK3087 |title=Moscow International Relations |date=June 2007 |accessdate=31 July 2008 |work=Moscow City Government |archive-date=2017-10-10 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171010203243/http://www.mos.ru/wps/portal/!ut/p/c1/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3izECfXQHMPIwODQFMTAyMXFwNnFydvYwN3I6B8pFm8AQ7gaEBAdzjIPtwqDAwg8njM9_PIz03VL8iNMMgycVQEANg5rCU!/dl2/d1/L3dJVkkvd0xNQUJrQUVrQSEhL1lCcHhKRjFOQUEhIS82XzZUQkVRN0gyMDBRNTQwMkREMENEQkszMDA1LzdfNlRCRVE3SDIwMFE1NDAyREQwQ0RCSzMwODc!?nID=6_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK30G2&cID=6_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK30G2&documentId=102289#7_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK3087 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Naples]], [[Italy]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931 |title=Gemellaggi |language=Italian |work=Comune di Napoli |accessdate=1 September 2008 |archive-date=2013-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722204102/http://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]] (1988)<ref>{{cite web |title=Nicosia:Twin Cities |url=http://www.nicosia.org.cy/english/lefkosia_twins_athens.shtm |accessdate=25 January 2008 |work=Nicosia Municipality |publisher=www.nicosia.org.cy |archive-date=2011-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524003246/http://www.nicosia.org.cy/english/lefkosia_twins_athens.shtm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Seoul]], [[Republic o Korea|Sooth Korea]] (2006)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html |title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities |accessdate=26 January 2008 |work=Seoul Metropolitan Government |publisher=www.seoul.go.kr |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210175055/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html |archivedate=2007-12-10 |url-status=live }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Albania}} [[Tirana]], [[Albanie]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |title=Twinning Cities: International Relations |accessdate=25 January 2008 |work=Municipality of Tirana |publisher=www.tirana.gov.al |archive-date=2011-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010042121/http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Unitit States]] (2000)<ref>{{cite web |title=Protocol and International Affairs: Sister-City Agreements |url=http://os.dc.gov/os/cwp/view,a,1206,q,522336.asp |accessdate=25 January 2008 |work=District of Columbia |publisher=os.dc.gov |archive-date=2008-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513185356/http://os.dc.gov/os/cwp/view%2Ca%2C1206%2Cq%2C522336.asp#sister |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{ColBreak}} === Pairtnerships === * {{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Belgrade]], [[Serbie]] (1966)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=1225698 |title=International Cooperation |accessdate=26 January 2008 |work=Grad Beograd |publisher=www.beograd.rs |archive-date=2012-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828072526/http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=1225698 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Armenia}} [[Yerevan]], [[Armenie]] (1993)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yerevan.am/index.php?page=athina&lang=eng |title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities: Athens |accessdate=26 January 2008 |work=Yerevan Municipality |publisher=www.yerevan.am |archive-date=2009-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113231957/http://www.yerevan.am/index.php?page=athina&lang=eng |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], [[Fraunce]] (2000) * {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Cali|Santiago de Cali]], [[Colombie]] {{EndMultiCol}} == References == {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{sisterlinks|voy=Athens}} ;Offeecial * [http://www.cityofathens.gr/en/ Cityofathens.gr] – Ceity o Athens offeecial wabsteid * [http://www.visitgreece.gr/en/main_cities/athens Athens] The offeecial wabsteid o the Greek Naitional Tourism Organisation {{Geographic location |Centre=Athens |North=[[Nea Filadelfeia]], [[Nea Ionia]] an [[Galatsi]] |Northeast=[[Psychiko]], [[Neo Psychiko]] an [[Papagou]] |East=[[Zografou]] an [[Kaisariani]] |Southeast=[[Vyronas]], [[Ymittos]] an [[Dafni, Attica|Dafni]] |South= [[Nea Smyrni]] |Southwest=[[Kallithea]] |West=[[Egaleo|Aigaleo]] an [[Tavros]] |Northwest=[[Peristeri]] }} {{Warld Beuk Caipital}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Athens| ]]<!--leave the empty space as standard--> [[Category:Populatit places in Central Athens]] [[Category:Auncient Greek ceities]] [[Category:Caipitals in Europe]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Greece]] [[Category:Ceity-states]] [[Category:Greek prefectural caipitals]] [[Category:Greek regional caipitals]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 3rd millennium BC]] [[Category:Tourism in Greece]] [[Category:Auncient Greek steids in Greece]] [[Category:Populatit places in Auncient Greece]] [[Category:Roman steids in Greece]] {{Stub/Europe}} {{Stub/Ceity}} 0apw60p8oco0mwwgring2c2iersso2d 921035 920927 2026-08-17T23:26:05Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|the caipital ceity o Greece|ither uises|Athens (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox Greek Dimos |name= '''Athens''' |name_local= Αθήνα <br /> Athīna |image_map= 2011 Dimos Athineon.png |image_skyline= Athens Montage L.png |imagesize= 300 |caption_skyline= Frae upper left: the [[Acropolis o Athens|Acropolis]], the [[Hellenic Parliament]], the [[Zappeion]], the [[Acropolis Museum]], [[Monastiraki|Monastiraki Square]], Athens view towards the sea. |coordinates = {{coord|37|58|N|23|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |periph= [[Attica]] |periphunit = [[Central Athens]] |pop_municipality= 655780 |area_municipality= 38.964 |districts= 7 |mayor= [[Giorgos Kaminis]] |party= Independent |since= 29 December 2010 |demonym= Athenian |elevation_min= 70 |elevation_max= 338 |population_as_of= 2011 |population_urban= 3074160 |area_urban= 412 |population_metro= 3737550 |area_metro= 2928.717 |postal_code= 10x xx, 11x xx, 120 xx |area_code= 21 |licence= Yxx, Zxx, Ixx (excluding ZAx and INx) |website= [http://www.cityofathens.gr/ www.cityofathens.gr] }} '''Athens''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|θ|ɨ|n|z}};<ref>{{cite book |title=Longman pronunciation dictionary |first=John C. |last=Wells |publisher=Longman |location=Harlow, England |year=1990 |isbn=0-582-05383-8 |page=48 }} entry "Athens" </ref> {{lang-ell|Αθήνα}}, ''Athína'', {{IPA-el|aˈθina|}}; {{lang-grc|Ἀθῆναι}}, ''Athēnai'') is the [[Caipital ceity|caipital]] an lairgest ceity o [[Greece]]. Athens dominates the [[Attica]] region an is ane o the warld's auldest ceities, wi its [[recordit history]] spannin aroond 3,400 year. [[Classical Athens]], as a landlockit location wis a pouerful [[Polis|ceity-state]] that emergit in conjunction wi the seagoin development o the port o [[Piraeus]]. A centre for the airts, learnin an [[filosofie]], hame o [[Plato]]'s [[Platonic Academy|Academy]] an [[Aristotle]]'s [[Lyceum#History|Lyceum]],<ref>{{cite web |website=www.yppo.gr |title=Contents and Principles of the Programme of Unification of the Archaeological Sites of Athens |publisher=Hellenic Ministry of Culture |url=http://www.yppo.gr/4/e4000.jsp?obj_id=90&lhmma_id=3817 |archive-date=2016-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821134233/http://www.yppo.gr/4/e4000.jsp?obj_id=90&lhmma_id=3817 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Greece uncovers 'holy grail' of Greek archeology |author=CNN & Associated Press |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9701/16/greece.lyceum/index.html |date=16 January 1997 |accessdate=28 March 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206113529/http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9701/16/greece.lyceum/index.html |archivedate=2007-12-06 |url-status=live }}</ref> it is widely referred tae as the [[cradle o ceevilization|cradle]] o Wastren ceevilization an the birthplace o [[democracy]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/40773/Athens |title=Athens |quote=Ancient Greek Athenai, historic city and capital of Greece. Many of classical civilization’s intellectual and artistic ideas originated there, and the city is generally considered to be the birthplace of Western civilization|accessdate=31 December 2008}}</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/greeks/greekdemocracy_01.shtml BBC History on Greek Democracy] – Accessed on 26 January 2007</ref> lairgely due tae the impact o its cultural an poleetical achievements durin the 5t an 4t centuries BC in later centuries on the rest o the then kent [[Europe|European continent]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091028030542/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741501460/Ancient_Greece.html Encarta Ancient Greece]from the Internet Archive– Retrieved on 28 February 2012. 31 October 2009.</ref> The day a cosmopolitan metropolis, modren Athens is central tae economic, feenancial, industrial, poleetical an cultural life in Greece. In 2008, Athens wis rankit the warld's [[Leet o ceities bi GDP|32nt richest ceity]] bi purchasin pouer<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/economics/usb-purchasing-power.html |title=The most expensive and richest cities in the world |publisher=[[City Mayors]] |accessdate=12 May 2008 |year=2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506064245/http://www.citymayors.com/economics/usb-purchasing-power.html |archivedate=2008-05-06 |url-status=live }}</ref> an the 25t maist expensive<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/features/cost_survey.html |title=The lives of expatriates in the world’s most expensive cities |publisher=[[City Mayors]] |accessdate=26 December 2008 |year=2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224033730/http://www.citymayors.com/features/cost_survey.html |archivedate=2008-12-24 |url-status=live }}</ref> in a [[UBS AG|UBS]] study. The ceity is namit in honour o [[Athena]]. == History == Lang syne, Athens wis a feckfu ceity. It wis kent for the feck o learnin that happened thare, an wis hame tae [[Plato|Plato's]] Academy an [[Aristotle|Aristotle's]] [[Lyceum]]. It haed its ain [[Constitution]] an aw. The [[Ottoman Turks]] teuk ower Athens in [[1458]]. The Turks made the [[Parthenon]] intae a [[Muslim]] [[mosque]]. The [[Parthenon]] wis later skaithed in [[1687]] whan gunpouder explodit ben the biggin. Athens wis freed fae the Turks durin the Greek war o unthirldom (1821-33). It syne becam the caipital o Greece. ==Govrenment== [[File:Prefectures of Attica athens.png|thumb|The umwhile [[Athens Prefectur]] (blue), athin the region o [[Attica]] (grey)]] Athens became the [[Caipital ceity|caipital]] o Greece in 1834, follaein [[Nafplio]], which wis the proveesional caipital frae 1829. In addeetion, the municipality o Athens is the caipital o the Attica region. ''Athens'' can refer aither tae the municipality o Athens or tae the entire Athens [[Urban area]], which maks up the "Ceity o Athens" that sprawls athort the ''Attica Basin''. ===Attica Region=== The '''Athens Metropolitan Area''', sprawlin ower {{convert|2928.717|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, is locatit athin the {{convert|3808|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} [[Attica]] region. The region encompasses the maist populatit region o Greece, reachin 3,827,624 indwallers in 2011,<ref name=census11/> while it is housomeivver, ane o the smawest regions in the kintra. The Attica region itsel is split intae aicht [[regional units o Greece|regional units]], oot o which the first fower form ''Greater Athens'', while the [[Piraeus (regional unit)|regional unit o Piraeus]] forms ''Greater Piraeus''. Thegither thay mak up the contiguous biggit up [[urban area]] o the Greek caipital, spanning ower {{convert|412|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Kallikratis>{{PDFlink|1=[http://www.kedke.gr/uploads2010/FEKB129211082010_kallikratis.pdf Kallikratis reform law text]}}</ref> * [[North Athens]] (Urban area) * [[Wast Athens]] (Urban area) * [[Central Athens]] (Urban area) * [[Sooth Athens]] (Urban area) * [[Piraeus (regional unit)|Piraeus]] (Urban area) * [[East Attica]] (Metropolitan area) * [[Wast Attica]] (Metropolitan area) * [[Islands (regional unit)|Islands]] Till 2010, the first fower regional units abuin made up the abolisht [[Athens Prefectur]] (wha is referred tae as ''Greater Athens'') an aw, which wis the maist populous o the [[Prefecturs o Greece]] at the time, accoontin for 2,640,701 fowk (in 2011),<ref name=census11/> athin a area o {{convert|361|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=area/> ===Athens Municipality=== [[File:Athens dimotiko diamerisma.PNG|thumb|The seiven destricts o Athens municipality]] The [[municipality]] o Athens is the [[Leet o ceities in Greece|maist populous in Greece]], wi a population o 664,046 fowk (in 2011)<ref name=census11/> an a area o {{convert|39|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}},<ref name=area>{{cite web |url=http://www.ypes.gr/topiki.htm |title=Characteristics |work=Hellenic Interior Ministry |publisher=www.ypes.gr |accessdate=6 January 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104231706/http://www.ypes.gr/topiki.htm |archivedate=2007-01-04 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.ypes.gr/topiki.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-06-16 |archive-date=2007-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104231706/http://www.ypes.gr/topiki.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> formin the core o the Athens Urban Area athin the ''Attica Basin''. The current mayor o Athens is [[Giorgos Kaminis]]. The municipality is dividit intae seiven municipal destricts which are mainly uised for admeenistrative purposes. Population data for the 7 municipal destricts o Athens (2001 census):<ref>{{cite web |title=Hellenic Statistical Authority (EL.STAT) |url=https://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/PAGE-themes?p_param=A1604 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420174851/https://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/PAGE-themes?p_param=A1604 |archive-date=2015-04-20 |access-date=2024-03-24}}</ref> 1st: 97,570 2nt: 110,069 3rd: 48,305 4t: 87,672 5t: 95,234 6t: 147,181 7t: 159,483 For Athenians the maist popular wey o dividin the ceity proper is throu its neebourheids sic as [[Pangrati|Pagkrati]], [[Ambelokipi, Athens|Ambelokipi]], [[Exarcheia]], [[Patissia]], [[Ilissia]], [[Petralona]], [[Koukaki]] an [[Kypseli, Athens|Kypseli]], each wi its awn distinct history an characteristics. The Athens municipality forms the core an centre o '''Greater Athens''' an aw which consists o the Athens municipality an 34 mair municipalities, which are dividit in the fower regional units mentioned abuin. {|class="wikitable" |+ '''Municipalities o Greater Athens''' |- |style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| {|style="width: 100%; font-size: 80%;" |- |[[Central Athens|Central Section]]: ||1. Ceity o Athens ||2. [[Dafni-Ymittos|Dafni]] ||3. [[Ilioupoli]] ||4. [[Vyronas]] ||5. [[Kaisariani]] ||6. [[Zografou]] ||7. [[Galatsi]] ||8. '''[[Filadelfeia–Chalkidona|Filadelfeia]]''' |} |- |style="text-align:center;"| {|style="width: 100%; font-size: 80%;" |- |[[Wast Athens|Wast Section]]: |- |29. [[Egaleo]] |- |30. [[Agia Varvara]] |- |31. [[Chaidari]] |- |32. [[Peristeri]] |- |33. [[Petroupoli]] |- |34. [[Ilio, Greece|Ilion]] |- |35. [[Agioi Anargyroi]] – [[Kamatero]] |} |style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Athens Municipalities g2.jpg|470px|Athens]] |style="text-align:center;"| {|style="width: 100%; font-size: 80%;" |- |[[North Athens|North Section]]: |- |9. [[Nea Ionia]] |- |10. [[Irakleio, Attica|Irakleio]] |- |11. [[Metamorfosi]] |- |12. [[Lykovrysi]] – [[Pefki]] |- |13. [[Kifissia]] |- |14. [[Penteli, Greece|Penteli]] - [[Melissia]] |- |15. [[Marousi|Amarousio]] |- |16. [[Vrilissia]] |- |17. [[Agia Paraskevi|Ag. Paraskevi]] |- |18. [[Cholargos]] – [[Papagou]] |- |19. [[Chalandri]] |- |20. [[Filothei]] – [[Psychiko]] |} |- |style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| {|style="width: 100%; font-size: 80%;" |- |[[Sooth Athens|Sooth Section]]:||21. [[Glyfada]] ||22. [[Elliniko-Argyroupoli]] ||23. [[Alimos]] ||24. [[Agios Dimitrios]] ||25. [[Nea Smyrni]] ||26. [[Palaio Faliro|Faliro]] ||27. [[Kallithea]] ||28. [[Moschato–Tavros|Moschato]] |} |} The municipalities o Greater Athens alang wi the municipalities athin Greater [[Piraeus]] ([[Piraeus (regional unit)|regional unit o Piraeus]]) form the Athens Urban Area, while the lairger metropolitan area includes several addeetional suburbs an touns surroondin the dense [[urban area]] o the Greek caipital. == Sports == Athens haes several lairge sports clubs lik fitball clubs [[AEK Athens F.C.]], [[Panathinaikos F.C.]] an [[Panionios G.S.S]], basketbaa club [[Maroussi B.C.]] an handbaw club [[Sony Athinaikos Athens]]. === Olympic Gemmes === * [[1896]] - The [[Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] teuk place in Athens. * [[2004]] - The [[Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] teuk place in Athens. == Internaitional relations == === Twin touns – Sister ceities === Athens is [[twin touns an sister ceities|twinned]] wi: {{MultiCol}} *{{flagicon|United States}} [[Athens, Georgie]], [[Unitit States]]<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Athens,GA : Sister Cities |url=http://www.museumstuff.com/learn/topics/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714134505/http://www.museumstuff.com/learn/topics/Athens,_GA::sub::Sister_Cities |archive-date=2011-07-14 |access-date=2024-03-24}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]] (1999)<ref name="Barcelona">{{cite web|url=http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,229724149_257215678_1,00.html|title=Barcelona internacional – Ciutats agermanades|publisher=Ajuntament de Barcelona|language=es|accessdate=13 July 2009|archive-date=2012-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127043638/http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,229724149_257215678_1,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] (2005)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/ |title=Beijing Sister Cities |accessdate=3 January 2007 |work=City of Beijing |publisher=www.ebeijing.gov.cn |archive-date=2010-01-17 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq6B2fdq?url=http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fwww%2ebeirut%2egov%2elb%2fMCMSEN%2fTwinning%2bthe%2bCities%2f&NRNODEGUID=%7b18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7d&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest |title=Twinnings of the city |accessdate=25 January 2008 |work=City of Beirut |publisher=www.beirut.gov.lb |archive-date=2008-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221055403/http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fwww.beirut.gov.lb%2FMCMSEN%2FTwinning+the+Cities%2F&NRNODEGUID=%7B18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest%23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Bethlehem]], [[State o Palestine|Palestine]] (1986)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.twinningwithpalestine.net/groupsinternational.html |title=Twinning with Palestine |work=Twinning With Palestine |accessdate=26 January 2008 |archive-date=2012-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628210624/http://www.twinningwithpalestine.net/groupsinternational.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="BethlehemTwinning">{{cite web |url=http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php |title=::Bethlehem Municipality:: |publisher=www.bethlehem-city.org |accessdate=10 October 2009 |archive-date=2010-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724140854/http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Bucharest]], [[Romanie]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ase.ro/engleza/life_bucharest/history.asp |title=Academy of Economic Studies – Short History of Bucharest |accessdate=1 August 2008 |work=Bucharest University of Economics |archive-date=2007-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221121033/http://www.ase.ro/engleza/life_bucharest/history.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], [[United States]] (1997)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chicagosistercities.com/index.php |title=Chicago Sister Cities |accessdate=3 January 2007 |work=City of Chicago |publisher=www.chicagosistercities.com |archive-date=2013-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311160401/http://www.chicagosistercities.com/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Peru}} [[Cusco]], [[Peru]] (1991)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.municusco.gob.pe/ver.php?id=6 |title=Ciudades Hermanas |language=Spanish |work=Municipalidad del Cusco |publisher=www.municusco.gob.pe |accessdate=25 January 2008 |archive-date=2009-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803122352/http://www.municusco.gob.pe/ver.php?id=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=94185 |publisher=Radikal |language=Turkish |date=3 November 2003 |title=İstanbul'a 49 kardeş |last=Erdem |first=Selim Efe |accessdate=25 January 2008 |work=Radikal}}</ref> {{ColBreak}} * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], [[Unitit States]] (1984)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lacity.org/sistercities/ |title=Los Angeles Sister Cities |accessdate=3 January 2007 |work=City of Los Angeles |publisher=www.lacity.org |archive-date=2007-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104020957/http://www.lacity.org/sistercities/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mos.ru/wps/portal/!ut/p/c1/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3izECfXQHMPIwODQFMTAyMXFwNnFydvYwN3I6B8pFm8AQ7gaEBAdzjIPtwqDAwg8njM9_PIz03VL8iNMMgycVQEANg5rCU!/dl2/d1/L3dJVkkvd0xNQUJrQUVrQSEhL1lCcHhKRjFOQUEhIS82XzZUQkVRN0gyMDBRNTQwMkREMENEQkszMDA1LzdfNlRCRVE3SDIwMFE1NDAyREQwQ0RCSzMwODc!?nID=6_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK30G2&cID=6_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK30G2&documentId=102289#7_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK3087 |title=Moscow International Relations |date=June 2007 |accessdate=31 July 2008 |work=Moscow City Government |archive-date=2017-10-10 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171010203243/http://www.mos.ru/wps/portal/!ut/p/c1/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3izECfXQHMPIwODQFMTAyMXFwNnFydvYwN3I6B8pFm8AQ7gaEBAdzjIPtwqDAwg8njM9_PIz03VL8iNMMgycVQEANg5rCU!/dl2/d1/L3dJVkkvd0xNQUJrQUVrQSEhL1lCcHhKRjFOQUEhIS82XzZUQkVRN0gyMDBRNTQwMkREMENEQkszMDA1LzdfNlRCRVE3SDIwMFE1NDAyREQwQ0RCSzMwODc!?nID=6_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK30G2&cID=6_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK30G2&documentId=102289#7_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK3087 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Naples]], [[Italy]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931 |title=Gemellaggi |language=Italian |work=Comune di Napoli |accessdate=1 September 2008 |archive-date=2013-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722204102/http://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]] (1988)<ref>{{cite web |title=Nicosia:Twin Cities |url=http://www.nicosia.org.cy/english/lefkosia_twins_athens.shtm |accessdate=25 January 2008 |work=Nicosia Municipality |publisher=www.nicosia.org.cy |archive-date=2011-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524003246/http://www.nicosia.org.cy/english/lefkosia_twins_athens.shtm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Seoul]], [[Republic o Korea|Sooth Korea]] (2006)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html |title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities |accessdate=26 January 2008 |work=Seoul Metropolitan Government |publisher=www.seoul.go.kr |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210175055/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html |archivedate=2007-12-10 |url-status=live }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Albania}} [[Tirana]], [[Albanie]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |title=Twinning Cities: International Relations |accessdate=25 January 2008 |work=Municipality of Tirana |publisher=www.tirana.gov.al |archive-date=2011-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010042121/http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Unitit States]] (2000)<ref>{{cite web |title=Protocol and International Affairs: Sister-City Agreements |url=http://os.dc.gov/os/cwp/view,a,1206,q,522336.asp |accessdate=25 January 2008 |work=District of Columbia |publisher=os.dc.gov |archive-date=2008-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513185356/http://os.dc.gov/os/cwp/view%2Ca%2C1206%2Cq%2C522336.asp#sister |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{ColBreak}} === Pairtnerships === * {{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Belgrade]], [[Serbie]] (1966)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=1225698 |title=International Cooperation |accessdate=26 January 2008 |work=Grad Beograd |publisher=www.beograd.rs |archive-date=2012-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828072526/http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=1225698 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Armenia}} [[Yerevan]], [[Armenie]] (1993)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yerevan.am/index.php?page=athina&lang=eng |title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities: Athens |accessdate=26 January 2008 |work=Yerevan Municipality |publisher=www.yerevan.am |archive-date=2009-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113231957/http://www.yerevan.am/index.php?page=athina&lang=eng |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], [[Fraunce]] (2000) * {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Cali|Santiago de Cali]], [[Colombie]] {{EndMultiCol}} == References == {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{sisterlinks|voy=Athens}} ;Offeecial * [http://www.cityofathens.gr/en/ Cityofathens.gr] – Ceity o Athens offeecial wabsteid * [http://www.visitgreece.gr/en/main_cities/athens Athens] The offeecial wabsteid o the Greek Naitional Tourism Organisation {{Geographic location |Centre=Athens |North=[[Nea Filadelfeia]], [[Nea Ionia]] an [[Galatsi]] |Northeast=[[Psychiko]], [[Neo Psychiko]] an [[Papagou]] |East=[[Zografou]] an [[Kaisariani]] |Southeast=[[Vyronas]], [[Ymittos]] an [[Dafni, Attica|Dafni]] |South= [[Nea Smyrni]] |Southwest=[[Kallithea]] |West=[[Egaleo|Aigaleo]] an [[Tavros]] |Northwest=[[Peristeri]] }} {{Warld Beuk Caipital}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Athens| ]]<!--leave the empty space as standard--> [[Category:Populatit places in Central Athens]] [[Category:Auncient Greek ceities]] [[Category:Caipitals in Europe]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Greece]] [[Category:Ceity-states]] [[Category:Greek prefectural caipitals]] [[Category:Greek regional caipitals]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 3rd millennium BC]] [[Category:Tourism in Greece]] [[Category:Auncient Greek steids in Greece]] [[Category:Populatit places in Auncient Greece]] [[Category:Roman steids in Greece]] {{Stub/Europe}} {{Stub/Ceity}} i34yzq8a92uu77462zhu66wuswltez1 921082 921035 2026-08-18T11:44:49Z PurpleDinosaur585 129975 stertit mendin Scots 921082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|the caipital ceity o Greece|ither uises|Athens (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox Greek Dimos |name= '''Athens''' |name_local= Αθήνα <br /> Athīna |image_map= 2011 Dimos Athineon.png |image_skyline= Athens Montage L.png |imagesize= 300 |caption_skyline= Frae upper left: the [[Acropolis o Athens|Acropolis]], the [[Hellenic Parliament]], the [[Zappeion]], the [[Acropolis Museum]], [[Monastiraki|Monastiraki Square]], vizzy o Athens till the sea. |coordinates = {{coord|37|58|N|23|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |periph= [[Attica]] |periphunit = [[Central Athens]] |pop_municipality= 655780 |area_municipality= 38.964 |districts= 7 |mayor= [[Giorgos Kaminis]] |party= Independent |since= 29 December 2010 |demonym= Athenian |elevation_min= 70 |elevation_max= 338 |population_as_of= 2011 |population_urban= 3074160 |area_urban= 412 |population_metro= 3737550 |area_metro= 2928.717 |postal_code= 10x xx, 11x xx, 120 xx |area_code= 21 |licence= Yxx, Zxx, Ixx (excluding ZAx and INx) |website= [http://www.cityofathens.gr/ www.cityofathens.gr] }} '''Athens''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|θ|ɨ|n|z}};<ref>{{cite book |title=Longman pronunciation dictionary |first=John C. |last=Wells |publisher=Longman |location=Harlow, England |year=1990 |isbn=0-582-05383-8 |page=48 }} entry "Athens" </ref> {{lang-ell|Αθήνα}}, ''Athína'', {{IPA-el|aˈθina|}}; {{lang-grc|Ἀθῆναι}}, ''Athēnai'') is the [[Caipital ceity|capital]] an mucklest ceity o [[Greece]]. Athens dominates the [[Attica]] region an is ane o the warld's auldest ceities, wi its [[recordit history]] spannin aroond 3,400 year. [[Classical Athens]], as a landlockit location wis a pouerful [[Polis|ceity-state]] that kythed alangside the up-biggin o the port o [[Piraeus]]. A heidmaist airt for the airts, learnin an philosophy, hame o [[Plato]]'s [[Platonic Academy|Academy]] an [[Aristotle]]'s [[Lyceum#History|Lyceum]],<ref>{{cite web |website=www.yppo.gr |title=Contents and Principles of the Programme of Unification of the Archaeological Sites of Athens |publisher=Hellenic Ministry of Culture |url=http://www.yppo.gr/4/e4000.jsp?obj_id=90&lhmma_id=3817 |archive-date=2016-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821134233/http://www.yppo.gr/4/e4000.jsp?obj_id=90&lhmma_id=3817 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Greece uncovers 'holy grail' of Greek archeology |author=CNN & Associated Press |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9701/16/greece.lyceum/index.html |date=16 January 1997 |accessdate=28 March 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206113529/http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9701/16/greece.lyceum/index.html |archivedate=2007-12-06 |url-status=live }}</ref> it is aften cried the [[cradle o ceevilization|cradle]] o wastren civilization an the original o [[democracy]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/40773/Athens |title=Athens |quote=Ancient Greek Athenai, historic city and capital of Greece. Many of classical civilization’s intellectual and artistic ideas originated there, and the city is generally considered to be the birthplace of Western civilization|accessdate=31 December 2008}}</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/greeks/greekdemocracy_01.shtml BBC History on Greek Democracy] – Accessed on 26 January 2007</ref> feckly ower the heids o the impact o its cultural an political merits durin the 5t an 4t centuries BC, and in the centuries tae come, on the lave o the than kent [[Europe|European continent]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091028030542/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741501460/Ancient_Greece.html Encarta Ancient Greece]from the Internet Archive– Retrieved on 28 February 2012. 31 October 2009.</ref> Nou a cosmopolitan metropolis, modren Athens is at the hert o the economic, financial, industrial, political an cultural life in Greece. In 2008, Athens wis rankit the warld's [[Leet o ceities bi GDP|32t maist gaithered ceity]] bi spendin pouer<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/economics/usb-purchasing-power.html |title=The most expensive and richest cities in the world |publisher=[[City Mayors]] |accessdate=12 May 2008 |year=2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506064245/http://www.citymayors.com/economics/usb-purchasing-power.html |archivedate=2008-05-06 |url-status=live }}</ref> an the 25t maist dearthfu<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/features/cost_survey.html |title=The lives of expatriates in the world’s most expensive cities |publisher=[[City Mayors]] |accessdate=26 December 2008 |year=2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224033730/http://www.citymayors.com/features/cost_survey.html |archivedate=2008-12-24 |url-status=live }}</ref> in a [[UBS AG|UBS]] study. The ceity is named for [[Athena]]. == History == Lang syne, Athens wis a feckfu ceity. It wis kent for the feck o learnin that happent there, an wis hame tae [[Plato|Plato's]] Academy an [[Aristotle|Aristotle's]] [[Lyceum]]. It haed its ain [[constitution]] forbye. The [[Ottoman Turks]] teuk ower Athens in [[1458]]. The Turks turned the [[Parthenon]] intae a [[Muslim]] [[mosque]]. The [[Parthenon]] wis later skaithed in [[1687]] whan gunpouder flistit intil the biggin. Athens wis lowsed frae the Turks durin the Greek weir o independence (1821-33). It syne becam the capital o Greece. ==Govrenment== [[File:Prefectures of Attica athens.png|thumb|The umwhile [[Athens Prefectur]] (blue), athin the region o [[Attica]] (grey)]] Athens became the [[Caipital ceity|capital]] o Greece in 1834, follaein [[Nafplio]], the whilk wis the interlocutory capital frae 1829 on. Atour, the municipality o Athens is the capital o the Attica region. ''Athens'' can aither mean the municipality o Athens or the haill Athens [[urban area]], the whilk maks up the "Ceity o Athens" that sprauchles athort the ''Attica Basin''. ===Attica Region=== The '''Athens Metropolitan Area''', sprauchlin ower {{convert|2928.717|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, is locate athin the {{convert|3808|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} [[Attica]] region. The region taks in the maist peopled pairt o Greece, raxin tae 3,827,624 indwallers in 2011,<ref name=census11/> awtho it is ane o the smawest pairts in the kintra. The Attica region itsel is splitten intae echt [[regional units o Greece|regional units]], ooten whilk the first fower maks up ''Greater Athens'', while the [[Piraeus (regional unit)|regional unit o Piraeus]] maks up ''Greater Piraeus''. Thegither they mak up the contigue biggit-up [[urban area]] o the Greek capital, spannin ower {{convert|412|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Kallikratis>{{PDFlink|1=[http://www.kedke.gr/uploads2010/FEKB129211082010_kallikratis.pdf Kallikratis reform law text]}}</ref> * [[North Athens]] (Urban area) * [[Wast Athens]] (Urban area) * [[Central Athens]] (Urban area) * [[Sooth Athens]] (Urban area) * [[Piraeus (regional unit)|Piraeus]] (Urban area) * [[East Attica]] (Metropolitan area) * [[Wast Attica]] (Metropolitan area) * [[Islands (regional unit)|Islands]] Up till 2010, the first fower regional units abuin made up the abolisht [[Athens Prefectur]] (the whilk is cawed ''Greater Athens'') forbye, whilk wis the maist populous o the [[Prefecturs o Greece]] at the time, accoontin for 2,640,701 fowk (in 2011),<ref name=census11/> athin a area o {{convert|361|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=area/> ===Athens Municipality=== [[File:Athens dimotiko diamerisma.PNG|thumb|The seiven destricks o Athens municipality]] The [[municipality]] o Athens is the [[Leet o ceities in Greece|maist populous in Greece]], wi a population o 664,046 fowk (in 2011)<ref name=census11/> an a area o {{convert|39|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}},<ref name=area>{{cite web |url=http://www.ypes.gr/topiki.htm |title=Characteristics |work=Hellenic Interior Ministry |publisher=www.ypes.gr |accessdate=6 January 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104231706/http://www.ypes.gr/topiki.htm |archivedate=2007-01-04 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.ypes.gr/topiki.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-06-16 |archive-date=2007-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104231706/http://www.ypes.gr/topiki.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> formin the hert o the Athens Urban Area athin the ''Attica Basin''. The praisent provost o Athens is [[Giorgos Kaminis]]. The municipality is dividit intae seiven municipal destricts whilk are maistly yaised for admeinistrative ettles. Population data for the 7 municipal destricks o Athens (2001 census):<ref>{{cite web |title=Hellenic Statistical Authority (EL.STAT) |url=https://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/PAGE-themes?p_param=A1604 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420174851/https://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/PAGE-themes?p_param=A1604 |archive-date=2015-04-20 |access-date=2024-03-24}}</ref> 1st: 97,570 2nt: 110,069 3rd: 48,305 4t: 87,672 5t: 95,234 6t: 147,181 7t: 159,483 For Athenians the maist popular wey o dividin the ceity proper is throu its neebourheids siclike as [[Pangrati|Pagkrati]], [[Ambelokipi, Athens|Ambelokipi]], [[Exarcheia]], [[Patissia]], [[Ilissia]], [[Petralona]], [[Koukaki]] an [[Kypseli, Athens|Kypseli]], ilk-ane wi its ain sindry history an particularities. The Athens municipality alsae forms the hert an mids o '''Greater Athens''', whilk consists o the Athens municipality an 34 mae municipalities, themsells dividit intae the foresaid fower regional units. {|class="wikitable" |+ '''Municipalities o Greater Athens''' |- |style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| {|style="width: 100%; font-size: 80%;" |- |[[Central Athens|Central Section]]: ||1. Ceity o Athens ||2. [[Dafni-Ymittos|Dafni]] ||3. [[Ilioupoli]] ||4. [[Vyronas]] ||5. [[Kaisariani]] ||6. [[Zografou]] ||7. [[Galatsi]] ||8. '''[[Filadelfeia–Chalkidona|Filadelfeia]]''' |} |- |style="text-align:center;"| {|style="width: 100%; font-size: 80%;" |- |[[Wast Athens|Wast Section]]: |- |29. [[Egaleo]] |- |30. [[Agia Varvara]] |- |31. [[Chaidari]] |- |32. [[Peristeri]] |- |33. [[Petroupoli]] |- |34. [[Ilio, Greece|Ilion]] |- |35. [[Agioi Anargyroi]] – [[Kamatero]] |} |style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Athens Municipalities g2.jpg|470px|Athens]] |style="text-align:center;"| {|style="width: 100%; font-size: 80%;" |- |[[North Athens|North Section]]: |- |9. [[Nea Ionia]] |- |10. [[Irakleio, Attica|Irakleio]] |- |11. [[Metamorfosi]] |- |12. [[Lykovrysi]] – [[Pefki]] |- |13. [[Kifissia]] |- |14. [[Penteli, Greece|Penteli]] - [[Melissia]] |- |15. [[Marousi|Amarousio]] |- |16. [[Vrilissia]] |- |17. [[Agia Paraskevi|Ag. Paraskevi]] |- |18. [[Cholargos]] – [[Papagou]] |- |19. [[Chalandri]] |- |20. [[Filothei]] – [[Psychiko]] |} |- |style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| {|style="width: 100%; font-size: 80%;" |- |[[Sooth Athens|Sooth Section]]:||21. [[Glyfada]] ||22. [[Elliniko-Argyroupoli]] ||23. [[Alimos]] ||24. [[Agios Dimitrios]] ||25. [[Nea Smyrni]] ||26. [[Palaio Faliro|Faliro]] ||27. [[Kallithea]] ||28. [[Moschato–Tavros|Moschato]] |} |} The municipalities o Greater Athens, alang wi the municipalities athin Greater [[Piraeus]] ([[Piraeus (regional unit)|regional unit o Piraeus]]), maks up the Athens Urban Area, while the muckler metropolitan area taks in a curnie ither suburbs an touns surroondin the thrang urban pairt o the Greek capital. == Sports == Athens haes a curnie muckle sports clubs. Amang thaim [[AEK Athens F.C.]], [[Panathinaikos F.C.]] an [[Panionios G.S.S]], basketbaa club [[Maroussi B.C.]] an handbaw club [[Sony Athinaikos Athens]]. === Olympic Gemmes === * [[1896]] - The [[Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] teuk place in Athens. * [[2004]] - The [[Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] teuk place in Athens. == Internaitional relations == === Twin touns – Sister ceities === Athens is [[twin touns an sister ceities|twinned]] wi: {{MultiCol}} *{{flagicon|United States}} [[Athens, Georgie]], [[Unitit States]]<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Athens,GA : Sister Cities |url=http://www.museumstuff.com/learn/topics/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714134505/http://www.museumstuff.com/learn/topics/Athens,_GA::sub::Sister_Cities |archive-date=2011-07-14 |access-date=2024-03-24}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]] (1999)<ref name="Barcelona">{{cite web|url=http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,229724149_257215678_1,00.html|title=Barcelona internacional – Ciutats agermanades|publisher=Ajuntament de Barcelona|language=es|accessdate=13 July 2009|archive-date=2012-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127043638/http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,229724149_257215678_1,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] (2005)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/ |title=Beijing Sister Cities |accessdate=3 January 2007 |work=City of Beijing |publisher=www.ebeijing.gov.cn |archive-date=2010-01-17 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq6B2fdq?url=http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fwww%2ebeirut%2egov%2elb%2fMCMSEN%2fTwinning%2bthe%2bCities%2f&NRNODEGUID=%7b18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7d&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest |title=Twinnings of the city |accessdate=25 January 2008 |work=City of Beirut |publisher=www.beirut.gov.lb |archive-date=2008-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221055403/http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fwww.beirut.gov.lb%2FMCMSEN%2FTwinning+the+Cities%2F&NRNODEGUID=%7B18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest%23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Bethlehem]], [[State o Palestine|Palestine]] (1986)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.twinningwithpalestine.net/groupsinternational.html |title=Twinning with Palestine |work=Twinning With Palestine |accessdate=26 January 2008 |archive-date=2012-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628210624/http://www.twinningwithpalestine.net/groupsinternational.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="BethlehemTwinning">{{cite web |url=http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php |title=::Bethlehem Municipality:: |publisher=www.bethlehem-city.org |accessdate=10 October 2009 |archive-date=2010-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724140854/http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Bucharest]], [[Romanie]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ase.ro/engleza/life_bucharest/history.asp |title=Academy of Economic Studies – Short History of Bucharest |accessdate=1 August 2008 |work=Bucharest University of Economics |archive-date=2007-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221121033/http://www.ase.ro/engleza/life_bucharest/history.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], [[United States]] (1997)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chicagosistercities.com/index.php |title=Chicago Sister Cities |accessdate=3 January 2007 |work=City of Chicago |publisher=www.chicagosistercities.com |archive-date=2013-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311160401/http://www.chicagosistercities.com/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Peru}} [[Cusco]], [[Peru]] (1991)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.municusco.gob.pe/ver.php?id=6 |title=Ciudades Hermanas |language=Spanish |work=Municipalidad del Cusco |publisher=www.municusco.gob.pe |accessdate=25 January 2008 |archive-date=2009-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803122352/http://www.municusco.gob.pe/ver.php?id=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=94185 |publisher=Radikal |language=Turkish |date=3 November 2003 |title=İstanbul'a 49 kardeş |last=Erdem |first=Selim Efe |accessdate=25 January 2008 |work=Radikal}}</ref> {{ColBreak}} * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], [[Unitit States]] (1984)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lacity.org/sistercities/ |title=Los Angeles Sister Cities |accessdate=3 January 2007 |work=City of Los Angeles |publisher=www.lacity.org |archive-date=2007-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104020957/http://www.lacity.org/sistercities/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mos.ru/wps/portal/!ut/p/c1/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3izECfXQHMPIwODQFMTAyMXFwNnFydvYwN3I6B8pFm8AQ7gaEBAdzjIPtwqDAwg8njM9_PIz03VL8iNMMgycVQEANg5rCU!/dl2/d1/L3dJVkkvd0xNQUJrQUVrQSEhL1lCcHhKRjFOQUEhIS82XzZUQkVRN0gyMDBRNTQwMkREMENEQkszMDA1LzdfNlRCRVE3SDIwMFE1NDAyREQwQ0RCSzMwODc!?nID=6_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK30G2&cID=6_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK30G2&documentId=102289#7_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK3087 |title=Moscow International Relations |date=June 2007 |accessdate=31 July 2008 |work=Moscow City Government |archive-date=2017-10-10 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171010203243/http://www.mos.ru/wps/portal/!ut/p/c1/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3izECfXQHMPIwODQFMTAyMXFwNnFydvYwN3I6B8pFm8AQ7gaEBAdzjIPtwqDAwg8njM9_PIz03VL8iNMMgycVQEANg5rCU!/dl2/d1/L3dJVkkvd0xNQUJrQUVrQSEhL1lCcHhKRjFOQUEhIS82XzZUQkVRN0gyMDBRNTQwMkREMENEQkszMDA1LzdfNlRCRVE3SDIwMFE1NDAyREQwQ0RCSzMwODc!?nID=6_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK30G2&cID=6_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK30G2&documentId=102289#7_6TBEQ7H200Q5402DD0CDBK3087 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Naples]], [[Italy]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931 |title=Gemellaggi |language=Italian |work=Comune di Napoli |accessdate=1 September 2008 |archive-date=2013-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722204102/http://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]] (1988)<ref>{{cite web |title=Nicosia:Twin Cities |url=http://www.nicosia.org.cy/english/lefkosia_twins_athens.shtm |accessdate=25 January 2008 |work=Nicosia Municipality |publisher=www.nicosia.org.cy |archive-date=2011-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524003246/http://www.nicosia.org.cy/english/lefkosia_twins_athens.shtm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Seoul]], [[Republic o Korea|Sooth Korea]] (2006)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html |title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities |accessdate=26 January 2008 |work=Seoul Metropolitan Government |publisher=www.seoul.go.kr |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210175055/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html |archivedate=2007-12-10 |url-status=live }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Albania}} [[Tirana]], [[Albanie]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |title=Twinning Cities: International Relations |accessdate=25 January 2008 |work=Municipality of Tirana |publisher=www.tirana.gov.al |archive-date=2011-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010042121/http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Unitit States]] (2000)<ref>{{cite web |title=Protocol and International Affairs: Sister-City Agreements |url=http://os.dc.gov/os/cwp/view,a,1206,q,522336.asp |accessdate=25 January 2008 |work=District of Columbia |publisher=os.dc.gov |archive-date=2008-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513185356/http://os.dc.gov/os/cwp/view%2Ca%2C1206%2Cq%2C522336.asp#sister |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{ColBreak}} === Pairtnerships === * {{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Belgrade]], [[Serbie]] (1966)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=1225698 |title=International Cooperation |accessdate=26 January 2008 |work=Grad Beograd |publisher=www.beograd.rs |archive-date=2012-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828072526/http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=1225698 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Armenia}} [[Yerevan]], [[Armenie]] (1993)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yerevan.am/index.php?page=athina&lang=eng |title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities: Athens |accessdate=26 January 2008 |work=Yerevan Municipality |publisher=www.yerevan.am |archive-date=2009-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113231957/http://www.yerevan.am/index.php?page=athina&lang=eng |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], [[Fraunce]] (2000) * {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Cali|Santiago de Cali]], [[Colombie]] {{EndMultiCol}} == References == {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{sisterlinks|voy=Athens}} ;Offeecial * [http://www.cityofathens.gr/en/ Cityofathens.gr] – Ceity o Athens offeecial wabsteid * [http://www.visitgreece.gr/en/main_cities/athens Athens] The offeecial wabsteid o the Greek Naitional Tourism Organisation {{Geographic location |Centre=Athens |North=[[Nea Filadelfeia]], [[Nea Ionia]] an [[Galatsi]] |Northeast=[[Psychiko]], [[Neo Psychiko]] an [[Papagou]] |East=[[Zografou]] an [[Kaisariani]] |Southeast=[[Vyronas]], [[Ymittos]] an [[Dafni, Attica|Dafni]] |South= [[Nea Smyrni]] |Southwest=[[Kallithea]] |West=[[Egaleo|Aigaleo]] an [[Tavros]] |Northwest=[[Peristeri]] }} {{Warld Beuk Caipital}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Athens| ]]<!--leave the empty space as standard--> [[Category:Populatit places in Central Athens]] [[Category:Auncient Greek ceities]] [[Category:Caipitals in Europe]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Greece]] [[Category:Ceity-states]] [[Category:Greek prefectural caipitals]] [[Category:Greek regional caipitals]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 3rd millennium BC]] [[Category:Tourism in Greece]] [[Category:Auncient Greek steids in Greece]] [[Category:Populatit places in Auncient Greece]] [[Category:Roman steids in Greece]] {{Stub/Europe}} {{Stub/Ceity}} p3nbudd80rxq8n8tfrm8x9oe0y590vv 0 5628 920898 906494 2026-08-17T16:39:49Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{itheruises}} {{Infobox Roushie federal subject |en_name=Moscow |ru_name=Москва |image_skyline=MSK Collage 2015.png |image_caption='''Clockwise frae tap richt:''' [[Spasskaya Touer]] o the [[Moscow Kremlin]]; [[Moscow Internaitional Business Centre|MIBC]]; [[Reid Squerr]], [[Saunt Basil's Cathedral]]; [[Bolshoi Theatre]]; [[Moscow State Varsity]]; an [[Cathedral o Christ the Saviour]]. |image_map=Moscow in Russia (special marker).svg |coordinates = {{coord|55|45|N|37|37|E|type:adm1st_region:RU|display=inline,title}} |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Moscow.svg |coa_caption=[[Coat o airms o Moscow]] |image_flag=Flag of Moscow, Russia.svg |flag_caption=[[Banner o Moscow]] |anthem=''[[Moya Moskva|Ma Moscow]]'' |holiday=The first Seturday an Sunday o September |holiday_ref=<ref>{{cite web|title=Holidays and significant dates of Moscow|url=http://old.mos.ru/wps/portal/EnglishVersion?documentId=119125|work=Moscow City Government|accessdate=29 September 2010|archive-date=2011-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823153912/http://old.mos.ru/wps/portal/EnglishVersion?documentId=119125|url-status=dead}}</ref> <!--POLITICAL STATUS--> |political_status=Federal ceety |political_status_link=Federal ceeties o Roushie |federal_district=[[Central Federal Destrict|Central]] |economic_region=[[Central economic region|Central]] <!--STATS--> |pop_2010census=11514330 |pop_2010census_rank=1st |pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census" /> |urban_pop_2010census=100% |rural_pop_2010census=0% |pop_2002census=10382754<!--population of the federal subject--the federal city of Moscow--> |pop_2002census_rank=1st |pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2002Census" /> |urban_pop_2002census=100% |rural_pop_2002census=0% |pop_density=9682 |pop_density_as_of=1 Januar 2010 |pop_density_ref=<ref name="2010Census" /> <!--|pop_latest=<reserved for 2011 Rosstat data when they are available> |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref=--> |area_km2=1091 |area_km2_ref=<ref name="RusArea2009">[http://www.rosreestr.ru/upload/www/files/gos_doclad_2008.pdf Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. Federal Registration, Cadastre&Cartograhy Service. Russia Landuse National Report 2008, p.187-188] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010021939/https://rosreestr.ru/upload/www/files/gos_doclad_2008.pdf |date=2014-10-10 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |area_km2_rank=83rd |established_date=Afore 1147 |established_date_ref=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://faculty.oxy.edu/richmond/csp8/history_of_moscow.htm |title=The History of Moscow |publisher=Occidental College |last=Comins-Richmond |first=Walter |accessdate=2006-07-03 |archive-date=2006-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517163858/http://faculty.oxy.edu/richmond/csp8/history_of_moscow.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |license_plates=77, 99, 97, 177, 199, 197 |ISO=RU-MOW <!--GOVERNMENT--> |gov_as_of=2011 |leader_title=[[Leet o heids o Moscow govrenment|Mayor]] |leader_title_ref=<ref name="mayor">{{cite web|url=http://old.mos.ru/wps/portal/EnglishVersion?rubricId=14107|title=The Moscow City Mayor|publisher=Government of Moscow|accessdate=18 March 2010|archive-date=2011-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823154527/http://old.mos.ru/wps/portal/EnglishVersion?rubricId=14107|url-status=dead}}</ref> |leader_name=[[Sergey Sobyanin]] |leader_name_ref=<ref name="mayor"/> |legislature=[[Moscow Ceety Duma|Ceety Duma]] |legislature_ref=<ref>{{cite web|title=The Moscow Statute|url=http://old.mos.ru/wps/portal/EnglishVersion?rubricId=14215&documentId=118572|work=Moscow City Duma|publisher=Moscow City Government|accessdate=29 September 2010|date=28 June 1995|quote=The supreme and exclusive legislative (representative) body of the state power in Moscow is the Moscow City Duma.|archive-date=2011-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823154646/http://old.mos.ru/wps/portal/EnglishVersion?rubricId=14215&documentId=118572|url-status=dead}}</ref> |basic_law_type=Chairter |basic_law_title=[[Chairter o Moscow]] |website=http://www.mos.ru |website_ref |date=Mairch 2010 }} '''Moscow''' is the [[Caipital city|caipital]], the maist populous [[types o inhabitit localities in Roushie|city]], an the maist populous [[federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject]] o [[Roushie]]. The city is a major poleetical, economic, cultural, releegious, financial, educational, an transportation centre o [[Roushie]] an the warld, a [[global city]]. Moscow is the maist populous city on the continent o Europe an [[leet o ceeties proper bi population|the seivent lairgest ceety proper in the warld]], a [[megaceety]]. The population o Moscow (as o 1 Januar 2010) is 10,563,038. Moscow is situatit on the [[Moskva River]] in the [[Central Federal Destrict]] o [[European Roushie]]. In the course o its history the city haes served as the caipital o a progression o states, frae the medieval [[Grand Duchy o Moscow]] an the subsequent [[Tsardom o Roushie]] tae the [[Soviet Union]]. Moscow is the site o the [[Moscow Kremlin]], an auncient fortress that is the day the residence o the Roushie Preses an o the executive branch o the Govrenment o Roushie. The Kremlin is ane o several [[Warld Heritage Site]]s in the city. Baith chambers o the Roushie parliament (the [[State Duma]] an the [[Federation Cooncil o Roushie|Federation Cooncil]]) sit in Moscow anaa. The ceety is served bi an extensive transit netwirk, that includes fower internaitional airports, nine railwey terminals, an the [[Moscow Metro]], seicont anerlie tae Tokyo in terms o ridership an recognised as ane o the ceety's laundmerks due tae the rich an varied airchitecture o its 182 stations. Ower time, Moscow haes acquired a nummer o epithets, maist referrin tae its size an preeminent status athin the naition: The [[Third Rome]] ({{lang|ru|Третий Рим}}), Whitestane ({{lang|ru|Белокаменная}}), The First Throne ({{lang|ru|Первопрестольная}}), The Fowerty Fowerties ({{lang|ru|Сорок Сороков}}). The demonym for a Moscow resident is ''Moskvitch''. == Demografics == === Population === {{Historical populations |type=China |1897|1038625 |1926|2019500 |1939|4137000 |1959|5032000 |1970|6941961 |1979|7830509 |1989|8967332<!--with the entities in jurisdiction; a federal subject equivalent--> |2002|10382754<!--of the federal subject--> |2010|11514330<!--of the federal subject--> |footnote=Population size may be affected by changes on administrative divisions. |}} [[File:Population Development Moscow.png|thumb|Population o Moscow (1350–2009)]] [[File:RedSquare (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|[[Red Square]] haes lang been ane o the ceety's maist important meetin places]] Accordin tae the results o the [[Roushie Census (2010)|2010 Census]], the population o Moscow wis 11,503,501;<ref name="2010Census">{{cite web|title=Плотность населения Российской Федерации по субъектам Российской Федерации|url=http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b10_109/IssWWW.exe/Stg//%3Cextid%3E/%3Cstoragepath%3E::%7Ctabl-02-10.xls|work=Rosstat|accessdate=30 September 2010|year=2010|archive-date=2011-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728034845/http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b10_109/IssWWW.exe/Stg//%3Cextid%3E/%3Cstoragepath%3E::%7Ctabl-02-10.xls|url-status=dead}}</ref> up frae 10,382,754 recordit in the [[Roushie Census (2002)|2002 Census]].<ref name="2002Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}</ref> At the time o the offeecial 2010 Census, the ethnic makup o the ceety wis:<ref name="2010Census" /> **Roushie: 9,930,410 (91.6%) **Ukrainian: 154,104 (1.4%) **Tatar: 149,043 (1.4%) **Armenie: 106,466 (1%) **Azeri: 57,123 (0.5%) **Jews: 53,145 (0.5%) **Belaroushie: 39,225 (0.4%) **Georgie: 38,934 (0.4%) **Uzbek: 35,595 (0.3%) **Tajik: 27,280 (0.2%) **Moldovan: 21,699 (0.2%) **Mordvin: 17,095 (0.2%) **Chechen: 14,524 (0.1%) **Chuvash: 14,313 (0.1%) **Ossetians: 11,311 (0.1%) **Koreans: 9,783 (0.1%) **Kazakh: 9,393 (0.1%) **Bashkir: 6,609 (0.1%) **Cheenese: 3,222 (0.03%) **Vietnamese: 2,970 (0.03%) **Ithers: 132,848 (1.2%) *668,409 fowk wur registered frae admeenistrative databases, an coud no declare an ethnicity. It is estimatit that the proportion o ethnicities in this group is the same as that o the declared group.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-01-27 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225111852/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The offeecial population o Moscow is taken frae those hauldin "permanent residency." Accordin tae Roushie's Federal Migration Service, Moscow an aw contains 1,800,000 offeecial "guests" who hae temporary residency on the basis o visas or ither documentation. The nummer o unoffeecial guests, those athoot proper documentation, is estimatit tae be an additional 1,000,000 fowk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rg.ru/2009/02/09/migrant.html |title="Российская газета" о мигрантах в Москве |publisher=Rg.ru |date= |accessdate=2010-12-22}}</ref> == Admeenistrative diveesions an govrenment == [[File:Presnya.JPG|thumb|right|View frae the [[Seiven Sisters (Moscow)|Seiven Sisters]] in Kudrinskaya Square. The mayor's heichrise office (the umwhile [[Comecon]] heidquarters) is tae the left, the Roushie govrenment biggin tae the richt]] === Govrenment === Moscow is the seat o pouer for the Roushie Federation. At the centre o the ceety, in [[Central Admeenistrative Okrug]], is the [[Moscow Kremlin]], which hooses the hame o the [[Preses o Roushie]] as well as mony o the facilities for the naitional govrenment. This includes numerous [[Airmit Forces o the Roushie Federation|military heidquarters]] an the heidquarters o the [[Moscow Military Destrict]]. Moscow, lik wi ony naitional [[Caipital ceety|caipital]], is an aw the host o aw the foreign [[Leet o diplomatic missions in Roushie|embassies]] an diplomats representin a multitude o naitions in Roushie. Moscow is designatit as ane o anerlie twa [[Federal ceeties o Roushie]] (the ither ane bein [[Saunt Petersburg]]). Amang the 83 [[federal subjects o Roushie]], Moscow represents the maist populatit ane an the smawest ane in terms o area. Lastly, Moscow is locatit athin the [[central economic region]], ane o [[Economic regions o Roushie|twal regions]] athin Russia wi seemilar economic goals. === Admeenistrative diveesions === [[File:Msk all districts abc eng.svg|thumb|[[Administrative divisions of Moscow|Administrative okrugs o Moscow]]: 1.&nbsp;Ceety o Zelenograd 2.&nbsp;Northren 3.&nbsp;North-Eastren 4.&nbsp;North-Westren 5.&nbsp;Central 6.&nbsp;Eastren 7.&nbsp;Soothren 8.&nbsp;Sooth-Eastern 9.&nbsp;Sooth-Wastren 10.&nbsp;Western]] {{Main|Admeenistrative diveesions o Moscow}} The entire ceety o Moscow is heidit bi ane mayor. ([[Sergey Sobyanin]]). The ceety o Moscow is dividit intae 12 admeenistrative okrugs an 146 destricts. The Roushie caipital's specific toun-plannin development began tae shaw as early as the 12t century, when the ceety wis foondit. The central pairt o Moscow grew bi consolidatin wi suburbs in line wi the medieval principles o urban development, when strang fortress waws wad gradually gird alang the circle streets o adjacent new settlements. The first circular defence waws set the trajectory o Moscow's rings, layin the grundwirk for futur toun-plannin o the Roushie caipital. The follaein fortifications servit as the ceety's circular defence bundaries at some pynt in history: the Kremlin waws, Zemlyanoy Gorod (earthwirk toun), the Kamer-Kollezhsky Rampart, the Garden Ring, an the smaw railwey ring. The Moscow Automobile Ring Road (MKAD) haes been Moscow's bundary syne 1960. An aw in the form o a circle are the main Moscow subway line, the Ring Line, an the sae-cried Third Automobile Ring, which wis completit in 2005. Hence, the characteristic radial-circle plannin continues tae define Moscow's further development. Housomeivver, contemporary Moscow haes an aw engulft a nummer o territories ootside the [[MKAD]], sic as Solntsevo, Butovo, an the toun o [[Zelenograd]]. Aw admeenistrative okrugs an destricts hae thair awn [[coat o airms|coats o airms]] an flags as well as the heid offeecials. In addition tae the destricts, thare are Territorial Units wi Special Status. This uisually include areas wi sma or nae permanent populations, sic as the case wi the [[All-Russia Exhibition Centre|All-Russia Exhibition Center]], the [[Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences|Botanical Garden]], lairge pairks, an industrial zones. In recent years, some territories hae been mergit wi different destricts. Thare are nae ethnic-specific regions in Moscow, as in the [[Cheenatoun]]s that exist in some [[North Americae|North American]] an [[East Asie]] ceeties. Awtho destricts are no designated bi income, as wi maist ceeties, those areas that are closer tae the city centre, [[Moscow Metro|metro]] stations or green zones are considered mair prestigious.<ref>{{cite web|title=Цены на Квартиры в Москве по Административным Районам и Станциям Метро|url=http://www.metrinfo.ru/area/|work=Metrinfo.ru|accessdate=27 September 2010|language=Russian|archive-date=2010-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227235220/http://www.metrinfo.ru/area/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Moscow an aw hosts some o the govrenment bodies o [[Moscow Oblast]], awtho the city itsel is admeenistratively separate frae the oblast.<ref name="MoscowO">Accordin tae Airticle&nbsp;24 o the [[Chairter o Moscow Oblast]], the govrenment bodies o the oblast are locatit in the city o Moscow an throughout the territory of Moscow Oblast. Housomeivver, Moscow is no offeecially cried tae be the admeenistrative centre o the oblast.</ref> == Internaitional relations == {{dablink|See an aa: [[Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Roushie]]}} === Twin touns — Sister ceeties === Moscow is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi the follaein ceeties: {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" | *{{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Almaty]], Kazakhstan *{{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Amman]], Jordan *{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Karachi]], Pakistan *{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Ankara]], Turkey *{{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Astana]], Kazakhstan *{{flagicon|Greece}} [[Athens]], Greece *{{Flagicon|India}} [[Mumbai]], Indie *{{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Baghdad]], Iraq *{{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Baku]], Azerbaijan *{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Bangkok]], Thailand *{{flagicon|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} [[Banja Luka]], Bosnie an Herzegovinae *{{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], Cheenae *{{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], Lebanon *{{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Belgrade]], Serbie *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]], Germany *{{flagicon|Belarus}} [[Brest, Belaroushie|Brest]], Belaroushie || *{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Brussels]], Belgium *{{flagicon|Romania}} [[Bucharest]], Romanie *{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]], Egyp *{{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Caracas]], Venezuela *{{flagicon|United States}} [[Chicago]], USA *{{flagicon|Peru}} [[Cusco]], Peru *{{flagicon|India}} [[Delhi]], Indie *{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Donetsk]], Ukraine *{{flagicon|the United Arab Emirates}} [[Dubai]], Unitit Arab Emirates *{{flagicon|Tajikistan}} [[Dushanbe]], Tajikistan *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Düsseldorf]], Germany<ref name="Düsseldorf">{{cite web |url=http://www.amazingdusseldorf.com/community-local/people/twin-towns.html |title=Twin Towns |publisher=www.amazingdusseldorf.com |accessdate=2009-10-29 |archive-date=2014-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017104519/http://www.amazingdusseldorf.com/community-local/people/twin-towns.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *{{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], Azerbaijan *{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Hanoi]], Vietnam *{{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Havana]], Cuba *{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Ho Chi Minh Ceety]], Vietnam *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Ingolstadt]], Germany *{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Jakarta]], Indonesie || *{{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Jelgava]], Latvie *{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kharkiv]], Ukraine *{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Kolomna]], Roushie *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Kraków]], Poland *{{flagicon|France}} [[Limoges]], Fraunce *{{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Ljubljana]], Slovenie *{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Lunnon]], Unitit Kinrick *{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Madrid]], Spain *{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Manila]], Philippines<ref name="Manila.Gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.manila.gov.ph/localgovt.htm#sistercities|title=Sister Cities of Manila|publisher=2008–2009 [http://www.manila.gov.ph/ City Government of Manila]|accessdate=2009-07-02|archive-date=2009-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806191943/http://www.manila.gov.ph/localgovt.htm#sistercities|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Naryan-Mar]], Roushie *{{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], Cyprus *{{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], Fraunce *{{flagicon|Montenegro}} [[Podgorica]], Montenegro *{{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Prague]], Czech Republic<ref name="Prague Partner Cities">{{cite web|url=http://magistrat.praha-mesto.cz/72647_Partnerska-mesta|title=Prague Partner Cities|publisher=2009 [http://magistrat.praha-mesto.cz/ Magistrát hl. m. Prahy] |language=Czech|accessdate=2009-07-02}}</ref> *{{flagicon|North Korea}} [[Pyongyang]], North Korea *{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Alanya]], Turkey || *{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Rasht]], Iran *{{flagicon|Iceland}} [[Reykjavík]], Iceland<ref>[http://www.diplomatrus.com/article.php?id=1071&PHPSESSID=1d432b8ba8416b3494009601b57893a2&l=eng Moscow and Rejkjavik sister cities. ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107011545/http://www.diplomatrus.com/article.php?id=1071&PHPSESSID=1d432b8ba8416b3494009601b57893a2&l=eng |date=2009-01-07 }}. Retrieved on 2008-03-11</ref> *{{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Riga]], Latvie *{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Seoul]], Republic o Korea *{{flagicon|Estonia}} [[Tallinn]], Estonie *{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Tel Aviv]], Israel *{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Tehran]], Iran *{{flagicon|Albania}} [[Tirana]], Albanie<ref name="International relations">{{cite web |url=http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |title=Twinning Cities: International Relations |accessdate=2009-06-23 |work=Municipality of Tirana |publisher=www.tirana.gov.al |format=PDF |archive-date=2008-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216035358/http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Twinning Cities: International Relations. Municipality of Tirana. www.tirana.gov.al. Retrieved on 2008-01-25.</ref> *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Tokyo]], Japan *{{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Tunis]], Tunisie<ref name="Tunis">{{cite web|url=http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/mairie_cooperation1.htm|title=Cooperation Internationale|publisher=© 2003–2009 City of Tunis Portal|language=French|accessdate=2009-07-31|archive-date=2008-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508191341/http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/mairie_cooperation1.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|Mongolia}} [[Ulan Bator]], Mongolie *{{flagicon|France}} [[Valenciennes]], Fraunce *{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna]], Austrick *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Warsaw]], Poland<ref name="Warsaw">{{cite web |author= |url=http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&ak_id=3284&kat=11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011111033/http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&ak_id=3284&kat=11 |archivedate=2007-10-11 |title=Miasta partnerskie Warszawy |work=um.warszawa.pl |publisher=Biuro Promocji Miasta |pages= |page= |date=2005-05-04 |accessdate=2008-08-29 |url-status=live }}</ref> *{{flagicon|Armenia}} [[Yerevan]], Armenie |} == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Cyrillic text}} {{World's most populated urban areas}} {{Subdiveesions o Roushie}} [[Category:Moscow| ]] [[Category:1147 establishments]] [[Category:Federal ceeties o Roushie]] [[Category:Caipitals in Europe]] [[Category:Gowden Ring o Roushie]] [[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] o8jtz686upr21g4i7ds33rjpaipqfvh 0 6048 920894 884210 2026-08-17T16:30:34Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|47|20|N|13|20|E|display=title}} {{Needs Mair Soorces}}{{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republic o Austrick | native_name = {{native name|de|Republik Österreich}} | common_name = Austrick | image_flag = Flag of Austria.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Austria.svg | image_map = EU-Austria.svg | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=dark green |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=green |legend=EU-Austria.svg}} | national_motto = | national_anthem = {{unbulleted list | {{native name|de|[[Land der Berge, Land am Strome]]}} | {{small|''Laund o Moontains, Laund bi the River''}} | {{center|[[File:Land der Berge Land am Strome instrumental.ogg]]}} }} | official_languages = [[Austrick German]]{{ref label|aaa|a}} | languages_type = {{nobold|Regional<br>leids}}<ref name="RIS">{{cite web |url=http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Dokumentnummer=NOR40066723 |publisher=Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes |title=Regional Languages of Austria |year=2013 }}</ref> | languages = | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 81.1% [[Austricks]]<ref name="medienservicestelle.at">{{cite web |url=http://medienservicestelle.at/migration_bewegt/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/IBIB_2012_Integrationsbericht.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Statistik Austria |title=Kommission für Migrations und Integrationsforschung der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften |year=2012 |page=27 |access-date=2017-04-13 |archive-date=2017-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114032851/http://medienservicestelle.at/migration_bewegt/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/IBIB_2012_Integrationsbericht.pdf |url-status=dead }} (total population to calculate percentages with is on page 23)</ref> | 6.3% ex-[[Yugoslavs]] | 2.7% [[Germans]] | 2.2% [[Turks in Austrick|Turks]] | 11.5% Ithers }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2012 | demonym = Austrick | capital = [[Vienna]] | coordinates = {{Coord|48|12|N|16|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = caipital | government_type = [[Federal republic|Federal]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentary republic]] | leader_title1 = Preses o Austria | leader_name1 = [[Alexander Van der Bellen]] | leader_title2 = Chancellor | leader_name2 = Karl Nehammer | legislature = [[Austrick Pairlament|Pairlament]] | upper_house = [[Federal Cooncil (Austrick)|Federal Cooncil]] | lower_house = [[Naitional Cooncil (Austrick)|National Cooncil]] | sovereignty_type = [[Austrick State Treaty|Unthirldom]] | established_event1 = [[Margraviate o Austrick]] | established_date1 = 976 | established_event2 = [[Duchy o Austrick]] | established_date2 = 1156 | established_event3 = [[Airchduchy o Austrick]] | established_date3 = 1453 | established_event4 = [[Austrick Empire]] | established_date4 = 1804 | established_event5 = [[Austrick-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]] | established_date5 = 1867 | established_event6 = [[First Republic o Austrick|First Republic]] | established_date6 = 1918 | established_event7 = [[Federal State o Austrick|Federal State]] | established_date7 = 1934 | established_event8 = [[Anschluss]] | established_date8 = 1938 | established_event9 = [[Seicont Austrick Republic|SeicontR epublic]] | established_date9 = syne 1945 | established_event10 = [[Austrick State Treaty|State Treaty]] in effect | established_date10 = 27 Julie 1955 | established_event11 = [[1995 enlargement o the European Union|Jyned]] the [[European Union]] | established_date11 = 1 Januar 1995 | area_km2 = 83,879 | area_rank = 113t | percent_water = 0,84 | area_sq_mi = 32,386 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_estimate_rank = 98t | population_density_km2 = 106 | population_density_rank = 106t | population_density_sq_mi = 274.5 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_estimate = 8,935,112<ref name="statistik-population">{{cite web|title=Population by Year-/Quarter-beginning|url=http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstand_und_veraenderung/bevoelkerung_zu_jahres-_quartalsanfang/023582.html|date=7 November 2018|access-date=12 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612161754/http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstand_und_veraenderung/bevoelkerung_zu_jahres-_quartalsanfang/023582.html|archive-date=12 June 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = October 2020 | GDP_PPP = $461.432 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=70&pr1.y=9&c=122&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Austria |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|date=1 April 2018|access-date=6 December 2021}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $51,936<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 17 | GDP_nominal = $446,315 billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_rank = 27 | GDP_nominal_year = 2019 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $50,277<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 15 | Gini_year = 2020 | Gini_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | Gini = 27.0 <!-- number only --> | Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey|publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=6 December 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank =14t | HDI_year = 2019 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year --> | HDI_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | HDI = 0.922 <!-- number only --> | HDI_ref =<ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=6 December 2021}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 18t | currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]]){{ref label|bbb|b}} | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | drives_on = right | utc_offset = +01 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +02 | calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Austrick|+43]] | cctld = [[.at]]{{ref label|ccc|c}} | footnote_a = {{note|aaa}} [[Croatie leid|Croatie]], [[Czech leid|Czech]], [[Hungarian leid|Hungarian]], [[Romani leid|Romani]], [[Slovak leid|Slovak]], an [[Slovene leid|Slovene]] are offeecially recognised bi the [[European Chairter for Regional or Minority Leids|European Chairter for Regional or Minority Leids (ECRML)]]. | footnote_b = {{note|bbb}} [[Austrian schilling]] afore 1999; Virtual Euro syne 1 Januar 1999; Euro syne 1 January 2002. | footnote_c = {{note|ccc}} The [[.eu]] domain is an aa uised, as it is shared wi ither [[European Union]] member states. }} [[File:The States of Austria Numbered.svg|thumb|Territorial organization]] '''Austrick''' ([[German leid|German]]: ''Österreich'', [[Czech leid|Czech]]: ''Rakousko'', [[Slovenian leid|Slovenian]]: ''Avstrija''; [[Croatian leid|Croatian]]: ''Austrija''; [[Serbian leid|Serbian]]: ''Аустрија''; [[Hungarian leid|Hungarian]]: ''Ausztria'') is a laundlockit kintra in central [[Europe]]. It haes a laund mairch wi [[Germany]] an [[Czechie]] tae the north, [[Slovakie]] an [[Hungary]] tae the east, [[Slovenie]] an [[Italy]] tae the sooth, an [[Swisserland]] an [[Liechtenstein]] tae the wast. Austrick haes been a [[state|member-state]] o the [[European Union|EU]] sin 1995.{{Citation needit}} The fowk in Austrick speak [[German leid|German]], a few speak [[Hungarian leid|Hungarian]], [[Slovenie leid|Slovenie]] an [[Croatie leid|Croatie]].{{Citation needed}} The caipital o Austrick is [[Vienna]] (Wien). Austrick is mair nor a thoosand year auld. Its history can be follaed tae the [[nint century]]. At that time the first fowk muived tae the laund nou kent as Austrick. The name "Ostarrichi" is first scrieved in an offeecial document frae 996AD. Syne this wird haes developed intae the Modren German wird ''Österreich''.{{Citation needed}} == History == Austrick wis an empire frae aboot 800AD tae 1918, an wis ringit ower bi The Hoose o [[Habsburg]] for maist o that period. Than it becam a [[republic]]. The ''First Republic'' wis frae 1918 tae 1938, the ''Seicont Republic'' haes been frae 1945. Frae 1938 tae 1945 Austrick wis pairt o Germany. It wis annexed bi the Nazis an becam pairt o the"''[[Third Reich]]''" juist afore [[WWII]]. Efter the weir it syne becam [[unthirldom|unthirlt]].{{Citation needed}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat|Austria}} [[Category:Austrick| ]] [[Category:Central European kintras]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1955]] [[Category:Landlocked kintras]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] s87d7jshdcu7kjbibk9durai3qkrql1 920993 920894 2026-08-17T22:46:57Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|47|20|N|13|20|E|display=title}} {{Needs Mair Soorces}}{{Infobox kintra | conventional_long_name = Republic o Austrick | native_name = {{native name|de|Republik Österreich}} | common_name = Austrick | image_flag = Flag of Austria.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Austria.svg | image_map = EU-Austria.svg | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=dark green |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=green |legend=EU-Austria.svg}} | national_motto = | national_anthem = {{unbulleted list | {{native name|de|[[Land der Berge, Land am Strome]]}} | {{small|''Laund o Moontains, Laund bi the River''}} | {{center|[[File:Land der Berge Land am Strome instrumental.ogg]]}} }} | official_languages = [[Austrick German]]{{ref label|aaa|a}} | languages_type = {{nobold|Regional<br>leids}}<ref name="RIS">{{cite web |url=http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Dokumentnummer=NOR40066723 |publisher=Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes |title=Regional Languages of Austria |year=2013 }}</ref> | languages = | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 81.1% [[Austricks]]<ref name="medienservicestelle.at">{{cite web |url=http://medienservicestelle.at/migration_bewegt/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/IBIB_2012_Integrationsbericht.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Statistik Austria |title=Kommission für Migrations und Integrationsforschung der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften |year=2012 |page=27 |access-date=2017-04-13 |archive-date=2017-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114032851/http://medienservicestelle.at/migration_bewegt/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/IBIB_2012_Integrationsbericht.pdf |url-status=dead }} (total population to calculate percentages with is on page 23)</ref> | 6.3% ex-[[Yugoslavs]] | 2.7% [[Germans]] | 2.2% [[Turks in Austrick|Turks]] | 11.5% Ithers }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2012 | demonym = Austrick | capital = [[Vienna]] | coordinates = {{Coord|48|12|N|16|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = caipital | government_type = [[Federal republic|Federal]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentary republic]] | leader_title1 = Preses o Austria | leader_name1 = [[Alexander Van der Bellen]] | leader_title2 = Chancellor | leader_name2 = Karl Nehammer | legislature = [[Austrick Pairlament|Pairlament]] | upper_house = [[Federal Cooncil (Austrick)|Federal Cooncil]] | lower_house = [[Naitional Cooncil (Austrick)|National Cooncil]] | sovereignty_type = [[Austrick State Treaty|Unthirldom]] | established_event1 = [[Margraviate o Austrick]] | established_date1 = 976 | established_event2 = [[Duchy o Austrick]] | established_date2 = 1156 | established_event3 = [[Airchduchy o Austrick]] | established_date3 = 1453 | established_event4 = [[Austrick Empire]] | established_date4 = 1804 | established_event5 = [[Austrick-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]] | established_date5 = 1867 | established_event6 = [[First Republic o Austrick|First Republic]] | established_date6 = 1918 | established_event7 = [[Federal State o Austrick|Federal State]] | established_date7 = 1934 | established_event8 = [[Anschluss]] | established_date8 = 1938 | established_event9 = [[Seicont Austrick Republic|SeicontR epublic]] | established_date9 = syne 1945 | established_event10 = [[Austrick State Treaty|State Treaty]] in effect | established_date10 = 27 Julie 1955 | established_event11 = [[1995 enlargement o the European Union|Jyned]] the [[European Union]] | established_date11 = 1 Januar 1995 | area_km2 = 83,879 | area_rank = 113t | percent_water = 0,84 | area_sq_mi = 32,386 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_estimate_rank = 98t | population_density_km2 = 106 | population_density_rank = 106t | population_density_sq_mi = 274.5 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_estimate = 8,935,112<ref name="statistik-population">{{cite web|title=Population by Year-/Quarter-beginning|url=http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstand_und_veraenderung/bevoelkerung_zu_jahres-_quartalsanfang/023582.html|date=7 November 2018|access-date=12 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612161754/http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstand_und_veraenderung/bevoelkerung_zu_jahres-_quartalsanfang/023582.html|archive-date=12 June 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = October 2020 | GDP_PPP = $461.432 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=70&pr1.y=9&c=122&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Austria |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|date=1 April 2018|access-date=6 December 2021}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $51,936<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 17 | GDP_nominal = $446,315 billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_rank = 27 | GDP_nominal_year = 2019 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $50,277<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 15 | Gini_year = 2020 | Gini_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | Gini = 27.0 <!-- number only --> | Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey|publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=6 December 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank =14t | HDI_year = 2019 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year --> | HDI_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | HDI = 0.922 <!-- number only --> | HDI_ref =<ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=6 December 2021}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 18t | currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]]){{ref label|bbb|b}} | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | drives_on = right | utc_offset = +01 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +02 | calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Austrick|+43]] | cctld = [[.at]]{{ref label|ccc|c}} | footnote_a = {{note|aaa}} [[Croatie leid|Croatie]], [[Czech leid|Czech]], [[Hungarian leid|Hungarian]], [[Romani leid|Romani]], [[Slovak leid|Slovak]], an [[Slovene leid|Slovene]] are offeecially recognised bi the [[European Chairter for Regional or Minority Leids|European Chairter for Regional or Minority Leids (ECRML)]]. | footnote_b = {{note|bbb}} [[Austrian schilling]] afore 1999; Virtual Euro syne 1 Januar 1999; Euro syne 1 January 2002. | footnote_c = {{note|ccc}} The [[.eu]] domain is an aa uised, as it is shared wi ither [[European Union]] member states. }} [[File:The States of Austria Numbered.svg|thumb|Territorial organization]] '''Austrick''' ([[German leid|German]]: ''Österreich'', [[Czech leid|Czech]]: ''Rakousko'', [[Slovenian leid|Slovenian]]: ''Avstrija''; [[Croatian leid|Croatian]]: ''Austrija''; [[Serbian leid|Serbian]]: ''Аустрија''; [[Hungarian leid|Hungarian]]: ''Ausztria'') is a laundlockit kintra in central [[Europe]]. It haes a laund mairch wi [[Germany]] an [[Czechie]] tae the north, [[Slovakie]] an [[Hungary]] tae the east, [[Slovenie]] an [[Italy]] tae the sooth, an [[Swisserland]] an [[Liechtenstein]] tae the wast. Austrick haes been a [[state|member-state]] o the [[European Union|EU]] sin 1995.{{Citation needit}} The fowk in Austrick speak [[German leid|German]], a few speak [[Hungarian leid|Hungarian]], [[Slovenie leid|Slovenie]] an [[Croatie leid|Croatie]].{{Citation needed}} The caipital o Austrick is [[Vienna]] (Wien). Austrick is mair nor a thoosand year auld. Its history can be follaed tae the [[nint century]]. At that time the first fowk muived tae the laund nou kent as Austrick. The name "Ostarrichi" is first scrieved in an offeecial document frae 996AD. Syne this wird haes developed intae the Modren German wird ''Österreich''.{{Citation needed}} == History == Austrick wis an empire frae aboot 800AD tae 1918, an wis ringit ower bi The Hoose o [[Habsburg]] for maist o that period. Than it becam a [[republic]]. The ''First Republic'' wis frae 1918 tae 1938, the ''Seicont Republic'' haes been frae 1945. Frae 1938 tae 1945 Austrick wis pairt o Germany. It wis annexed bi the Nazis an becam pairt o the"''[[Third Reich]]''" juist afore [[WWII]]. Efter the weir it syne becam [[unthirldom|unthirlt]].{{Citation needed}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat|Austria}} [[Category:Austrick| ]] [[Category:Central European kintras]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1955]] [[Category:Landlocked kintras]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] 3cgzd7o8wiyzo2ruquvply8x6p4980n 0 7010 920920 890204 2026-08-17T17:28:58Z Kaybeesquared 78785 removed redlinks 920920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UK place |official_name= Paisley |gaelic_name= Pàislig |scots_name= |country= Scotland |population= 77,210 |population_density= |os_grid_reference= NS485635 |edinburgh_distance= {{convert|49|mi|km|abbr=on}} [[Boxing the compass|E]] |london_distance= {{convert|347|mi|km|abbr=on}} [[Boxing the compass|SSE]] |coordinates = {{coord|55.846627|-4.423636|display=inline,title}} |post_town= PAISLEY |postcode_area= PA |postcode_district= PA1 – PA3 |dial_code= 0141 & 01505 |constituency_westminster= [[Paisley an Renfrewshire North (UK Pairlament constituency)|Paisley an Renfrewshire North]] |constituency_westminster1= [[Paisley an Renfrewshire Sooth (UK Pairlament constituency)|Paisley an Renfrewshire Sooth]] |unitary_scotland= [[Renfrewshire]] |lieutenancy_scotland= [[Renfrewshire (historic)|Renfrewshire]] |constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Paisley (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Paisley]] |static_image_name= Paisley Town Hall from Gauze Street - geograph.org.uk - 927930.jpg |static_image_caption= Paisley Town Hall, from Gauze Street |website=http://www.paisley.org.uk/ }} '''Paisley''' ([[Scots Gaelic]]: ''Pàislig'') is a [[toun]] an ae-time [[burgh]] situatit in the wast [[Scots Lawlands|central lawlands]] o [[Scotland]], aboot seiven mile wast-sooth-wast o [[Glesgae]]. It is the maist muckle toun an admeenistrative centre o the [[Renfrewshire]] cooncil area. Paisley straidles the White Cart Watter that jines the Black Cart Watter becomin the [[River Cart]] north o the toun. The toun kivers the lawland tae the north o the Gleniffer Braes. Paisley wis ance thocht tae hae been the steid o the Roman fortification o Vanduara (or Vandogara) chronicelt bi [[Ptolemy]]. The identifeecation o the steid o modren Paisley wi this fort is maistlie foondit on the sibness o the toon's nemm tae the Brythonic ''Gwen-dwr'' ('white watter') that wis thocht tae hae been the nemm o the White Cart Watter at thon time. In the 12t century a priory wis foondit at Paisley an a veelage suin grew aroond it. A hunner yeir aifter its foondation, the priory got the status o a Abbey. The toun became weel-kent in the 18t and 19t centuries for the production o claith, oweraw [[cotton]] wi the kenspeckle [[Paisley (design)|Paisley Pattern]]. <!--Needs pittin ower intae Scots Paisley is the seicont largest toun in Scotland, after East Kilbride with a population o 72,970 <ref name="history">{{cite web | url=http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/publications-and-data/settlements-and-localities/mid-2004-population-estimates-for-localities-in-scotland.html | title= GRO Data | publisher=Scottish Government}}</ref>. Whilst smaller than Scotland's major cities, [[Glasgow]], [[Edinburgh]], [[Aberdeen]], and [[Dundee]], it forms the sixth-largest settlement in the country, haein a greater population than [[Inverness]] or [[Stirling]], which both have city status. Paisley forms much o the south-wastern part o the [[Greater Glasgow]] conurbation. ==Etymology== Formerly known as Paislay <ref>http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=47680</ref> the burgh's name is o uncertain origin; some sources suggest a derivation either from the [[Brythonic languages|Brythonic]] word, ''pasgill'', 'pasture', or more likely, ''passeleg'' - 'basilica', (i.e. major [[kirk]]), itself derived from the Greek ''basilika''. However, some Scottish place-name books suggest "Pæssa's wood/clearing", from the Old English personal name ''Pæssa'' and ''leāh'' - "clearing, wood". Pasilege (1182) and Paslie (1214) are recorded previous spellings o the name. [[Image:PaisleyMap1923.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Map o Paisley in 1923]] ==History== Paisley has monastic origins. A [[chapel]] is said to have been established by the 6th/7th century Irish monk, [[Saint Mirin]] at a site near a waterfall on the White Cart Water known as the Hammils. Though Paisley lacks contemporary documentation it may have been, along with [[Glasgow]] and [[Govan]], a major religious centre o the [[Kingdom o Strathclyde]]. A priory was established in 1163 from the [[Cluniac]] [[priory]] at [[Wenlock]] in [[Shropshire]], [[England]] at the behest o [[Walter Fitzalan]] (d. 1177) [[High Steward o Scotland]]. In 1245 this was raised to the status o an Abbey. The restored [[Abbey]] and adjacent 'Place' (palace), constructed out o part o the medieval claustral buildings, survive as a [[[[kirk]] o Scotland]] parish [[kirk]]. One o [[Scotland]]'s major religious houses, [[Paisley Abbey]] was much favoured by the [[Bruce]] and [[Stewart]] royal families. It is generally accepted that [[William Wallace]] the great hero o Scottish independence who inspired the film ''[[Braveheart]]'' was educated here. King [[Robert III]] (1390-1406) was buried in the Abbey. His tomb has not survived, but that o Princess [[Marjorie Bruce]] (1296-1316), ancestress o the Stewarts is one o [[Scotland]]'s few royal monuments to survive the [[Reformation]]. Paisley coalesced under [[James II o Scotland|James II's]] wish that the lands should become a single regality and, as a result, markets, trading and commerce began to flourish. In 1488 the toun's status was raised by [[James IV o Scotland|James IV]] to [[Burgh o barony]]. Many trades sprang up and the first school was established in 1577 by the toun Council. By the mid-nineteenth century weaving had become the toun's principal industry. Paisley is still very well-known for the Paisley [[Shawl]] and its distinctive [[Paisley (design)|Paisley Pattern]] which originated around this time. Through its weaving fraternity, Paisley gained notoriety as being a literate and somewhat radical toun, although it could be argued in a fiercely positive direction. By this time there was a real mixture o religious opinions and healthy drink-fuelled debate raged at night amongst the weavers, poets, merchants, masons and others. The poet [[Robert Tannahill]] lived in this setting, working as a weaver. The weavers o Paisley were also active in the [[Radical War]] o 1820. ==Industry== [[Image:Paisley.JPG|thumb|left|Several ties showing the Paisley pattern that made the toun famous in the 19th century]] Paisley was at one time famous for its weaving industry. For nearly a hundred years until the 1870s shawls o the [[Paisley pattern]] were in fashion. Until the [[Jacquard]] loom was introduced in the 1820s weaving was a [[cottage industry]]. This innovation led to the industrialisation o the process. As a result many weavers lost their livelihoods and left for [[Canadae]] and [[Australie]]. One o these, a man named John Hart and a Paisley mill owner, settled at [[Perth, Ontario|Perth]], [[Ontario]], where he had a Book Store and Mercantile troke. Due to its ure, mild climate Paisley was for many years a centre for the manufacture o cotton sewing [[yarn|thread]]. At the heyday o Paisley thread manufacture in the 1930s there were 28,000 fowk employed in the huge Anchor and Ferguslie mills o J & P Coats Ltd ([http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/news/02120302.html Coats Viyella]) said to be the largest o their kind in the world at that time. In the 1950s the mills diversified into the production o synthetic threads but with cheap foreign imports and the establishment by Coats o mills in [[Indie]] and [[Brazeel]] the writing was on the wall for Paisley and production began to diminish rapidly. By the end o the 1980s there was no thread being produced in Paisley. However, both industries have left a permanent mark on the toun in the form o the many places with textile related names, for example, Dyer's Wynd, Cotton Street, Thread Street, Shuttle Street, Lawn Street, Silk Street, Mill Street and Incle Street. The toun also supported a number o engineering works some o which relied on the textile industry, others on shipbuilding. With the demise o both these industries in the wast o Scotland the engineering works too have all but gone. In the mid 1970s industry in Paisley went into rapid decline. The preserve manufacturer [[James Robertson (grocer)|Robertsons]] which was founded in Paisley in the 1860s closed its Stevenson Street factory and transferred production to [[Bristol]], [[Manchester]] and [[London]]. This closure was followed by those o the engineering firms o [[Fullerton, Hodgart and Barclay]] and [[Whites Engineering]]. In 1981 the area was dealt a massive blow when [[Peugeot|Peugeot Talbot]], formerly [[Chrysler]] and before that [[Rootes]], announced that their [[Linwood]] factory just outside o Paisley would cease production.<ref name = allan>Allan, Robert J (1991).''Geofrey Rootes' dream for Linwood''. Minster Lovall: Bookmargue Publishing. ISBN 1-870519-12-4</ref> Almost 5000 workers were laid of. The knock on effect on other trokees in the area was immeasurable and, despite numerous regeneration projects, Linwood has never recovered. [[Brown and Polson]] commenced producing [[starch]] and [[cornstarch|cornflour]] in Paisley in the 1860s. It later became [[CPC Foods Ltd]], a subsidiary o [[Unilever]], which produced [[Hellmann's and Best Foods|Hellmann's]] [[mayonnaise]], [[Gerber Products Company|Gerber]] baby foods and [[Knorr (brand)|Knorr]] soups. The company ceased production in Paisley in 2002. Other trokees to have closed since the 1990s are the [[British Gas plc|Scottish Gas]] distribution and service centre, [[Cadbury's]] distribution centre and [[William Grant & Sons]] the [[Scotch whisky]] producer. Some o the remaining employers in the toun are [[whisky|Scotch whisky]] blenders and bottlers [[Chivas Regal|Chivas Brothers]] now a subsidiary o [[Pernod Ricard]] and the pigment manufacturers o the [[Swiss]] company [[Ciba Geigy]]. Both companies employ considerably fewer fowk than in the past. [[Glasgow International Airport]] which is situated to the north o Paisley is a major centre o employment. Many Paisley fowk travel outside o the toun to work, most notably to [[Glasgow]] city centre. Paisley's good transport links enable many residents to work throuout the Clyde Valley region. ==Architecture== In the 1960s the toun centre underwent considerable redevelopment resulting in the demolition o the County Buildings in County Square and the adjacent police station and toun gaol. These fine [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] edifices were replaced by the [[brutalist]] concrete Gilmour House and the Piazza trokeping centre which spans the White Cart Water. ===Paisley Abbey=== [[Image:PaisleyAbbey.jpg|thumb|Paisley Abbey was the burial place o many Scottish Kings during the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries.]] The wast o [[Paisley Abbey]] provides an example o original [[Gothic architecture]] dating to the 12th century. The east end and tower date to the late 19th and early 20th centuries and are examples o [[Gothic Revival architecture]]. ===Other notable buildings=== '''Paisley toun Hall''' (the George A. Clark toun Hall) was funded by Clarks, the owners o the Anchor thread mill. In response, their main competitor in the production o thread in the toun, Sir Peter Coats, funded the building o the equally magnificent '''Paisley Museum and Library''' in [[1871]]. These, and many other remarkably grand buildings in Paisley, testify to the power, influence and success o the textile industry in the toun. [[Image:PaisleyCoats[[kirk]].jpg|thumb|right|200 px|Thomas Coats Memorial [[kirk]]]] The '''Thomas Coats Memorial [[kirk]]''' is an example o [[Gothic Revival architecture]]. It dominates the toun's skyline with its crown spire more than 60 metres high. Opened in [[1894]] and designed by [[Hippolyte Jean Blanc]]<ref>http://www.fenet.co.uk/coats/arch.htm</ref> it is the largest [[Baptist]] [[kirk]] in [[Europe]]. The exterior is made o old red sandstone. Inside, the [[kirk]] is decorated with wood carvings, mosaic floors and marble fonts. The [[kirk]] also contains a 3040 pipe [[Hill Organ]]. [[Image:PaisleyRCCathedral.JPG|thumb|Roman Catholic Cathedral o Saint Mirin, [[Paisley]], [[Scotland]]]] '''The Cathedral [[kirk]] o Saint Mirin''' ([[St Mirin's Cathedral]]) in Incle Street is the seat o the Catholic [[Bitroke o Paisley]]. The [[kirk]] was completed in [[1931]] to replace an earlier building, in nearby East Buchanan Street, which dated from [[1808]]. The original St Mirin's [[kirk]] was the first Catholic [[kirk]] to be built in Scotland since the [[Scottish Reformation|Reformation]]. With the erection o the [[Diocese o Paisley]] in [[1947]] the [[kirk]] was raised to [[cathedral]] status. '''St Matthew's [[kirk]]''' ([[[[kirk]] o the Nazarene]]) at the junction o Gordon Street and Johnston Street is [[Art Nouveau]] in style. Designed by local architect William Daniel McLennan, a contemporary o [[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]], it was built in [[1906]]. The '''[[Russell Institute]]''' was built in [[1926]].<ref>http://www.paisley.org.uk/history/russell.php</ref> The "A"<ref>[http://www.architecturescotland.co.uk/practices/portfolio/33/Refurbishment_%26_Conversion_o_the_Domestic_Finishing_Mill%2C_Anchor_Mills%2C_Paisley ArchitectureScotland.co.uk]</ref> [[listed]] '''Anchor Mill''' (built 1886)<ref>http://www.princes-regeneration.org/index.php?n=PT.AnchorMills</ref> was converted, in 2005, into modern apartments. The building is an example o successful redevelopment o old industrial areas. '''Paisley Civic Centre''' designed by Sir [[Basil Spence]] and Partners was built in the 1960s to house the [[Renfrewshire (historic)|Renfrewshire]] county ofices. It was intended to become the civic hub for Paisley but the absence o any trokes and non-council premises prevented this from happening.<ref>Frank Arneil Walker (1986). ''The South Clyde Estuary''. [[Royal Incorporation o Architects in Scotland|RIAS Publishing]]. ISBN 0-7073-0476-8.</ref> It became the home o the Renfrew sub-region o [[Strathclyde]] Regional Council in 1975 and o [[Renfrewshire]] Council in 1996. It is listed by the conservation organisation [[DoCoMoMo]] as one o the [[DoCoMoMo Key Scottish Monuments|sixty key Scottish monuments]] o the [[post-war]] period. ==Education== In 1992, Paisley College o Technology, founded in 1896 as Paisley Central Institution, became the [[Varsity o Paisley]] which merged with [[Bell College]] in [[Hamilton, South Lanarkshire|Hamilton]] on the 1st o August, 2007. The merged institution was then renamed as the [[Varsity o the Wast o Scotland]] on the 30th o November 2007. The toun also contains [[red Kerr College]] which provides [[Further Education]]. There are four [[seicontary School#United Kingdom|seicontary Schools]] in Paisley: [[Paisley Grammar School]], Castlehead High School, St. Andrew's Academy and Gleniffer High School. The oldest o these is Paisley Grammar which was founded in 1586. Until the late 1990s there were five more seicontary schools, now no longer in existence haein been the casualties o the reduction in pupil numbers - Merksworth High School (to the north wast o the toun), John Neilson High School and St Mirin's High School (on the wast side o the toun), St Aelred's High School and Stanely Green High School (both on the south side o the toun). ==Media== Viewers in Paisley can receive all the UK terrestrial channels and radio listeners can receive all the major UK stations plus a number o local services. The local daily newspaper is the [[Paisley Daily Express]] whose ofices are located on New Street in the toun centre o Paisley. The locally based radio station Q96, has gone of air and has been replaced with 96.3 Rock Radio. Despite being based in Baillieston, Glasgow the terms o the licence state that it must carry Renfrewshire based material. *Radio Stations (National and Local) ** [[Clyde 1]] ** [[XFM Scotland]] ** [[Real Radio]] ** [[96.3 Rock Radio]], available in Paisley, Renfrewshire and Glasgow ** [[FPR]], On Air Seasonally ** [[BBC Radio One]] ** [[BBC Radio Two]] ** [[BBC Radio Three]] ** [[Macca G Radio]] ** [[BBC Radio Four]] ** [[BBC Radio Scotland]] ** [[Virgin Radio]] ** [[Smooth Radio]] ** [[Classic FM (UK)]] ** [[TalkSport]] *TV Stations (National) ** [[BBC Scotland]] ** [[BBC Two|BBC2]] ** [[STV]] ** [[Channel 4]] ** [[Five]] *Newspapers (Local) ** [[Paisley Daily Express]] ==trokeping== The Piazza trokeping Centre, based in the heart o Paisley, has forged many links within the community and is the toun's busiest centre. Featuring household names such as [[Somerfield]], [[New Look]], [[D2]] and [[The Carphone Warehouse]], The Piazza is also home to one o the Top 50 [[Post ofice]] branches in the UK - one o two Scottish flagship stores, it was made a Crown Post ofice in [[2007]]. The Piazza has also recently launched a Student Card, providing a range o discounts for the thousands o students that pass throu Paisley every year. The Paisley Centre is a three floored centre including a department store, an indoor market and over 50 trokeping units including [[Marks and Spencer]], [[Boots]], [[Superdrug]], [[Vodafone]], [[Thorntons]], [[The Body troke]] and [[T-Mobile]] as well as many local outlets. In recent years, however, the quality and variety o trokeping has declined, with many o Paisley's more affluent customers choosing to troke at the ([[1998]]) [[Braehead]] trokeping Centre which lies within Renfrewshire's boundaries. Through this competition and high tax rates for local trokees{{Fact|date=October 2007}}, many stores have been forced to close their doors. Despite a poor perception, however, many retailers are still thriving in Paisley's trokeping centres, and adding colour to the toun is the variety o busy Continental and Farmers Markets which oten take place in the toun. ==Sport== [[St Mirren F.C.]], the local Paisley Scottish Premier League football team, have been given planning permission to move to a new 8,000 seat stadium from their home on the toun's Love Street, to one located on Greenhill Road to help regenerate the deprived Ferguslie Park area. Their last major success was on [[16 May]] [[1987]]<ref>http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_football.cfm?curpageid=551</ref> when St Mirren won the [[Scottish Cup]], with thousands crowding the streets to see the team. In (2006), the team won the [[Scottish Football League First Division]] and has returned to the [[Scottish Premier League]]. They have a very active youth development system and are part o the social fabric o the toun. This was demonstrated when at a Renfrewshire Council planning committee board meeting on the new stadium and supermarket to replace Love Street came to be heard. With the initial recommendation that St. Mirren be denied permission for the supermarket but allowed the stadium, something that threatened the future o the club due to the supermarket being only solution to clear its debts, some 300{{Fact|date=February 2007}} buddies stood outside the final meeting o Renfrewshire Council in Cotton Street on a dry Tuesday Morning in support. The club was granted permission at this meeting with a majority vote o 9-5{{Fact|date=February 2007}} in favour. [[Abercorn F.C.]] were Paisley's other proessional team, but fell into decline and subsequent liquidation in 1920. Paisley is also the base for [[Scotland]]'s only proessional [[basketball]] team, the [[Scottish Rocks]] and [[ice hockey]] team [[Paisley Pirates]], both o whom use the 5,300 seat [[Braehead Arena]] for home games. The Rocks are one o the leading basketball teams in the [[United Kingdom]], competing in the elite [[British Basketball League]]. The franchise relocated to Renfrewshire from [[Edinburgh]] in [[2002]] and have built up a loyal and passionate fanbase in the area since. Paisley also has two [[cricket]] grounds by the name o Kelburne Cricket Club and Ferguslie Cricket Club. Both cricketers [[Majid Haq]] and [[Omer Hussain]], Scottish internationalist cricketers have played for both Kelburne and currently play for Ferguslie Cricket Club. In addition, Paisley is home to two rugby clubs. [[Paisley RFC]] who play Union and [[Paisley Hurricanes]] who play League. Both are currently based at the Anchor Recreational Grounds and run several teams and youth and senior level while also providing coaches to local schools. Paisley is also home to the Kelburne Hockey Club who have dominated domestic hockey in the last 3 seasons. Kelburne HC run 5 gents teams, 3 ladies teams and have over 100 juniors regularly competing for the club at District and National level. Kelburne HC has also supplies the Scottish National Team the vast majoirty o the Gents team. The club has also had success in Europe with recent tournament victories in Austria and Switzerland. Motorcycle speedway was staged at St Mirren Park in 1975 and 1976 when the [[Paisley Lions]] raced in the seicont division o the British Leagues. The Lions were moderately successful but despite the best efforts o their supporters, the venue was lost to speedway. ==Transport== ===Air=== [[Glasgow International Airport|Glasgow International Airport's]] terminal buildings are located in the north o Paisley at [[Abbotsinch]]. The airport authority and the many trokees located in around the airport are a major source o employment for Paisley and touns nearby. ===Road=== Paisley is connected to the UK motorway network with the [[M8 motorway|M8]] running along the northern edge o the toun. This forms part o the unsigned [[European_route_E5|E5]] [[International_E-road_network|Euroroute]] from Greenock to Gibraltar. Many major A roads converge throu the toun including the [[A726]], [[A737]] and [[A761]]. ===Rail=== The toun is linked by rail to [[Glasgow]] city centre as well as [[Inverclyde]] and the [[Ayrshire]] coast, being served by four stations ([[Paisley Gilmour Street railway station|Paisley Gilmour Street]], [[Paisley St James railway station|Paisley St James]], [[Paisley Canal railway station|Paisley Canal]] and [[Hawkhead railway station|Hawkhead]]). The rail links also connect to [[Glasgow Prestwick International Airport]] and ferry routes to [[Dunoon]], the [[Isle o Arran]], [[Isle o Bute]] and [[Ireland]].There are plans in place, and Royal Assent has been given, for a [[Glasgow Airport Rail Link|rail link]] from the [[Inverclyde Line]] to [[Glasgow International Airport]], planned for completion in 2009, with services starting in 2010. ===Canal=== Built in 1807 the Glasgow & Ardrossan canal ran from Port Eglinton in Glasgow to Paisley. Despite initial plans, the canal never reached Ardrossan and it terminated at Thorn Brae in Johnston. (See [[Glasgow, Paisley and Johnstone Canal]]). After closure in 1885 the canal was de-watered and formed the basis for the [[Glasgow and South wastern Railway]] Company's [[Paisley Canal Line]] connecting Glasgow to Paisley, and onward to Elderslie, Bridge o Weir and Greenock. The seicont [[Paisley Canal railway station]] is operational. ===Bus=== Bus routes connect to other nearby touns and Glasgow city centre. The toun benefits from some o the best transport links in the central belt o Scotland. ==Areas o Paisley== [[Castlehead, Paisley|Castlehead]], situated to the southwast o the centre o the toun, is a wooded area o Victorian villas where many o the toun's leading industrialists made their homes in the late 19th century. It is a [[conservation area]]. [[Oakshaw]], situated on a hill to the north o the High St, is a conservation area and home to many fine buildings including the [[High Kirk]], the [[Coats Observatory]] and the former [[John Neilson Institute]], now converted into apartments. [[Thornly Park]] is located to the south o the toun. The area is classed as a conservation area with many examples o various architecture ranging from [[mock Tudor]] to [[Art Deco]]. Many o the houses were designed by W D McLennan who also designed several local [[kirk]]es such as Saint Matthew's. The toun is surrounded by several large residential areas that were created after the [[Housing Act o 1946]]. These include [[Glenburn]] (south), [[Foxbar]] (south wast), [[Ferguslie Park]] (north wast), [[Gallowhill]] (North East) and [[Hunterhill]] (South East). Ferguslie Park was named by the Scottish Executive's most deprived area in 2006.<ref>''BBC News'', [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6058524.stm "Scotland reveals most deprived areas"], October 2006</ref> Nearer the centre o the toun remains many areas o older housing. The toun centre, [[Williamsburgh]] and [[Charleston, Renfrewshire|Charleston]] areas contain many examples o [[tenement|Scottish tenement flats]]. Three to four storeys tall, with trokes on the ground floor and constructed o local blond and red [[sandstone]]. These tenement flats have been extensively restored and modernised over the last two decades. [[Gockston]] in the far north o the toun has many terraced houses and, after regeneration has many detached and semi-detached houses as well as several flats [[Ralston]] a residential area in the far east o the toun, which borders Glasgow was outside the Paisley burgh when constructed in the 1930's. Following local authority re-organisation in the 1990's, it is now generally regarded to be a suburb o Paisley. --> == Soorces == <references/> == Fremmit airtins == * [http://www.paisley.org.uk Veesitors steid] * [http://paisley.org.uk/active/index.php?option=com_expose&Itemid=43 Paisley Photae Gailery] * [http://www.paisleypeople.com Paisley People paper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003102507/http://www.paisleypeople.com/ |date=2017-10-03 }} * [http://www.paisleygazette.co.uk The Gazette page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126041737/http://www.paisleygazette.co.uk/ |date=2021-01-26 }} {{Commonscat|Paisley, Scotland}} [[Category:Touns in Renfrewshire]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] [[Category:Paisley, Renfrewshire| ]] {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} nigi63vjvskfmkowp2e0bw1c1b4cyfq 921040 920920 2026-08-17T23:31:38Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UK place |official_name= Paisley |gaelic_name= Pàislig |country= Scotland |population= 77,210 |os_grid_reference= NS485635 |edinburgh_distance= {{convert|49|mi|km|abbr=on}} [[Boxing the compass|E]] |london_distance= {{convert|347|mi|km|abbr=on}} [[Boxing the compass|SSE]] |coordinates = {{coord|55.846627|-4.423636|display=inline,title}} |post_town= PAISLEY |postcode_area= PA |postcode_district= PA1 – PA3 |dial_code= 0141 & 01505 |constituency_westminster= [[Paisley an Renfrewshire North (UK Pairlament constituency)|Paisley an Renfrewshire North]] |constituency_westminster1= [[Paisley an Renfrewshire Sooth (UK Pairlament constituency)|Paisley an Renfrewshire Sooth]] |unitary_scotland= [[Renfrewshire]] |lieutenancy_scotland= [[Renfrewshire (historic)|Renfrewshire]] |constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Paisley (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Paisley]] |static_image_name= Paisley Town Hall from Gauze Street - geograph.org.uk - 927930.jpg |static_image_caption= Paisley Town Hall, from Gauze Street |website= http://www.paisley.org.uk/ }} '''Paisley''' ([[Scots Gaelic]]: ''Pàislig'') is a [[toun]] an ae-time [[burgh]] situatit in the wast [[Scots Lawlands|central lawlands]] o [[Scotland]], aboot seiven mile wast-sooth-wast o [[Glesgae]]. It is the maist muckle toun an admeenistrative centre o the [[Renfrewshire]] cooncil area. Paisley straidles the White Cart Watter that jines the Black Cart Watter becomin the [[River Cart]] north o the toun. The toun kivers the lawland tae the north o the Gleniffer Braes. Paisley wis ance thocht tae hae been the steid o the Roman fortification o Vanduara (or Vandogara) chronicelt bi [[Ptolemy]]. The identifeecation o the steid o modren Paisley wi this fort is maistlie foondit on the sibness o the toon's nemm tae the Brythonic ''Gwen-dwr'' ('white watter') that wis thocht tae hae been the nemm o the White Cart Watter at thon time. In the 12t century a priory wis foondit at Paisley an a veelage suin grew aroond it. A hunner yeir aifter its foondation, the priory got the status o a Abbey. The toun became weel-kent in the 18t and 19t centuries for the production o claith, oweraw [[cotton]] wi the kenspeckle [[Paisley (design)|Paisley Pattern]]. <!--Needs pittin ower intae Scots Paisley is the seicont largest toun in Scotland, after East Kilbride with a population o 72,970 <ref name="history">{{cite web | url=http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/publications-and-data/settlements-and-localities/mid-2004-population-estimates-for-localities-in-scotland.html | title= GRO Data | publisher=Scottish Government}}</ref>. Whilst smaller than Scotland's major cities, [[Glasgow]], [[Edinburgh]], [[Aberdeen]], and [[Dundee]], it forms the sixth-largest settlement in the country, haein a greater population than [[Inverness]] or [[Stirling]], which both have city status. Paisley forms much o the south-wastern part o the [[Greater Glasgow]] conurbation. ==Etymology== Formerly known as Paislay <ref>http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=47680</ref> the burgh's name is o uncertain origin; some sources suggest a derivation either from the [[Brythonic languages|Brythonic]] word, ''pasgill'', 'pasture', or more likely, ''passeleg'' - 'basilica', (i.e. major [[kirk]]), itself derived from the Greek ''basilika''. However, some Scottish place-name books suggest "Pæssa's wood/clearing", from the Old English personal name ''Pæssa'' and ''leāh'' - "clearing, wood". Pasilege (1182) and Paslie (1214) are recorded previous spellings o the name. [[Image:PaisleyMap1923.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Map o Paisley in 1923]] ==History== Paisley has monastic origins. A [[chapel]] is said to have been established by the 6th/7th century Irish monk, [[Saint Mirin]] at a site near a waterfall on the White Cart Water known as the Hammils. Though Paisley lacks contemporary documentation it may have been, along with [[Glasgow]] and [[Govan]], a major religious centre o the [[Kingdom o Strathclyde]]. A priory was established in 1163 from the [[Cluniac]] [[priory]] at [[Wenlock]] in [[Shropshire]], [[England]] at the behest o [[Walter Fitzalan]] (d. 1177) [[High Steward o Scotland]]. In 1245 this was raised to the status o an Abbey. The restored [[Abbey]] and adjacent 'Place' (palace), constructed out o part o the medieval claustral buildings, survive as a [[[[kirk]] o Scotland]] parish [[kirk]]. One o [[Scotland]]'s major religious houses, [[Paisley Abbey]] was much favoured by the [[Bruce]] and [[Stewart]] royal families. It is generally accepted that [[William Wallace]] the great hero o Scottish independence who inspired the film ''[[Braveheart]]'' was educated here. King [[Robert III]] (1390-1406) was buried in the Abbey. His tomb has not survived, but that o Princess [[Marjorie Bruce]] (1296-1316), ancestress o the Stewarts is one o [[Scotland]]'s few royal monuments to survive the [[Reformation]]. Paisley coalesced under [[James II o Scotland|James II's]] wish that the lands should become a single regality and, as a result, markets, trading and commerce began to flourish. In 1488 the toun's status was raised by [[James IV o Scotland|James IV]] to [[Burgh o barony]]. Many trades sprang up and the first school was established in 1577 by the toun Council. By the mid-nineteenth century weaving had become the toun's principal industry. Paisley is still very well-known for the Paisley [[Shawl]] and its distinctive [[Paisley (design)|Paisley Pattern]] which originated around this time. Through its weaving fraternity, Paisley gained notoriety as being a literate and somewhat radical toun, although it could be argued in a fiercely positive direction. By this time there was a real mixture o religious opinions and healthy drink-fuelled debate raged at night amongst the weavers, poets, merchants, masons and others. The poet [[Robert Tannahill]] lived in this setting, working as a weaver. The weavers o Paisley were also active in the [[Radical War]] o 1820. ==Industry== [[Image:Paisley.JPG|thumb|left|Several ties showing the Paisley pattern that made the toun famous in the 19th century]] Paisley was at one time famous for its weaving industry. For nearly a hundred years until the 1870s shawls o the [[Paisley pattern]] were in fashion. Until the [[Jacquard]] loom was introduced in the 1820s weaving was a [[cottage industry]]. This innovation led to the industrialisation o the process. As a result many weavers lost their livelihoods and left for [[Canadae]] and [[Australie]]. One o these, a man named John Hart and a Paisley mill owner, settled at [[Perth, Ontario|Perth]], [[Ontario]], where he had a Book Store and Mercantile troke. Due to its ure, mild climate Paisley was for many years a centre for the manufacture o cotton sewing [[yarn|thread]]. At the heyday o Paisley thread manufacture in the 1930s there were 28,000 fowk employed in the huge Anchor and Ferguslie mills o J & P Coats Ltd ([http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/news/02120302.html Coats Viyella]) said to be the largest o their kind in the world at that time. In the 1950s the mills diversified into the production o synthetic threads but with cheap foreign imports and the establishment by Coats o mills in [[Indie]] and [[Brazeel]] the writing was on the wall for Paisley and production began to diminish rapidly. By the end o the 1980s there was no thread being produced in Paisley. However, both industries have left a permanent mark on the toun in the form o the many places with textile related names, for example, Dyer's Wynd, Cotton Street, Thread Street, Shuttle Street, Lawn Street, Silk Street, Mill Street and Incle Street. The toun also supported a number o engineering works some o which relied on the textile industry, others on shipbuilding. With the demise o both these industries in the wast o Scotland the engineering works too have all but gone. In the mid 1970s industry in Paisley went into rapid decline. The preserve manufacturer [[James Robertson (grocer)|Robertsons]] which was founded in Paisley in the 1860s closed its Stevenson Street factory and transferred production to [[Bristol]], [[Manchester]] and [[London]]. This closure was followed by those o the engineering firms o [[Fullerton, Hodgart and Barclay]] and [[Whites Engineering]]. In 1981 the area was dealt a massive blow when [[Peugeot|Peugeot Talbot]], formerly [[Chrysler]] and before that [[Rootes]], announced that their [[Linwood]] factory just outside o Paisley would cease production.<ref name = allan>Allan, Robert J (1991).''Geofrey Rootes' dream for Linwood''. Minster Lovall: Bookmargue Publishing. ISBN 1-870519-12-4</ref> Almost 5000 workers were laid of. The knock on effect on other trokees in the area was immeasurable and, despite numerous regeneration projects, Linwood has never recovered. [[Brown and Polson]] commenced producing [[starch]] and [[cornstarch|cornflour]] in Paisley in the 1860s. It later became [[CPC Foods Ltd]], a subsidiary o [[Unilever]], which produced [[Hellmann's and Best Foods|Hellmann's]] [[mayonnaise]], [[Gerber Products Company|Gerber]] baby foods and [[Knorr (brand)|Knorr]] soups. The company ceased production in Paisley in 2002. Other trokees to have closed since the 1990s are the [[British Gas plc|Scottish Gas]] distribution and service centre, [[Cadbury's]] distribution centre and [[William Grant & Sons]] the [[Scotch whisky]] producer. Some o the remaining employers in the toun are [[whisky|Scotch whisky]] blenders and bottlers [[Chivas Regal|Chivas Brothers]] now a subsidiary o [[Pernod Ricard]] and the pigment manufacturers o the [[Swiss]] company [[Ciba Geigy]]. Both companies employ considerably fewer fowk than in the past. [[Glasgow International Airport]] which is situated to the north o Paisley is a major centre o employment. Many Paisley fowk travel outside o the toun to work, most notably to [[Glasgow]] city centre. Paisley's good transport links enable many residents to work throuout the Clyde Valley region. ==Architecture== In the 1960s the toun centre underwent considerable redevelopment resulting in the demolition o the County Buildings in County Square and the adjacent police station and toun gaol. These fine [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] edifices were replaced by the [[brutalist]] concrete Gilmour House and the Piazza trokeping centre which spans the White Cart Water. ===Paisley Abbey=== [[Image:PaisleyAbbey.jpg|thumb|Paisley Abbey was the burial place o many Scottish Kings during the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries.]] The wast o [[Paisley Abbey]] provides an example o original [[Gothic architecture]] dating to the 12th century. The east end and tower date to the late 19th and early 20th centuries and are examples o [[Gothic Revival architecture]]. ===Other notable buildings=== '''Paisley toun Hall''' (the George A. Clark toun Hall) was funded by Clarks, the owners o the Anchor thread mill. In response, their main competitor in the production o thread in the toun, Sir Peter Coats, funded the building o the equally magnificent '''Paisley Museum and Library''' in [[1871]]. These, and many other remarkably grand buildings in Paisley, testify to the power, influence and success o the textile industry in the toun. [[Image:PaisleyCoats[[kirk]].jpg|thumb|right|200 px|Thomas Coats Memorial [[kirk]]]] The '''Thomas Coats Memorial [[kirk]]''' is an example o [[Gothic Revival architecture]]. It dominates the toun's skyline with its crown spire more than 60 metres high. Opened in [[1894]] and designed by [[Hippolyte Jean Blanc]]<ref>http://www.fenet.co.uk/coats/arch.htm</ref> it is the largest [[Baptist]] [[kirk]] in [[Europe]]. The exterior is made o old red sandstone. Inside, the [[kirk]] is decorated with wood carvings, mosaic floors and marble fonts. The [[kirk]] also contains a 3040 pipe [[Hill Organ]]. [[Image:PaisleyRCCathedral.JPG|thumb|Roman Catholic Cathedral o Saint Mirin, [[Paisley]], [[Scotland]]]] '''The Cathedral [[kirk]] o Saint Mirin''' ([[St Mirin's Cathedral]]) in Incle Street is the seat o the Catholic [[Bitroke o Paisley]]. The [[kirk]] was completed in [[1931]] to replace an earlier building, in nearby East Buchanan Street, which dated from [[1808]]. The original St Mirin's [[kirk]] was the first Catholic [[kirk]] to be built in Scotland since the [[Scottish Reformation|Reformation]]. With the erection o the [[Diocese o Paisley]] in [[1947]] the [[kirk]] was raised to [[cathedral]] status. '''St Matthew's [[kirk]]''' ([[[[kirk]] o the Nazarene]]) at the junction o Gordon Street and Johnston Street is [[Art Nouveau]] in style. Designed by local architect William Daniel McLennan, a contemporary o [[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]], it was built in [[1906]]. The '''[[Russell Institute]]''' was built in [[1926]].<ref>http://www.paisley.org.uk/history/russell.php</ref> The "A"<ref>[http://www.architecturescotland.co.uk/practices/portfolio/33/Refurbishment_%26_Conversion_o_the_Domestic_Finishing_Mill%2C_Anchor_Mills%2C_Paisley ArchitectureScotland.co.uk]</ref> [[listed]] '''Anchor Mill''' (built 1886)<ref>http://www.princes-regeneration.org/index.php?n=PT.AnchorMills</ref> was converted, in 2005, into modern apartments. The building is an example o successful redevelopment o old industrial areas. '''Paisley Civic Centre''' designed by Sir [[Basil Spence]] and Partners was built in the 1960s to house the [[Renfrewshire (historic)|Renfrewshire]] county ofices. It was intended to become the civic hub for Paisley but the absence o any trokes and non-council premises prevented this from happening.<ref>Frank Arneil Walker (1986). ''The South Clyde Estuary''. [[Royal Incorporation o Architects in Scotland|RIAS Publishing]]. ISBN 0-7073-0476-8.</ref> It became the home o the Renfrew sub-region o [[Strathclyde]] Regional Council in 1975 and o [[Renfrewshire]] Council in 1996. It is listed by the conservation organisation [[DoCoMoMo]] as one o the [[DoCoMoMo Key Scottish Monuments|sixty key Scottish monuments]] o the [[post-war]] period. ==Education== In 1992, Paisley College o Technology, founded in 1896 as Paisley Central Institution, became the [[Varsity o Paisley]] which merged with [[Bell College]] in [[Hamilton, South Lanarkshire|Hamilton]] on the 1st o August, 2007. The merged institution was then renamed as the [[Varsity o the Wast o Scotland]] on the 30th o November 2007. The toun also contains [[red Kerr College]] which provides [[Further Education]]. There are four [[seicontary School#United Kingdom|seicontary Schools]] in Paisley: [[Paisley Grammar School]], Castlehead High School, St. Andrew's Academy and Gleniffer High School. The oldest o these is Paisley Grammar which was founded in 1586. Until the late 1990s there were five more seicontary schools, now no longer in existence haein been the casualties o the reduction in pupil numbers - Merksworth High School (to the north wast o the toun), John Neilson High School and St Mirin's High School (on the wast side o the toun), St Aelred's High School and Stanely Green High School (both on the south side o the toun). ==Media== Viewers in Paisley can receive all the UK terrestrial channels and radio listeners can receive all the major UK stations plus a number o local services. The local daily newspaper is the [[Paisley Daily Express]] whose ofices are located on New Street in the toun centre o Paisley. The locally based radio station Q96, has gone of air and has been replaced with 96.3 Rock Radio. Despite being based in Baillieston, Glasgow the terms o the licence state that it must carry Renfrewshire based material. *Radio Stations (National and Local) ** [[Clyde 1]] ** [[XFM Scotland]] ** [[Real Radio]] ** [[96.3 Rock Radio]], available in Paisley, Renfrewshire and Glasgow ** [[FPR]], On Air Seasonally ** [[BBC Radio One]] ** [[BBC Radio Two]] ** [[BBC Radio Three]] ** [[Macca G Radio]] ** [[BBC Radio Four]] ** [[BBC Radio Scotland]] ** [[Virgin Radio]] ** [[Smooth Radio]] ** [[Classic FM (UK)]] ** [[TalkSport]] *TV Stations (National) ** [[BBC Scotland]] ** [[BBC Two|BBC2]] ** [[STV]] ** [[Channel 4]] ** [[Five]] *Newspapers (Local) ** [[Paisley Daily Express]] ==trokeping== The Piazza trokeping Centre, based in the heart o Paisley, has forged many links within the community and is the toun's busiest centre. Featuring household names such as [[Somerfield]], [[New Look]], [[D2]] and [[The Carphone Warehouse]], The Piazza is also home to one o the Top 50 [[Post ofice]] branches in the UK - one o two Scottish flagship stores, it was made a Crown Post ofice in [[2007]]. The Piazza has also recently launched a Student Card, providing a range o discounts for the thousands o students that pass throu Paisley every year. The Paisley Centre is a three floored centre including a department store, an indoor market and over 50 trokeping units including [[Marks and Spencer]], [[Boots]], [[Superdrug]], [[Vodafone]], [[Thorntons]], [[The Body troke]] and [[T-Mobile]] as well as many local outlets. In recent years, however, the quality and variety o trokeping has declined, with many o Paisley's more affluent customers choosing to troke at the ([[1998]]) [[Braehead]] trokeping Centre which lies within Renfrewshire's boundaries. Through this competition and high tax rates for local trokees{{Fact|date=October 2007}}, many stores have been forced to close their doors. Despite a poor perception, however, many retailers are still thriving in Paisley's trokeping centres, and adding colour to the toun is the variety o busy Continental and Farmers Markets which oten take place in the toun. ==Sport== [[St Mirren F.C.]], the local Paisley Scottish Premier League football team, have been given planning permission to move to a new 8,000 seat stadium from their home on the toun's Love Street, to one located on Greenhill Road to help regenerate the deprived Ferguslie Park area. Their last major success was on [[16 May]] [[1987]]<ref>http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_football.cfm?curpageid=551</ref> when St Mirren won the [[Scottish Cup]], with thousands crowding the streets to see the team. In (2006), the team won the [[Scottish Football League First Division]] and has returned to the [[Scottish Premier League]]. They have a very active youth development system and are part o the social fabric o the toun. This was demonstrated when at a Renfrewshire Council planning committee board meeting on the new stadium and supermarket to replace Love Street came to be heard. With the initial recommendation that St. Mirren be denied permission for the supermarket but allowed the stadium, something that threatened the future o the club due to the supermarket being only solution to clear its debts, some 300{{Fact|date=February 2007}} buddies stood outside the final meeting o Renfrewshire Council in Cotton Street on a dry Tuesday Morning in support. The club was granted permission at this meeting with a majority vote o 9-5{{Fact|date=February 2007}} in favour. [[Abercorn F.C.]] were Paisley's other proessional team, but fell into decline and subsequent liquidation in 1920. Paisley is also the base for [[Scotland]]'s only proessional [[basketball]] team, the [[Scottish Rocks]] and [[ice hockey]] team [[Paisley Pirates]], both o whom use the 5,300 seat [[Braehead Arena]] for home games. The Rocks are one o the leading basketball teams in the [[United Kingdom]], competing in the elite [[British Basketball League]]. The franchise relocated to Renfrewshire from [[Edinburgh]] in [[2002]] and have built up a loyal and passionate fanbase in the area since. Paisley also has two [[cricket]] grounds by the name o Kelburne Cricket Club and Ferguslie Cricket Club. Both cricketers [[Majid Haq]] and [[Omer Hussain]], Scottish internationalist cricketers have played for both Kelburne and currently play for Ferguslie Cricket Club. In addition, Paisley is home to two rugby clubs. [[Paisley RFC]] who play Union and [[Paisley Hurricanes]] who play League. Both are currently based at the Anchor Recreational Grounds and run several teams and youth and senior level while also providing coaches to local schools. Paisley is also home to the Kelburne Hockey Club who have dominated domestic hockey in the last 3 seasons. Kelburne HC run 5 gents teams, 3 ladies teams and have over 100 juniors regularly competing for the club at District and National level. Kelburne HC has also supplies the Scottish National Team the vast majoirty o the Gents team. The club has also had success in Europe with recent tournament victories in Austria and Switzerland. Motorcycle speedway was staged at St Mirren Park in 1975 and 1976 when the [[Paisley Lions]] raced in the seicont division o the British Leagues. The Lions were moderately successful but despite the best efforts o their supporters, the venue was lost to speedway. ==Transport== ===Air=== [[Glasgow International Airport|Glasgow International Airport's]] terminal buildings are located in the north o Paisley at [[Abbotsinch]]. The airport authority and the many trokees located in around the airport are a major source o employment for Paisley and touns nearby. ===Road=== Paisley is connected to the UK motorway network with the [[M8 motorway|M8]] running along the northern edge o the toun. This forms part o the unsigned [[European_route_E5|E5]] [[International_E-road_network|Euroroute]] from Greenock to Gibraltar. Many major A roads converge throu the toun including the [[A726]], [[A737]] and [[A761]]. ===Rail=== The toun is linked by rail to [[Glasgow]] city centre as well as [[Inverclyde]] and the [[Ayrshire]] coast, being served by four stations ([[Paisley Gilmour Street railway station|Paisley Gilmour Street]], [[Paisley St James railway station|Paisley St James]], [[Paisley Canal railway station|Paisley Canal]] and [[Hawkhead railway station|Hawkhead]]). The rail links also connect to [[Glasgow Prestwick International Airport]] and ferry routes to [[Dunoon]], the [[Isle o Arran]], [[Isle o Bute]] and [[Ireland]].There are plans in place, and Royal Assent has been given, for a [[Glasgow Airport Rail Link|rail link]] from the [[Inverclyde Line]] to [[Glasgow International Airport]], planned for completion in 2009, with services starting in 2010. ===Canal=== Built in 1807 the Glasgow & Ardrossan canal ran from Port Eglinton in Glasgow to Paisley. Despite initial plans, the canal never reached Ardrossan and it terminated at Thorn Brae in Johnston. (See [[Glasgow, Paisley and Johnstone Canal]]). After closure in 1885 the canal was de-watered and formed the basis for the [[Glasgow and South wastern Railway]] Company's [[Paisley Canal Line]] connecting Glasgow to Paisley, and onward to Elderslie, Bridge o Weir and Greenock. The seicont [[Paisley Canal railway station]] is operational. ===Bus=== Bus routes connect to other nearby touns and Glasgow city centre. The toun benefits from some o the best transport links in the central belt o Scotland. ==Areas o Paisley== [[Castlehead, Paisley|Castlehead]], situated to the southwast o the centre o the toun, is a wooded area o Victorian villas where many o the toun's leading industrialists made their homes in the late 19th century. It is a [[conservation area]]. [[Oakshaw]], situated on a hill to the north o the High St, is a conservation area and home to many fine buildings including the [[High Kirk]], the [[Coats Observatory]] and the former [[John Neilson Institute]], now converted into apartments. [[Thornly Park]] is located to the south o the toun. The area is classed as a conservation area with many examples o various architecture ranging from [[mock Tudor]] to [[Art Deco]]. Many o the houses were designed by W D McLennan who also designed several local [[kirk]]es such as Saint Matthew's. The toun is surrounded by several large residential areas that were created after the [[Housing Act o 1946]]. These include [[Glenburn]] (south), [[Foxbar]] (south wast), [[Ferguslie Park]] (north wast), [[Gallowhill]] (North East) and [[Hunterhill]] (South East). Ferguslie Park was named by the Scottish Executive's most deprived area in 2006.<ref>''BBC News'', [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6058524.stm "Scotland reveals most deprived areas"], October 2006</ref> Nearer the centre o the toun remains many areas o older housing. The toun centre, [[Williamsburgh]] and [[Charleston, Renfrewshire|Charleston]] areas contain many examples o [[tenement|Scottish tenement flats]]. Three to four storeys tall, with trokes on the ground floor and constructed o local blond and red [[sandstone]]. These tenement flats have been extensively restored and modernised over the last two decades. [[Gockston]] in the far north o the toun has many terraced houses and, after regeneration has many detached and semi-detached houses as well as several flats [[Ralston]] a residential area in the far east o the toun, which borders Glasgow was outside the Paisley burgh when constructed in the 1930's. Following local authority re-organisation in the 1990's, it is now generally regarded to be a suburb o Paisley. --> == Soorces == <references/> == Fremmit airtins == * [http://www.paisley.org.uk Veesitors steid] * [http://paisley.org.uk/active/index.php?option=com_expose&Itemid=43 Paisley Photae Gailery] * [http://www.paisleypeople.com Paisley People paper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003102507/http://www.paisleypeople.com/ |date=2017-10-03 }} * [http://www.paisleygazette.co.uk The Gazette page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126041737/http://www.paisleygazette.co.uk/ |date=2021-01-26 }} {{Commonscat|Paisley, Scotland}} [[Category:Touns in Renfrewshire]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] [[Category:Paisley, Renfrewshire| ]] {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} ffgw0iu0vgt42y79hhr9iptuvibi792 14 7403 920987 361823 2026-08-17T19:04:35Z Munci 6841 added [[Category:Islands]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 920987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Hebrides}} [[Category:Scotland]] [[Category:Islands]] qbcqhfc2yekoku5kbvjucrwmc8evk6y 920988 920987 2026-08-17T19:04:52Z Munci 6841 added [[Category:Atlantic Ocean]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 920988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Hebrides}} [[Category:Scotland]] [[Category:Islands]] [[Category:Atlantic Ocean]] 0ux0rt8z7jcmzu4nibbg6r4hpciqgai 0 7998 920971 797767 2026-08-17T18:39:38Z Munci 6841 /* Staff */ eik in new director an ref 920971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unsoorced}} The '''Centre for the Scots Leid''' (CSL) is a curn that wirks tae promote the uiss o [[Scots leid|Scots]] an gie information an wittins aboot whit's gaun on in the Scots leid warld. ==History== The CSL wis stairtit in 1994, unner the name o The Scots Language Resource Centre. It cam about frae an ineetiative begoud by the [[Scots Leid Associe]]. They got support frae the Perth Cooncil an a space wis fund for thaim tae hae an office in the AK Bell Librar in Perth, that wis bein biggit at thon time, the office is aye in the same steid the day. The first director o the Centre wis Stuart McHardy. The Buird Convenor wis Chairlie Jones frae the [[Varsity o Edinburgh]]. ==Wabsite== The CSL's wark is tae gaither in an pit oot information aboot Scots an maist o this wark is duin on their wabsite, that haes wittins, airticles, spoken wird recordins, blogs an ithir featurs. Maist o the site is in baith [[Scots leid|Scots]] an [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], tho pairts o it is juist in ane o thir leids, sic as the blogs, that's juist in Scots. Ane o the featurs is the ''Scots Wurd o the Week'', that's taen frae the Herald Newspaper, an can be heard in a wee soondclip file read by sic fowk as actress Joyce, makar [[Rab Wilson]] an Alasdair Allan MSP. Mair oot ower the CSL rins an annual programme o its ain online events an featurs. Fowk that's wantin wittins o whit's gaun on in the warld o the Scots leid can sign up tae a mailin list frae the Centre on the wabsite, that sends oot emails ilka month tellin fowk whit's comin in the near an furder aff future, sic as the SLA's Collogue, scrievin compeetitions, talks etc. ==Relationship wi ither Scots leid groups== Syne the CSL gies a space whaur fowk can gie wittins an find oot whit's gaun on, it haes richt freendly relationships wi ither groups an single bodies that's aye dargin tae gie the leid mair o a staundin in ilka day life. Mair speceefically, the CSL wirks wi a reenge o pairtners, amang them can be coontit the ''National Library of Scotland'', the ''Scottish Poetry Library'', the Herald an the Lorimer Trust. ==Staff== *Dr Jamie Fairbairn - Director<ref>[https://www.scotslanguage.com/articles/view/id/6898]</ref> (umwhile: Michael Hance) *Dr. Dauvit Horsbroch - Language an Lair *Avril Nicol - Clerical Assistant *Andy Philip - Politics an Activism *Katrina Macleod - Eddication an Lairnin *Stuart Muddie - Volunteer Information Officer *Duncan Sneddon - Volunteer Information Officer ==References== <references /> ==Fremmit Airtins== *[http://www.scotslanguage.com/ Scots Language Centre] [[Category:Scots leid]] s2xsaggu43w0wg882p20yk8ns6b35vs 920983 920971 2026-08-17T18:50:59Z Munci 6841 eik in links 920983 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Centre for the Scots Leid''' (CSL) is a curn that wirks tae promote the uiss o [[Scots leid|Scots]] an gie information an wittins aboot whit's gaun on in the Scots leid warld. ==History== The CSL wis stairtit in 1994, unner the name o The Scots Language Resource Centre. It cam about frae an ineetiative begoud by the [[Scots Leid Associe]]. They got support frae the Perth Cooncil an a space wis fund for thaim tae hae an office in the AK Bell Librar in Perth, that wis bein biggit at thon time, the office is aye in the same steid the day. The first director o the Centre wis Stuart McHardy. The Buird Convenor wis Chairlie Jones frae the [[Varsity o Edinburgh]]. ==Wabsite== The CSL's wark is tae gaither in an pit oot information aboot Scots an maist o this wark is duin on their wabsite, that haes wittins, airticles, spoken wird recordins, blogs an ithir featurs. Maist o the site is in baith [[Scots leid|Scots]] an [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], tho pairts o it is juist in ane o thir leids, sic as the blogs, that's juist in Scots. Ane o the featurs is the ''Scots Wurd o the Week'', that's taen frae [[the Herald]] Newspaper, an can be heard in a wee soondclip file read by sic fowk as actress Joyce, makar [[Rab Wilson]] an [[Alasdair Allan]] MSP. Mair oot ower the CSL rins an annual programme o its ain online events an featurs. Fowk that's wantin wittins o whit's gaun on in the warld o the Scots leid can sign up tae a mailin list frae the Centre on the wabsite, that sends oot emails ilka month tellin fowk whit's comin in the near an furder aff future, sic as the SLA's Collogue, scrievin compeetitions, talks etc. ==Relationship wi ither Scots leid groups== Syne the CSL gies a space whaur fowk can gie wittins an find oot whit's gaun on, it haes richt freendly relationships wi ither groups an single bodies that's aye dargin tae gie the leid mair o a staundin in ilka day life. Mair speceefically, the CSL wirks wi a reenge o pairtners, amang them can be coontit the ''National Library of Scotland'', the ''Scottish Poetry Library'', the Herald an the Lorimer Trust. ==Staff== *Dr Jamie Fairbairn - Director<ref>[https://www.scotslanguage.com/articles/view/id/6898]</ref> (umwhile: Michael Hance) *Dr. Dauvit Horsbroch - Language an Lair *Avril Nicol - Clerical Assistant *Andy Philip - Politics an Activism *Katrina Macleod - Eddication an Lairnin *Stuart Muddie - Volunteer Information Officer *Duncan Sneddon - Volunteer Information Officer ==References== <references /> ==Fremmit Airtins== *[http://www.scotslanguage.com/ Scots Language Centre] [[Category:Scots leid]] gs5mc0z3ublzzswid84y8y1drfwytw8 920985 920983 2026-08-17T18:56:33Z Munci 6841 /* History */ eik in soorces 920985 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Centre for the Scots Leid''' (CSL) is a curn that wirks tae promote the uiss o [[Scots leid|Scots]] an gie information an wittins aboot whit's gaun on in the Scots leid warld. ==History== The CSL wis stairtit in 1993, unner the name o The Scots Language Resource Centre.<ref>{{cite news |title=In yer ain wirds - What might we lose if we all began to speak like each other? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-19869396 |access-date=8 September 2021 |work=BBC News |date=8 October 2012}}</ref> It cam about frae an ineetiative begoud by the [[Scots Leid Associe]]. They got support frae the [[Perth]] Cooncil an a space wis fund for thaim tae hae an office in the AK Bell Librar in Perth, that wis bein biggit at thon time, the office is aye in the same steid the day. The first director o the Centre wis Stuart McHardy. The Buird Convenor wis Chairlie Jones frae the [[Varsity o Edinburgh]]. In September 2021, the Centre furthset a guide fur writin in the Scots.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Carmichael |first1=Hannah |title=Scots Language Centre to offer new guide in writing in the leid |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19552577.scots-language-centre-offer-new-guide-writing-leid/ |access-date=8 September 2021 |work=The National |agency=Newsquest Media Group |date=2 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ==Wabsite== The CSL's wark is tae gaither in an pit oot information aboot Scots an maist o this wark is duin on their wabsite, that haes wittins, airticles, spoken wird recordins, blogs an ithir featurs. Maist o the site is in baith [[Scots leid|Scots]] an [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], tho pairts o it is juist in ane o thir leids, sic as the blogs, that's juist in Scots. Ane o the featurs is the ''Scots Wurd o the Week'', that's taen frae [[the Herald]] Newspaper, an can be heard in a wee soondclip file read by sic fowk as actress Joyce, makar [[Rab Wilson]] an [[Alasdair Allan]] MSP. Mair oot ower the CSL rins an annual programme o its ain online events an featurs. Fowk that's wantin wittins o whit's gaun on in the warld o the Scots leid can sign up tae a mailin list frae the Centre on the wabsite, that sends oot emails ilka month tellin fowk whit's comin in the near an furder aff future, sic as the SLA's Collogue, scrievin compeetitions, talks etc. ==Relationship wi ither Scots leid groups== Syne the CSL gies a space whaur fowk can gie wittins an find oot whit's gaun on, it haes richt freendly relationships wi ither groups an single bodies that's aye dargin tae gie the leid mair o a staundin in ilka day life. Mair speceefically, the CSL wirks wi a reenge o pairtners, amang them can be coontit the ''National Library of Scotland'', the ''Scottish Poetry Library'', the Herald an the Lorimer Trust. ==Staff== *Dr Jamie Fairbairn - Director<ref>[https://www.scotslanguage.com/articles/view/id/6898]</ref> (umwhile: Michael Hance) *Dr. Dauvit Horsbroch - Language an Lair *Avril Nicol - Clerical Assistant *Andy Philip - Politics an Activism *Katrina Macleod - Eddication an Lairnin *Stuart Muddie - Volunteer Information Officer *Duncan Sneddon - Volunteer Information Officer ==References== <references /> ==Fremmit Airtins== *[http://www.scotslanguage.com/ Scots Language Centre] [[Category:Scots leid]] l7ocxkbfzymnhubh26qfd00i7luhkv0 920986 920985 2026-08-17T19:02:01Z Munci 6841 eik in soorces 920986 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Centre for the Scots Leid''' (CSL) is a curn that wirks tae promuive the uiss o [[Scots leid|Scots]]<ref>{{cite web |accessdate=2020-08-27 |last=Holmes |first=Jonathan |title=Will Siri Ever Learn Scottish? |date=5 Dec 2016 |url=https://www.gizmodo.co.uk/2016/12/will-siri-ever-learn-scottish/ |website=[[Gizmodo|Gizmodo UK]]}}</ref> an gies information an wittins aboot whit's gaun on in the Scots leid warld. ==History== The CSL wis stairtit in 1993, unner the name o The Scots Language Resource Centre.<ref>{{cite news |title=In yer ain wirds - What might we lose if we all began to speak like each other? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-19869396 |access-date=8 September 2021 |work=BBC News |date=8 October 2012}}</ref> It cam about frae an ineetiative begoud by the [[Scots Leid Associe]]. They got support frae the [[Perth]] Cooncil an a space wis fund for thaim tae hae an office in the AK Bell Librar in Perth, that wis bein biggit at thon time, the office is aye in the same steid the day. The first director o the Centre wis Stuart McHardy. The Buird Convenor wis Chairlie Jones frae the [[Varsity o Edinburgh]]. In September 2021, the Centre furthset a guide fur writin in the Scots.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Carmichael |first1=Hannah |title=Scots Language Centre to offer new guide in writing in the leid |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19552577.scots-language-centre-offer-new-guide-writing-leid/ |access-date=8 September 2021 |work=The National |agency=Newsquest Media Group |date=2 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ==Wabsite== The CSL's wark is tae gaither in an pit oot information aboot Scots an maist o this wark is duin on their wabsite, that haes wittins, airticles, spoken wird recordins, blogs an ithir featurs. Maist o the site is in baith [[Scots leid|Scots]] an [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], tho pairts o it is juist in ane o thir leids, sic as the blogs, that's juist in Scots. Ane o the featurs is the ''Scots Wurd o the Week'', that's taen frae the Herald Newspaper, an can be heard in a wee soondclip file read by sic fowk as actress Joyce, makar [[Rab Wilson]] an [[Alasdair Allan]] MSP. Mair oot ower the CSL rins an annual programme o its ain online events an featurs. Fowk that's wantin wittins o whit's gaun on in the warld o the Scots leid can sign up tae a mailin list frae the Centre on the wabsite, that sends oot emails ilka month tellin fowk whit's comin in the near an furder aff future, sic as the SLA's Collogue, scrievin compeetitions, talks etc. ==Relationship wi ither Scots leid groups== Syne the CSL gies a space whaur fowk can gie wittins an find oot whit's gaun on, it haes richt freendly relationships wi ither groups an single bodies that's aye dargin tae gie the leid mair o a staundin in ilka day life. Mair speceefically, the CSL wirks wi a reenge o pairtners, amang them can be coontit the ''National Library of Scotland'', the ''Scottish Poetry Library'', the Herald an the Lorimer Trust. ==Staff== *Dr Jamie Fairbairn - Director<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2026-08-17|title=New Director appyntit |url=https://www.scotslanguage.com/articles/view/id/6898 |website=www.scotslanguage.com}}</ref> (umwhile: Michael Hance, Michael Dempster) *Dr. Dauvit Horsbroch - Language an Lair *Avril Nicol - Clerical Assistant *Andy Philip - Politics an Activism *Katrina Macleod - Eddication an Lairnin *Stuart Muddie - Volunteer Information Officer *Duncan Sneddon - Volunteer Information Officer ==References== <references /> ==Fremmit Airtins== *[http://www.scotslanguage.com/ Scots Language Centre] [[Category:Scots leid]] iufmow56cj2lqlr9do5speqa5lry3nr 0 10249 920907 890811 2026-08-17T16:52:35Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Seoul |official_name = Seoul Special Ceety |other_name = |native_name = 서울 |nickname = |settlement_type = Special Ceety |total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> |motto = |translit_lang1 = &nbsp; |translit_lang1_type1 = Hangul |translit_lang1_info1 = {{linktext|서울}}특별시 |translit_lang1_type2 = Hanja |translit_lang1_info2 = 서울特別市<ref>Syne Seoul haes nae direct equivalent Hanja, the Hangul insteid is uised here. Housomeivver the ceety govrenment designatit the Cheenese [[Hanzi]] name as (首爾; ''Su-i'' in RR Romaja an ''Shǒu'ěr'' pinyin).</ref> |translit_lang1_type3 = {{nowrap|Revised Romanization}} |translit_lang1_info3 = Seoul Teukbyeolsi |translit_lang1_type4 = {{nowrap|McCune-Reischauer}} |translit_lang1_info4 = Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi |image_skyline = Seoul sykline.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = Seoul skyline | image_flag = Flag of Seoul.svg | flag_size = | image_seal = Seal of Seoul, South Korea.svg | seal_size = | image_shield = Logo of Seoul, South Korea.svg | shield_size = |image_map = Seoul SK.png |mapsize = |map_caption = Map o Sooth Korea wi Seoul heichlichtit |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = South Korea |pushpin_label_position = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |pushpin_map_caption = Location o Seoul in Sooth Korea |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Sooth Korea}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Regions o Korea|Region]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |seat_type = |seat = |parts_type = Destricts |parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format) Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--> |parts = 25<!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> |p1 = [[Dobong-gu]] (도봉구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|道|峰|區}}}}) |p2 = [[Dongdaemun-gu]] (동대문구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|東|大|門|區}}}}) |p3 = [[Dongjak-gu]] (동작구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|銅|雀|區}}}}) |p4 = [[Eunpyeong-gu]] (은평구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|恩|平|區}}}}) |p5 = [[Gangbuk-gu]] (강북구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|北|區}}}}) |p6 = [[Gangdong-gu]] (강동구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|東|區}}}}) |p7 = [[Gangnam-gu]] (강남구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|南|區}}}}) |p8 = [[Gangseo-gu, Seoul|Gangseo-gu]] (강서구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|西|區}}}}) |p9 = [[Geumcheon-gu]] (금천구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|衿|川|區}}}}) |p10 = [[Guro-gu]] (구로구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|九|老|區}}}}) |p11 = [[Gwanak-gu]] (관악구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|冠|岳|區}}}}) |p12 = [[Gwangjin-gu]] (광진구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|廣|津|區}}}}) |p13 = [[Jongno-gu]] (종로구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|鍾|路|區}}}}) |p14 = [[Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung-gu]] (중구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|中|區}}}}) |p15 = [[Jungnang-gu]] (중랑구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|中|浪|區}}}}) |p16 = [[Mapo-gu]] (마포구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|麻|浦|區}}}}) |p17 = [[Nowon-gu]] (노원구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|蘆|原|區}}}}) |p18 = [[Seocho-gu]] (서초구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|瑞|草|區}}}}) |p19 = [[Seodaemun-gu]] (서대문구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|西|大|門|區}}}}) |p20 = [[Seongbuk-gu]] (성북구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|城|北|區}}}}) |p21 = [[Seongdong-gu]] (성동구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|城|東|區}}}}) |p22 = [[Songpa-gu]] (송파구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|松|坡|區}}}}) |p23 = [[Yangcheon-gu]] (양천구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|陽|川|區}}}}) |p24 = [[Yeongdeungpo-gu]] (영등포구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|永|登|浦|區}}}}) |p25 = [[Yongsan-gu]] (용산구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|龍|山|區}}}}) |government_footnotes = |government_type = [[Seoul Metropolitan Govrenment]]<br />[[Mayor–cooncil govrenment|Mayor-Cooncil]] |leader_party = [[Democratic Unitit Pairty|Democratic Unitit]] |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = [[Park Won-soon]] |leader_title1 = Cooncil |leader_name1 = [[Seoul Metropolitan Cooncil]] |leader_title2 = National Representation<br />&nbsp;-&nbsp;[[National Assembly o Sooth Korea|Naitional Assembly]] |leader_name2 = {{Infobox political party/seats|48|300}} 16.0% (Total Seats)<br />{{Infobox political party/seats|48|246}}19.5% (Constituency Seats)<br />{{Collapsible list |title = <!-- Romanization as found on http://www.assembly.go.kr --> |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |title_style = |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; |1=[[Dobong-gu]] Gap district<br />[[In Jae Keun]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |2=[[Dobong-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Yoo Ihn-tae]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |3=[[Dongdaemun-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Ahn Gyu Baek]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |4=[[Dongdaemun-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Min Byung Doo]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |5=[[Dongjak-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Jun Byung-Hun]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |6=[[Dongjak-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Chung Mong-Joon|Chung Mong Joon]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |7=[[Eunpyeong-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Lee Mi Kyung]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |8=[[Eunpyeong-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Lee Jae Oh]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |9=[[Gangbuk-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Oh Young-Sik]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |10=[[Gangbuk-gu]] Eul district<br />[[You Dae Woon]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |11=[[Gangdong-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Shin Dong-Woo]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |12=[[Gangdong-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Shim Jae Kwon]]<br/>([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |13=[[Gangnam-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Shim Yoon Joe]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |14=[[Gangnam-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Kim Jong Hoon]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |15=[[Gangseo-gu, Seoul|Gangseo-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Shin Ki-Nam]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |16=[[Gangseo-gu, Seoul|Gangseo-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Kim Sung Tae]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |17=[[Geumcheon-gu]] district<br />[[Rhee Mok Hee]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |18=[[Guro-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Lee In-Young]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |19=[[Guro-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Park Young-Sun]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |20=[[Gwanak-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Yoo Ki Hong]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |21=[[Gwanak-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Lee Sang Kyu]]<br />([[Unified Progressive Party Unified Progressive]]) |22=[[Gwangjin-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Kim Han Gil]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |23=[[Gwangjin-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Choo Mi Ae]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |24=[[Jongno-gu]] district<br />[[Chung Sye-Kyun]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |25=[[Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung-gu]] district<br />[[Chyung Hojoon]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |26=[[Jungnang-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Seo Young Kyo]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |27=[[Jungnang-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Park Hong Keun]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |28=[[Mapo-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Noh Woong Rae]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |29=[[Mapo-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Jung Cheong Rae]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |30=[[Nowon-gu]] Gap destrict<br />[[Lee No Keun]]<br />([[Saenuri Pairty|Saenuri]]) |31=[[Nowon-gu]] Eul destrict<br />[[Woo Won-Shik]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |32=[[Nowon-gu]] Byeong district<br />[[Roh Hoe Chan]]<br />([[Unified Progressive Party|Unified Progressive]]) |33=[[Seocho-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Kim Hoe Sun]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |34=[[Seocho-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Kang Seoghoon]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |35=[[Seodaemun-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Woo Sang Ho]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |36=[[Seodaemun-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Chung Doo-un|Chung Doo-Un]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |37=[[Seongbuk-gu]] Gap district<br />[[You Seung-Hee]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |38=[[Seongbuk-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Shin Geh-Ryoon]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |39=[[Seongdong-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Choi Jae Cheon]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |40=[[Seongdong-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Hong Ihk Pyo]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |41=[[Songpa-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Park In-Sook]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |42=[[Songpa-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Yoo Il Ho]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |43=[[Songpa-gu]] Byeong district<br />[[Kim Eul Dong]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |44=[[Yangcheon-Gu]] Gap district<br />[[Kil Jeong Woo]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |45=[[Yangcheon-Gu]] Eul district<br />[[Kim Yongtae]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |46=[[Yeongdeungpo-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Kim Young Joo]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |47=[[Yeongdeungpo-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Shin Kyoung Min]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |48=[[Yongsan-gu]] district<br />[[Chin Young]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) }} |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title1 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date1 = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |founder = |named_for = |area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink --> |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric--> |area_footnotes = <ref name="seoul1">{{cite web|url=http://stat.seoul.go.kr/Seoul_System5.jsp?stc_cd=412|title=Seoul Statistics (Land Area)|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|accessdate=24 March 2010}}</ref> |area_total_km2 = 605.21 <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use<ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_max_m = |elevation_min_m = | population_total = 9,733,509 | population_as_of = 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mois.go.kr/frt/sub/a05/totStat/screen.do |script-title=ko:행정안전부> 정책자료> 통계> 주민등록 인구통계 |author={{lang|ko|행정안전부}} |website=www.mois.go.kr |title=Archived copy |access-date=18 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420175139/http://www.mois.go.kr/frt/sub/a05/totStat/screen.do |archive-date=20 April 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto |population_blank1_title= [[Demonym]] |population_blank1 = 서울 사람 (Seoul saram), 서울시민 (Seoul-simin), Seoulite |population_blank2_title= Dialect |population_blank2 = [[Gyeonggi dialect|Gyeonggi]] |population_density_blank1_km2 = |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = | coor_pinpoint = <!-- can be used to specify exactly where/what the coordinates refer to --> |coordinates = {{coord|37|33|59.53|N|126|58|40.69|E|region:KR|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |twin1 = |twin1_country = |twin2 = |twin2_country = |twin3 = |twin3_country = |twin4 = |twin4_country = |twin5 = |twin5_country = |twin6 = |twin6_country = |twin7 = |twin7_country = |blank_name = Bird |blank_info = [[Korean Magpie]] |blank1_name = Colour |blank1_info = Seoul Reid<ref name="Seoul Metropolitan Government">{{cite web|title=Color|url=http://www.seoul.go.kr/v2012/seoul/symbol/color.html}}</ref> |blank2_name = Flouer |blank2_info = [[Forsythia]] |blank3_name = Font |blank3_info = Seoul fonts ([[Han River (Korea)|Han River]] an ([[Namsan (Seoul)]]|Namsan)) |blank4_name = Mascot |blank4_info = Haechi |blank5_name = Slogan |blank5_info = “함께 만드는 서울, 함께 누리는 서울”(Literally "Seoul We Create Together, Seoul We Enjoy Together") |blank6_name = Sang |blank6_info = "서울의 빛" ("The Lichts o Seoul") |blank7_name = Tree |blank7_info = [[Ginkgo biloba|Ginkgo]] |website = [http://english.seoul.go.kr/ seoul.go.kr] |footnotes = }} '''Seoul''' ({{lang-ko|서울}}, ''Seoul'', pronoonced {{IPA-ko|sʌul||ko-Seoul.ogg}}<!--please do not repeat info already in infobox, e.g. Korean: 서울-->), offeecially the '''Seoul Special Ceety''' ({{lang-ko|서울특별시}}, ''Seoul Teukbyeolsi''), is the [[caipital ceety|caipital]] an lairgest [[ceety]] o [[Republic o Korea|Sooth Korea]]. A [[megaceety]] wi a population o ower 10 million, it is ane o the [[Leet o cities proper by population|lairgest ceeties in the warld]].<ref name="CitypopKoreaSouth">[http://www.citypopulation.de/KoreaSouth-MunRegPop.html Thomas Brinkhoff, www.citypopulation.de; South Korea, The registered population of the South Korean provinces and urban municipalities] Registered population 2007-12-31. Retrieved on</ref> The [[Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie]] is the warld's [[Leet o metropolitan auries bi population|seicont lairgest metropolitan aurie]] wi ower 24.5 million indwallers, whit includes the [[Incheon]] metropolis an maist o [[Gyeonggi-do|Gyeonggi]] province.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.index.go.kr/egams/stts/jsp/potal/stts/PO_STTS_IdxMain.jsp?idx_cd=1005&idx_kornm=%EC%88%98%EB%8F%84%EA%B6%8C%20%EC%A7%91%EC%A4%91%ED%98%84%ED%99%A9-%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC |title=나라지표:수도권 인구 집중 현황 |publisher=Index.go.kr |date= |accessdate=}}</ref> Amaist hauf o Sooth Korea's population bide in the Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie, an nearly a quarter in Seoul itsel, makkin it the kintra's foremaist [[economic]], [[poleetical]], an [[cultural]] centre. Seoul haes been a major dounset for ower 2,000 year, wi its foondation datin back tae 18 [[Anno Domini|B.C.]] whan [[Baekje]], ane o the [[Three Kinricks o Korea]], establisht its caipital in whit is nou sooth-east Seoul. It continued as the caipital o [[Korea]] durin the [[Joseon Dynasty]] an the [[Korean Empire]]. The Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie is hame tae fower [[UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid]]s: [[Changdeokgung]], [[Hwaseong Fortress]], [[Jongmyo|Jongmyo Shrine]] an the [[Ryal Tombs o the Joseon Dynasty]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/kr|title=Lists: Republic of Korea |publisher=[[UNESCO]]|accessdate=}}</ref> The day, Seoul is considered tae be a leadin [[global ceety]], rankin amang the tap ten global ceeties in the [[Global ceety|Global Ceeties Index]] of 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4509&page=1 |title=The 2008 Global Cities Index |publisher=Foreign Policy |date= |accessdate= |archive-date=2010-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110131155/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4509&page=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is ane o the warld's tap ten [[financial]] an [[commerce|commercial]] centres,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citymayors.com/economics/financial-cities.html |title=Citgy Mayors: World's best financial cities |publisher=Citymayors.com |date= |accessdate=}}</ref> hame tae major [[multinaitional]] [[conglomerate (company)|conglomerates]]<ref>See [[Leet o companies bi revenue]].</ref> sic as [[Samsung]], [[LG]] an [[Hyundai Kia Automotive Group|Hyundai-Kia]]. In 2008, Seoul wis named the warld's saxt maist economically pouerful ceety bi ''[[Forbes]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/2008/07/15/economic-growth-gdp-biz-cx_jz_0715powercities_slide_7.html?thisSpeed=15000 |title=In Pictures: World's Most Economically Powerful Cities |publisher=Forbes.com |date= |accessdate=}}</ref> Seoul haes a hiechlie technologically advanced [[infrastructure]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=25697|title=KOREA: Future is now for Korean info-tech|publisher=Regents of the University of California|work=AsiaMedia|date=14 June 2005|accessdate=|archive-date=2012-02-05|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65DEfGFaf?url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=25697|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/technology/tech-capitals-of-the-world/2007/06/16/1181414598292.html |title=Tech capitals of the world - Technology |publisher=theage.com.au |date= |accessdate=}}</ref> Its [[Digital Media Ceety]] is the warld's first complex for [[information technology|IT]] an [[multimedia]] applications.<ref>[http://dmc.seoul.go.kr/english/jsp/about/overview.jsp ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616152724/http://dmc.seoul.go.kr/english/jsp/about/overview.jsp |date=2004-06-16 }}</ref> Seoul wis the first ceety tae featur [[Digital Multimedia Broadcasting|DMB]], a digital [[mobile TV]] technology an [[WiBro]], a wireless hie-speed [[mobile internet]] service. It haes a fast, hie-penetration 100Mbps [[fibre-optic]] broadband netwirk, that is bein upgradit tae 1Gbps bi 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engadget.com/2009/02/02/south-koreans-could-see-1gbps-web-connections-by-2012/ |title=South Koreans could see 1Gbps web connections by 2012 |publisher=Engadget |date= |accessdate=}}</ref> [[Seoul Station]] hooses the 350&nbsp;km/h [[Korea Train Express|KTX]] [[bullet train]] an the [[Seoul Subway]] is the third lairgest in the warld, wi ower 200 million passengers ivery year.<ref>See [[Metro seestems bi annual passenger rides]].</ref> Seoul is connectit via [[AREX]] tae [[Incheon Internaitional Airport]], rated as the best airport in the warld bi [[Airports Council International]]. Seoul hostit the [[1988 Simmer Olympics]] an the [[2002 FIFA Warld Cup]]. The ceety wis named the [[Warld Design Caipital]] for 2010 bi the [[Internaitional Cooncil o Societies o Industrial Design]] an hostit the [[2010 G-20 Seoul summit]]. ==Internaitional relations== {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Sooth Korea}} ===Twin touns — Sister ceeties=== Seoul haes mony [[twin touns an sister ceeties]] aroond the warld:^{[in [[chronology|chronological]] order]}<ref name="Seoul">{{cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|author=Seul Metropolitan Government|title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities|access-date=2010-12-06|archive-date=2007-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210175055/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| cellpadding="10" |- valign="top" | *{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] (1960) *{{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]] (1968) *{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Ankara]], [[Turkey]] (1971) *{{flagicon|Guam}} [[Guam]], [[United States|U.S.]] territory (1973) *{{flagicon|United States}} [[Honolulu]], [[Unitit States]] (1973) *{{flagicon|United States}} [[San Francisco]], [[Unitit States]] (1976) *{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]] (1977)<ref name="São Paulo">[http://www2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/ingles/descentralized_cooperation/sister_cities/0001 Prefeitura.Sp - Descentralized Cooperation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224222805/http://www2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/ingles/descentralized_cooperation/sister_cities/0001 |date=2008-12-24 }}</ref><ref name="São Paulo2">{{cite web|url=http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/cidadesirmas/index.php?p=1066 |title=International Relations - São Paulo City Hall - Official Sister Cities |publisher=Prefeitura.sp.gov.br |date= |accessdate=}}</ref> *{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Tehran]], [[Iran]] (1977)<ref>[http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200707/200707110009.html The Many Lives of Tehran Road]{{Dead link|date=May 2010}}</ref> *{{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Bogotá]], [[Colombie]] (1982) *{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesie]] (1984) *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] (1988) *{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]] (1991) || *{{flagicon|Australia}} [[New Sooth Wales]], [[Australie]] state (1991) *{{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], [[Fraunce]] (1991) *{{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] (1992) *{{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Caracas]], [[Venezuela]] (1992) *{{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Tegucigalpa]], [[Honduras]] *{{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico Ceety]], [[Mexico]] (1993) *{{flagicon|Mongolia}} [[Ulan Bator]], [[Mongolie]] (1995) *{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Hanoi]], [[Vietnam]] (1996) *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]] (1996)<ref name="Warsaw">{{cite web |author= |url=http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&ak_id=3284&kat=11 |title=Miasta partnerskie Warszawy |work=um.warszawa.pl |publisher=Biuro Promocji Miasta |pages= |page= |date= |accessdate= |archive-date=2007-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011111033/http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&ak_id=3284&kat=11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]], [[Egyp]] (1997) *{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Ottawa]], [[Canadae]] (1997) || *{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Roum]], [[Italy]] (2000) *{{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Astana]], [[Kazakhstan]] (2004) *{{flagicon|Greece}} [[Athens]], [[Greece]] (2006) *{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] (2006) *{{flagicon|United States}} [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Unitit States]] (2006) *{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Vancouver]], [[Canadae]] (2007) *{{flagicon|India}} [[Mumbai]], [[Indie]] (2009) *{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Bau-Bau]], [[Indonesie]] (2010) *{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]] *{{flagicon|Albania}} [[Tirana]], [[Albanie]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |title=International Relations |format=PDF |date= |accessdate= |archive-date=2008-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216035358/http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Seoul| ]] [[Category:Caipitals in Asie]] [[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] [[Category:Special Ceeties an Metropolitan Ceeties o Sooth Korea]] {{Stub/Asie}} {{Stub/Ceety}} rt4evgqy8zo5ioh8cq9wyc23ay73j02 921047 920907 2026-08-17T23:43:15Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Seoul |official_name = Seoul Special Ceety |native_name = 서울 |settlement_type = Special Ceety |translit_lang1 = &nbsp; |translit_lang1_type1 = Hangul |translit_lang1_info1 = {{linktext|서울}}특별시 |translit_lang1_type2 = Hanja |translit_lang1_info2 = 서울特別市<ref>Syne Seoul haes nae direct equivalent Hanja, the Hangul insteid is uised here. Housomeivver the ceety govrenment designatit the Cheenese [[Hanzi]] name as (首爾; ''Su-i'' in RR Romaja an ''Shǒu'ěr'' pinyin).</ref> |translit_lang1_type3 = {{nowrap|Revised Romanization}} |translit_lang1_info3 = Seoul Teukbyeolsi |translit_lang1_type4 = {{nowrap|McCune-Reischauer}} |translit_lang1_info4 = Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi |image_skyline = Seoul sykline.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = Seoul skyline | image_flag = Flag of Seoul.svg | image_seal = Seal of Seoul, South Korea.svg | image_shield = Logo of Seoul, South Korea.svg |image_map = Seoul SK.png |map_caption = Map o Sooth Korea wi Seoul heichlichtit |pushpin_map = South Korea |pushpin_map_caption = Location o Seoul in Sooth Korea |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Sooth Korea}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Regions o Korea|Region]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie]] |parts_type = Destricts |parts = 25 |p1 = [[Dobong-gu]] (도봉구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|道|峰|區}}}}) |p2 = [[Dongdaemun-gu]] (동대문구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|東|大|門|區}}}}) |p3 = [[Dongjak-gu]] (동작구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|銅|雀|區}}}}) |p4 = [[Eunpyeong-gu]] (은평구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|恩|平|區}}}}) |p5 = [[Gangbuk-gu]] (강북구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|北|區}}}}) |p6 = [[Gangdong-gu]] (강동구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|東|區}}}}) |p7 = [[Gangnam-gu]] (강남구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|南|區}}}}) |p8 = [[Gangseo-gu, Seoul|Gangseo-gu]] (강서구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|西|區}}}}) |p9 = [[Geumcheon-gu]] (금천구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|衿|川|區}}}}) |p10 = [[Guro-gu]] (구로구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|九|老|區}}}}) |p11 = [[Gwanak-gu]] (관악구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|冠|岳|區}}}}) |p12 = [[Gwangjin-gu]] (광진구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|廣|津|區}}}}) |p13 = [[Jongno-gu]] (종로구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|鍾|路|區}}}}) |p14 = [[Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung-gu]] (중구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|中|區}}}}) |p15 = [[Jungnang-gu]] (중랑구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|中|浪|區}}}}) |p16 = [[Mapo-gu]] (마포구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|麻|浦|區}}}}) |p17 = [[Nowon-gu]] (노원구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|蘆|原|區}}}}) |p18 = [[Seocho-gu]] (서초구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|瑞|草|區}}}}) |p19 = [[Seodaemun-gu]] (서대문구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|西|大|門|區}}}}) |p20 = [[Seongbuk-gu]] (성북구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|城|北|區}}}}) |p21 = [[Seongdong-gu]] (성동구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|城|東|區}}}}) |p22 = [[Songpa-gu]] (송파구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|松|坡|區}}}}) |p23 = [[Yangcheon-gu]] (양천구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|陽|川|區}}}}) |p24 = [[Yeongdeungpo-gu]] (영등포구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|永|登|浦|區}}}}) |p25 = [[Yongsan-gu]] (용산구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|龍|山|區}}}}) |government_type = [[Seoul Metropolitan Govrenment]]<br />[[Mayor–cooncil govrenment|Mayor-Cooncil]] |leader_party = [[Democratic Unitit Pairty|Democratic Unitit]] |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = [[Park Won-soon]] |leader_title1 = Cooncil |leader_name1 = [[Seoul Metropolitan Cooncil]] |leader_title2 = National Representation<br />&nbsp;-&nbsp;[[National Assembly o Sooth Korea|Naitional Assembly]] |leader_name2 = {{Infobox political party/seats|48|300}} 16.0% (Total Seats)<br />{{Infobox political party/seats|48|246}}19.5% (Constituency Seats)<br />{{Collapsible list |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; |1=[[Dobong-gu]] Gap district<br />[[In Jae Keun]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |2=[[Dobong-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Yoo Ihn-tae]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |3=[[Dongdaemun-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Ahn Gyu Baek]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |4=[[Dongdaemun-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Min Byung Doo]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |5=[[Dongjak-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Jun Byung-Hun]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |6=[[Dongjak-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Chung Mong-Joon|Chung Mong Joon]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |7=[[Eunpyeong-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Lee Mi Kyung]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |8=[[Eunpyeong-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Lee Jae Oh]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |9=[[Gangbuk-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Oh Young-Sik]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |10=[[Gangbuk-gu]] Eul district<br />[[You Dae Woon]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |11=[[Gangdong-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Shin Dong-Woo]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |12=[[Gangdong-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Shim Jae Kwon]]<br/>([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |13=[[Gangnam-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Shim Yoon Joe]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |14=[[Gangnam-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Kim Jong Hoon]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |15=[[Gangseo-gu, Seoul|Gangseo-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Shin Ki-Nam]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |16=[[Gangseo-gu, Seoul|Gangseo-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Kim Sung Tae]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |17=[[Geumcheon-gu]] district<br />[[Rhee Mok Hee]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |18=[[Guro-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Lee In-Young]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |19=[[Guro-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Park Young-Sun]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |20=[[Gwanak-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Yoo Ki Hong]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |21=[[Gwanak-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Lee Sang Kyu]]<br />([[Unified Progressive Party Unified Progressive]]) |22=[[Gwangjin-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Kim Han Gil]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |23=[[Gwangjin-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Choo Mi Ae]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |24=[[Jongno-gu]] district<br />[[Chung Sye-Kyun]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |25=[[Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung-gu]] district<br />[[Chyung Hojoon]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |26=[[Jungnang-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Seo Young Kyo]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |27=[[Jungnang-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Park Hong Keun]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |28=[[Mapo-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Noh Woong Rae]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |29=[[Mapo-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Jung Cheong Rae]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |30=[[Nowon-gu]] Gap destrict<br />[[Lee No Keun]]<br />([[Saenuri Pairty|Saenuri]]) |31=[[Nowon-gu]] Eul destrict<br />[[Woo Won-Shik]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |32=[[Nowon-gu]] Byeong district<br />[[Roh Hoe Chan]]<br />([[Unified Progressive Party|Unified Progressive]]) |33=[[Seocho-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Kim Hoe Sun]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |34=[[Seocho-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Kang Seoghoon]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |35=[[Seodaemun-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Woo Sang Ho]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |36=[[Seodaemun-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Chung Doo-un|Chung Doo-Un]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |37=[[Seongbuk-gu]] Gap district<br />[[You Seung-Hee]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |38=[[Seongbuk-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Shin Geh-Ryoon]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |39=[[Seongdong-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Choi Jae Cheon]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |40=[[Seongdong-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Hong Ihk Pyo]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |41=[[Songpa-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Park In-Sook]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |42=[[Songpa-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Yoo Il Ho]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |43=[[Songpa-gu]] Byeong district<br />[[Kim Eul Dong]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |44=[[Yangcheon-Gu]] Gap district<br />[[Kil Jeong Woo]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |45=[[Yangcheon-Gu]] Eul district<br />[[Kim Yongtae]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) |46=[[Yeongdeungpo-gu]] Gap district<br />[[Kim Young Joo]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |47=[[Yeongdeungpo-gu]] Eul district<br />[[Shin Kyoung Min]]<br />([[Democratic United Party|Democratic United]]) |48=[[Yongsan-gu]] district<br />[[Chin Young]]<br />([[Saenuri Party|Saenuri]]) }} |area_footnotes = <ref name="seoul1">{{cite web|url=http://stat.seoul.go.kr/Seoul_System5.jsp?stc_cd=412|title=Seoul Statistics (Land Area)|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|accessdate=24 March 2010}}</ref> |area_total_km2 = 605.21 | population_total = 9,733,509 | population_as_of = 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mois.go.kr/frt/sub/a05/totStat/screen.do |script-title=ko:행정안전부> 정책자료> 통계> 주민등록 인구통계 |author={{lang|ko|행정안전부}} |website=www.mois.go.kr |title=Archived copy |access-date=18 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420175139/http://www.mois.go.kr/frt/sub/a05/totStat/screen.do |archive-date=20 April 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto |population_blank1_title= [[Demonym]] |population_blank1 = 서울 사람 (Seoul saram), 서울시민 (Seoul-simin), Seoulite |population_blank2_title= Dialect |population_blank2 = [[Gyeonggi dialect|Gyeonggi]] |coordinates = {{coord|37|33|59.53|N|126|58|40.69|E|region:KR|display=inline,title}} |blank_name = Bird |blank_info = [[Korean Magpie]] |blank1_name = Colour |blank1_info = Seoul Reid<ref name="Seoul Metropolitan Government">{{cite web|title=Color|url=http://www.seoul.go.kr/v2012/seoul/symbol/color.html}}</ref> |blank2_name = Flouer |blank2_info = [[Forsythia]] |blank3_name = Font |blank3_info = Seoul fonts ([[Han River (Korea)|Han River]] an ([[Namsan (Seoul)]]|Namsan)) |blank4_name = Mascot |blank4_info = Haechi |blank5_name = Slogan |blank5_info = “함께 만드는 서울, 함께 누리는 서울”(Literally "Seoul We Create Together, Seoul We Enjoy Together") |blank6_name = Sang |blank6_info = "서울의 빛" ("The Lichts o Seoul") |blank7_name = Tree |blank7_info = [[Ginkgo biloba|Ginkgo]] |website = [http://english.seoul.go.kr/ seoul.go.kr] }} '''Seoul''' ({{lang-ko|서울}}, ''Seoul'', pronoonced {{IPA-ko|sʌul||ko-Seoul.ogg}}<!--please do not repeat info already in infobox, e.g. Korean: 서울-->), offeecially the '''Seoul Special Ceety''' ({{lang-ko|서울특별시}}, ''Seoul Teukbyeolsi''), is the [[caipital ceety|caipital]] an lairgest [[ceety]] o [[Republic o Korea|Sooth Korea]]. A [[megaceety]] wi a population o ower 10 million, it is ane o the [[Leet o cities proper by population|lairgest ceeties in the warld]].<ref name="CitypopKoreaSouth">[http://www.citypopulation.de/KoreaSouth-MunRegPop.html Thomas Brinkhoff, www.citypopulation.de; South Korea, The registered population of the South Korean provinces and urban municipalities] Registered population 2007-12-31. Retrieved on</ref> The [[Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie]] is the warld's [[Leet o metropolitan auries bi population|seicont lairgest metropolitan aurie]] wi ower 24.5 million indwallers, whit includes the [[Incheon]] metropolis an maist o [[Gyeonggi-do|Gyeonggi]] province.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.index.go.kr/egams/stts/jsp/potal/stts/PO_STTS_IdxMain.jsp?idx_cd=1005&idx_kornm=%EC%88%98%EB%8F%84%EA%B6%8C%20%EC%A7%91%EC%A4%91%ED%98%84%ED%99%A9-%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC |title=나라지표:수도권 인구 집중 현황 |publisher=Index.go.kr |date= |accessdate=}}</ref> Amaist hauf o Sooth Korea's population bide in the Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie, an nearly a quarter in Seoul itsel, makkin it the kintra's foremaist [[economic]], [[poleetical]], an [[cultural]] centre. Seoul haes been a major dounset for ower 2,000 year, wi its foondation datin back tae 18 [[Anno Domini|B.C.]] whan [[Baekje]], ane o the [[Three Kinricks o Korea]], establisht its caipital in whit is nou sooth-east Seoul. It continued as the caipital o [[Korea]] durin the [[Joseon Dynasty]] an the [[Korean Empire]]. The Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie is hame tae fower [[UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid]]s: [[Changdeokgung]], [[Hwaseong Fortress]], [[Jongmyo|Jongmyo Shrine]] an the [[Ryal Tombs o the Joseon Dynasty]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/kr|title=Lists: Republic of Korea |publisher=[[UNESCO]]|accessdate=}}</ref> The day, Seoul is considered tae be a leadin [[global ceety]], rankin amang the tap ten global ceeties in the [[Global ceety|Global Ceeties Index]] of 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4509&page=1 |title=The 2008 Global Cities Index |publisher=Foreign Policy |date= |accessdate= |archive-date=2010-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110131155/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4509&page=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is ane o the warld's tap ten [[financial]] an [[commerce|commercial]] centres,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citymayors.com/economics/financial-cities.html |title=Citgy Mayors: World's best financial cities |publisher=Citymayors.com |date= |accessdate=}}</ref> hame tae major [[multinaitional]] [[conglomerate (company)|conglomerates]]<ref>See [[Leet o companies bi revenue]].</ref> sic as [[Samsung]], [[LG]] an [[Hyundai Kia Automotive Group|Hyundai-Kia]]. In 2008, Seoul wis named the warld's saxt maist economically pouerful ceety bi ''[[Forbes]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/2008/07/15/economic-growth-gdp-biz-cx_jz_0715powercities_slide_7.html?thisSpeed=15000 |title=In Pictures: World's Most Economically Powerful Cities |publisher=Forbes.com |date= |accessdate=}}</ref> Seoul haes a hiechlie technologically advanced [[infrastructure]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=25697|title=KOREA: Future is now for Korean info-tech|publisher=Regents of the University of California|work=AsiaMedia|date=14 June 2005|accessdate=|archive-date=2012-02-05|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65DEfGFaf?url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=25697|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/technology/tech-capitals-of-the-world/2007/06/16/1181414598292.html |title=Tech capitals of the world - Technology |publisher=theage.com.au |date= |accessdate=}}</ref> Its [[Digital Media Ceety]] is the warld's first complex for [[information technology|IT]] an [[multimedia]] applications.<ref>[http://dmc.seoul.go.kr/english/jsp/about/overview.jsp ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616152724/http://dmc.seoul.go.kr/english/jsp/about/overview.jsp |date=2004-06-16 }}</ref> Seoul wis the first ceety tae featur [[Digital Multimedia Broadcasting|DMB]], a digital [[mobile TV]] technology an [[WiBro]], a wireless hie-speed [[mobile internet]] service. It haes a fast, hie-penetration 100Mbps [[fibre-optic]] broadband netwirk, that is bein upgradit tae 1Gbps bi 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engadget.com/2009/02/02/south-koreans-could-see-1gbps-web-connections-by-2012/ |title=South Koreans could see 1Gbps web connections by 2012 |publisher=Engadget |date= |accessdate=}}</ref> [[Seoul Station]] hooses the 350&nbsp;km/h [[Korea Train Express|KTX]] [[bullet train]] an the [[Seoul Subway]] is the third lairgest in the warld, wi ower 200 million passengers ivery year.<ref>See [[Metro seestems bi annual passenger rides]].</ref> Seoul is connectit via [[AREX]] tae [[Incheon Internaitional Airport]], rated as the best airport in the warld bi [[Airports Council International]]. Seoul hostit the [[1988 Simmer Olympics]] an the [[2002 FIFA Warld Cup]]. The ceety wis named the [[Warld Design Caipital]] for 2010 bi the [[Internaitional Cooncil o Societies o Industrial Design]] an hostit the [[2010 G-20 Seoul summit]]. ==Internaitional relations== {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Sooth Korea}} ===Twin touns — Sister ceeties=== Seoul haes mony [[twin touns an sister ceeties]] aroond the warld:^{[in [[chronology|chronological]] order]}<ref name="Seoul">{{cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|author=Seul Metropolitan Government|title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities|access-date=2010-12-06|archive-date=2007-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210175055/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| cellpadding="10" |- valign="top" | *{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] (1960) *{{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]] (1968) *{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Ankara]], [[Turkey]] (1971) *{{flagicon|Guam}} [[Guam]], [[United States|U.S.]] territory (1973) *{{flagicon|United States}} [[Honolulu]], [[Unitit States]] (1973) *{{flagicon|United States}} [[San Francisco]], [[Unitit States]] (1976) *{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]] (1977)<ref name="São Paulo">[http://www2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/ingles/descentralized_cooperation/sister_cities/0001 Prefeitura.Sp - Descentralized Cooperation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224222805/http://www2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/ingles/descentralized_cooperation/sister_cities/0001 |date=2008-12-24 }}</ref><ref name="São Paulo2">{{cite web|url=http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/cidadesirmas/index.php?p=1066 |title=International Relations - São Paulo City Hall - Official Sister Cities |publisher=Prefeitura.sp.gov.br |date= |accessdate=}}</ref> *{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Tehran]], [[Iran]] (1977)<ref>[http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200707/200707110009.html The Many Lives of Tehran Road]{{Dead link|date=May 2010}}</ref> *{{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Bogotá]], [[Colombie]] (1982) *{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesie]] (1984) *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] (1988) *{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]] (1991) || *{{flagicon|Australia}} [[New Sooth Wales]], [[Australie]] state (1991) *{{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], [[Fraunce]] (1991) *{{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] (1992) *{{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Caracas]], [[Venezuela]] (1992) *{{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Tegucigalpa]], [[Honduras]] *{{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico Ceety]], [[Mexico]] (1993) *{{flagicon|Mongolia}} [[Ulan Bator]], [[Mongolie]] (1995) *{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Hanoi]], [[Vietnam]] (1996) *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]] (1996)<ref name="Warsaw">{{cite web |author= |url=http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&ak_id=3284&kat=11 |title=Miasta partnerskie Warszawy |work=um.warszawa.pl |publisher=Biuro Promocji Miasta |pages= |page= |date= |accessdate= |archive-date=2007-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011111033/http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&ak_id=3284&kat=11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]], [[Egyp]] (1997) *{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Ottawa]], [[Canadae]] (1997) || *{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Roum]], [[Italy]] (2000) *{{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Astana]], [[Kazakhstan]] (2004) *{{flagicon|Greece}} [[Athens]], [[Greece]] (2006) *{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] (2006) *{{flagicon|United States}} [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Unitit States]] (2006) *{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Vancouver]], [[Canadae]] (2007) *{{flagicon|India}} [[Mumbai]], [[Indie]] (2009) *{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Bau-Bau]], [[Indonesie]] (2010) *{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]] *{{flagicon|Albania}} [[Tirana]], [[Albanie]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |title=International Relations |format=PDF |date= |accessdate= |archive-date=2008-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216035358/http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Seoul| ]] [[Category:Caipitals in Asie]] [[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] [[Category:Special Ceeties an Metropolitan Ceeties o Sooth Korea]] {{Stub/Asie}} {{Stub/Ceety}} 5qcez1e5zp7376l3uuoxyx8ox0asv4j 0 10511 920895 898054 2026-08-17T16:32:51Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox former country |native_name=Союз Советских Социалистических Республик<br />''Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik'' |conventional_long_name=Union o Soviet Socialist Republics <br />Ither names |common_name=Soviet Union (USSR) |continent=Eurasie |era= Interwar stoond / [[World War II]] / [[Cauld War]] |government_type= [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninist]] [[single-pairty state]] |year_start = 1922 |year_end = 1991<ref>[[:s:ru:Декларация Совета Республик ВС СССР от 26.12.1991 № 142-Н|Declaration № 142-Н]] {{ru icon}} o the Soviet o the Republics o the Supreme Soviet o the Soviet Union, formally establishin the dissolution o the Soviet Union as a state an subject o internaitional law.</ref> |date_start = 30 Dizember |event_start = Treaty o Creation |date_end = 26 Dizember |event_end = Union dissolvit |p1 = Roushie Soviet Federal Socialist Republic |flag_p1 = Flag RSFSR 1918.svg |p2 = Transcaucasie Socialist Federal Socialist Republic |flag_p2 = Flag of Transcaucasian SFSR.svg |p3 = Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic |flag_p3 = Flag of the Ukrainian SSR (1927-1937).svg |p4 = Byeloroushie Soviet Socialist Republic |flag_p4 = Flag of the Byelorussian SSR (1919).svg |s1 = Roushie |flag_s1 = Flag of Russia 1991-1993.svg |s2 = Georgie (kintra){{!}}Georgie |flag_s2=Flag of Georgia (1990-2004).svg |s3 = Ukraine |flag_s3 = Flag of Ukraine.svg |s4 = Moldovae |flag_s4 = Flag of Moldova.svg |s5 = Belaroushie |flag_s5 = Flag of Belarus (1991-1995).svg |s6 = Armenie |flag_s6 = Flag of Armenia.svg |s7 = Azerbaijan |flag_s7 = Flag of Azerbaijan.svg |s8 = Kazakhstan |flag_s8 = Flag of Kazakhstan.svg |s9 = Uzbekistan |flag_s9 = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg |s10 = Turkmenistan |flag_s10 = Flag of the Turkmen SSR.svg |s11 = Kyrgyzstan |flag_s11 = Flag of Kyrgyz SSR.svg |s12 = Tajikistan |flag_s12 = Flag of Tajik SSR.svg |s13 = Estonie{{!}}Estonie³ |flag_s13 = Flag of Estonia.svg |s14 = Latvie{{!}}Latvie³ |flag_s14 = Flag of Latvia.svg |s15 = Lithuanie{{!}}Lithuanie³ |flag_s15 = Flag of Lithuania (1988–2004).svg |image_flag = Flag of the Soviet Union.svg |flag = Banner o the Soviet Union |image_coat = State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg |symbol = State Emblem o the Soviet Union |symbol_type = State Emblem |image_map = Map-Flag of the Soviet Union.svg |image_map_size = 250px |image_map_caption = The Soviet Union efter [[Warld War II]] |capital = Moscow |latd=55|latm=45|latNS=N|longd=37|longm=37|longEW=E |largest_city =Moscow |national_motto = Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!<br />(Translit.: ''Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!'')<br />Scots: [[Wirkers o the warld, unite!]] |national_anthem = "The Internationale" (1922–1994)<br />"Naitional Anthem o the Soviet Union"<br />(1944–1991) [[File:Soviet Anthem Instrumental 1955.ogg|center]] |common_languages = Russian, mony ithers |demonym = Soviet |religion = State atheism<ref>[http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1990-10-02/news/1990275061_1_supreme-soviet-religious-classes-atheism 73 Years of State Atheism in the Soviet Union, ended amid collapse in 1990]</ref> <small>([[Soviet Union#Religion|see text]])</small> |currency = Soviet ruble (руб) (SUR) |currency_code = SUR <!-- If there are more than 4 leaders, only give first and last&nbsp;— the infobox is not intended to list everything. --> |leader1 = [[Joseph Stalin]] <small>(first)</small> |leader2 = Vladimir Ivashko <small>(last)</small> |year_leader1 = 1922–1952 |year_leader2 = 1991 |title_leader = General Secretary |representative1 = Mikhail Kalinin <small>(first)</small> |representative2 = [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] <small>(last)</small> |year_representative1 = 1922–1938 |year_representative2 = 1988–1991 |title_representative = Heid o State |deputy1 = [[Vladimir Lenin]] <small>(first)</small> |deputy2 = Ivan Silayev <small>(last)</small> |year_deputy1 = 1922–1924 |year_deputy2 = 1991 |title_deputy = Heid o Govrenment |legislature = Supreme Soviet |house1 = Soviet o the Union |house2 = Soviet o Naitionalities |stat_year1 = 1991 |stat_area1 = 22402200 |stat_pop1 = 293047571 |footnotes = ¹On 21 December 1991, eleiven o the umwhile socialist republics declared in [[Almaty|Alma-Ata]] (wi the 12t republic – [[Georgie Soviet Socialist Republic|Georgie]] – attendin as a observer) that wi the formation o the Commonwalth o Unthirlt States the Union o Soviet Socialist Republics ceases tae exist.<br /> ²Assigned on 19 September 1990, existin onwairds.<br /> ³The govrenments o Estonie, Latvie, an Lithuanie view thaimsels as continuous an unrelatit tae the respective Soviet republics.<br />Roushie views the Estonie, Latvie, an Lithuanie SSRs as legal constituent republics o the USSR an forebears o the modren Baltic states.<br />The Govrenment o the Unitit States an a nummer o ither kintras didna recognise the annexation o Estonie, Latvie, an Lithuanie tae the USSR as a legal inclusion. |utc_offset = +2 to +13 |cctld = .su² |calling_code = 7 }} [[File:Soviet Union Administrative Divisions 1989.jpg|thumb|Territorial Organization Map (1989)]] The '''Soviet Union''', formally the '''Union o Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)''' ([[Roushie leid|Roushie]]: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик, СССР; ''Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik'') wis a [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist-Leninist]] kintra<ref name="ml1">Historical Dictionary of Socialism. James C. Docherty, Peter Lamb. Page 85. "The Soviet Union was a one-party Marxist-Leninist state.".</ref><ref name="ml2">[http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/ruseur_wp_010.pdf Ideology, Interests, and Identity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721063619/http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/ruseur_wp_010.pdf |date=2013-07-21 }}. Stephen H. Hanson. Page 14. "the USSR was officially a Marxist-Leninist state"</ref><ref name="ml3">[http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&context=ilr The Fine Line between the Enforcement of Human Rights Agreements and the Violation of National Sovereignty: The Case of Soviet Dissidents]. Jennifer Noe Pahre. Page 336. "... the Soviet Union, as a Marxist-Leninist state ...". Page 348. "The Soviet Union is a Marxist–Leninist state."</ref><ref name="ml4">[http://www.epa.hu/00000/00010/00020/pdf/HSR_1989_1-2_023-046.pdf Leninist National Policy: Solution to the "National Question"?]. Walker Connor. Page 31. "... four Marxist-Leninist states (the Soviet Union, China, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia)..."</ref> in [[Eurasie]]. It wis shapit i 1922, efter the Roushie Revolution o 1917; its furst leader wis [[Vladimir Lenin]]. It wis a confederation o 15 consteetuent republics, the biggest o thaim bein [[Roushie]]. The Union, alang wi the rule o the [[Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union|Communist Pairty]], fell apairt in 1991, efter a series o reforms stairtit bi [[Mikhail Gorbachev]].It wis governit as a [[Single-pairty state|single-pairty kintra]] bi the Communist Pairty, wi Moscow as its caipital. Its govrenment an economy wis heich centralised. The Sovyet Union haed its springheid in the [[Roushie Revolution]] o 1917, whilk owerthrew the [[Roushie Empire]]. The [[Bolsheviks]], the majority faction o the Social Democratic Labour Pairty, led bi Vladimir Lenin, then led a seicont revolution whilk owerthrew the provisional govrenment an establishit the Roushie Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (renamed Roushie Sovyet Federative Socialist Republic in 1936), beginnin a civil war atween pro-revolution Reds an counter-revolution Whites. The [[Reid Airmy]] entered several territories o the umwhile Roushie Empire, an helpit local Communists tak pouer throu soviets that nominally actit on behauf o wirkers an peasants. In 1922, the Communists wis victorious, formin the Sovyet Union wi the unification o the Roushie, Transcaucasian, [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republi|Ukrainian]], an [[Byeloroushie Soviet Socialist Republic|Byelorussian]] republics. Follaein Lenin's daith in 1924, a troika collective leadership an a brieI power struggle, [[Joseph Stalin]] came tae power i the mid-1920s. As a result, the kintra dreed a period of rapid [[industrialisation]] an collectivisation whilk laid the basis for its later war effort an dominance efter [[World War II]]. Housomever, Stalin establishit poleetical [[paranoia]], an introduced arbitrary arrests on a massive scale efter whilk the authorities transferred mony bodies (military heid anes, Communist Pairty members, ordinary ceetizens alike) tae [[Gulag|correctional labour camps]] or justifeed thaim. In the beginnin o World War II, efter the [[United Kinrick]] an [[Fraunce]] rejected an alliance wi the Soviet Union again [[Nazi Germany]], the USSR signed a non-aggression pact wi Germany; the treaty delayed confrontation atween the twa kintras, but wis disregardit in 1941 whan the Nazis invaded, openin the lairgest an bloodiest theatre o war in history. Soviet war casualties accounted for the heichest proportion o the conflict in the cost o acquiring the upper haund ower Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad. Soviet forces eventually captured [[Berlin]] in 1945, inflictin the vast majority o German losses. The territory owertaen bi the Soviet Union frae Axis forces in Central an Eastern Europe became satellite states o the [[Eastren Bloc]]. [[Ideology|Ideological]] an poleetical differences wi [[Wastern Bloc]] counterparts direct bi the Unitit States led tae the formation o [[Comecon]] an the [[Warsaw Pact]], culminatin in the prolonged [[Cauld War]]. Follaein Stalin's deith in 1953, a period o moderate social an economic [[liberalisation, kent as "de-Stalinization" an "Khrushchev Thaw", occurred unner the admeenistration o [[Nikita Khrushchev]]. The Sovyet Union then continued an initiate significant technological achievements o the 20t century, includin launching the first ever satellite an the warld's first human spaceflicht, whilk led it intae the Space Race. The 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis merked a period o extreme tension atween the twa superpowers, considered the closest tae a mutual nuclear confrontation. In the 1970s, a relaxation o relations followed, but tensions resumed when the Soviet Union deployed troops in Afghanistan at the request o its new socialist govrenment in 1979. The campaign drained economic resoorces an dragged on athoot achievin meaningfu poleetical results. In the late 1980s, the last Sovyet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, socht tae reform the Union an muive it in the direction o Nordic-style social democracy, introducin the policies o ''glasnost'' an ''perestroika'' in an attempt tae end the period o economic stagnation an democratise the govrenment. Housomever, this led tae the rise of strongnationalist an separatist movements. Central authorities initiate a referendum, boycott bi the Baltic republics, Armenie, Georgie, an Moldovæ, whilk result in the majority o pairteecipatin ceetizens votin in favour o preservin the Union as a renewed federation. In August 1991, a coup d'état wis ettilt bi hardliners again Gorbachev, wi the intention o reversin his policies. The coup failed, wi Roushie Preses Boris Yeltsin playin a heich-profile role in facin doun the coup, resultin in the bannin o the Communist Pairty. On 25 December 1991, Gorbachev resigned an the remainin twal consteetuent republics emerged frae the dissolution o the Sovyet Union as independent post-Sovyet states. The Roushie Federation (umwhile the Roushie SFSR) assumed the Sovyet Union's richts an obligations an is recognised as its continued legal personality. '''References'''.{{reflist|30em}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Soviet Union| ]] [[Category:Umwhile kintras]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1922]] [[Category:States an territories disestablished in 1991]] {{Stub/Roushie}} {{Stub/Balt}} {{Stub/Europe}} {{Stub/Asie}} fa70y27r89zze9bcm7ttxcykipyt26a 921052 920895 2026-08-17T23:46:52Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox kintra |native_name=Союз Советских Социалистических Республик<br />''Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik'' |conventional_long_name=Union o Soviet Socialist Republics <br />Ither names |common_name=Soviet Union (USSR) |continent=Eurasie |era= Interwar stoond / [[World War II]] / [[Cauld War]] |government_type= [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninist]] [[single-pairty state]] |year_start = 1922 |year_end = 1991<ref>[[:s:ru:Декларация Совета Республик ВС СССР от 26.12.1991 № 142-Н|Declaration № 142-Н]] {{ru icon}} o the Soviet o the Republics o the Supreme Soviet o the Soviet Union, formally establishin the dissolution o the Soviet Union as a state an subject o internaitional law.</ref> |date_start = 30 Dizember |event_start = Treaty o Creation |date_end = 26 Dizember |event_end = Union dissolvit |p1 = Roushie Soviet Federal Socialist Republic |flag_p1 = Flag RSFSR 1918.svg |p2 = Transcaucasie Socialist Federal Socialist Republic |flag_p2 = Flag of Transcaucasian SFSR.svg |p3 = Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic |flag_p3 = Flag of the Ukrainian SSR (1927-1937).svg |p4 = Byeloroushie Soviet Socialist Republic |flag_p4 = Flag of the Byelorussian SSR (1919).svg |s1 = Roushie |flag_s1 = Flag of Russia 1991-1993.svg |s2 = Georgie (kintra){{!}}Georgie |flag_s2=Flag of Georgia (1990-2004).svg |s3 = Ukraine |flag_s3 = Flag of Ukraine.svg |s4 = Moldovae |flag_s4 = Flag of Moldova.svg |s5 = Belaroushie |flag_s5 = Flag of Belarus (1991-1995).svg |s6 = Armenie |flag_s6 = Flag of Armenia.svg |s7 = Azerbaijan |flag_s7 = Flag of Azerbaijan.svg |s8 = Kazakhstan |flag_s8 = Flag of Kazakhstan.svg |s9 = Uzbekistan |flag_s9 = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg |s10 = Turkmenistan |flag_s10 = Flag of the Turkmen SSR.svg |s11 = Kyrgyzstan |flag_s11 = Flag of Kyrgyz SSR.svg |s12 = Tajikistan |flag_s12 = Flag of Tajik SSR.svg |s13 = Estonie{{!}}Estonie³ |flag_s13 = Flag of Estonia.svg |s14 = Latvie{{!}}Latvie³ |flag_s14 = Flag of Latvia.svg |s15 = Lithuanie{{!}}Lithuanie³ |flag_s15 = Flag of Lithuania (1988–2004).svg |image_flag = Flag of the Soviet Union.svg |flag = Banner o the Soviet Union |image_coat = State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg |symbol = State Emblem o the Soviet Union |symbol_type = State Emblem |image_map = Map-Flag of the Soviet Union.svg |image_map_size = 250px |image_map_caption = The Soviet Union efter [[Warld War II]] |capital = Moscow |latd=55|latm=45|latNS=N|longd=37|longm=37|longEW=E |largest_city =Moscow |national_motto = Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!<br />(Translit.: ''Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!'')<br />Scots: [[Wirkers o the warld, unite!]] |national_anthem = "The Internationale" (1922–1994)<br />"Naitional Anthem o the Soviet Union"<br />(1944–1991) [[File:Soviet Anthem Instrumental 1955.ogg|center]] |common_languages = Russian, mony ithers |demonym = Soviet |religion = State atheism<ref>[http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1990-10-02/news/1990275061_1_supreme-soviet-religious-classes-atheism 73 Years of State Atheism in the Soviet Union, ended amid collapse in 1990]</ref> <small>([[Soviet Union#Religion|see text]])</small> |currency = Soviet ruble (руб) (SUR) |currency_code = SUR <!-- If there are more than 4 leaders, only give first and last&nbsp;— the infobox is not intended to list everything. --> |leader1 = [[Joseph Stalin]] <small>(first)</small> |leader2 = Vladimir Ivashko <small>(last)</small> |year_leader1 = 1922–1952 |year_leader2 = 1991 |title_leader = General Secretary |representative1 = Mikhail Kalinin <small>(first)</small> |representative2 = [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] <small>(last)</small> |year_representative1 = 1922–1938 |year_representative2 = 1988–1991 |title_representative = Heid o State |deputy1 = [[Vladimir Lenin]] <small>(first)</small> |deputy2 = Ivan Silayev <small>(last)</small> |year_deputy1 = 1922–1924 |year_deputy2 = 1991 |title_deputy = Heid o Govrenment |legislature = Supreme Soviet |house1 = Soviet o the Union |house2 = Soviet o Naitionalities |stat_year1 = 1991 |stat_area1 = 22402200 |stat_pop1 = 293047571 |footnotes = ¹On 21 December 1991, eleiven o the umwhile socialist republics declared in [[Almaty|Alma-Ata]] (wi the 12t republic – [[Georgie Soviet Socialist Republic|Georgie]] – attendin as a observer) that wi the formation o the Commonwalth o Unthirlt States the Union o Soviet Socialist Republics ceases tae exist.<br /> ²Assigned on 19 September 1990, existin onwairds.<br /> ³The govrenments o Estonie, Latvie, an Lithuanie view thaimsels as continuous an unrelatit tae the respective Soviet republics.<br />Roushie views the Estonie, Latvie, an Lithuanie SSRs as legal constituent republics o the USSR an forebears o the modren Baltic states.<br />The Govrenment o the Unitit States an a nummer o ither kintras didna recognise the annexation o Estonie, Latvie, an Lithuanie tae the USSR as a legal inclusion. |utc_offset = +2 to +13 |cctld = .su² |calling_code = 7 }} [[File:Soviet Union Administrative Divisions 1989.jpg|thumb|Territorial Organization Map (1989)]] The '''Soviet Union''', formally the '''Union o Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)''' ([[Roushie leid|Roushie]]: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик, СССР; ''Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik'') wis a [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist-Leninist]] kintra<ref name="ml1">Historical Dictionary of Socialism. James C. Docherty, Peter Lamb. Page 85. "The Soviet Union was a one-party Marxist-Leninist state.".</ref><ref name="ml2">[http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/ruseur_wp_010.pdf Ideology, Interests, and Identity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721063619/http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/ruseur_wp_010.pdf |date=2013-07-21 }}. Stephen H. Hanson. Page 14. "the USSR was officially a Marxist-Leninist state"</ref><ref name="ml3">[http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&context=ilr The Fine Line between the Enforcement of Human Rights Agreements and the Violation of National Sovereignty: The Case of Soviet Dissidents]. Jennifer Noe Pahre. Page 336. "... the Soviet Union, as a Marxist-Leninist state ...". Page 348. "The Soviet Union is a Marxist–Leninist state."</ref><ref name="ml4">[http://www.epa.hu/00000/00010/00020/pdf/HSR_1989_1-2_023-046.pdf Leninist National Policy: Solution to the "National Question"?]. Walker Connor. Page 31. "... four Marxist-Leninist states (the Soviet Union, China, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia)..."</ref> in [[Eurasie]]. It wis shapit i 1922, efter the Roushie Revolution o 1917; its furst leader wis [[Vladimir Lenin]]. It wis a confederation o 15 consteetuent republics, the biggest o thaim bein [[Roushie]]. The Union, alang wi the rule o the [[Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union|Communist Pairty]], fell apairt in 1991, efter a series o reforms stairtit bi [[Mikhail Gorbachev]].It wis governit as a [[Single-pairty state|single-pairty kintra]] bi the Communist Pairty, wi Moscow as its caipital. Its govrenment an economy wis heich centralised. The Sovyet Union haed its springheid in the [[Roushie Revolution]] o 1917, whilk owerthrew the [[Roushie Empire]]. The [[Bolsheviks]], the majority faction o the Social Democratic Labour Pairty, led bi Vladimir Lenin, then led a seicont revolution whilk owerthrew the provisional govrenment an establishit the Roushie Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (renamed Roushie Sovyet Federative Socialist Republic in 1936), beginnin a civil war atween pro-revolution Reds an counter-revolution Whites. The [[Reid Airmy]] entered several territories o the umwhile Roushie Empire, an helpit local Communists tak pouer throu soviets that nominally actit on behauf o wirkers an peasants. In 1922, the Communists wis victorious, formin the Sovyet Union wi the unification o the Roushie, Transcaucasian, [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republi|Ukrainian]], an [[Byeloroushie Soviet Socialist Republic|Byelorussian]] republics. Follaein Lenin's daith in 1924, a troika collective leadership an a brieI power struggle, [[Joseph Stalin]] came tae power i the mid-1920s. As a result, the kintra dreed a period of rapid [[industrialisation]] an collectivisation whilk laid the basis for its later war effort an dominance efter [[World War II]]. Housomever, Stalin establishit poleetical [[paranoia]], an introduced arbitrary arrests on a massive scale efter whilk the authorities transferred mony bodies (military heid anes, Communist Pairty members, ordinary ceetizens alike) tae [[Gulag|correctional labour camps]] or justifeed thaim. In the beginnin o World War II, efter the [[United Kinrick]] an [[Fraunce]] rejected an alliance wi the Soviet Union again [[Nazi Germany]], the USSR signed a non-aggression pact wi Germany; the treaty delayed confrontation atween the twa kintras, but wis disregardit in 1941 whan the Nazis invaded, openin the lairgest an bloodiest theatre o war in history. Soviet war casualties accounted for the heichest proportion o the conflict in the cost o acquiring the upper haund ower Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad. Soviet forces eventually captured [[Berlin]] in 1945, inflictin the vast majority o German losses. The territory owertaen bi the Soviet Union frae Axis forces in Central an Eastern Europe became satellite states o the [[Eastren Bloc]]. [[Ideology|Ideological]] an poleetical differences wi [[Wastern Bloc]] counterparts direct bi the Unitit States led tae the formation o [[Comecon]] an the [[Warsaw Pact]], culminatin in the prolonged [[Cauld War]]. Follaein Stalin's deith in 1953, a period o moderate social an economic [[liberalisation, kent as "de-Stalinization" an "Khrushchev Thaw", occurred unner the admeenistration o [[Nikita Khrushchev]]. The Sovyet Union then continued an initiate significant technological achievements o the 20t century, includin launching the first ever satellite an the warld's first human spaceflicht, whilk led it intae the Space Race. The 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis merked a period o extreme tension atween the twa superpowers, considered the closest tae a mutual nuclear confrontation. In the 1970s, a relaxation o relations followed, but tensions resumed when the Soviet Union deployed troops in Afghanistan at the request o its new socialist govrenment in 1979. The campaign drained economic resoorces an dragged on athoot achievin meaningfu poleetical results. In the late 1980s, the last Sovyet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, socht tae reform the Union an muive it in the direction o Nordic-style social democracy, introducin the policies o ''glasnost'' an ''perestroika'' in an attempt tae end the period o economic stagnation an democratise the govrenment. Housomever, this led tae the rise of strongnationalist an separatist movements. Central authorities initiate a referendum, boycott bi the Baltic republics, Armenie, Georgie, an Moldovæ, whilk result in the majority o pairteecipatin ceetizens votin in favour o preservin the Union as a renewed federation. In August 1991, a coup d'état wis ettilt bi hardliners again Gorbachev, wi the intention o reversin his policies. The coup failed, wi Roushie Preses Boris Yeltsin playin a heich-profile role in facin doun the coup, resultin in the bannin o the Communist Pairty. On 25 December 1991, Gorbachev resigned an the remainin twal consteetuent republics emerged frae the dissolution o the Sovyet Union as independent post-Sovyet states. The Roushie Federation (umwhile the Roushie SFSR) assumed the Sovyet Union's richts an obligations an is recognised as its continued legal personality. '''References'''.{{reflist|30em}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Soviet Union| ]] [[Category:Umwhile kintras]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1922]] [[Category:States an territories disestablished in 1991]] {{Stub/Roushie}} {{Stub/Balt}} {{Stub/Europe}} {{Stub/Asie}} r15jax6ntzdldn7zhm5h2puhoh59xhj 0 10928 920906 920553 2026-08-17T16:48:38Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|10|S|76|W|display=title}} {{Infobox kintra |conventional_long_name = Republic o Peru |common_name = Peru |native_name = {{unbulleted list|item_style=font-size:88%; |{{native name|es|República del Perú}} |{{native name|qu|Piruw Republika}} |{{native name|ay|Piruw Suyu}} }} |image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg |image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg |other_symbol = <div style="padding:0.3em;">[[File:Gran Sello de la República del Perú.svg|100px|link=Great Seal of the State]]</div>{{native phrase|es|[[Coat o airms o Peru#Variants|Gran Sello del Estado]]|nolink=on}}<br />{{small|Great Cachet o the State}} |other_symbol_type = Naitional [[Seal (device)|Cachet]]: |national_motto = "Firme y feliz por la unión" <small>(Spainish)<br />"Steive and Blythe for the Union"</small> |national_anthem = {{native name|es|[[Naitional Anthem o Peru|Himno Nacional del Perú]]|nolink=on}}<br />{{small|''Naitional Anthem o Peru''}}<br />{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Marcha Nacional del Perú.ogg]]}} |image_map = Peru (orthographic projection).svg |capital = [[Lima]] |coordinates = {{Coord|12|2.6|S|77|1.7|W|type:city}} |largest_city = [[Lima]] |languages = {{unbulleted list | [[Peruvian Spainish|the Spainish]] | [[Quechuan leids|the Quechua]] | [[Aymara leid|the Aymara]] }} |languages_type = [[Offeecial leids]]^a |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 45% [[Indigenous fowk in Peru|Amerindian]] | 37% [[Mestizo]] | 15% [[Peruvians wi European ruits|White]] | 3% others<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html|title=Ethnic groups of Perú|publisher=CIA Factbook|accessdate=30 October 2013|archive-date=2020-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508223524/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2013 |demonym = Peruvian |government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[republic]]<ref name="Draft">{{cite journal |last=Shugart |first=Matthew Søberg |author-link= |date=September 2005 |title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns |url=http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf|journal=Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies |location=United States |publisher=University of California, San Diego |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819200307/http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf |archive-date=19 August 2008 |access-date=31 August 2017 |postscript=. |ref=harv }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819200307/http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf |date=2008-08-19 }}</ref><ref name="Dual">{{cite journal |last=Shugart |first=Matthew Søberg |author-link=Matthew Søberg Shugart |date=December 2005 |title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns |url=http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087.pdf |journal=French Politics |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] UK |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=323–351 |issn=1476-3427 |oclc=6895745903 |doi=10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087 |doi-access=free |access-date=31 August 2017 |quote=Only in Latin America have all new democracies retained a pure presidential form, except for Peru (president-parliamentary) and Bolivia (assembly-independent). |postscript=. |ref=harv }}</ref> |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Keiko Fujimori |leader_title2 = Vice President |leader_name2 = Luis Galarreta |leader_title3 = Prime Meenister |leader_name3 = Luis Galarreta |leader_title4 = President o Congress | leader_name4 = Miki Torres/Óscar de Jesús Reto Otero |legislature = Congress o the Republic |sovereignty_type = [[Peruvian War o Independence|Independence]] {{nobold|frae the [[History o Spain (1814-1873)|Kinrick o Spain]]}} |established_event1 = [[Peruvian War o Independence|Declared]] |established_date1 = 28 Julie 1821 |established_event2 = [[Stour o Ayacucho|Consolidat]] |established_date2 = 9 December 1824 |established_event3 = Recognised |established_date3 = 14 August 1879 |area_km2 = 1,285,216 |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |area_rank = 19t |area_sq_mi = 496,225 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water = 0.41 <!-- CIA World Factbook --> |population_estimate = 34,294,231<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/principales_indicadores/libro_1.pdf|title=Perú: Estimaciones y Proyecciones de Población Total, por Años Calendario y Edades Simples, 1950–2050|trans-title=Peru: Estimates and Projections of Total Population, by Calendar Years and Simple Ages, 1950–2050|publisher=National Institute of Statistics and Informatics|date=September 2009|language=es|access-date=18 September 2018|archive-date=18 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918125613/https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/principales_indicadores/libro_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_census = 31,237,385 | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 44th | population_census_year = 2017 | population_density_km2 = 23 <!--UN World Population Prospects--> | population_density_sq_mi = 57 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 198th | GDP_PPP = {{decrease}} $385.719&nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=31&pr.y=8&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=293&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Peru|publisher=International Monetary Fund|access-date=18 January 2020|archive-date=17 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117125604/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=31&pr.y=8&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=293&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|url-status=live}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2020 | GDP_PPP_rank = 47th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{decrease}} $11,516<ref name="imf2" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 103rd | GDP_nominal = {{decrease}} $195.761&nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_rank = 49th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $5,845<ref name="imf2" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 86th | Gini = 41.5 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2019 | Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=PE |title=Gini Index |publisher=[[World Bank]] |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=7 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507153612/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=PE |url-status=live }}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.777 <!-- number only --> | HDI_year = 2019 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year --> | HDI_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020|archive-date=15 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215063955/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 79th | currency = [[Peruvian sol|Sol]] | currency_code = PEN | time_zone = [[Time in Peru|PET]] | utc_offset = −5 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy ([[Common Era|CE]]) | drives_on = richt | calling_code = [[+51]] | iso3166code = PE | cctld = [[.pe]] | religion = {{unbulleted list |94.51% [[Releigion in Peru#Christianity|Christianity]]|—76.03% [[Catholic Kirk in Peru|Catholicism]]|—18.48% Ither [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]]|5.09% [[Irreleigion in Latin America|Nae releigion]]|0.40% Ither}} | religion_ref = <ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |title=Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico |page=231 |website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática |access-date=27 September 2018 |archive-date=11 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211135110/https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | religion_year = 2017{{efn|name=c| The question anent releigion taen in the [[2017 Peru Census|2017 Naitional Census]] wis speirt at fowk that wir 12 year auld and up.}} | today = }} '''Peru''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Peru.ogg|p|ə|ˈ|r|uː}}; {{lang-es|link=no|Perú}} {{IPA-es|peˈɾu|}}; {{lang-qu|Piruw}} {{IPA-qu|pɪɾʊw|}};<ref>Quechua name used by government of Peru is ''Perú'' (see Quechua-language version of Peru Parliament [http://www.congreso.gob.pe/_quechua/index.htm website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730230845/http://www.congreso.gob.pe/_quechua/index.htm |date=30 July 2010 }} and Quechua-language version of Peru Constitution [https://web.archive.org/web/20110205010758/http://www.congreso.gob.pe/_quechua/Constitucion.pdf but common Quechua name is ''Piruw'']</ref> {{lang-ay|Piruw}} {{IPA-all|pɪɾʊw|}}), officially cried the '''Republic of Peru''' ({{Audio-es|República del Perú|ES-pe - República del Perú.ogg}}),<!-- {{IPA-es|reˈpuβlika ðel peˈɾu|}} --> is a kintra in wastern South Americae. It is mairched tae the north bi [[Ecuador]] and [[Colombia]], tae the aest bi [[Brazil]], tae the south-aest bi [[Bolivia]], tae the south bi [[Chile]], and tae the south and wast bi the [[Pacific Ocean]]. Peru is a [[megadiverse country|''megadiverse kintra'']] wi haibitats reengin frae the dry plains of the Pacific, coastal pairts tae the wast, tae the taps of the [[Andes mountains|Andes muntains]] raxin frae the north till the south-aestern pairts of the kintra, tae the tropical [[Amazon Basin]] rainforest, tae the aest wi the [[Amazon river]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sernanp.gob.pe/sernanp/archivos/imagenes/vida/Peru-%20Pais%20Megadiverso.pdf |title=Perú: País megadiverso |trans-title=Peru: Megadiverse country |publisher=Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622152015/http://www.sernanp.gob.pe/sernanp/archivos/imagenes/vida/Peru-%20Pais%20Megadiverso.pdf |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> Peru haes a [[Demographics of Peru|population]] of 34 million, and its capital and mucklest city is [[Lima]]. At 1.28&nbsp;million km² (0.5&nbsp;million mi²), Peru is the [[List of countries and dependencies by area|19t mucklest kintra in the warld]], and the [[List of South American countries by area|third mucklest in South Americae]]. [[Lima]] is the capital ceety o the kintra. The President o Peru is [[Francisco Sagasti]]. [[Pre-Columbian Peru|Peruvian land]] wis hame tae a wheen [[Ancient Peru|auncient cultures]]. Reengin frae the [[Norte Chico civilization]] stertin in 3500 BCE, the auldest civilization in the Americaes and ane of the five [[cradles of civilization|''cradles of civilization'']], tae the [[Inca Empire]], the mucklest state in the [[pre-Columbian]] Americaes. The land that nou taks in Peru haes ane of the langest histories of civilization of ony kintra, wi a heritage that can be follaed back tae the 10th millennium BCE. The [[Spanish Empire|Spainish Empire]] conquessed Peru in the 16th century and [[Viceroyalty of Peru|estaiblished a ''vice-royalty'']] that teuk in the maist of its South American territories, wi its capital in [[Lima]]. Heicher eddication stertit in the Americaes wi the official foondin of the [[National University of San Marcos|Naitional College of San Marcos]] in Lima in 1551. Peru formally made kent its independence in 1821, and follaein the fremmit militar campaigns of [[José de San Martín]] and [[Simón Bolívar]], and the hindmaist [[battle of Ayacucho|Stour of Ayacucho]], Peru [[Peruvian War of Independence|completed its independence in 1824]]. In the years that follaed, the kintra, tae stert wi, dree'd political on-siccerness ontil a time of affeirin [[Guano Era|economic and political siccerness]] begoud ower the heids of the ''Exploitation of Guano''. Efter a while, the [[War of the Pacific|Weir of the Pacific]] (1879–1884) wi Chile brocht Peru tae a state of crisis frae whilk the oligarchy teuk pouer throu the [[Civilista Party|Civilista Pairty]]. In the 20th century, the kintra dree'd ettles tae whummle the pouers of state, social wanrest, and [[Internal conflict in Peru|inbye stours]], as weel as whiles of siccerness and economic upswing. In the 1990s, the kintra implemented a [[neoliberalism|neoliberal economic model]] whilk is still gettin yaised the day. As the [[2000s commodities boom]] teuk place, Peru wis experiencin a while of constant economic growth and a doun-gang in [[poverty|puirtith]]. The [[sovereign state|independent state]] of Peru is a [[Representative democracy|representative democratic]] republic dividit intae [[Administrative divisions of Peru|25 pairts]]. Peru haes a heich level of [[Human development index|human development]],<ref name="UNDP">{{cite web|title= Peru|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/PER|website=Human Development Reports |publisher=United Nations|language=en|date=2016|access-date=7 January 2018|archive-date=28 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228165331/http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/PER|url-status=live}}</ref> wi an upper middle income level rankin 82nd on the [[Human Development Index]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic and Financial Surveys, World Economic Outlook October 2015 |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/02/pdf/text.pdf |website=www.imf.org |access-date=15 February 2018 |archive-date=13 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113211842/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/02/pdf/text.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> It is ane of the region's maist weel-daein economies wi an owerheid growth rate of 5.9%<ref name="WBoverview">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/peru/overview |title=Peru Overview |publisher=[[World Bank]] |access-date=17 April 2017 |archive-date=5 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505064825/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/peru/overview |url-status=live }}</ref> and it haes ane of the warld's faistest industrial growth rates at an owerheid of 9.6%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2089.html#pe |title=Peru |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707010810/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2089.html#pe |archive-date=7 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Its main economic activities taks in minin, manufacturin, lawbourage and fishin; alang wi ither growin sectors siclike as telecommunications and siller. [[File:Peru - Regions and departments (labeled).svg|250px|right|thumb| Peru]] [[File:Peru Machu Picchu Sunrise.jpg|250px|right|thumb| [[Machu Picchu]] ]] == Notes == {{Notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Peru| ]] [[Category:Andean Commonty o Naitions]] [[Category:Kintras borderin the Paceefic Ocean]] [[Category:Kintras in Sooth Americae]] [[Category:Umwhile Spaingie colonies]] [[Category:Leeberal democracies]] [[Category:Member states o the Union o Sooth American Naitions]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] [[Category:Republics]] [[Category:Spaingie-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1821]] {{Stub/SoothAm}} jw0qyusnx7wp4sb03wi73yl4ad9ioo9 0 11113 920959 913221 2026-08-17T18:31:41Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive interwiki links 920959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|15|00|N|86|30|W|display=title}} {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Republic o Honduras |common_name = Honduras |native_name = {{native name|es|República de Honduras|icon=no}} ([[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]) |image_flag = Flag of Honduras (1949–2022, 2026–present).svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Honduras.svg |national_motto = {{unbulleted list |{{native phrase|es|"Libre, Soberana e Independiente"|italics=off}} |{{small|"Free, Sovereign an Independent"}}}} |national_anthem = "[[Himno Nacional de Honduras]]"<br/>{{small|"Naitional Anthem o Honduras"}} [[File:Honduras National Anthem.ogg|center]] |image_map = Honduras (orthographic projection).svg |capital = [[Tegucigalpa]] |coordinates = {{Coord|14|6|N|87|13|W|type:city}} |largest_city = Tegucigalpa |official_languages = [[Honduran Spaingie|Spaingie]] |regional_languages = |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |90% [[Mestizo]]^a |7% [[Amerindian]] |2% [[Afro-Honduran|Black]] |1% [[White Laitin American|White]] }} |ethnic_groups_year = {{lower|0.4em|<ref name=cia>{{cite web|title=Honduras|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ho.html|work=[[The World Fact Book]]|date=5 January 2016|accessdate=9 February 2016|archive-date=2020-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515044500/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ho.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} |demonym = {{hlist |Honduran |Catracho(a)}} |government_type = [[Presidential republic]] |leader_title1 = Preses |leader_name1 = Xiomara Castro |leader_title2 = Vice Preses |leader_name2 = Salvador Nasralla |leader_title3 = Preses o Naitional Congress |leader_name3 = Luis Redondo |legislature = [[Naitional Congress o Honduras|Naitional Congress]] |sovereignty_type = [[Unthirldom]] |established_event1 = {{nowrap|Declared^b frae [[Spain]]}} |established_date1 = 15 September 1821 |established_event2 = {{nowrap|Declared frae the<br/>[[First Mexican Empire]]}} |established_date2 = 1 Julie 1823 |established_event3 = Declared, as Honduras, frae the [[Federal Republic o Central Americae]] |established_date3 = 5 November 1838 |area_km2 = 112,492 |area_rank = {{ordinal|102}} |area_sq_mi = 43,278 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = |population_estimate = 9,587,522 |population_census = 9,540,539 |population_estimate_year = 2018 |population_estimate_rank = 95t |population_census_year = 2022 |population_density_km2 = 84.72 |population_density_sq_mi = 220.1 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = {{ordinal|128}} |GDP_PPP = 58,340 millones<ref name=IMF>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/HND|title=Honduras Data Sets|work=IMF|date=}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_year = 2021 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $8,792<ref name=IMF/> |GDP_nominal = 26,325 millones<ref name=IMF/> |GDP_nominal_year = 2021 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $2,655<ref name=IMF/> |Gini = 52.1 <!--number only--> |Gini_year = 2018 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2023 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.645 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |date= 6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024|url= https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/HND|access-date=6 May 2025|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 139th |currency = [[Honduran lempira|Lempira]] |currency_code = HNL |time_zone = [[Central Time Zone|CST]] |utc_offset = −6 |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[+504]] |cctld = [[.hn]] |footnote_a = Mixtur o European an [[Indigenous fowks o the Americas|American Indian]]. |footnote_b = As pairt o the [[Federal Republic o Central America]]. |footnotes = Population estimates explicitly tak intae account the effects o excess mortality due tae AIDS; this can result in lawer life expectancy, heicher infant mortality an daith rates, lawer population an growthe rates, an cheenges in the distribution o population bi age an sex than wad itherwise be expectit, as o Julie 2007. |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |country_code = w }} [[File:Mapa de Honduras con sus Departamentos.jpg|thumb|Territorial organization]] '''Honduras''' ({{pron-en|hɒnˈdʊərəs|En-us-Honduras.ogg}}, {{lang-es|República de Honduras}}, {{IPA-es|reˈpuβlika ðe onˈduɾas|pron}}), kent officially as the '''Republic o Honduras''', is a republic in [[Central Americae]]. It wis umwhile kent as '''Spainyie Honduras''' tae differentiate it frae ''[[Breetish Honduras]]'' (nou [[Belize]]). The kintra mairches [[Guatemala]], [[El Salvador]] an [[Nicaragua]]. Honduras wis hame tae mony important [[Mesoamerican]] culturs, maist notably the [[Maya ceevilisation|Maya]], afore the Spainish invadit in the saxteent century. The Spainish introduced Roman Catholicism an the nou predominant [[Spainish leid]], alang wi mony customs that hae blendit wi the indigenous cultur. Honduras becam independent in 1821 an haes syne been a republic, awtho it haes consistently endured muckle social strife an poleetical instability, an remeens ane o the puirest kintras in the [[Wastren Hemisphere]]. In 1960, the northren pairt o whit wis the [[Mosquito Coast]] wis transferred frae Nicaragua tae Honduras bi the [[Internaitional Coort o Juistice]].<ref name="auto">{{cite news |title=Mosquito Coast |publisher=Britannica Concise Encyclopedia |url=http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9372678/Mosquito-Coast |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=2007-08-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929141401/http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9372678/Mosquito-Coast |archivedate=2007-09-29 |df= }}</ref> The naition's economy is primarily agricultural, makkin it vulnerable tae naitural disasters sic as Hurricane Mitch in 1998.<ref name=":9">McSweeney, Kendra, et al. "Climate-Related Disaster Opens a Window of Opportunity for Rural Poor in Northeastern Honduras." ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America'', vol. 108, no. 13, 2011, pp. 5203–5208. ''JSTOR'', JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41125677.</ref> The lawer cless is primarily agriculturally based whilk walth is concentratit in the kintra's urban centres.<ref name="LOC"> {{cite book |url=http://countrystudies.us/honduras/22.htm |title=Honduras |chapter=War with El Salvador |editor-last=Merrill |editor-first=Tim |publisher=Library of Congress Country Studies |year=1995 |accessdate=9 February 2016 }}</ref> Honduras haes a Human Development Index o 0.625, classifeein it as a naition wi medium development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/HND.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2016: Human Development for Everyone|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=|archive-date=2021-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225173831/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/HND.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Whan the Index is adjuistit for income inequality, its inequality-adjusted Human Development Index is 0.443.<ref name=":1" /> Honduran society is predominantly [[Mestizo]]; houiver, American Indian, black an white individuals bide in Honduras an aa.<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ho.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-11-26|archive-date=2020-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515044500/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ho.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The naition haed a relatively heich political stability till its [[2009 Honduran coup d'état|2009 coup]] an again wi the 2017 presidential election.<ref name=":7">Ruhl, J. Mark. "Agrarian Structure and Political Stability in Honduras." ''Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs'', vol. 26, no. 1, 1984, pp. 33–68. ''JSTOR'', JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/165506.</ref> Honduras haes the warld's heichest [[Leet o kintras bi intentional homicide rate|murther rate]] an heich levels o sexual violence.<ref name="Insight">{{cite web|url=http://www.insightcrime.org/news-analysis/latin-america-worlds-most-violent-region-un|title=Latin America is World's Most Violent Region: UN|first=Charles|last=Parkinson|work=[[InSight Crime]]|date=21 April 2014|accessdate=9 February 2016}}</ref><ref name=":15">Hawkins, Darren, and Melissa Humes. "Human Rights and Domestic Violence." ''Political Science Quarterly'', vol. 117, no. 2, 2002, pp. 231–257. ''JSTOR'', JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/798182.</ref> Honduras spans aboot {{convert|112,492|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} an haes a population ower {{#expr:floor({{replace|{{UN_Population|Honduras}}|,||}}/1e6)}} million.{{UN_Population|ref}} Its northren portions are pairt o the Wastren Caribbean Zone, as reflectit in the area’s demograpics an cultur. Honduras is kent for its rich naitural resoorces, includin [[meeneral]]s, [[coffee]], [[Leet o culinary fruits#Tropical fruits|tropical fruit]], an [[Succarcane|succar cane]], as weel as for its growin [[textile]]s industrie, that serves the internaitional mercat. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Honduras| ]] [[Category:Kintras in the Caribbean]] [[Category:Kintras in Central Americae]] [[Category:Kintras borderin the Paceefic Ocean]] [[Category:Umwhile Spaingie colonies]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] [[Category:Republics]] [[Category:Spaingie-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1821]] k4wfjdjpwfnfzgewagqpl7f98f55kmw 921028 920959 2026-08-17T23:18:07Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|15|00|N|86|30|W|display=title}} {{Infobox kintra |conventional_long_name = Republic o Honduras |common_name = Honduras |native_name = {{native name|es|República de Honduras|icon=no}} ([[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]) |image_flag = Flag of Honduras (1949–2022, 2026–present).svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Honduras.svg |national_motto = {{unbulleted list |{{native phrase|es|"Libre, Soberana e Independiente"|italics=off}} |{{small|"Free, Sovereign an Independent"}}}} |national_anthem = "[[Himno Nacional de Honduras]]"<br/>{{small|"Naitional Anthem o Honduras"}} [[File:Honduras National Anthem.ogg|center]] |image_map = Honduras (orthographic projection).svg |capital = [[Tegucigalpa]] |coordinates = {{Coord|14|6|N|87|13|W|type:city}} |largest_city = Tegucigalpa |official_languages = [[Honduran Spaingie|Spaingie]] |regional_languages = |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |90% [[Mestizo]]^a |7% [[Amerindian]] |2% [[Afro-Honduran|Black]] |1% [[White Laitin American|White]] }} |ethnic_groups_year = {{lower|0.4em|<ref name=cia>{{cite web|title=Honduras|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ho.html|work=[[The World Fact Book]]|date=5 January 2016|accessdate=9 February 2016|archive-date=2020-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515044500/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ho.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} |demonym = {{hlist |Honduran |Catracho(a)}} |government_type = [[Presidential republic]] |leader_title1 = Preses |leader_name1 = Xiomara Castro |leader_title2 = Vice Preses |leader_name2 = Salvador Nasralla |leader_title3 = Preses o Naitional Congress |leader_name3 = Luis Redondo |legislature = [[Naitional Congress o Honduras|Naitional Congress]] |sovereignty_type = [[Unthirldom]] |established_event1 = {{nowrap|Declared^b frae [[Spain]]}} |established_date1 = 15 September 1821 |established_event2 = {{nowrap|Declared frae the<br/>[[First Mexican Empire]]}} |established_date2 = 1 Julie 1823 |established_event3 = Declared, as Honduras, frae the [[Federal Republic o Central Americae]] |established_date3 = 5 November 1838 |area_km2 = 112,492 |area_rank = {{ordinal|102}} |area_sq_mi = 43,278 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = |population_estimate = 9,587,522 |population_census = 9,540,539 |population_estimate_year = 2018 |population_estimate_rank = 95t |population_census_year = 2022 |population_density_km2 = 84.72 |population_density_sq_mi = 220.1 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = {{ordinal|128}} |GDP_PPP = 58,340 millones<ref name=IMF>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/HND|title=Honduras Data Sets|work=IMF|date=}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_year = 2021 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $8,792<ref name=IMF/> |GDP_nominal = 26,325 millones<ref name=IMF/> |GDP_nominal_year = 2021 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $2,655<ref name=IMF/> |Gini = 52.1 <!--number only--> |Gini_year = 2018 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2023 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.645 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |date= 6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024|url= https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/HND|access-date=6 May 2025|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 139th |currency = [[Honduran lempira|Lempira]] |currency_code = HNL |time_zone = [[Central Time Zone|CST]] |utc_offset = −6 |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[+504]] |cctld = [[.hn]] |footnote_a = Mixtur o European an [[Indigenous fowks o the Americas|American Indian]]. |footnote_b = As pairt o the [[Federal Republic o Central America]]. |footnotes = Population estimates explicitly tak intae account the effects o excess mortality due tae AIDS; this can result in lawer life expectancy, heicher infant mortality an daith rates, lawer population an growthe rates, an cheenges in the distribution o population bi age an sex than wad itherwise be expectit, as o Julie 2007. |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |country_code = w }} [[File:Mapa de Honduras con sus Departamentos.jpg|thumb|Territorial organization]] '''Honduras''' ({{pron-en|hɒnˈdʊərəs|En-us-Honduras.ogg}}, {{lang-es|República de Honduras}}, {{IPA-es|reˈpuβlika ðe onˈduɾas|pron}}), kent officially as the '''Republic o Honduras''', is a republic in [[Central Americae]]. It wis umwhile kent as '''Spainyie Honduras''' tae differentiate it frae ''[[Breetish Honduras]]'' (nou [[Belize]]). The kintra mairches [[Guatemala]], [[El Salvador]] an [[Nicaragua]]. Honduras wis hame tae mony important [[Mesoamerican]] culturs, maist notably the [[Maya ceevilisation|Maya]], afore the Spainish invadit in the saxteent century. The Spainish introduced Roman Catholicism an the nou predominant [[Spainish leid]], alang wi mony customs that hae blendit wi the indigenous cultur. Honduras becam independent in 1821 an haes syne been a republic, awtho it haes consistently endured muckle social strife an poleetical instability, an remeens ane o the puirest kintras in the [[Wastren Hemisphere]]. In 1960, the northren pairt o whit wis the [[Mosquito Coast]] wis transferred frae Nicaragua tae Honduras bi the [[Internaitional Coort o Juistice]].<ref name="auto">{{cite news |title=Mosquito Coast |publisher=Britannica Concise Encyclopedia |url=http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9372678/Mosquito-Coast |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=2007-08-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929141401/http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9372678/Mosquito-Coast |archivedate=2007-09-29 |df= }}</ref> The naition's economy is primarily agricultural, makkin it vulnerable tae naitural disasters sic as Hurricane Mitch in 1998.<ref name=":9">McSweeney, Kendra, et al. "Climate-Related Disaster Opens a Window of Opportunity for Rural Poor in Northeastern Honduras." ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America'', vol. 108, no. 13, 2011, pp. 5203–5208. ''JSTOR'', JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41125677.</ref> The lawer cless is primarily agriculturally based whilk walth is concentratit in the kintra's urban centres.<ref name="LOC"> {{cite book |url=http://countrystudies.us/honduras/22.htm |title=Honduras |chapter=War with El Salvador |editor-last=Merrill |editor-first=Tim |publisher=Library of Congress Country Studies |year=1995 |accessdate=9 February 2016 }}</ref> Honduras haes a Human Development Index o 0.625, classifeein it as a naition wi medium development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/HND.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2016: Human Development for Everyone|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=|archive-date=2021-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225173831/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/HND.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Whan the Index is adjuistit for income inequality, its inequality-adjusted Human Development Index is 0.443.<ref name=":1" /> Honduran society is predominantly [[Mestizo]]; houiver, American Indian, black an white individuals bide in Honduras an aa.<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ho.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-11-26|archive-date=2020-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515044500/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ho.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The naition haed a relatively heich political stability till its [[2009 Honduran coup d'état|2009 coup]] an again wi the 2017 presidential election.<ref name=":7">Ruhl, J. Mark. "Agrarian Structure and Political Stability in Honduras." ''Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs'', vol. 26, no. 1, 1984, pp. 33–68. ''JSTOR'', JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/165506.</ref> Honduras haes the warld's heichest [[Leet o kintras bi intentional homicide rate|murther rate]] an heich levels o sexual violence.<ref name="Insight">{{cite web|url=http://www.insightcrime.org/news-analysis/latin-america-worlds-most-violent-region-un|title=Latin America is World's Most Violent Region: UN|first=Charles|last=Parkinson|work=[[InSight Crime]]|date=21 April 2014|accessdate=9 February 2016}}</ref><ref name=":15">Hawkins, Darren, and Melissa Humes. "Human Rights and Domestic Violence." ''Political Science Quarterly'', vol. 117, no. 2, 2002, pp. 231–257. ''JSTOR'', JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/798182.</ref> Honduras spans aboot {{convert|112,492|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} an haes a population ower {{#expr:floor({{replace|{{UN_Population|Honduras}}|,||}}/1e6)}} million.{{UN_Population|ref}} Its northren portions are pairt o the Wastren Caribbean Zone, as reflectit in the area’s demograpics an cultur. Honduras is kent for its rich naitural resoorces, includin [[meeneral]]s, [[coffee]], [[Leet o culinary fruits#Tropical fruits|tropical fruit]], an [[Succarcane|succar cane]], as weel as for its growin [[textile]]s industrie, that serves the internaitional mercat. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Honduras| ]] [[Category:Kintras in the Caribbean]] [[Category:Kintras in Central Americae]] [[Category:Kintras borderin the Paceefic Ocean]] [[Category:Umwhile Spaingie colonies]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] [[Category:Republics]] [[Category:Spaingie-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1821]] k339dd4g7tmd42ll2qd6lzyx9kqhnca 0 11114 920957 876205 2026-08-17T18:29:52Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republic o Costa Rica | native_name = ''República de Costa Rica'' | common_name = Costa Rica | image_flag = Flag of Costa Rica (state).svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Costa Rica.svg | image_map = Costa Rica (orthographic projection).svg | image_map2 = Map of Costa Rica.svg|275px | national_motto = | national_anthem = {{native phrase|es|"[[Noble patria, tu hermosa bandera]]"|italics=off}}<br />{{small|"Noble mitherland, your bonnie flag"}}<br /><center>[[File:Costa Rica National Anthem.ogg]]</center> | official_languages = [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] | regional_languages = {{hlist |[[Limonese Creole|Mekatelyu]] |[[Bribri leid|Bribri]] |[[Jamaican Patois|Patois]]}} | demonym = {{hlist |[[Costa Ricans|Costa Rican]] |[[Tico]]}} | religion = [[Roman Catholicism in Costa Rica|Roman Catholicism]] | ethnic_groups = {{vunblist | {{nowrap|65.8% [[White fowk|White]]{{\}}[[Castizo]]}} | 13.65% [[Mestizo]] | 9.03% Immigrants | 6.72% [[Mulatto]] | 2.40% [[Indigenous fowks o the Americas|Amerindian]] | 1.03% [[Black fowk|Black]] | 0.21% [[Asie fowk|Asie]] | 0.88% other }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.inec.go.cr/Web/Home/pagPrincipal.aspx |title=Censo Nacional 2011 |access-date=2016-02-17 |archive-date=2012-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327062704/http://www.inec.go.cr/Web/Home/pagPrincipal.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> | capital = [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]] | coordinates = {{Coord|9|56|N|84|5|W|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Presidential seestem|presidential]] [[constitutional republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Preses o Costa Rica|Preses]] | leader_name1 = [[Luis Guillermo Solís]] | leader_title2 = [[Vice Preses o Costa Rica|1st Vice-Preses]] | leader_name2 = [[Helio Fallas Venegas]] | leader_title3 = [[Vice Preses o Costa Rica|2nt Vice-Preses]] | leader_name3 = [[Ana Helena Chacón Echeverría]] | legislature = [[Legislative Assembly o Costa Rica|Legislative Assembly]] | area_rank = 128t | area_magnitude = 1 E10 | area = {{convert|51100|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | area_km2 = 51,100 | area_sq_mi = 19,653 | percent_water = 0.7 | population_census = 4,586,353<ref name=2011Census>{{cite web |url=http://www.elfinancierocr.com/economia-y-politica/Censo_2011-INEC-Centro_Centroamericano_de_Poblacion-correccion_0_266373372.html |title=Costa Rica tiene 4,6 millones de habitantes, según corrección del Censo 2011 |author=El Financiero |publisher=El Financiero, Costa Rica |date=2013-03-20 |accessdate=2013-05-23 |language=Spanish}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 123rd | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 84<ref name=2011Census/> | population_density_sq_mi = 220 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 107t | GDP_PPP = $74.324 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2013&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=71&pr1.y=12&c=238&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Costa Rica |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=2015-09-05}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2015 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $15,365<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $52.800 billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2015 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $10,916<ref name=imf2/> | sovereignty_type = Unthirldom declared | established_event1 = frae [[Spain]] | established_date1 = 15 September 1821 | established_event2 = frae [[First Mexican Empire]] | established_date2 = 1 Julie 1823 | established_event3 = {{nowrap|frae the [[Central American Federation|Unitit Provinces<br>o Central Americae]]}} | established_date3 = 1838 | established_event4 = Recognisit bi Spain | established_date4 = 10 Mey 1850 | established_event5 = Constitution | established_date5 = 7 November 1949<ref name=CIA>{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |title=Costa Rica |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia |year=2011 |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html |accessdate=2011-10-04 |archive-date=2019-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107034112/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2009 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 40.7 <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2011-03-02}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2014<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.766 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report |date=2015 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> | HDI_rank = 69th | currency = [[Costa Rican colón]] | currency_code = CRC | country_code = | time_zone = [[Central Time Zone|CST]] | utc_offset = −6 | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[+506]] | cctld = [[.cr]] }} [[File:Costa Rica, administrative divisions - de - colored.svg|thumb|Territorial organization]] '''Costa Rica''' ({{pron-en|ˌkoʊstə ˈriːkə|En-us-Costa Rica.ogg}}), offeecially the '''Republic o Costa Rica '''({{lang-es|Costa Rica}} or ''{{lang|es|República de Costa Rica}}'', {{IPA-es|reˈpuβlika ðe ˈkosta ˈrika|pron}}) is a kintra in [[Central Americae]], bordered bi [[Nicaragua]] tae the north, [[Panama]] tae the soothaest, the [[Paceefic Ocean]] tae the wast an sooth an the [[Caribbean Sea]] tae the east. [[File:LocationCostaRica.svg|left|310px]] Costa Rica, which means "Rich Coast", constitutionally [[Military o Costa Rica|abolisht its airmy]] permanently in 1949 sicweys becomin militarily [[Neutrality (internaitional relations)|neutral]]. It is the anerlie [[Laitin America]]n kintra includit in the leet o the warld’s 22 aulder democracies. Costa Rica haes consistently been amang the tap Latin American kintras in terms o the [[Human Development Index]], an rankit 69t in the warld in 2011. The kintra is rankit 5t in the warld, an 1st amang the [[Americaes]], in terms o the 2012 [[Environmental Performance Index]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Costa Rica| ]] [[Category:Kintras in the Caribbean]] [[Category:Kintras in Central Americae]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1821]] [[Category:Kintras borderin the Paceefic Ocean]] [[Category:Umwhile Spaingie colonies]] [[Category:Leeberal democracies]] [[Category:Republics]] [[Category:Spaingie-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] {{Stub/CentrAm}} 14ja36ch7dwnqz6k2w339y39koul8c8 921019 920957 2026-08-17T23:11:27Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox kintra | conventional_long_name = Republic o Costa Rica | native_name = ''República de Costa Rica'' | common_name = Costa Rica | image_flag = Flag of Costa Rica (state).svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Costa Rica.svg | image_map = Costa Rica (orthographic projection).svg | image_map2 = Map of Costa Rica.svg|275px | national_motto = | national_anthem = {{native phrase|es|"[[Noble patria, tu hermosa bandera]]"|italics=off}}<br />{{small|"Noble mitherland, your bonnie flag"}}<br /><center>[[File:Costa Rica National Anthem.ogg]]</center> | official_languages = [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] | regional_languages = {{hlist |[[Limonese Creole|Mekatelyu]] |[[Bribri leid|Bribri]] |[[Jamaican Patois|Patois]]}} | demonym = {{hlist |[[Costa Ricans|Costa Rican]] |[[Tico]]}} | religion = [[Roman Catholicism in Costa Rica|Roman Catholicism]] | ethnic_groups = {{vunblist | {{nowrap|65.8% [[White fowk|White]]{{\}}[[Castizo]]}} | 13.65% [[Mestizo]] | 9.03% Immigrants | 6.72% [[Mulatto]] | 2.40% [[Indigenous fowks o the Americas|Amerindian]] | 1.03% [[Black fowk|Black]] | 0.21% [[Asie fowk|Asie]] | 0.88% other }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.inec.go.cr/Web/Home/pagPrincipal.aspx |title=Censo Nacional 2011 |access-date=2016-02-17 |archive-date=2012-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327062704/http://www.inec.go.cr/Web/Home/pagPrincipal.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> | capital = [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]] | coordinates = {{Coord|9|56|N|84|5|W|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Presidential seestem|presidential]] [[constitutional republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Preses o Costa Rica|Preses]] | leader_name1 = [[Luis Guillermo Solís]] | leader_title2 = [[Vice Preses o Costa Rica|1st Vice-Preses]] | leader_name2 = [[Helio Fallas Venegas]] | leader_title3 = [[Vice Preses o Costa Rica|2nt Vice-Preses]] | leader_name3 = [[Ana Helena Chacón Echeverría]] | legislature = [[Legislative Assembly o Costa Rica|Legislative Assembly]] | area_rank = 128t | area_magnitude = 1 E10 | area = {{convert|51100|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | area_km2 = 51,100 | area_sq_mi = 19,653 | percent_water = 0.7 | population_census = 4,586,353<ref name=2011Census>{{cite web |url=http://www.elfinancierocr.com/economia-y-politica/Censo_2011-INEC-Centro_Centroamericano_de_Poblacion-correccion_0_266373372.html |title=Costa Rica tiene 4,6 millones de habitantes, según corrección del Censo 2011 |author=El Financiero |publisher=El Financiero, Costa Rica |date=2013-03-20 |accessdate=2013-05-23 |language=Spanish}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 123rd | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 84<ref name=2011Census/> | population_density_sq_mi = 220 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 107t | GDP_PPP = $74.324 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2013&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=71&pr1.y=12&c=238&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Costa Rica |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=2015-09-05}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2015 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $15,365<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $52.800 billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2015 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $10,916<ref name=imf2/> | sovereignty_type = Unthirldom declared | established_event1 = frae [[Spain]] | established_date1 = 15 September 1821 | established_event2 = frae [[First Mexican Empire]] | established_date2 = 1 Julie 1823 | established_event3 = {{nowrap|frae the [[Central American Federation|Unitit Provinces<br>o Central Americae]]}} | established_date3 = 1838 | established_event4 = Recognisit bi Spain | established_date4 = 10 Mey 1850 | established_event5 = Constitution | established_date5 = 7 November 1949<ref name=CIA>{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |title=Costa Rica |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia |year=2011 |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html |accessdate=2011-10-04 |archive-date=2019-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107034112/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2009 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 40.7 <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2011-03-02}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2014<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.766 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report |date=2015 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> | HDI_rank = 69th | currency = [[Costa Rican colón]] | currency_code = CRC | country_code = | time_zone = [[Central Time Zone|CST]] | utc_offset = −6 | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[+506]] | cctld = [[.cr]] }} [[File:Costa Rica, administrative divisions - de - colored.svg|thumb|Territorial organization]] '''Costa Rica''' ({{pron-en|ˌkoʊstə ˈriːkə|En-us-Costa Rica.ogg}}), offeecially the '''Republic o Costa Rica '''({{lang-es|Costa Rica}} or ''{{lang|es|República de Costa Rica}}'', {{IPA-es|reˈpuβlika ðe ˈkosta ˈrika|pron}}) is a kintra in [[Central Americae]], bordered bi [[Nicaragua]] tae the north, [[Panama]] tae the soothaest, the [[Paceefic Ocean]] tae the wast an sooth an the [[Caribbean Sea]] tae the east. [[File:LocationCostaRica.svg|left|310px]] Costa Rica, which means "Rich Coast", constitutionally [[Military o Costa Rica|abolisht its airmy]] permanently in 1949 sicweys becomin militarily [[Neutrality (internaitional relations)|neutral]]. It is the anerlie [[Laitin America]]n kintra includit in the leet o the warld’s 22 aulder democracies. Costa Rica haes consistently been amang the tap Latin American kintras in terms o the [[Human Development Index]], an rankit 69t in the warld in 2011. The kintra is rankit 5t in the warld, an 1st amang the [[Americaes]], in terms o the 2012 [[Environmental Performance Index]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Costa Rica| ]] [[Category:Kintras in the Caribbean]] [[Category:Kintras in Central Americae]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1821]] [[Category:Kintras borderin the Paceefic Ocean]] [[Category:Umwhile Spaingie colonies]] [[Category:Leeberal democracies]] [[Category:Republics]] [[Category:Spaingie-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] {{Stub/CentrAm}} hi8vp532sy70482adkmyqf84ag6108k 0 12883 920981 918477 2026-08-17T18:46:56Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|the kintra|the geografical region|Sudan (region)}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republic o the Sudan | common_name = Sudan | native_name = {{lang|ar|جمهورية السودان}} ([[Arabic]]) <br />''Jumhūriyyat al-Sūdān'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = {{native phrase|ar|النصر لنا|italics=off}}<br />"An-Naṣr lanā"<br />{{small|"Veectory is oprs"}} | national_anthem = {{unbulleted list |{{lang|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}} |''[[Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu Jund Allah, Jund Al-waṭan]]''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|([[transliteration]])}} |{{small|''We are the Sodgers o God, the Sodgers o the Naition''}} |<center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]]</center>}} | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in daurk green, disputit regions in licht green. | image_map2 = Sudan - Location Map (2011) - SDN - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Khartoum]] | coordinates = {{Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = caipital | official_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Arabic]]<br> [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]<ref name=Const>{{cite web |url= http://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/inc_official_electronic_version.pdf |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5hhll7T1t?url=http://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/inc_official_electronic_version.pdf |archivedate= 21 June 2009 |title= 2005 constitution in English |accessdate= 31 May 2013 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5hhll7T1t?url=http://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/inc_official_electronic_version.pdf |date=2009-06-21 }}</ref> }} | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year = | demonym = [[Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese]] | government_type = [[Dominant-pairty seestem|Dominant-pairty]] [[Federation|federal]] [[Presidential seestem|semi-presidential republic]] | leader_title1 = Preses | leader_name1 = Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan (عبد الفتاح عبد الرحمن البرهان) | leader_title2 = Vice Preses | leader_name2 = Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (محمد حمدان دقلو) | leader_title3 = Prime Meenister | leader_name3 = Abdalla Hamdok (عبدالله حمدوك) | legislature = [[Naitional Legislatur (Sudan)|Naitional Legislatur]] | upper_house = [[Cooncil o States (Sudan)|Cooncil o States]] | lower_house = [[Naitional Assembly o Sudan|Naitional Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = [[History o Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Nubia|Nubian kinricks]] | established_date1 = 3500 BC | established_event2 = [[Sennar (sultanate)|Sennar dynasty]] | established_date2 = 1504<ref>{{cite book |last=Rayah |first=Mubarak B. |title=Sudan civilization |publisher=Democratic Republic of the Sudan, Ministry of Culture and Information |year=1978 |page=64}}</ref> | established_event3 = [[History o Sudan (1821–1885)|Unified wi Egyp]] | established_date3 = 1820 | established_event4 = {{nowrap|[[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]]}} | established_date4 = 1899 | established_event5 = Unthirldom (frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]] an [[Egyp]]) | established_date5 = 1 Januar 1956 | established_event6 = [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement|Current constitution]] | established_date6 = 9 Januar 2005 | established_event7 = Secession o [[Sooth Sudan]] | established_date7 = 9 Julie 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15th | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = |population_estimate = 44,909,353<ref>[https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/ Sudan Population 2021]</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 ''(disputit)'' <ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location =Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |accessdate=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census}}</ref> |population_estimate_year = 2021 |population_estimate_rank = 35t | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = $186.715 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=64&pr.y=7&sy=2017&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=732&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2017 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,578<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $115.874 billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $2,841<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 35.3 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2009 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref =<ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2 March 2011}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.490 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report|year=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 165th | currency = [[Sudanese poond]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[East Africae Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[.sd]], [[سودان.]] | religion = [[Islam]] | area_magnitude = }} [[File:Northern Sudan states numbered.svg|thumb|Territorial Organization]] '''Sudan''' ({{pron-en|suːˈdæn}}), offeecially the '''Republic o the Sudan''',<ref name=etym>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=sudan&searchmode=none |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher=Etymonline.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-26}}</ref> is a kintra in northeastren [[Africae]] an the third lairgest kintra in Africae an the Arab warld. It is bordered bi [[Egyp]] to the north, the [[Red Sea]] tae the northeast, [[Eritrea]] an [[Ethiopie]] tae the east, the [[Sooth Sudan]] tae the sooth, [[Chad]] tae the wast an [[Libie]] tae the northwast. The warld's langest river, the [[Nile]], divides the kintra atween east an wast sides.<ref>Collins, Robert O. ''A History of Modern Sudan'' Abid Mohieldin Cambridge University Press, 2008. 3.</ref> == Notes == {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121201103351/http://www.sudan.gov.sd/en/ The Government o Sudan offeecial wabsteid] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/sudan.html Chief o State an Cabinet Members] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017124557/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/sudan.html |date=2012-10-17 }} * {{CIA World Factbook link|su|Sudan}} * [http://www.ancientsudan.org Ancient Sudan: Nubia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514225814/http://www.ancientsudan.org/ |date=2019-05-14 }}. * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/sudan.htm Sudan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611193953/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/sudan.htm |date=2010-06-11 }} frae ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Sudan}} * {{Wikiatlas|Sudan}} * {{Wikivoyage|Sudan}} * [http://reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc104?OpenForm&rc=1&cc=sdn Humanitarian information coverage on ReliefWeb] <!--Keep at top (category corresponding to article) --> {{Commonscat}} <!--Other languages--> [[Category:Sudan| ]] [[Category:Kintras in Africae]] [[Category:African Union member states]] [[Category:Member states o the Arab League]] [[Category:Kintras borderin the Red Sea]] [[Category:Federal kintras]] [[Category:Umwhile Breetish colonies]] [[Category:North Africae]] [[Category:East Africae]] [[Category:Middle Eastren kintras]] [[Category:Militar dictatorship]] [[Category:Arabic-speakin kintras]] [[Category:Least Developed Kintras]] [[Category:Member states o the Organisation o Islamic Cooperation]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1956]] [[Category:Islamic States]] da9o98kt8n027ztyg8z3q7xeak29abk 921000 920981 2026-08-17T22:52:28Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|the kintra|the geografical region|Sudan (region)}} {{Infobox kintra | conventional_long_name = Republic o the Sudan | common_name = Sudan | native_name = {{lang|ar|جمهورية السودان}} ([[Arabic]]) <br />''Jumhūriyyat al-Sūdān'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = {{native phrase|ar|النصر لنا|italics=off}}<br />"An-Naṣr lanā"<br />{{small|"Veectory is oprs"}} | national_anthem = {{unbulleted list |{{lang|ar|نحن جند الله، جند الوطن}} |''[[Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu Jund Allah, Jund Al-waṭan]]''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|([[transliteration]])}} |{{small|''We are the Sodgers o God, the Sodgers o the Naition''}} |<center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]]</center>}} | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = Sudan in daurk green, disputit regions in licht green. | image_map2 = Sudan - Location Map (2011) - SDN - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Khartoum]] | coordinates = {{Coord|15|38|N|032|32|E|type:city}} | largest_city = caipital | official_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Arabic]]<br> [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]<ref name=Const>{{cite web |url= http://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/inc_official_electronic_version.pdf |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5hhll7T1t?url=http://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/inc_official_electronic_version.pdf |archivedate= 21 June 2009 |title= 2005 constitution in English |accessdate= 31 May 2013 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5hhll7T1t?url=http://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/inc_official_electronic_version.pdf |date=2009-06-21 }}</ref> }} | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year = | demonym = [[Sudanese Arabs|Sudanese]] | government_type = [[Dominant-pairty seestem|Dominant-pairty]] [[Federation|federal]] [[Presidential seestem|semi-presidential republic]] | leader_title1 = Preses | leader_name1 = Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan (عبد الفتاح عبد الرحمن البرهان) | leader_title2 = Vice Preses | leader_name2 = Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (محمد حمدان دقلو) | leader_title3 = Prime Meenister | leader_name3 = Abdalla Hamdok (عبدالله حمدوك) | legislature = [[Naitional Legislatur (Sudan)|Naitional Legislatur]] | upper_house = [[Cooncil o States (Sudan)|Cooncil o States]] | lower_house = [[Naitional Assembly o Sudan|Naitional Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = [[History o Sudan|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Nubia|Nubian kinricks]] | established_date1 = 3500 BC | established_event2 = [[Sennar (sultanate)|Sennar dynasty]] | established_date2 = 1504<ref>{{cite book |last=Rayah |first=Mubarak B. |title=Sudan civilization |publisher=Democratic Republic of the Sudan, Ministry of Culture and Information |year=1978 |page=64}}</ref> | established_event3 = [[History o Sudan (1821–1885)|Unified wi Egyp]] | established_date3 = 1820 | established_event4 = {{nowrap|[[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]]}} | established_date4 = 1899 | established_event5 = Unthirldom (frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]] an [[Egyp]]) | established_date5 = 1 Januar 1956 | established_event6 = [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement|Current constitution]] | established_date6 = 9 Januar 2005 | established_event7 = Secession o [[Sooth Sudan]] | established_date7 = 9 Julie 2011 | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_rank = 15th | area_sq_mi = 728215 | percent_water = |population_estimate = 44,909,353<ref>[https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/ Sudan Population 2021]</ref> | population_census = 30,894,000 ''(disputit)'' <ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 |work=News24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |location =Cape Town |date=21 May 2009 |accessdate=8 July 2011 |title=Discontent over Sudan census}}</ref> |population_estimate_year = 2021 |population_estimate_rank = 35t | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 21.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 55.3 | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = $186.715 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=64&pr.y=7&sy=2017&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=732&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Sudan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2017 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,578<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $115.874 billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $2,841<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 35.3 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2009 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref =<ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2 March 2011}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.490 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report|year=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 165th | currency = [[Sudanese poond]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[East Africae Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy <!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[+249]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = [[.sd]], [[سودان.]] | religion = [[Islam]] | area_magnitude = }} [[File:Northern Sudan states numbered.svg|thumb|Territorial Organization]] '''Sudan''' ({{pron-en|suːˈdæn}}), offeecially the '''Republic o the Sudan''',<ref name=etym>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=sudan&searchmode=none |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher=Etymonline.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-26}}</ref> is a kintra in northeastren [[Africae]] an the third lairgest kintra in Africae an the Arab warld. It is bordered bi [[Egyp]] to the north, the [[Red Sea]] tae the northeast, [[Eritrea]] an [[Ethiopie]] tae the east, the [[Sooth Sudan]] tae the sooth, [[Chad]] tae the wast an [[Libie]] tae the northwast. The warld's langest river, the [[Nile]], divides the kintra atween east an wast sides.<ref>Collins, Robert O. ''A History of Modern Sudan'' Abid Mohieldin Cambridge University Press, 2008. 3.</ref> == Notes == {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121201103351/http://www.sudan.gov.sd/en/ The Government o Sudan offeecial wabsteid] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/sudan.html Chief o State an Cabinet Members] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017124557/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/sudan.html |date=2012-10-17 }} * {{CIA World Factbook link|su|Sudan}} * [http://www.ancientsudan.org Ancient Sudan: Nubia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514225814/http://www.ancientsudan.org/ |date=2019-05-14 }}. * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/sudan.htm Sudan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611193953/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/sudan.htm |date=2010-06-11 }} frae ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Sudan}} * {{Wikiatlas|Sudan}} * {{Wikivoyage|Sudan}} * [http://reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc104?OpenForm&rc=1&cc=sdn Humanitarian information coverage on ReliefWeb] <!--Keep at top (category corresponding to article) --> {{Commonscat}} <!--Other languages--> [[Category:Sudan| ]] [[Category:Kintras in Africae]] [[Category:African Union member states]] [[Category:Member states o the Arab League]] [[Category:Kintras borderin the Red Sea]] [[Category:Federal kintras]] [[Category:Umwhile Breetish colonies]] [[Category:North Africae]] [[Category:East Africae]] [[Category:Middle Eastren kintras]] [[Category:Militar dictatorship]] [[Category:Arabic-speakin kintras]] [[Category:Least Developed Kintras]] [[Category:Member states o the Organisation o Islamic Cooperation]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1956]] [[Category:Islamic States]] j8p49817zahzj18p41h1jtm6z9n3cgv 0 13226 920947 917836 2026-08-17T18:22:21Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Kyrgyz Republic |native_name = Кыргыз Республикасы <br/> ''Kyrgyz Respublikasy'' |Кыргызкая Республика> "Kyrgyzskaya Respublika" |common_name = Kyrgyzstan |image_flag = Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg |image_coat = National emblem of Kyrgyzstan.svg |symbol_type = Emblem |image_map = Kyrgyzstan (orthographic projection).svg |national_anthem = <br/>Кыргыз Республикасынын Мамлекеттик Гимни <br>''Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni''<br/>{{small|''Naitional Anthem o the Kyrgyz Republic''}}<br/><center>[[File:National Anthem of Kyrgyzstan.ogg]]</center> |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 72.6% [[Kyrgyzs|Kyrgyz]]<ref name="census">{{cite web | url=http://www.stat.kg/stat.files/din.files/census/5010003.pdf | title=Ethnic composition of the population in Kyrgyzstan 1999–2014 | publisher=National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic | accessdate=14 April 2014 | archive-date=2013-11-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113151445/http://www.stat.kg/stat.files/din.files/census/5010003.pdf | url-status=dead }}{{ru icon}}</ref> | 14.4% [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] | 6.4% [[Roushies|Roushie]] | 1.1% Dungan | 5.5% ithers }} |languages_type = [[Offeecial leid]]s<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eng.gov.kg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20&Itemid=47 |title=Constitution |accessdate=23 September 2009 |publisher=[[Government of Kyrgyzstan]] |quote=<br/>Article 5<br/>1. The state language of the Kyrgyz Republic shall be the Kyrgyz language.<br/>2. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian language shall be used in the capacity of an official language. }}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Kyrgyz leid|Kyrgyz]] {{small|(naitional)}} |[[Roushie leid|Russian]] {{small|(offeecial)}}}} |demonym = {{unbulleted list |Kyrgyzstani<ref name="factbook">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kg.html Kyrgysztan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127011116/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kg.html |date=2015-11-27 }} in the CIA [[World Factbook]].</ref>}} |capital = [[Bishkek]] |coordinates = {{Coord|42|52|N|74|36|E|type:city}} |largest_city = capital |government_type = [[Unitary]] [[Pairliamentary seestem|pairliamentary republic]] |leader_title1 = Preses |leader_name1 = Sadyr Japarov (Садыр Жапаров) |leader_title2 = Prime Meenister |leader_name2 = Akylbek Japarov (Акылбек Жапаров) |legislature = Supreme Cooncil |area_km2 = 199,951 |area_sq_mi = 77,181 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_rank = 86t |percent_water = 3.6 |population_estimate = 6,586,600 |population_estimate_year = 2020 |population_estimate_rank = 110t |population_census = 5,362,800 |population_census_year = 2009 |population_density_km2 = 27.4 |population_density_sq_mi = 71 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 176t |GDP_PPP_year = 2019 |GDP_PPP = $35.324 billion <ref name="WBKG 1">{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?name_desc=false&locations=KG |title=Kyrgyz Republic |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=20 October 2021 |archive-date=2016-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816040157/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?name_desc=false&locations=KG |url-status=dead }}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $5.470<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $8.455 billion<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_year = 2019 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,309<ref name=imf2/> |HDI_year = 2019 <!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI = 0.697 |HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 120t |HDI_category = <span style="color:#fc0;white-space:nowrap;">medium</span> |Gini = 27.7 |Gini_year = 2018 |Gini_category = <span style="color:#fc0;white-space:nowrap;">medium</span> |sovereignty_type = [[History o the Soviet Union (1985–1991)|Unthirldom]] {{nobold|frae the [[Soviet Union]]}} |established_event1 = [[Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast|Kara-Kirghiz AO]] |established_date1 = 14 October 1924 |established_event2 = [[Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic|Kirghiz SSR]] |established_date2 = 5 December 1936 |established_event3 = Unthirldom declared |established_date3 = 31 August 1991 |established_event4 = Recognized |established_date4 = 25 December 1991 |currency = [[Kyrgyzstani som|Som]] |currency_code = KGS |time_zone = [[Kyrgyzstan Time|KGT]] |utc_offset = +5 tae +6 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |drives_on = richt |cctld = [[.kg]] |calling_code = [[+996]] }} [[File:Kyrgyzstanmap.png|thumb|right|350px|Map]] '''Kyrgyzstan''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|ˈ|k|ɜr|ɡ|ɪ|s|t|ɑː|n}} {{respell|KUR|gi-stahn}}; {{lang-ky|'''Кыргызстан'''}} {{IPA-ky|qɯrʁɯzstɑ́n|}}; {{lang-ru|Кыргызстан}} {{IPA-ru|kɨrɡɨsˈtan|}}), offeecially the '''Kyrgyz Republic''' is ane o the sax independent [[Leet o Turkic states an empires|Turkic states]] thegither wi Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan an Kazakhstan. Locatit in [[Central Asie]], [[landlockt]] an mountainous, Kyrgyzstan mairches [[Kazakhstan]] tae the north, [[Uzbekistan]] tae the wast, [[Tajikistan]] tae the soothwast an [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] tae the east. Its [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an [[Leet o ceeties in Kyrgyzstan|lairgest ceety]] is [[Bishkek]]. "[[Kyrgyz]]", is believed tae hae been derived frae the Turkic wird for "fowertie", in reference tae the fowertie clans o [[Epic o Manas|Manas]], a legendary hero who unitit fowertie regional clans against the [[Uyghur Khaganate|Uyghers]]. At the time, in the early 9t century AD, the Uyghers dominatit muckle o Central Asie (includin Kyrgyzstan), Mongolie, an pairts o Roushie an Cheenae.<ref>[http://www.sras.org/news2.phtml?m=483 Forty tribes and the 40-ray sun on the flag of Kyrgyzstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007073629/http://www.sras.org/news2.phtml?m=483 |date=2009-10-07 }}, SRAS–The School of Russian and Asian Studies</ref> Bi extension, Kyrgyz is an aa thocht tae mean "unconquerable" or "undefeatable". The 40-ray sun on the [[banner o Kyrgyzstan]] is a reference tae those same fowertie tribes an the graphical element in the sun's centre depicts the widden croun o a [[yurt]]—a portable dwellin tradeetionally uised bi nomads in the steppes o Central Asie. == Leids == Kyrgyzstan is ane o the twa umwhile Soviet republics in Central Asie tae retain [[Roushie leid|Roushie]] as an [[offeecial leid]] ([[Kazakhstan]] is the ither). It addit the [[Kyrgyz leid]] tae acome an offeecially bilingual kintra in September 1991. This bilingualism wis intendit tae seegnal tae the ethnic Roushies that thay wur walcome in the new independent state, in an effort tae avyde [[human caipital flicht]]. [[Kyrgyz leid|Kyrgyz]] is a member o the [[Turkic leids|Turkic group]] o leids an wis written in the [[Arabic alphabet]] till the twintiet century. [[Laitin alphabet|Laitin script]] wis introduced an adoptit in 1928, an wis subsequently replaced bi [[Cyrillic alphabet#Kyrgyz|Cyrillic script]] in 1941. Generally, fowk unnerstaund an speak Roushie aw ower the kintra, except for some remote muntain auries. Roushie is the mither tongue o the majority o Bishkek dwallers, an maist business an poleetical affairs are cairied oot in this leid. Till recently, Kyrgyz remeened a leid spoken at hame an wis rarely uised durin meetins or ither events. Housomeivver, maist pairlamentar meetins the day are conductit in Kyrgyz, wi simultaneous interpretation available for those no speakin Kyrgyz. == Provinces an destricts == {{Main|Provinces o Kyrgyzstan|Raions o Kyrgyzstan}} Kyrgyzstan is dividit intae seiven [[province]]s (sing. ''[[oblast]]'' (область), pl. ''oblasttar'' (областтар)) admeenistered bi appointit govrenors. The caipital, [[Bishkek]], an the seicont lairgest ceety [[Osh]] are admeenistratively [[independent ceety|independent ceeties]] (''shaar'') wi a status equal tae a province. [[File:Kyrgyzstan provinces map.png|thumb|right|350px|Provinces o Kyrgyzstan]] The provinces, an independent ceeties, are as follaes: # [[Bishkek|Ceety o Bishkek]] # [[Batken Province|Batken]] # [[Chuy Province|Chuy]] # [[Jalal-Abad Province|Jalal-Abad]] # [[Naryn Province|Naryn]] # [[Osh Province|Osh]] # [[Talas Province|Talas]] # [[Issyk Kul Province|Issyk-Kul]] # [[Osh|Ceety o Osh]] Each province comprises a nummer o destricts (''[[raion]]s''), admeenistered bi govrenment-appointit offeecials (''akim''). Rural communities (''ayıl ökmötü''), consistin o up tae 20 sma settlements, hae thair awn electit [[mayor]]s an [[Local govrenment|cooncils]]. == References == {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commonscat|Kyrgyzstan}} ; Government * [http://www.president.kg/ President of Kyrgyzstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202190354/http://president.kg/ |date=2009-02-02 }} official steid * [http://www.gov.kg/ Government of Kyrgyzstan] official steid * [http://kenesh.kg/ Parliament of Kyrgyzstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129115900/http://kenesh.kg/ |date=2020-11-29 }} official steid * [http://www.lexadin.nl/wlg/legis/nofr/oeur/lxwekyr.htm Laws of the Kyrgyz Republic] ; General information * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16186907 Country Profile] fae [[BBC News]] * [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan/ Kyrgyzstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419185252/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan |date=2025-04-19 }}. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080607085109/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/kyrgyzstan.htm Kyrgyzstan] at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * [https://www.ifs.du.edu/IFs/frm_CountryProfile/KG Key Development Forecasts for Kyrgyzstan] fae [[International Futures]] ;Maps * {{wikiatlas|Kyrgyzstan}} [[Category:Kyrgyzstan| ]] [[Category:Central Asie kintras]] [[Category:Turkic kintras]] [[Category:Landlocked kintras]] [[Category:Member states o the Organisation o Islamic Cooperation]] [[Category:Roushie-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1991]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] lrx6dmm96f7n6nkwrxwqjjusr3xyfwk 921030 920947 2026-08-17T23:20:25Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox kintra |conventional_long_name = Kyrgyz Republic |native_name = Кыргыз Республикасы <br/> ''Kyrgyz Respublikasy'' |Кыргызкая Республика> "Kyrgyzskaya Respublika" |common_name = Kyrgyzstan |image_flag = Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg |image_coat = National emblem of Kyrgyzstan.svg |symbol_type = Emblem |image_map = Kyrgyzstan (orthographic projection).svg |national_anthem = <br/>Кыргыз Республикасынын Мамлекеттик Гимни <br>''Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni''<br/>{{small|''Naitional Anthem o the Kyrgyz Republic''}}<br/><center>[[File:National Anthem of Kyrgyzstan.ogg]]</center> |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 72.6% [[Kyrgyzs|Kyrgyz]]<ref name="census">{{cite web | url=http://www.stat.kg/stat.files/din.files/census/5010003.pdf | title=Ethnic composition of the population in Kyrgyzstan 1999–2014 | publisher=National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic | accessdate=14 April 2014 | archive-date=2013-11-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113151445/http://www.stat.kg/stat.files/din.files/census/5010003.pdf | url-status=dead }}{{ru icon}}</ref> | 14.4% [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] | 6.4% [[Roushies|Roushie]] | 1.1% Dungan | 5.5% ithers }} |languages_type = [[Offeecial leid]]s<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eng.gov.kg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20&Itemid=47 |title=Constitution |accessdate=23 September 2009 |publisher=[[Government of Kyrgyzstan]] |quote=<br/>Article 5<br/>1. The state language of the Kyrgyz Republic shall be the Kyrgyz language.<br/>2. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian language shall be used in the capacity of an official language. }}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Kyrgyz leid|Kyrgyz]] {{small|(naitional)}} |[[Roushie leid|Russian]] {{small|(offeecial)}}}} |demonym = {{unbulleted list |Kyrgyzstani<ref name="factbook">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kg.html Kyrgysztan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127011116/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kg.html |date=2015-11-27 }} in the CIA [[World Factbook]].</ref>}} |capital = [[Bishkek]] |coordinates = {{Coord|42|52|N|74|36|E|type:city}} |largest_city = capital |government_type = [[Unitary]] [[Pairliamentary seestem|pairliamentary republic]] |leader_title1 = Preses |leader_name1 = Sadyr Japarov (Садыр Жапаров) |leader_title2 = Prime Meenister |leader_name2 = Akylbek Japarov (Акылбек Жапаров) |legislature = Supreme Cooncil |area_km2 = 199,951 |area_sq_mi = 77,181 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_rank = 86t |percent_water = 3.6 |population_estimate = 6,586,600 |population_estimate_year = 2020 |population_estimate_rank = 110t |population_census = 5,362,800 |population_census_year = 2009 |population_density_km2 = 27.4 |population_density_sq_mi = 71 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 176t |GDP_PPP_year = 2019 |GDP_PPP = $35.324 billion <ref name="WBKG 1">{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?name_desc=false&locations=KG |title=Kyrgyz Republic |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=20 October 2021 |archive-date=2016-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816040157/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?name_desc=false&locations=KG |url-status=dead }}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $5.470<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $8.455 billion<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_year = 2019 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,309<ref name=imf2/> |HDI_year = 2019 <!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI = 0.697 |HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 120t |HDI_category = <span style="color:#fc0;white-space:nowrap;">medium</span> |Gini = 27.7 |Gini_year = 2018 |Gini_category = <span style="color:#fc0;white-space:nowrap;">medium</span> |sovereignty_type = [[History o the Soviet Union (1985–1991)|Unthirldom]] {{nobold|frae the [[Soviet Union]]}} |established_event1 = [[Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast|Kara-Kirghiz AO]] |established_date1 = 14 October 1924 |established_event2 = [[Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic|Kirghiz SSR]] |established_date2 = 5 December 1936 |established_event3 = Unthirldom declared |established_date3 = 31 August 1991 |established_event4 = Recognized |established_date4 = 25 December 1991 |currency = [[Kyrgyzstani som|Som]] |currency_code = KGS |time_zone = [[Kyrgyzstan Time|KGT]] |utc_offset = +5 tae +6 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |drives_on = richt |cctld = [[.kg]] |calling_code = [[+996]] }} [[File:Kyrgyzstanmap.png|thumb|right|350px|Map]] '''Kyrgyzstan''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|ˈ|k|ɜr|ɡ|ɪ|s|t|ɑː|n}} {{respell|KUR|gi-stahn}}; {{lang-ky|'''Кыргызстан'''}} {{IPA-ky|qɯrʁɯzstɑ́n|}}; {{lang-ru|Кыргызстан}} {{IPA-ru|kɨrɡɨsˈtan|}}), offeecially the '''Kyrgyz Republic''' is ane o the sax independent [[Leet o Turkic states an empires|Turkic states]] thegither wi Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan an Kazakhstan. Locatit in [[Central Asie]], [[landlockt]] an mountainous, Kyrgyzstan mairches [[Kazakhstan]] tae the north, [[Uzbekistan]] tae the wast, [[Tajikistan]] tae the soothwast an [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] tae the east. Its [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an [[Leet o ceeties in Kyrgyzstan|lairgest ceety]] is [[Bishkek]]. "[[Kyrgyz]]", is believed tae hae been derived frae the Turkic wird for "fowertie", in reference tae the fowertie clans o [[Epic o Manas|Manas]], a legendary hero who unitit fowertie regional clans against the [[Uyghur Khaganate|Uyghers]]. At the time, in the early 9t century AD, the Uyghers dominatit muckle o Central Asie (includin Kyrgyzstan), Mongolie, an pairts o Roushie an Cheenae.<ref>[http://www.sras.org/news2.phtml?m=483 Forty tribes and the 40-ray sun on the flag of Kyrgyzstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007073629/http://www.sras.org/news2.phtml?m=483 |date=2009-10-07 }}, SRAS–The School of Russian and Asian Studies</ref> Bi extension, Kyrgyz is an aa thocht tae mean "unconquerable" or "undefeatable". The 40-ray sun on the [[banner o Kyrgyzstan]] is a reference tae those same fowertie tribes an the graphical element in the sun's centre depicts the widden croun o a [[yurt]]—a portable dwellin tradeetionally uised bi nomads in the steppes o Central Asie. == Leids == Kyrgyzstan is ane o the twa umwhile Soviet republics in Central Asie tae retain [[Roushie leid|Roushie]] as an [[offeecial leid]] ([[Kazakhstan]] is the ither). It addit the [[Kyrgyz leid]] tae acome an offeecially bilingual kintra in September 1991. This bilingualism wis intendit tae seegnal tae the ethnic Roushies that thay wur walcome in the new independent state, in an effort tae avyde [[human caipital flicht]]. [[Kyrgyz leid|Kyrgyz]] is a member o the [[Turkic leids|Turkic group]] o leids an wis written in the [[Arabic alphabet]] till the twintiet century. [[Laitin alphabet|Laitin script]] wis introduced an adoptit in 1928, an wis subsequently replaced bi [[Cyrillic alphabet#Kyrgyz|Cyrillic script]] in 1941. Generally, fowk unnerstaund an speak Roushie aw ower the kintra, except for some remote muntain auries. Roushie is the mither tongue o the majority o Bishkek dwallers, an maist business an poleetical affairs are cairied oot in this leid. Till recently, Kyrgyz remeened a leid spoken at hame an wis rarely uised durin meetins or ither events. Housomeivver, maist pairlamentar meetins the day are conductit in Kyrgyz, wi simultaneous interpretation available for those no speakin Kyrgyz. == Provinces an destricts == {{Main|Provinces o Kyrgyzstan|Raions o Kyrgyzstan}} Kyrgyzstan is dividit intae seiven [[province]]s (sing. ''[[oblast]]'' (область), pl. ''oblasttar'' (областтар)) admeenistered bi appointit govrenors. The caipital, [[Bishkek]], an the seicont lairgest ceety [[Osh]] are admeenistratively [[independent ceety|independent ceeties]] (''shaar'') wi a status equal tae a province. [[File:Kyrgyzstan provinces map.png|thumb|right|350px|Provinces o Kyrgyzstan]] The provinces, an independent ceeties, are as follaes: # [[Bishkek|Ceety o Bishkek]] # [[Batken Province|Batken]] # [[Chuy Province|Chuy]] # [[Jalal-Abad Province|Jalal-Abad]] # [[Naryn Province|Naryn]] # [[Osh Province|Osh]] # [[Talas Province|Talas]] # [[Issyk Kul Province|Issyk-Kul]] # [[Osh|Ceety o Osh]] Each province comprises a nummer o destricts (''[[raion]]s''), admeenistered bi govrenment-appointit offeecials (''akim''). Rural communities (''ayıl ökmötü''), consistin o up tae 20 sma settlements, hae thair awn electit [[mayor]]s an [[Local govrenment|cooncils]]. == References == {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commonscat|Kyrgyzstan}} ; Government * [http://www.president.kg/ President of Kyrgyzstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202190354/http://president.kg/ |date=2009-02-02 }} official steid * [http://www.gov.kg/ Government of Kyrgyzstan] official steid * [http://kenesh.kg/ Parliament of Kyrgyzstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129115900/http://kenesh.kg/ |date=2020-11-29 }} official steid * [http://www.lexadin.nl/wlg/legis/nofr/oeur/lxwekyr.htm Laws of the Kyrgyz Republic] ; General information * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16186907 Country Profile] fae [[BBC News]] * [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan/ Kyrgyzstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419185252/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan |date=2025-04-19 }}. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080607085109/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/kyrgyzstan.htm Kyrgyzstan] at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * [https://www.ifs.du.edu/IFs/frm_CountryProfile/KG Key Development Forecasts for Kyrgyzstan] fae [[International Futures]] ;Maps * {{wikiatlas|Kyrgyzstan}} [[Category:Kyrgyzstan| ]] [[Category:Central Asie kintras]] [[Category:Turkic kintras]] [[Category:Landlocked kintras]] [[Category:Member states o the Organisation o Islamic Cooperation]] [[Category:Roushie-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1991]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] 943sz9b2qo7plde9icvk4nq9s0fera0 0 13274 920928 873063 2026-08-17T17:34:38Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox U.S. state |Name = Pennsylvanie |Fullname = Commonweel of Pennsylvanie |Flag = Flag of Pennsylvania.svg |Flaglink = [[Banner o Pennsylvanie|Flag]] |Seal = Seal_of_Pennsylvania.svg |Seallink = [[Seal o Pennsylvanie|Seal]] |Coat of arms = PennsylvaniaCOA.png |Coatlink = [[Seal o Pennsylvanie|Coat o airms]] |Nickname = Keystone State;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/things/4280/symbols_of_pennsylvania/478690 |title=Symbols of Pennsylvania |publisher=Portal.state.pa.us |date= |accessdate=May 4, 2014 |archive-date=2012-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428225119/http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/things/4280/symbols_of_pennsylvania/478690 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Quaker State |Motto = Virtue, Leeberty and Unthirldom |Former = Province o Pennsylvanie |OfficialLang = Nane (Inglis, ''de facto'') |Languages = Inglis 90.1%<br />Spainyie 4.1%<br />Ither 5.8%<ref>{{cite web| title=Most spoken languages in Pennsylvania in 2010| url=http://www.mla.org/map_data_results%26SRVY_YEAR%3D2010%26geo%3Dstate%26state_id%3D42%26mode%3Dgeographic| publisher=MLA Data Center| accessdate=November 4, 2012| archive-date=2013-05-27| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527233532/http://www.mla.org/map_data_results%26SRVY_YEAR%3D2010%26geo%3Dstate%26state_id%3D42%26mode%3Dgeographic| url-status=dead}}</ref> |Demonym = Pennsylvanian |Map = Pennsylvania in United States.svg |Capital = [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvanie|Harrisburg]] |LargestCity = [[Philadelphia]] |LargestMetro = [[Delaware Valley]] |Governor = [[Tom Wolf (politeecian)|Tom Wolf]] ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|D]]) |Lieutenant Governor = [[Michael J. Stack III|Mike Stack]] ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|D]]) |Legislature = General Assembly |Upperhouse = State Senate |Lowerhouse = Hoose o Representatives |Senators = [[Bob Casey, Jr.]] (D)<br />[[Pat Toomey]] (R) |Representative = 13 Republicans, 5 Democrats |PostalAbbreviation = PA |TradAbbreviation = Pa. or Penna. |StateAnthem = [[Pennsylvanie (sang)|Pennsylvanie]] |PopRank = 5t |2010Pop = 12,802,503 (2015 est)<ref name=PopEstUS>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2015/tables/NST-EST2015-01.csv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223235718/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2015/tables/NST-EST2015-01.csv |dead-url=yes |archive-date=December 23, 2015 |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015 (NST-EST2015-01) |format=[[comma-separated values|CSV]] |work=2015 Population Estimates |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division |date=December 23, 2015 |accessdate=December 23, 2015 }}</ref> |DensityRank = 9t |2000DensityUS = 284 |2000Density = 110 |MedianHouseholdIncome = $60,389<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|work=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|title=Median Annual Household Income|accessdate=December 9, 2016}}</ref> |IncomeRank = 26t |AreaRank = 33rd |TotalAreaUS = 46,055 |TotalArea = 119,283 |LandAreaUS = 44,816.61 |LandArea = 116,074 |WaterAreaUS = 1,239 |WaterArea = 3,208 |PCWater = 2.7 |AdmittanceOrder = 2nt |AdmittanceDate = 12 Dizember 1787 |TimeZone = [[Eastren Time Zone (North Americae)|Eastren]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]] [[Eastren Time Zone|−5]]/[[Eastren Daylicht Time|−4]] |Longitude = 74° 41′ to 80° 31′ W |Latitude = 39° 43′ to 42° 16′ N |WidthUS = 280 |Width = 455 |LengthUS = 160 |Length = 255 |HighestPoint = [[Mount Davis (Pennsylvanie)|Mount Davis]]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web |url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |title=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |year=2001 |accessdate=October 24, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |archivedate=2011-10-15 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name = NAVD88>Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].</ref> |HighestElevUS = 3,213 |HighestElev = 979 |MeanElevUS = 1,100 |MeanElev = 340 |LowestPoint = [[Delaware River]] at {{nobreak|[[Delaware]] border}}<ref name=USGS /> |LowestElevUS = 0 |LowestElev = 0 |ISOCode = US-PA |Website = http://www.pa.gov/ }} {{Infobox U.S. state symbols |Flag = Flag of Pennsylvania.svg |Seal = Seal of Pennsylvania.svg |Name = Pennsylvanie |Bird = [[Ruffed grouse]] |Dog = [[Great Dane]] |Fish = [[Brook trout]] |Flower = [[Kalmia latifolia|Mountain laurel]] |Insect = [[Firefly]] |Mammal = [[White-tailed deer]] |Tree = [[Eastern hemlock]] |Beverage = Milk |Dance = [[Polka]] |Fossil = [[Trilobite]] |Soil = Hazleton |Song = "[[Pennsylvanie (sang)|Pennsylvanie]]" |Route Marker = PA-18.svg |Quarter = 1999 PA Proof.png |QuarterReleaseDate = 1999 }} {{stack end}} '''Pennsylvanie''' ({{lang-en|Pennsylvania|link=no}}; Pennsylvanie German: {{lang|pdc|Pennsilfaani}}) is a state in the [[Unitit States|Unitit States o Americae]]. It is bund bi sax states ([[New Jersey]] an [[Delaware]] tae the east, [[New York (state)|New York]] tae the north, [[Maryland]] an [[Wast Virginie]] tae the sooth, an [[Ohio]] tae the wast) an bi [[Canadae]] at [[Loch Erie]]. The state is ane o the [[Thirteen Colonies|13 oreeginal foondin states]] o the Unitit States; it cam intae bein in 1681 as a result o a ryal [[laund grant]] tae [[William Penn]], the son o the state's namesak. Pairt o Pennsylvanie (alang the Delaware River), thegither wi the present State o Delaware, haed earlier been organised as the Colony o New Swaden. It wis the seicont state tae ratifee the [[Unitit States Constitution]], on 12 December 1787. [[Independence Hall]], whaur the [[Unitit States Declaration o Unthirldom]] an Unitit States Constitution war drauchtit, is locatit in the state's [[Leet o ceeties in Pennsylvanie|lairgest ceety]] o Philadelphia. In the [[American Ceevil War]], the [[Battle o Gettysburg]] wis focht in the [[Sooth Central Pennsylvanie|sooth central]] region o the state. [[Valley Forge Naitional Historical Pairk|Valley Forge]] near Philadelphia wis [[George Washington|General Washington]]'s heidquarters in the bitter winter o 1777–78. ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Fremmit airtins== ;State govrenment * [http://www.pa.gov/ {{PAGENAME}} state govrenment wabsteid] {{Commonscat}} ==Relatit information== {{Navboxes |title= [[File:Nuvola apps kpdf2.png|25px]] Topics relatit tae {{PAGENAME}} |state=off |list1=</span> {{{{PAGENAME}}|expanded}} {{Unitit States poleetical diveesions}} {{Unitit States topics}} }} [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}| ]] [[Category:States o the Unitit States]] {{Stub/USA}} 7t9ahryhs3zz1pk52ots9l70ibzh43t 0 13427 920937 915675 2026-08-17T17:55:40Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Shanghai |official_name = Municipality o Shanghai • {{lang|zh-cn|上海市}} |native_name = {{lang|zh-cn|上海}} |settlement_type = [[Direct-controlled municipality o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Municipality]] |total_type = Municipality |image_skyline = Shanghai montage.png |image_caption = Clockwise frae top: A view o the [[Pudong]] skyline; [[Yuyuan Garden]], China Pavilion alang wi the [[Expo Axis]], neon signs on [[Nanjing Road (Shanghai)|Nanjing Road]], an [[The Bund]] |image_map = Shanghai in China (+all claims hatched).svg |map_caption = Location o Shanghai Municipality athin Cheenae |image_map1 = |map_caption1 = |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] |established_title = Settled |established_date = 5t–7t century |established_title1 = Incorporatit<br />&nbsp;- Toun |established_date1 = <br />751 |established_title2 = &nbsp;- Coonty |established_date2 = 1292 |established_title3 = &nbsp;- Municipality |established_date3 = 7 Julie 1927 |parts_type = Diveesions<br />&nbsp;- [[Coonty-level diveesion|Coonty-level]]<br />&nbsp;- [[Admeenistrative diveesions o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae#Tounship level|Tounship-<br/>level]] |parts = <br />[[Leet o admeenistrative diveesions o Shanghai|16 destricts, 1 coonty]]<br />210 touns an subdestricts |government_type = [[Direct-controlled municipality o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Municipality]] |leader_title = [[Pairty chief o the Communist Pairty o Cheenae|CPC Ctte Secretary]] |leader_name = [[Han Zheng]] |leader_title1 = Mayor |leader_name1 = [[Yang Xiong (politeecian)|Yang Xiong]] |leader_title2 = Congress Chairman |leader_name2 = Yin Yicui |leader_title3 = Conference Chairman |leader_name3 = Wu Zhiming |area_total_km2 = 6340.5 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = 697 |area_urban_km2 = |area_footnotes = <ref name=mofcom>{{cite web|title=Doing Business in China - Survey|url=http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/|publisher=Ministry Of Commerce - People's Republic Of China|accessdate=5 August 2013|archive-date=2013-08-05|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130805091244/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="landarea">{{cite web |url=http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node23919/node24059/node24061/userobject22ai36484.html |title=Land Area |work=Basic Facts |publisher=Shanghai Municipal Government |accessdate=19 July 2011 |archive-date=2011-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003033611/http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node23919/node24059/node24061/userobject22ai36484.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="waterresources">{{cite web |url=http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node23919/node24059/node24061/userobject22ai36486.html |title=Water Resources |work=Basic Facts |publisher=Shanghai Municipal Government |accessdate=19 July 2011 |archive-date=2011-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003033713/http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node23919/node24059/node24061/userobject22ai36486.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |elevation_m = 4 |elevation_footnotes = <ref name="topo">{{cite web |url=http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node23919/node24059/node24061/userobject22ai36485.html |title=Topographic Features |work=Basic Facts |publisher=Shanghai Municipal Government |accessdate=19 July 2011 |archive-date=2011-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003033931/http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node23919/node24059/node24061/userobject22ai36485.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_total = 24256800 |population_as_of = 2014 |population_footnotes = <ref name="bulletin2014">{{cite web |url=http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/sjfb/201502/277392.html |trans-title=Shanghai Economic and Social Development Statistical Bulletin 2014 |script-title=zh:2014年上海市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |publisher=Shanghai Bureau of Statistics |language=Chinese |date=2015-02-28 |accessdate=2015-05-01 |archive-date=2015-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150309200433/http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/sjfb/201502/277392.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_density_km2 = auto |population_rank=[[Leet o ceeties in Cheenae bi urban population|1st in Cheenae]] |population_metro =34000000 |population_metro_footnotes = &nbsp;(2010)<ref name="unpd">{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en|title=OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|accessdate=2015-05-01}}</ref> |population_demonym = Shanghainese |timezone = [[Cheenae Staundart Time]] |utc_offset = +8 |coor_type = |coordinates = {{coord|31|12|N|121|30|E|region:CN-31|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = [[Postal code o Cheenae|Postal code]] |postal_code = '''2000'''00–'''2021'''00 |area_code = [[Telephone numbers in Cheenae|21]] |blank_name = GDP<ref name="GDP">{{cite news |url=http://www.dfdaily.com/html/3/2012/1/20/733021.shtml |title=上海人均GDP超北京全国最高 |newspaper=Dongfang Daily |language=Chinese |date=20 January 2012 |access-date=2015-07-23 |archive-date=2012-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123031652/http://www.dfdaily.com/html/3/2012/1/20/733021.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> |blank_info = 2014 |blank1_name = &nbsp;- Tot |blank1_info = [[Renminbi|CNY]]2.356&nbsp;trillion <br/> US$383.55&nbsp;billion ([[Leet o Cheenese admeenistrative diveesions bi GDP|11t]]) |blank2_name = &nbsp;- Per capita |blank2_info = CNY97,555 <br/> US$15,880 ([[Leet o Cheenese admeenistrative diveesions bi GDP per capita|3rd]]) |blank3_name = &nbsp;- Growth |blank3_info = {{increase}} 7% |blank4_name = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2010) |blank4_info = 0.814<ref name="2013 report">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cn.undp.org/content/dam/china/docs/Publications/UNDP-CH-HD-Publication-NHDR_2013_EN_final.pdf|format=PDF|script-title=zh:《2013中国人类发展报告》|year=2013|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] China|language=zh|accessdate=5 January 2014|archive-date=2014-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611132435/http://www.cn.undp.org/content/dam/china/docs/Publications/UNDP-CH-HD-Publication-NHDR_2013_EN_final.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> ([[Leet o admeenistrative diveesions o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae bi Human Development Index|2nt]]) – <span style="color:#090;">very heich</span> |blank5_name = [[Licence plates o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Licence plate]] prefixes |blank5_info = 沪A, B, D, E, F, G, H, J, K<br />沪C (outer suburbs) |blank6_name = Ceety flouer |blank6_info = [[Magnolia denudata|Yulan magnolia]] |website = <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/ www.shanghai.gov.cn]</span> }} '''Shanghai''' ({{zh|c=[[wikt:上|上]][[wikt:海|海]]|p=Shànghǎi}}; [[Shanghainese]]: Zånhae {{IPA|[z̥ɑ̃̀hé]}}; Mandarin: {{IPA-cmn|ʂɑ́ŋxài|}}) is the maist populous ceety in [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] an the [[Leet o ceeties proper bi population|lairgest ceety proper]] in the warld. A [[global ceety]], Shanghai exerts influence ower commerce, finance, cultur, airt, fashion, research an entertainment. The ceety is locatit at the middle portion o the Cheenese coast, an sits at the mouth o the [[Yangtze River]]. Ance a [[Fishin industry in Cheenae|fishin]] an textiles toun, Shanghai grew tae importance in the 19t century due tae its [[Port o Shanghai|favourable port location]] an as ane o the ceeties opened tae foreign trade bi the 1842 [[Treaty o Nanking]].<ref name="nanking"> {{cite book |last = Mackerras |first = Colin |title = The New Cambridge Handbook of Contemporary China |url = https://archive.org/details/newcambridgehand0000mack |publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] |year = 2001 |page = [https://archive.org/details/newcambridgehand0000mack/page/242 242] |isbn = 0521786746 }}</ref> The ceety flourished as a centre o commerce atween [[Far East|east]] an [[wastren warld|wast]], an became a multinaitional hub o finance an business bi the 1930s.<ref name="1930hub">{{cite web |title=A Glimpse at 1930s Shanghai |url=http://www.shanghaiexpat.com/Article139.phtml |publisher=Yoran Beisher |date=2003-09-24 |accessdate=2008-03-20 |archive-date=2008-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121154533/http://www.shanghaiexpat.com/Article139.phtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Efter 1990, the [[Economic reform in the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|economic reforms]] introduced bi [[Deng Xiaoping]] resultit in intense re-development an financin in Shanghai, an in 2005 Shanghai became the warld's lairgest cargo port.<ref name="largest port">{{cite web |title=Shanghai now the world's largest cargo port |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/HA07Cb02.html |publisher=[[Asia Times Online]] |date=2006-01-07 |accessdate=2008-03-20 |archive-date=2018-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009220305/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/HA07Cb02.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ceety is a [[tourism|tourist]] destination renouned for its historical landmarks such as [[the Bund]] an [[City God Temple]], an its modern an iver-expandin [[Pudong]] skyline includin the [[Oriental Pearl Tower]]. Today, Shanghai is the lairgest centre o commerce an finance in [[mainland Cheenae]], an haes been described as the "showpiece" o the warld's [[Economy o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|fastest-growin major economy]].<ref name="showpiece"> {{cite news |title=Shanghai: China's capitalist showpiece |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7373394.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2008-05-21 |accessdate=2008-08-07 }}</ref><ref> {{cite web |title=Of Shanghai... and Suzhou |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2003/01/27/stories/2003012700170300.htm |publisher=The Hindu Business Line |date=2003-01-27 |accessdate=2008-03-20 }}</ref> == Etymology an Names == The twa [[Cheenese character]]s in the ceety's name are {{linktext|上}} (''shàng'') 'abuin' an {{linktext|海}} (''hǎi'') 'sea' which thegither literally mean 'Upper Sea'. The earliest occurrence o this name dates frae the [[Song Dynasty]] (11t century), at which time there wis awready a river confluence an a toun wi this name in the aurie. There are disputes as tae exactly hou the name shoud be interpretit, but offeecial local histories hae consistently said that it signifies 'The upper ''reaches'' o the sea'. Due tae the changin coastline, Cheenese historians hae concludit that in the Tang Dynasty Shanghai wis literally on the sea, hence the oreegin o the name.<ref name="Danielson, Eric N. 2004, pp.8-9">Danielson, Eric N., Shanghai and the Yangzi Delta, 2004, pp.8–9.</ref> Anither readin an aa suggests the sense o "go ontae the sea," which is consistent wi the seaport status o the ceety. A mair poetic name for Shanghai switches the order o the twa characters, ''Hǎishàng'' ({{linktext|海|上}}), an is aften uised for terms relatit tae Shanghainese airt an cultur. Shanghai is commonly abbreviatit in Cheenese as ''Hù'' (simp: {{linktext|沪}}/trad: {{linktext|滬}}). This character appears on aw motor vehicle license plates issued in the municipality today. This is derived frae ''Hu Du'' (simp: {{linktext|沪|渎}}/trad: {{linktext|滬|瀆}}), the name o an ancient fishin village that ance stood at the confluence o [[Suzhou Creek]] an the Huangpu River back in the Tang Dynasty.<ref name="Danielson, Eric N. 2004, pp.8-9"/> The character Hu is aften combined wi that for Song, as in Wusong Kou, Wu Song River, an Songjiang tae form the nickname '''Song Hu'''. For example, the Japanese attack on Shanghai in August 1937 is commonly cawed the Song Hu Battle. Anither early name for Shanghai wis Hua Ting, nou juist the name o a fower star hotel in the ceety.<ref name="Danielson, Eric N. 2004, pp.8-9"/> Ane ither commonly uised nickname ''Shēn'' ({{linktext|申}}) is derived frae the name o ''Chunshen Jun ''({{linktext|春|申|君}}), a nobleman an locally revered hero o the [[Chu (state)|Chu Kinrick]] in the 3rd century BC whose territory includit the Shanghai aurie. Sports teams an newspapers in Shanghai aften use the character ''Shēn'' ({{linktext|申}}) in their names. Shanghai is an aa commonly cawed ''Shēnchéng'' ({{linktext|申|城}}, "Ceety o Shēn"). == Twin touns an sister ceeties == Shanghai haes [[twin touns an sister ceeties|ceety pairtnerships]] wi the follaein ceeties an regions:<ref>http://www.shfao.gov.cn/wsb/english/Sister_Cities/index.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518123518/http://www.shfao.gov.cn/wsb/english/Sister_Cities/index.html |date=2011-05-18 }}</ref> {| cellpadding="10" |- valign="top" | *{{flagicon|Japan}} '''[[Yokohama]]''', [[Japan]] - ''1973'' *{{flagicon|Japan}} '''[[Osaka]]''', [[Japan]] - ''1974'' *{{flagicon|Italy}} '''[[Milan]]''', [[Italy]] - ''1979'' *{{flagicon|Netherlands}} '''[[Rotterdam]]''', [[Netherlands]] - ''1979'' *{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[San Francisco]]''', [[Unitit States]] - ''1979'' *{{flagicon|Japan}} '''[[Osaka Prefectur]]''', [[Japan]] - ''1980'' *{{flagicon|Croatia}} '''[[Zagreb]]''', [[Croatie]] - ''1980'' *{{flagicon|North Korea}} '''[[Hamhung]]''', [[North Korea]] - ''1982'' *{{flagicon|Philippines}} '''[[Manila]]''', [[Philippines]] - ''1983'' *{{flagicon|Belgium}} '''[[Antwerp]]''', [[Belgium]] - ''1984'' *{{flagicon|Pakistan}} '''[[Karachi]]''', [[Pakistan]] - ''1984'' *{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Chicago]]''', [[Unitit States]] - ''1985'' *{{flagicon|Canada}} '''[[Montreal]]''', [[Canadae]] - ''1985'' *{{flagicon|Greece}} '''[[Piraeus]]''', [[Greece]] - ''1985'' *{{flagicon|Poland}} '''[[Gdańsk]]''', [[Poland]] - ''1985'' *{{flagicon|Japan}} '''[[Nagasaki Prefectur]]''', [[Japan]] - ''1986'' *{{flagicon|Germany}} '''[[Hamburg]]''', [[Germany]] - ''1986'' *{{flagicon|Morocco}} '''[[Casablanca]]''', [[Morocco]] - ''1986'' *{{flagicon|Swaden}} '''[[Gothenburg]]''', [[Swaden]] - ''1986'' *{{flagicon|France}} '''[[Marseille]]''', [[Fraunce]] - ''1987'' *{{flagicon|Brazil}} '''[[São Paulo]]''', [[Brazil]] - ''1988'' *{{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Saunt Petersburg]]''', [[Roushie]] - ''1988'' *{{flagicon|Turkey}} '''[[Istanbul]]''', [[Turkey]] - ''1989'' *{{flagicon|Vietnam}} '''[[Ho Chi Minh Ceety]]''', [[Vietnam]] - ''1990'' *{{flagicon|Egypt}} '''[[Alexandria]]''', [[Egyp]] - ''1992'' *{{flagicon|South Korea}} '''[[Busan]]''', [[Republic o Korea|Sooth Korea]] - ''1993'' *{{flagicon|Vanuatu}} '''[[Port Vila]]''', [[Vanuatu]] - ''1994'' *{{flagicon|New Zealand}} '''[[Dunedin]]''', [[New Zealand]] - ''1994'' *{{flagicon|Israel}} '''[[Haifa]]''', [[Israel]] - ''1994'' *{{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} '''[[Tashkent]]''', [[Uzbekistan]] - ''1994'' *{{flagicon|Portugal}} '''[[Porto]]''', [[Portugal]] - ''1995'' || || *{{flagicon|Yemen}} '''[[Aden]]''', [[Yemen]] - ''1995'' *{{flagicon|Namibia}} '''[[Windhoek]]''', [[Namibie]] - ''1995'' *{{flagicon|UK}} '''[[Lunnon]]''', [[Unitit Kinrick]] - ''1996'' *{{flagicon|Cuba}} '''[[Santiago de Cuba]]''', [[Cuba]] - ''1996'' *{{flagicon|Argentina}} '''[[Rosario, Santa Fe|Rosario]]''', [[Argentinae]] - ''1997'' *{{flagicon|Finland}} '''[[Espoo]]''', [[Finland]] - ''1998'' *{{flagicon|Mexico}} '''[[Jalisco]]''', [[Mexico]] - ''1998'' *{{flagicon|UK}} '''[[Liverpuil]]''', [[Unitit Kinrick]] - ''1999'' *{{flagicon|Mozambique}} '''[[Maputo]]''', [[Mozambique]] - ''1999'' *{{flagicon|the United Arab Emirates}} '''[[Dubai]]''', [[Unitit Arab Emirates]] - ''2000'' *{{flagicon|Thailand}} '''[[Chiang Mai]]''', [[Thailand]] - ''2000'' *{{flagicon|South Africa}} '''[[KwaZulu-Natal]]''', [[Sooth Africae]] - ''2001'' *{{flagicon|Ecuador}} '''[[Guayaquil]]''', [[Ecuador]] - ''2001'' *{{flagicon|Chile}} '''[[Valparaíso]]''', [[Chile]] - ''2001'' *{{flagicon|Spain}} '''[[Barcelona]]''', [[Spain]] - ''2001'' *{{flagicon|Norway}} '''[[Oslo]]''', [[Norawa]] - ''2001'' *{{flagicon|Romania}} '''[[Constanţa]]''', [[Romanie]] - ''2002'' *{{flagicon|Algeria}} '''[[Algiers]]''', [[Algerie]] - ''2003'' *{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} '''[[Colombo]]''', [[Sri Lanka]] - ''2003'' *{{flagicon|Denmark}} '''[[Aarhus Coonty]]''', [[Denmark]] - ''2003'' *{{flagicon|Slovakia}} '''[[Bratislava Region]]''', [[Slovakie]] - ''2003'' *{{flagicon|New Zealand}} '''[[Hauraki Destrict]]''', [[New Zealand]] - ''2003'' *{{flagicon|Austria}} '''[[Salzburg]]''', [[Austria]] - ''2004'' *{{flagicon|Cyprus}} '''[[Nicosia]]''', [[Cyprus]] - ''2004'' *{{flagicon|Ireland}} '''[[Cork (ceety)|Cork]]''', [[Repulic o Ireland|Ireland]] - ''2005'' *{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem]]''', [[Unitit States]] - ''2006'' *{{flagicon|Switzerland}} '''[[Basel]]''', [[Swisserland]] - ''2007'' *{{flagicon|Sweden}} '''[[Borås]]''', [[Swaden]] - ''2007'' *{{flagicon|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} '''[[Sarajevo]]''', [[Bosnie an Herzegovinae]] - ''2008'' *{{flagicon|Brazil}} '''[[Manaus]]''', [[Brazil]] - ''2009'' *{{flagicon|Armenia}} '''[[Yerevan]]''', [[Armenie]] - ''2009'' |} == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Cheenae]] [[Category:Independent ceeties]] [[Category:Metropolitan auries o Cheenae]] [[Category:Municipalities o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] [[Category:Port ceeties an touns in Cheenae]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 10t century]] [[Category:Shanghai| ]] [[Category:Treaty o Nanking]] [[Category:Yangtze River Delta]] 55520qbby4ncop8i2vpw0q5hpxasls5 0 14176 921064 908094 2026-08-18T07:54:20Z CiphriusKane 74958 Remuiv archive.today airtin 921064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Aboot|the ceity Chiang Mai}} {{unsoorced}} '''Chiang Mai''' ({{lang-th|{{Audio|Th-Chiang Mai.ogg|เชียงใหม่}}}}, {{IPA-th|tɕʰiəŋ màj|IPA}}, [[Lanna leid|Lanna]]) whiles scrieved as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai", is the maistmuckle culturally significant city in northren [[Thailand]], an is the caipital o [[Chiang Mai Province]]. It is locatit 700&nbsp;km (435&nbsp;mi) north o [[Bangkok]], amang the heichest muntains in the kintras. The city is on the Ping river, a muckle tributary o the Chao Phraya river. In recent yeir, Chiang Mai haes become an increasingly modren an attracts approximately 1 million visitors ilk yeir. Chiang Mai gaint prominence in the political sphere in Mey 2006, whan the Chiang Mai Initiative wis concludit here atween the [[ASEAN]] naitions an the "+3" kintras ([[Cheenae]], [[Japan]], an the [[Republic o Korea]]). Chiang Mai's historic importance derivit frae its strategic location on the Ping river an major trade routes. The city haes lang been a major centre fur haundcraftit guids, [[umberellae]]s, jewelry (particularly [[siller]]) an widcairvin. Whiles officially the city (''thesaban nakhon'') o Chiang Mai ae covers maist pairts o the Mueang Chiang Mai destrict wi a population o 150,000, the urban sprawl o the city nou extends intae seevral neighborin destricts. This Chiang Mai Metropolitan Area haes a population o nearly ane million fowk, mair nor hauf the total o [[Chiang Mai Province]]. The city is sub-dealt intae fower wairds (''khwaeng''): Nakhon Ping, Srivijaya, Mengrai, an Kawila. The first three are on the wast bank o the Ping River, an Kawila is locatit on the east bank. The Nakhon Ping destrict is makkit up o the north side o the ceity. Srivijaya, Mengrai, an Kawila are makkit up o the wast, sooth, an east. The city centre —athin the city waws—is maistly wi Srivijaya ward. == Sister cities == <!-- Dinnae confuse wi Chiang Mai Province, whilk haes sister cities anaa --> * [[File:Flag of Japan.svg|20px]] [[Uozu]], [[Japan]] (8 August 1989) * [[File:Flag of Japan.svg|20px]] [[Saitama Prefectur]], Japan (9 November 1992) * [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|20px]] [[Kunming|Kunming, Yunnan]], [[Cheenae]] (7 June 1999) * [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|20px]] [[Harbin]], China (29 Aprile 2008) == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{#invoke:coordinates|coord|display=title}} [[Category:Populatit places in Thailand]] [[Category:Chiang Mai| ]] rewpb4b7kmkhfdjewu6k6z8x3jaqtos 0 15155 920905 916895 2026-08-17T16:46:52Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Infobox settlement |name = Los Angeles |official_name = City of Los Angeles |settlement_type = Ceety |nickname = L.A., the Ceety o Angels,<ref>{{cite news|title=Atlanta works on its sales pitch: Convention bureau's chief sticks to basics in marketing the city|last=Stafford|first=Leon|work=The Atlanta Journal – Constitution|date=January 7, 2010|page=1|url=http://www6.lexisnexis.com/publisher/EndUser?Action=UserDisplayFullDocument&orgId=574&topicId=100020422&docId=l:1103602102&start=4|accessdate=October 1, 2011|archive-date=2011-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126202604/http://www6.lexisnexis.com/publisher/EndUser?Action=UserDisplayFullDocument&orgId=574&topicId=100020422&docId=l%3A1103602102&start=4|url-status=dead}}</ref> Angeltown,<ref>{{cite news|title=A Teflon Metropolis Where No Nicknames Stick|last=Smith|first=Jack|work=Los Angeles Times|date=October 12, 1989|page=1|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-10-12/news/vw-168_1_los-angeles|accessdate=October 1, 2011|archive-date=2011-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213223952/http://articles.latimes.com/1989-10-12/news/vw-168_1_los-angeles|url-status=dead}}</ref> La-La Land<ref>{{cite news | url = http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/03/la-la-land-now-the-dictionary-definition-of-los-angeles.html | title = 'La-La Land,' now the dictionary definition of Los Angeles | publisher = Los Angeles Times | date = March 25, 2011 | accessdate =September 29, 2011}}</ref> |website = [http://www.lacity.org/ lacity.org] |image_skyline = New LA Infobox Pic Montage 5.jpg |image_caption = [[Downtown Los Angeles]], [[Venice, Los Angeles|Venice]], [[Griffith Observatory]], [[Hollywood Sign]] |image_flag = Flag of Los Angeles, California.svg |image_seal = Seal of Los Angeles.svg |image_map = LA County Incorporated Areas Los Angeles highlighted.svg |map_caption = Location athin [[Los Angeles Coonty]] in the state o Californie |pushpin_map = USA |pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Unitit States |subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] |subdivision_name = [[Unitit States]] |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Californie]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Leet o coonties in Californie|Coonty]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Los Angeles Coonty|Los Angeles]] |government_type = [[Mayor-cooncil govrenment|Mayor-Cooncil]] |governing_body = [[Los Angeles Ceety Cooncil]] |leader_title = [Mayor |leader_name = [[Eric Garcetti]] |leader_title1 = Ceety Attorney |leader_name1 = [[Mike Feuer]] |leader_title2 = Ceety Controller |leader_name2 = [[Ron Galperin]] <!-- Area------------------> |area_magnitude = | unit_pref = US | area_footnotes = <ref name=gazetteer>{{cite web| url= http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt| title = Gazetteer | publisher= U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=September 28, 2011}}</ref> | area_total_sq_mi = 502.693 | area_land_sq_mi = 468.670 | area_water_sq_mi = 34.023 | area_total_km2 = 1301.970 | area_land_km2 = 1213.850 | area_water_km2 = 88.119 | area_water_percent = 6.77 | area_note = |population_as_of = [[2010 Unitit States Census|2010]] |population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table|work=American FactFinder|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=9 August 2012}}</ref> |population_total = 3,792,621 |population_rank = ([[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|2nt US]], [[Leet o ceeties proper bi population|48t Warld]])<!--Do ''not'' change this to the 4.0&nbsp;million that the CA Dept of Finance has. For more info, see the talk page archives--> |population_urban = |population_metro = 12,828,837 |population_blank1_title = [[Combined statistical area|CSA]] |population_blank1 = 17786419 |population_demonym = Angeleno |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = 8092.30 |population_footnotes = |timezone = [[Paceefic Time Zone|PST]] |utc_offset = -8 |timezone_DST = PDT |utc_offset_DST = −7 |coordinates = {{coord|34|03|N|118|15|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = 71 |elevation_ft = 233 (ceety haw) |postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]] |postal_code = 90001–90068, 90070–90084, 90086–90089, 90091, 90093–90097, 90099, 90101–90103, 90174, 90185, 90189, 90291-90293, 91040–91043, 91303–91308, 91342–91349, 91352–91353, 91356–91357, 91364–91367, 91401–91499, 91601–91609 |area_code = [[Area code 213|213]], [[Area code 310|310/424]], [[Area code 323|323]], [[Area code 661|661]], [[Area code 818|747/818]] |established_title = Settled |established_date = 4 September 1781 |established_title2 = Incorporatit |established_date2 = 4 Aprile 1850 |footnotes = }} '''Los Angeles''' ({{pron-en|lɔːs ˈændʒələs}} {{respell|lawss|AN|jə-ləs}};<ref>{{IPA-en|lɒs ˈændʒəliːz|UK}} {{respell|loss|AN|jə-leez}}</ref> {{IPA-es|los ˈaŋxeles|lang}}, Spaingie fur "The Angels") is the maist populous ceety in [[Californie]] an haes the [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|seicont maist fowk]] in the [[Unitit States]],<ref name=PopEstBugCities>{{Cite web| url=http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2008-01.csv| title=Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July&nbsp;1, 2005 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2005| format=[[comma-separated values|CSV]]| work=2008 Population Estimates| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division| date=June 20, 2006| accessdate=January 26, 2007}}</ref> wi 3.83&nbsp;million fowk<!--Do ''not'' change this to the 4.0&nbsp;million that the CA Dept of Finance has. For more info, see the talk page --><ref>{{Cite web| url = http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0644000.html| title = Los Angeles (city) Quickfacts| work = [[US Census Bureau]]| accessdate = October 14, 2008| date = July 25, 2008| archive-date = 2012-08-22| archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/6A73lV8Wv?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0644000.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> on a laund area o 498.3 square miles (1,290.6 km2). It is the focal pynt o the lairger [[Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA CSA|Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside combined area]], whilk conteens nearly 17.8&nbsp;million fowk. Los Angeles is the [[coonty seat|seat]] o [[Los Angeles Coonty, Californie|Los Angeles Coonty]], the maist populatit an ane o the [[coonty (US)|coonties]]<ref>{{Cite web |author=Les Christie |url=http://money.cnn.com/2007/08/08/real_estate/most_diverse_counties/index.htm |title=The most ethnically diverse counties in the United States |publisher=CNN |date=August 9, 2007 |accessdate=April 13, 2010 |archive-date=2011-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817053546/http://money.cnn.com/2007/08/08/real_estate/most_diverse_counties/index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> wi the maist cultures in the Unitit States. The ceety's indwallers are kent "Angelenos" ({{IPA-en|ændʒɨˈliːnoʊz|}}).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Angeleno |title=Angeleno |author=|date= |work=|publisher=The Free Dictionary |accessdate=September 13, 2010}}</ref> Los Angeles wis foondit on September 4, 1781 bi Spainyie govrenor [[Felipe de Neve]]. It acame a pairt o [[Mexico]] in 1821 follaein the [[Mexican War o Unthirldom]]. In 1848, at the end o the [[Mexican–American War]], Los Angeles an the rest o Californie wure purchased as pairt o the [[Treaty o Guadalupe Hidalgo]], therebi becomin pairt o the Unitit States. Los Angeles wis [[Municipal corporation|incorporatit]] as a municipality on Aprile 4 1850, five month afore Californie achieved [[U.S. state|statehuid]]. Aften kent bi its initials, ''LA'', an eik-named the ''Ceety o Angels'', Los Angeles is a [[Global ceety|warld centre]] o business, internaitional tred, entertainment, cultur, media, fashion, science, technologie, an eddication.<ref name=GAWC>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html |title=The World According to GaWC 2008 |publisher=Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network, Loughborough University |accessdate=March 3, 2009 |archive-date=2016-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811203314/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html |title=Inventory of World Cities |publisher=Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network |accessdate=December 1, 2007 |archive-date=2013-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014191556/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is hame tae renouned institutions kiverin a broad range o professional an cultural fields, an is ane o the maist substantial economic ingines athin the Unitit States. Los Angeles haes been ranked the fift maist pouerful an influential ceety in the warld, ahint anerlie [[New York Ceety]] in the Unitit States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/BUSINESS/04/10/cities.dominate.world/index.html?thisSpeed=30000 |title=Revealed: Cities that rule the world |publisher=CNN |date=April 10, 2010 |accessdate=December 27, 2010}}</ref> The Los Angeles [[combined statistical area]] (CSA) haes a [[gross metropolitan product]] (GMP) o $831&nbsp;billion (as o 2008), makin it the third lairgest economic centre in the warld, efter the [[Greater Tokyo Area]] an the [[New York metropolitan area]].<ref name="citymayors.com">[http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005], dated March 11, 2007. The list fails to include Taipei. Retrieved July 3, 2007.</ref><ref name="usmayors.org">[http://www.usmayors.org/metroeconomies/0608/GMP_Report__June_2008.pdf The United States Conference of Mayors and The National Association of Counties, 2007; Standard & Poor's DRI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228054104/http://www.usmayors.org/metroeconomies/0608/GMP_Report__June_2008.pdf |date=2008-12-28 }}, June 2008.</ref><ref name="bea.gov">[http://www.bea.gov/regional/gdpmetro/default.cfm Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2009; GDP by Metropolitan Area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111180749/https://www.bea.gov/regional/gdpmetro/default.cfm |date=2011-01-11 }}, September 24, 2009 .</ref> As the hame base o [[Hollywood]], it is kent as the "Entertainment Caipital o the Warld", leadin the warld in the creation o motion picturs, telly production, video gemmes, an recordit [[muisic industry|muisic]]. The importance o the entertainment business tae the ceety haes led mony celebrities tae cry Los Angeles an its surroondin suburbs hame. Los Angeles hostit the [[1932 Simmer Olympics|1932]] an [[1984 Simmer Olympics]]. Los Angeles is an aa hame tae renoont varsities sic as the [[Varsity o Soothern Californie]] an the [[University of California, Los Angeles|Varsity o Californie, Los Angeles]]. Los Angeles haes a [[Mediterranean climate]], wi an average o 35 days wi measurable precipitation a yeir.<ref name="weatherbase">{{cite web | url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=159227&refer= | title=Historical Weather for Los Angeles, California, United States of America | publisher=Weatherbase.com | accessdate=December 15, 2011 | archive-date=2012-01-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111084326/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=159227&refer= | url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sister ceeties == <!-- *** IMPORTANT *** * Please do not add or remove sister cities unless you provide a reliable * * source. This list is verified by http://www.lacity.org/SisterCities/, * * which lists 25 sister cities. If you make changes to this list without * * citing a source, your edits will be reverted. * --> [[File:Los Angeles City Hall with sister cities 2006.jpg|thumb|upright|A sign nor [[Los Angeles Ceety Hall|Ceety Hall]] pynts tae the sister ceeties o Los Angeles]] Los Angeles haes 25 [[twin touns an sister ceeties|sister ceeties]],<ref>"[http://sistercities.lacity.org/ Sister Cities of Los Angeles]". Retrieved on December 18, 2009.</ref> leetit chronologically bi yeir jynt: {| |- |valign="top"| * {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Eilat]], Israel (1959) * {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Nagoya]], Japan (1959) * {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], Brazil (1962) * {{flagicon|France}} [[Bordeaux]], Fraunce (1964) * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]], Germany (1967) * {{flagicon|Zambia}} [[Lusaka]], Zambie (1968) * {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico Ceety]], Mexico (1969) * {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Auckland]], New Zealand (1971) * {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Busan]], Republic o Korea (1971) * {{flagicon|India}} [[Mumbai]], Indie (1972) * {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Tehran]], Iran (1972) * {{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]], Taiwan, Republic o Cheenae (1979) * {{flagicon|China}} [[Guangzhou]], Fowkrepublic o Cheenae (1981) |width="80"|&nbsp; |valign="top"| * {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Athens]], Greece (1984) * {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Saunt Petersburg]], Roushie (1984) * {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Vancouver]], Canadae (1986) * {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Giza]], Egyp (1989) * {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Jakarta]], Indonesie (1990) * {{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Kaunas]], Lithuanie (1991) * {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Makati]], Philippines (1992) * {{flagicon|Croatia}} [[Split (ceety)|Split]], Croatie (1993) * {{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[San Salvador]], El Salvador (2005) * {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], Lebanon (2006) * {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ischia]], Italy (2006) * {{flagicon|Armenia}} [[Yerevan]], Armenie (2007) |} * {{flagicon|Israel}} Los Angeles an aa haes a cultural exchynge pairtnership wi [[Tel Aviv]], Israel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jewishla.org/Tel_Aviv_LA_Partnership.cfm|title=Tel Aviv/Los Angeles Partnership|year=2007|publisher=The Jewish Federation of Greater Los Angeles|accessdate=August 7, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623075353/http://www.jewishla.org/Tel_Aviv_LA_Partnership.cfm|archivedate=2008-06-23|url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flagicon|UK}} Lunnon an [[Manchester]], Unitit Kinrick, an {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Łódź]], Poland are "freindship ceeties".<ref name="Manchester">{{Cite web|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/1128076_twinning_link_with_la|title=Twinning link with LA|publisher=Manchester Evening News|accessdate=July 28, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sistercitiesofla.com/|title=Sister cities of Los Angeles, Inc.|year=2010|accessdate=February 8, 2010|archive-date=2013-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621044509/http://sistercitiesofla.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|Los Angeles, California}} [[Category:Los Angeles| ]] [[Category:Ceeties in Los Angeles Coonty]] [[Category:Coonty seats in Californie]] [[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] [[Category:Incorporatit ceeties an touns in Californie]] [[Category:Los Angeles metropolitan area]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1781]] [[Category:Port ceeties an touns o the Wast Coast o the Unitit States]] 4qi0xu0hhnnlykalawleb3yca9nwbso 0 15631 920984 873420 2026-08-17T18:52:58Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=October 2020}} {{Infobox settlement |name =Guangzhou |official_name ={{lang|zh-cn|广州市}} |native_name ='''{{lang|zh-cn|广州}}''' |settlement_type =[[Sub-provincial ceety in the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Sub-provincial ceety]] |image_skyline =Guangzhou montage.png |image_caption =Frae top: [[Tianhe Destrict|Tianhe]] CBD, the [[Canton Tower]] & [[Chigang Pagoda]], [[Haizhu Bridge]], Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Statue o Five Goats, Zhenhai Tower in Yuexiu Park, an Sacred Heart Cathedral. |image_map =ChinaGuangdongGuangzhou.png |map_caption =Location o Guangzhou Ceety (yellae) in Guangdong |pushpin_map =China |pushpin_label_position= bottom |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Cheenae |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type =Kintra |subdivision_name =[[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] |subdivision_type1 =[[Provinces o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Province]] |subdivision_name1 =[[Guangdong]] |established_title = |established_date = |parts_type = |parts = |government_type =Sub-provincial ceety |leader_title =[[Mayor o Guangzhou|CPC Ctte Secretary]] |leader_name =[[Wan Qingliang]] |leader_title1 =[[Mayor o Guangzhou|Mayor]] |leader_name1 =[[Chen Jianhua]] |area_total_km2 =7434 |area_total_sq_mi =2870 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 =3843 |area_urban_sq_mi =1484 |area_footnotes =<ref name="guangzhoustatarea">{{cite web|url=http://data.gzstats.gov.cn/gzStat1/yearqueryAction.do?method=displayRpt&ACTFLAG=3&FID=21901&RPTID=TJ_RPT_984248444736412557&RPTNAME=%CD%C1%B5%D8%C3%E6%BB%FD%BA%CD%C8%CB%BF%DA%C3%DC%B6%C8&FLTITLE=%B9%E3%D6%DD%CD%B3%BC%C6%D7%CA%C1%CF%282008%C4%EA%29|title={{lang|zh-cn|土地面积、人口密度（2008年）}}|publisher=Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou|accessdate=2010-02-08|archive-date=2015-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323054815/http://www.blayney.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/329/3h%20-%20Hobbys%20Yards%20Heritage%20Items.pdf.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> |elevation_m =21 |elevation_ft =68 |elevation_footnotes = |population_total =14080500 |population_as_of =2014 |population_footnotes = <ref name="gzdaily2014">{{cite web |url=http://gzdaily.dayoo.com/html/2015-03/22/content_2887547.htm |trans-title=Guangzhou Economic and Social Development Statistics Bulletin 2014 |script-title=zh:2014年广州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |publisher=[[Guangzhou Daily]] |date=2015-03-22 |accessdate=2015-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312041348/http://gzdaily.dayoo.com/html/2015-03/22/content_2887547.htm |archive-date=2016-03-12}}</ref> |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = auto |population_urban = 11547491 |population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="gzannals2014">{{cite web |url=http://data.gzstats.gov.cn/gzStat1/chaxun/njsj.jsp |trans-title=Statistical Yearbook 2014 |script-title=zh:统计年鉴2014 |publisher=Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou |language=Chinese<br/>[[Guangzhou Cantonese]] |date=7 April 2015 |accessdate=1 May 2015 |archive-date=2009-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214182656/http://data.gzstats.gov.cn/gzStat1/chaxun/njsj.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_metro =25000000 |population_metro_footnotes = &nbsp;(2010)<ref name="unpd">{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en|title=OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|accessdate=2015-05-01}}</ref> |population_demonym =Cantonese |timezone =[[Cheenae Staundart time]] |utc_offset =+8 |coordinates = {{coord|23|08|N|113|16|E|region:CN-44|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type =[[Postal code o Cheenae|Postal code]] |postal_code =510000 |area_code =[[Telephone nummers in Cheenae|20]] |blank_name =GDP<ref name="guangdongstatyearbook">{{cite web|url=http://www.gzstats.gov.cn/tjfx/gztjfs/201104/t20110411_24947.htm|script-title=zh:2010年广州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报|publisher=Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou|date=April 7, 2011|language=Chinese|accessdate=2011-05-25|archive-date=2019-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109232559/http://www.gzstats.gov.cn/gzstats/error404.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> |blank_info =2014 |blank1_name =&nbsp;- Tot |blank1_info =[[Renminbi|CN¥]]1,67 trillion<br>(US$271.84 billion) |blank2_name =&nbsp;- Per capita |blank2_info =CN¥111,333<br>(US$18,123)<!--2013 census population used for calculation--> |blank4_name =&nbsp;- Growth |blank4_info ={{increase}} 8.6% |blank5_name =[[Licence plates o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Licence plate]] prefixes |blank5_info ={{lang|zh-cn|粤}}A |blank6_name =Flouer |blank6_info =[[Bombax ceiba]] |blank7_name =Bird |blank7_info =[[Cheenese Hwamei]] |website = {{url|english.gz.gov.cn}} }} '''Guangzhou''',<ref> {{cite web |url=http://maps.nationalgeographic.com/maps/map-machine#s=r&c=23.280205390701127,%20113.15643310546875&z=9 |title=MapMachine |publisher=Maps.nationalgeographic.com |accessdate=2010-05-06 }}</ref> cried '''Canton''' or '''Kwangchow''' an aa,<ref>"[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/93196/Guangzhou Guangzhou (China)]". Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed 12 September 2010.</ref> is a [[Sub-provincial ceety in the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|sub-provincial ceety]] an the caipital o the [[Guangdong]] province in the [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]]. It is ane o the five [[Naitional Central Ceety|National Central Ceeties]].<ref>{{cite news|title={{lang|zh-cn|全国城镇规划确定五大中心城市}}|url=http://gcontent.oeeee.com/b/15/b1563a78ec593375/Blog/300/19c802.html|publisher=''Southern Metropolitan Daily''|date=2010-02-09|accessdate=2010-07-29|archive-date=2013-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731074914/http://gcontent.oeeee.com/b/15/b1563a78ec593375/Blog/300/19c802.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Locatit in [[Sooth Central China|soothren Cheenae]] on the [[Pearl River (Cheenae)|Pearl River]], aboot 120&nbsp;km (75&nbsp;mi) northwast o [[Hong Kong]], Guangzhou is a key transportation hub an [[Port o Guangzhou|tradin port]].<ref name="Official">{{cite web|url=http://www.visitgz.com/en/About%20Guangzhou/Introduction/280318.html|title=Tourism Administration of Guangzhou Municipality|work=visitgz.com|accessdate=21 March 2010|archive-date=2010-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906143754/http://www.visitgz.com/en/About%20Guangzhou/Introduction/280318.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Guangzhou is the third lairgest ceety in Cheenae an soothren Cheenae's lairgest ceety. As o the 2000 census, the ceety haed a population o 6 million, an an [[urban aurie]] population o roughly 11.85 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua2015.pdf |title=Demographia World Urban Areas population projections |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-05-06 |archive-date=2006-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060809130022/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua2015.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> makin it the maist populous ceety in the province an the [[Leet o ceeties in the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae bi population|third maist populous]] [[metropolitan auriea]] in Cheenae. Some estimates place the population o the entire urban agglomeration as heich as 24.2 million, makin it the 2nt biggest urban aurie in the warld efter [[Tokyo]].<ref>http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html</ref> The Guangzhou govrenment's offeecial estimate o the ceety's population at the end o 2009 wis 10,334,500, an addition o 152,500 fowk frae the previous year.<ref>[http://www.gzstats.gov.cn/tjgb/qstjgb/201004/t20100409_20933.htm 2009年广州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721014732/http://www.gzstats.gov.cn/tjgb/qstjgb/201004/t20100409_20933.htm |date=2010-07-21 }} 03-29-2010</ref> Includin registrated migrant population (present in the ceety 6 month or mair) ceety population is ower 14 mln<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://russian.news.cn/social/2010-06/18/c_13357413.htm |title=Guangzhou Population is over 14 mln. Xinghua Agency. 2010-06-18 |access-date=2011-02-08 |archive-date=2012-02-04 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65CaKRYIQ?url=http://russian.news.cn/social/2010-06/18/c_13357413.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>. In 2008 Guangzhou wis identified as a [[Beta Warld Ceety]] bi the Global ceety index produced bi GaWC.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2008/10/15/the_2008_global_cities_index |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-02-08 |archive-date=2012-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201233354/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2008/10/15/the_2008_global_cities_index |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Internaitional relations== {{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Cheenae}} ===Sister ceeties=== Guangzhou is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi the follaein ceeties:<ref name="Guangzhou">{{cite web|url=http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/3970.aspx|title=Sister Cities of Guangzhou|publisher=Guangzhou Foreign Affairs Office|accessdate=2010-02-10|archive-date=2011-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020140927/http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/3970.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="color: white; background:#811541" | Kintra ! style="color: white; background:#810001" | Ceety ! style="color: white; background:#811541" | Coonty/Destrict/Province/Region/State ! style="color: white; background:#811541" | Date |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Japan}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Fukuoka]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Fukuoka Prefectur|Fukuoka]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 2 Mey 1979 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|USA}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Los Angeles]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Californie]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 8 December 1981 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Philippines}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Manila]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Metro Manila]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 5 November 1982 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Canada}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Vancouver]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Breetish Columbie]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 27 Mairch 1985 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Australia}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Sydney]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[New Sooth Wales]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 12 Mey 1986 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Italy}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Bari]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Province o Bari|Bari]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 12 November 1986 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|France}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Lyon]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Rhône (depairtment)|Rhône]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 19 Januar 1988 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Germany}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Frankfurt]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Hesse]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 11 Aprile 1988 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Auckland]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Auckland Region|Auckland]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 17 Februar 1989 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|South Korea}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Gwangju]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Gwangju]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 25 October 1996 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Sweden}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Linköping]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Östergötland]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 24 November 1997 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|South Africa}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Durban]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 17 Julie 2000 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Bristol]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Ingland]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 23 Mey 2001 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Russia}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Yekaterinburg]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Sverdlovsk Oblast|Sverdlovsk]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 10 Julie 2002 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Peru}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Arequipa]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Arequipa Province|Arequipa]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 27 October 2004 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Indonesia}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Surabaya]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[East Java]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 21 December 2005 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Lithuania}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Vilnius]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Vilnius Coonty|Vilnius]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 12 October 2006 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Birmingham]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Ingland]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 4 December 2006 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Hambantota]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Hambantota Destrict|Hambantota]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 27 Februar 2007 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Brazil}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Recife]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Pernambuco]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 22 October 2007 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Finland}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Tampere]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Pirkanmaa]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 2 December 2008 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Thailand}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Bangkok]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Bangkok]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 13 November 2009 |} ===Friendship ceeties=== Guangzhou haes the follaein friendship ceeties:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.2009scc.com/__fclist.asp |title=Friendship Cities of Guangzhou |accessdate=2010-03-25 |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307125510/http://2009scc.com/__fclist.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="color: white; background:#811541" | Kintra ! style="color: white; background:#810001" | Ceety ! style="color: white; background:#811541" | County/District/Province/Region/State ! style="color: white; background:#811541" | Date |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Brazil}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Bahia]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 6 Aprile 1996 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Vietnam}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Ho Chi Minh Ceety]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Vietnam|Municipality o Vietnam]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 11 Aprile 1996 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Japan}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Ōita, Ōita|Ōita]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Ōita Prefecture|Ōita]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 9 October 1997 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Russia}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Khabarovsk]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Khabarovsk Krai|Khabarovsk]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 15 October 1997 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|the United Arab Emirates}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Dubai Municipality|Dubai]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Dubai]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 1 Juin 2000 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|United States}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Guam]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Territories o the Unitit States|Unincorporated organized territories]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 28 Mairch 2002 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Japan}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Noboribetsu, Hokkaidō|Noboribetsu]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Hokkaidō]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 19 Mey 2002 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Australia}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Melbourne]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Victoria (Australie)|Victoria]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 9 Aprile 2003 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Egypt}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Alexandria]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Alexandria Govrenorate|Alexandria]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 17 Julie 2003 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Spain}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Barcelona]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Catalonie]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 23 October 2003 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Kyrgyzstan}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Bishkek]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Chuy Province|Chuy]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 1 December 2004 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Cuba}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Havana]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[La Habana Province|Havana]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 15 Juin 2005 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Germany}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Düsseldorf]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[North Rhine-Westphalie]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 15 Julie 2006 |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:214 BC establishments]] [[Category:Guangzhou| ]] [[Category:Provincial caipitals in Cheenae]] [[Category:Sister ceeties o Kota Kinabalu]] [[Category:Sub-provincial ceeties in the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] [[Category:Treaty o Nanking|Canton]] tus7rp8m19h3mtizzx2nlbgaxll8rek 921001 920984 2026-08-17T22:55:26Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=October 2020}} {{Infobox settlement |name = Guangzhou |official_name = {{lang|zh-cn|广州市}} |native_name = '''{{lang|zh-cn|广州}}''' |settlement_type = [[Sub-provincial ceety in the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Sub-provincial ceety]] |image_skyline = Guangzhou montage.png |image_caption = Frae top: [[Tianhe Destrict|Tianhe]] CBD, the [[Canton Tower]] & [[Chigang Pagoda]], [[Haizhu Bridge]], Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Statue o Five Goats, Zhenhai Tower in Yuexiu Park, an Sacred Heart Cathedral. |image_map = ChinaGuangdongGuangzhou.png |map_caption = Location o Guangzhou Ceety (yellae) in Guangdong |pushpin_map = China |pushpin_label_position= bottom |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Cheenae |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Guangdong]] |government_type = Sub-provincial ceety |leader_title = [[Mayor o Guangzhou|CPC Ctte Secretary]] |leader_name = [[Wan Qingliang]] |leader_title1 = [[Mayor o Guangzhou|Mayor]] |leader_name1 = [[Chen Jianhua]] |area_total_km2 = 7434 |area_total_sq_mi = 2870 |area_urban_km2 = 3843 |area_urban_sq_mi = 1484 |area_footnotes = <ref name="guangzhoustatarea">{{cite web|url=http://data.gzstats.gov.cn/gzStat1/yearqueryAction.do?method=displayRpt&ACTFLAG=3&FID=21901&RPTID=TJ_RPT_984248444736412557&RPTNAME=%CD%C1%B5%D8%C3%E6%BB%FD%BA%CD%C8%CB%BF%DA%C3%DC%B6%C8&FLTITLE=%B9%E3%D6%DD%CD%B3%BC%C6%D7%CA%C1%CF%282008%C4%EA%29|title={{lang|zh-cn|土地面积、人口密度（2008年）}}|publisher=Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou|accessdate=2010-02-08|archive-date=2015-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323054815/http://www.blayney.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/329/3h%20-%20Hobbys%20Yards%20Heritage%20Items.pdf.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> |elevation_m = 21 |elevation_ft = 68 |population_total = 14080500 |population_as_of = 2014 |population_footnotes = <ref name="gzdaily2014">{{cite web |url=http://gzdaily.dayoo.com/html/2015-03/22/content_2887547.htm |trans-title=Guangzhou Economic and Social Development Statistics Bulletin 2014 |script-title=zh:2014年广州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |publisher=[[Guangzhou Daily]] |date=2015-03-22 |accessdate=2015-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312041348/http://gzdaily.dayoo.com/html/2015-03/22/content_2887547.htm |archive-date=2016-03-12}}</ref> |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = auto |population_urban = 11547491 |population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="gzannals2014">{{cite web |url=http://data.gzstats.gov.cn/gzStat1/chaxun/njsj.jsp |trans-title=Statistical Yearbook 2014 |script-title=zh:统计年鉴2014 |publisher=Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou |language=Chinese<br/>[[Guangzhou Cantonese]] |date=7 April 2015 |accessdate=1 May 2015 |archive-date=2009-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214182656/http://data.gzstats.gov.cn/gzStat1/chaxun/njsj.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_metro =25000000 |population_metro_footnotes = &nbsp;(2010)<ref name="unpd">{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en|title=OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|accessdate=2015-05-01}}</ref> |population_demonym = Cantonese |timezone = [[Cheenae Staundart time]] |utc_offset = +8 |coordinates = {{coord|23|08|N|113|16|E|region:CN-44|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type =[[Postal code o Cheenae|Postal code]] |postal_code = 510000 |area_code = [[Telephone nummers in Cheenae|20]] |blank_name = GDP<ref name="guangdongstatyearbook">{{cite web|url=http://www.gzstats.gov.cn/tjfx/gztjfs/201104/t20110411_24947.htm|script-title=zh:2010年广州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报|publisher=Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou|date=April 7, 2011|language=Chinese|accessdate=2011-05-25|archive-date=2019-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109232559/http://www.gzstats.gov.cn/gzstats/error404.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> |blank_info = 2014 |blank1_name = &nbsp;- Tot |blank1_info = [[Renminbi|CN¥]]1,67 trillion<br>(US$271.84 billion) |blank2_name = &nbsp;- Per capita |blank2_info = CN¥111,333<br>(US$18,123) |blank4_name = &nbsp;- Growth |blank4_info = {{increase}} 8.6% |blank5_name = [[Licence plates o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Licence plate]] prefixes |blank5_info = {{lang|zh-cn|粤}}A |blank6_name = Flouer |blank6_info = [[Bombax ceiba]] |blank7_name = Bird |blank7_info = [[Cheenese Hwamei]] |website = {{url|english.gz.gov.cn}} }} '''Guangzhou''',<ref> {{cite web |url=http://maps.nationalgeographic.com/maps/map-machine#s=r&c=23.280205390701127,%20113.15643310546875&z=9 |title=MapMachine |publisher=Maps.nationalgeographic.com |accessdate=2010-05-06 }}</ref> cried '''Canton''' or '''Kwangchow''' an aa,<ref>"[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/93196/Guangzhou Guangzhou (China)]". Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed 12 September 2010.</ref> is a [[Sub-provincial ceety in the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|sub-provincial ceety]] an the caipital o the [[Guangdong]] province in the [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]]. It is ane o the five [[Naitional Central Ceety|National Central Ceeties]].<ref>{{cite news|title={{lang|zh-cn|全国城镇规划确定五大中心城市}}|url=http://gcontent.oeeee.com/b/15/b1563a78ec593375/Blog/300/19c802.html|publisher=''Southern Metropolitan Daily''|date=2010-02-09|accessdate=2010-07-29|archive-date=2013-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731074914/http://gcontent.oeeee.com/b/15/b1563a78ec593375/Blog/300/19c802.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Locatit in [[Sooth Central China|soothren Cheenae]] on the [[Pearl River (Cheenae)|Pearl River]], aboot 120&nbsp;km (75&nbsp;mi) northwast o [[Hong Kong]], Guangzhou is a key transportation hub an [[Port o Guangzhou|tradin port]].<ref name="Official">{{cite web|url=http://www.visitgz.com/en/About%20Guangzhou/Introduction/280318.html|title=Tourism Administration of Guangzhou Municipality|work=visitgz.com|accessdate=21 March 2010|archive-date=2010-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906143754/http://www.visitgz.com/en/About%20Guangzhou/Introduction/280318.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Guangzhou is the third lairgest ceety in Cheenae an soothren Cheenae's lairgest ceety. As o the 2000 census, the ceety haed a population o 6 million, an an [[urban aurie]] population o roughly 11.85 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua2015.pdf |title=Demographia World Urban Areas population projections |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-05-06 |archive-date=2006-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060809130022/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua2015.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> makin it the maist populous ceety in the province an the [[Leet o ceeties in the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae bi population|third maist populous]] [[metropolitan auriea]] in Cheenae. Some estimates place the population o the entire urban agglomeration as heich as 24.2 million, makin it the 2nt biggest urban aurie in the warld efter [[Tokyo]].<ref>http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html</ref> The Guangzhou govrenment's offeecial estimate o the ceety's population at the end o 2009 wis 10,334,500, an addition o 152,500 fowk frae the previous year.<ref>[http://www.gzstats.gov.cn/tjgb/qstjgb/201004/t20100409_20933.htm 2009年广州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721014732/http://www.gzstats.gov.cn/tjgb/qstjgb/201004/t20100409_20933.htm |date=2010-07-21 }} 03-29-2010</ref> Includin registrated migrant population (present in the ceety 6 month or mair) ceety population is ower 14 mln<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://russian.news.cn/social/2010-06/18/c_13357413.htm |title=Guangzhou Population is over 14 mln. Xinghua Agency. 2010-06-18 |access-date=2011-02-08 |archive-date=2012-02-04 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65CaKRYIQ?url=http://russian.news.cn/social/2010-06/18/c_13357413.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>. In 2008 Guangzhou wis identified as a [[Beta Warld Ceety]] bi the Global ceety index produced bi GaWC.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2008/10/15/the_2008_global_cities_index |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-02-08 |archive-date=2012-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201233354/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2008/10/15/the_2008_global_cities_index |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Internaitional relations== {{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Cheenae}} ===Sister ceeties=== Guangzhou is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi the follaein ceeties:<ref name="Guangzhou">{{cite web|url=http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/3970.aspx|title=Sister Cities of Guangzhou|publisher=Guangzhou Foreign Affairs Office|accessdate=2010-02-10|archive-date=2011-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020140927/http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/3970.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="color: white; background:#811541" | Kintra ! style="color: white; background:#810001" | Ceety ! style="color: white; background:#811541" | Coonty/Destrict/Province/Region/State ! style="color: white; background:#811541" | Date |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Japan}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Fukuoka]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Fukuoka Prefectur|Fukuoka]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 2 Mey 1979 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|USA}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Los Angeles]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Californie]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 8 December 1981 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Philippines}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Manila]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Metro Manila]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 5 November 1982 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Canada}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Vancouver]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Breetish Columbie]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 27 Mairch 1985 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Australia}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Sydney]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[New Sooth Wales]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 12 Mey 1986 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Italy}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Bari]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Province o Bari|Bari]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 12 November 1986 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|France}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Lyon]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Rhône (depairtment)|Rhône]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 19 Januar 1988 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Germany}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Frankfurt]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Hesse]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 11 Aprile 1988 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Auckland]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Auckland Region|Auckland]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 17 Februar 1989 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|South Korea}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Gwangju]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Gwangju]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 25 October 1996 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Sweden}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Linköping]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Östergötland]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 24 November 1997 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|South Africa}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Durban]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 17 Julie 2000 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Bristol]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Ingland]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 23 Mey 2001 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Russia}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Yekaterinburg]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Sverdlovsk Oblast|Sverdlovsk]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 10 Julie 2002 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Peru}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Arequipa]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Arequipa Province|Arequipa]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 27 October 2004 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Indonesia}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Surabaya]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[East Java]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 21 December 2005 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Lithuania}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Vilnius]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Vilnius Coonty|Vilnius]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 12 October 2006 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Birmingham]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Ingland]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 4 December 2006 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Hambantota]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Hambantota Destrict|Hambantota]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 27 Februar 2007 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Brazil}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Recife]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Pernambuco]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 22 October 2007 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Finland}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Tampere]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Pirkanmaa]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 2 December 2008 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Thailand}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Bangkok]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Bangkok]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 13 November 2009 |} ===Friendship ceeties=== Guangzhou haes the follaein friendship ceeties:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.2009scc.com/__fclist.asp |title=Friendship Cities of Guangzhou |accessdate=2010-03-25 |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307125510/http://2009scc.com/__fclist.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="color: white; background:#811541" | Kintra ! style="color: white; background:#810001" | Ceety ! style="color: white; background:#811541" | County/District/Province/Region/State ! style="color: white; background:#811541" | Date |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Brazil}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Bahia]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 6 Aprile 1996 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Vietnam}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Ho Chi Minh Ceety]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Vietnam|Municipality o Vietnam]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 11 Aprile 1996 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Japan}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Ōita, Ōita|Ōita]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Ōita Prefecture|Ōita]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 9 October 1997 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Russia}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Khabarovsk]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Khabarovsk Krai|Khabarovsk]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 15 October 1997 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|the United Arab Emirates}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Dubai Municipality|Dubai]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Dubai]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 1 Juin 2000 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|United States}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Guam]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Territories o the Unitit States|Unincorporated organized territories]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 28 Mairch 2002 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Japan}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Noboribetsu, Hokkaidō|Noboribetsu]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Hokkaidō]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 19 Mey 2002 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Australia}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Melbourne]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Victoria (Australie)|Victoria]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 9 Aprile 2003 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Egypt}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Alexandria]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Alexandria Govrenorate|Alexandria]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 17 Julie 2003 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Spain}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Barcelona]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Catalonie]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 23 October 2003 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Kyrgyzstan}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Bishkek]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[Chuy Province|Chuy]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 1 December 2004 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Cuba}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Havana]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[La Habana Province|Havana]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 15 Juin 2005 |- | style="background:#ffffef;"| {{flagicon|Germany}} | style="background:#ffffcf;"| '''[[Düsseldorf]]''' | style="background:#ffffef;"| [[North Rhine-Westphalie]] | style="background:#ffffef;"| 15 Julie 2006 |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:214 BC establishments]] [[Category:Guangzhou| ]] [[Category:Provincial caipitals in Cheenae]] [[Category:Sister ceeties o Kota Kinabalu]] [[Category:Sub-provincial ceeties in the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] [[Category:Treaty o Nanking|Canton]] lmv6qgdtwdzkw2iio8t8qiphdruqq9h 0 15784 921061 914828 2026-08-18T06:57:15Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 921061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=Dizember 2020}} {{Infobox Clan |image badge = |clan name =Clan Hay |chiefs crest =Issuin oot o a crest coronet a falcon volant Proper, airmed, jessed an beltit Or |chiefs motto =SERVA JUGUM |chiefs slogan ="A Hay! A Hay!" |district = |origins =Norman |gaelic names =''MacGaraidh'' |image arms =Arms of Hay, Earl of Erroll.svg |plant badge =[[Mistletoe]] |animal =[[Falcon]] |pipe music = |chiefs name =The Rt. Hon. [[Merlin Hay, 24t Earl o Erroll|Merlin Sereld Hay]] |chiefs title =The 24^t [[Earl o Erroll]] |chiefs gaelic title= |seat = Woodbury Hall.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.clanchiefs.org/p/chiefs.html |title=clanchiefs.org |access-date=2011-02-16 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726201953/http://www.clanchiefs.org/p/chiefs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |historic seat =[[Slains Castle]] }} [[Image:Hay tartan (Vestiarium Scoticum).png|thumb|right|Ane o the Hay tartans. Frae [[Vestiarium Scoticum]].]] '''Clan Hay''' is a [[Scots clan]] that haes played an important pairt in the history an politics o Scotland. Memmers o the clan is tae be foond in maist pairts o Scotland an in mony ither pairts o the warld. Housomeivver, the North East o Scotland, i.e. Aiberdeenshire [[Aiberdeenshire (historic)]], [[Banffshire]], [[Morayshire]] an Nairnshire [[Nairn (bundaries)]], is the hert o Hay kintra wi ither significant concentrations o Hays bein foond in [[Perthshire]], inspecially aroond [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]], in the [[Scots Borders]], an in [[Shetland]]. ==Oreegin o the name== The wird ''hay'' is Scots, the Gaelic form o ''Hay'' is ''MacGaradh''. ==Legend o Luncarty== Thare twa weys tae approach the oreegins o Clan Hay. The first is the Legend of Luncarty, whicml is an important Hay tradeetion, while the seicont is based on historical research, albeit that inconsistencies tend tae occur efter sae mony centuries. [[Hector Boece]], the Scots academic, wrote the first kent accoont o the Luncarty legend in his ''Scotorium Historia'', which wis initially published in 1525, wi a seicont edition bein published posthumously in 1575.<ref name="Sutton,2010">Sutton,2010</ref> Thare are numerous versions o the legend that are based upon Boece’s wirk but which include various embellishments. In contrast, [[George Buchanan]]’s accoont in his ''Rerum Scoticarum Historia'', published in 1582 an derived frae Boece’s wirk, omits ony reference tae the hawk’s flicht delineatin the land grant.<ref>Sutton,2003,2009</ref> In 2010, Sutton published a hypertext edition, in baith Laitin an Inglis, o Boece’s 1575 edition o the Historia, thus providin ready access tae his oreeginal accoont o the legend.<ref name="Sutton,2010"/> The version o the legend quotit belaw is frae [[John Burke (genealogist)]]'s "Peerage",1832 edition.<ref>A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire, p.443, By John Burke, Published by H. Colburn and R. Bentley, 1832; [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Cq8KAAAAYAAJ link]</ref> "The traditional oreegin o the noble hoose o Hay is thus relatit:— In the reign o [[Kenneth III o Scotland|Kenneth III]], anno 980, the [[Danes (Germanic tribe)|Danes]], who haed invadit Scotland, haein prevailed, at the battle o [[Luncarty]], near [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]], wur pursuin the flyin Scots, frae the field, when a kintraman an his twa sons appeared in a narrae pass, through which the vanquisht wur hurryin, an impedit for a moment their flicht. ''"Wha,"'' said the rustic, ''"haed ye rather be slaughtered bi your merciless foes, than dee honorably in the field; come, rally, rally!"'' an he heidit the fugitives, brandishin his ploughshare, an cryin oot, that help wis at hand: the Danes, believin that a fresh airmy wis fallin upon them, fled in confusion, an the Scots thus recovered the laurel which they haed lost, an freed their kintraside frae servitude. The battle being wan, the auld man, efterwards kent bi the name o Hay, wis brought tae the keeng, who, assemblin a parliament at [[Scone, Scotland|Scone]], gave tae the said Hay an his sons, as a juist reward for their valour, so muckle land on the [[Tay River]], in the destrict o [[Gowrie]], as a falcon frae a man's haund flew ower till it settled; which being sax miles in length, wis efterwards cried [[Errol, Perth an Kinross|Errol]]; an the keeng being desirous tae elevate Hay an his sons frae their humble rank in life, tae the order o nobility, his majesty assigned them a [[coat o airms]], which wis [[argent]], three [[escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]]s, [[gules]], tae intimate that the faither an twa sons haed been the three fortunate shields o Scotland." [[Image:Peter Drummond-Murray of Mastrick.jpg|thumb|left|180px|[[Slains Pursuivant]], Peter Drummond-Murray o Mastrick, is the [[private officer o airms]] o the Chief o Clan Hay]] ==History== ===William II de Haya=== Clan Hay descends frae faimily Hay. The progenitors o the Scots clan wir [[Hay]]. ===Connection tae the de La Haye o Normandy=== The oreegins o the Hays o Erroll wur investigatot aroond 1954 bi Wagner<ref>Wagner 1954,1955</ref> who presentit evidence, based lairgely on heraldry, that the Scots Hays wur descendit frae de La Haye o [[La Haye-Bellefond|La Haye-Hue]] in the [[Cotentin]] Peninsula o Normandy. That evidence begins wi a seal uised bi David de Haya (Haia), the son o William II de Haya, on a chairter aroond 1230. It shows the airms o airgent three inescutcheons gules, i.e., a siller shield containin three smawer reid shields, an are the same airms presently uised bi the Earl o Erroll. Thay bear nae resemblance tae those o the de La Haye o Ingland, but thay are the same as those uised bi Jean de La Haye-Hue in Normandy aroond 1368-1375. The de La Haye o La Haye Hue can be traced back tae the 12t century, that is, when William II de Haya wis first kent tae be in Scotland. Wagner therefore concludit that the Hays o Erroll an the Hayes o La Haye wur relatit. He forby pointit oot that the Hays wur linked tae the pouerful Normandy faimily o Soulis [[Ranulf I de Soules]] in that La Haye-Hue, nou cried La Haye-Bellefond, is locatit juist athort the sma Soules River frae [[Soulles]], the seat o that faimily. Seicondly, the Soulis name, rare in Ingland, an the mair common Hay, are baith foond in the records o Dover castle in the early 13t century. A third pynt, which Wagner did no mention, is that William I de Haya marriet Juliana de Soulis an thir twa wur the parents o William II de Haya.<ref>Reg. of Coupar ii, 284.Referenced in Balfour 1906, pp.555-7</ref> ===Successors o William II de Haya=== David De Haya, who weddit Helen, dochter o [[Gille Brigte, Earl o Strathearn|Gilbert (or Gille Brigte)]], [[Earl o Strathearn]], an haed:<ref name="google504">A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain; p.504; By John Burke; Published by Colburn, 1836; [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FOVsAAAAMAAJ link]</ref> *1 Gilbert, who succeedit his faither at Erroll, wis ancestor o the Noble hoose o the [[Earl o Erroll|Earls Errol]], which endit in heiresses in 1717: the youngest o whom espoused the [[Earl o Kilmarnock]], an her descendant is nou Earl O Erroll.<ref name="google504"/> *2 William De Haya, obtained frae his brither Gilbert, in 1235, a grant o twa [[carucate]]s o land, in Errol, cried [[Leys]]; which grant wis efterwards confirmed, in 1451, bi William, Earl o Errol, tae Edmund Hay, o Leys, the lineal descendant of this William. This branch wad later chynged thair name tae Hay-Balfour o Leys in the coonty o [[Perthshire|Perth]], an o [[Randerston]], in [[Fife]]. Accordin tae [[John Burke (genealogist)|John Burk]], the Hay-Balfours o Leys are the ''"[[heir male|male representative]] o the noble family o Hay"''.<ref name="google504"/> *3 David, [[parson]] o Erroll.<ref>The Scots peerage: founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom; p. 556; by Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931; Edinburgh: D. Douglas; Not in copyright [http://www.archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun03pauluoft link]</ref> Gilbert, who succeeded his faither at Erroll, wis [[Sheriff]] o [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] afore 1262. He wis appointit ane o the regents an guardians tae Keeng [[Alexander III o Scotland|Alexander III]]. He marriet Idonea, dochter o [[William Comyn, jure uxoris Earl o Buchan|William Comyn]], [[Earl o Buchan]], an haed a son, Nicolas.<ref>The Scots peerage: founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom; p. 557-558; by Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931; Edinburgh: D. Douglas; Not in copyright [http://www.archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun03pauluoft link]</ref> ===Wars o Scots Unthirldom=== His son, Nicolas de Haya o Erroll wis [[Sheriff]] o [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] afore 1288. He swore fealty tae Keeng [[Edward I o Ingland|Edward I]] on 12 Julie 1296. He wis summoned bi Edward I tae attend parliament at [[St. Andrews]] in 1303-04. He haed fower sons:<ref>The Scots peerage: founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom; p. 558-559; by Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931; Edinburgh: D. Douglas; Not in copyright [http://www.archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun03pauluoft link]</ref> * 1 Gilbert<ref name="archive559">The Scots peerage: founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom; p. 559; by Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931; Edinburgh: D. Douglas; Not in copyright [http://www.archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun03pauluoft link]</ref> * 2 Nicolas, parson o [[Fossoway]], then [[Dean (releegion)|Dean]] o [[Dunkeld]]<ref name="archive559"/> * 3 John, parson o Erroll<ref name="archive559"/> * 4 Hugh, ane o the companions of [[Robert the Bruce]], an probably the same Hugh who, in 1296, swore fealty tae Edward I.<ref name="archive559"/> The son, [[Gilbert de la Hay|Gilbert de Haya of Erroll]], swore fealty tae Edward I at [[Aiberdeen]] in 1296. Housomeivver, in 1306 he jynt Robert the Bruce an continued faithfully tae him throughoot the [[Wars o Scots Unthirldom|War o Unthirldom]]. In consequence Edward I declared Gilbert a traitor, but Robert the Bruce rewardit him wi a chairter ower the lands o [[Slains]] in [[Aiberdeenshire]] an the office o [[Lord Heich Constable o Scotland|Constable o the realm o Scotland]].<ref>The Scots peerage: founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom; p. 559-560; by Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931; Edinburgh: D. Douglas; Not in copyright [http://www.archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun03pauluoft link]</ref> ===16t century an Anglo-Scots Wars=== Durin the [[Anglo-Scots Wars]] the Clan Hay suffered vera hivy casualties in the [[Battle o Flodden]] in 1513. Anither Hay, named Sir Gilbert an aw, wis a Scots knight who focht for [[Joan o Arc]] durin the [[Hunder Years' War]]. Follaein the [[Scots Reformation|Reformation]], the Hays remained lyal tae [[Catholicism]] an sicweys wur allies tae [[Mary, Queen o Scots]], who appointit George Hay, the 7t Earl o Erroll, Lord Lieutenant o aw central Scotland. [[Francis Hay, 9t Earl o Erroll]], wis involved in a conspiracy wi Keeng [[Philip II o Spain|Philip II]] o [[Spain]], tae owerthrow [[Elizabeth I o Ingland|Queen Elizabeth]] o [[Ingland]], convert Keeng [[James VI, Keeng o Scots|James VI]] tae [[Catholicism]] an sicweys mak Breetain a Catholic stranghauld. Wi the defeat o the [[Spainyie Armada]], housomeivver, the conspiracy came tae nothing. ===17t century an Ceevil War=== Durin the Ceevil War James Hay led his forces as Ryalists against the Covenanters at the [[Battle o Aiberdeen]] in 1644 whaur thay wur victorious. ===18t century an Jacobite Uprisins=== Follaein the [[Acts o Union 1707|Act o Union]] in 1707, the Hays wur sympathetic tae the Jacobite cause. The ruins o thair fortress o [[Slains Castle]], on the northeast coast o Scotland, wis a frequent meetin place for Jacobite conspirators. In 1745, the Clan Hay supportit [[Bonnie Prince Charlie]] an assistit in financin his rebellion. Wi the collapse o Jacobotism, the Hays became lyal Breetish subjects, an mony Hays wur involved in expandin the [[Breetish Empire]]. [[Image:Viscum album 2026 G1.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Mistletoe is the clan's plant badge]] ==Clan profile== *[[Scots Gaelic|Gaelic]] Names: ''MacGaraidh'' (Surname) & ''Clann 'icGaraidh'' (Collective). *[[Motto]]: ''Serva Jugum'' (Keep the yoke). *[[Slogan]]: "A Hay! A Hay!". *Pipe Muisic: "Delgaty Castle". *[[Clan crest|Crest]]: Issuin oot o a Crest Coronet, a falcon volant Proper, airmed, jessed, an belled Or. *[[Clan badge]]: [[Mistletoe]]. *Ainimal Seembol: [[Falcon]]. *[[Coat o airms|Chief's Airms]]: Argent, three escutcheons Gules ==Chief== *[[Merlin Hay, 24t Earl o Erroll|Merlin Sereld Victor Gilbert Hay]], the [[Earl o Erroll|24t Earl o Erroll]], the [[Lord Hay]], the [[Lord Slains]], [[Baronet]] an [[Chief o the Name an Airms]] o Hay<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.burkes-peerage.net/familyhomepage.aspx?FID=0&FN=ERROLL|title=burkes peerage}}</ref> ==Branches== {| border=0" style="width:300px; height:350px; float:right;" |- ! [[File:Arms of Hay, Earl of Erroll.svg|70px|center|Arms of The Earl of Erroll]]<small>Earl<br>o Erroll</small> ! [[File:Hay of Leys arms.svg|70px|center|Arms of The Hay of Leys]]<small>Hay<br>o Leys</small> ! ! |- ! [[File:Hay of Seafield arms.svg|70px|center|Arms of Hay of Seafield]]<small>Hay<br>o Seafield</small> ! [[File:Hay of Fudie arms.svg|70px|center|Arms o the Hay of Fudie]]<small>Hay<br>o Fudie</small> ! [[File:Hay of Cardenie arms.svg|70px|center|Arms o the Hay of Cardenie]]<small>Hay<br>o Cardenie</small> ! |- ! [[File:Hay of Alderston arms.jpg|70px|center|Arms of The Hay of Alderston]]<small>Hay<br>o Alderston</small> ! [[File:Hay of Dalgety arms.svg|70px|center|Arms of The Hay of Dalgety]]<small>Hay<br>o Dalgety</small> ! [[File:Hay of Megginch arms.svg|70px|center|Arms of The Hay of Megginch]]<small>Hay<br>o Megginch</small> ! [[File:Hay of Leith arms.jpg|70px|center|Arms of The Hay of Leith]]<small>Hay<br>o Leith</small> |- ! [[File:Hay of Park arms.svg|70px|center|Arms o the Hay of Park]]<small>Hay<br>o Park</small> ! [[File:Hay of Naughton arms.svg|70px|center|Arms o the Hay of Naughton]]<small>Hay<br>o Naughton</small> ! [[File:Hay of Strowie arms.svg|70px|center|Arms o the Hay of Strowie]]<small>Hay<br>o Strowie</small> ! |- ! [[File:Hay of Pitfour arms.svg|70px|center|Arms of The Hay of Pitfour]]<small>Hay<br>o Pitfour</small> ! [[File:Hay of Newhall arms.svg|70px|center|Arms of The Hay of Newhall]]<small>Hay<br>o Newhall</small> ! ! |- ! [[File:Hay of Laxfirth arms.svg|70px|center|Arms o the Hay of Laxfirth]]<small>Hay<br>o Laxfirth</small> ! [[File:Hay of Letham arms.svg|70px|center|Arms o the Hay of Letham]]<small>Hay<br>o Letham</small> ! ! |- ! [[File:Hay of Boyne arms.jpg|70px|center|Arms o the Hay of Boyne]]<small>Hay<br>o Boyne</small> ! [[File:Hay of Locherworth arms.jpg|70px|center|Arms o the Hay of Locherworth]]<small>Hay<br>o Locherworth</small> ! [[File:Hay of Broxmouth arms.jpg|70px|center|Arms o the Hay of Broxmouth]]<small>Hay<br>o Broxmouth</small> ! |- ! [[File:Marquess of Tweeddale arms.svg|70px|center|Arms o the Marquess of Tweeddale]]<small>Marquess<br>o Tweeddale</small> ! [[File:Lord Hay of Yester arms.svg|70px|center|Arms o the Lord Hay of Yester]]<small>Lord Hay<br>o Yester</small> ! [[File:Hay of Linplum arms.svg|70px|center|Arms o the Hay of Linplum]]<small>Hay<br>o Linplum</small> ! [[File:Hay of Smithfleld and Haystoun arms.svg|70px|center|Arms o the Hay of Smithfleld an Haystoun]]<small>Hay<br>o Smithfleld an Haystoun</small> |- ! [[File:Arms of Hay, Earl of Kinnoull.svg|70px|center|Arms o the Hay of Kinnoull]]<small>Hay<br>o Kinnoull</small> ! ! ! |} *[[File:Arms of Hay, Earl of Erroll.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Errol, Perth an Kinross|Erroll]] ([[Lord Hay]]; [[Lord Slains]]; [[Earl o Erroll]]; [[Lord Heich Constable o Scotland]]) **[[File:Hay of Leys arms.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Leys]]<ref name="google504"/> ***[[File:Hay of Pitfour arms.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Pitfour]]<ref>A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain; p.507; By John Burke; Published by Colburn, 1836; [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FOVsAAAAMAAJ link]</ref> ***[[File:Unknow escutcheon-en.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Kinfauns, Perth an Kinross|Kinfauns]] ([[Baron Hay o Kinfauns]], [[Viscoont Dupplin|Viscoont Duplin]], [[File:Arms of Hay, Earl of Kinnoull.svg|30px]][[Earl o Kinnoull]])<ref>A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain; p.507-508; By John Burke; Published by Colburn, 1836; [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FOVsAAAAMAAJ link]</ref> ****[[File:Unknow escutcheon-en.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Cromlix]] ([[Lord Cromlix]]; [[Viscoont o Innerpaphrie]]; [[Earl o Innerness]]; [[Duke o Innerness]] in the [[Jacobite Peerage]]) ****[[File:Unknow escutcheon-en.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Seggieden]]<ref>A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain; p.509; By John Burke; Published by Colburn, 1836; [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FOVsAAAAMAAJ link]</ref> **[[File:Marquess of Tweeddale arms.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Tweeddale]] ([[Baron Tweeddale]]; [[File:Lord Hay of Yester arms.svg|30px]][[Lord Hay of Yester]]; [[Viscoont o Walden]]; [[Earl o Gifford]]; [[Earl o Tweeddale]]; [[Marquess o Tweeddale]])<ref>The Scots peerage: founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom; vol VIII; p. 416; by Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931; Edinburgh: D. Douglas; Not in copyright [http://www.archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun08pauluoft link]</ref> ***[[File:Hay of Linplum arms.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Linplum]] ([[Hay Baronets|Baronet of Linplum]]) ****[[File:Hay of Alderston arms.jpg|30px]]Hay o [[Alderston]] ([[Hay Baronets|Baronet o Alderston]]) *****[[File:Unknow escutcheon-en.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Restalrig]] ([[Hay Baronets|Baronet o Restalrig]] in the [[Jacobite Peerage]]) ***[[File:Unknow escutcheon-en.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Seton House]] an of [[Mapes Hill House]]<ref>The Scots peerage: founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom; vol VIII; p. 467; by Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931; Edinburgh: D. Douglas; Not in copyright [http://www.archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun08pauluoft link]</ref> ***[[File:Unknow escutcheon-en.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Belton]]<ref>The Scots peerage: founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom; vol VIII; p. 454; by Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931; Edinburgh: D. Douglas; Not in copyright [http://www.archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun08pauluoft link]</ref> ***[[File:Hay of Newhall arms.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Newhall]]<ref>The Scots peerage: founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom; vol VIII; p. 460; by Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931; Edinburgh: D. Douglas; Not in copyright [http://www.archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun08pauluoft link]</ref> ***[[File:Unknow escutcheon-en.svg|30px]]Hay of [[Spott]] an [[Lawfield]]<ref>The Scots peerage: founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom; vol VIII; p. 456; by Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931; Edinburgh: D. Douglas; Not in copyright [http://www.archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun08pauluoft link]</ref> ***[[File:Unknow escutcheon-en.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Drummeizier]]<ref>The Scots peerage: founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom; vol VIII; p. 449; by Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931; Edinburgh: D. Douglas; Not in copyright [http://www.archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun08pauluoft link]</ref> ****[[File:Unknow escutcheon-en.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Duns Castle]]<ref>The Scots peerage: founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom; vol VIII; p. 450; by Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931; Edinburgh: D. Douglas; Not in copyright [http://www.archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun08pauluoft link]</ref> ****[[File:Unknow escutcheon-en.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Nunraw]]<ref>The Scots peerage: founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom; vol VIII; p. 451; by Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931; Edinburgh: D. Douglas; Not in copyright [http://www.archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun08pauluoft link]</ref> ***[[File:Hay of Smithfleld and Haystoun arms.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Haystoun]] ([[Hay Baronets|Baronet o Smithfield an Haystoun]])<ref>The Scots peerage: founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom; vol VIII; p. 435; by Paul, James Balfour, Sir, 1846-1931; Edinburgh: D. Douglas; Not in copyright [http://www.archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun08pauluoft link]</ref> *[[File:Unknow escutcheon-en.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Lochloy]]<ref>The Highland Clans By Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Iain Moncreiffe, David Hicks; p. 188; Published by Barrie & Jenkins, 1982; [http://books.google.co.uk/books?lr=&as_brr=0&id=WQlCAAAAIAAJ&dq=hay+of+lochloy&q=hay+of+lochloy&pgis=1 link]</ref> *[[File:Unknow escutcheon-en.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Delgatie]] **[[File:Hay of Park arms.svg|30px]]Hay of Park ([[Hay Baronets|Baronet of Park]]) *[[File:Unknow escutcheon-en.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Cardeny]] *[[File:Unknow escutcheon-en.svg|30px]]Hay o [[Hayfield (disambiguation)|Hayfield]] *[[File:Unknow escutcheon-en.svg|30px]]Dalrymple-Hay o [[Park Place]] ([[Dalrymple-Hay Baronets]]) ==Castles== *[[Delgatie Castle]], [[Aberdeenshire (unitary)|Aiberdeen]], [[Scotland]] wis gien tae the Clan Hay efter the [[Battle o Bannockburn]] in 1314. *[[File:Arms of Hay, Earl of Erroll.svg|30px]][[Slains Castle]] wis awned bi the chiefs o Clan Hay frae 1597 tae 1916.<ref>http://www.aboutaberdeen.com/slainscastle.php</ref> **[[File:Arms of Hay, Earl of Erroll.svg|30px]]([[Auld Slains Castle]], [[Aiberdeenshire]], [[Scotland]]) **[[File:Arms of Hay, Earl of Erroll.svg|30px]]([[New Slains Castle]], [[Aiberdeenshire]], [[Scotland]]) *[[Dupplin Castle]], [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]], [[Scotland]] *[[Duns Castle]], [[Berwickshire]], Scotland *[[Inshoch Castle]], [[Nairnshire]], [[Scotland]] *[[File:Hay of Megginch arms.svg|30px]][[Megginch Castle]], [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]], [[Scotland]] *[[Neidpath Castle]], [[Peebles]], [[Scotland]] *[[File:Hay of Park arms.svg|30px]][[Park Castle]], [[Galloway]], [[Scotland]] *[[File:Lord Hay of Yester arms.svg|30px]][[Yester Castle]], [[East Lothian]], [[Scotland]] ==Septs an Tartans== The [[septs]] an associatit Families o Clan Hay are:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.clanhay.net/septs.php |title=Septs and Associated Families by Official Website of the Clan Hay |access-date=2011-02-16 |archive-date=2011-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808201834/http://www.clanhay.net/septs.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{columns-start|num=5}} *[[File:Arms of Hay, Earl of Erroll.svg|30px]]Hay *de la Haye *MacHay *O'Hea *Hayson *Hayes *Hays *MacGaradh *MacGarra *McArra *MacGarrow *Garra *Garrad *Garrow *O'Garra *O'Garrow {{column}} *Leish *[[File:Hay of Leith arms.jpg|30px]]Leith *Des Hay *Peebles Hayton *Hayston *Haydock *Haytor *Hayden *Hayens *Haylees *Haynes *Hayse *Deshays *[[File:Hay of Alderston arms.jpg|30px]]Alderston *Kellour *[[File:Hay of Laxfirth arms.svg|30px]]Laxfirth *[[File:Hay of Locherworth arms.jpg|30px]]Locherworth *[[File:Lord Hay of Yester arms.svg|30px]]Yester *Drumelizior *Hayfield {{column}} *Ay, Aye *Ayer *Constable Haywood *Hayter *Haylor *Hayburn *Hayward *Hayne *Haynie *[[File:Hay of Smithfleld and Haystoun arms.svg|30px]]Haystoun {{column}} *Hey *Haye *Heyes *De Hay *da Hay *de Haya *da Haya *Dellahay *de la Hay *Hea *O'Hay Aue *Peeples Gifford *Beagrie *[[File:Marquess of Tweeddale arms.svg|30px]]Tweeddale *Delgatie *[[File:Arms of Hay, Earl of Erroll.svg|30px]]Erroll *[[File:Arms of Hay, Earl of Kinnoull.svg|30px]]Kinnoull *Slains *Turriff *Dupplin *de Plessis *Arroll *Conn, Con {{column}} *Hayhoe *Hayson *Hayhow *Hawson *D'Aye, D/Ay Fowks *(recent additions) *Hey - (Holland, Europe) *Hej - (frae Hey) *Geij - (Roushie, Pols, frae Hej) {{columns-end}} ==Relatit pages== *[[Scots clan]] *[[Earl o Erroll|The Earls o Erroll]] *[[Errol, Perth an Kinross|The lands o Errol]] *[[Hay Baronets]] ==notes== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==References== {{cite book | last = Balfour | first = J.P. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =The Scots Peerage, Vol.III | publisher = D. Douglas | year = 1906 | location =Edinburgh | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = }} {{cite book | last = Black | first = G.F. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The surnames of Scotland; their origin, meaning and history | publisher = New York Public Library | year = 1946 | location = New York | pages = | url =https://archive.org/details/surnamesofscotla0000blac | doi = | id = | isbn = }} {{cite book | last = Keegan | first = J. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Six Armies in Normandy | publisher = Penguin Books Ltd | year = 1983 | location = Harmondsworth, U.K. | pages = | url =https://archive.org/details/sixarmiesinnorma0000keeg_i0o7 | doi = | id = | isbn = }} {{cite web | last = Sutton | first = Dana F. | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = George Buchanan,Rerum Scoticarum Historia (1582). A hypertext critical edition. | date = | year = 2003, revised 2007 | url = http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/scot Hist/ | accessdate = 7/12/2010 | postscript = <!--None--> }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{cite web | last = Sutton | first =Dana F. | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = Hector Boethius, ''Scotorum Historia'' (1575 version). A hypertext critical edition. | date = | year = 2010 | url =http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/boece/ | accessdate =7/12/2010 | postscript = <!--None--> }} {{cite book | last =Townsend | first = P (editor) | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage | publisher = Burke's Peerage Limited | year = 1970 | location = London | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = }} {{cite journal | last =Wagner | first = A.R. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The origin of the Hays of Erroll | journal =The Genealogist's Magazine | volume = 11 and 12 | issue = | pages = 535–540 and 1–6 | publisher = | location = | date = 1954 and 1955 | url = | issn = | doi = | id = | accessdate = }} {{cite book | last = Whyte | first = D | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Sottish surnames | publisher = Birlinn Limited | year = 1996 | location = Edinburgh | pages = | url =https://archive.org/details/scottishforename0000whyt | doi = | id = | isbn = }} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.clanhay.org/ Clan Hay Society - Offeecial Wabsteid (beginnin 2010)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121233613/http://www.clanhay.org/ |date=2019-01-21 }} *[http://www.clanhay.net/ Clan Hay Society (umwhile Offeecial Clan Hay Wabsteid - circa 1998-2010)] *[http://www.clanhay.net/usa/ Clan Hay Society - American Branch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927181027/http://www.clanhay.net/usa/ |date=2011-09-27 }} *[http://www.clanhay.net/canada/ Clan Hay Society - Canadae Branch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723044200/http://www.clanhay.net/canada/ |date=2011-07-23 }} *[http://www.clanhaypipeband.be/ The Clan Hay Pipe Band] *[http://www.ftdna.com/public/hay The Hay DNA Project]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://forum.clanhay.net Clan Hay Forum (open public forum)] *[http://www.clanchiefs.org/p/?init=clanfinder&id=Hay Clan Hay page in The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs Wabsteid] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20091022145907/http://geocities.com/skildsoom/unique.html Clan Hay page in Armoria Familia Wabsteid] {{Scots clans}} [[Category:Scots clans|Hay]] [[Category:Scoto-Norman clans|Hay]] mdexl6hrjxsibjoqhonygh0nkynsdty 0 16466 920982 873530 2026-08-17T18:47:34Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{itheruises}} {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Granada | other_name = | settlement_type = | image_skyline =Granada collage1.jpg | image_alt = 400px | image_caption = Frae top left: The [[Alhambra]], [[Generalife]], ''Pateo de los Leones'' in Alhambra, Royal Hall in Alhambra, [[Albaicín]] an [[Sacromonte]], Huerto del Carlos, in Albaicín, Plaza Nueva, hoose in Albaicín, façade o the [[Cathedral o Granada|cathedral]], bell touer o the cathedral, Ryal Chapel | image_flag = Bandera de Granada (Granada).svg | flag_alt = | image_shield = Escudo de Granada (Granada).svg | shield_alt = | settlement_type = Ceety | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map1 = Spain | pushpin_label_position1 = Location o Granada athin Spain | pushpin_map_alt1 = | pushpin_map_caption1 = Location o Granada | coordinates = {{coord|37|10|41|N|3|36|03|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Andalusie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[File:Bandera de la provincia de Granada (España).svg|22x20px|border]]&nbsp;[[Province o Granada|Granada]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarca]] | subdivisio | government_type = [[Mayor-cooncil govrenment|Mayor-cooncil]] | governing_body = Ayuntamiento de Granada | leader_party = [[Fowkpairty (Spain)|PP]] | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = José Torres Hurtado | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 88 | elevation_footnotes = ([[AMSL]]) | elevation_m = 738 | population_as_of = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} | population_footnotes = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}} | population_total = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}} | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = ''granadino'' (m), ''granadina'' (f)<br />''iliberitano'' (m), ''iliberitana'' (f) ''granadí'', ''garnatí'' | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = [[Postal code]] | postal_code = 18000 | area_code = [[+34]] (Spain) + (Granada) | twin1 = | twin1_country = | website = {{official website|http://www.granada.org/}} | footnotes = }} '''Granada''' ({{IPA-es|ɡɾaˈnaða}}) is a ceety an the caipital o the [[province o Granada]], in the [[autonomous commonties o Spain|autonomous commonty]] o [[Andalusie]], [[Spain]]. The ceety o Granada is placit at the fuit of the [[Sierra Nevada (Spain)|Sierra Nevada]] muntains, at the confluence o three rivers, [[Beiro]], [[Darro (river)|Darro]] an [[Genil]], at an elevation o 738 metres abuin sea level yet anerlie ane oor frae the [[Mediterranean]] coast, the [[Costa Tropical]]. Nearbi is the [[Sierra Nevada Ski Station]], whaur the [[FIS Alpine Warld Ski Championships 1996]] wur held. At the 2005 [[census]], the population o the ceety o Granada proper wis 236,982, an the population o the entire urban aurie wis estimatit tae be 472,638, rankin as the 13t-lairgest urban aurie o Spain. Aboot 3.3% o the population did no hauld Spaingie ceetizenship, the lairgest number o these (31%) comin frae [[Sooth Americae]]. Its nearest airport is [[Federico García Lorca Airport]]. The [[Alhambra]], a [[Moors|Moorish]] citadel an palace, is in Granada. It is ane o the maist famous items o the [[Islamic]] historical legacy that makes Granada a hot spot amang cultural an tourist ceeties in Spain. The [[Almohad]] urbanism wi some fine examples o Moorish an [[Morisco]] constructions is preserved at the pairt o the ceety cried the [[Albaicín]]. Granada is an aa well-kent athin Spain due tae the prestigious [[Varsity o Granada]] an, nouadays, vibrant nicht-life. In fact, it is said that it is ane o the three best ceeties for university students (the ither twa are [[Salamanca]] an [[Santiago de Compostela]]). The [[pomegranate]] (in Spaingie, 'granada') is the [[heraldry|heraldic]] device o Granada. == Twin touns - sister ceeties == * {{flagicon|France}} [[Aix-en-Provence]], [[Fraunce]] * {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brazil]] * {{flagicon|United States}} [[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]], [[Unitit States]] * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Freiburg im Breisgau]], [[Germany]] * {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Marrakech]], [[Morocco]] * {{flagicon|the United Arab Emirates}} [[Sharjah (ceety)|Sharjah]], [[Unitit Arab Emirates]] * {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Tetuán]], [[Morocco]] * {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Tlemcen]], [[Algerie]] {{Commonscat}} {{Municipalities in Granada}} {{Caipitals o Provinces in Spain}} [[Category:Granada| ]] [[Category:Auncient mints]] gvs40idshks4wmdx2pt7f09n34yh9il 920999 920982 2026-08-17T22:51:52Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{itheruises}} {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Granada | image_skyline = Granada collage1.jpg | image_alt = 400px | image_caption = Frae top left: The [[Alhambra]], [[Generalife]], ''Pateo de los Leones'' in Alhambra, Royal Hall in Alhambra, [[Albaicín]] an [[Sacromonte]], Huerto del Carlos, in Albaicín, Plaza Nueva, hoose in Albaicín, façade o the [[Cathedral o Granada|cathedral]], bell touer o the cathedral, Ryal Chapel | image_flag = Bandera de Granada (Granada).svg | image_shield = Escudo de Granada (Granada).svg | settlement_type = Ceety | pushpin_map1 = Spain | pushpin_label_position1 = Location o Granada athin Spain | pushpin_map_caption1 = Location o Granada | coordinates = {{coord|37|10|41|N|3|36|03|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Andalusie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[File:Bandera de la provincia de Granada (España).svg|22x20px|border]]&nbsp;[[Province o Granada|Granada]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarca]] | subdivisio | government_type = [[Mayor-cooncil govrenment|Mayor-cooncil]] | governing_body = Ayuntamiento de Granada | leader_party = [[Fowkpairty (Spain)|PP]] | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = José Torres Hurtado | area_total_km2 = 88 | elevation_footnotes = ([[AMSL]]) | elevation_m = 738 | population_as_of = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} | population_footnotes = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}} | population_total = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}} | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = ''granadino'' (m), ''granadina'' (f)<br />''iliberitano'' (m), ''iliberitana'' (f) ''granadí'', ''garnatí'' | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = [[Postal code]] | postal_code = 18000 | area_code = [[+34]] (Spain) + (Granada) | website = {{official website|http://www.granada.org/}} }} '''Granada''' ({{IPA-es|ɡɾaˈnaða}}) is a ceety an the caipital o the [[province o Granada]], in the [[autonomous commonties o Spain|autonomous commonty]] o [[Andalusie]], [[Spain]]. The ceety o Granada is placit at the fuit of the [[Sierra Nevada (Spain)|Sierra Nevada]] muntains, at the confluence o three rivers, [[Beiro]], [[Darro (river)|Darro]] an [[Genil]], at an elevation o 738 metres abuin sea level yet anerlie ane oor frae the [[Mediterranean]] coast, the [[Costa Tropical]]. Nearbi is the [[Sierra Nevada Ski Station]], whaur the [[FIS Alpine Warld Ski Championships 1996]] wur held. At the 2005 [[census]], the population o the ceety o Granada proper wis 236,982, an the population o the entire urban aurie wis estimatit tae be 472,638, rankin as the 13t-lairgest urban aurie o Spain. Aboot 3.3% o the population did no hauld Spaingie ceetizenship, the lairgest number o these (31%) comin frae [[Sooth Americae]]. Its nearest airport is [[Federico García Lorca Airport]]. The [[Alhambra]], a [[Moors|Moorish]] citadel an palace, is in Granada. It is ane o the maist famous items o the [[Islamic]] historical legacy that makes Granada a hot spot amang cultural an tourist ceeties in Spain. The [[Almohad]] urbanism wi some fine examples o Moorish an [[Morisco]] constructions is preserved at the pairt o the ceety cried the [[Albaicín]]. Granada is an aa well-kent athin Spain due tae the prestigious [[Varsity o Granada]] an, nouadays, vibrant nicht-life. In fact, it is said that it is ane o the three best ceeties for university students (the ither twa are [[Salamanca]] an [[Santiago de Compostela]]). The [[pomegranate]] (in Spaingie, 'granada') is the [[heraldry|heraldic]] device o Granada. == Twin touns - sister ceeties == * {{flagicon|France}} [[Aix-en-Provence]], [[Fraunce]] * {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brazil]] * {{flagicon|United States}} [[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]], [[Unitit States]] * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Freiburg im Breisgau]], [[Germany]] * {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Marrakech]], [[Morocco]] * {{flagicon|the United Arab Emirates}} [[Sharjah (ceety)|Sharjah]], [[Unitit Arab Emirates]] * {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Tetuán]], [[Morocco]] * {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Tlemcen]], [[Algerie]] {{Commonscat}} {{Municipalities in Granada}} {{Caipitals o Provinces in Spain}} [[Category:Granada| ]] [[Category:Auncient mints]] l3c8zqs7lrckge3yyncihfc3yfgz8q4 0 16558 921074 742455 2026-08-18T10:14:52Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 921074 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Francois Villon 1489.jpg|thumb|<center> François Villon (in ''Grand Testament de Maistre François Villon'', 1489)</center>]] '''François Villon''' (1431-1463) wis a notable [[French poetry|French poet]]. __TOC__ == Life == ... == Warks == * ''Le Lais'' (1457) * ''Le Testament'' (1461) * ''Ballade des pendus'' (1462) ... == Ye can aye see tae == {{Commonscat|François Villon}} == Fremmit Airtins == * [http://www.pinkernell.de/villon/index.html « François Villon, sa vie et son œuvre »] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613150427/http://www.pinkernell.de/villon/index.html |date=2011-06-13 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Villon, Francois}} [[Category:1430s births]] [[Category:Varsity o Paris alumni]] [[Category:15t-century daiths]] [[Category:Writers frae Paris]] [[Category:French poets]] [[Category:Poètes maudits]] [[Category:French creeminals]] [[Category:Medieval poets]] [[Category:15t-century French writers]] [[Category:Missin fowk]] t854t1ipn1c9wffisqq0lw4bg4ddvne 0 17072 920962 826250 2026-08-17T18:33:17Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Ingland coonty | name = Greater Lunnon<br /><small>Lunnon region</small> | short_name = Lunnon | image = | map = [[File:Greater London UK locator map 2010.svg|200px|Lunnon's location athin Ingland.]] | status = [[Metropolitan an nan-metropolitan coonties o Ingland|Admeenistrative aurie]]<br />[[Ceremonial coonties o Ingland|Ceremonial county]]<ref group="notes">The ceremonial coonty o Greater Lunnon does no include the [[Ceety o Lunnon]]</ref> | region = Lunnon | area_km2 = 1,572 | area_mi2 = 607 | area_rank = 9th | density = 5,200/km² (13,466/square mile) (2011) | nuts3 = UKI | poprank = Rankit 1st | popestdate = 2011 | pop = 8,173,194 | density_km2 = 5,206 | ons = H | ethnicity = 69% white | gva_rank = 1st | gva = 30,385 | authority = [[Greater London Authority]] | adminhq = [[City Hall (Lunnon)|City Hall]], [[Southwark]], [[Lunnon]] | mps = [[Leet o Parliamentar constituencies in Lunnon]] | council = [[File:Greater London Authority logo.svg|180px]]<br/> [[Greater London Authority]] | executive = [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]] | mayor = [[Boris Johnson]] | assembly = [[London Assembly]] | election = directly electit | development_agency = [[London Development Agency|LDA]] | euro = [[London (European Parliament constituency)|London]] | subdivmap = {{London boroughs imagemap}} | subdivs = #[[Ceety o Lunnon]] #[[Ceety o Wastmeenster]] #[[Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea|Kensington and Chelsea]] #[[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham|Hammersmith and Fulham]] #[[London Borough of Wandsworth|Wandsworth]] #[[London Borough of Lambeth|Lambeth]] #[[London Borough of Southwark|Southwark]] #[[London Borough of Tower Hamlets|Tower Hamlets]] #[[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]] #[[London Borough of Islington|Islington]] #[[London Borough of Camden|Camden]] #[[London Borough of Brent|Brent]] #[[London Borough of Ealing|Ealing]] #[[London Borough of Hounslow|Hounslow]] #[[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames|Richmond upon Thames]] #[[Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames|Kingston upon Thames]] #[[London Borough of Merton|Merton]] #[[London Borough of Sutton|Sutton]] #[[London Borough of Croydon|Croydon]] #[[London Borough of Bromley|Bromley]] #[[London Borough of Lewisham|Lewisham]] #[[Royal Borough of Greenwich|Greenwich]] #[[London Borough of Bexley|Bexley]] #[[London Borough of Havering|Havering]] #[[London Borough of Barking and Dagenham|Barking and Dagenham]] #[[London Borough of Redbridge|Redbridge]] #[[London Borough of Newham|Newham]] #[[London Borough of Waltham Forest|Waltham Forest]] #[[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey]] #[[London Borough of Enfield|Enfield]] #[[London Borough of Barnet|Barnet]] #[[London Borough of Harrow|Harrow]] #[[London Borough of Hillingdon|Hillingdon]] | url = http://www.london.gov.uk |}} '''Greater Lunnon''' ({{lang-en|Greater London}}) is the tap-level [[admeenistrative diveesion]] o Ingland coverin [[Lunnon]]. It wis creatit in 1965 an spans the [[Ceety o Lunnon]], includin [[Middle Temple]] an [[Inner Temple]], an the 32 [[Lunnon borough]]s. This territory is coterminate wi the Lunnon [[Regions o England|Govrenment Office Region]] an the [[Lunnon (European Parliament constituency)|Lunnon European Parliament constituency]]. The region haes bi far the [[Leet o United Kinrick naitions bi GDP per caipita|heichest]] [[GDP per caipita]] in the Unitit Kinrick. It covers 1572&nbsp;km² (607 square miles) an haed a 2009 mid-year estimatit population o 7,753,600. The term ''Greater Lunnon'' wis in uise afore 1965 tae refer tae a variously defined aurie, lairger than the [[Coonty o Lunnon]] an aften seemilar tae the [[Metropolitan Police District]]. In addition tae its admeenistrative an statistical functions, Greater Lunnon (excludin the Ceety o Lunnon) is ane o the 48 [[ceremonial coonties o Ingland]], an is unner the [[Laird Lieutenant o Greater Lunnon|Greater Lunnon Lieutenancy]]. == History == Insteid o formin a single poleetical unit, [[Lunnon]] is dividit intae the sma, interior [[Ceety o Lunnon]] an the hinter wider Greater Lunnon. This arrangement haes come aboot acause as the aurie o Lunnon grew an absorbed neighbourin settlements, a series o admeenistrative reforms did no fully amalgamate the Ceety o Lunnon wi the metropolitan aurie, an its unique poleetical structur wis retained. Ootside the leemitit bundaries o the auld ceety, a variety o arrangements govrened the wider aurie syne 1855, culminatin wi the creation o the Greater Lunnon admeenistrative aurie in 1965. === Oreegins === The term ''Greater Lunnon'' haed been uised well afore 1965, parteecularly tae refer tae the aurie covered bi the [[Metropolitan Police District]] (sic as in the 1901 census), the aurie o the [[Metropolitan Water Board (Lunnon)|Metropolitan Water Board]] (favoured bi the Lunnon Coonty Cooncil for statistics), the [[Lunnon Passenger Transport Board|Lunnon Passenger Transport Aurie]] an the aurie defined bi the [[Registrar General]] as the ''Greater Lunnon Conurbation''. The Greater Lunnon Arterial Road Programme wis devised atween 1913 an 1916. Ane o the lairger early forms wis the Greater Lunnon Planning Region, devised in 1927, which occupee'd 1,856 square miles (4,810 km2) an included 9 million fowk. It wis historically kent as Inglon. === Ryal Commission on Lunnon Govrenment === [[File:Arms of the Greater London Council.svg|thumb|150px|Airms o [[Greater Lunnon Cooncil]]]] Awtho the [[Lunnon Coonty Cooncil]] haed been creatit as a Lunnon-wide authority coverin the [[Coonty o Lunnon]] in 1889, the Coonty did no even kiver aw the biggit-up aurie o Lunnon then, pairticularly [[Wast Ham]] an [[East Ham]]; furthermair mony o the LCC hoosin projects, includin the vast [[Becontree|Becontree Estate]], wur constructit ootside its formal bundaries. Lunnon Coonty Cooncil pressed for an alteration in its bundaries suin efter the end o the [[Warld War I|First Warld War]], notin that athin the Metropolitan an Ceety Police Districts thare wur 122 hoosin authorities. A [[Ryal Commission on Lunnon Govrenment]] wis set up tae consider the issue. Lunnon Coonty Cooncil proposed a vast new Greater Lunnon, somewhaur atween the Metropolitan Police District an the entire [[Hame Coonties]]. Protests wur made at the possibility o includin [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]], [[Slough]] an [[Eton, Berkshire|Eton]] in the authority. The Commission made its report in 1923, rejectin the LCC's scheme. Twa minority reports favoured chynge ayont the amalgamation o smawer urban destricts, includin baith smawer borough cooncils an a Central Authority for strategic functions. The [[Lunnon Traffic Act 1924]] wis a result o the Commission. === Creation o admeenistrative aurie === Reform o the local govrenment arrangements in the Coonty o Lunnon an its environs wis again considered bi the [[Ryal Commission on Local Govrenment in Greater Lunnon]]. Greater Lunnon wis formally creatit bi the [[Lunnon Govrenment Act 1963]], which teuk force on 1 Aprile 1965, replacin the umwhile [[admeenistrative coonties o Ingland|admeenistrative coonties]] o [[Middlesex]] an [[Coonty o Lunnon|Lunnon]], addin the [[Ceety o Lunnon]], which wis no unner the Lunnon Coonty Cooncil, an absorbin pairts o [[Kent]], [[Surrey]], [[Essex]] an [[Hertfordshire]]. Greater Lunnon oreeginally haed a twa-tier seestem o local govrenment, wi the [[Greater Lunnon Cooncil]] (GLC) sharin pouer wi the [[Ceety o Lunnon Corporation]] (govrenin the sma Ceety o Lunnon) an the 32 Lunnon borough cooncils. The Greater Lunnon Cooncil wis abolished in 1986 bi the [[Local Govrenment Act 1985]]. Its functions wur devolved tae the Corporation an the Lunnon boroughs wi some functions transferred tae central govrenment an jynt boards. === Greater Lunnon Authority === Greater Lunnon wis uised tae form the Lunnon [[Regions o Ingland|region o Ingland]] in 1994. A [[Lunnon referendum, 1998|referendum held in 1998]], established public will tae creaut a regional authority. The [[Greater Lunnon Authority]], [[Lunnon Assembly]] an the directly elected [[Mayor of London]] war creatit in 2000 bi the [[Greater Lunnon Authority Act 1999]]. The [[Lunnon mayoral election, 2000|2000]] an [[Lunnon mayoral election, 2004|2004 mayoral elections]] wur baith wan bi [[Ken Livingstone]], who haed been the feenal leader o the GLC. The 2008 election wis wan bi Boris Johnson the [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative Pairty]] candidate. In 2000 the ooter bundary o the [[Metropolitan Police District]] wis re-aligned tae the Greater Lunnon bundary. == Geography == Greater Lunnon is bundit bi the ''[[hame coonties]]'' o [[Essex]] an [[Hertfordshire]] in the [[East o Ingland]] region an [[Buckinghamshire]], [[Berkshire]], [[Surrey]] an [[Kent]] in [[Sooth East Ingland]]. The [[Leet o heichest points in Lunnon|heichest pynt in Greater Lunnon]] is Westerham Heights, in the [[North Douns]] an on the bundary wi Kent, at 245 metres (804&nbsp;ft). The aurie o Greater Lunnon haes no chynged significantly syne its creation. Thare hae been a [[Leet o Greater Lunnon bundary chynges|considerable nummer o smaw bundary chynges]]. The maist significant o thir wur the 1969 transfers o [[Knockholt]] tae Kent an [[Farleigh, Surrey|Farleigh]] tae Surrey an a series o minor adjustments durin the 1990s which realigned the bundary tae the [[M25 motorwey]] in some places. The majority o Greater Lunnon forms the [[Lunnon low emission zone]] frae 4 Februar 2008. == Govrenance == [[File:city.hall.london.arp.jpg|thumb|left|The Greater Lunnon Authority is based in [[Ceety Hall (Lunnon)|Ceety Hall]]]] Greater Lunnon is no a ceety in the proper sense that the wird applies in the Unitit Kinrick, that o bein a [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|status]] grantit bi the Croun. In addition, ane o the [[Lunnon burgh]]s, Westminster, is awready a ceety, as well as the [[Ceety o Lunnon]] itsel which wad mak sic a status anomalous. Despite this, Greater Lunnon is commonly regardit as a ceety in the general sense o a municipality. A [[Laird Lieutenant o Greater Lunnon]] is appointit for its aurie, less the Ceety o Lunnon, an aurie identical tae the [[Metropolitan Police District]], and for the purposes o the [[Lieutenancies Act 1997]], this aurie is defined as a [[Ceremonial coonties o Ingland|coonty]]. The term "Lunnon" is normally uised in reference tae Greater Lunnon or tae the owera conurbation, but no aften tae the auncient, tiny Ceety o Lunnon. Insteid, this sma aurie is aften referred tae simply as "the Ceety" or "the Square Mile" an it forms the main financial destrict. Airchaically the urbanised aurie o Lunnon wis kent as the [[Metropolis]]. In common uisage, the terms "Lunnon" an "Greater Lunnon" are uisually uised interchyngeably. It is offeecially dividit for some purposes, wi varyin definitions, intae [[Inner Lunnon]] an [[Ooter Lunnon]]. For strategic plannin purposes the region is dividit intae five [[Lunnon Plan#Sub regions|sub regions]]. === Strategic local govrenment === [[File:Greater London Authority logo.svg|thumb|200px|left|Logo o the Greater Lunnon Authority]] Greater Lunnon is unner the strategic local governance o the Greater Lunnon Authority. The [[Greater Lunnon Authority]] (GLA) comprises an electit assembly cried the [[Lunnon Assembly]] an an executive heid kent as the [[Mayor o Lunnon]]. === Local govrenment === {{Further|[[Lunnon burgh]]}} Greater Lunnon is dividit intae 32 Lunnon burghs, each govrened bi a Lunnon burgh cooncil; an the [[Ceety o Lunnon]], which haes a unique govrenment datin back tae the 12t century. Aw Lunnon borough cooncils belang tae the [[Lunnon Cooncils]] association. Twa Lunnon burghs, [[Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea|Kensington and Chelsea]], an [[Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames|Kingston]], cairy the purely honorific title o [[Leet o UK place names wi ryal patronage|Ryal burgh]]. Athin the Ceety o Lunnon bundary are the [[Liberty (diveesion)|liberties]] o [[Middle Temple]] an [[Inner Temple]]. {| class="toccolours" style="margin:0 auto; backgrond:none;" | style="padding-right:1em;" | <ol> <li>[[Ceety o Lunnon]]</li> <li>[[Ceety o Wastmeenster]]</li> <li>[[Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea|Kensington and Chelsea]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham|Hammersmith and Fulham]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Wandsworth|Wandsworth]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Lambeth|Lambeth]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Southwark|Southwark]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Tower Hamlets|Tower Hamlets]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Islington|Islington]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Camden|Camden]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Brent|Brent]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Ealing|Ealing]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Hounslow|Hounslow]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames|Richmond]]</li> <li>[[Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames|Kingston]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Merton|Merton]]</li> </ol> | style="background:#FFF; padding:0 1em;" class="toccolours"| {{London boroughs imagemap}} | <ol start="18"> <li>[[London Borough of Sutton|Sutton]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Croydon|Croydon]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Bromley|Bromley]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Lewisham|Lewisham]]</li> <li>[[Royal Borough of Greenwich|Greenwich]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Bexley|Bexley]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Havering|Havering]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Barking and Dagenham|Barking and Dagenham]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Redbridge|Redbridge]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Newham|Newham]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Waltham Forest|Waltham Forest]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Enfield|Enfield]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Barnet|Barnet]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Harrow|Harrow]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Hillingdon|Hillingdon]]</li> </ol> |} === Lunnon Assembly === {{Further|[[Leet o Lunnon Assembly constituencies]]}} For elections tae the Lunnon Assembly, Lunnon is dividit intae fowerteen constituencies. The constituencies are formed frae the aurie o twa or three boroughs combined. The Ceety o Lunnon forms pairt o the [[Ceety an East (Lunnon Assembly constituency)|Ceety an East]] constituency. === UK Parliament === {{Further|Leet o Parliamentary constituencies in Lunnon}} Lunnon is dividit intae 73 Parliamentary constituencies, which are aw sma [[Burgh constituency|burgh constituencies]]. Thay are formed frae the combined aurie o several [[ward (politics)|wards]] frae ane or mair Lunnon Burghs. teepically a single burgh is covered bi twa or three constituencies. == Economy == This is a chairt o trend o regional [[gross value addit]] (GVA) o Inner Lunnon at current basic prices [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20050303060209/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf published] (pp.&nbsp;240–253) bi ''Office for National Statistics'' wi figures in millions o Breetish Punds Sterlin. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! Regional Gross Value Addit ! Agricultur ! Industry ! Services |- | 1995 | '''64,616''' | 7 | 8,147 | 56,461 |- | 2000 | '''92,330''' | 6 | 10,094 | 82,229 |- | 2003 | '''112,090''' | 12 | 10,154 | 101,924 |} This is a chairt o trend o regional gross value addit o Ooter Lunnon at current basic prices [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20050303060209/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf published] (pp.&nbsp;240–253) bi ''Office for National Statistics'' wi figures in millions o Breetish Punds Sterlin. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! Regional Gross Value Addit ! Agricultur ! Industry ! Services |- | 1995 | '''44,160''' | 51 | 10,801 | 33,307 |- | 2000 | '''60,304''' | 43 | 12,529 | 47,732 |- | 2003 | '''67,582''' | 39 | 13,081 | 54,462 |} == Twinnin == The Greater Lunnon Authority haes twin an sister ceety agreements wi the follaein ceeties. {| class="wikitable" "text-align:right;font-size:100%;"| |- ! style="background: #810541; color: #FFFFFF" ! | ! style="background: #810541; color: #FFFFFF" height="17" width="110" | Kintra ! style="background: #810541; color: #FFFFFF" ! width="110" | Ceety ! style="background: #810541; color: #FFFFFF" ! width="150" | Coonty / Destrict / Region / State ! style="background: #810541; color: #FFFFFF" ! width="50" | Date |- ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | {{Flagicon|China}} ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] ! style="background: #FFFFCF; color: #000000" ! | '''[[Beijing]]''' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | ''Beijing Municipality'' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | 2006 |- ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | {{Flagicon|France}} ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | [[Fraunce]] ! style="background: #FFFFCF; color: #000000" ! | '''[[Paris]]''' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | ''[[Île-de-France (region)|Île-de-France]]'' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | |- ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | {{Flagicon|Germany}} ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | [[Germany]] ! style="background: #FFFFCF; color: #000000" ! | '''[[Berlin]]''' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | ''Berlin'' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | 2000 |- ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | {{Flagicon|Russia}} ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | [[Roushie]] ! style="background: #FFFFCF; color: #000000" ! | '''[[Moscow]]''' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | ''[[Central Federal Destrict]]'' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | |- ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | {{Flagicon|United States}} ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | [[Unitit States]] ! style="background: #FFFFCF; color: #000000" ! | '''[[New York Ceety]]''' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | ''[[New York]]'' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | 2001 |- ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | {{Flagicon|Japan}} ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | [[Japan]] ! style="background: #FFFFCF; color: #000000" ! | '''[[Tokyo]]''' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | ''Tokyo'' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | 2005 |} For Burgh twinnin see [[Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in the Unitit Kinrick#Lunnon]]. ==References & notes== ===Notes=== <references group="notes"/> ===References=== {{Reflist|2}} == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.london.gov.uk Greater Lunnon Authority] * [http://www.greaterlondononline.co.uk Greater Lunnon Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221030626/http://www.greaterlondononline.co.uk/ |date=2016-02-21 }} - Lunnon Community News, Information an Business Directory * [http://www.businesscommunitydirectory.co.uk/business-sector/greater_london Greater Lunnon Business Community Directory]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/London}} {{Ingland coonties}} [[Category:Greater Lunnon| ]] [[Category:Geografie o Lunnon]] [[Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions o Ingland]] [[Category:Local govrenment in Lunnon]] [[Category:Metropolitan auries o Ingland]] [[Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions o the European Union]] [[Category:Interestit pairties in plannin in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Coonties o Ingland established in 1965]] <!--Interwiki--> sz9w0cithg2kyqvq9faemtpe18w0cam 921022 920962 2026-08-17T23:12:26Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Ingland coonty | name = Greater Lunnon<br /><small>Lunnon region</small> | short_name = Lunnon | map = [[File:Greater London UK locator map 2010.svg|200px|Lunnon's location athin Ingland.]] | status = [[Metropolitan an nan-metropolitan coonties o Ingland|Admeenistrative aurie]]<br />[[Ceremonial coonties o Ingland|Ceremonial county]]<ref group="notes">The ceremonial coonty o Greater Lunnon does no include the [[Ceety o Lunnon]]</ref> | region = Lunnon | area_km2 = 1,572 | area_mi2 = 607 | area_rank = 9th | density = 5,200/km² (13,466/square mile) (2011) | nuts3 = UKI | poprank = Rankit 1st | popestdate = 2011 | pop = 8,173,194 | density_km2 = 5,206 | ons = H | ethnicity = 69% white | gva_rank = 1st | gva = 30,385 | authority = [[Greater London Authority]] | adminhq = [[City Hall (Lunnon)|City Hall]], [[Southwark]], [[Lunnon]] | mps = [[Leet o Parliamentar constituencies in Lunnon]] | council = [[File:Greater London Authority logo.svg|180px]]<br/> [[Greater London Authority]] | executive = [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]] | mayor = [[Boris Johnson]] | assembly = [[London Assembly]] | election = directly electit | development_agency = [[London Development Agency|LDA]] | euro = [[London (European Parliament constituency)|London]] | subdivmap = {{London boroughs imagemap}} | subdivs = #[[Ceety o Lunnon]] #[[Ceety o Wastmeenster]] #[[Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea|Kensington and Chelsea]] #[[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham|Hammersmith and Fulham]] #[[London Borough of Wandsworth|Wandsworth]] #[[London Borough of Lambeth|Lambeth]] #[[London Borough of Southwark|Southwark]] #[[London Borough of Tower Hamlets|Tower Hamlets]] #[[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]] #[[London Borough of Islington|Islington]] #[[London Borough of Camden|Camden]] #[[London Borough of Brent|Brent]] #[[London Borough of Ealing|Ealing]] #[[London Borough of Hounslow|Hounslow]] #[[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames|Richmond upon Thames]] #[[Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames|Kingston upon Thames]] #[[London Borough of Merton|Merton]] #[[London Borough of Sutton|Sutton]] #[[London Borough of Croydon|Croydon]] #[[London Borough of Bromley|Bromley]] #[[London Borough of Lewisham|Lewisham]] #[[Royal Borough of Greenwich|Greenwich]] #[[London Borough of Bexley|Bexley]] #[[London Borough of Havering|Havering]] #[[London Borough of Barking and Dagenham|Barking and Dagenham]] #[[London Borough of Redbridge|Redbridge]] #[[London Borough of Newham|Newham]] #[[London Borough of Waltham Forest|Waltham Forest]] #[[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey]] #[[London Borough of Enfield|Enfield]] #[[London Borough of Barnet|Barnet]] #[[London Borough of Harrow|Harrow]] #[[London Borough of Hillingdon|Hillingdon]] | url = http://www.london.gov.uk |}} '''Greater Lunnon''' ({{lang-en|Greater London}}) is the tap-level [[admeenistrative diveesion]] o Ingland coverin [[Lunnon]]. It wis creatit in 1965 an spans the [[Ceety o Lunnon]], includin [[Middle Temple]] an [[Inner Temple]], an the 32 [[Lunnon borough]]s. This territory is coterminate wi the Lunnon [[Regions o England|Govrenment Office Region]] an the [[Lunnon (European Parliament constituency)|Lunnon European Parliament constituency]]. The region haes bi far the [[Leet o United Kinrick naitions bi GDP per caipita|heichest]] [[GDP per caipita]] in the Unitit Kinrick. It covers 1572&nbsp;km² (607 square miles) an haed a 2009 mid-year estimatit population o 7,753,600. The term ''Greater Lunnon'' wis in uise afore 1965 tae refer tae a variously defined aurie, lairger than the [[Coonty o Lunnon]] an aften seemilar tae the [[Metropolitan Police District]]. In addition tae its admeenistrative an statistical functions, Greater Lunnon (excludin the Ceety o Lunnon) is ane o the 48 [[ceremonial coonties o Ingland]], an is unner the [[Laird Lieutenant o Greater Lunnon|Greater Lunnon Lieutenancy]]. == History == Insteid o formin a single poleetical unit, [[Lunnon]] is dividit intae the sma, interior [[Ceety o Lunnon]] an the hinter wider Greater Lunnon. This arrangement haes come aboot acause as the aurie o Lunnon grew an absorbed neighbourin settlements, a series o admeenistrative reforms did no fully amalgamate the Ceety o Lunnon wi the metropolitan aurie, an its unique poleetical structur wis retained. Ootside the leemitit bundaries o the auld ceety, a variety o arrangements govrened the wider aurie syne 1855, culminatin wi the creation o the Greater Lunnon admeenistrative aurie in 1965. === Oreegins === The term ''Greater Lunnon'' haed been uised well afore 1965, parteecularly tae refer tae the aurie covered bi the [[Metropolitan Police District]] (sic as in the 1901 census), the aurie o the [[Metropolitan Water Board (Lunnon)|Metropolitan Water Board]] (favoured bi the Lunnon Coonty Cooncil for statistics), the [[Lunnon Passenger Transport Board|Lunnon Passenger Transport Aurie]] an the aurie defined bi the [[Registrar General]] as the ''Greater Lunnon Conurbation''. The Greater Lunnon Arterial Road Programme wis devised atween 1913 an 1916. Ane o the lairger early forms wis the Greater Lunnon Planning Region, devised in 1927, which occupee'd 1,856 square miles (4,810 km2) an included 9 million fowk. It wis historically kent as Inglon. === Ryal Commission on Lunnon Govrenment === [[File:Arms of the Greater London Council.svg|thumb|150px|Airms o [[Greater Lunnon Cooncil]]]] Awtho the [[Lunnon Coonty Cooncil]] haed been creatit as a Lunnon-wide authority coverin the [[Coonty o Lunnon]] in 1889, the Coonty did no even kiver aw the biggit-up aurie o Lunnon then, pairticularly [[Wast Ham]] an [[East Ham]]; furthermair mony o the LCC hoosin projects, includin the vast [[Becontree|Becontree Estate]], wur constructit ootside its formal bundaries. Lunnon Coonty Cooncil pressed for an alteration in its bundaries suin efter the end o the [[Warld War I|First Warld War]], notin that athin the Metropolitan an Ceety Police Districts thare wur 122 hoosin authorities. A [[Ryal Commission on Lunnon Govrenment]] wis set up tae consider the issue. Lunnon Coonty Cooncil proposed a vast new Greater Lunnon, somewhaur atween the Metropolitan Police District an the entire [[Hame Coonties]]. Protests wur made at the possibility o includin [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]], [[Slough]] an [[Eton, Berkshire|Eton]] in the authority. The Commission made its report in 1923, rejectin the LCC's scheme. Twa minority reports favoured chynge ayont the amalgamation o smawer urban destricts, includin baith smawer borough cooncils an a Central Authority for strategic functions. The [[Lunnon Traffic Act 1924]] wis a result o the Commission. === Creation o admeenistrative aurie === Reform o the local govrenment arrangements in the Coonty o Lunnon an its environs wis again considered bi the [[Ryal Commission on Local Govrenment in Greater Lunnon]]. Greater Lunnon wis formally creatit bi the [[Lunnon Govrenment Act 1963]], which teuk force on 1 Aprile 1965, replacin the umwhile [[admeenistrative coonties o Ingland|admeenistrative coonties]] o [[Middlesex]] an [[Coonty o Lunnon|Lunnon]], addin the [[Ceety o Lunnon]], which wis no unner the Lunnon Coonty Cooncil, an absorbin pairts o [[Kent]], [[Surrey]], [[Essex]] an [[Hertfordshire]]. Greater Lunnon oreeginally haed a twa-tier seestem o local govrenment, wi the [[Greater Lunnon Cooncil]] (GLC) sharin pouer wi the [[Ceety o Lunnon Corporation]] (govrenin the sma Ceety o Lunnon) an the 32 Lunnon borough cooncils. The Greater Lunnon Cooncil wis abolished in 1986 bi the [[Local Govrenment Act 1985]]. Its functions wur devolved tae the Corporation an the Lunnon boroughs wi some functions transferred tae central govrenment an jynt boards. === Greater Lunnon Authority === Greater Lunnon wis uised tae form the Lunnon [[Regions o Ingland|region o Ingland]] in 1994. A [[Lunnon referendum, 1998|referendum held in 1998]], established public will tae creaut a regional authority. The [[Greater Lunnon Authority]], [[Lunnon Assembly]] an the directly elected [[Mayor of London]] war creatit in 2000 bi the [[Greater Lunnon Authority Act 1999]]. The [[Lunnon mayoral election, 2000|2000]] an [[Lunnon mayoral election, 2004|2004 mayoral elections]] wur baith wan bi [[Ken Livingstone]], who haed been the feenal leader o the GLC. The 2008 election wis wan bi Boris Johnson the [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative Pairty]] candidate. In 2000 the ooter bundary o the [[Metropolitan Police District]] wis re-aligned tae the Greater Lunnon bundary. == Geography == Greater Lunnon is bundit bi the ''[[hame coonties]]'' o [[Essex]] an [[Hertfordshire]] in the [[East o Ingland]] region an [[Buckinghamshire]], [[Berkshire]], [[Surrey]] an [[Kent]] in [[Sooth East Ingland]]. The [[Leet o heichest points in Lunnon|heichest pynt in Greater Lunnon]] is Westerham Heights, in the [[North Douns]] an on the bundary wi Kent, at 245 metres (804&nbsp;ft). The aurie o Greater Lunnon haes no chynged significantly syne its creation. Thare hae been a [[Leet o Greater Lunnon bundary chynges|considerable nummer o smaw bundary chynges]]. The maist significant o thir wur the 1969 transfers o [[Knockholt]] tae Kent an [[Farleigh, Surrey|Farleigh]] tae Surrey an a series o minor adjustments durin the 1990s which realigned the bundary tae the [[M25 motorwey]] in some places. The majority o Greater Lunnon forms the [[Lunnon low emission zone]] frae 4 Februar 2008. == Govrenance == [[File:city.hall.london.arp.jpg|thumb|left|The Greater Lunnon Authority is based in [[Ceety Hall (Lunnon)|Ceety Hall]]]] Greater Lunnon is no a ceety in the proper sense that the wird applies in the Unitit Kinrick, that o bein a [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|status]] grantit bi the Croun. In addition, ane o the [[Lunnon burgh]]s, Westminster, is awready a ceety, as well as the [[Ceety o Lunnon]] itsel which wad mak sic a status anomalous. Despite this, Greater Lunnon is commonly regardit as a ceety in the general sense o a municipality. A [[Laird Lieutenant o Greater Lunnon]] is appointit for its aurie, less the Ceety o Lunnon, an aurie identical tae the [[Metropolitan Police District]], and for the purposes o the [[Lieutenancies Act 1997]], this aurie is defined as a [[Ceremonial coonties o Ingland|coonty]]. The term "Lunnon" is normally uised in reference tae Greater Lunnon or tae the owera conurbation, but no aften tae the auncient, tiny Ceety o Lunnon. Insteid, this sma aurie is aften referred tae simply as "the Ceety" or "the Square Mile" an it forms the main financial destrict. Airchaically the urbanised aurie o Lunnon wis kent as the [[Metropolis]]. In common uisage, the terms "Lunnon" an "Greater Lunnon" are uisually uised interchyngeably. It is offeecially dividit for some purposes, wi varyin definitions, intae [[Inner Lunnon]] an [[Ooter Lunnon]]. For strategic plannin purposes the region is dividit intae five [[Lunnon Plan#Sub regions|sub regions]]. === Strategic local govrenment === [[File:Greater London Authority logo.svg|thumb|200px|left|Logo o the Greater Lunnon Authority]] Greater Lunnon is unner the strategic local governance o the Greater Lunnon Authority. The [[Greater Lunnon Authority]] (GLA) comprises an electit assembly cried the [[Lunnon Assembly]] an an executive heid kent as the [[Mayor o Lunnon]]. === Local govrenment === {{Further|[[Lunnon burgh]]}} Greater Lunnon is dividit intae 32 Lunnon burghs, each govrened bi a Lunnon burgh cooncil; an the [[Ceety o Lunnon]], which haes a unique govrenment datin back tae the 12t century. Aw Lunnon borough cooncils belang tae the [[Lunnon Cooncils]] association. Twa Lunnon burghs, [[Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea|Kensington and Chelsea]], an [[Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames|Kingston]], cairy the purely honorific title o [[Leet o UK place names wi ryal patronage|Ryal burgh]]. Athin the Ceety o Lunnon bundary are the [[Liberty (diveesion)|liberties]] o [[Middle Temple]] an [[Inner Temple]]. {| class="toccolours" style="margin:0 auto; backgrond:none;" | style="padding-right:1em;" | <ol> <li>[[Ceety o Lunnon]]</li> <li>[[Ceety o Wastmeenster]]</li> <li>[[Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea|Kensington and Chelsea]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham|Hammersmith and Fulham]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Wandsworth|Wandsworth]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Lambeth|Lambeth]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Southwark|Southwark]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Tower Hamlets|Tower Hamlets]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Islington|Islington]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Camden|Camden]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Brent|Brent]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Ealing|Ealing]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Hounslow|Hounslow]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames|Richmond]]</li> <li>[[Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames|Kingston]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Merton|Merton]]</li> </ol> | style="background:#FFF; padding:0 1em;" class="toccolours"| {{London boroughs imagemap}} | <ol start="18"> <li>[[London Borough of Sutton|Sutton]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Croydon|Croydon]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Bromley|Bromley]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Lewisham|Lewisham]]</li> <li>[[Royal Borough of Greenwich|Greenwich]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Bexley|Bexley]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Havering|Havering]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Barking and Dagenham|Barking and Dagenham]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Redbridge|Redbridge]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Newham|Newham]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Waltham Forest|Waltham Forest]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Enfield|Enfield]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Barnet|Barnet]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Harrow|Harrow]]</li> <li>[[London Borough of Hillingdon|Hillingdon]]</li> </ol> |} === Lunnon Assembly === {{Further|[[Leet o Lunnon Assembly constituencies]]}} For elections tae the Lunnon Assembly, Lunnon is dividit intae fowerteen constituencies. The constituencies are formed frae the aurie o twa or three boroughs combined. The Ceety o Lunnon forms pairt o the [[Ceety an East (Lunnon Assembly constituency)|Ceety an East]] constituency. === UK Parliament === {{Further|Leet o Parliamentary constituencies in Lunnon}} Lunnon is dividit intae 73 Parliamentary constituencies, which are aw sma [[Burgh constituency|burgh constituencies]]. Thay are formed frae the combined aurie o several [[ward (politics)|wards]] frae ane or mair Lunnon Burghs. teepically a single burgh is covered bi twa or three constituencies. == Economy == This is a chairt o trend o regional [[gross value addit]] (GVA) o Inner Lunnon at current basic prices [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20050303060209/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf published] (pp.&nbsp;240–253) bi ''Office for National Statistics'' wi figures in millions o Breetish Punds Sterlin. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! Regional Gross Value Addit ! Agricultur ! Industry ! Services |- | 1995 | '''64,616''' | 7 | 8,147 | 56,461 |- | 2000 | '''92,330''' | 6 | 10,094 | 82,229 |- | 2003 | '''112,090''' | 12 | 10,154 | 101,924 |} This is a chairt o trend o regional gross value addit o Ooter Lunnon at current basic prices [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20050303060209/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf published] (pp.&nbsp;240–253) bi ''Office for National Statistics'' wi figures in millions o Breetish Punds Sterlin. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! Regional Gross Value Addit ! Agricultur ! Industry ! Services |- | 1995 | '''44,160''' | 51 | 10,801 | 33,307 |- | 2000 | '''60,304''' | 43 | 12,529 | 47,732 |- | 2003 | '''67,582''' | 39 | 13,081 | 54,462 |} == Twinnin == The Greater Lunnon Authority haes twin an sister ceety agreements wi the follaein ceeties. {| class="wikitable" "text-align:right;font-size:100%;"| |- ! style="background: #810541; color: #FFFFFF" ! | ! style="background: #810541; color: #FFFFFF" height="17" width="110" | Kintra ! style="background: #810541; color: #FFFFFF" ! width="110" | Ceety ! style="background: #810541; color: #FFFFFF" ! width="150" | Coonty / Destrict / Region / State ! style="background: #810541; color: #FFFFFF" ! width="50" | Date |- ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | {{Flagicon|China}} ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] ! style="background: #FFFFCF; color: #000000" ! | '''[[Beijing]]''' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | ''Beijing Municipality'' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | 2006 |- ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | {{Flagicon|France}} ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | [[Fraunce]] ! style="background: #FFFFCF; color: #000000" ! | '''[[Paris]]''' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | ''[[Île-de-France (region)|Île-de-France]]'' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | |- ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | {{Flagicon|Germany}} ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | [[Germany]] ! style="background: #FFFFCF; color: #000000" ! | '''[[Berlin]]''' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | ''Berlin'' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | 2000 |- ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | {{Flagicon|Russia}} ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | [[Roushie]] ! style="background: #FFFFCF; color: #000000" ! | '''[[Moscow]]''' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | ''[[Central Federal Destrict]]'' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | |- ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | {{Flagicon|United States}} ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | [[Unitit States]] ! style="background: #FFFFCF; color: #000000" ! | '''[[New York Ceety]]''' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | ''[[New York]]'' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | 2001 |- ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | {{Flagicon|Japan}} ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | [[Japan]] ! style="background: #FFFFCF; color: #000000" ! | '''[[Tokyo]]''' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | ''Tokyo'' ! style="background: #FFFFEF; color: #000000" ! | 2005 |} For Burgh twinnin see [[Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in the Unitit Kinrick#Lunnon]]. ==References & notes== ===Notes=== <references group="notes"/> ===References=== {{Reflist|2}} == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.london.gov.uk Greater Lunnon Authority] * [http://www.greaterlondononline.co.uk Greater Lunnon Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221030626/http://www.greaterlondononline.co.uk/ |date=2016-02-21 }} - Lunnon Community News, Information an Business Directory * [http://www.businesscommunitydirectory.co.uk/business-sector/greater_london Greater Lunnon Business Community Directory]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/London}} {{Ingland coonties}} [[Category:Greater Lunnon| ]] [[Category:Geografie o Lunnon]] [[Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions o Ingland]] [[Category:Local govrenment in Lunnon]] [[Category:Metropolitan auries o Ingland]] [[Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions o the European Union]] [[Category:Interestit pairties in plannin in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Coonties o Ingland established in 1965]] <!--Interwiki--> 1fvo4lvo9rr6ns5vhp8paf92xwmkrmv 0 18101 921078 595347 2026-08-18T10:58:01Z Lirazelf 27464 image 921078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the [[bee]] ''Bombus pascuorum''|brounie (bee)}} [[File:Illustration_of_a_brownie_by_Alice_B_Woodward.jpg|thumb|Illustration o a brounie bi Alice B Woodward]] A '''brounie''' is a furthie hoosehauld [[spreet]], for ordinar tautie an o an unco shape, that hauntit hooses, in parteecular ferm-hooses, an, gin the servands treatit him weel, did mony guid turns whan they wis asleep. [[Category:Inglis leegendar craiturs]] [[Category:Fairies]] [[Category:Scots leegendar craiturs]] [[Category:Tutelary deities]] g3tsp92owaio98v59cvag3nkrhskqq0 0 31901 920964 874543 2026-08-17T18:35:44Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Roushie federal subject |en_name=Stavropol Krai |ru_name=Ставропольский край |image_map=Stavropol in Russia.svg |coordinates = {{coord|45|03|N|43|16|E|type:adm1st_region:RU|display=inline,title}} |image_coa=Coat of arms of Stavropol Krai.svg |coa_caption=[[Coat o airms o Stavropol Krai]] |image_flag=Flag of Stavropol Krai.svg |flag_caption=[[Flag o Stavropol Krai]] |anthem=''none'' |anthem_ref |holiday |holiday_ref |political_status=Krai |political_status_link=Krais o Roushie |federal_district=[[North Caucasian Federal Destrict|North Caucasian]] |economic_region=[[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]] |adm_ctr_type=Admeenistrative center |adm_ctr_name=[[Stavropol]] |pop_2010census=2786281 |pop_2010census_rank=14t |urban_pop_2010census=57.2% |rural_pop_2010census=42.8% |pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census" /> |pop_density |pop_density_as_of |pop_density_ref |pop_latest |pop_latest_date |pop_latest_ref |area_km2=66500 |area_km2_rank=45t |area_km2_ref |established_date=10 Januar 1934 |established_date_ref |license_plates=26 |ISO=RU-STA |gov_as_of=April 2009 |leader_title=[[Govrenor o Stavropol Krai|Govrenor]] |leader_title_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis">Charter, Article&nbsp;8</ref> |leader_name=[[Valery Gayevsky]] |leader_name_ref=<ref name="HeadName">Official website of the Governor of Stavropol Krai. [http://www.gubernator.stavkray.ru/?go=biography Biography of Valery Veniaminovich Gayevsky] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511123048/http://www.gubernator.stavkray.ru/?go=biography |date=2012-05-11 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |legislature=[[State Duma o Stavropol Krai|State Duma]] |legislature_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis" /> |website=http://www.stavkray.ru/ |website_ref |date=August 2010 }} '''Stavropol Krai''' ({{lang-ru|Ставропо́льский край}}, ''Stavropolsky kray'') is a [[federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject]] o [[Roushie]] (a [[krai]]). Its [[admeenistrative center]] is the [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|ceety]] o [[Stavropol]]. Population: 2,786,281 ([[Roushie Census (2010)|2010 Census]]).<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> ==Geografie== Stavropol Krai encompasses the central pairt o the [[Fore-Caucasus]] an maist o the northren slopes o [[Caucasus Major]]. It borders on [[Rostov Oblast]], [[Krasnodar Krai]], the Republic o [[Kalmykie]], the Republic o [[Dagestan]], the [[Chechnie|Chechen Republic]], the Republic o [[North Ossetie-Alanie]], the [[Kabardino-Balkarie|Kabardino-Balkar Republic]], an the [[Karachay–Cherkessie|Karachay–Cherkess Republic]]. Stavropol is traversed bi the northeasterly lines o equal latitude an langitude. ==Demographics== ===Population=== Accordin tae the [[Roushie Census (2010)|2010 Census]], the population o the krai is 2,786,281;<ref name="2010Census" /> up frae 2,735,139 recordit in the [[Roushie Census (2002)|2002 Census]]<ref name="2002Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}</ref> an further up frae 2,410,379 recordit in the [[Soviet Census (1989)|1989 Census]].<ref name="1989Census">{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}}</ref> The population o the krai is concentratit in the [[Kuban River]] an the [[Kuma River (Roushie)|Kuma River]] drainage basin, whilk uised tae be tradeetional [[Cossack]] land (see ''[[History o Cossacks]]''). The [[Kuban Cossacks]] are nou generally conseidered tae be ethnic Roushies, even tho thay are still an important minority in thair awn richt in this aurie. Ither notable ethnic groups include the [[Armenies]] (''maistly Christian [[Hamsheni]]'') an [[Greeks]] wha haes been settlin here syne at least the 18t century. ===Ethnic groups=== The 2010 Census coontit thirty-three ethnic groups o mair nor 2,000&nbsp;bodies each, makkin this federal subject ane o the maist multiethnic in [[Roushie]]. The indwallers identifee'd thairsels as belangin mair nor 140 different ethnic groups, as shawn in the follaein table:<ref name="2010Census" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Population ! [[Ethnicity]] ! Percentage o total population |- | 2,232,153 | [[Roushies]] | 80.9% |- | 161,324 | [[Armenies]] | 5.9% |- | 30,373 | [[Ukrainians]] | 1.1% |- | 49,302 | [[Dargins]] | 1.8% |- | 33,573 | [[Greeks]] | 1.2% |- | 22,006 | [[Nogais]] | 0.8% |- | 30,879 | [[Roma (Romani subgroup)|Roma fowk]] | 1.1% |- | 15,598 | [[Karachay]] | 0.6% |- | 17,800 | [[Azerbaijanis]] | 0.6% |- | 15,048 | [[Turkmens]] | 0.5% |- | 11,980 | [[Chechens]] | 0.4% |- | 11,795 | [[Tatars]] | 0.4% |- | 7,988 | [[Osseties]] | 0.3% |- | 10,419 | [[Turkis fowk|Turks]] | 0.4% |- | 7,104 | [[Belaroushies]] | 0.3% |- | 6,759 | [[Koreans]] | 0.2% |- | 55,946 | Ithers | 2% |} *26,855 fowk wur registered frae admeenistrative databases, an coudnae declare a ethnicity. It is estimatit that the proportion o ethnicities in this group is the same as that o the declared group.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-12-03 |archive-date=2019-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107001951/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Vital Statistics for 2007''': {{Citation needed}} *Birth Rate: 11.22 per 1,000 *Daith Rate: 13.32 per 1,000 *Net Immigration: +3.5 per 1,000 *NGR: -0.21% per Year *PGR: +0.14% per Year ;Vital statistics for 2012 *Births: 34 768 (12.5 per 1000) *Daiths: 33 356 (12.0 per 1000) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2012/demo/edn12-12.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-12-03 |archive-date=2013-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301092826/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2012/demo/edn12-12.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> *'''Total growthiness rate:''' 2009 - 1.45 | 2010 - 1.44 | 2011 - 1.43 |<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-12-03 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224183858/http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2012 - 1.54(e) ===Releegion=== {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = Releegion in Stavropol Krai (2012)<ref name="ArenaAtlas">[http://sreda.org/arena Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia]. Sreda.org</ref><ref name="2012maps">[http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Survey Maps]. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. ''Retrieved 24-09-2012''.</ref> |label1 = [[Roushie Orthodox Kirk|Roushie Orthodox]] |value1 = 46.9 |color1 = DarkOrchid |label2 = Unaffiliatit [[Christian]] |value2 = 7 |color2 = MediumOrchid |label3 = [[Muslim]] |value3 = 5 |color3 = MediumSeaGreen |label4 = [[Rodnover]] |value4 = 1 |color4 = YellowGreen |label5 = Ither [[Eastren Orthodoxy|Orthodox]] |value5 = 1 |color5 = Violet |label6 = Spiritual but no releegious |value6 = 19 |color6 = Gray |label7 = [[Atheism|Atheist]] |value7 = 16 |color7 = DarkGray |label8 = Other or undeclared |value8 = 7.1 |color8 = Silver }} Accordin tae a 2012 offeecial survey<ref name="ArenaAtlas"/> 46.9% o the population o Stavropol Krai adheres tae the [[Roushie Orthodox Kirk]], 7% are unaffiliatit generic [[Christian]]s, 5% are [[Muslim]]s, 1% adheres tae ither [[Orthodox Kirk]]es, an 1% o the population adheres tae [[Rodnovery]]. In addeetion, 19% o the population deems itsel tae be "spiritual but no releegious", 16% is [[atheism|atheist]], an 7.1% follaes ither releegions or didna gie a answer tae the quaisten.<ref name="ArenaAtlas"/> ==Admeenistrative diveesions== {{Main|Admeenistrative diveesions o Stavropol Krai}} ==Agricultur== Irrigatit agricultur is weel developit in the region. As o the beginnin o 2001, Stavropol Krai haed 3,361&nbsp;km o [[irrigation canal]]s, o whilk 959&nbsp;km wur lined (i.e., haed concrete or stane waws, raither than merely soil waws, tae reduce the loss o watter).<ref name=water>[http://mpr.stavkray.ru/natres/water/info.htm Общая информация О водных ресурсах края] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203102044/http://mpr.stavkray.ru/natres/water/info.htm |date=2013-12-03 }} (General information about the water resources of the ''krai''), from the regional government site. {{ru icon}}</ref> Amang the major irrigation canals are:<ref name=water/> *[[Nevinnomyssk Canal]] (Невинномысский канал), the trunk o the [[Kuban River|Kuban]]-[[Yegorlyk River|Yegorlyk]] Irrigation Seestem. *The [[Great Stavropol Canal]] (Большой Ставропольский канал), transportin watter frae the [[Kuban River]] eastwaird athort the entire krai. *The [[Terek-Kuma Canal]] an [[Kuma-Manych Canal]], transportin watter frae the [[Terek River]] via the [[Kuma River (Russia)|Kuma River]] tae the [[Manych River|East Manych River]]. ==See an aw== *[[North Caucasus Krai]] *[[Fyodor Kulakov]], a umwhile Soviet govrenor o Stavropol Krai who wis Brezhnev's apparent heir. *Stavropol Krai is the birthplace o twa [[General Secretar o the Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union|General Secretars o the Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union]]: [[Yuri Andropov]] (1982–1984) an [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] (1985–1991). == Notes == {{Reflist}} == References == *{{RussiaBasicLawRef|sta}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commonscat|Stavropol Krai}} *[http://eng.russ-yug.ru/section/stavropol/ News an events o Stavropol Krai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930190014/http://eng.russ-yug.ru/section/stavropol/ |date=2007-09-30 }} *{{Ru icon}} [http://skforussia.ru/stavropol.php Stavropol Krai News Portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217001906/http://www.skforussia.ru/stavropol.php |date=2012-02-17 }} {{Subdiveesions o Roushie}} {{Kintras an regions in the Caucasus}} [[Category:Stavropol Krai| ]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1934]] [[Category:Auries o tradeetional spread o Ukrainians an Ukrainian leid]] q19kqayrx7nnj2jw9w556z6ze3444gz 921016 920964 2026-08-17T23:09:42Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Roushie federal subject |en_name= Stavropol Krai |ru_name= Ставропольский край |image_map= Stavropol in Russia.svg |coordinates = {{coord|45|03|N|43|16|E|type:adm1st_region:RU|display=inline,title}} |image_coa= Coat of arms of Stavropol Krai.svg |coa_caption= [[Coat o airms o Stavropol Krai]] |image_flag= Flag of Stavropol Krai.svg |flag_caption= [[Flag o Stavropol Krai]] |anthem= ''none'' |political_status= Krai |political_status_link= Krais o Roushie |federal_district= [[North Caucasian Federal Destrict|North Caucasian]] |economic_region= [[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]] |adm_ctr_type= Admeenistrative center |adm_ctr_name= [[Stavropol]] |pop_2010census= 2786281 |pop_2010census_rank= 14t |urban_pop_2010census= 57.2% |rural_pop_2010census= 42.8% |pop_2010census_ref= <ref name="2010Census" /> |area_km2= 66500 |area_km2_rank= 45t |established_date= 10 Januar 1934 |license_plates= 26 |ISO= RU-STA |gov_as_of= April 2009 |leader_title= [[Govrenor o Stavropol Krai|Govrenor]] |leader_title_ref= <ref name="HeadLegis">Charter, Article&nbsp;8</ref> |leader_name= [[Valery Gayevsky]] |leader_name_ref= <ref name="HeadName">Official website of the Governor of Stavropol Krai. [http://www.gubernator.stavkray.ru/?go=biography Biography of Valery Veniaminovich Gayevsky] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511123048/http://www.gubernator.stavkray.ru/?go=biography |date=2012-05-11 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |legislature= [[State Duma o Stavropol Krai|State Duma]] |legislature_ref= <ref name="HeadLegis" /> |website= http://www.stavkray.ru/ |date= August 2010 }} '''Stavropol Krai''' ({{lang-ru|Ставропо́льский край}}, ''Stavropolsky kray'') is a [[federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject]] o [[Roushie]] (a [[krai]]). Its [[admeenistrative center]] is the [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|ceety]] o [[Stavropol]]. Population: 2,786,281 ([[Roushie Census (2010)|2010 Census]]).<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> ==Geografie== Stavropol Krai encompasses the central pairt o the [[Fore-Caucasus]] an maist o the northren slopes o [[Caucasus Major]]. It borders on [[Rostov Oblast]], [[Krasnodar Krai]], the Republic o [[Kalmykie]], the Republic o [[Dagestan]], the [[Chechnie|Chechen Republic]], the Republic o [[North Ossetie-Alanie]], the [[Kabardino-Balkarie|Kabardino-Balkar Republic]], an the [[Karachay–Cherkessie|Karachay–Cherkess Republic]]. Stavropol is traversed bi the northeasterly lines o equal latitude an langitude. ==Demographics== ===Population=== Accordin tae the [[Roushie Census (2010)|2010 Census]], the population o the krai is 2,786,281;<ref name="2010Census" /> up frae 2,735,139 recordit in the [[Roushie Census (2002)|2002 Census]]<ref name="2002Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}</ref> an further up frae 2,410,379 recordit in the [[Soviet Census (1989)|1989 Census]].<ref name="1989Census">{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}}</ref> The population o the krai is concentratit in the [[Kuban River]] an the [[Kuma River (Roushie)|Kuma River]] drainage basin, whilk uised tae be tradeetional [[Cossack]] land (see ''[[History o Cossacks]]''). The [[Kuban Cossacks]] are nou generally conseidered tae be ethnic Roushies, even tho thay are still an important minority in thair awn richt in this aurie. Ither notable ethnic groups include the [[Armenies]] (''maistly Christian [[Hamsheni]]'') an [[Greeks]] wha haes been settlin here syne at least the 18t century. ===Ethnic groups=== The 2010 Census coontit thirty-three ethnic groups o mair nor 2,000&nbsp;bodies each, makkin this federal subject ane o the maist multiethnic in [[Roushie]]. The indwallers identifee'd thairsels as belangin mair nor 140 different ethnic groups, as shawn in the follaein table:<ref name="2010Census" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Population ! [[Ethnicity]] ! Percentage o total population |- | 2,232,153 | [[Roushies]] | 80.9% |- | 161,324 | [[Armenies]] | 5.9% |- | 30,373 | [[Ukrainians]] | 1.1% |- | 49,302 | [[Dargins]] | 1.8% |- | 33,573 | [[Greeks]] | 1.2% |- | 22,006 | [[Nogais]] | 0.8% |- | 30,879 | [[Roma (Romani subgroup)|Roma fowk]] | 1.1% |- | 15,598 | [[Karachay]] | 0.6% |- | 17,800 | [[Azerbaijanis]] | 0.6% |- | 15,048 | [[Turkmens]] | 0.5% |- | 11,980 | [[Chechens]] | 0.4% |- | 11,795 | [[Tatars]] | 0.4% |- | 7,988 | [[Osseties]] | 0.3% |- | 10,419 | [[Turkis fowk|Turks]] | 0.4% |- | 7,104 | [[Belaroushies]] | 0.3% |- | 6,759 | [[Koreans]] | 0.2% |- | 55,946 | Ithers | 2% |} *26,855 fowk wur registered frae admeenistrative databases, an coudnae declare a ethnicity. It is estimatit that the proportion o ethnicities in this group is the same as that o the declared group.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-12-03 |archive-date=2019-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107001951/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Vital Statistics for 2007''': {{Citation needed}} *Birth Rate: 11.22 per 1,000 *Daith Rate: 13.32 per 1,000 *Net Immigration: +3.5 per 1,000 *NGR: -0.21% per Year *PGR: +0.14% per Year ;Vital statistics for 2012 *Births: 34 768 (12.5 per 1000) *Daiths: 33 356 (12.0 per 1000) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2012/demo/edn12-12.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-12-03 |archive-date=2013-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301092826/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2012/demo/edn12-12.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> *'''Total growthiness rate:''' 2009 - 1.45 | 2010 - 1.44 | 2011 - 1.43 |<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-12-03 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224183858/http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2012 - 1.54(e) ===Releegion=== {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = Releegion in Stavropol Krai (2012)<ref name="ArenaAtlas">[http://sreda.org/arena Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia]. Sreda.org</ref><ref name="2012maps">[http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Survey Maps]. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. ''Retrieved 24-09-2012''.</ref> |label1 = [[Roushie Orthodox Kirk|Roushie Orthodox]] |value1 = 46.9 |color1 = DarkOrchid |label2 = Unaffiliatit [[Christian]] |value2 = 7 |color2 = MediumOrchid |label3 = [[Muslim]] |value3 = 5 |color3 = MediumSeaGreen |label4 = [[Rodnover]] |value4 = 1 |color4 = YellowGreen |label5 = Ither [[Eastren Orthodoxy|Orthodox]] |value5 = 1 |color5 = Violet |label6 = Spiritual but no releegious |value6 = 19 |color6 = Gray |label7 = [[Atheism|Atheist]] |value7 = 16 |color7 = DarkGray |label8 = Other or undeclared |value8 = 7.1 |color8 = Silver }} Accordin tae a 2012 offeecial survey<ref name="ArenaAtlas"/> 46.9% o the population o Stavropol Krai adheres tae the [[Roushie Orthodox Kirk]], 7% are unaffiliatit generic [[Christian]]s, 5% are [[Muslim]]s, 1% adheres tae ither [[Orthodox Kirk]]es, an 1% o the population adheres tae [[Rodnovery]]. In addeetion, 19% o the population deems itsel tae be "spiritual but no releegious", 16% is [[atheism|atheist]], an 7.1% follaes ither releegions or didna gie a answer tae the quaisten.<ref name="ArenaAtlas"/> ==Admeenistrative diveesions== {{Main|Admeenistrative diveesions o Stavropol Krai}} ==Agricultur== Irrigatit agricultur is weel developit in the region. As o the beginnin o 2001, Stavropol Krai haed 3,361&nbsp;km o [[irrigation canal]]s, o whilk 959&nbsp;km wur lined (i.e., haed concrete or stane waws, raither than merely soil waws, tae reduce the loss o watter).<ref name=water>[http://mpr.stavkray.ru/natres/water/info.htm Общая информация О водных ресурсах края] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203102044/http://mpr.stavkray.ru/natres/water/info.htm |date=2013-12-03 }} (General information about the water resources of the ''krai''), from the regional government site. {{ru icon}}</ref> Amang the major irrigation canals are:<ref name=water/> *[[Nevinnomyssk Canal]] (Невинномысский канал), the trunk o the [[Kuban River|Kuban]]-[[Yegorlyk River|Yegorlyk]] Irrigation Seestem. *The [[Great Stavropol Canal]] (Большой Ставропольский канал), transportin watter frae the [[Kuban River]] eastwaird athort the entire krai. *The [[Terek-Kuma Canal]] an [[Kuma-Manych Canal]], transportin watter frae the [[Terek River]] via the [[Kuma River (Russia)|Kuma River]] tae the [[Manych River|East Manych River]]. ==See an aw== *[[North Caucasus Krai]] *[[Fyodor Kulakov]], a umwhile Soviet govrenor o Stavropol Krai who wis Brezhnev's apparent heir. *Stavropol Krai is the birthplace o twa [[General Secretar o the Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union|General Secretars o the Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union]]: [[Yuri Andropov]] (1982–1984) an [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] (1985–1991). == Notes == {{Reflist}} == References == *{{RussiaBasicLawRef|sta}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commonscat|Stavropol Krai}} *[http://eng.russ-yug.ru/section/stavropol/ News an events o Stavropol Krai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930190014/http://eng.russ-yug.ru/section/stavropol/ |date=2007-09-30 }} *{{Ru icon}} [http://skforussia.ru/stavropol.php Stavropol Krai News Portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217001906/http://www.skforussia.ru/stavropol.php |date=2012-02-17 }} {{Subdiveesions o Roushie}} {{Kintras an regions in the Caucasus}} [[Category:Stavropol Krai| ]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1934]] [[Category:Auries o tradeetional spread o Ukrainians an Ukrainian leid]] b0dzhposx7k3cj03rlfqgwc0s17g3ty 0 33355 920977 850004 2026-08-17T18:41:53Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=December 2020}} {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Armavir <br /> Արմավիր |name_local = Արմավիր |pushpin_map = Armenia |mapsize = 150px |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Armenie}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Armenie|Marz]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Armavir Province|Armavir]] |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = established |established_date = 8t century BC |area_total_km2 = |area_footnotes = |population_as_of = 2009 |population_total =33600 |population_density_km2 = |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|40|09|00|N|44|02|24|E|region:AM|display=inline}} |elevation_m = |area_code = |website = [http://www.armavir.am// armavir.am] }} '''Armavir''' ({{lang-hy|Արմավիր}}) is a ceety locatit in wastren [[Armenie]]. The 1989 census reportit that the ceety haed a tot population o 46,900, but this haes declined considerably: the 2001 census coontit 32,034; estimate for 2008 is 26,387. It is the caipital o the [[Armavir Province]]. The ceety o [[Armavir, Roushie|Armavir]] in [[Roushie]], foondit bi [[Armenies]] in the 19t century, wis namit efter this ceety. The ceety wis kent as '''Hoktemberyan''', '''Hoktemberian''', or '''Oktemberyan''' {{lang-hy|Հոկտեմբերյան}} durin the [[Soviet]] era up tae 1992, an '''[[Battle o Sardarapat|Sardarabad]]''', '''Sardarapat''' or '''Sardar-Apad''' afore 1932. ==History== ===Antiquity=== Armavir wis inhabitit frae the 5t-6t millennium B.C. onwairds. Various obsidian instruments, bronze objects an pottery hae been foond frae that period. Armavir wis regardit as an auncient caipital o Armenie, said tae hae been foondit bi King Aramais in 1980 B.C. King [[Argishti I]] o [[Urartu]] biggit a fortress in the aurie an namit it [[Auncient Argishtikhinili|Argishtikhinili]].<ref>{{hy icon}} {{cite book | last = Hakobyan | first = Tadevos Kh. | title = Հայաստանի Պատմական Աշխարհագրություն (Historical Geography of Armenia) | publisher =Yerevan State University Press | location= Yerevan | year = 2007 | page=133}}</ref> In 331 B.C., when Armenie unner the [[Orontid Dynasty]] assertit its unthirldom frae the [[Achaemenid Empire]], Armavir wis chosen as the caipital o Armenie. Slabs o clay hae been foond frae the Achaemenid period written in the [[Elamite leid]] concernin episodes o the [[Gilgamesh]] epic. Various inscriptions in [[Hellenistic Greek]] carvit aroond the third century B.C., hae been foond, includin poetry frae [[Hesiod]], lines frae [[Euripides]], a leet o [[Auncient Macedonies|Macedonie]] months, an names o Orontid Kings. Accordin tae the Armenie historian [[Movses Khorenatsi]] (fift century A.D.), Armavir wis the first caipital o the kinrick o Armenie (awtho, frae a geografical staundpoint, the first caipital o Armenie wis [[Van, Turkey|Van]]).<ref>{{fr icon}} Tirac'yan, Georg. "[http://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=article&id=563262&journal_code=REA Armawir]." Translated from Armenian by Aida Tcharkhtchian and edited by Jean-Pierre Mahé. ''[[Revue des Études Arméniennes]]''. vol. 27, 1998-2000, p. 137.</ref> Movses haes preservit the tradeetion that whan King [[Valarsace]] the Parthian settled in Armavir (ca. 149 B.C.), he biggit a temple thare an askit his ryal coronant an ''aspet'' (knight) Shambu Bagarat ([[Bagratuni]], tae gie up his releegion an wirship idols.<ref>{{hy icon}} Movses Khorenatsi. ''History of Armenia, 5th Century'' (''Հայոց Պատմություն, Ե Դար''). Annotated translation and commentary by [[Stepan Malkhasyants]]. [[Gagik Sargsyan|Gagik Kh. Sargsyan]] (ed.) Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing, 1997, 2.8, pp. 128-129. ISBN 5-540-01192-9.</ref> But Shambu refused tae comply. Movses relates that when King [[Tigranes II]] (whom he places on the throne frae 90-36 B.C.) an aw, in order tae tak revenge on Queen [[Cleopatra VII|Cleopatra o Egyp]], sent an expedeetion tae Palestine, he carriet a great nummer o [[Jews]] intae captivity, an settled them in Armavir an in Vardges.<ref>Movses Khorenatsi. ''History of Armenia'', 2.16, p. 136. Note that modren historians are no convincit that Tigranes II wis still alive when Cleopatra became queen o Egyp.</ref> Movses goes on tae state that later Jews wur transferred frae Armavir tae [[Yervandashat]]; an unner King [[Artashes I]], wur again transferred intae the new caipital [[Artashat]].<ref>Movses Khorenatsi. ''History of Armenia'', 2.49, p. 164.</ref> When King [[Sapor II]] o [[Persie]] invadit Armenie (360-370 A.D.), he led awa frae Artashat 30,000 Armenie an 9,000 Jewish faimilies, the latter brocht bi King Tigranes frae Palestine, an then completely destroyed the ceety.<ref>[[Jewish Encyclopedia]], vol. 1, pp. 116-17.</ref> Durin Antiquity, Armavir wis taken bi the [[Seleucids]], [[Parthians]], [[Roman Empire]], [[Sassanids]] an [[Byzantine Empire]] afore it wis taken ower bi the Arabs in 645. ===Medieval Armavir=== Arabic sovereignty lastit till the first quairter o the nint century. The [[Sajids]] managit this region in the 9t century. Efter that, the Georgie [[Bagrationi dynasty]] managit this region. The Byzantine Empire reconquered this region in 1045 but this region passed tae [[Seljuk Turks]] in 1064, who renamit the ceety Sardarabad. This region wis passed amang [[Georgies]] an [[Armenies]], [[Eldiguzids]] an [[Khwarezmid Empire]] efter Seljuk's decline. [[Mongols]] captured this region in 1239 an foondit [[Ilkhanid]] state in 1256. This region wis passed tae [[Chupanids]] in 1353, [[Jalayirids]] in 1357 an [[Kara Koyunlu]] in 1388. [[Timur|Tamerlane]] captured this region in 1400. [[Qara Yusuf]] reteuk this region in 1407 frae [[Timurid Empire]]. Housomeivver [[Shah Rukh]] who wis Timurid ruler captured this region in 1421 an in 1429. [[Jahan Shah]] who wis Kara Koyunlu ruler captured it in 1447. ===Ottoman-Persie rule=== Kara Koyunlu's sovereignty lastit till [[Uzun Hasan]], ruler o [[Ak Koyunlu]], conquered it in 1468. Ak Koyunlu's sovereignty lastit till 1501, [[Ismail I]]'s conquest. Ismail I wis the foonder o [[Safavid dynasty]]. This region wis temporarily occupee'd bi [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1514, in 1534, in 1548 an in 1553. It wis then conquered bi Ottoman Empire in 1585 but retaken bi [[Abbas I o Persie]] who wis Safavid ruler in 1603. It wis occupee'd bi Ottomans atween 1635–1636 an 1724–1736. At the faw o the Safavid Empire, Armavir became pairt o the [[Erivan Khanate]]. ===Roushie rule=== The [[Rousho-Persie War (1826-1828)]] began due tae Persian demand tae reconquer the territories lost tae Roushie atween 1804 an 1813. At first, the Persies repulsed the Roushies frae the [[Sooth Caucasus]] in 1826. Housomeivver, Roushie general an commander o the Roushie airmy, [[Ivan Paskevich]], reconquered Sooth Caucasus an extendit its territories tae include the Erivan Khanate in 1827. This region formally passed frae [[Qajar dynasty|Persie]] tae [[Roushie Empire|Roushie]] sovereignty efter the [[Treaty o Turkmenchay]] in 1828. Armavir became the Sardarabad [[uyezd]] o the [[Armenie Oblast]], which itsel became the [[Erivan Govrenorate]] in 1840. This situation lastit til the [[Februar Revolution]] in 1917. ===1917 revolutions an Armenie-Ottoman War=== Efter the Februar Revolution, the region wis unner the authority o Special Transcaucasie Committee o the [[Roushie Proveesional Govrenment]] an subsequently the short-livit [[Transcaucasie Democratic Federative Republic]]. When the TDFR wis dissolved in May 1918, this region passed tae [[Democratic Republic o Armenie]], haein a conspicuous role in Armenie history due tae [[Battle o Sardarapat]]. Thare, the Armenie forces stavit aff extermination an repulsed the [[Ottoman Airmy]] whose [[Caucasus Campaign|campaign in the Caucasus]] wis aimit at occupyin [[Yerevan]]. Housomeivver, the Ottomans did occupee maist o the Erivan Govrenorate, forcin the Armenies tae sign the [[Treaty o Batum]] in Juin 1918. The Ottoman Airmy retreatit efter signin [[Airmistice o Mudros]] at the end o 1918 an sae Sardarapat returned tae Democratic Republic o Armenie in November 1918. ===Soviet Armavir=== [[File:Railroad station in Armavir (Armavir, Armenia).JPG|thumb|Armavir railweay station]] The [[Soviet Union]]'s [[11t Red Airmy]] invadit the republic on 29 November 1920. The Soviets teuk Yerevan 4 Dizember 1920 efter the signin o [[Treaty o Alexandropol]]. This treaty wis replacit bi [[Treaty o Kars]]. The Soviets proclaimit Armenie a Soviet Socialist Republic unner the leadership o [[Aleksandr Myasnikyan]]. It wis tae be includit intae the newly creatit [[Transcaucasie Soviet Federated Socialist Republic]] in 1922. The modren ceety o Armavir wis foondit bi the Soviet govrenment on 26 Julie 1931 an cried Sardarapat. In 1935, the name o the ceety wis chyngit frae [[Sardarapat]] tae Hoktemberyan (forby kent as Oktemberyan). Twa years efter Armenie declared unthirldom frae the USSR, in 1992, the name o the ceety wis revertit back tae Armavir. ==Sports== [[FC Armavir]] wis the fitbaa club who represented the ceety durin the Soviet years. It wis foondit in 1965 as '''FC Sevan Hoktemberian Armavir'''. Efter the collapse o the [[Soviet Union]], FC Armavir pairticipatit in the Armenie Leagues mainly throughoot the 1990s. Syne 2003, the club haes no been playin professional fitbaa an is currently inactive. The club uised tae play its matches in the "Hobelyanakan Stadium o Armavir" (Jubilee Stadium) wi a capacity o 10,000 spectators. Nouadays, the stadium serves the youth teams o Armavir fitbaa schuil. The ceety haes a chess-trainin schuil as well, for the childer. ==Twin ceeties== *{{flagicon|Syria}} [[Deir ez-Zor]], [[Sirie]] syne October 2010.<ref>Al-Baath news [http://www.albaath.news.sy/user/?id=960&a=85844 (in Arabic)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903154142/http://www.albaath.news.sy/user/?id=960&a=85844 |date=2011-09-03 }}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist|2}} ==Further readin== *{{fr icon}} Tirac'yan, Georg. "[http://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=article&id=563262&journal_code=REA Armawir]." Translated frae Armenian bi Aida Tcharkhtchian an edited bi Jean-Pierre Mahé. ''[[Revue des Études Arméniennes]]''. vol. 27, 1998–2000, pp.&nbsp;135–300. ==Freemit airtins== *{{GEOnet2|32FA881E6F783774E0440003BA962ED3}} *{{ArmenianCensus|130}} *[http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-17&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=x World Gazeteer: Armenia]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} &ndash; Warld-Gazetteer.com *{{RediscoveringArmenia|37}} {{Armavir}} {{Historic caipitals o Armenie}} {{Urartian ceeties}} [[Category:Populatit places in Armavir Province]] [[Category:Umwhile caipitals o Armenie]] [[Category:Urartian ceeties]] b3odpyg9ftbx93mud6o6jpgu0efmbln 921006 920977 2026-08-17T22:58:55Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=December 2020}} {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Armavir <br /> Արմավիր |name_local = Արմավիր |pushpin_map = Armenia |mapsize = 150px |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Armenie}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Armenie|Marz]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Armavir Province|Armavir]] |established_title = established |established_date = 8t century BC |population_as_of = 2009 |population_total = 33600 |coordinates = {{coord|40|09|00|N|44|02|24|E|region:AM|display=inline}} |website = [http://www.armavir.am// armavir.am] }} '''Armavir''' ({{lang-hy|Արմավիր}}) is a ceety locatit in wastren [[Armenie]]. The 1989 census reportit that the ceety haed a tot population o 46,900, but this haes declined considerably: the 2001 census coontit 32,034; estimate for 2008 is 26,387. It is the caipital o the [[Armavir Province]]. The ceety o [[Armavir, Roushie|Armavir]] in [[Roushie]], foondit bi [[Armenies]] in the 19t century, wis namit efter this ceety. The ceety wis kent as '''Hoktemberyan''', '''Hoktemberian''', or '''Oktemberyan''' {{lang-hy|Հոկտեմբերյան}} durin the [[Soviet]] era up tae 1992, an '''[[Battle o Sardarapat|Sardarabad]]''', '''Sardarapat''' or '''Sardar-Apad''' afore 1932. ==History== ===Antiquity=== Armavir wis inhabitit frae the 5t-6t millennium B.C. onwairds. Various obsidian instruments, bronze objects an pottery hae been foond frae that period. Armavir wis regardit as an auncient caipital o Armenie, said tae hae been foondit bi King Aramais in 1980 B.C. King [[Argishti I]] o [[Urartu]] biggit a fortress in the aurie an namit it [[Auncient Argishtikhinili|Argishtikhinili]].<ref>{{hy icon}} {{cite book | last = Hakobyan | first = Tadevos Kh. | title = Հայաստանի Պատմական Աշխարհագրություն (Historical Geography of Armenia) | publisher =Yerevan State University Press | location= Yerevan | year = 2007 | page=133}}</ref> In 331 B.C., when Armenie unner the [[Orontid Dynasty]] assertit its unthirldom frae the [[Achaemenid Empire]], Armavir wis chosen as the caipital o Armenie. Slabs o clay hae been foond frae the Achaemenid period written in the [[Elamite leid]] concernin episodes o the [[Gilgamesh]] epic. Various inscriptions in [[Hellenistic Greek]] carvit aroond the third century B.C., hae been foond, includin poetry frae [[Hesiod]], lines frae [[Euripides]], a leet o [[Auncient Macedonies|Macedonie]] months, an names o Orontid Kings. Accordin tae the Armenie historian [[Movses Khorenatsi]] (fift century A.D.), Armavir wis the first caipital o the kinrick o Armenie (awtho, frae a geografical staundpoint, the first caipital o Armenie wis [[Van, Turkey|Van]]).<ref>{{fr icon}} Tirac'yan, Georg. "[http://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=article&id=563262&journal_code=REA Armawir]." Translated from Armenian by Aida Tcharkhtchian and edited by Jean-Pierre Mahé. ''[[Revue des Études Arméniennes]]''. vol. 27, 1998-2000, p. 137.</ref> Movses haes preservit the tradeetion that whan King [[Valarsace]] the Parthian settled in Armavir (ca. 149 B.C.), he biggit a temple thare an askit his ryal coronant an ''aspet'' (knight) Shambu Bagarat ([[Bagratuni]], tae gie up his releegion an wirship idols.<ref>{{hy icon}} Movses Khorenatsi. ''History of Armenia, 5th Century'' (''Հայոց Պատմություն, Ե Դար''). Annotated translation and commentary by [[Stepan Malkhasyants]]. [[Gagik Sargsyan|Gagik Kh. Sargsyan]] (ed.) Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing, 1997, 2.8, pp. 128-129. ISBN 5-540-01192-9.</ref> But Shambu refused tae comply. Movses relates that when King [[Tigranes II]] (whom he places on the throne frae 90-36 B.C.) an aw, in order tae tak revenge on Queen [[Cleopatra VII|Cleopatra o Egyp]], sent an expedeetion tae Palestine, he carriet a great nummer o [[Jews]] intae captivity, an settled them in Armavir an in Vardges.<ref>Movses Khorenatsi. ''History of Armenia'', 2.16, p. 136. Note that modren historians are no convincit that Tigranes II wis still alive when Cleopatra became queen o Egyp.</ref> Movses goes on tae state that later Jews wur transferred frae Armavir tae [[Yervandashat]]; an unner King [[Artashes I]], wur again transferred intae the new caipital [[Artashat]].<ref>Movses Khorenatsi. ''History of Armenia'', 2.49, p. 164.</ref> When King [[Sapor II]] o [[Persie]] invadit Armenie (360-370 A.D.), he led awa frae Artashat 30,000 Armenie an 9,000 Jewish faimilies, the latter brocht bi King Tigranes frae Palestine, an then completely destroyed the ceety.<ref>[[Jewish Encyclopedia]], vol. 1, pp. 116-17.</ref> Durin Antiquity, Armavir wis taken bi the [[Seleucids]], [[Parthians]], [[Roman Empire]], [[Sassanids]] an [[Byzantine Empire]] afore it wis taken ower bi the Arabs in 645. ===Medieval Armavir=== Arabic sovereignty lastit till the first quairter o the nint century. The [[Sajids]] managit this region in the 9t century. Efter that, the Georgie [[Bagrationi dynasty]] managit this region. The Byzantine Empire reconquered this region in 1045 but this region passed tae [[Seljuk Turks]] in 1064, who renamit the ceety Sardarabad. This region wis passed amang [[Georgies]] an [[Armenies]], [[Eldiguzids]] an [[Khwarezmid Empire]] efter Seljuk's decline. [[Mongols]] captured this region in 1239 an foondit [[Ilkhanid]] state in 1256. This region wis passed tae [[Chupanids]] in 1353, [[Jalayirids]] in 1357 an [[Kara Koyunlu]] in 1388. [[Timur|Tamerlane]] captured this region in 1400. [[Qara Yusuf]] reteuk this region in 1407 frae [[Timurid Empire]]. Housomeivver [[Shah Rukh]] who wis Timurid ruler captured this region in 1421 an in 1429. [[Jahan Shah]] who wis Kara Koyunlu ruler captured it in 1447. ===Ottoman-Persie rule=== Kara Koyunlu's sovereignty lastit till [[Uzun Hasan]], ruler o [[Ak Koyunlu]], conquered it in 1468. Ak Koyunlu's sovereignty lastit till 1501, [[Ismail I]]'s conquest. Ismail I wis the foonder o [[Safavid dynasty]]. This region wis temporarily occupee'd bi [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1514, in 1534, in 1548 an in 1553. It wis then conquered bi Ottoman Empire in 1585 but retaken bi [[Abbas I o Persie]] who wis Safavid ruler in 1603. It wis occupee'd bi Ottomans atween 1635–1636 an 1724–1736. At the faw o the Safavid Empire, Armavir became pairt o the [[Erivan Khanate]]. ===Roushie rule=== The [[Rousho-Persie War (1826-1828)]] began due tae Persian demand tae reconquer the territories lost tae Roushie atween 1804 an 1813. At first, the Persies repulsed the Roushies frae the [[Sooth Caucasus]] in 1826. Housomeivver, Roushie general an commander o the Roushie airmy, [[Ivan Paskevich]], reconquered Sooth Caucasus an extendit its territories tae include the Erivan Khanate in 1827. This region formally passed frae [[Qajar dynasty|Persie]] tae [[Roushie Empire|Roushie]] sovereignty efter the [[Treaty o Turkmenchay]] in 1828. Armavir became the Sardarabad [[uyezd]] o the [[Armenie Oblast]], which itsel became the [[Erivan Govrenorate]] in 1840. This situation lastit til the [[Februar Revolution]] in 1917. ===1917 revolutions an Armenie-Ottoman War=== Efter the Februar Revolution, the region wis unner the authority o Special Transcaucasie Committee o the [[Roushie Proveesional Govrenment]] an subsequently the short-livit [[Transcaucasie Democratic Federative Republic]]. When the TDFR wis dissolved in May 1918, this region passed tae [[Democratic Republic o Armenie]], haein a conspicuous role in Armenie history due tae [[Battle o Sardarapat]]. Thare, the Armenie forces stavit aff extermination an repulsed the [[Ottoman Airmy]] whose [[Caucasus Campaign|campaign in the Caucasus]] wis aimit at occupyin [[Yerevan]]. Housomeivver, the Ottomans did occupee maist o the Erivan Govrenorate, forcin the Armenies tae sign the [[Treaty o Batum]] in Juin 1918. The Ottoman Airmy retreatit efter signin [[Airmistice o Mudros]] at the end o 1918 an sae Sardarapat returned tae Democratic Republic o Armenie in November 1918. ===Soviet Armavir=== [[File:Railroad station in Armavir (Armavir, Armenia).JPG|thumb|Armavir railweay station]] The [[Soviet Union]]'s [[11t Red Airmy]] invadit the republic on 29 November 1920. The Soviets teuk Yerevan 4 Dizember 1920 efter the signin o [[Treaty o Alexandropol]]. This treaty wis replacit bi [[Treaty o Kars]]. The Soviets proclaimit Armenie a Soviet Socialist Republic unner the leadership o [[Aleksandr Myasnikyan]]. It wis tae be includit intae the newly creatit [[Transcaucasie Soviet Federated Socialist Republic]] in 1922. The modren ceety o Armavir wis foondit bi the Soviet govrenment on 26 Julie 1931 an cried Sardarapat. In 1935, the name o the ceety wis chyngit frae [[Sardarapat]] tae Hoktemberyan (forby kent as Oktemberyan). Twa years efter Armenie declared unthirldom frae the USSR, in 1992, the name o the ceety wis revertit back tae Armavir. ==Sports== [[FC Armavir]] wis the fitbaa club who represented the ceety durin the Soviet years. It wis foondit in 1965 as '''FC Sevan Hoktemberian Armavir'''. Efter the collapse o the [[Soviet Union]], FC Armavir pairticipatit in the Armenie Leagues mainly throughoot the 1990s. Syne 2003, the club haes no been playin professional fitbaa an is currently inactive. The club uised tae play its matches in the "Hobelyanakan Stadium o Armavir" (Jubilee Stadium) wi a capacity o 10,000 spectators. Nouadays, the stadium serves the youth teams o Armavir fitbaa schuil. The ceety haes a chess-trainin schuil as well, for the childer. ==Twin ceeties== *{{flagicon|Syria}} [[Deir ez-Zor]], [[Sirie]] syne October 2010.<ref>Al-Baath news [http://www.albaath.news.sy/user/?id=960&a=85844 (in Arabic)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903154142/http://www.albaath.news.sy/user/?id=960&a=85844 |date=2011-09-03 }}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist|2}} ==Further readin== *{{fr icon}} Tirac'yan, Georg. "[http://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=article&id=563262&journal_code=REA Armawir]." Translated frae Armenian bi Aida Tcharkhtchian an edited bi Jean-Pierre Mahé. ''[[Revue des Études Arméniennes]]''. vol. 27, 1998–2000, pp.&nbsp;135–300. ==Freemit airtins== *{{GEOnet2|32FA881E6F783774E0440003BA962ED3}} *{{ArmenianCensus|130}} *[http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-17&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=x World Gazeteer: Armenia]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} &ndash; Warld-Gazetteer.com *{{RediscoveringArmenia|37}} {{Armavir}} {{Historic caipitals o Armenie}} {{Urartian ceeties}} [[Category:Populatit places in Armavir Province]] [[Category:Umwhile caipitals o Armenie]] [[Category:Urartian ceeties]] 2myyvbjcc13pwl8493n1r3ntahf212l 0 33742 920952 920011 2026-08-17T18:27:17Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisic genre |name=Rock muisic |color=white |bgcolor=crimson |stylistic_origins=[[Rock an roll]], [[electric blues]], [[jazz]], [[fowk muisic]], [[kintra muusic|kintra]], [[blues]], [[rhythm an blues]], [[soul muisic]] |cultural_origins=1950s an 1960s, [[Unitit Kinrick]] an [[Unitit States]] |instruments=[[Vocals]], [[electric guitar]], [[bass guitar]], [[acoustic guitar]], [[Drum kit|drums]], [[synthesizer]], [[Keybuird instrument|keyboards]] |popularity= Extremely heich warldwide, syne 1960s |derivatives=[[New Age muisic]]&nbsp;– [[Synthpop]] |subgenrelist=Leet o rock genres |subgenres= [[Alternative rock]]&nbsp;– [[Art rock]]&nbsp;– [[Baroque pop]]&nbsp;– [[Beat muisic]]&nbsp;– [[Britpop]]&nbsp;– [[Emo]]&nbsp;– [[Experimental rock]]&nbsp;– [[Garage rock]]&nbsp;– [[Glam rock]]&nbsp;– [[Grindcore]]&nbsp;– [[Group Sounds]]&nbsp;– [[Grunge]]&nbsp;– [[Hard rock]]&nbsp;– [[Heartland rock]]&nbsp;– [[Hivy metal]]&nbsp;– [[Instrumental rock]]&nbsp;– [[Indie rock]]&nbsp;– [[Jangle pop]]&nbsp;– [[Krautrock]]&nbsp;– [[Madchester]]&nbsp;– [[Post-Britpop]]&nbsp;– [[Pouer pop]]&nbsp;– [[Progressive rock]]&nbsp;– [[Protopunk]]&nbsp;– [[Psychedelic rock|Psychedelia]]&nbsp;– [[Punk rock]]&nbsp;– [[Rock noir]]&nbsp;– [[Soft rock]]&nbsp;– [[Southern rock]]&nbsp;– [[Surf muisic|Surf]]&nbsp;– [[Symphonic rock]] |fusiongenres= [[Aboriginal rock]]&nbsp;– [[Afro-rock]]&nbsp;– [[Anatolie rock]]&nbsp;– [[Bhangra (muisic)|Bhangra rock]]&nbsp;– [[Blues rock]]&nbsp;– [[Kintra rock]]&nbsp;– [[Flamenco-rock]]&nbsp;– [[Fowk rock]]&nbsp;– [[Funk rock]]&nbsp;– [[Glam punk]]&nbsp;– [[Indo-rock]]&nbsp;– [[Industrial rock]]&nbsp;– [[Jazz fusion]]&nbsp;– [[Pop rock]]&nbsp;– [[Punta rock]]&nbsp;– [[Raga rock]]&nbsp;– [[Raï rock]]&nbsp;– [[Rap rock]]&nbsp;– [[Rockabilly]]&nbsp;– [[Rockoson]]&nbsp;– [[Samba-rock]]&nbsp;– [[Space rock]]&nbsp;– [[Stoner rock]]&nbsp;– [[Sufi rock]] |regional_scenes= [[Argentine rock|Argentinae]]&nbsp;– [[Armenie rock|Armenie]]&nbsp;– [[Aussie rock|Australie]]&nbsp;– [[Belaroushie rock|Belaroushie]]&nbsp;– [[Belgian rock|Belgium]]&nbsp;– [[Bosnie rock|Bosnie an Herzegovina]]&nbsp;– [[Brazilian rock|Brazil]]&nbsp;– [[Canadian rock|Canadae]]&nbsp;– [[Chilean rock|Chile]]&nbsp;– [[Cheenese rock|Cheenae]]&nbsp;– [[Colombie rock|Colombie]]&nbsp;– [[Cuban rock|Cuba]]&nbsp;– [[Croatie rock|Croatie]]&nbsp;– [[Dens rock|Denmark]]&nbsp;– [[Dominican rock|Dominican Republic]]&nbsp;– [[Ecuadorian rock|Ecuador]]&nbsp;– [[Estonie rock|Estonie]]&nbsp;– [[Finnish rock|Finland]]&nbsp;– [[French rock|France]]&nbsp;– [[Greek rock|Greece]]&nbsp;– [[German rock|Germany]]&nbsp;– [[Hungarian rock|Hungary]]&nbsp;– [[Icelandic rock|Iceland]]&nbsp;– [[Indie rock|Indie]]&nbsp;– [[Indonesian rock|Indonesia]]&nbsp;– [[Irish rock|Ireland]]&nbsp;– [[Israeli rock|Israel]]&nbsp;– [[Italian rock|Italy]]&nbsp;– Japan &nbsp;– [[Rock en español|Spainyie-speakin warld]]&nbsp;– [[Latvie rock|Latvie]]&nbsp;– [[Lithuanie rock|Lithuanie]]&nbsp;– [[Malaysie rock|Malaysie]]&nbsp;– [[Mexican rock|Mexico]]&nbsp;– [[Nepali rock|Nepal]]&nbsp;– [[Kiwi rock|New Zealand]]&nbsp;– [[Norse rock|Norawa]]&nbsp;– [[Pakistani rock|Pakistan]]&nbsp;– [[Peruvian rock|Peru]]&nbsp;– [[Pinoy rock|Philippines]]&nbsp;– [[Pols rock|Poland]]&nbsp;– [[Portuguese rock|Portugal]]&nbsp;– [[Roushie rock|Roushie]]&nbsp;– [[Serbie rock|Serbie]]&nbsp;– [[Slovenie rock|Slovenie]]&nbsp;– [[Spinyie rock|Spain]]&nbsp;– [[Swadish rock|Swaden]]&nbsp;– [[Swiss rock|Swisserland]]&nbsp;– [[Tatar rock|Tatar]]&nbsp;– [[Thai rock|Thailand]]&nbsp;– [[Turkis rock|Turkey]]&nbsp;– [[Ukrainian rock|Ukraine]]&nbsp;– [[Breetish rock|Unitit Kinrick]]&nbsp;– [[American rock|Unitit States]]&nbsp;– [[Uruguayan rock|Uruguay]]&nbsp;– [[SFR Yugoslav Pop an Rock scene|SFR Yugoslavie]]&nbsp;– [[Zam-rock|Zambie]] |other_topics=[[Backbeat (muisic)|Backbeat]]&nbsp;– [[Rock opera]]&nbsp;– [[Rock band]]&nbsp;– Hall of Fame&nbsp;– Social impact &nbsp;– Leet o rock muisic terms}} '''Rock muisic''' is a genre o popular [[muisic]] that developit durin an efter the 1960s, pairticularly in the Unitit Kinrick an the Unitit States. It haes its ruits in 1940s an 1950s rock an roll, itsel hivily influencit bi rhythm an blues an kintra muisic.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: the meaning of style|url=https://archive.org/details/liang.subculturemeanin0001hebd|date=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-03949-9|series=New accents|location=London New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/liang.subculturemeanin0001hebd/page/49 49]}}</ref> Rock muisic drew strangly on a nummer o ither genres sic as [[blues]] an fowk, an incorporatit influences frae [[jazz]], [[classical muisic|classical]] an ither muisical soorces an aw.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: the meaning of style|url=https://archive.org/details/liang.subculturemeanin0001hebd|date=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-03949-9|series=New accents|location=London New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/liang.subculturemeanin0001hebd/page/46 46]-61}}</ref> Muisically, rock haes centred aroond the electric [[guitar]], uisually as pairt o a rock group wi [[bass guitar]] an drums. teepically, rock is sang-based muisic uisually wi a 4/4 time signatur utilizin a verse-chorus form, but the genre haes acome extremely diverse an common muisical characteristics are difficult tae define.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Cambridge companion to pop and rock|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00frit|date=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-55660-6|editor-last=Frith|editor-first=Simon|edition=Repr|series=Cambridge companions to music|location=Cambridge|pages=109-142|chapter=Reconsidering Rock, Keir Keightley}}</ref> Lik [[pop muisic]], leerics aften stress romantic luve but address a wide variety o ither themes that are frequently social or poleetical in emphasis an aw. The dominance o rock bi white, male muisickers haes been seen as ane o the key factors shapin the themes splorit in rock muisic. Rock places a heicher degree o emphasis on musicianship, live performance, an an ideology o authenticity than pop muisic. == References == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{Commonscat|Rock music|Rock muisic}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rock Muisic}} [[Category:Rock muisic| ]] [[Category:Rock muisic genres| ]] [[Category:African-American muisic]] [[Category:American styles o muisic]] [[Category:20t-century muisic genres]] [[Category:21st-century muisic genres]] 5ditsmn3yzapmctfy2p4k7rwqfzvnyd 920953 920952 2026-08-17T18:27:28Z Lirazelf 27464 removed [[Category:21st-century muisic genres]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 920953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisic genre |name=Rock muisic |color=white |bgcolor=crimson |stylistic_origins=[[Rock an roll]], [[electric blues]], [[jazz]], [[fowk muisic]], [[kintra muusic|kintra]], [[blues]], [[rhythm an blues]], [[soul muisic]] |cultural_origins=1950s an 1960s, [[Unitit Kinrick]] an [[Unitit States]] |instruments=[[Vocals]], [[electric guitar]], [[bass guitar]], [[acoustic guitar]], [[Drum kit|drums]], [[synthesizer]], [[Keybuird instrument|keyboards]] |popularity= Extremely heich warldwide, syne 1960s |derivatives=[[New Age muisic]]&nbsp;– [[Synthpop]] |subgenrelist=Leet o rock genres |subgenres= [[Alternative rock]]&nbsp;– [[Art rock]]&nbsp;– [[Baroque pop]]&nbsp;– [[Beat muisic]]&nbsp;– [[Britpop]]&nbsp;– [[Emo]]&nbsp;– [[Experimental rock]]&nbsp;– [[Garage rock]]&nbsp;– [[Glam rock]]&nbsp;– [[Grindcore]]&nbsp;– [[Group Sounds]]&nbsp;– [[Grunge]]&nbsp;– [[Hard rock]]&nbsp;– [[Heartland rock]]&nbsp;– [[Hivy metal]]&nbsp;– [[Instrumental rock]]&nbsp;– [[Indie rock]]&nbsp;– [[Jangle pop]]&nbsp;– [[Krautrock]]&nbsp;– [[Madchester]]&nbsp;– [[Post-Britpop]]&nbsp;– [[Pouer pop]]&nbsp;– [[Progressive rock]]&nbsp;– [[Protopunk]]&nbsp;– [[Psychedelic rock|Psychedelia]]&nbsp;– [[Punk rock]]&nbsp;– [[Rock noir]]&nbsp;– [[Soft rock]]&nbsp;– [[Southern rock]]&nbsp;– [[Surf muisic|Surf]]&nbsp;– [[Symphonic rock]] |fusiongenres= [[Aboriginal rock]]&nbsp;– [[Afro-rock]]&nbsp;– [[Anatolie rock]]&nbsp;– [[Bhangra (muisic)|Bhangra rock]]&nbsp;– [[Blues rock]]&nbsp;– [[Kintra rock]]&nbsp;– [[Flamenco-rock]]&nbsp;– [[Fowk rock]]&nbsp;– [[Funk rock]]&nbsp;– [[Glam punk]]&nbsp;– [[Indo-rock]]&nbsp;– [[Industrial rock]]&nbsp;– [[Jazz fusion]]&nbsp;– [[Pop rock]]&nbsp;– [[Punta rock]]&nbsp;– [[Raga rock]]&nbsp;– [[Raï rock]]&nbsp;– [[Rap rock]]&nbsp;– [[Rockabilly]]&nbsp;– [[Rockoson]]&nbsp;– [[Samba-rock]]&nbsp;– [[Space rock]]&nbsp;– [[Stoner rock]]&nbsp;– [[Sufi rock]] |regional_scenes= [[Argentine rock|Argentinae]]&nbsp;– [[Armenie rock|Armenie]]&nbsp;– [[Aussie rock|Australie]]&nbsp;– [[Belaroushie rock|Belaroushie]]&nbsp;– [[Belgian rock|Belgium]]&nbsp;– [[Bosnie rock|Bosnie an Herzegovina]]&nbsp;– [[Brazilian rock|Brazil]]&nbsp;– [[Canadian rock|Canadae]]&nbsp;– [[Chilean rock|Chile]]&nbsp;– [[Cheenese rock|Cheenae]]&nbsp;– [[Colombie rock|Colombie]]&nbsp;– [[Cuban rock|Cuba]]&nbsp;– [[Croatie rock|Croatie]]&nbsp;– [[Dens rock|Denmark]]&nbsp;– [[Dominican rock|Dominican Republic]]&nbsp;– [[Ecuadorian rock|Ecuador]]&nbsp;– [[Estonie rock|Estonie]]&nbsp;– [[Finnish rock|Finland]]&nbsp;– [[French rock|France]]&nbsp;– [[Greek rock|Greece]]&nbsp;– [[German rock|Germany]]&nbsp;– [[Hungarian rock|Hungary]]&nbsp;– [[Icelandic rock|Iceland]]&nbsp;– [[Indie rock|Indie]]&nbsp;– [[Indonesian rock|Indonesia]]&nbsp;– [[Irish rock|Ireland]]&nbsp;– [[Israeli rock|Israel]]&nbsp;– [[Italian rock|Italy]]&nbsp;– Japan &nbsp;– [[Rock en español|Spainyie-speakin warld]]&nbsp;– [[Latvie rock|Latvie]]&nbsp;– [[Lithuanie rock|Lithuanie]]&nbsp;– [[Malaysie rock|Malaysie]]&nbsp;– [[Mexican rock|Mexico]]&nbsp;– [[Nepali rock|Nepal]]&nbsp;– [[Kiwi rock|New Zealand]]&nbsp;– [[Norse rock|Norawa]]&nbsp;– [[Pakistani rock|Pakistan]]&nbsp;– [[Peruvian rock|Peru]]&nbsp;– [[Pinoy rock|Philippines]]&nbsp;– [[Pols rock|Poland]]&nbsp;– [[Portuguese rock|Portugal]]&nbsp;– [[Roushie rock|Roushie]]&nbsp;– [[Serbie rock|Serbie]]&nbsp;– [[Slovenie rock|Slovenie]]&nbsp;– [[Spinyie rock|Spain]]&nbsp;– [[Swadish rock|Swaden]]&nbsp;– [[Swiss rock|Swisserland]]&nbsp;– [[Tatar rock|Tatar]]&nbsp;– [[Thai rock|Thailand]]&nbsp;– [[Turkis rock|Turkey]]&nbsp;– [[Ukrainian rock|Ukraine]]&nbsp;– [[Breetish rock|Unitit Kinrick]]&nbsp;– [[American rock|Unitit States]]&nbsp;– [[Uruguayan rock|Uruguay]]&nbsp;– [[SFR Yugoslav Pop an Rock scene|SFR Yugoslavie]]&nbsp;– [[Zam-rock|Zambie]] |other_topics=[[Backbeat (muisic)|Backbeat]]&nbsp;– [[Rock opera]]&nbsp;– [[Rock band]]&nbsp;– Hall of Fame&nbsp;– Social impact &nbsp;– Leet o rock muisic terms}} '''Rock muisic''' is a genre o popular [[muisic]] that developit durin an efter the 1960s, pairticularly in the Unitit Kinrick an the Unitit States. It haes its ruits in 1940s an 1950s rock an roll, itsel hivily influencit bi rhythm an blues an kintra muisic.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: the meaning of style|url=https://archive.org/details/liang.subculturemeanin0001hebd|date=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-03949-9|series=New accents|location=London New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/liang.subculturemeanin0001hebd/page/49 49]}}</ref> Rock muisic drew strangly on a nummer o ither genres sic as [[blues]] an fowk, an incorporatit influences frae [[jazz]], [[classical muisic|classical]] an ither muisical soorces an aw.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hebdige|first=Dick|title=Subculture: the meaning of style|url=https://archive.org/details/liang.subculturemeanin0001hebd|date=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-03949-9|series=New accents|location=London New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/liang.subculturemeanin0001hebd/page/46 46]-61}}</ref> Muisically, rock haes centred aroond the electric [[guitar]], uisually as pairt o a rock group wi [[bass guitar]] an drums. teepically, rock is sang-based muisic uisually wi a 4/4 time signatur utilizin a verse-chorus form, but the genre haes acome extremely diverse an common muisical characteristics are difficult tae define.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Cambridge companion to pop and rock|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00frit|date=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-55660-6|editor-last=Frith|editor-first=Simon|edition=Repr|series=Cambridge companions to music|location=Cambridge|pages=109-142|chapter=Reconsidering Rock, Keir Keightley}}</ref> Lik [[pop muisic]], leerics aften stress romantic luve but address a wide variety o ither themes that are frequently social or poleetical in emphasis an aw. The dominance o rock bi white, male muisickers haes been seen as ane o the key factors shapin the themes splorit in rock muisic. Rock places a heicher degree o emphasis on musicianship, live performance, an an ideology o authenticity than pop muisic. == References == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{Commonscat|Rock music|Rock muisic}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rock Muisic}} [[Category:Rock muisic| ]] [[Category:Rock muisic genres| ]] [[Category:African-American muisic]] [[Category:American styles o muisic]] [[Category:20t-century muisic genres]] 077esa73bl3fqbmdbzxv2bbl8xgjsob 0 34960 921056 919923 2026-08-18T02:04:11Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 921056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Arturo Guzmán Decena | image_name = | image_size = 140px | image_caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1976|1|13}} | birth_place = [[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]], [[Mexico]]. | death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|2002|11|21|1976|1|13}} | death_place = [[Matamoros, Tamaulipas|Matamoros]], [[Tamaulipas]], Mexico. | charge = [[Murder]], [[drug trafficking]], [[mercenary]]. | alias = Z-1 | occupation = }} '''Arturo Guzmán Decena''', a.k.a. '''Z-1''' (13 Januar 1976 − 21 November 2002) wis a [[Mexican Airmy]] sodger that defectit tae become a [[mercenary]] an commander o the mercenary gang cried [[Los Zetas]] at the service o [[Osiel Cárdenas Guillen]], the [[Guwf Cairtel]]'s [[drog laird]].<ref name=explorando >{{cite news|url=http://www.explorandomexico.com/about-mexico/9/266/|title=The Zetas|last=Explorando Mexico Editorial Team|publisher=Explorando Mexico|accessdate=2009-08-23}}</ref> Los Zetas are conseidert bi the [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] (DEA) as the maist technologically advanced, sophisticatit an violent [[drog cartel]] in Mexico.<ref name="Grayson">{{cite web |url=http://www.fpri.org/enotes/200805.grayson.loszetas.html |title=Los Zetas: the Ruthless Army Spawned by a Mexican Drug Cartel |accessdate=2008-08-23 |last=Grayson |first=George |publisher=U.S. Foreign Policy Research Institute |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080813014533/http://www.fpri.org/enotes/200805.grayson.loszetas.html |archivedate=2008-08-13 |deadurl=no |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.fpri.org/enotes/200805.grayson.loszetas.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-09-13 |archive-date=2008-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080813014533/http://www.fpri.org/enotes/200805.grayson.loszetas.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first=Michael | last=Ware | coauthors= |authorlink= | title=Los Zetas called Mexico's most dangerous drug cartel | date=August 6, 2009 | publisher= | url =http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/americas/08/06/mexico.drug.cartels/index.html | work =CNN News | pages = | accessdate = 2009-08-07 | language = }}</ref> == Backgrund == Guzmán Decena trained wi an elite Mexican militar group cried [[Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales]] (GAFE) oreeginally trained in [[coonter-insurgency]] an locatin an apprehendin [[drog cairtel]] members. In 1997, Guzmán Decena defectit frae the Mexican airmy<ref name="Rodríguez Martínez 2006">{{cite web|url=http://www.monografias.com/trabajos28/poder-zetas/poder-zetas.shtml|title=El Poder de Los Zetas|last=Rodríguez Martínez|first=Marco A.|year=2006|publisher=Monografías|accessdate=2009-08-23|archive-date=2012-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626001310/http://www.monografias.com/trabajos28/poder-zetas/poder-zetas.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> an wis bribed bi Osiel Cárdenas Guillen, the leader o the Guwf Cartel, tae become his personal bodyguard. Guzmán Decena brocht wi him approximately 30 ither GAFE deserters enticit bi salaries substantially heicher than thon peyed bi the Mexican govrenment. The role o Los Zetas wis suin expandit, collectin debts, securin [[cocaine]] supply an trokin routes kent as ''plazas'' an executin its foes, aften wi grotesque savagery.<ref name="Grayson"/><ref name="Networks0705" /> The group's name ''Los Zetas'' is gien efter its first leader, Lieutenant Arturo Guzmán Decena, thats Federal Polis [[radio code]] wis ''"Z1"'',<ref>[http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Current-Affairs/Security-Watch/Detail/?lng=en&id=97554 Los Zetas: Evolution of a Criminal Organization] - March 11, 2009</ref> a code gien tae heich-rankin officers.<ref name="Networks0705">{{cite book|title=Networks, Terrorism and Global Insurgency |url=https://archive.org/details/networksterroris0000unse |first=Robert |last=Bunker |publisher=Routledge |month=July |year=2005 |isbn=0-415-34819-6 |page=xv}}</ref><ref name="Weak1105" >{{cite book|title = Weak bilateral law enforcement presence at the U.S.- Mexico border |publisher = Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security |month = November |year = 2005}}</ref><ref name="Texas0407">{{cite book|title=Texas Monthly On: Texas True Crime |url=https://archive.org/details/texasmonthlyonte00mont |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2007 |month=April |isbn=0-292-71675-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/texasmonthlyonte00mont/page/n54 44]}}</ref> ==Daith== Guzmán Decena wis shot deid inside a restaurant on November 2002 in [[Matamoros, Tamaulipas|Matamoros]], [[Tamaulipas]];<ref name="Rodríguez Martínez 2006"/><ref>{{es icon}} {{cite news|last=Osorno|first=Diego|title=Los Zetas – Historias de Nadie|url=http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/impreso/7156228|accessdate=28 May 2012|newspaper=[[Milenio]]|date=12 May 2007}}</ref> his seicont-in-command, Rogelio González Pizaña (a.k.a.: ''Z2'') wis captured in October 2004 an sae [[Heriberto Lazcano]] (a.k.a.: ''Z3'') ascendit tae the leadership o the paramilitar gang. == See an aw == * [[Mexican Drog War]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Mexican Drog War}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Guzman Decena, Arturo}} [[Category:1976 births]] [[Category:2002 daiths]] [[Category:Fowk frae Puebla]] [[Category:Los Zetas]] [[Category:Guwf Cairtel trokers]] [[Category:Mexican drog trokers]] [[Category:Daiths bi fireairm in Mexico]] 5nspu75gxjdlqm4wdlr6dbedyaarzvo 0 35112 920904 920093 2026-08-17T16:45:56Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Americans |flag = [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|border|100px]] <!-- Resize to 100px if photos are added to image field --> |flag_caption = [[Banner o the Unitit States]] |image = |caption= |langs=Primarily [[American Inglis|Inglis]], but [[Spaingie in the Unitit States|Spaingie]] an [[Leids o the Unitit States|ithers]] an aw |rels = [[File:P christianity.svg|18px]] [[Christianity in the Unitit States|Christian]] ([[Protestantism in the Unitit States|Protestantism]], [[Catholic Kirk in the Unitit States|Catholicism]] an [[Mormonism]])<ref name="PFRPL2008" /> <br>[[Unaffiliatit]] ([[Agnosticism]] an [[Atheism]])<ref name="PFRPL2008" /> <br> Various nan-christian releegions ([[American Jews|Judaism]], an [[Releegion in the Unitit States#Ithers|ithers]])<ref name="PFRPL2008">{{cite web |url=http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf |title=U.S. Religious Landscape Survey |author=Luis Lug |author2=Sandra Stencel|author3= John Green|author4= Gregory Smith|author5= Dan Cox|author6= Allison Pond|author7= Tracy Miller|author8= Elixabeth Podrebarac|author9= Michelle Ralston |date=February 2008 |work=The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |accessdate=February 12, 2012}}</ref> }} '''Americans''', or '''American fowk''', are the ceetizens o the [[Unitit States|Unitit States o Americae]]. The kintra is hame tae fowk o different naitional oreegins. As a result, Americans dae no equate thair nationality wi ethnicity, but wi citizenship. Aside frae the Native American population, nearly aw Americans or thair ancestors immigratit athin the past five centuries.<ref>Fiorina, Morris P., and Paul E. Peterson (2000). ''The New American Democracy''. London: Longman, p. 97. ISBN 0-321-07058-5.</ref> Despite its multi-ethnic composition,<ref name="DD">Adams, J.Q., and Pearlie Strother-Adams (2001). ''Dealing with Diversity''. Chicago: Kendall/Hunt. ISBN 0-7872-8145-X.</ref><ref name="Society in Focus">Thompson, William, and Joseph Hickey (2005). ''Society in Focus''. Boston: Pearson. ISBN 0-205-41365-X.</ref> the cultur held in common bi maist Americans is referred tae as [[mainstream]] [[American cultur]], a [[Wastren cultur]] mucklely derivit frae the tradeetions o Wastren European immigrants.<ref name="DD"/> It includes influences o [[African American cultur]] an aw.<ref>Holloway, Joseph E. (2005). ''Africanisms in American Culture'', 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 18–38. ISBN 0-253-34479-4. Johnson, Fern L. (1999). ''Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States''. Thousand Oaks, California, London, and New Delhi: Sage, p. 116. ISBN 0-8039-5912-5.</ref> Wastward expansion integratit the [[Louisiana Creole fowke|Creoles]] an [[Cajun]]s o Louisiana an the [[Hispanos]] o the Soothwast an brocht close contact wi the [[cultur o Mexico]]. Lairge-scale immigration in the late nineteent an early twintiet centuries frae Soothren an Eastren Europe introducit a variety o elements. Immigration frae Asie, Africae, an Laitin Americae haes haed impact an aw. A cultural [[meltin pot]], or pluralistic [[Salad bowl (cultural idea)|salad bowl]], describes the wey in which generations o Americans hae celebratit an exchyngit distinctive cultural characteristics.<ref name="DD"/> In addition tae the Unitit States, Americans an fowk o American strynd can be foond internaitionally. As mony as 4 million Americans are estimatit tae be livin abroad.<ref name="abroad">{{cite web| url=http://www.shelteroffshore.com/index.php/living/more/americans_living_abroad/| title=Record Numbers of Americans Living Abroad| publisher=Shelter Offshore| accessdate=September 30, 2008| archive-date=2008-10-11| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011090040/http://www.shelteroffshore.com/index.php/living/more/americans_living_abroad| url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Naitional personification== A [[naitional personification]] is an [[anthropomorphization]] o a naition or its fowk; it can appear in baith [[editorial cartoon]]s an propaganda. [[Uncle Sam]] is a naitional personification o the Unitit States an whiles mair specifically o the [[American govrenment]], wi the first uisage o the term datin frae the [[War o 1812]]. He is depictit as a stern elderly white man wi white hair an a [[goatee]] beard, an dressed in clothin that recaws the design elements o [[banner o the Unitit States]] – for example, teepically a [[top hat]] wi reid an white stripes an white starns on a blue baund, an reid an white stripit trousers. Columbie is a poetic name for the Americas an the feminine personification o the Unitit States o Americae, made famous bi African-American poet [[Phillis Wheatley]] durin the [[American Revolutionary War]] in 1776. It haes inspired the names o mony bodiess, places, objects, institutions, an companies in the [[Wastren Hemisphere]] an ayont. ==Leid== {{main 2|Leids o the Unitit States|Inglis leid|American Inglis|Inglis-anerlie muivement}} {|class="infobox" style="font-size: 90%; border: 1px solid #999; float: right; margin-left: 1em; width: 200px;" |- style="background:#f5f5f5;" !colspan="2"|Leids (2007)<ref name="USCB Lang">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/tables/10s0053.pdf|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|work=Statistical Abstract of the United States 2010|title=Table 53—Languages Spoken at Home by Language: 2007|accessdate=September 21, 2009}}</ref> |- |[[American Inglis|Inglis]] (''anerlie'')||style="text-align: center;"|225.5&nbsp;million |- |[[Spaingie leid in the Unitit States|Spaingie]], incl. [[Spaingie-based creole leids|Creole]]||style="text-align: center;"|34.5&nbsp;million |- |[[Cheenese leid|Cheenese]]||style="text-align: center;"|2.5&nbsp;million |- |[[French leid in the Unitit States|French]], incl. [[French-based creole leids|Creole]]||style="text-align: center;"|2.0&nbsp;million |- |[[Tagalog leid|Tagalog]]||style="text-align: center;"|1.5&nbsp;million |- |[[Vietnamese leid|Vietnamese]]||style="text-align: center;"|1.2&nbsp;million |- |[[German in the Unitit States|German]]||style="text-align: center;"|1.1&nbsp;million |- |[[Korean leid|Korean]]||style="text-align: center;"|1.1&nbsp;million |} [[American Inglis|Inglis]] is the de facto [[naitional leid]]. Awtho thare is nae [[offeecial leid]] at the federal level, some laws—sic as [[Unitit States naitionality law#Naturalization|U.S. naturalization requirements]]—staundartise Inglis. In 2007, aboot 226 million, or 80% o the population agit five years an aulder, spoke anerlie Inglis at hame. [[Spaingie in the Unitit States|Spaingie]], spoken bi 12% o the population at hame, is the seicont maist common leid an the maist widely taucht seicont leid.<ref name="USCB Lang"/><ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.adfl.org/resources/enrollments.pdf| title= Foreign Language Enrollments in United States Institutions of Higher Learning| date=Fall 2002| publisher= MLA| accessdate= October 16, 2006| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20061005184348/http://www.adfl.org/resources/enrollments.pdf| archivedate= 2006-10-05| url-status= dead}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803020358/http://www.adfl.org/resources/enrollments.pdf |date=2008-08-03 }}</ref> Some Americans advocate makkin Inglis the kintra's offeecial leid, as it is in at least twinty-aicht states.<ref name=ILW>{{cite web|author=Feder, Jody| url = http://www.ilw.com/immigrationdaily/news/2007,0515-crs.pdf| title = English as the Official Language of the United States—Legal Background and Analysis of Legislation in the 110th Congress|date=January 25, 2007| publisher=Ilw.com (Congressional Research Service)| accessdate =June 19, 2007}}</ref> Baith [[Hawaiian leid|Hawaiian]] an Inglis are offeecial leids in Hawaii bi state law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html|title=The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4|publisher=Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau|date=November 7, 1978|accessdate=June 19, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705235552/http://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html|archivedate=2007-07-05|url-status=dead}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724231656/http://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html |date=2013-07-24 }}</ref> While neither haes an offeecial leid, [[New Mexico]] haes laws providin for the uise o baith Inglis an Spaingie, as [[Louisiana]] daes for Inglis an French.<ref>{{cite book| author=Dicker, Susan J. | title = Languages in America: A Pluralist View | url=https://archive.org/details/languagesinameri00dick |year=2003|pages=[https://archive.org/details/languagesinameri00dick/page/216 216], 220–25 | location =Clevedon, UK| publisher=Multilingual Matters|isbn=1-85359-651-5}}</ref> Ither states, sic as Californie, mandate the publication o Spainyie versions o certaint govrenment documents includin court forms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=ccp&group=00001-01000&file=412.10-412.30|title=California Code of Civil Procedure, Section 412.20(6)|publisher=Legislative Counsel, State of California|accessdate=December 17, 2007|archive-date=2010-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722010302/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=ccp&group=00001-01000&file=412.10-412.30|url-status=dead}} {{cite web|url=http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/forms/allforms.htm|title=California Judicial Council Forms|publisher=Judicial Council, State of California|accessdate=December 17, 2007}}</ref> Several insular territories grant offeecial recognition tae thair native leids, alang wi Inglis: [[Samoan leid|Samoan]] an [[Chamorro leid|Chamorro]] are recognisit bi [[American Samoa]] an [[Guam]], respectively; [[Carolinian leid|Carolinian]] an Chamorro are recognisit bi the Northren Mariana Islands; Spaingie is an offeecial leid o Puerto Rico. ==Releegion== {{Main|Releegion in the Unitit States}} {{bar box |title=Releegion in the Unitit States |titlebar=#ddd |left1='''Releegion''' |right1='''Percent''' |float=right |bars= {{bar percent|Protestant|lightgreen|51.3}} {{bar percent|Roman Catholic|darkgreen|23.9}} {{bar percent|ither Christian|red|3.3}} {{bar percent|Jewish|blue|1.7}} {{bar percent|ither nan-Christian releegions|yellow|2.9}} {{bar percent|Nae releegion|maroon|16.1}} {{bar percent|Agnostic|brown|2.4}} {{bar percent|Atheist|green|1.6}} |caption=[[Pew Research Center]], 2008<ref name="PFRPL2008" /> }} Releegion in the Unitit States haes a heich adherence level, compared tae ither developit kintras, an diversity in beliefs. The First Amendment tae the kintra's [[Unitit States Constitution|Constitution]] prevents the Federal govrenment frae makkin ony "law respectin an establishment o releegion, or prohibitin the free exercise thareo." The [[Supreme Court o the Unitit States|U.S. Supreme Court]] haes interpretit this as preventin the govrenment frae haein ony authority in releegion. A majority o Americans report that releegion plays a "vera important" role in thair lives, a proportion unuisual amang [[developit naition]]s, awtho seemilar tae the ither naitions o the Americas.<ref>{{cite web| title= U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion| work= Pew Global Attitudes Project| url= http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167| accessdate= January 1, 2007| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070208155508/http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167| archivedate= 2007-02-08| url-status= live}}</ref> Mony faiths hae flourished in the Unitit States, includin baith later imports spannin the kintra's multicultural immigrant heritage, as well as those foondit athin the kintra; thir hae led the Unitit States tae acome the maist releegiously diverse kintra in the warld.<ref>{{cite book |title= A New Religious America : the World's Most Religiously Diverse Nation|url= https://archive.org/details/newreligiousamer00dian|last=Eck |first=Diana |year= 2002|publisher=HarperOne|isbn= 978-0-06-062159-9 |page=432}}</ref> The majority o Americans (76%) identify thairsels as Christians, maistly athin [[Protestantism|Protestant]] an Catholic denominations, accoontin for 51% an 25% o the population respectively.<ref name=ARIS2008>{{cite web |url=http://b27.cc.trincoll.edu/weblogs/AmericanReligionSurvey-ARIS/reports/ARIS_Report_2008.pdf |format=PDF |title=AMERICAN RELIGIOUS IDENTIFICATION SURVEY (ARIS) 2008 |author=Barry A. Kosmin and Ariela Keysar |year=2009 |publisher=Trinity College |location=Hartford, Connecticut, USA |accessdate=April 1, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407053149/http://b27.cc.trincoll.edu/weblogs/AmericanReligionSurvey-ARIS/reports/ARIS_Report_2008.pdf |archivedate=2009-04-07 |url-status=dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407053149/http://b27.cc.trincoll.edu/weblogs/AmericanReligionSurvey-ARIS/reports/ARIS_Report_2008.pdf |date=2009-04-07 }}</ref> Nan-Christian releegions (includin [[Buddhism]], [[Hinduism]], Islam, an Judaism), collectively mak up aboot 4% tae 5% o the adult population.<ref name=ARIS2008/><ref name=ciafact>{{cite web| title= CIA Fact Book| url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html| publisher= CIA World Fact Book| year= 2002| accessdate= December 30, 2007| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080109013304/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html| archivedate= 2008-01-09| url-status= live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226055200/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html |date=2018-12-26 }}</ref><ref name="Pew">{{cite web|url=http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf|title=Religious Composition of the U.S.|publisher=Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life|work=U.S. Religious Landscape Survey|year=2007|accessdate=May 9, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506212506/http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf|archivedate=2009-05-06|url-status=live}}</ref> Anither 15% o the adult population identifees as haein nae releegious belief or nae releegious affiliation.<ref name=ARIS2008 /> Accordin tae the American Religious Identification Survey, releegious belief varies considerably athort the kintra: 59% o Americans livin in Wastren states (the "[[Unchurched Belt]]") report a belief in God, yet in the Sooth (the "[[Bible Belt]]") the figur is as heich as 86%.<ref name=ARIS2008 /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/109108/Belief-God-Far-Lower-Western-US.aspx|title=Belief in God Far Lower in Western U.S.|author=Newport, Frank|publisher=[[The Gallup Organization]]|date=July 28, 2008|accessdate=September 4, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828073931/http://www.gallup.com/poll/109108/belief-god-far-lower-western-us.aspx|archivedate=2010-08-28|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Cultur== {{Main|Cultur o the Unitit States}} The development o the cultur o the Unitit States o Americae haes been markit bi a tension atween twa strang soorces o inspiration: European ideals, especially [[Breetish American|Breetish]]; an domestic oreeginality, sic as [[Jeffersonian democracy]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Distant mirrors: America as a foreign culture |last=DeVita |first=Philip R. |last2=Armstrong |first2=James D. |year=2002 |publisher=Wadsworth/Thomson Learning |isbn=9780534556488 |pages=197 |accessdate=17 September 2012 |url=http://books.google.com/books/about/Distant_mirrors.html?id=CxEWAQAAIAAJ }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Constructing the Nation: A Race and Nationalism Reader |series=SUNY Series, Philosophy and Race |last=Ortega |first=Mariana |editor1-first=Linda |editor1-last=Alcoff |year=2009 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=9781438428475 |page=35 |accessdate=17 September 2012 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JlNljLmbPZMC&lpg=PA35&ots=WUT1U_kvGA&dq=American%20culture%20european%20influence&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=American%20culture%20european%20influence&f=false }}</ref> [[Thomas Jefferson]]'s ''Notes on the State of Virginia'' wis aiblins the first influential domestic cultural critique bi an American. American cultur encompasses tradeetions, ideals, customs, beliefs, values, airts, fowklore an innovations developit baith domestically an importit via colonisation an immigration frae the [[Breetish Isles]]. Prevalent ideas an ideals which evolvit domestically sic as important naitional holidays, uniquely American sports, proud militar tradeetion, an innovations in the airts an entertainment gie a strang sense o naitional pride amang the population as a whole. ==See an aw== * [[American diaspora]] * [[American Australies]] * [[American Brazilians]] * [[American Canadians]] * [[American Mexicans]] * [[American New Zealanders]] * [[Americo-Liberie]] * [[Emigration frae the Unitit States]] * [[Hyphenatit American]] * [[Immigration tae the Unitit States]] * [[North Americans in Chile]] ==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Americans}} [[Category:Ethnic groups in the Unitit States]] [[Category:American fowk| ]] [[Category:Immigration tae the Unitit States]] t804wnwuzkt4qkj2v8yahs5tzouz6lw 921048 920904 2026-08-17T23:44:22Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Americans |flag = [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|border|100px]] |flag_caption = [[Banner o the Unitit States]] |langs= Primarily [[American Inglis|Inglis]], but [[Spaingie in the Unitit States|Spaingie]] an [[Leids o the Unitit States|ithers]] an aw |rels = [[File:P christianity.svg|18px]] [[Christianity in the Unitit States|Christian]] ([[Protestantism in the Unitit States|Protestantism]], [[Catholic Kirk in the Unitit States|Catholicism]] an [[Mormonism]])<ref name="PFRPL2008" /> <br>[[Unaffiliatit]] ([[Agnosticism]] an [[Atheism]])<ref name="PFRPL2008" /> <br> Various nan-christian releegions ([[American Jews|Judaism]], an [[Releegion in the Unitit States#Ithers|ithers]])<ref name="PFRPL2008">{{cite web |url=http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf |title=U.S. Religious Landscape Survey |author=Luis Lug |author2=Sandra Stencel|author3= John Green|author4= Gregory Smith|author5= Dan Cox|author6= Allison Pond|author7= Tracy Miller|author8= Elixabeth Podrebarac|author9= Michelle Ralston |date=February 2008 |work=The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |accessdate=February 12, 2012}}</ref> }} '''Americans''', or '''American fowk''', are the ceetizens o the [[Unitit States|Unitit States o Americae]]. The kintra is hame tae fowk o different naitional oreegins. As a result, Americans dae no equate thair nationality wi ethnicity, but wi citizenship. Aside frae the Native American population, nearly aw Americans or thair ancestors immigratit athin the past five centuries.<ref>Fiorina, Morris P., and Paul E. Peterson (2000). ''The New American Democracy''. London: Longman, p. 97. ISBN 0-321-07058-5.</ref> Despite its multi-ethnic composition,<ref name="DD">Adams, J.Q., and Pearlie Strother-Adams (2001). ''Dealing with Diversity''. Chicago: Kendall/Hunt. ISBN 0-7872-8145-X.</ref><ref name="Society in Focus">Thompson, William, and Joseph Hickey (2005). ''Society in Focus''. Boston: Pearson. ISBN 0-205-41365-X.</ref> the cultur held in common bi maist Americans is referred tae as [[mainstream]] [[American cultur]], a [[Wastren cultur]] mucklely derivit frae the tradeetions o Wastren European immigrants.<ref name="DD"/> It includes influences o [[African American cultur]] an aw.<ref>Holloway, Joseph E. (2005). ''Africanisms in American Culture'', 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 18–38. ISBN 0-253-34479-4. Johnson, Fern L. (1999). ''Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States''. Thousand Oaks, California, London, and New Delhi: Sage, p. 116. ISBN 0-8039-5912-5.</ref> Wastward expansion integratit the [[Louisiana Creole fowke|Creoles]] an [[Cajun]]s o Louisiana an the [[Hispanos]] o the Soothwast an brocht close contact wi the [[cultur o Mexico]]. Lairge-scale immigration in the late nineteent an early twintiet centuries frae Soothren an Eastren Europe introducit a variety o elements. Immigration frae Asie, Africae, an Laitin Americae haes haed impact an aw. A cultural [[meltin pot]], or pluralistic [[Salad bowl (cultural idea)|salad bowl]], describes the wey in which generations o Americans hae celebratit an exchyngit distinctive cultural characteristics.<ref name="DD"/> In addition tae the Unitit States, Americans an fowk o American strynd can be foond internaitionally. As mony as 4 million Americans are estimatit tae be livin abroad.<ref name="abroad">{{cite web| url=http://www.shelteroffshore.com/index.php/living/more/americans_living_abroad/| title=Record Numbers of Americans Living Abroad| publisher=Shelter Offshore| accessdate=September 30, 2008| archive-date=2008-10-11| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011090040/http://www.shelteroffshore.com/index.php/living/more/americans_living_abroad| url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Naitional personification== A [[naitional personification]] is an [[anthropomorphization]] o a naition or its fowk; it can appear in baith [[editorial cartoon]]s an propaganda. [[Uncle Sam]] is a naitional personification o the Unitit States an whiles mair specifically o the [[American govrenment]], wi the first uisage o the term datin frae the [[War o 1812]]. He is depictit as a stern elderly white man wi white hair an a [[goatee]] beard, an dressed in clothin that recaws the design elements o [[banner o the Unitit States]] – for example, teepically a [[top hat]] wi reid an white stripes an white starns on a blue baund, an reid an white stripit trousers. Columbie is a poetic name for the Americas an the feminine personification o the Unitit States o Americae, made famous bi African-American poet [[Phillis Wheatley]] durin the [[American Revolutionary War]] in 1776. It haes inspired the names o mony bodiess, places, objects, institutions, an companies in the [[Wastren Hemisphere]] an ayont. ==Leid== {{main 2|Leids o the Unitit States|Inglis leid|American Inglis|Inglis-anerlie muivement}} {|class="infobox" style="font-size: 90%; border: 1px solid #999; float: right; margin-left: 1em; width: 200px;" |- style="background:#f5f5f5;" !colspan="2"|Leids (2007)<ref name="USCB Lang">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/tables/10s0053.pdf|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|work=Statistical Abstract of the United States 2010|title=Table 53—Languages Spoken at Home by Language: 2007|accessdate=September 21, 2009}}</ref> |- |[[American Inglis|Inglis]] (''anerlie'')||style="text-align: center;"|225.5&nbsp;million |- |[[Spaingie leid in the Unitit States|Spaingie]], incl. [[Spaingie-based creole leids|Creole]]||style="text-align: center;"|34.5&nbsp;million |- |[[Cheenese leid|Cheenese]]||style="text-align: center;"|2.5&nbsp;million |- |[[French leid in the Unitit States|French]], incl. [[French-based creole leids|Creole]]||style="text-align: center;"|2.0&nbsp;million |- |[[Tagalog leid|Tagalog]]||style="text-align: center;"|1.5&nbsp;million |- |[[Vietnamese leid|Vietnamese]]||style="text-align: center;"|1.2&nbsp;million |- |[[German in the Unitit States|German]]||style="text-align: center;"|1.1&nbsp;million |- |[[Korean leid|Korean]]||style="text-align: center;"|1.1&nbsp;million |} [[American Inglis|Inglis]] is the de facto [[naitional leid]]. Awtho thare is nae [[offeecial leid]] at the federal level, some laws—sic as [[Unitit States naitionality law#Naturalization|U.S. naturalization requirements]]—staundartise Inglis. In 2007, aboot 226 million, or 80% o the population agit five years an aulder, spoke anerlie Inglis at hame. [[Spaingie in the Unitit States|Spaingie]], spoken bi 12% o the population at hame, is the seicont maist common leid an the maist widely taucht seicont leid.<ref name="USCB Lang"/><ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.adfl.org/resources/enrollments.pdf| title= Foreign Language Enrollments in United States Institutions of Higher Learning| date=Fall 2002| publisher= MLA| accessdate= October 16, 2006| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20061005184348/http://www.adfl.org/resources/enrollments.pdf| archivedate= 2006-10-05| url-status= dead}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803020358/http://www.adfl.org/resources/enrollments.pdf |date=2008-08-03 }}</ref> Some Americans advocate makkin Inglis the kintra's offeecial leid, as it is in at least twinty-aicht states.<ref name=ILW>{{cite web|author=Feder, Jody| url = http://www.ilw.com/immigrationdaily/news/2007,0515-crs.pdf| title = English as the Official Language of the United States—Legal Background and Analysis of Legislation in the 110th Congress|date=January 25, 2007| publisher=Ilw.com (Congressional Research Service)| accessdate =June 19, 2007}}</ref> Baith [[Hawaiian leid|Hawaiian]] an Inglis are offeecial leids in Hawaii bi state law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html|title=The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4|publisher=Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau|date=November 7, 1978|accessdate=June 19, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705235552/http://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html|archivedate=2007-07-05|url-status=dead}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724231656/http://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html |date=2013-07-24 }}</ref> While neither haes an offeecial leid, [[New Mexico]] haes laws providin for the uise o baith Inglis an Spaingie, as [[Louisiana]] daes for Inglis an French.<ref>{{cite book| author=Dicker, Susan J. | title = Languages in America: A Pluralist View | url=https://archive.org/details/languagesinameri00dick |year=2003|pages=[https://archive.org/details/languagesinameri00dick/page/216 216], 220–25 | location =Clevedon, UK| publisher=Multilingual Matters|isbn=1-85359-651-5}}</ref> Ither states, sic as Californie, mandate the publication o Spainyie versions o certaint govrenment documents includin court forms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=ccp&group=00001-01000&file=412.10-412.30|title=California Code of Civil Procedure, Section 412.20(6)|publisher=Legislative Counsel, State of California|accessdate=December 17, 2007|archive-date=2010-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722010302/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=ccp&group=00001-01000&file=412.10-412.30|url-status=dead}} {{cite web|url=http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/forms/allforms.htm|title=California Judicial Council Forms|publisher=Judicial Council, State of California|accessdate=December 17, 2007}}</ref> Several insular territories grant offeecial recognition tae thair native leids, alang wi Inglis: [[Samoan leid|Samoan]] an [[Chamorro leid|Chamorro]] are recognisit bi [[American Samoa]] an [[Guam]], respectively; [[Carolinian leid|Carolinian]] an Chamorro are recognisit bi the Northren Mariana Islands; Spaingie is an offeecial leid o Puerto Rico. ==Releegion== {{Main|Releegion in the Unitit States}} {{bar box |title=Releegion in the Unitit States |titlebar=#ddd |left1='''Releegion''' |right1='''Percent''' |float=right |bars= {{bar percent|Protestant|lightgreen|51.3}} {{bar percent|Roman Catholic|darkgreen|23.9}} {{bar percent|ither Christian|red|3.3}} {{bar percent|Jewish|blue|1.7}} {{bar percent|ither nan-Christian releegions|yellow|2.9}} {{bar percent|Nae releegion|maroon|16.1}} {{bar percent|Agnostic|brown|2.4}} {{bar percent|Atheist|green|1.6}} |caption=[[Pew Research Center]], 2008<ref name="PFRPL2008" /> }} Releegion in the Unitit States haes a heich adherence level, compared tae ither developit kintras, an diversity in beliefs. The First Amendment tae the kintra's [[Unitit States Constitution|Constitution]] prevents the Federal govrenment frae makkin ony "law respectin an establishment o releegion, or prohibitin the free exercise thareo." The [[Supreme Court o the Unitit States|U.S. Supreme Court]] haes interpretit this as preventin the govrenment frae haein ony authority in releegion. A majority o Americans report that releegion plays a "vera important" role in thair lives, a proportion unuisual amang [[developit naition]]s, awtho seemilar tae the ither naitions o the Americas.<ref>{{cite web| title= U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion| work= Pew Global Attitudes Project| url= http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167| accessdate= January 1, 2007| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070208155508/http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167| archivedate= 2007-02-08| url-status= live}}</ref> Mony faiths hae flourished in the Unitit States, includin baith later imports spannin the kintra's multicultural immigrant heritage, as well as those foondit athin the kintra; thir hae led the Unitit States tae acome the maist releegiously diverse kintra in the warld.<ref>{{cite book |title= A New Religious America : the World's Most Religiously Diverse Nation|url= https://archive.org/details/newreligiousamer00dian|last=Eck |first=Diana |year= 2002|publisher=HarperOne|isbn= 978-0-06-062159-9 |page=432}}</ref> The majority o Americans (76%) identify thairsels as Christians, maistly athin [[Protestantism|Protestant]] an Catholic denominations, accoontin for 51% an 25% o the population respectively.<ref name=ARIS2008>{{cite web |url=http://b27.cc.trincoll.edu/weblogs/AmericanReligionSurvey-ARIS/reports/ARIS_Report_2008.pdf |format=PDF |title=AMERICAN RELIGIOUS IDENTIFICATION SURVEY (ARIS) 2008 |author=Barry A. Kosmin and Ariela Keysar |year=2009 |publisher=Trinity College |location=Hartford, Connecticut, USA |accessdate=April 1, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407053149/http://b27.cc.trincoll.edu/weblogs/AmericanReligionSurvey-ARIS/reports/ARIS_Report_2008.pdf |archivedate=2009-04-07 |url-status=dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407053149/http://b27.cc.trincoll.edu/weblogs/AmericanReligionSurvey-ARIS/reports/ARIS_Report_2008.pdf |date=2009-04-07 }}</ref> Nan-Christian releegions (includin [[Buddhism]], [[Hinduism]], Islam, an Judaism), collectively mak up aboot 4% tae 5% o the adult population.<ref name=ARIS2008/><ref name=ciafact>{{cite web| title= CIA Fact Book| url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html| publisher= CIA World Fact Book| year= 2002| accessdate= December 30, 2007| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080109013304/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html| archivedate= 2008-01-09| url-status= live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226055200/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html |date=2018-12-26 }}</ref><ref name="Pew">{{cite web|url=http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf|title=Religious Composition of the U.S.|publisher=Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life|work=U.S. Religious Landscape Survey|year=2007|accessdate=May 9, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506212506/http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf|archivedate=2009-05-06|url-status=live}}</ref> Anither 15% o the adult population identifees as haein nae releegious belief or nae releegious affiliation.<ref name=ARIS2008 /> Accordin tae the American Religious Identification Survey, releegious belief varies considerably athort the kintra: 59% o Americans livin in Wastren states (the "[[Unchurched Belt]]") report a belief in God, yet in the Sooth (the "[[Bible Belt]]") the figur is as heich as 86%.<ref name=ARIS2008 /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/109108/Belief-God-Far-Lower-Western-US.aspx|title=Belief in God Far Lower in Western U.S.|author=Newport, Frank|publisher=[[The Gallup Organization]]|date=July 28, 2008|accessdate=September 4, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828073931/http://www.gallup.com/poll/109108/belief-god-far-lower-western-us.aspx|archivedate=2010-08-28|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Cultur== {{Main|Cultur o the Unitit States}} The development o the cultur o the Unitit States o Americae haes been markit bi a tension atween twa strang soorces o inspiration: European ideals, especially [[Breetish American|Breetish]]; an domestic oreeginality, sic as [[Jeffersonian democracy]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Distant mirrors: America as a foreign culture |last=DeVita |first=Philip R. |last2=Armstrong |first2=James D. |year=2002 |publisher=Wadsworth/Thomson Learning |isbn=9780534556488 |pages=197 |accessdate=17 September 2012 |url=http://books.google.com/books/about/Distant_mirrors.html?id=CxEWAQAAIAAJ }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Constructing the Nation: A Race and Nationalism Reader |series=SUNY Series, Philosophy and Race |last=Ortega |first=Mariana |editor1-first=Linda |editor1-last=Alcoff |year=2009 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=9781438428475 |page=35 |accessdate=17 September 2012 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JlNljLmbPZMC&lpg=PA35&ots=WUT1U_kvGA&dq=American%20culture%20european%20influence&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=American%20culture%20european%20influence&f=false }}</ref> [[Thomas Jefferson]]'s ''Notes on the State of Virginia'' wis aiblins the first influential domestic cultural critique bi an American. American cultur encompasses tradeetions, ideals, customs, beliefs, values, airts, fowklore an innovations developit baith domestically an importit via colonisation an immigration frae the [[Breetish Isles]]. Prevalent ideas an ideals which evolvit domestically sic as important naitional holidays, uniquely American sports, proud militar tradeetion, an innovations in the airts an entertainment gie a strang sense o naitional pride amang the population as a whole. ==See an aw== * [[American diaspora]] * [[American Australies]] * [[American Brazilians]] * [[American Canadians]] * [[American Mexicans]] * [[American New Zealanders]] * [[Americo-Liberie]] * [[Emigration frae the Unitit States]] * [[Hyphenatit American]] * [[Immigration tae the Unitit States]] * [[North Americans in Chile]] ==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Americans}} [[Category:Ethnic groups in the Unitit States]] [[Category:American fowk| ]] [[Category:Immigration tae the Unitit States]] 7df4h1woxy5s8oub3m30yabzxws2bnx 0 36511 920963 845173 2026-08-17T18:33:56Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox U.S. state |Name = New Jersey |Fullname = State of New Jersey |Flag = Flag of New Jersey.svg |Flaglink = [[Flag of New Jersey|Flag]] |Seal =Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg |Map = New Jersey in United States.svg |Nickname = The Garden State<ref>[http://www.nj.gov/njfacts/garden.htm The Garden State and Other New Jersey State Nicknames], Robert Lupp, New Jersey Reference Services, New Jersey State Library, October 12, 1994</ref> |Motto = Liberty and prosperity |Former = Province of New Jersey |Capital = [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]] |LargestCity = [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] | Languages = Inglis (anerlie) 72.6%<br />Spainyie 13.6%<br />Ithers 13.8%<ref>{{Cite book| url=http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results; – Languages| publisher=MLA Data Center| accessdate=June 4, 2012| title=Archived copy| archive-date=2013-05-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524211414/http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results;| url-status=dead}}{{whit|date=October 2012}}</ref> |Demonym = New Jerseyan,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2008_style_manual&docid=f:chapter5.pdf |title=Preliminary-cloth.indd |format=PDF |accessdate=July 25, 2010}}</ref> New Jerseyite<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/new+jerseyite |title=New jerseyite &#124; Definition of New jerseyite at Dictionary.com: |publisher=Dictionary.reference.com |accessdate=July 25, 2010}}</ref> |Governor = [[Phil Murphy]] ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|D]]) |Lieutenant Governor = [[Sheila Oliver]] (D) |Legislature = [[New Jersey Legislature]] |Upperhouse = [[New Jersey Senate|Senate]] |Lowerhouse = [[New Jersey General Assembly|General Assembly]] |Senators = [[Cory Booker]] (D)<br/>[[Bob Menendez]] (D) |Representative=7 Democrats, 6 Republicans |PostalAbbreviation = NJ |TradAbbreviation = N.J. |OfficialLang = Nane |AreaRank = 47t |TotalAreaUS = 8,721 |TotalArea = 22,608 |LandAreaUS = 7,425 |LandArea = 19,231 |WaterAreaUS = 1,304 |WaterArea = 3,378 |PCWater = 14.9 |2000Pop = 8,944,469 (2016 est)<ref name="PopEstUS">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2015/tables/NST-EST2015-01.csv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223235718/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2015/tables/NST-EST2015-01.csv |dead-url=yes |archive-date=December 23, 2015 |format=CSV |title=Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015 |date=December 23, 2015 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |accessdate=December 23, 2015 }}</ref> |PopRank = 11t |DensityRank = 1st |2000DensityUS = 1189 |2000Density = 459 |MedianHouseholdIncome = $70,378 |IncomeRank = 2nt |AdmittanceOrder = 3rd |AdmittanceDate = 18 December 1787 |TimeZone = [[Eastren Time Zone (North Americae)|Eastren]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]] [[Eastren Time Zone|-5]]/[[Eastren Daylicht Time|-4]] |Latitude = 38° 56′ N tae 41° 21′ N |Longitude = 73° 54′ W tae 75° 34′ W |WidthUS = 70 |Width = 112 |LengthUS = 170 |Length = 273 |HighestPoint = [[High Point (New Jersey)|High Point]]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|accessdate=October 24, 2011|archive-date=2011-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=NAVD88>Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].</ref> |HighestElevUS = 1,803 |HighestElev = 549.6 |MeanElevUS = 250 |MeanElev = 80 |LowestPoint = Atlantic Ocean<ref name=USGS/> |LowestElevUS = 0 |LowestElev = 0 |ISOCode = US-NJ |ElectoralVotes = 15 |Website = www.nj.gov }} '''New Jersey''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-New Jersey.ogg|n|uː|_|ˈ|dʒ|ɜr|z|i}}) is a state in the [[Northeastren Unitit States|Northeastren]] an [[Mid-Atlantic States|Middle Atlantic]] regions o the Unitit States. It is bordered on the north an east bi the [[U.S. state]] o [[New York]], on the southeast and south by the [[Atlantic Ocean]], on the wast bi [[Pennsylvania]], an on the soothwast bi [[Delaware]]. New Jersey is the [[Leet o U.S. states an territories bi aurie|4t least extensive]], but the [[Leet o U.S. states an territories bi population|11t maist populous]] an the [[Leet o U.S. states an territories bi population densitie|maist densely populatit]] o the [[50 United States]]. New Jersey lies maistly athin the sprawlin [[metropolitan aurie]]s o [[New York Ceety]] an [[Philadelphia]]. It is the third walthiest bi 2009–2010 [[median hoosehauld income]] an aw.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/statemedian/index.html|title=Median Household Income by State – 2-Year Averages|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=September 18, 2011}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{New Jersey|expanded}} {{Colleges an universities in New Jersey}} {{NewJerseysports}} {{13colonies}} {{Unitit States poleetical diveesions}} {{Unitit States topics}} {{Geographic location | Northwest = | North = {{flag|New York}} | Northeast = | West = {{flag|Pennsylvania}} | Centre = '' New Jersey'': Outline • Index | East = Atlantic Ocean | Southwest = {{flag|Delaware}} | South = [[Delaware Bay]] | Southeast = }} {{Succession | preceded = [[Pennsylvania]] | office = [[Leet o U.S. states bi date o statehuid]] | years = Ratified [[Constitution o the Unitit States o Americae|Constitution]] on 18 December 1787 (3rd) | succeeded = [[Georgie (U.S. state)|Georgie]] }} [[Category:New Jersey| ]] [[Category:Umwhile Breetish colonies]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1787]] [[Category:States o the Unitit States]] {{Stub/USA}} 2tvni3ufagw6iga6n5k4ogrxlxt1cq2 0 36670 920925 885384 2026-08-17T17:32:26Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Depairtment o Mayotte |native_name = |common_name = Mayotte |demonym = Mahoran |image_flag = Flag of France.svg |flag_caption = Flag o Mayotte |image_coat = Coat of Arms of Mayotte.svg |symbol_size = |symbol_type = Coat o airms |image_map = Mayotte (976) in France.svg |official_languages = [[French leid|French]] |languages_type = [[Vernacular|Vernacular leids]] |languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Shimaore]] {{small|}} |[[Kibushi]]}} |capital = {{nowrap|[[Mamoudzou]] {{small|([[prefecture]])}}}} |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 92% [[Comoro Islands|Comorian]]^a | 3% [[Swahili fowk|Swahili]] | 2% [[French fowk|French]] | 1% [[Makua fowk|Makua]] | 2% ithers }} |ethnic_groups_year = 2011<ref>{{cite web |author=Ben Cahoon |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Mayotte.htm |title=Information on Mayotte |publisher=Worldstatesmen.org |date= |accessdate=1 April 2011}}</ref> |largest_city = caipital |government_type = [[Owerseas depairtment]] |leader_title1 = [[General Cooncil o Mayotte|Preses o the General Cooncil]] |leader_name1 = [[Daniel Zaïdani]] |leader_title2 = [[Leet o colonial an depairtmental heids o Mayotte|Prefect]] |leader_name2 = [[Jacques Witkowski]] |area_rank = ~185t |area_magnitude = 1 E7 |area_km2 = 374 |area_sq_mi = 144 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 0.4 |population_census = 212,645<ref name=census>{{fr icon}} {{cite web| url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=19214| title=212 600 habitants à Mayotte en 2012 - La population augmente toujours fortement| first=[[Government of France]]| last=INSEE| format=PDF|accessdate=2013-10-04}}</ref> |population_census_year = Aug. 2012 |population_census_rank = 179th |population_density_km2 = 569 |population_density_sq_mi = 1,473 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = ~21st |GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|US$1.91 billion<br/>{{small|(€1.37 billion)}}<ref name=GDP>{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=18070|title=Produit intérieur brut à Mayotte en 2009 : Une croissance dynamique mais un retard à rattraper|publisher=INSEE|accessdate=2013-10-01}}</ref>}} |GDP_nominal_year = 2009 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{nowrap|US$9,766<br/>{{small|(€7,012}}<ref name=GDP /> {{small|2009 est.)}}}} |sovereignty_type = Status |established_event1 = Purchased bi [[Fraunce]] |established_date1 = 1843 |established_event2 = Referenda on ties wi Fraunce |established_date2 = 1974, 1976, 2009 |established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[Depairtmental collectivity]]}} |established_date3 = 2001 |established_event4 = [[Owerseas collectivity]] |established_date4 = 2003 |established_event5 = [[Owerseas depairtment]] an region |established_date5 = 31 Mairch 2011 <!--Although the election of a new president was postponed three days, Mayotte officially became a new department on Thursday 31 March 2011, according to all sources; see lemonde.fr/politique/article/2011/03/31/mayotte-embrouillamini-autour-de-son-accession-au-statut-de-departement_1501415_823448.html--> |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = |HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = |currency = [[Euro]] |currency_code = EUR |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = +3 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |calling_code = [[+262]]^b |cctld = [[.yt]] |footnote_a = [[Bantu fowks|Bantu]], [[Arab fowk|Arab]] an [[Malagasy fowk|Malagasy]] fowk. |footnote_b = Was [[+269]] before 2007. }} '''Mayotte''' ({{lang-fr|Mayotte}}, {{IPA-fr|majɔt|pron}}; [[Shimaore language|Shimaore]]: ''Maore'', {{IPA-sw|maˈore|IPA}}; {{lang-mg|Mahori}}) is an [[owerseas depairtment]] an [[owerseas region|region]]<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.gouvernement.gouv.fr/gouvernement/mayotte-devient-le-101e-departement-francais |title=Mayotte devient le 101e département français |date=4 April 2011 |work=Portail du Gouvernement |quote=C'est pourquoi Mayotte devient le 101e département français et le 5e département d'Outre-Mer et région d'Outre-Mer. |access-date=2012-08-16 |archive-date=2011-07-25 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110725211725/http://www.gouvernement.gouv.fr/gouvernement/mayotte-devient-le-101e-departement-francais |url-status=dead }}</ref> o [[Fraunce]] consistin o a main island, Grande-Terre (or Mahoré), a smawer island, Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), an several [[islet]]s aroond these twa. The [[airchipelago]] is locatit in the northren [[Mozambique Channel]] in the [[Indie Ocean]], namely atween northwastren [[Madagascar]] an northeastren [[Mozambique]]. Mayotte's aurie is {{convert|374|km2}} an, wi its estimatit 194,000 fowk, is vera densely populatit ({{convert|520|PD/km2|PD/sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}). Its biggest ceety an [[prefectur]] is [[Mamoudzou]]. The territory is [[pheeesical geography|geographically]] pairt o the [[Comoro Islands]] but haes been [[poleetical geography|poleetically]] separate syne a 1974 referendum in which it electit tae remain unner French rule. The territory is kent as Mahoré an aw, the native name o its main island, especially bi advocates o its inclusion in the [[Comoros|Union of Comoros]]. In a 2009 referendum, the population owerwhelmingly appruivit accession tae status o depairtment (95.2% votit in favour o depairtmental status). Mayotte became an owerseas depairtment on 31 Mairch 2011 an will become an Ootermaist region o the European Union on 1 Januar 2014. ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons|Mayotte}} {{Depairtments o Fraunce}} {{Regions o Fraunce}} [[Category:Mayotte| ]] [[Category:Regions o Fraunce]] [[Category:Bantu kintras an territories]] [[Category:Comoros airchipelago]] [[Category:Disputit islands]] [[Category:Mozambique Channel]] [[Category:Owerseas depairtments, collectivities an territories o Fraunce]] [[Category:Special territories o the European Union]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1974]] [[Category:Swauheely-speakin kintras an territories]] etw7br54h6tianfm1e9xwg3o6vvgwr2 921036 920925 2026-08-17T23:26:42Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox kintra |conventional_long_name = Depairtment o Mayotte |native_name = |common_name = Mayotte |demonym = Mahoran |image_flag = Flag of France.svg |flag_caption = Flag o Mayotte |image_coat = Coat of Arms of Mayotte.svg |symbol_size = |symbol_type = Coat o airms |image_map = Mayotte (976) in France.svg |official_languages = [[French leid|French]] |languages_type = [[Vernacular|Vernacular leids]] |languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Shimaore]] {{small|}} |[[Kibushi]]}} |capital = {{nowrap|[[Mamoudzou]] {{small|([[prefecture]])}}}} |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 92% [[Comoro Islands|Comorian]]^a | 3% [[Swahili fowk|Swahili]] | 2% [[French fowk|French]] | 1% [[Makua fowk|Makua]] | 2% ithers }} |ethnic_groups_year = 2011<ref>{{cite web |author=Ben Cahoon |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Mayotte.htm |title=Information on Mayotte |publisher=Worldstatesmen.org |date= |accessdate=1 April 2011}}</ref> |largest_city = caipital |government_type = [[Owerseas depairtment]] |leader_title1 = [[General Cooncil o Mayotte|Preses o the General Cooncil]] |leader_name1 = [[Daniel Zaïdani]] |leader_title2 = [[Leet o colonial an depairtmental heids o Mayotte|Prefect]] |leader_name2 = [[Jacques Witkowski]] |area_rank = ~185t |area_magnitude = 1 E7 |area_km2 = 374 |area_sq_mi = 144 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 0.4 |population_census = 212,645<ref name=census>{{fr icon}} {{cite web| url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=19214| title=212 600 habitants à Mayotte en 2012 - La population augmente toujours fortement| first=[[Government of France]]| last=INSEE| format=PDF|accessdate=2013-10-04}}</ref> |population_census_year = Aug. 2012 |population_census_rank = 179th |population_density_km2 = 569 |population_density_sq_mi = 1,473 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = ~21st |GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|US$1.91 billion<br/>{{small|(€1.37 billion)}}<ref name=GDP>{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=18070|title=Produit intérieur brut à Mayotte en 2009 : Une croissance dynamique mais un retard à rattraper|publisher=INSEE|accessdate=2013-10-01}}</ref>}} |GDP_nominal_year = 2009 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{nowrap|US$9,766<br/>{{small|(€7,012}}<ref name=GDP /> {{small|2009 est.)}}}} |sovereignty_type = Status |established_event1 = Purchased bi [[Fraunce]] |established_date1 = 1843 |established_event2 = Referenda on ties wi Fraunce |established_date2 = 1974, 1976, 2009 |established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[Depairtmental collectivity]]}} |established_date3 = 2001 |established_event4 = [[Owerseas collectivity]] |established_date4 = 2003 |established_event5 = [[Owerseas depairtment]] an region |established_date5 = 31 Mairch 2011 <!--Although the election of a new president was postponed three days, Mayotte officially became a new department on Thursday 31 March 2011, according to all sources; see lemonde.fr/politique/article/2011/03/31/mayotte-embrouillamini-autour-de-son-accession-au-statut-de-departement_1501415_823448.html--> |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = |HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = |currency = [[Euro]] |currency_code = EUR |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = +3 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |calling_code = [[+262]]^b |cctld = [[.yt]] |footnote_a = [[Bantu fowks|Bantu]], [[Arab fowk|Arab]] an [[Malagasy fowk|Malagasy]] fowk. |footnote_b = Was [[+269]] before 2007. }} '''Mayotte''' ({{lang-fr|Mayotte}}, {{IPA-fr|majɔt|pron}}; [[Shimaore language|Shimaore]]: ''Maore'', {{IPA-sw|maˈore|IPA}}; {{lang-mg|Mahori}}) is an [[owerseas depairtment]] an [[owerseas region|region]]<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.gouvernement.gouv.fr/gouvernement/mayotte-devient-le-101e-departement-francais |title=Mayotte devient le 101e département français |date=4 April 2011 |work=Portail du Gouvernement |quote=C'est pourquoi Mayotte devient le 101e département français et le 5e département d'Outre-Mer et région d'Outre-Mer. |access-date=2012-08-16 |archive-date=2011-07-25 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110725211725/http://www.gouvernement.gouv.fr/gouvernement/mayotte-devient-le-101e-departement-francais |url-status=dead }}</ref> o [[Fraunce]] consistin o a main island, Grande-Terre (or Mahoré), a smawer island, Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), an several [[islet]]s aroond these twa. The [[airchipelago]] is locatit in the northren [[Mozambique Channel]] in the [[Indie Ocean]], namely atween northwastren [[Madagascar]] an northeastren [[Mozambique]]. Mayotte's aurie is {{convert|374|km2}} an, wi its estimatit 194,000 fowk, is vera densely populatit ({{convert|520|PD/km2|PD/sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}). Its biggest ceety an [[prefectur]] is [[Mamoudzou]]. The territory is [[pheeesical geography|geographically]] pairt o the [[Comoro Islands]] but haes been [[poleetical geography|poleetically]] separate syne a 1974 referendum in which it electit tae remain unner French rule. The territory is kent as Mahoré an aw, the native name o its main island, especially bi advocates o its inclusion in the [[Comoros|Union of Comoros]]. In a 2009 referendum, the population owerwhelmingly appruivit accession tae status o depairtment (95.2% votit in favour o depairtmental status). Mayotte became an owerseas depairtment on 31 Mairch 2011 an will become an Ootermaist region o the European Union on 1 Januar 2014. ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons|Mayotte}} {{Depairtments o Fraunce}} {{Regions o Fraunce}} [[Category:Mayotte| ]] [[Category:Regions o Fraunce]] [[Category:Bantu kintras an territories]] [[Category:Comoros airchipelago]] [[Category:Disputit islands]] [[Category:Mozambique Channel]] [[Category:Owerseas depairtments, collectivities an territories o Fraunce]] [[Category:Special territories o the European Union]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1974]] [[Category:Swauheely-speakin kintras an territories]] cxzjx4f7e9236a6g32mv85qi2jhxf3g 921037 921036 2026-08-17T23:27:33Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox kintra |conventional_long_name = Depairtment o Mayotte |common_name = Mayotte |demonym = Mahoran |image_flag = Flag of France.svg |flag_caption = Flag o Mayotte |image_coat = Coat of Arms of Mayotte.svg |symbol_type = Coat o airms |image_map = Mayotte (976) in France.svg |official_languages = [[French leid|French]] |languages_type = [[Vernacular|Vernacular leids]] |languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Shimaore]] {{small|}} |[[Kibushi]]}} |capital = {{nowrap|[[Mamoudzou]] {{small|([[prefecture]])}}}} |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 92% [[Comoro Islands|Comorian]]^a | 3% [[Swahili fowk|Swahili]] | 2% [[French fowk|French]] | 1% [[Makua fowk|Makua]] | 2% ithers }} |ethnic_groups_year = 2011<ref>{{cite web |author=Ben Cahoon |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Mayotte.htm |title=Information on Mayotte |publisher=Worldstatesmen.org |date= |accessdate=1 April 2011}}</ref> |largest_city = caipital |government_type = [[Owerseas depairtment]] |leader_title1 = [[General Cooncil o Mayotte|Preses o the General Cooncil]] |leader_name1 = [[Daniel Zaïdani]] |leader_title2 = [[Leet o colonial an depairtmental heids o Mayotte|Prefect]] |leader_name2 = [[Jacques Witkowski]] |area_rank = ~185t |area_magnitude = 1 E7 |area_km2 = 374 |area_sq_mi = 144 |percent_water = 0.4 |population_census = 212,645<ref name=census>{{fr icon}} {{cite web| url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=19214| title=212 600 habitants à Mayotte en 2012 - La population augmente toujours fortement| first=[[Government of France]]| last=INSEE| format=PDF|accessdate=2013-10-04}}</ref> |population_census_year = Aug. 2012 |population_census_rank = 179th |population_density_km2 = 569 |population_density_sq_mi = 1,473 |population_density_rank = ~21st |GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|US$1.91 billion<br/>{{small|(€1.37 billion)}}<ref name=GDP>{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=18070|title=Produit intérieur brut à Mayotte en 2009 : Une croissance dynamique mais un retard à rattraper|publisher=INSEE|accessdate=2013-10-01}}</ref>}} |GDP_nominal_year = 2009 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{nowrap|US$9,766<br/>{{small|(€7,012}}<ref name=GDP /> {{small|2009 est.)}}}} |sovereignty_type = Status |established_event1 = Purchased bi [[Fraunce]] |established_date1 = 1843 |established_event2 = Referenda on ties wi Fraunce |established_date2 = 1974, 1976, 2009 |established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[Depairtmental collectivity]]}} |established_date3 = 2001 |established_event4 = [[Owerseas collectivity]] |established_date4 = 2003 |established_event5 = [[Owerseas depairtment]] an region |established_date5 = 31 Mairch 2011 <!--Although the election of a new president was postponed three days, Mayotte officially became a new department on Thursday 31 March 2011, according to all sources; see lemonde.fr/politique/article/2011/03/31/mayotte-embrouillamini-autour-de-son-accession-au-statut-de-departement_1501415_823448.html--> |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = |HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = |currency = [[Euro]] |currency_code = EUR |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = +3 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |calling_code = [[+262]]^b |cctld = [[.yt]] |footnote_a = [[Bantu fowks|Bantu]], [[Arab fowk|Arab]] an [[Malagasy fowk|Malagasy]] fowk. |footnote_b = Was [[+269]] before 2007. }} '''Mayotte''' ({{lang-fr|Mayotte}}, {{IPA-fr|majɔt|pron}}; [[Shimaore language|Shimaore]]: ''Maore'', {{IPA-sw|maˈore|IPA}}; {{lang-mg|Mahori}}) is an [[owerseas depairtment]] an [[owerseas region|region]]<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.gouvernement.gouv.fr/gouvernement/mayotte-devient-le-101e-departement-francais |title=Mayotte devient le 101e département français |date=4 April 2011 |work=Portail du Gouvernement |quote=C'est pourquoi Mayotte devient le 101e département français et le 5e département d'Outre-Mer et région d'Outre-Mer. |access-date=2012-08-16 |archive-date=2011-07-25 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110725211725/http://www.gouvernement.gouv.fr/gouvernement/mayotte-devient-le-101e-departement-francais |url-status=dead }}</ref> o [[Fraunce]] consistin o a main island, Grande-Terre (or Mahoré), a smawer island, Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), an several [[islet]]s aroond these twa. The [[airchipelago]] is locatit in the northren [[Mozambique Channel]] in the [[Indie Ocean]], namely atween northwastren [[Madagascar]] an northeastren [[Mozambique]]. Mayotte's aurie is {{convert|374|km2}} an, wi its estimatit 194,000 fowk, is vera densely populatit ({{convert|520|PD/km2|PD/sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}). Its biggest ceety an [[prefectur]] is [[Mamoudzou]]. The territory is [[pheeesical geography|geographically]] pairt o the [[Comoro Islands]] but haes been [[poleetical geography|poleetically]] separate syne a 1974 referendum in which it electit tae remain unner French rule. The territory is kent as Mahoré an aw, the native name o its main island, especially bi advocates o its inclusion in the [[Comoros|Union of Comoros]]. In a 2009 referendum, the population owerwhelmingly appruivit accession tae status o depairtment (95.2% votit in favour o depairtmental status). Mayotte became an owerseas depairtment on 31 Mairch 2011 an will become an Ootermaist region o the European Union on 1 Januar 2014. ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons|Mayotte}} {{Depairtments o Fraunce}} {{Regions o Fraunce}} [[Category:Mayotte| ]] [[Category:Regions o Fraunce]] [[Category:Bantu kintras an territories]] [[Category:Comoros airchipelago]] [[Category:Disputit islands]] [[Category:Mozambique Channel]] [[Category:Owerseas depairtments, collectivities an territories o Fraunce]] [[Category:Special territories o the European Union]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1974]] [[Category:Swauheely-speakin kintras an territories]] kqwmd9tq7t17hubr2i3lkvnosqj3ear 0 37979 920940 914403 2026-08-17T17:59:18Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox U.S. state | Name = Massachusetts | Fullname = Commonweel o Massachusetts | Flag = Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg | Flaglink = [[Banner o Massachusetts|Banner]] | Seal = Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg | Map = Massachusetts in United States (zoom).svg | Nickname = The Bay State | Motto = [[Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem]] ''([[Latin]])''<br /><small>By the sword we seek peace, but peace anely unner leeberty</small> | MottoEnglish = By the sword she seeks peace unner leeberty | Former = Province o Massachusetts Bay | StateAnthem = [[All Hail tae Massachusetts]] | Demonym = Bay Stater (offeecial)<ref>{{cite web|title=Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 2, Section 35: Designation of citizens of commonwealth|url=http://www.mass.gov/legis/laws/mgl/2-35.htm|publisher=The Commonwealth of Massachusetts|accessdate=February 29, 2008|archive-date=2008-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123060507/http://www.mass.gov/legis/laws/mgl/2-35.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Massachusite (tradeetional)<ref>{{Cite journal|page=435|title=Collections|publisher=[[Massachusetts Historical Society]]|place=Boston|year=1877|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdbnCkXB2RwC|accessdate=June 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Jones|first=Thomas|page=465|title=History of New York During the Revolutionary War|publisher=[[New York Historical Society]]|editor-first=Edward Floyd|editor-last=DeLancey|place=New York|year=1879|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbuXATAHXMEC|accessdate=June 10, 2015}}</ref> Massachusettsian (archaic)<ref>[[wiktionary:Massachusettsian]].</ref> | Capital = [[Boston]] | LargestCity = capital | LargestMetro = [[Greater Boston]] | Governor = [[Charlie Baker]] (R) | Lieutenant Governor = [[Karyn Polito]] (R) | Legislature = General Court | Upperhouse = Senate | Lowerhouse = Hoose o Representatives | Senators = [[Elizabeth Warren]] (D)<br />[[Ed Markey]] (D) | Representative = 9 Democrats | PostalAbbreviation = MA | TradAbbreviation = Mass. | OfficialLang = Inglis<ref name="WaPo English">{{cite news|last1=Schwarz|first1=Hunter|title=States where English is the official language|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2014/08/12/states-where-english-is-the-official-language/|accessdate=December 29, 2014|work=The Washington Post|date=August 12, 2014}}</ref> | AreaRank = 44t | TotalAreaUS = 10,555<ref name="2010 Census">{{cite web|title=Massachusetts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/25000.html|website=quickfacts.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 10, 2015|archive-date=2015-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821061951/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/25000.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><!-- To nearest sqmi., from USCensus web page --> | TotalArea = 27,336 <!-- conversion to nearest km² --> | LandAreaUS = 7,840 | LandArea = 20,306 | WaterAreaUS = 2,715 | WaterArea = 22,031 | PCWater = 25.7 <!-- calculation: Water area over Total area --> | PopRank = 15t<ref name="worldAtlus">{{cite web|title=U. S. States by size|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/usabysiz.htm|website=WorldAtlus.com|accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> | 2010Pop = 6,794,422 (2015 est) <ref name="qcensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2015/tables/NST-EST2015-01.csv|format=CSV|title=Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015|date=December 23, 2015|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=January 24, 2016}}</ref> | DensityRank = 3rd <ref name="worldAtlus" /> | 2000DensityUS = 840 | 2000Density = 324 | MedianHouseholdIncome = $65,401 (2008) | IncomeRank = 7t | AdmittanceOrder = 6t | AdmittanceDate = 6 Februar 1788 | TimeZone = [[Eastren Time Zone|Eastren]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]] [[Eastren Time Zone|-5]]/[[Eastren Daylicht Time|-4]] | Latitude = 41° 14′ N tae 42° 53′ N | Longitude = 69° 56′ W tae 73° 30′ W | LengthUS = 113 | Length = 182 | WidthUS = 183 | Width = 295 | HighestPoint = [[Moont Greylock]]<ref>{{cite ngs|name=Greylock RM 1 Reset|id=MZ1957}}</ref><ref name="NAVD88">Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].</ref> | HighestElevUS = 3,489 | HighestElev = 1063.4 | MeanElevUS = 500 | MeanElev = 150 | LowestPoint = Atlantic Ocean | LowestElevUS = 0 | LowestElev = 0 | ISOCode = US-MA | Website = http://www.mass.gov/ }} {{Infobox U.S. state symbols | Name = Massachusetts | Bird = [[Black-cappit chickadee]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Black-Capped Chickadee:Massachusetts State Bird|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-bird/black-capped-chickadee|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 17, 2015}}</ref> [[wild turkey]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Wild Turkey:Massachusetts State Game Bird|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-bird/wild-turkey|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 17, 2015}}</ref><ref name="MassFacts">{{cite web|title=Massachusetts Facts|url=http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cismaf/mf1a.htm|website=Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts|accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> | Fish = [[Atlantic cod|Cod]]<ref name="MassFacts" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Cod: Massachusetts State Fish|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-fish-aquatic-life/cod|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Flower = [[Epigaea repens|Mayflower]]<ref name="MassFacts" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Mayflower: Massachusetts State Flower|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-flower/mayflower|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Insect = [[Clock leddy]]<ref name="MassFacts" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Ladybug: Massachusetts State Insect|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-insect/ladybug|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Mammal = [[Richt whaul]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Right Whale: Massachusetts State Marine Mammal|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-fish-aquatic-life-state-mammal/right-whale|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> [[Morgan horse]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Morgan Horse: Massachusetts State Horse|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-horse-state-mammal/morgan-horse|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> [[Tabby cat]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Tabby Cat: Massachusetts State Cat|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-dog-cat-state-mammal/tabby-cat|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> [[Boston Terrier]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Boston Terrier: Massachusetts State Dog|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-dog-cat-state-mammal/boston-terrier|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Reptile = [[Garter snake]]<ref name="MassFacts" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Garter Snake: Massachusetts State Reptile|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-reptile/garter-snake|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Tree = [[American elm]]<ref name="MassFacts" /><ref>{{cite web|title=American Elm: Massachusetts State Tree|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-tree/american-elm|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Beverage = [[Cranberry juice]]<ref name="MassFacts" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Cranberry Juice: Massachusetts State Beverage|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/cranberry-juice|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Colors = Blue, green, cranberry<ref name="MassFacts" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Blue – Green – Cranberry: Massachusetts State Colors|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-colors/blue-green-cranberry|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Dance = [[Square dance]]<ref name="MassFacts" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Square Dance: Massachusetts State Folk Dance|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-dance-music-symbol/square-dance|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Food = [[Cranberry]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Cranberry: Massachusetts State Berry|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/cranberry|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> corn [[muffin]],<ref name="MassFacts" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Corn Muffin: Massachusetts State Muffin|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/corn-muffin|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 20, 2015}}</ref> [[navy bean]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Baked Navy Bean: Massachusetts State Bean|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/baked-navy-bean|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 20, 2015}}</ref> [[Boston cream pie]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Boston Creme Pie: Massachusetts State Dessert|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/boston-cream-pie|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 20, 2015}}</ref> [[chocolate chip cookie]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Chocolate Chip Cookie: Massachusetts State Cookie|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/chocolate-chip-cookie|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 20, 2015}}</ref> [[Boston cream doughnut]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Boston Cream Donut: Massachusetts State Donut|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/boston-cream-donut|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Fossil = [[Dinosaur Footprints|Dinosaur Tracks]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Dinosaur Tracks: Massachusetts State Fossil|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-dinosaur-fossil/dinosaur-tracks|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 20, 2015}}</ref> | Gemstone = [[Rhodonite]]<ref name="MassFacts" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Rhodonite: Massachusetts State Gem|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-gem-gemstone/rhodonite|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 20, 2015}}</ref> | Mineral = [[Babingtonite]]<ref name="MassFacts" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Babingtonite: Massachusetts State Mineral|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-mineral-rock/babingtonite|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 20, 2015}}</ref> | Poem = [http://www.masshome.com/mapoem.html "Blue Hills of Massachusetts"]<ref name="MassFacts" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Blue Hills of Massachusetts: Massachusetts State Poem|url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-language-poetry/blue-hills-massachusetts|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 20, 2015}}</ref> | Rock = Rolling Rock<ref name="MassFacts" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Rolling Rock: Massachusetts State Glacial Rock |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-fish-aquatic-life/new-england-neptune|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 20, 2015}}</ref> | Shell = [[Neptunea lyrata|New Ingland Neptune]], ''Neptunea lyrata decemcostata''<ref name="MassFacts" /><ref>{{cite web|title=New England Neptune: Massachusetts State Shell |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-fish-aquatic-life/new-england-neptune|website=StateSymbolsUSA.org|accessdate=April 23, 2015}}</ref> | Ships = ''[[Schooner Ernestina]]'' <ref name="MassFacts" /> | Slogan = ''Make It Yours'',<br />''The Spirit of America'' <ref>{{cite web|title=State Slogans|url=http://www.ereferencedesk.com/resources/state-slogans/|website=Ereferencedesk.com|accessdate=April 21, 2015|archive-date=2015-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502074314/http://www.ereferencedesk.com/resources/state-slogans/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Soil = [[Paxton (soil)|Paxton]]<ref name="MassFacts" /> | Song = "[[All Hail tae Massachusetts]]"<ref name="MassFacts" /> | Sport = Basketball<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/08/09/can_you_guess_the_state_sport_of_massachusetts/|title=Can you guess the state sport of Massachusetts?|first=Michael|last=Levenson|date=August 9, 2006|work=Boston Globe|accessdate=February 14, 2012}}</ref> | Route Marker = MA Route 28.svg | Quarter = 2000 MA Proof.png | QuarterReleaseDate = 2000<ref>{{cite web|title=The Official Massachusetts State Quarter|url=http://www.theus50.com/massachusetts/quarter.php|website=theus50.com|accessdate=April 21, 2015|archive-date=2015-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427143527/http://www.theus50.com/massachusetts/quarter.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} '''Massachusetts''' is the maist populous [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[New Ingland]] region o the [[northeastren Unitit States]]. It is mairchit bi the [[Atlantic Ocean]] tae the east, the states o [[Connecticut]] an [[Rhode Island]] tae the sooth, [[New Hampshire]] an [[Vermont]] tae the north, an [[New York (state)|New York]] tae the wast. The state is named efter the [[Massachusett]] tribe, that ance inhabitit the east side o the aurie, an is ane o the original thirteen states. The caipital o Massachusetts is [[Boston]], that is an aw the maist populous ceety in New Ingland. Ower 80% o Massachusetts's population leeves in the [[Greater Boston]] metropolitan aurie, a region influential upon American [[History o the Unitit States|history]], [[academia]], an [[Economy o the Unitit States|industry]].<ref name=GreaterBoston>{{cite web |last1=Douglas |first1=Craig |title=Greater Boston gains population, remains 10th-largest region in U.S |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/2010/03/22/daily22.html?page=all |publisher=bizjournals.com |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> Oreeginally dependent on [[agricultur]], [[fishin]] an [[tred]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Maritime Commerce |url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/maritime/commerce.htm |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> Massachusetts wis transformed intae a manufacturin centre in the [[Industrial Revolution]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Lowell, Massachusetts |url=http://www.lowell.com/city-of-lowell/lowell-history/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405013026/http://lowell.com/city-of-lowell/lowell-history/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=April 5, 2010 |publisher=City of Lowell |accessdate=April 21, 2015 }}</ref> In the 20t century, Massachusetts's economy shiftit frae manufacturin tae services.<ref>{{cite web |title=Staying Power: The Future of Manufacturing in Massachusetts |url=http://masstech.org/sites/mtc/files/documents/Staying_Power.pdf |publisher=The Center for Urban and Regional Policy School of Social Science, Urban Affairs, and Public Policy Northeastern University |accessdate=April 21, 2015 |format=PDF |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071505/http://masstech.org/sites/mtc/files/documents/Staying_Power.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Modren Massachusetts is a global leader in [[biotechnology]], [[ingineerin]], [[Leet o colleges an varsities in Massachusetts|heicher eddication]], [[finance]], an [[maritime tred]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Housing and Economic Development:Key Industries |url=http://www.mass.gov/hed/economic/industries/ |website=mass.gov |accessdate=April 21, 2015 |archive-date=2015-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422015358/http://www.mass.gov/hed/economic/industries/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Plymouth, Massachusetts|Plymouth]] wis the steid o the first colony in New Ingland, foondit in 1620 bi the [[Pilgrim Faithers|Pilgrims]], passengers o the ''[[Mayflower]]''. In 1692, the toun o [[Salem, Massachusetts|Salem]] an surroondin auries experienced ane o Americae's maist infamous cases o [[mass hysteria]], the [[Salem witch trials]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The 1692 Salem Witch Trials |url=http://www.salemwitchmuseum.com/education |publisher=Salem Witch Trials Museum |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> In 1777, General [[Henry Knox]] foondit the [[Springfield Armory]], that in the [[Industrial Revolution]] catalysed numerous important technological advances, includin [[interchyngeable pairts]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Springfield Armory: Technology in Transition |url=http://www.nps.gov/spar/learn/education/upload/Springfield%20Technology%20Lesson.pdf |publisher=[[National Park Service]] [[United States Department of the Interior]] |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> In 1786, [[Shays' Rebellion]], a populist revolt led bi disaffectit [[American Revolutionary War]] veterans, influenced the [[Constitutional Convention (Unitit States)|Unitit States Constitutional Convention]].<ref name=shay>{{cite web |title=Shays' Rebellion |url=http://www.ushistory.org/us/15a.asp |publisher=ushistory.org |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> In the 18t century, the Protestant [[First Great Awakenin]], that soopit the [[Atlantic World]], oreeginatit frae the poupit o [[Northampton, Massachusetts|Northampton]] preacher [[Jonathan Edwards (theologian)|Jonathan Edwards]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The First Great Awakening – Jonathan Edwards |url=http://www.revival-library.org/pensketches/revivals/1st_edwards.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150422014428/http://www.revival-library.org/pensketches/revivals/1st_edwards.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=April 22, 2015 |publisher=revival-library.org |accessdate=April 21, 2015 }}</ref> In the late 18t century, Boston becam kent as the "Cradle of Leeberty"<ref>{{cite web |title=Faneuil Hall |url=http://www.celebrateboston.com/sites/faneuil-hall.htm |publisher=Celebrateboston.com |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> for the agitation thare that led tae the [[American Revolution]]. The entire Commonweel o Massachusetts haes played a pouerfu commercial an cultural role in the history o the [[Unitit States]]. Afore the [[American Ceevil War]], Massachusetts wis a centre for the [[aboleetionism in the Unitit States|abolitionist]], [[temperance muivement|temperance]],<ref>{{cite web |title=The Temperance Issue in the Election of 1840: Massachusetts |url=http://www.teachushistory.org/second-great-awakening-age-reform/articles/temperance-issue-election-1840-massachusetts |publisher=Teachushistory.org |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> an [[transcendentalist]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Packer |first1=Barbara |title=The Transcendentalists |url=https://archive.org/details/transcendentalis0000pack |publisher=University of Georgia Press; First edition (April 25, 2007) |isbn=978-0820329581|year=2007 }}</ref> movements.<ref>{{cite web |title=Images of the Antislavery Movement in Massachusetts |url=http://www.masshist.org/online/abolition/index.php |publisher=Masshist.org |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> In the late 19t century, the sports o [[basketbaw]] an [[volleybaw]] war inventit in the wastren Massachusetts ceeties o [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] an [[Holyoke, Massachusetts|Holyoke]], respectively.<ref name=basketball>{{cite web |title=Springfield College: The Birthplace of Basketball |url=http://www.springfieldcollege.edu/welcome/birthplace-of-basketball/#.VTa-7CFVhBc |publisher=Springfieldcollege.edu |accessdate=April 21, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504211534/http://www.springfieldcollege.edu/welcome/birthplace-of-basketball/#.VTa-7CFVhBc |archivedate=May 4, 2015 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=volleyball>{{cite web |title=The International Volleyball Hall of Fame |url=http://www.volleyhall.org/about-us.html |publisher=Volleyball.org |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> In 2004, Massachusetts becam the first U.S. state tae legally recognise [[same-sex mairiage in Massachusetts|same-sex mairiage]] as a result o the deceesion in ''[[Goodridge v. Department o Public Health]]'' bi the [[Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Coort]].<ref name=CNNmarriage>{{cite news |title=Massachusetts court strikes down ban on same-sex marriage |url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/LAW/11/18/gay.marriage.reut/ |accessdate=April 21, 2015 |agency=Reuters |date=November 18, 2003}}</ref> Mony prominent American poleetical dynasties hae hailed frae the state, includin the [[Adams poleetical faimily|Adams]] an [[Kennedy faimily|Kennedy]] faimilies. [[Harvard Varsity]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] is the auldest institution o [[colonial colleges|heicher learnin in the Unitit States]],<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Harvard University |url=http://www.harvard.edu/history |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref> wi the lairgest [[financial endoument]] o ony varsity,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/29/us/harvards-endowment-remains-biggest-of-all.html?_r=0 |title=Harvard's Endowment Remains Biggest of All |author=Tamar Lewin |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 28, 2015 |accessdate=March 6, 2015}}</ref> an [[Harvard Law School]] haes eddicatit a contemporaneous majority o Juistices o the [[Supreme Coort o the Unitit States]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/03/16/merrick-garland-supreme-court-obama-nominee/81529760/ |title=Meet Merrick Garland, Obama's Supreme Court nominee |author=Richard Wolf |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=March 16, 2016 |accessdate=March 16, 2016}}</ref> [[Kendall Square]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] haes been cried "the maist innovative squerr mile on the planet", in reference to the heich concentration o [[entrepreneurship|entrepreneurial]] [[stairtup company|stairt-ups]] an quality o innovation that hae emerged in the vicinity o the squerr syne 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kendallsquare.mit.edu/|title=Kendall Square Initiative|publisher=MIT|accessdate=December 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.boston.com/business/innovation/blogs/inside-the-hive/2013/05/02/when-neighborhood-crowned-the-most-innovative-square-mile-the-world-how-you-keep-that-way/B1QxCjswQZZuG21WBdyBWK/blog.html|title=When a neighborhood is crowned the most innovative square mile in the world, how do you keep it that way?|author=Lelund Cheung|website=Boston Globe|accessdate=December 3, 2016|archive-date=2016-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202165650/http://archive.boston.com/business/innovation/blogs/inside-the-hive/2013/05/02/when-neighborhood-crowned-the-most-innovative-square-mile-the-world-how-you-keep-that-way/B1QxCjswQZZuG21WBdyBWK/blog.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baith Harvard Varsity an the [[Massachusetts Institute o Technology]], an aw in Cambridge, hae been ranked amang the maist heichly regairdit [[academic institution]]s in the warld.<ref name="AcademicRanking2">[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2016/reputation-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank_label/sort_order/asc/cols/rank_only] Times Higher Education. Accessed December 3, 2016.</ref> Massachusetts' public schuil students place amang the tap naitions in the warld in academic performance,<ref name="AcademicRanking3">[http://www.doe.mass.edu/news/news.aspx?id=24050] Accessed 27 Januar 2017.</ref> an the state haes been ranked as ane o the tap states in the naition for ceetizens tae leeve, as weel as ane o the maist expensive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/rankings|title=Best States Overall Ranking|publisher=U.S. News & World Report|accessdate=December 29, 2017}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== ;State govrenment * [http://www.mass.gov/ {{PAGENAME}} state govrenment wabsteid] ==Relatit information== <gallery perrow="5"> Image:Nobska Lighthouse - Cape Cod, MA.jpg|<center>Woods Hole</center> Image:USA 09562 Boston Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|<center>Boston</center> Image:Hartwell Tavern in October, Lincoln MA.jpg|<center>Lincoln</center> </gallery> {{Navboxes |title= [[File:Nuvola apps kpdf2.png|25px]] Topics relatit tae {{PAGENAME}} |state=off |list1=</span> {{{{PAGENAME}}|expanded}} {{Unitit States poleetical diveesions}} {{Unitit States topics}} }} [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}| ]] [[Category:States o the Unitit States]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1788]] {{Stub/USA}} 4nqzp793qes0ig3n2fo12wy6nlwa8uw 0 43922 920899 890325 2026-08-17T16:40:32Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920899 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:France départementale.svg|alt=Depairtments o Fraunce|thumb|Depairtments o Fraunce]] In the [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Fraunce|admeenistrative diveesion]] o [[Fraunce]], the '''depairtment''' ({{lang-fr|département}}, {{IPA-fr|depaʁtəmɑ̃|pron}}) is ane o the three levels o govrenment belaw the naitional level, atween the [[regions o Fraunce|region]] an the [[Communes o Fraunce|commune]]. Thare 95 depairtments in [[metropolitan Fraunce]] an 5 [[Owerseas depairtment]]s, whilk is classifee'd as regions an aw. Depairtments is furder subdividit intae 342 [[arrondissements o Fraunce|arrondissements]], thairsels dividit intae [[Cantons o Fraunce|cantons]]; the latter twa hae nae autonomy an are uised for the organisation o public services or elections. Depairtments are admeenistered bi electit [[General cooncils (Fraunce)|General Cooncils]] (''conseil général'') an their Presess, whose main auries o responsibility include the management o a nummer o social an welfare allowances, o junior heich schuil (''collège'') biggins an technical staff, o local roads an schuil an rural buses, an a contribution tae municipal infrastructurs. Local services o the State admeenistration are tradeetionally organisit at depairtmental level, whaur the [[Prefect (Fraunce)|Prefect]] represents the govrenment; housomeivver, regions hae gained importance in this regard syne the 2000s, wi some depairtment-level services mergit intae region-level services. Depairtments wur creatit in 1790 as a rational replacement o [[Ancien Régime]] [[Provinces o Fraunce|provinces]] in view o strengthenin naitional unity; amaist aw o them is therefore namit efter rivers, muntains or coasts raither than efter historical or cultural territories, unalike regions, an some o them is commonly referred tae bi their twa-digit [[Postal codes in Fraunce|postal code]] nummer, whilk wis till recently uised for aw [[Vehicle registration plates o Fraunce|vehicle registration plates]]. They hae inspired seimilar diveesions in mony o Fraunce’s umwhile colonies. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commonscat|Departments of France}} {{Wikipedia books|French departements}} {{Depairtments o Fraunce}} {{Airticles on seicont-level admeenistrative diveesions o European kintras}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Depairtments O Fraunce}} [[Category:Kintra subdiveesions o Europe|Fraunce 2]] [[Category:Depairtments o Fraunce| ]] [[Category:Fraunce geografie-relatit leets]] [[Category:Leets o kintra subdiveesions|Fraunce, Depairtments]] [[Category:Seicont-level admeenistrative kintra subdiveesions|Depairtments, Fraunce]] [[Category:Subdiveesions o Fraunce]] chb4lmza9hj6jy2ru83ksd7n6tdi7uv 920900 920899 2026-08-17T16:41:20Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin red airtins 920900 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:France départementale.svg|alt=Depairtments o Fraunce|thumb|Depairtments o Fraunce]] In the admeenistrative diveesion o [[Fraunce]], the '''depairtment''' ({{lang-fr|département}}, {{IPA-fr|depaʁtəmɑ̃|pron}}) is ane o the three levels o govrenment belaw the naitional level, atween the [[regions o Fraunce|region]] an the commune. Thare 95 depairtments in metropolitan Fraunce an 5 Owerseas depairtments, whilk is classifee'd as regions an aw. Depairtments is furder subdividit intae 342 [[arrondissements o Fraunce|arrondissements]], thairsels dividit intae [[Cantons o Fraunce|cantons]]; the latter twa hae nae autonomy an are uised for the organisation o public services or elections. Depairtments are admeenistered bi electit General Cooncils (''conseil général'') an their Presess, whose main auries o responsibility include the management o a nummer o social an welfare allowances, o junior heich schuil (''collège'') biggins an technical staff, o local roads an schuil an rural buses, an a contribution tae municipal infrastructurs. Local services o the State admeenistration are tradeetionally organisit at depairtmental level, whaur the [[Prefect (Fraunce)|Prefect]] represents the govrenment; housomeivver, regions hae gained importance in this regard syne the 2000s, wi some depairtment-level services mergit intae region-level services. Depairtments wur creatit in 1790 as a rational replacement o [[Ancien Régime]] provinces in view o strengthenin naitional unity; amaist aw o them is therefore namit efter rivers, muntains or coasts raither than efter historical or cultural territories, unalike regions, an some o them is commonly referred tae bi their twa-digit [[Postal codes in Fraunce|postal code]] nummer, whilk wis till recently uised for aw vehicle registration plates. They hae inspired seimilar diveesions in mony o Fraunce’s umwhile colonies. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commonscat|Departments of France}} {{Wikipedia books|French departements}} {{Depairtments o Fraunce}} {{Airticles on seicont-level admeenistrative diveesions o European kintras}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Depairtments O Fraunce}} [[Category:Kintra subdiveesions o Europe|Fraunce 2]] [[Category:Depairtments o Fraunce| ]] [[Category:Fraunce geografie-relatit leets]] [[Category:Leets o kintra subdiveesions|Fraunce, Depairtments]] [[Category:Seicont-level admeenistrative kintra subdiveesions|Depairtments, Fraunce]] [[Category:Subdiveesions o Fraunce]] swaaww6p4ktw7rklvj7783kzsmn4c3c 920901 920900 2026-08-17T16:42:49Z Lirazelf 27464 /* Freemit airtins */ remuive red template 920901 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:France départementale.svg|alt=Depairtments o Fraunce|thumb|Depairtments o Fraunce]] In the admeenistrative diveesion o [[Fraunce]], the '''depairtment''' ({{lang-fr|département}}, {{IPA-fr|depaʁtəmɑ̃|pron}}) is ane o the three levels o govrenment belaw the naitional level, atween the [[regions o Fraunce|region]] an the commune. Thare 95 depairtments in metropolitan Fraunce an 5 Owerseas depairtments, whilk is classifee'd as regions an aw. Depairtments is furder subdividit intae 342 [[arrondissements o Fraunce|arrondissements]], thairsels dividit intae [[Cantons o Fraunce|cantons]]; the latter twa hae nae autonomy an are uised for the organisation o public services or elections. Depairtments are admeenistered bi electit General Cooncils (''conseil général'') an their Presess, whose main auries o responsibility include the management o a nummer o social an welfare allowances, o junior heich schuil (''collège'') biggins an technical staff, o local roads an schuil an rural buses, an a contribution tae municipal infrastructurs. Local services o the State admeenistration are tradeetionally organisit at depairtmental level, whaur the [[Prefect (Fraunce)|Prefect]] represents the govrenment; housomeivver, regions hae gained importance in this regard syne the 2000s, wi some depairtment-level services mergit intae region-level services. Depairtments wur creatit in 1790 as a rational replacement o [[Ancien Régime]] provinces in view o strengthenin naitional unity; amaist aw o them is therefore namit efter rivers, muntains or coasts raither than efter historical or cultural territories, unalike regions, an some o them is commonly referred tae bi their twa-digit [[Postal codes in Fraunce|postal code]] nummer, whilk wis till recently uised for aw vehicle registration plates. They hae inspired seimilar diveesions in mony o Fraunce’s umwhile colonies. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commonscat|Departments of France}} {{Wikipedia books|French departements}} {{Depairtments o Fraunce}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Depairtments O Fraunce}} [[Category:Kintra subdiveesions o Europe|Fraunce 2]] [[Category:Depairtments o Fraunce| ]] [[Category:Fraunce geografie-relatit leets]] [[Category:Leets o kintra subdiveesions|Fraunce, Depairtments]] [[Category:Seicont-level admeenistrative kintra subdiveesions|Depairtments, Fraunce]] [[Category:Subdiveesions o Fraunce]] isaa2r8m2comoayo6gbgm9js9zgvwqf 0 46562 920972 878754 2026-08-17T18:39:40Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = San Cesareo | official_name = Comune di San Cesareo | native_name = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | shield_size = px | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|41|49|N|12|48|E|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = [[Lazio]] | province = [[Province o Roum|Roum]] | frazioni = | mayor_party = | mayor = Angelo Pera (since 2007) | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 22 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 9441 | population_as_of = 2001 | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 312 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = | day = | postal_code = 00030 | area_code = 06 | website = | footnotes = }} '''San Cesareo''' ({{lang-la|Ad Statuas}}<ref>{{Barrington|43, notes}}</ref> or ''Statio ad Statuas'') is a toun an ''[[comune]]'' in the [[province o Roum]]. In auncient times, it wis on the [[Via Labicana]] or [[Via Latina]],<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Y1sbAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=%22Ad+Statuas%22+latium&source=bl&ots=-Fy8ZpLQlT&sig=RbmsTKd5-ktyM28boHMry_Lene4&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result Hazlitt's Classical Gazetteer, p.13]</ref> 18 mile frae [[Roum]]. ==Sports== ===A.S.D. San Cesareo Calcio=== [[A.S.D. San Cesareo Calcio]]<ref>http://www.asdsancesareo.it/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929015543/http://www.asdsancesareo.it/ |date=2012-09-29 }}</ref> is an [[Fitbaa in Italy|Italian association fitbaa]] club, based in this ceety. In the saison 2011-12 the team wis promotit for the first time, frae Eccellenza Lazio/B tae [[Serie D]]. Its colors are reid an blue. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Province o Roum}} cm9s2j4utvw2klln1r9lsusm7na2bxh 921010 920972 2026-08-17T23:03:07Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = San Cesareo | official_name = Comune di San Cesareo | shield_size = px | coordinates = {{coord|41|49|N|12|48|E|display=inline}} | region = [[Lazio]] | province = [[Province o Roum|Roum]] | mayor = Angelo Pera (since 2007) | area_total_km2 = 22 | population_total = 9441 | population_as_of = 2001 | elevation_m = 312 | postal_code = 00030 | area_code = 06 }} '''San Cesareo''' ({{lang-la|Ad Statuas}}<ref>{{Barrington|43, notes}}</ref> or ''Statio ad Statuas'') is a toun an ''[[comune]]'' in the [[province o Roum]]. In auncient times, it wis on the [[Via Labicana]] or [[Via Latina]],<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Y1sbAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=%22Ad+Statuas%22+latium&source=bl&ots=-Fy8ZpLQlT&sig=RbmsTKd5-ktyM28boHMry_Lene4&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result Hazlitt's Classical Gazetteer, p.13]</ref> 18 mile frae [[Roum]]. ==Sports== ===A.S.D. San Cesareo Calcio=== [[A.S.D. San Cesareo Calcio]]<ref>http://www.asdsancesareo.it/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929015543/http://www.asdsancesareo.it/ |date=2012-09-29 }}</ref> is an [[Fitbaa in Italy|Italian association fitbaa]] club, based in this ceety. In the saison 2011-12 the team wis promotit for the first time, frae Eccellenza Lazio/B tae [[Serie D]]. Its colors are reid an blue. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Province o Roum}} sd57b4a8ns8z2fqyyrakutm5oeww8wi 0 49532 920974 911499 2026-08-17T18:40:18Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Anguillara Sabazia | official_name = Città di Anguillara Sabazia | native_name = | image_skyline = Anguillara_Sabazia.jpg | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = Sicht o Anguillara Sabazia on [[Lake Bracciano]]. | image_shield = Anguillara_Sabazia-Stemma.png | shield_alt = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|42|5|N|12|16|E|type:city(16,273)_region:IT|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = [[Lazio]] | province = [[Province o Roum|Roum]] (RM) | frazioni = Fonte Claudia, Stazione, Ponton dell'Elce | mayor_party = | mayor = Francesco Pizzorno | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 74.9 | population_footnotes = <ref name="istat">Aw demographics an ither statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].</ref> | population_total = 17987 | population_as_of = 2008 | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = Anguillarini (born in the ceety), Anguillaresi (comin frae ither places) | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 195 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = [[Saunt Blaise|St. Blaise]] | day = 3 Februar | postal_code = 00061 | area_code = 06 | website = {{official|http://www.comune.anguillara-sabazia.roma.it/}} | footnotes = }} {{Commons|Anguillara Sabazia}} '''Anguillara Sabazia''' is a toun an ''[[comune]]'' in the [[Province o Roum]], [[Lazio]], [[central Italy]], aroond 30&nbsp;km northwast o [[Roum]]. It nestles on a sma cape on the coast o the [[Lake Bracciano]]; its medieval centre an its beach mak it a popular destination for tourists. Anguillara is sert bi a local train (line "FR3", or Roum-Capranica-Viterbo Railroad) whilk connects it wi Roum (stations o [[Roma Ostiense]] an o Valle Aurelia) in aroond 40 minute. Three kilometre east o the toun lees the sma, volcanic [[Lake Martignano]], popular wi tourists an aw. The twa lochs an the surroondin aurie hae been declared a Regional Pairk an are unner a strict naturalistic control. A twa-pairt episode o the American sitcom ''[[Everybody Loves Raymond]]'' wis shot in the toun. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.comune.anguillara-sabazia.roma.it/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117230149/https://www.comune.anguillara-sabazia.roma.it/ |date=2021-01-17 }} {{clear}} {{Province o Roum}} onsdthbulxwzf93nr1thbh5smmdm0v6 921009 920974 2026-08-17T23:02:05Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Anguillara Sabazia | official_name = Città di Anguillara Sabazia | image_skyline = Anguillara_Sabazia.jpg | image_caption = Sicht o Anguillara Sabazia on [[Lake Bracciano]]. | image_shield = Anguillara_Sabazia-Stemma.png | coordinates = {{coord|42|5|N|12|16|E|type:city(16,273)_region:IT|display=inline}} | region = [[Lazio]] | province = [[Province o Roum|Roum]] (RM) | frazioni = Fonte Claudia, Stazione, Ponton dell'Elce | mayor = Francesco Pizzorno | area_total_km2 = 74.9 | population_footnotes = <ref name="istat">Aw demographics an ither statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].</ref> | population_total = 17987 | population_as_of = 2008 | population_demonym = Anguillarini (born in the ceety), Anguillaresi (comin frae ither places) | elevation_m = 195 | saint = [[Saunt Blaise|St. Blaise]] | day = 3 Februar | postal_code = 00061 | area_code = 06 | website = {{official|http://www.comune.anguillara-sabazia.roma.it/}} }} {{Commons|Anguillara Sabazia}} '''Anguillara Sabazia''' is a toun an ''[[comune]]'' in the [[Province o Roum]], [[Lazio]], [[central Italy]], aroond 30&nbsp;km northwast o [[Roum]]. It nestles on a sma cape on the coast o the [[Lake Bracciano]]; its medieval centre an its beach mak it a popular destination for tourists. Anguillara is sert bi a local train (line "FR3", or Roum-Capranica-Viterbo Railroad) whilk connects it wi Roum (stations o [[Roma Ostiense]] an o Valle Aurelia) in aroond 40 minute. Three kilometre east o the toun lees the sma, volcanic [[Lake Martignano]], popular wi tourists an aw. The twa lochs an the surroondin aurie hae been declared a Regional Pairk an are unner a strict naturalistic control. A twa-pairt episode o the American sitcom ''[[Everybody Loves Raymond]]'' wis shot in the toun. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.comune.anguillara-sabazia.roma.it/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117230149/https://www.comune.anguillara-sabazia.roma.it/ |date=2021-01-17 }} {{clear}} {{Province o Roum}} lraoks84vkctih1zchn6erl992y0uc3 0 50754 921077 871203 2026-08-18T10:49:47Z Ziv 115323 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: [[File:Argemone mexicana 02.jpg]] → [[File:Starr 030523-0139 Argemone mexicana.jpg]] Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[c::File:Starr 030523-0139 Argemone mexicana.jpg]] 921077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Papaveraceae | image = Poppy flower, Torcello, Italy.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Papaver rhoeas]]'' | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] | ordo = [[Ranunculales]] | familia = '''Papaveraceae''' | familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]] }} '''Papaveraceae''' {{IPA|papavə'rese}}, informally kent as the puppie faimily, is an economically important [[faimily (biology)|faimily]] o '''30 [[genera]] an aboot 600 [[species]]''' o [[flouerin plant]]s in the order [[Ranunculales]]. The faimily is [[cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]], occurrin in [[temperate]] an [[subtropical]] climates, but almaist unkent in the [[tropics]]. Maist are [[yerbaceous plant]]s, but a few are [[shrub]]s an smaa [[tree]]s. == Description == [[File:Starr 030523-0139 Argemone mexicana.jpg|thumb|right|Mexican prickly puppie - flouer]] The plants mey be annual, biennial, or perennial. Uisually [[yerbaceous]], a few species fairm scrogs or evergreen trees. Thay are [[latex|lactiferous]], producin latex, whilk mey be milky or wattery, coloured or plain. Aw pairts contain a weel-developed duct seestem (thir ducts are cried "laticifers"), producin a milky [[latex]], a wattery white, yellae or reid juice. [[Image:Corn puppie (Papaver rhoeas).jpg|thumb|right|Corn puppie (''Papaver rhoeas'') - flouer]] The semple [[Leaf|leaves]] are alternate or whiles whorled. Thay hae [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]s an are nae enclosed bi a sheath. The leaves are uisually lobed or pinnatifid (i.e. consisting o several nae entirely separate leaflets), or much-dividit. Thare are no [[stipule]]s. The plants are [[Hermaphrodite|hermaphroditic]] an are [[pollination|pollinatit]] maistly bi [[insect]]s (even as flouer nectaries are lackin; [[entomophilous]]), a few bi the wind ([[anemophilous]]). Thare is a distinct [[calyx (botany)|calyx]] an [[Corolla (flouer)|corolla]], except in ''Macleaya'' whaur the corolla is lackin. The flouers is medium-sized or lairge an thay leuk spectacular. The terminal flouers solitar in maist species. In ithers the terminal [[inflorescence]] is cymose or [[Raceme|racemose]]. The flouers is odourless an regular. [[Image:California puppie Eschscholzia californica 02.jpg|thumb|right|Californie puppie]] Thare mony [[stamen]]s, maistly 16 tae 60, arranged in twa separate whorls, the ooter ane wi stamens alternate wi the petals, the inner ane opposite. The gynoecium consists o a compound [[pistil]] wi 2 tae 100 carpels. The [[ovary (plants)|ovary]] is superior an 1-locular. The ovary is athoot a footstalk (sessile) or on a short stem (stipitate). The non-fleshy [[fruit]] is uisually a [[Capsule (fruit)|capsule]], breakin open at maturity tae release the [[seed]]s throu pores (poricidal), or throu the partitions atween the cells (septicidal), or bi means o valves (valvular). The numerous seeds is smaa. Thair nutritive tissue (endosperm) is oily an farinose. The fruit o ''Platystemon'' is a [[schizocarp]]. Naur aw o thir plants contain [[alkaloid]]s. Mony are [[pushion]]ous. [[Argemone mexicana|The Mexican Prickly puppie]] is pushionous if taken internally an mey cause [[edema]] an [[glaucoma]]. Even gif an ainimal, lik a [[gait]], shoud persist in grazin on this plant, nae anly will the ainimal suffer but the lik will be for thaim that drink its [[milk]], acause the pushions is passed alang in the milk. == Taxonomy == The [[APG II seestem]] (2003; unchynged frae the [[APG seestem]] o 1998) places the faimily in the order [[Ranunculales]], in the clade [[eudicots]]. Housomever, APG daes provide for the option tae segregate twa faimilies, as optional segregate. Sicweys, thare twa possible circumscriptions: * Papaveraceae ''sensu lato'', includin the plants that wad itherwise fairm the faimilies [[Fumariaceae]] an [[Pteridophyllaceae]]. (see subfaimilies) * Papaveraceae ''sensu stricto'', excludin thir plants. The faimily ''sensu stricto'' confairms tae the faimily as recognised bi the [[Cronquist seestem]], o 1981 (Cronquist recognised Fumariaceae as separate). This comprises aboot 26 genera an aboot 250 species. The description gien abuin applies tae the faimily in this narra sense. ;Genera in Papaveraceae ''sensu stricto'' [[Image:Starr 010714-0013 Bocconia frutescens.jpg|thumb|right|Tree Puppie (''Bocconia frutescens'')]] [[Image:Argemone.mexicana3web.jpg|thumb|right|Mexican Prickly Puppie - fruit]] {| |- valign="top" | *''[[Arctomecon]]'' *''[[Argemone]]''<br /><small>Prickly puppie</small> *''[[Bocconia]]'' *''[[Canbya]]''<br /><small>Pygmy puppie</small> *''[[Chelidonium]]'' *''[[Dendromecon]]''<br /><small>Bush puppie</small> *''[[Eomecon]]'' *''[[Eschscholzia]]'' *''[[Glaucium]]'' *''[[Hunnemannia]]''<br /><small>Mexican puppie</small> *''[[Hylomecon]]'' *''[[Macleaya]]''<br /><small>Plume puppie</small> | *''[[Meconella]]''<br /><small>Fairy puppie</small> *''[[Meconopsis]]''<br /><small>Blue puppie</small> *''[[Papaver]]''<br /><small>puppie</small> *''[[Platystemon]]''<br /><small>Creamcups</small> *''[[Platystigma]]'' *''[[Roemeria]]'' *''[[Romneya]]'' *''[[Bloodroot|Sanguinaria]]''<br /><small>Bloodroot</small> *''[[Stylomecon]]'' *''[[Stylophorum]]''<br /><small>Celandine puppie</small> |} The single genus transferred whan Pteridophyllaceae is includit in Papaveraceae is : *''[[Pteridophyllum]]'' The 20 genera transferred whan Fumariaceae is includit in Papaveraceae are : {| |- valign="top" | *''[[Adlumia]]'' *''[[Capnoides]]'' *''[[Ceratocapnos]]'' *''[[Corydalis]]'' *''[[Cryptocapnos]]'' *''[[Cysticapnos]]'' *''[[Dactylicapnos]]'' *''[[Dicentra]]'' *''[[Discocapnos]]'' *''[[Ehrendorferia]]'' | *''[[Fumaria]]'' *''[[Fumariola]]'' *''[[Hypecoum]]'' *''[[Ichtyoselmis]]'' *''[[Lamprocapnos]]'' *''[[Platycapnos]]'' *''[[Pseudofumaria]]'' *''[[Rupicapnos]]'' *''[[Sarcocapnos]]'' *''[[Trigonocapnos]]'' |} === Subfaimilies === For discussions o subfaimilies, see Carolan et al. (2006) an Blattner an Kadereit (1999): Eschscholzioideae, Papaveroideae (includin Platystemonoideae), an Chelidonioideae. The twa taxa considered [[subfaimilies]] that hae been considered as separate faimilies is the [[Fumariaceae]] ([[Friedrich von Berchtold|Bercht.]] & [[Jan Svatopluk Presl|J. Presl]], 1820) an the [[Pteridophyllaceae]] ([[Svante Samuel Murbeck|Murb.]], 1912) [[Takenoshin Nakai|Nakai]] ex [[James Lauritz Reveal|Reveal]] & [[Ruurd Dirk Hoogland|Hoogland]], 1991. ==Cultivation== The faimily is weel luved for the strikin flouers, wi mony species grawn as [[ornamental plant]]s, includin [[Californie puppie]] (''Eschscholtzia californica'', the Californie [[state flouer]]), the stunnin blue [[Meconopsis|Himalayan poppies]] (''Meconopsis''), several species o ''Papaver'', an the wildflouer [[bloodruit]]. The faimily conteens the [[opium puppie]] (''Papaver somniferum'') an aw, whilk is the soorce o [[opium]] an [[opiates]], as weel as [[puppie seed]]s uised in [[cuikin]] an [[bakin]], an [[puppieseed ile]]. ==Seembolism== {{Main|puppie}} The opium puppie an corn puppie is seembols, respectively, o sleep an daith. In Great Breetain, Canadae, the Unitit States, an Australie the corn puppie is worn in remembrance o [[Warld War I]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Papaveraceae}} *[http://www.topwalks.net/plants/generos/papaveraceae_01.htm Papaveraceae in Topwalks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706013109/http://topwalks.net/plants/generos/papaveraceae_01.htm |date=2014-07-06 }} * [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/papavera.htm Papaveraceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060320121514/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/papavera.htm |date=2006-03-20 }} [sensu stricto] in L. Watson an M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ ''The families of flowering plants''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/ |date=2007-01-03 }}. * Papaveraceae [sensu lato] in the [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10650 ''Flora of North America''] * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=3465&lvl=3&p=mapview&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser] [sensu stricto] * [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Papaveraceae links at CSDL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080203152151/http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Papaveraceae |date=2008-02-03 }} * [http://flowersinisrael.com/FamPapaveraceae.html Family Papaveraceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011053907/http://flowersinisrael.com/FamPapaveraceae.html |date=2012-10-11 }} Flowers in Israel * *[http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/98/1/141 JAMES C. CAROLAN, INGRID L. I. HOOK, MARK W. CHASE, JOACHIM W. KADEREIT and TREVOR R. HODKINSON. Phylogenetics of Papaver and Related Genera Based on DNA Sequences from ITS Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and Plastid trnL Intron and trnL–F Intergenic Spacers. Annals of Botany 2006 98(1):141-155] * [http://www.springerlink.com/content/mj804g47v7x780wv/ Frank R. Blattner and Joachim W. Kadereit. Morphological evolution and ecological diversification of the forest-dwelling poppies (Papaveraceae: Chelidonioideae) as deduced from a molecular phylogeny of the ITS region. Plant Systematics and Evolution Volume 219, Numbers 3-4 / September, 1999 181-197]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Category:Papaveraceae| ]] [[Category:Eudicot faimilies]] edsum60drti5h6ig620pm2audkjgznd 0 57193 920892 873668 2026-08-17T16:25:27Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920892 wikitext text/x-wiki The classification seestem o the teeps o [[Human settlement|inhabitit localities]] in [[Roushie]], the umwhile [[Soviet Union]], an some ither post-Soviet states haes certain peculiarities compared tae the classification seestems in ither kintras. ==Modren classification in Roushie== Durin the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] time, each o the [[republics o the Soviet Union]], includin the [[Roushie Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], haed its awn legislative documents dealin wi classification o inhabitit localities.<ref>In the Russian SFSR, the issues of the administrative and territorial division, including the system of classification of the inhabited localities, was regulated by the Statute ''On Procedure of Resolving the Issues of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the RSFSR'', approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR on August 17, 1982 ({{lang|ru|Положение "О порядке решения вопросос административно-территориального устройства РСФСР", утверждённое Указом Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 августа 1982&nbsp;г.}})</ref> efter the [[dissolution o the Soviet Union]], the task o developin an maintainin such classification in Roushie wis delegatit tae the [[federal subjects o Roushie|federal subjects]].<ref name="Constitution">Airticles&nbsp;71 an 72 o the [[Constitution o Roushie]] dae no name issues o the admeenistrative an territorial structur amang the tasks handled on the federal level or jointly wi the govrenments o the federal subjects. As such, aw federal subjects pass their awn laws establishin the seestem o the admeenistrative-territorial diveesions on their territories.</ref> While currently there are certain peculiarities tae classifications uised in mony federal subjects, they are all still lairgely based on the seestem uised in the RSFSR. In aw federal subjects, the inhabitit localities are classifeed intae twa major categories: urban an rural.<ref name="Census">See, for example, the [http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls results o the 2002 population Census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025233850/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls |date=2017-10-25 }}</ref> Further diveesions o these categories vary slichtly frae ane federal subject tae another,<ref name="Constitution" /> but they aw follae common trends describit belaw. ===Urban localities=== *'''[[Ceety|Ceeties]]''' an '''[[toun]]s''' ({{lang|ru|город}}, ''gorod''; pl. {{lang|ru|города}}, ''goroda''). Ceeties an touns are classifeed bi their level o jurisdiction ([[raion|destrict]]/federal subject/federal). While the [[Roushie leid]] haes nae separate wirds for "toun" an "ceety" ("{{lang|ru|город}}" is uised for baith), in translation, the wird "ceety" is traditionally appleed tae the urban localities wi a population o at least&nbsp;100,000. *'''[[Urban-teep dounset]]s''' ({{lang|ru|посёлок городского типа}}, ''posyolok gorodskogo tipa''; pl. {{lang|ru|посёлки городского типа}}) is a teep o smawer urban locality. This teep o urban locality wis first introducit in the Soviet Union in 1924, wi the follaein subcategories:<ref>{{lang|ru|Постановление ВЦИК и СНК РСФСР от 15 сентября 1924 г. "Общее положение о городских и сельских поселениях и посёлках"}} (Resolution of the All-Union Executive Committee and the Soviet of People's Commissars of September 15, 1924 ''General Statute on Urban and Rural Settlements'')</ref> **Urban-teep dounset proper—maistly urban population o 3,000–12,000. ***Wirk settlement ({{lang|ru|рабочий посёлок}}, ''rabochy posyolok'')—maistly urban population occupeed in industrial manufactur. ***Suburban (dacha) settlement ({{lang|ru|дачный посёлок}}, ''dachny posyolok'')—typically, a suburban settlement wi simmer [[dacha]]s. ***Resort settlement ({{lang|ru|курортный посёлок}}, ''kurortny posyolok'')—maistly urban population occupeed in services. In 1957, the procedurs for categorizin urban-type settlements wur further refined.<ref>{{lang|ru|Указ Президиума ВС РСФСР от 12 сентября 1957 г. "О порядке отнесения населённых пунктов к категории городов, рабочих и курортных посёлков"}} (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of September 12, 1957 ''On Procedures of Categorizing the Inhabited Localities as Cities, Work and Resort Settlements)</ref> ===Rural localities=== Multiple teeps o rural localities exist, some common through the whole territory o Roushie, some specific tae certain federal subjects. The maist common types include: *'''[[Veelage]]s''' ({{lang|ru|деревня}}, ''derevnya''; pl. {{lang|ru|деревни}}, ''derevni'') *'''[[Veelage#Roushie|Selo]]s''' ({{lang|ru|село}}, ''selo''; pl. {{lang|ru|сёла}}, ''syola''), an aw translatit as veelage *'''(Landwart-teep) settlements''' ({{lang|ru|посёлок (сельского типа)}}, ''posyolok (selskogo tipa)''; pl. {{lang|ru|посёлки (сельского типа)}}). The "landwart-teep" ({{lang|ru|сельского типа}}) designation is addit tae the dounsets the population o which is maistly occupeed in agricultur, while ''posyolok'' ({{lang|ru|посёлок}}) proper indicates a mix o population wirkin in agricultur an industry. *'''[[Stanitsa]]s''' ({{lang|ru|станица}}, ''stanitsa''; pl. {{lang|ru|станицы}}, ''stanitsy'')—historically, a [[Cossack]] rural locality. The name is still currently in uise, wi the basic meanin o "veelage". *'''[[Sloboda]]s''' ({{lang|ru|слобода}}, ''sloboda''; pl. {{lang|ru|слободы}}, ''slobody'')—historically, a settlement freed frae taxes an levies for various raisons. The name is still currently in uise wi the basic meanin o "veelage". *'''[[Khutor]]s''' ({{lang|ru|хутор}}, ''khutor''; pl. {{lang|ru|хутора}}, ''khutora'')—translatit as "[[hamlet (place)|hamlet]]", "[[fermstead]]", or "veelage". *'''Pochinoks''' ({{lang|ru|починок}}, ''pochinok''; pl. {{lang|ru|починки}}, ''pochinki'')—a newly formit rural locality o ane or several faimilies. Pochinoks are established as new dounsets an uisually grow intae lairger veelages as they develop. *In some federal subjects, ethnic terminology is uised in the Roushie leid. Such locality teeps include {{lang|ru|аул}} (''[[aul]]''), {{lang|ru|аал}} (''aal''), an {{lang|ru|кишлак}} (''[[kishlak]]''). ==Historical terms== *'''Krepost''' ({{lang|ru|крепость}}, a [[fortification|fort]]), a fortifeed settlement. A [[Kremlin]], Roushie citadel, is a major ''krepost'' uisually includin a castle an surroondit bi [[posad]]. '''[[Ostrog (fortress)|Ostrog]]''', on the ither haund, wis a mair primitive kynd o ''krepost'' which coud be put up quickly athin rough waws o debarkit pointit timber. *'''[[Posad]]''' ({{lang|ru|посад}}), a medieval suburban settlement. *'''Mestechko''' ({{lang|ru|местечко}}, frae {{lang-pl|miasteczko}}; {{lang-yi|[[shtetl]]}}), a sma toun in [[Western Krai]] annexed durin the [[Pairtitions o Poland]]; typically wi [[Jew]]ish majority.<!--"mestechko" is still in use--> ==See an aw== *[[Subdiveesions o Roushie]] *[[Toun o destrict significance]] *[[Ceety o federal subject significance]] *[[Leet o terms for kintra subdiveesions]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Populatit places in Roushie|*]] [[cv:Пурăну вырăнĕ]] t983iinmdy93mn2ucxw3h574octerbe 920893 920892 2026-08-17T16:26:40Z Lirazelf 27464 /* Modren classification in Roushie */ remuivin red airtins 920893 wikitext text/x-wiki The classification seestem o the teeps o [[Human settlement|inhabitit localities]] in [[Roushie]], the umwhile [[Soviet Union]], an some ither post-Soviet states haes certain peculiarities compared tae the classification seestems in ither kintras. ==Modren classification in Roushie== Durin the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] time, each o the republics o the Soviet Union, includin the [[Roushie Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], haed its awn legislative documents dealin wi classification o inhabitit localities.<ref>In the Russian SFSR, the issues of the administrative and territorial division, including the system of classification of the inhabited localities, was regulated by the Statute ''On Procedure of Resolving the Issues of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the RSFSR'', approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR on August 17, 1982 ({{lang|ru|Положение "О порядке решения вопросос административно-территориального устройства РСФСР", утверждённое Указом Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 августа 1982&nbsp;г.}})</ref> efter the dissolution o the Soviet Union, the task o developin an maintainin such classification in Roushie wis delegatit tae the [[federal subjects o Roushie|federal subjects]].<ref name="Constitution">Airticles&nbsp;71 an 72 o the [[Constitution o Roushie]] dae no name issues o the admeenistrative an territorial structur amang the tasks handled on the federal level or jointly wi the govrenments o the federal subjects. As such, aw federal subjects pass their awn laws establishin the seestem o the admeenistrative-territorial diveesions on their territories.</ref> While currently there are certain peculiarities tae classifications uised in mony federal subjects, they are all still lairgely based on the seestem uised in the RSFSR. In aw federal subjects, the inhabitit localities are classifeed intae twa major categories: urban an rural.<ref name="Census">See, for example, the [http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls results o the 2002 population Census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025233850/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls |date=2017-10-25 }}</ref> Further diveesions o these categories vary slichtly frae ane federal subject tae another,<ref name="Constitution" /> but they aw follae common trends describit belaw. ===Urban localities=== *'''[[Ceety|Ceeties]]''' an '''[[toun]]s''' ({{lang|ru|город}}, ''gorod''; pl. {{lang|ru|города}}, ''goroda''). Ceeties an touns are classifeed bi their level o jurisdiction ([[raion|destrict]]/federal subject/federal). While the [[Roushie leid]] haes nae separate wirds for "toun" an "ceety" ("{{lang|ru|город}}" is uised for baith), in translation, the wird "ceety" is traditionally appleed tae the urban localities wi a population o at least&nbsp;100,000. *'''Urban-teep dounsets''' ({{lang|ru|посёлок городского типа}}, ''posyolok gorodskogo tipa''; pl. {{lang|ru|посёлки городского типа}}) is a teep o smawer urban locality. This teep o urban locality wis first introducit in the Soviet Union in 1924, wi the follaein subcategories:<ref>{{lang|ru|Постановление ВЦИК и СНК РСФСР от 15 сентября 1924 г. "Общее положение о городских и сельских поселениях и посёлках"}} (Resolution of the All-Union Executive Committee and the Soviet of People's Commissars of September 15, 1924 ''General Statute on Urban and Rural Settlements'')</ref> **Urban-teep dounset proper—maistly urban population o 3,000–12,000. ***Wirk settlement ({{lang|ru|рабочий посёлок}}, ''rabochy posyolok'')—maistly urban population occupeed in industrial manufactur. ***Suburban (dacha) settlement ({{lang|ru|дачный посёлок}}, ''dachny posyolok'')—typically, a suburban settlement wi simmer [[dacha]]s. ***Resort settlement ({{lang|ru|курортный посёлок}}, ''kurortny posyolok'')—maistly urban population occupeed in services. In 1957, the procedurs for categorizin urban-type settlements wur further refined.<ref>{{lang|ru|Указ Президиума ВС РСФСР от 12 сентября 1957 г. "О порядке отнесения населённых пунктов к категории городов, рабочих и курортных посёлков"}} (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of September 12, 1957 ''On Procedures of Categorizing the Inhabited Localities as Cities, Work and Resort Settlements)</ref> ===Rural localities=== Multiple teeps o rural localities exist, some common through the whole territory o Roushie, some specific tae certain federal subjects. The maist common types include: *'''[[Veelage]]s''' ({{lang|ru|деревня}}, ''derevnya''; pl. {{lang|ru|деревни}}, ''derevni'') *'''[[Veelage#Roushie|Selo]]s''' ({{lang|ru|село}}, ''selo''; pl. {{lang|ru|сёла}}, ''syola''), an aw translatit as veelage *'''(Landwart-teep) settlements''' ({{lang|ru|посёлок (сельского типа)}}, ''posyolok (selskogo tipa)''; pl. {{lang|ru|посёлки (сельского типа)}}). The "landwart-teep" ({{lang|ru|сельского типа}}) designation is addit tae the dounsets the population o which is maistly occupeed in agricultur, while ''posyolok'' ({{lang|ru|посёлок}}) proper indicates a mix o population wirkin in agricultur an industry. *'''Stanitsas''' ({{lang|ru|станица}}, ''stanitsa''; pl. {{lang|ru|станицы}}, ''stanitsy'')—historically, a Cossack rural locality. The name is still currently in uise, wi the basic meanin o "veelage". *'''Slobodas''' ({{lang|ru|слобода}}, ''sloboda''; pl. {{lang|ru|слободы}}, ''slobody'')—historically, a settlement freed frae taxes an levies for various raisons. The name is still currently in uise wi the basic meanin o "veelage". *'''Khutors''' ({{lang|ru|хутор}}, ''khutor''; pl. {{lang|ru|хутора}}, ''khutora'')—translatit as "hamlet", "fermstead", or "veelage". *'''Pochinoks''' ({{lang|ru|починок}}, ''pochinok''; pl. {{lang|ru|починки}}, ''pochinki'')—a newly formit rural locality o ane or several faimilies. Pochinoks are established as new dounsets an uisually grow intae lairger veelages as they develop. *In some federal subjects, ethnic terminology is uised in the Roushie leid. Such locality teeps include {{lang|ru|аул}} (''[[aul]]''), {{lang|ru|аал}} (''aal''), an {{lang|ru|кишлак}} (''kishlak''). ==Historical terms== *'''Krepost''' ({{lang|ru|крепость}}, a fort), a fortifeed settlement. A Kremlin, Roushie citadel, is a major ''krepost'' uisually includin a castle an surroondit bi posad. '''Ostrog''', on the ither haund, wis a mair primitive kynd o ''krepost'' which coud be put up quickly athin rough waws o debarkit pointit timber. *'''[[Posad]]''' ({{lang|ru|посад}}), a medieval suburban settlement. *'''Mestechko''' ({{lang|ru|местечко}}, frae {{lang-pl|miasteczko}}; {{lang-yi|[[shtetl]]}}), a sma toun in Western Krai annexed durin the Pairtitions o Poland; typically wi [[Jew]]ish majority.<!--"mestechko" is still in use--> ==See an aw== *[[Ceety o federal subject significance]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Populatit places in Roushie|*]] [[cv:Пурăну вырăнĕ]] qt2f78190vaefyfqbsak56saf7c96ts 0 57820 920954 878774 2026-08-17T18:28:39Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Busto Arsizio | official_name = Comune di Busto Arsizio | native_name = | image_skyline = 20071226SMaria.jpg | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = Shrine o ''Santa Maria di Piazza''. | image_shield = Busto Arsizio-Stemma.png | shield_alt = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_map = Map of comune of Busto Arsizio (province of Varese, region Lombardy, Italy).svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Busto Arsizio athin the Province o Varese | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|45|36|N|08|50|E|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = [[Lombardy]] | province = [[province o Varese|Varese]] (VA) | frazioni = Borsano, Sacconago | mayor_party = [[Forza Italia]] | mayor = Emanuele Antonelli | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 30.27 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 81883 | population_as_of = 29 Februar 2010 | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = Bustocchi (for the fowk born in the ceety) or Bustesi (for the fowk no born in the ceety) | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 226 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = San Giovanni Battista an San Michele Arcangelo | day = 24 Juin an 29 September | postal_code = 21052 | area_code = 0331 | website = {{official website|http://www.comune.bustoarsizio.va.it/}} | footnotes = }} '''Busto Arsizio''' ([[Lombard leid|Lombard]]: ''Büsti Grandi'') is a [[ceety]] an ''[[comune]]'', in the [[province o Varese]], in the region o [[Lombardy]], in northren [[Italy]], 25&nbsp;km north o [[Milan]], but anerly {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=on}} frae its north-wastmaist commune o the ceety [[Legnano]]. The economy o Busto Arsizio is mainly based on industrie an commerce. ==History== Despite repeatit claims by [[Lega Nord]] an her local allees aboot a [[Celt]]ic heritage, recent studies seem tae show that the "''bustocchi''"'s ancestors wur [[Ligurs]], cried ‘wild’ bi [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]], ‘marauders an robbers’ bi [[Livy]] an ‘unshaven an hairy’ bi [[Pompeius Tragus]]. They wur guid at wirkin airn an hintle socht efter as mercenar sodgers. A vera remote Ligurie influence is perceptible in the local dialect, [[Bustocco]], slichtly different frae ither [[Wastren Lombard]] varieties, accordin tae local expert Luigi Giavini, author o a vocabular.<ref name="Altro che celti">[http://www2.varesenews.it/articoli/2002/novembre/sud/21-11originibusto.htm ''Altro che celti, sono liguri gli avi dei bustocchi''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060919205813/http://www2.varesenews.it/articoli/2002/novembre/sud/21-11originibusto.htm |date=2006-09-19 }}[[Varesenews]], November 21, 2002</ref> Tradeetionally these first inhabitants uised tae set fire tae firths made o auld an young oaks an black hornbeams, which at that time, covered the whole [[Padan Plain]]. This [[slash-an-burn]] practice, kent as "debbio" in [[Italian leid|Italian]], aimit tae create fields whaur grapevines or cereals such as foxtail, millet an rye wur grown, or juist tae create open spaces whaur stane huts wi thatched ruifs wur biggit. Bi doin this they creatit a ''bustum'' (burnt, in [[Laitin]]), that is a new dounset which, in order tae be distinguisht frae the ither nearbi dounsets, wis assigned a name: ''arsicium'' (again "burnt", or better "arid") for Busto Arsizio, whose name is actually a [[Tautologie (rhetoric)|tautologie]]; ''carulfì'' for nearbi [[Busto Garolfo]], ''cava'' for Busto Cava, later [[Buscate]]. The slow increase in population wis helpit athoot dout bi the [[Insubres]], a [[Gaul]]ish tribe who haed arrivit in successive waves bi crossin the Alps aboot 500 years [[Common Era|BCE]]. It is said that they defeatit the [[Etruscans]], who bi then controlled the aurie, leavin some geographical names ahint (Arno creek -no tae be ramfeeselt wi Florence's river - [[Castronno]], [[Caronno]], [[Biandronno]], etc.) Busto Arsizio's steid wis no chosen randomly: in fact, the dounset wis creatit on a aurie on the route frae [[Milan]] tae [[Loch Maggiore]] (cried "Milan’s road", an alternative route tae the existent [[Sempione]]), pairt o which, afore the creation o the [[Naviglio Grande]], made uise o the navigational watter o the [[Ticino River]]. Housomeivver, naething is sur aboot Busto Arsizio's past till the 10t century, when the toun is first hintit at in documents, awready wi its present name: ''loco Busti qui dicitur Arsizio''. A pairt o the powerful Contado o the Seprio, in 1176 its ceetizens are likely tae hae taken pairt (on baith sides) tae the famous [[Battle o Legnano]], actually focht atween Busto's [[frazione]] o Borsano an nearbi [[Villa Cortese]], when [[Frederick Barbarossa]] wis defeatit bi the Communal militia o the [[Lombard League]]. Frae the 13t century the toun became renouned for its production o textiles. Even its [[feudalism|feudalization]] in later centuries unner several lairds, vassals o the maisters o [[Milan]], did no stop its slow but constant growthe; nor did the [[Bubonic plague|plague]], which hit haurd in 1630, tradeetionally being stoppit bi the Virgin Mary efter the ''bustocchi'', aye a pious [[Catholic]] flock, prayed for respite frae the deadly epidemic. Bi the hauf o the 19t century modren industrie began tae tak ower strangly: in a few decades Busto Arsizio became the so-cried "[[Manchester]] o [[Italy]]. In 1864, while the "bustocco" Eugenio Tosi wis the [[Roman Catholic Airchdiocese o Milan|Airchbishop o Milan]], it wis grantit [[ceety]] privileges bi keeng [[Victor Emmanuel II]] o Italy. The ceety kept on growin for mair nor a century, absorbin the nearbi Comuni o Borsano an Sacconago in 1927 on a major admeenistrative reform implementit bi the [[Kinrick o Italy (1861–1946)|Fascist]] regime, an wis anerly marginally damagit even bi [[Warld War II]] (a single [[Allees|Alleed]] airdroppit bomb is said tae hae hit the train station). This respite wis gien, actually, bi the fact that the toun hostit the important Alleed liaison mission wi the pairtisans, the Chrysler mission, led by Lt. [[Aldo Icardi]], later famous for his involvement in the Holohan Murther Case. Durin the conflict Busto Arsizio wis a major industrial centre o war production, an the occupyin [[Nazi Germany|Germans]] muivit thare the Italian naitional radio. The [[Italian resistance muivement]] resortit preferably tae [[strike action|strike]]s an [[sabotage]] than tae overt [[guerrilla]], syne those willin tae fecht maistly teuk tae the [[Ossola]] muntains, but strenthened in time, sufferin grievous losses tae arrests, torturs an deportation tae the Nazi [[concentration camp|lager]] seestem. The names o [[Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp|Mauthausen-Gusen]] an [[Flossenbürg concentration camp|Flossenburg]] concentration an extermination camps are sadly kent tae the ''bustocchi'', as dozens o their fellae ceetizens dee'd thare. When, on 25 Apryle 1945, the [[Italian resistance muivement|partisans]] teuk ower, Busto Arsizio thus gave voice tae the first free [[radio]] channel in northren Italy syne the advent o [[Fascism]]. Efter the war, the ceety turned in time increasinly on the richt o the poleetical spectrum, as its bigger industries in the Saxties an Seiventies decayed, tae be replacit bi mony familiar smaw enterprises an a new service-based economy. The day the toun represents a major stranghauld for baith [[Forza Italia]] an [[Lega Nord]] richt-wing poleetical pairties. ==Demographics== <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize = width:550 height:373 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:90000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:5000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:1000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1861 text:1861 bar:1871 text:1871 bar:1881 text:1881 bar:1901 text:1901 bar:1911 text:1911 bar:1921 text:1921 bar:1931 text:1931 bar:1936 text:1936 bar:1951 text:1951 bar:1961 text:1961 bar:1971 text:1971 bar:1981 text:1981 bar:1991 text:1991 bar:2001 text:2001 bar:2010 text:2010 PlotData= color:barra width:20 align:left bar:1861 from:0 till: 15720 bar:1871 from:0 till: 16598 bar:1881 from:0 till: 17113 bar:1901 from:0 till: 24291 bar:1911 from:0 till: 31358 bar:1921 from:0 till: 33742 bar:1931 from:0 till: 39841 bar:1936 from:0 till: 42995 bar:1951 from:0 till: 52607 bar:1961 from:0 till: 64367 bar:1971 from:0 till: 78601 bar:1981 from:0 till: 79728 bar:1991 from:0 till: 77094 bar:2001 from:0 till: 75916 bar:2010 from:0 till: 81760 PlotData= bar:1861 at: 15720 fontsize:S text: 15,720 shift:(-8,5) bar:1871 at: 16598 fontsize:S text: 16,598 shift:(-10,5) bar:1881 at: 17113 fontsize:S text: 17,113 shift:(-10,5) bar:1901 at: 24291 fontsize:S text: 24,291 shift:(-10,5) bar:1911 at: 31358 fontsize:S text: 31,358 shift:(-10,5) bar:1921 at: 33742 fontsize:S text: 33,742 shift:(-10,5) bar:1931 at: 39841 fontsize:S text: 39,841 shift:(-10,5) bar:1936 at: 42995 fontsize:S text: 42,995 shift:(-10,5) bar:1951 at: 52607 fontsize:S text: 52,607 shift:(-10,5) bar:1961 at: 64367 fontsize:S text: 64,367 shift:(-10,5) bar:1971 at: 78601 fontsize:S text: 78,601 shift:(-10,5) bar:1981 at: 79728 fontsize:S text: 79,728 shift:(-10,5) bar:1991 at: 77094 fontsize:S text: 77,094 shift:(-10,5) bar:2001 at: 75916 fontsize:S text: 75,916 shift:(-10,5) bar:2010 at: 81431 fontsize:S text: 81,760 shift:(-10,5) TextData= fontsize:S pos:(20,20) text:fonte ISTAT - elaborazione grafica a cura di Wikipedia </timeline> ==Main sichts== [[File:Particolare degli affreschi della Basilica di S. Giovanni Battista (Busto Arsizio).jpg|thumb|Paintins in St. John the Baptist kirk.]] [[File:Chiesa di San Michele Arcangelo.JPG|thumb|Kirk o [[Michael (airchangel)|Saunt Michael Airchangel]].]] The maist important biggins o the ceety are the kirks. In Busto Arsizio thare are several o thaim, biggit in the last millennium. Mony o thaim are reconstructions o umwhile kirks. ===Shrine o ''Santa Maria di Piazza''=== The maist remarkable biggin o the [[Renaissance]] period, indeed the anerly remainin, is the [[shrine]] o ''Santa Maria di Piazza'' ("[[Saunt Mary]] o the Square"), cried ''shrine o the Beata Vergine dell'Aiuto'' ("Blessed Virgin o the Help") an aw. The biggin stends in the ceety centre. It wis biggit atween 1515 an 1522. The veelage o [[Crespi d'Adda]], biggit up for [[Cristoforo Benigno Crespi]], is hame tae a smawer version o the shrine. ===Saunt John the Baptist's kirk=== The kirk o Saunt [[John the Baptist]], in the ceety centre, wis biggit atween 1609 an 1635, but the [[bell touer]] is aulder (atween 1400 an 1418). The façade, feenished in 1701 bi Domenico Valmagini, haes mony statues an decorations. In the interior are numerous o paintins bi [[Daniele Crespi]], a celebratit penter born at Busto Arsizio, such as ''Cristo morto con San Domenico''. The square in front o this kirk wis biggit ower the auncient cemetery. ===Saunt Michael Airchangel's kirk=== The third biggest kirk in the ceety is the Kirk o Saunt Michael Airchangel (San Michele Arcangelo). Its bell touer, biggit in the 10t century, is the auldest biggin in Busto Arsizio; oreeginally it wis pairt o a [[Lombards|Lombard]] fortification. The present kirk wis biggit bi the airchitect [[Francesco Maria Richini]]. In the kirk thare are some [[relic]]s, the maist important o which is the bouk o [[:it:San Felice (martire)|San Felice Martire]]. ===Saunt Roch's kirk=== Biggit up efter the 1485 [[bubonic plague]] an dedicatit tae [[Saunt Roch]], invokit against the plague, it wis rebiggit frae 1706 tae 1713 thanks tae afferins made bi the lawyer [[Carlo Visconti]]. Inside the kirk thare are frescos bi [[Salvatore Bianchi|Salvatore]] an [[Francesco Maria Bianchi]] (1731) an [[Biagio Bellotti]]. ===Museum o Textiles an Industry=== The Museum o Textiles an Industry’s collections are evocative reminders o Busto’s economical history. They explain hou the ceety developit frae a smaw agricultural veelage tae a thrivin, industrial centre o manufacturin an commerce in a few decades. ==Tradeetional festivals== [[File:20080131Giöbia04.jpg|right|thumb|180px|An example o the [[Giöbia]].]] The patron saunts o the ceety are [[John the Baptist|Saunt John the Baptist]] an [[Michael (airchangel)|Saunt Michael Airchangel]], whose feasts are tradeetionally celebratit on 24 Juin an 29 September. In recent times the toun cooncil haes given ceevic relevance tae celebrations that up tae nou wur amaist completely o a releegious kynd an aw. Durin winter it is an establisht tradeetion syne time immemorial the burnin o the [[Giöbia]] (alternative spellin: Giöeubia), a (uisually) female puppet, seembolizin the "chasin" oot o winter an its troubles, an on a mair sinister note, the chynge frae a matriairchal tae a patriairchal society in auncient times. Time ago each faimily prepared its simple puppet tae be burnt, an then its ashes wur dispersed tae fertilize the fields as guid omen.<ref name="Giöbia">[http://www3.varesenews.it/busto/articolo.php?id=64320 ''La Giöbia dai Liguri antichi al Duemila''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113183702/http://www3.varesenews.it/busto/articolo.php?id=64320 |date=2009-01-13 }}[[Varesenews]], January 25, 2007</ref> Nou the celebration is mair organisit an publicly supportit, but still hertily felt bi the populace. ==Muisic== [[Mina (sangster)|Mina]], an [[Italian popular muisic|Italian pop]] starn wis born in Busto Arsizio. Ane o the best Italian violinists, [[Uto Ughi]] wis born an is livin in the ceety. ==Sport== [[File:20081224Speroni(2)m.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Stadium "Carlo Speroni", the hame grund o [[Aurora Pro Patria 1919|Pro Patria]].]] Busto Arsizio is the host for the Federazione Italiana Sport Croquet, the lawns bein locatit at the "Cascina del Lupo" Sporting Centre juist ootside the toun. [[Aurora Pro Patria 1919|Pro Patria Calcio]] [[Association fitbaa|fitbaa]] club plays in Busto Arsizio (at the [[Stadio Carlo Speroni|Carlo Speroni Stadium]]). Pro Patria A.R.C. Busto Arsizio is the [[Sport|athletic]] society. [[Yamamay Busto Arsizio]] is the main [[volleybaa]] society o the ceety an plays in the first naitional diveesion. ==Internaitional relations== {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Italy}} ===Twin touns — Sister ceeties=== Busto Arsizio is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi: *{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Domodossola]], Italy *{{flagicon|France}} [[Épinay-sur-Seine]], Fraunce *{{flagicon|Eritrea}} [[Nacfa]], Eritrea ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category|Busto Arsizio}} *{{it icon}} [http://www.comune.bustoarsizio.va.it/ Busto Arsizio official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029190152/http://www.comune.bustoarsizio.va.it/ |date=2006-10-29 }} {{Province o Varese}} [[Category:Busto Arsizio| ]] hw5pt1h5sd418ayyo2b9wsaal2puklw 921029 920954 2026-08-17T23:19:35Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Busto Arsizio | official_name = Comune di Busto Arsizio | image_skyline = 20071226SMaria.jpg | image_caption = Shrine o ''Santa Maria di Piazza''. | image_shield = Busto Arsizio-Stemma.png | image_map = Map of comune of Busto Arsizio (province of Varese, region Lombardy, Italy).svg | map_caption = Busto Arsizio athin the Province o Varese | coordinates = {{coord|45|36|N|08|50|E|display=inline}} | region = [[Lombardy]] | province = [[province o Varese|Varese]] (VA) | frazioni = Borsano, Sacconago | mayor_party = [[Forza Italia]] | mayor = Emanuele Antonelli | area_total_km2 = 30.27 | population_total = 81883 | population_as_of = 29 Februar 2010 | population_demonym = Bustocchi (for the fowk born in the ceety) or Bustesi (for the fowk no born in the ceety) | elevation_m = 226 | saint = San Giovanni Battista an San Michele Arcangelo | day = 24 Juin an 29 September | postal_code = 21052 | area_code = 0331 | website = {{official website|http://www.comune.bustoarsizio.va.it/}} }} '''Busto Arsizio''' ([[Lombard leid|Lombard]]: ''Büsti Grandi'') is a [[ceety]] an ''[[comune]]'', in the [[province o Varese]], in the region o [[Lombardy]], in northren [[Italy]], 25&nbsp;km north o [[Milan]], but anerly {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=on}} frae its north-wastmaist commune o the ceety [[Legnano]]. The economy o Busto Arsizio is mainly based on industrie an commerce. ==History== Despite repeatit claims by [[Lega Nord]] an her local allees aboot a [[Celt]]ic heritage, recent studies seem tae show that the "''bustocchi''"'s ancestors wur [[Ligurs]], cried ‘wild’ bi [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]], ‘marauders an robbers’ bi [[Livy]] an ‘unshaven an hairy’ bi [[Pompeius Tragus]]. They wur guid at wirkin airn an hintle socht efter as mercenar sodgers. A vera remote Ligurie influence is perceptible in the local dialect, [[Bustocco]], slichtly different frae ither [[Wastren Lombard]] varieties, accordin tae local expert Luigi Giavini, author o a vocabular.<ref name="Altro che celti">[http://www2.varesenews.it/articoli/2002/novembre/sud/21-11originibusto.htm ''Altro che celti, sono liguri gli avi dei bustocchi''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060919205813/http://www2.varesenews.it/articoli/2002/novembre/sud/21-11originibusto.htm |date=2006-09-19 }}[[Varesenews]], November 21, 2002</ref> Tradeetionally these first inhabitants uised tae set fire tae firths made o auld an young oaks an black hornbeams, which at that time, covered the whole [[Padan Plain]]. This [[slash-an-burn]] practice, kent as "debbio" in [[Italian leid|Italian]], aimit tae create fields whaur grapevines or cereals such as foxtail, millet an rye wur grown, or juist tae create open spaces whaur stane huts wi thatched ruifs wur biggit. Bi doin this they creatit a ''bustum'' (burnt, in [[Laitin]]), that is a new dounset which, in order tae be distinguisht frae the ither nearbi dounsets, wis assigned a name: ''arsicium'' (again "burnt", or better "arid") for Busto Arsizio, whose name is actually a [[Tautologie (rhetoric)|tautologie]]; ''carulfì'' for nearbi [[Busto Garolfo]], ''cava'' for Busto Cava, later [[Buscate]]. The slow increase in population wis helpit athoot dout bi the [[Insubres]], a [[Gaul]]ish tribe who haed arrivit in successive waves bi crossin the Alps aboot 500 years [[Common Era|BCE]]. It is said that they defeatit the [[Etruscans]], who bi then controlled the aurie, leavin some geographical names ahint (Arno creek -no tae be ramfeeselt wi Florence's river - [[Castronno]], [[Caronno]], [[Biandronno]], etc.) Busto Arsizio's steid wis no chosen randomly: in fact, the dounset wis creatit on a aurie on the route frae [[Milan]] tae [[Loch Maggiore]] (cried "Milan’s road", an alternative route tae the existent [[Sempione]]), pairt o which, afore the creation o the [[Naviglio Grande]], made uise o the navigational watter o the [[Ticino River]]. Housomeivver, naething is sur aboot Busto Arsizio's past till the 10t century, when the toun is first hintit at in documents, awready wi its present name: ''loco Busti qui dicitur Arsizio''. A pairt o the powerful Contado o the Seprio, in 1176 its ceetizens are likely tae hae taken pairt (on baith sides) tae the famous [[Battle o Legnano]], actually focht atween Busto's [[frazione]] o Borsano an nearbi [[Villa Cortese]], when [[Frederick Barbarossa]] wis defeatit bi the Communal militia o the [[Lombard League]]. Frae the 13t century the toun became renouned for its production o textiles. Even its [[feudalism|feudalization]] in later centuries unner several lairds, vassals o the maisters o [[Milan]], did no stop its slow but constant growthe; nor did the [[Bubonic plague|plague]], which hit haurd in 1630, tradeetionally being stoppit bi the Virgin Mary efter the ''bustocchi'', aye a pious [[Catholic]] flock, prayed for respite frae the deadly epidemic. Bi the hauf o the 19t century modren industrie began tae tak ower strangly: in a few decades Busto Arsizio became the so-cried "[[Manchester]] o [[Italy]]. In 1864, while the "bustocco" Eugenio Tosi wis the [[Roman Catholic Airchdiocese o Milan|Airchbishop o Milan]], it wis grantit [[ceety]] privileges bi keeng [[Victor Emmanuel II]] o Italy. The ceety kept on growin for mair nor a century, absorbin the nearbi Comuni o Borsano an Sacconago in 1927 on a major admeenistrative reform implementit bi the [[Kinrick o Italy (1861–1946)|Fascist]] regime, an wis anerly marginally damagit even bi [[Warld War II]] (a single [[Allees|Alleed]] airdroppit bomb is said tae hae hit the train station). This respite wis gien, actually, bi the fact that the toun hostit the important Alleed liaison mission wi the pairtisans, the Chrysler mission, led by Lt. [[Aldo Icardi]], later famous for his involvement in the Holohan Murther Case. Durin the conflict Busto Arsizio wis a major industrial centre o war production, an the occupyin [[Nazi Germany|Germans]] muivit thare the Italian naitional radio. The [[Italian resistance muivement]] resortit preferably tae [[strike action|strike]]s an [[sabotage]] than tae overt [[guerrilla]], syne those willin tae fecht maistly teuk tae the [[Ossola]] muntains, but strenthened in time, sufferin grievous losses tae arrests, torturs an deportation tae the Nazi [[concentration camp|lager]] seestem. The names o [[Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp|Mauthausen-Gusen]] an [[Flossenbürg concentration camp|Flossenburg]] concentration an extermination camps are sadly kent tae the ''bustocchi'', as dozens o their fellae ceetizens dee'd thare. When, on 25 Apryle 1945, the [[Italian resistance muivement|partisans]] teuk ower, Busto Arsizio thus gave voice tae the first free [[radio]] channel in northren Italy syne the advent o [[Fascism]]. Efter the war, the ceety turned in time increasinly on the richt o the poleetical spectrum, as its bigger industries in the Saxties an Seiventies decayed, tae be replacit bi mony familiar smaw enterprises an a new service-based economy. The day the toun represents a major stranghauld for baith [[Forza Italia]] an [[Lega Nord]] richt-wing poleetical pairties. ==Demographics== <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize = width:550 height:373 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:90000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:5000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:1000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1861 text:1861 bar:1871 text:1871 bar:1881 text:1881 bar:1901 text:1901 bar:1911 text:1911 bar:1921 text:1921 bar:1931 text:1931 bar:1936 text:1936 bar:1951 text:1951 bar:1961 text:1961 bar:1971 text:1971 bar:1981 text:1981 bar:1991 text:1991 bar:2001 text:2001 bar:2010 text:2010 PlotData= color:barra width:20 align:left bar:1861 from:0 till: 15720 bar:1871 from:0 till: 16598 bar:1881 from:0 till: 17113 bar:1901 from:0 till: 24291 bar:1911 from:0 till: 31358 bar:1921 from:0 till: 33742 bar:1931 from:0 till: 39841 bar:1936 from:0 till: 42995 bar:1951 from:0 till: 52607 bar:1961 from:0 till: 64367 bar:1971 from:0 till: 78601 bar:1981 from:0 till: 79728 bar:1991 from:0 till: 77094 bar:2001 from:0 till: 75916 bar:2010 from:0 till: 81760 PlotData= bar:1861 at: 15720 fontsize:S text: 15,720 shift:(-8,5) bar:1871 at: 16598 fontsize:S text: 16,598 shift:(-10,5) bar:1881 at: 17113 fontsize:S text: 17,113 shift:(-10,5) bar:1901 at: 24291 fontsize:S text: 24,291 shift:(-10,5) bar:1911 at: 31358 fontsize:S text: 31,358 shift:(-10,5) bar:1921 at: 33742 fontsize:S text: 33,742 shift:(-10,5) bar:1931 at: 39841 fontsize:S text: 39,841 shift:(-10,5) bar:1936 at: 42995 fontsize:S text: 42,995 shift:(-10,5) bar:1951 at: 52607 fontsize:S text: 52,607 shift:(-10,5) bar:1961 at: 64367 fontsize:S text: 64,367 shift:(-10,5) bar:1971 at: 78601 fontsize:S text: 78,601 shift:(-10,5) bar:1981 at: 79728 fontsize:S text: 79,728 shift:(-10,5) bar:1991 at: 77094 fontsize:S text: 77,094 shift:(-10,5) bar:2001 at: 75916 fontsize:S text: 75,916 shift:(-10,5) bar:2010 at: 81431 fontsize:S text: 81,760 shift:(-10,5) TextData= fontsize:S pos:(20,20) text:fonte ISTAT - elaborazione grafica a cura di Wikipedia </timeline> ==Main sichts== [[File:Particolare degli affreschi della Basilica di S. Giovanni Battista (Busto Arsizio).jpg|thumb|Paintins in St. John the Baptist kirk.]] [[File:Chiesa di San Michele Arcangelo.JPG|thumb|Kirk o [[Michael (airchangel)|Saunt Michael Airchangel]].]] The maist important biggins o the ceety are the kirks. In Busto Arsizio thare are several o thaim, biggit in the last millennium. Mony o thaim are reconstructions o umwhile kirks. ===Shrine o ''Santa Maria di Piazza''=== The maist remarkable biggin o the [[Renaissance]] period, indeed the anerly remainin, is the [[shrine]] o ''Santa Maria di Piazza'' ("[[Saunt Mary]] o the Square"), cried ''shrine o the Beata Vergine dell'Aiuto'' ("Blessed Virgin o the Help") an aw. The biggin stends in the ceety centre. It wis biggit atween 1515 an 1522. The veelage o [[Crespi d'Adda]], biggit up for [[Cristoforo Benigno Crespi]], is hame tae a smawer version o the shrine. ===Saunt John the Baptist's kirk=== The kirk o Saunt [[John the Baptist]], in the ceety centre, wis biggit atween 1609 an 1635, but the [[bell touer]] is aulder (atween 1400 an 1418). The façade, feenished in 1701 bi Domenico Valmagini, haes mony statues an decorations. In the interior are numerous o paintins bi [[Daniele Crespi]], a celebratit penter born at Busto Arsizio, such as ''Cristo morto con San Domenico''. The square in front o this kirk wis biggit ower the auncient cemetery. ===Saunt Michael Airchangel's kirk=== The third biggest kirk in the ceety is the Kirk o Saunt Michael Airchangel (San Michele Arcangelo). Its bell touer, biggit in the 10t century, is the auldest biggin in Busto Arsizio; oreeginally it wis pairt o a [[Lombards|Lombard]] fortification. The present kirk wis biggit bi the airchitect [[Francesco Maria Richini]]. In the kirk thare are some [[relic]]s, the maist important o which is the bouk o [[:it:San Felice (martire)|San Felice Martire]]. ===Saunt Roch's kirk=== Biggit up efter the 1485 [[bubonic plague]] an dedicatit tae [[Saunt Roch]], invokit against the plague, it wis rebiggit frae 1706 tae 1713 thanks tae afferins made bi the lawyer [[Carlo Visconti]]. Inside the kirk thare are frescos bi [[Salvatore Bianchi|Salvatore]] an [[Francesco Maria Bianchi]] (1731) an [[Biagio Bellotti]]. ===Museum o Textiles an Industry=== The Museum o Textiles an Industry’s collections are evocative reminders o Busto’s economical history. They explain hou the ceety developit frae a smaw agricultural veelage tae a thrivin, industrial centre o manufacturin an commerce in a few decades. ==Tradeetional festivals== [[File:20080131Giöbia04.jpg|right|thumb|180px|An example o the [[Giöbia]].]] The patron saunts o the ceety are [[John the Baptist|Saunt John the Baptist]] an [[Michael (airchangel)|Saunt Michael Airchangel]], whose feasts are tradeetionally celebratit on 24 Juin an 29 September. In recent times the toun cooncil haes given ceevic relevance tae celebrations that up tae nou wur amaist completely o a releegious kynd an aw. Durin winter it is an establisht tradeetion syne time immemorial the burnin o the [[Giöbia]] (alternative spellin: Giöeubia), a (uisually) female puppet, seembolizin the "chasin" oot o winter an its troubles, an on a mair sinister note, the chynge frae a matriairchal tae a patriairchal society in auncient times. Time ago each faimily prepared its simple puppet tae be burnt, an then its ashes wur dispersed tae fertilize the fields as guid omen.<ref name="Giöbia">[http://www3.varesenews.it/busto/articolo.php?id=64320 ''La Giöbia dai Liguri antichi al Duemila''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113183702/http://www3.varesenews.it/busto/articolo.php?id=64320 |date=2009-01-13 }}[[Varesenews]], January 25, 2007</ref> Nou the celebration is mair organisit an publicly supportit, but still hertily felt bi the populace. ==Muisic== [[Mina (sangster)|Mina]], an [[Italian popular muisic|Italian pop]] starn wis born in Busto Arsizio. Ane o the best Italian violinists, [[Uto Ughi]] wis born an is livin in the ceety. ==Sport== [[File:20081224Speroni(2)m.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Stadium "Carlo Speroni", the hame grund o [[Aurora Pro Patria 1919|Pro Patria]].]] Busto Arsizio is the host for the Federazione Italiana Sport Croquet, the lawns bein locatit at the "Cascina del Lupo" Sporting Centre juist ootside the toun. [[Aurora Pro Patria 1919|Pro Patria Calcio]] [[Association fitbaa|fitbaa]] club plays in Busto Arsizio (at the [[Stadio Carlo Speroni|Carlo Speroni Stadium]]). Pro Patria A.R.C. Busto Arsizio is the [[Sport|athletic]] society. [[Yamamay Busto Arsizio]] is the main [[volleybaa]] society o the ceety an plays in the first naitional diveesion. ==Internaitional relations== {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Italy}} ===Twin touns — Sister ceeties=== Busto Arsizio is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi: *{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Domodossola]], Italy *{{flagicon|France}} [[Épinay-sur-Seine]], Fraunce *{{flagicon|Eritrea}} [[Nacfa]], Eritrea ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category|Busto Arsizio}} *{{it icon}} [http://www.comune.bustoarsizio.va.it/ Busto Arsizio official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029190152/http://www.comune.bustoarsizio.va.it/ |date=2006-10-29 }} {{Province o Varese}} [[Category:Busto Arsizio| ]] 7qzfdd0hq5ryol4yjv7i33vf6sw5x3z 0 58946 920950 918547 2026-08-17T18:25:59Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Spanish name|Maradona|Franco}} {{Infobox fitbaw biography | name = Diego Maradona | image = Argentina celebrando copa (cropped).jpg | image_size = 250px | image_size = | caption = | fullname = Diego Armando Maradona Franco | birth_date = {{Birth date|1960|10|30|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Lanús]], [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]] | death_date = {{Death date|2020|11|25}} | death_place = [[Tigre]], [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]] | height = {{height|m=1.65}} | position = [[Attackin midfielder]]<br>[[Seicont striker]]<ref name="football-tricks.com">[http://www.football-tricks.com/maradona.html Maradona tricks and skills videos of the best soccer, football players ever] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615014521/http://www.football-tricks.com/maradona.html |date=2012-06-15 }}. Football-tricks.com. Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref><ref>[http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/jonathan_wilson/05/27/argentina.1986/index.html Diego Maradona dominated 1986 World Cup after position switch – Jonathan Wilson – SI.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014162353/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/jonathan_wilson/05/27/argentina.1986/index.html |date=2013-10-14 }}. Sportsillustrated.cnn.com (27 May 2010). Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref><ref>[http://theviewspaper.net/diego-maradona-%E2%80%98the-soccer-guru%E2%80%99/ Diego Maradona: ‘The Soccer Guru’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222239/http://theviewspaper.net/diego-maradona-%E2%80%98the-soccer-guru%E2%80%99/ |date=2013-12-02 }}. The Viewspaper (25 June 2010). Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref><ref>[http://worldsoccer.about.com/od/players/a/Maradonaprofile.htm Diego Maradona – Profile of Soccer Player Diego Maradona] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119054631/http://worldsoccer.about.com/od/players/a/Maradonaprofile.htm |date=2012-11-19 }}. Worldsoccer.about.com. Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref><!--Do not delete second striker, it's well referenced--> | youthyears1 = 1968–1969 | youthyears2 = 1970–1974 | youthyears3 = 1975–1976 | youthclubs1 = ''Estrella Roja'' | youthclubs2 = ''Los Cebollitas'' | youthclubs3 = [[Argentinos Juniors]] | years1 = 1976–1981 | years2 = 1981–1982 | years3 = 1982–1984 | years4 = 1984–1991 | years5 = 1992–1993 | years6 = 1993–1994 | years7 = 1995–1997 | years8 = 2013- | clubs1 = [[Argentinos Juniors]] | clubs2 = [[Boca Juniors]] | clubs3 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | clubs4 = [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]] | clubs5 = [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] | clubs6 = [[Newell's Old Boys]] | clubs7 = [[Boca Juniors]] | caps1 = 193 | goals1 = 147 | caps2 = 31 | goals2 = 13 | caps3 = 29 | goals3 = 11 | caps4 = 112 | goals4 = 45 | caps5 = 13 | goals5 = 1 | caps6 = 9 | goals6 = 1 | caps7 = 37 | goals7 = 3 | totalcaps = 424 | totalgoals = 221 | nationalyears1 = 1979 | nationalteam1 = [[Argentinae naitional unner-20 fitbaw team|Argentinae U20]] | nationalcaps1 = 11 | nationalgoals1 = 17 | nationalyears2 = 1977–1994 | nationalteam2 = [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]] | nationalcaps2 = 75 | nationalgoals2 = 55 | manageryears1 = 1994 | manageryears2 = 1995 | manageryears3 = 2008–2010 | manageryears4 = 2011–2012 | manageryears5 = 2013- | managerclubs1 = [[Textil Mandiyú|Mandiyú de Corrientes]] | managerclubs2 = [[Racing Club de Avellaneda|Racing Club]] | managerclubs3 = [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]] | managerclubs4 = [[Al Wasl FC|Al Wasl]] | medaltemplates = {{medalSport|Player}} {{medalTeam|[[File:Flag of Argentina.svg|20px]] [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]]}} {{medalW|[[FIFA Warld Cup]]|[[1986 FIFA Warld Cup|1986]]}} }} '''Diego Armando Maradona Franco''' ({{IPA-es|ˈdjeɣo maɾaˈðona}}, 30 October 1960-25 November 2020) wis a [[Fitbaa in Argentinae|Argentine fitbaw]] coach as well as a manager an umwhile player. Mony experts, fitball creetics, umwhile players, current players an fitbaw fans consider Maradona tae be the greatest fitbaw player o aw time.<ref>[http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/bestbest.html "The Best of The Best"]. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.com (19 June 2009). Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref><ref>[http://footballpantheon.com/2011/09/the-100-greatest-players-of-all-time/ – "The 100 greatest players of all time"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310170230/http://footballpantheon.com/2011/09/the-100-greatest-players-of-all-time/ |date=2012-03-10 }} The Football Pantheon, 20 September 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.goal.com/en/news/2939/castrol-football-zone/2010/10/23/2176900/castrol-debate-pele-versus-maradona-the-stats-which-reveal – "Castrol Debate: Pele Versus Maradona"]. goal.com, 23 October 2010</ref><ref>Other opinions about Maradona as the greatest player can be found at: <br>[http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/3277/la-liga/2012/07/29/3273490/barcelona-must-match-feats-of-milan-to-be-the-best-ever?source=breakingnews – "Ruud Gullit: Diego Maradona is the best ever in my opinion"]. goal.com, 29 July 2012<br>[http://socceranchor.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=852:diego-maradona-is-the-greatest-of-all-time-barcelonas-lionel-messi-hails-argentina-legend&catid=57:latest-news&Itemid=168 – "Lionel Messi: Diego Maradona is the greatest of all-time"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210155404/http://socceranchor.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=852:diego-maradona-is-the-greatest-of-all-time-barcelonas-lionel-messi-hails-argentina-legend&catid=57:latest-news&Itemid=168 |date=2013-12-10 }}. SoccerAnchor, 7 September 2011<br>[http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-11-12/top-stories/27937248_1_argentine-legend-diego-maradona-pele-argentina – "Rummenigge: Maradona better than Pele"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209030332/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-11-12/top-stories/27937248_1_argentine-legend-diego-maradona-pele-argentina |date=2013-12-09 }}. The Times of India, 12 November 2008<br>[http://maldini3.blogspot.com/2008/07/maradona-best-ever-ronaldo-close-second.html – "Paolo Maldini: Maradona best ever, Ronaldo close second"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208145803/http://maldini3.blogspot.com/2008/07/maradona-best-ever-ronaldo-close-second.html |date=2011-12-08 }} Paolo Maldini fan page, 21 July 2008<br>[http://www.soccerblog.com/2006/03/gary-lineker-messis-no-maradon.htm – "Gary Lineker: Diego has been the best player without a doubt, better than Pele"] SoccerBlog, 25 March 2006<br>[http://www.soccerbible.com/news/general/archive/2010/07/22/glenn-hoddle-exclusive-interview-hummel-football-boots.aspx – "Glenn Hoddle: Diego Maradona is the greatest player of all time"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002084826/http://www.soccerbible.com/news/general/archive/2010/07/22/glenn-hoddle-exclusive-interview-hummel-football-boots.aspx |date=2013-10-02 }}. SoccerBible, 22 July 2010.<br>[http://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/man-utd-icon-giggs-maradona-greatest-1935301 – "Ryan Giggs: Maradona is the best of all time"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016110139/http://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/man-utd-icon-giggs-maradona-greatest-1935301 |date=2011-10-16 }}. tribalfootball, 11 October 2011.<br>[http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=940839.html – "Rio Ferdinand: In my eyes Maradona is the best footballer ever"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208190311/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=940839.html |date=2013-12-08 }}. fifa.com, 7 November 2008<br>[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/columns/story?id=331214&root=global&cc=5901 – "Mario Kempes: Maradona is absolutely the best"]{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ESPN soccernet, 18 April 2005.<br>[http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/Manchester-City-striker-Sergio-Aguero-says-Diego-Maradona-comparisons-are-embarrassing-article788051.html – "Aguero: It is disrespectful to compare me to Maradona"]. Mirro Football, 20 November 2011.<br>[http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/football/scotland/2008/10/30/all-time-greatest-86908-20853123/ – "Frank McGarvey: Diego Maradona was world's best player"]. Daily Record, 30 October 2008.<br>[http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/2008/10/30/i-hope-diego-can-lure-messi-to-hampden-86908-20853116/ – "Gordon Smith: Maradona was the best player I ever saw play the game"]. Daily Record, 30 October 2008.<br>[http://www.centraltelegraph.com.au/story/2012/04/11/maradona-is-best-says-ex-welsh-star/ – "Trevor Edwards: Maradona is best"]{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Central Telegraph, 11 April 2012<br>[http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/features/3554196/Is-Messi-the-best-footballer-EVER.html – "Maradona’s still number one"]. The Sun, 29 April 2011.<br>[http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/teams/team=43922/coach.html – "Considered by many as the greatest football player to have ever walked the face of the earth"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208100142/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/teams/team=43922/coach.html |date=2013-12-08 }}. FIFA.com</ref> He wis jynt [[FIFA Player o the Century|FIFA Player o the 20t Century]] wi [[Pelé]].<ref>[http://en03.touri.com/Berichte/FIFA-Spieler/MalePlayer.pdf FIFA Player of the Century] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426005029/http://en03.touri.com/Berichte/FIFA-Spieler/MalePlayer.pdf |date=2012-04-26 }}. touri.com</ref><ref name="SI">[http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/news/2000/12/10/maradona_pele_ap/ "Maradona or Pele?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218160740/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/news/2000/12/10/maradona_pele_ap/ |date=2014-02-18 }}. CNN Sports Illustrated, 10 December 2000. Retrieved 13 March 2013</ref> On 25 November 2020, Maradona deet o [[cardiac arrest]] at a hame in [[Tigre, Buenos Aires]], Argentina.<ref>{{cite news |title=Diego Maradona: Argentina legend dies aged 60 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54810392 |access-date=25 November 2020 |agency=BBC News}}</ref> ==Club career== ===Argentinos Juniors an Boca Juniors=== On 20 October 1976, Maradona made his profeesional debut wi Argentinos Juniors, ten days afore his saxteent birthday.<ref Name=vivadiego>[http://www.vivadiego.com/biogr.html A SUMMARY OF MARADONA's LIFE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211202737/http://www.vivadiego.com/biogr.html |date=2013-12-11 }} www.vivadiego.com. Retrieved 18 August 2006.</ref> He played thare atween 1976 an 1981, scorin 115 goals in 167 appearances afore his £1m transfer tae [[Boca Juniors]]. Haein jynt the Boca squad midwey throu the 1981 saison, Maradona played throu 1982 earnin his first league championship medal. Whilst playin for Argentinos Juniors, Inglis club [[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]] negotiatit a fee o £600,000 for the 17-year auld but then realised thay coudna afford it.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/transfers/if-only-the-transfer-deals-that-failed-to-materialise-1728989.html?action=gallery&ino=8 "If only... the transfer deals that failed to materialise"]. The Independent. Retrieved 1 April 2013</ref> ===Barcelona=== Efter the [[1982 FIFA Warld Cup|1982 Warld Cup]], in Juin, Maradona wis transferred tae [[FC Barcelona]] in Spain for a then warld record fee o [[£]]5m ($7.6m).<ref Name=vivadiego/> In 1983, unner coach [[César Luis Menotti]], Barcelona an Maradona wan the [[Copa del Rey]] (Spain's annual naitional cup competeetion), beatin [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]], an the [[Spaingie Super Cup]], beatin [[Athletic Bilbao]]. Housomeivver, Maradona haed a difficult tenur in Barcelona.<ref Name=Guardian>[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/osm/story/0,,1677834,00.html That's one hell of a diet, Diego] 8 January 2006. Guardian Newspapers Limited. Retrieved 13 August 2006.</ref> First a bout wi [[hepatitis]], then a breuken ankle caused bi an ill-timit tackle bi Athletic's [[Andoni Goikoetxea Olaskoaga|Andoni Goikoetxea]] threatened wi jeopardizin Maradona's career,<ref Name=vivadiego/> but efter treatment an therapy it wis possible for him tae suin be back on the pitch. Durin his twa injury-hit saisons at Barcelona, Maradona scored 38 goals in 58 gemmes.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040511193905/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/columns/indepth/maradona_indepth.html "Backgrounder: Diego Maradona"]. CBC Sports. Retrieved 14 December 2012</ref> At Barcelona, Maradona got intae frequent disputes wi the team's directors, especially club preses [[Josep Lluís Núñez]], culminatin wi a demand tae be transferred oot o [[Camp Nou]] in 1984. He wis transferred tae [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]] in Italy's [[Serie A]] for anither warld record fee, [[£]]6.9m ($10.48m).<ref>[http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/football/europe/article3325254.ece "Snapshot: Maradona is toast of the town after signing for Napoli"]. The Times. Retrieved 30 March 2013</ref> ===Napoli=== At Napoli, Maradona reached the peak o his profeesional career. He quickly became an adored starn amang the club's fans, an in his time thare he elevatit the team tae the maist successfu era in its history. Led bi Maradona, Napoli wan thair anerly [[Serie A|Serie A Italian Championships]] in 1986/87 an 1989/1990, placin seicont in the league twice, in 1987/88 an 1988/89. Ither honors durin the Maradona era at Napoli includit the [[Coppa Italia]] in 1987, (seicont place in the [[Coppa Italia]] in 1989), the [[UEFA Cup]] in 1989 an the [[SuperCoppa Italiana|Italian Supercup]] in 1990. Maradona wis the top scorer in [[Serie A]] in 1987/88. Durin his time in Italy, Maradona's personal problems increased. His [[cocaine]] uise continued, an he receivit US $70,000 in fines frae his club for missin gemmes an practices, ostensibly acause o 'stress'.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE3D6153EF930A25752C0A967958260 | work=The New York Times | title=SPORTS PEOPLE; Maradona Fined | date=13 January 1991 | accessdate=1 April 2010}}</ref> He faced a scandal thare regardin an illegitimate [[Diego Sinagra|son]]; an he wis the object o some suspicion ower an allegit friendship wi the [[Camorra]] an aw.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/3639425.stm |publisher=BBC News | title=Maradona's fall from grace | date=19 April 2004 | accessdate=1 April 2010 | first=John | last=May}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/after-the-fall-the-world-cup-dream-is-over-for-diego-maradona-but-there-may-be-worse-to-come--a-little-matter-of-pounds-500000worth-of-smuggled-cocaine-and-the-naples-mafia-paul-greengrass-and-toby-follett-report-1411755.html | work=The Independent | location=London | title=After the fall: The World Cup dream is over for Diego Maradona, but there may be worse to come – a little matter of pounds 500,000-worth of smuggled cocaine, and the Naples mafia. Paul Greengrass and Toby Follett report | date=5 July 1994 | accessdate=1 April 2010 | archive-date=2010-06-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604041835/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/after-the-fall-the-world-cup-dream-is-over-for-diego-maradona-but-there-may-be-worse-to-come--a-little-matter-of-pounds-500000worth-of-smuggled-cocaine-and-the-naples-mafia-paul-greengrass-and-toby-follett-report-1411755.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://biography.jrank.org/pages/3138/Maradona-Diego-1961-Athlete-Infamous-Hand-God-Goal.html |title=Diego Maradona: 1961(?)—: Athlete – The Infamous "hand Of God" Goal |publisher=Biography.jrank.org |accessdate=12 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/1999/gennaio/02/Camorra_arrestato_boss_amico_Maradona_co_0_9901021353.shtml |title=Camorra, arrestato il boss amico di Maradona |work=Corriere della Sera |date=24 December 2009 |accessdate=12 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/si_online/news/2002/01/14/prima_dona/ |publisher=CNN |date=14 January 2002 |author=Telander, Rick |title=At his best, Diego Maradona can be as graceful as Michael Jordan. At his worst, he can be as disgraceful as John McEnroe. The question is, which Maradona will show for the World Cup? |access-date=2013-09-12 |archive-date=2012-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103094208/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/si_online/news/2002/01/14/prima_dona/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Later on, in honour o Maradona an his achievements durin his career at Napoli, the No. 10 jersey o Napoli wis offeecially retired.<ref>Landolina, Salvatore. (14 January 2011) [http://www.goal.com/en/news/10/italy/2011/01/14/2305148/diego-maradona-backs-ezequiel-lavezzi-to-earn-napoli-numberl Diego Maradona Backs Ezequiel Lavezzi To Earn Napoli Number 10 Shirt]. Goal.com. Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref> ===Sevilla, Newell's Old Boys an Boca Juniors=== Efter servin a 15-month ban for failin a [[drog test]] for [[cocaine]], Maradona left Napoli in disgrace in 1992. Despite interest frae [[Real Madrid]] o Spain an [[Olympique Marseille]] o Fraunce, he signed for [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] o Spain, whaur he stayed for ane year.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/sport-in-short-football-1533258.html |title=Sport in Short: Football – Sport |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=15 July 1992 |accessdate=6 May 2011 |archive-date=2012-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111052620/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/sport-in-short-football-1533258.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1993 he played for [[Newell's Old Boys]] an in 1995 he returned tae [[Boca Juniors]] for twa years.<ref Name=vivadiego/> Maradona appeared for [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] in a friendly match against [[Inter Milan|Internazionale]] an aw, shortly afore the [[1986 Warld Cup]]. The match wis [[Osvaldo Ardiles]]' testimonial, who insistit his friend Maradona played, which Tottenham wan 2–1. He played alongside [[Glenn Hoddle]], who gae up his nummer ten sark for the Argentine. {{-}} ==International career== Durin his time wi the Argentine naitional team, Maradona scored 34 goals in 91 appearances. He made his full internaitional debut at age 16, against [[Hungary]] on 27 Februar 1977. At age 18, he played the [[1979 FIFA Warld Youth Championship|Warld Youth Championship]] for Argentinae, an wis the starn o the tournament, shinin in thair 3–1 feenal win ower the [[Soviet Union naitional fitbaw team|Soviet Union]]. On 2 Juin 1979, Maradona scored his first senior internaitional goal in a 3–1 win against [[Scotland naitional fitbaw team|Scotland]] at [[Hampden Park]].<ref>MacPherson, Graeme (30 October 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20081207131534/http://www.theherald.co.uk/sport/headlines/display.var.2464361.0.Maradona_to_receive_Hampden_welcome.php Maradona to receive Hampden welcome], ''[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]]''.</ref> He is the anerly player tae win the Golden Ball at baith the [[FIFA U-20 Warld Cup]] an [[FIFA Warld Cup]], in [[1979 FIFA Warld Youth Championship|1979]] an [[1986 FIFA Warld Cup|1986]]. ===1982 Warld Cup=== Maradona played his first [[1982 FIFA Warld Cup|Warld Cup]] tournament in 1982. Argentinae played Belgium in the openin gemme o the 1982 Cup in Barcelona. The Catalan croud wis eager tae see thair new warld-record signin Diego Maradona in action, but he did no perform tae expectations.<ref>[http://www.planetworldcup.com/CUPS/1982/wc82story.html 1982 – Story of Spain '82]. Planet World Cup. Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref> Argentinae, the defendin champions, lost tae [[Belgium naitional fitbaw team|Belgium]] 1–0. Awtho the team convincingly beat [[Hungary naitional fitbaw team|Hungary]] an [[El Salvador naitional fitbaw team|El Salvador]] tae progress tae the seicont roond, thay wur defeatit in the seicont roond bi [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]] an bi eventual winners [[Italy naitional fitbaw team|Italy]]. The Italian match is renouned for Maradona bein aggressively man-markit bi [[Claudio Gentile]], as Italy beat Argentinae in Maradona's new hame ceety o Barcelona.<ref>Brewin, John (9 June 2010) [http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/columns/story?id=792748&cc=5739&ver=global "Diego Maradona: God's gift"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108213751/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/columns/story?id=792748&cc=5739&ver=global |date=2012-11-08 }}. ESPN Soccernet.</ref> Maradona played in aw five matches athoot bein substitutit, scorin twice against Hungary. Efter bein fouled repeatitly in aw gemmes an in pairticularly the last ane against Brazil, Maradona's temper eventually got the better o him an he wis sent aff wi 5 minutes remainin for a serious retaliatory foul against Joao Batista da Silva.<ref>[http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/2943/castrol-debates/2010/06/10/1968569/castrol-world-cup-legends-diego-maradona-1986 "Castrol World Cup Legends: Diego Maradona – 1986"]. Goal.com (10 June 2010). Retrieved 14 December 2012</ref> ===1986 Warld Cup=== Maradona captained the Argentine naitional team tae veectory in the [[1986 FIFA Warld Cup]], winnin the feenal in Mexico against [[Germany naitional fitbaw team|West Germany]]. Throuoot the 1986 Warld Cup Maradona assertit his dominance an wis the maist dynamic player o the tournament. He played ivery minute o ivery Argentinae gemme, scored 5 goals an made 5 assists, three o those in the openin match against Sooth Korea. His first goal o the tournament came against Italy in the seicont group gemme.<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=68/results/matches/match=394/report.html "1986 FIFA World Cup Mexico: Italy – Argentina"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219112642/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=68/results/matches/match=394/report.html |date=2013-12-19 }}. FIFA. Retrieved 14 December 2012</ref> Efter scorin twa goals in the 2–1 quairter-feenal win against [[Ingland naitional fitbaw team|Ingland]] his legend wis cementit. This match wis played wi the backgrund o the [[Falklands War]] atween Argentinae an the Unitit Kinrick. Replays showed that the first [[Goal (sport)|goal]] wis scored bi strikin the baw wi his haund. Maradona wis coyly evasive, describin it as "a little wi the heid o Maradona an a little wi the haund o God." It became kent as the "Haund o God". Ultimately, on 22 August 2005 Maradona acknawledgit on his telly show that he haed hit the baw wi his haund purposely, an nae contact wi his heid wis made, an that he immediately ken the goal wis illegitimate. This became kent as a internaitional fiasco in Warld Cup history. The goal stuid, hintle tae the wrath o the Inglis players.<ref>McCarthy, David (18 November 2008). [http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/football/scotland/2008/11/18/terry-butcher-maradona-robbed-england-of-world-cup-glory-86908-20904447/ Terry Butcher: Maradona robbed England of World Cup glory]. [[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]].</ref> Maradona's seicont goal, juist fower minutes efter the hotly disputit haund-goal, wis later votit bi FIFA as the greatest goal in the history o the World Cup. He receivit the baw in his awn hauf, swivelled aroond, an wi 11 touches ran mair nor hauf the lenth o the field, dribblin past five Inglis ootfield players ([[Peter Beardsley]], [[Steve Hodge]], [[Peter Reid]], [[Terry Butcher]], an [[Terry Fenwick]]) an goalkeeper [[Peter Shilton]]. This goal wis votit "[[Goal of the Century]]" in a 2002 online poll conductit bi [[FIFA]].<ref name=voted/> Maradona later commentit that the goal wad no hae been possible haed it no been for the fairness o the Inglis style o play.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/football/2002/may/30mara.htm|title=Maradona's strike is goal of century|publisher=Rediff.com|date=30 May 2002}}</ref> Maradona follaeed this wi twa mair goals in the semi-feenal against [[Belgium naitional fitbaw team|Belgium]], includin anither virtuoso dribblin display for the seicont goal. In the feenal, the opposin [[Germany naitional fitbaw team|Wast German]] side attemptit tae conteen him bi dooble-markin, but he nivertheless foond the space tae gie the feenal pass tae [[Jorge Burruchaga]] for the winnin goal. [[1986 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|Argentina beat Wast Germany 3–2]] in front o 115,000 spectators at the [[Azteca Stadium]]. Durin the course o the tournament, Maradona attemptit or creatit mair nor hauf o Argentinae's shots, embarkit on 90 dribbles some three times mair nor ony ither player an wis fouled 53 times winnin his team twice as mony free kicks as ony player.<ref>[http://www.castrolfootball.com/legends/tournament/index.php?year=1986l Castrol Worldcup Statistics – Diego Maradona]. Castrolfootball.com. Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">Darby, James. (10 June 2010) [http://www.goal.com/en/news/1863/world-cup-2010/2010/06/10/1968349/castrol-world-cup-legends-diego-maradona-1986l WorldCup Legends: Maradona]. Goal.com. Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref> Maradona scored or assistit 10 o Argentinae's 14 goals includin the assist for the winnin goal in the feenal, ensurin that he wad be remembered as ane o the greatest names in fitbaw history.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> Bi the end o the tournament, Maradona went on tae winnin the Golden Ball as the best player o the tournament bi unanimous vote an wis widely regardit tae hae wan the World Cup virtually single-haunditly.<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>[http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/09/00/fwc_mexico_1986_en_part4_279.pdf Argentina's Road to the World Title] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712084556/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/09/00/fwc%5fmexico%5f1986%5fen%5fpart4%5f279.pdf |date=2018-07-12 }} FIFA. page 43</ref><ref>[http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenball/previouswinners.html "Adidas Golden Ball Winners" from] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517021852/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenball/previouswinners.html |date=2012-05-17 }}. FIFA.com (14 November 2012). Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.fifa.com/newscentre/news/newsid=76134.html Pelé and Maradona – two very different number tens] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208075925/http://www.fifa.com/newscentre/news/newsid=76134.html |date=2014-02-08 }}. FIFA.com (25 January 2001). Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref> In a tribute tae him, the [[Azteca Stadium]] authorities biggit a statue o him scorin the "goal o the century" an placit it at the entrance o the stadium an aw.<ref>[http://worldrec.info/2007/04/28/messis-goal-better-than-maradonas-goal-of-the-century Messi’s Goal Better Than Maradona's Goal of the Century?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609185309/http://worldrec.info/2007/04/28/messis-goal-better-than-maradonas-goal-of-the-century |date=2010-06-09 }} worldrec.info. Retrieved 29–01–09.</ref> ===1990 Warld Cup=== Maradona captained Argentinae again in the [[1990 FIFA Warld Cup]] tae yet anither World Cup Final. An ankle injury affectit his oweraw performance, an he wis hintle less dominant than fower years earlier. Argentinae wur amaist eliminatit in the first roond, anerly qualifyin in third poseetion frae thair group. In the roond o 16 match against [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]], [[Claudio Caniggia]] scored the anerly goal efter bein set up bi Maradona. In the quairter feenal, Argentinae facit [[Yugoslavie naitional fitbaw team|Yugoslavie]], the match endin 0–0 efter 120 minutes, an Argentinae advancin on penalty kicks, despite Maradona missin ane o the penalties in the shuitoot wi a waik shot tae the goalkeeper's richt. The semifeenal against the host naition Italy wis resolvit on penalties efter a 1–1 draw an aw; this time, Maradona wis successfu wi his effort, darinly rollin the ball intae the net wi a amaist exact replica o his missed shot in the previous roond. In the [[1990 FIFA Warld Cup Feenal|feenal]], Argentinae lost 1–0 tae Wast Germany, the anerly goal bein a penalty bi [[Andreas Brehme]] in the 85t minute efter a controversial foul on [[Rudi Völler]]. ===1994 Warld Cup=== At the [[1994 FIFA Warld Cup]] Maradona played in anerly twa gemmes, scorin ane goal against [[Greece naitional fitbaw team|Greece]], afore bein sent hame efter failin a [[drog test]] for [[ephedrine]] [[dopin (sport)|dopin]]. In his autobiografie, Maradona argued that the test result wis due tae his personal trainer giein him the pouer drink Rip Fuel. His claim wis that the U.S. version, unlik the Argentine ane, conteened the chemical an that, haein run oot o his Argentine dosage, his trainer unwittingly bocht the U.S. formula. FIFA expelled him frae USA '94 an Argentinae wur subsequently eliminatit in the seicont roond. Maradona haes separately claimit that he haed an greement wi FIFA an aw, on which the organisation renegit, tae allou him tae uise the drog for wicht loss afore the competeetion in order tae be able tae play.<ref>Hylands, Alan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090330155023/http://worldsoccer.about.com/od/soccerhistory/p/diegomaradona.htm Diego Maradona], about.com.</ref> His failed drogs test at the 1994 World Cup signaled the end o his internaitional career, which haed lastit 17 years an yieldit 34 goals frae 91 gemmes. ==Personal life== ===Faimily=== His parents are Diego Maradona Senior an Dalma Salvadora Franco. His faither is o [[Italian Argentine|Italian]] an [[Indigenous fowks in Argentinae|Native American]] oreegin<ref name="time" /><ref name="thog" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYmJaXXj-7c&t=7m10s |title=True Stories - Maradona 1/7 |date=12 January 2009 |work=1995 UK TV Documentary on Diego Maradona |publisher=YouTube |accessdate=4 July 2010 |quote=his father of Native Indian extraction}}</ref> an his mither is o [[Croats|Croatie]] oreegin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hrsvijet.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6084:maradona-hrvat-qmaradona-je-iz-praputnjaka-a-ne-s-koruleq&catid=30:ostalo&Itemid=24 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-01-07 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924105738/http://www.hrsvijet.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6084:maradona-hrvat-qmaradona-je-iz-praputnjaka-a-ne-s-koruleq&catid=30:ostalo&Itemid=24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Maradona marriet lang-time fiancée Claudia Villafañe on 7 November 1984 in Buenos Aires, an thay haed twa dochters, Dalma Nerea (born 2 Apryle 1987) an Giannina Dinorah (born 16 Mey 1989), bi whom he became a grandfaither in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|author=La Liga |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/722/la-liga/2009/02/19/1117562/diego-maradona-becomes-a-grandfather-as-sergio-aguero-junior-is-b |title=Diego Maradona Becomes A Grandfather As Sergio Aguero Junior Is Born |publisher=Goal.com |date=19 February 2009 |accessdate=12 June 2010}}</ref> In his autobiografie, Maradona admits he wis no aye faithful tae Claudia, even tho he refers tae her as the luve o his life. Maradona an Villafañe divorcit in 2004. Dochter Dalma haes syne asserted that the divorce wis the best solution for aw, as her parents remained on friendly terms. Thay travelled thegither tae Napoli for a series o homages in Juin 2005<ref>[http://espndeportes.espn.go.com/story?id=334497 ESPN Deportes – "Llega en son de paz"]. Retrieved 19 May 2006</ref> an wur seen thegither on mony ither occasions, includin the Argentinae matches durin [[2006 FIFA World Cup]]. Durin the divorce proceedins, Maradona admittit he wis the faither o [[Diego Sinagra]] (born in Naples on 20 September 1986). The Italian courts haed awready sae ruled in 1993, efter Maradona refused tae unnergo DNA tests for pruivin or dispruivin his paternity. Diego Jr. met Maradona for the first time in Mey 2003 efter trickin his wey ontae a gowf course in Italy whaur Maradona wis playin.<ref>[http://espndeportes.espn.go.com/story?id=334523 ESPN Deportes – "El amor al ídolo"]. Retrieved 19 May 2006</ref> [[Diego Sinagra]] is nou a fitbawer playin in Italy.<ref name="Diego Siagra">{{cite web |url=http://www.resport.it/leggi.asp?id=11196&idcat=5&t=n |title=Diego Sinagra |publisher=Resport.it |accessdate=12 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006193326/http://www.resport.it/leggi.asp?id=11196&idcat=5&t=n |url-status=dead }}</ref> Efter the divorce, Claudia embarkit on a career as a theatre producer, an Dalma wis seekin a actin career; she haed expressed her desire tae attend the Actor's Studio in Los Angeles.<ref>[http://www.clarin.com/diario/2005/06/03/espectaculos/c-00811.htm Clarin.com – "Había una vez... un elenco para la selección"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410074620/https://www.clarin.com/ediciones-anteriores/vez-elenco-seleccion_0_S1mz6T_1RFe.html |date=2022-04-10 }}. Retrieved 19 May 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.clarin.com/diario/2005/06/19/sociedad/s-998340.htm Clarin.com – "Dalma Maradona: diario de una princesa"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430011837/http://www.clarin.com/diario/2005/06/19/sociedad/s-998340.htm |date=2010-04-30 }}. Retrieved 19 May 2006</ref> His younger dochter, Giannina, marriet [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] striker [[Sergio Agüero]], wi whom she haes a son, Benjamin, born in Madrid on 19 Februar 2009. In Januar 2013, Agüero an Giannina separatit.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2480410/Diego-Maradona-calls-Sergio-Aguero-wimp-split-daughter.html "Aguero is a wimp! Maradona blasts City star after split from his daughter turns nasty"]. Daily Mail. Retrieved 28 November 2013</ref> His mither, Dalma, dee'd on 19 November 2011. Diego wis in Dubai at the time, an desperately treed tae flee back in time tae see her, but wis too late. She wis 81 year auld. His son Diego Fernando, whom he haed wi his ex lang term pairtner Veronica Ojeda, wis born 13 Februar 2013. ==Career statistics== :''Source'': Club Statistics, at expertfootball.com<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120121091646/http://expertfootball.com/players/maradona/stats.php Club Statistics]. expertfootball.com (archived)</ref> ===Club=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !rowspan="2"|Saison !rowspan="2" width="125"|Club !rowspan="2" width="125"|League !colspan="2"|League !colspan="2"|Cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Ither !colspan="2"|Tot |- !width="40"|Apps !width="40"|Goals !width="40"|Apps !width="40"|Goals !width="40"|Apps !width="40"|Goals !width="40"|Apps !width="40"|Goals !width="40"|Apps !width="40"|Goals |- |[[1976 Argentine Primera División|1976]]||rowspan="5"|[[Argentinos Juniors]]||rowspan="5"|[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] ||0+11||0+2||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||11||2 |- |[[1977 Argentine Primera División|1977]] ||37+12||13+6||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||49||19 |- |[[1978 Argentine Primera División|1978]] ||31+4||22+4||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||35||26 |- |[[1979 Argentine Primera División|1979]] ||14+12||14+12||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||26||26 |- |[[1980 Argentine Primera División|1980]] ||32+13||25+18||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||45||43 |- ! rowspan=1 | Tot ! colspan=2 | [[Argentinos Juniors]] !166||116||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||166||116 |- |[[1981 Argentine Primera División|1981]]||[[Boca Juniors]]||rowspan="1"|[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] ||28+12||17+11||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||40||28 |- |[[1982–83 La Liga|1982–83]]||rowspan="2"|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]||rowspan="2"|[[La Liga]] ||20||11||5||3||4||5||6||4||35||23 |- |[[1983–84 La Liga|1983–84]] ||16||11||4||1||3||3||colspan="2"|–||23||15 |- ! rowspan=1 | Tot ! colspan=2 | [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] !36||22||9||4||7||8||6||4||58||38 |- |[[1984–85 Serie A|1984–85]]||rowspan="7"|[[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]]||rowspan="7"|[[Serie A]] ||30||14||6||3||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||36||17 |- |[[1985–86 Serie A|1985–86]] ||29||11||2||2||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||31||13 |- |[[1986–87 Serie A|1986–87]] ||29||10||10||7||2||0||colspan="2"|–||41||17 |- |[[1987–88 Serie A|1987–88]] ||28||15||9||6||2||0||colspan="2"|–||39||21 |- |[[1988–89 Serie A|1988–89]] ||26||9||12||7||12||3||colspan="2"|–||50||19 |- |[[1989–90 Serie A|1989–90]] ||28||16||3||2||5||0||colspan="2"|–||36||18 |- |[[1990–91 Serie A|1990–91]] ||18||6||3||2||4||2||1||0||26||10 |- ! rowspan=1 | Tot ! colspan=2 | [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]] !188||81||45||29||25||5||1||0||259||115 |- |[[1992–93 La Liga|1992–93]] ||[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]]||[[La Liga]] ||26||5||3||3||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||29||8 |- |[[1993–94 Argentine Primera División|1993–94]]||[[Newell's Old Boys]]||rowspan="4"|[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] ||5||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||5||0 |- |[[1995–96 Argentine Primera División|1995–96]]||rowspan="3"|[[Boca Juniors]] ||11+13||3+2||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||24||5 |- |[[1996–97 Argentine Primera División|1996–97]] ||0+1||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||1||0||2||0 |- |[[1997–98 Argentine Primera División|1997–98]] ||5||2||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||5||2 |- ! rowspan=1 | Tot ! colspan=2 | [[Boca Juniors]] !70||35||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||1||0||71||35 |- ! rowspan=3 | Tot ! colspan=2 | Argentinae !191||151||0||0||0||0||1||0||242||151 |- ! colspan=2 | Spain !62||27||12||7||7||8||6||4||87||56 |- ! colspan=2 | Italy !188||81||45||29||25||5||1||0||259||115 |- ! colspan=3 | Career tot !491||259||57||36||32||13||8||4||588||312 |} *Ither – League Cup (Spain) an Super Cup (Italy)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/maradona-intl.html |title=Diego Armando Maradona – International Appearances |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |accessdate=6 May 2011}}</ref> *His oweraw average o goals scored per match in domestic club competitions is 0.526.<ref>[http://www.goal.com/en/news/1717/editorial/2010/04/07/1867738/goalcom-special-debate-lionel-messi-vs-diego-maradona-so-who "Special Debate: Lionel Messi vs Diego Maradona – So Who Is Better?"]. Goal.com. Retrieved 19 November 2013</ref> ===Internaitional=== *Stairtit in 21 consecutive matches for Argentinae in fower [[FIFA Warld Cup|Warld Cup]]s (1982, 1986, 1990, 1994) *Appeared 16 times as caiptain o the naitional team, a [[FIFA Warld Cup records|Warld Cup-record]]. *Scored 8 goals an providit 8 assists in 21 Warld Cup appearances, includin 5 goals an 5 assists in [[FIFA Warld Cup 1986|1986]] *Tee'd for heichest goal-scr frae Argentinae in Warld Cup feenals (equaled [[Guillermo Stábile]]'s merk in 1994; surpassed bi [[Gabriel Batistuta]] in 1998) *Wis fouled 23 times in the match Argentinae v Italy in the [[1982 Warld Cup]], a single-match Warld Cup-record; *Wis fouled 50 times durin [[1990 Warld Cup]], a single-tournament Warld-Cup record. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! colspan=3 | [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae naitional team]] |- !Year !width="40"|Apps !width="40"|Goals |- |1977 ||3||0 |- |1978 ||1||0 |- |1979 ||8||3 |- |1980 ||10||7 |- |1981 ||2||1 |- |1982 ||10||2 |- |1983 ||-||- |- |1984 ||-||- |- |1985 ||10||6 |- |1986 ||10||7 |- |1987 ||6||4 |- |1988 ||3||1 |- |1989 ||7||0 |- |1990 ||10||1 |- |1991 ||-||- |- |1992 ||-||- |- |1993 ||4||0 |- |1994 ||7||2 |- !Tot||91||34 |} ===Manager=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- !rowspan="2" width="150"|Team !rowspan="2" |Nat !rowspan="2" width="125"|Frae !rowspan="2" width="125"|Tae !colspan="5"|Record |- !width="35"|G !width="35"|W !width="35"|D !width="35"|L !width="50"|Win % |- |align=center|[[Textil Mandiyú|Mandiyú de Corrientes]] |align=center|{{Flagicon|Argentina}} |align=center|Januar 1994 |align=center|Juin 1994 |12||1||5||6||8.33 |- |align=center|[[Racing Club de Avellaneda|Racing Club]] |align=center|{{Flagicon|Argentinae}} |align=center|Mey 1995 |align=center|November 1995 |11||2||3||6||18.18 |- |align=center|[[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]] |align=center|{{Flagicon|Argentina}} |align=center|November 2008 |align=center|Julie 2010 |19||14||0||5||73.68 |- |align=center|[[Al Wasl FC]] |align=center|{{Flagicon|UAE}} |align=center|Mey 2011 |align=center|Julie 2012 |22||7||5||10||31.82 |} ==Honours== ===Club=== {{Flagicon|Argentinae}} '''[[Argentinos Juniors]]''' Runner-up *[[Argentine Primera División]]: [[1980 Argentine Primera División|1980 Metropolitano]] {{Flagicon|Argentinae}} '''[[Boca Juniors]]''' ;Winners *[[Argentine Primera División]]: [[1981 Argentine Primera División|1981 Metropolitano]] Runner-up *[[Argentine Primera División]]: [[1997-98 Argentine Primera División|1997 Apertura]] {{Flagicon|Spain}} '''[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]''' ;Winners *[[Copa del Rey]]: [[1982–83 Copa del Rey|1983]] *[[Copa de la Liga]]: [[Copa de la Liga|1983]] *[[Supercopa de España]]: [[1983 Supercopa de España|1983]] {{Flagicon|Italy}} '''[[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]]''' ;Winners *[[Serie A]] (2): [[1986–87 Serie A|1987]], [[1989–90 Serie A|1990]] *[[Coppa Italia]]: [[1986–87 Coppa Italia|1987]] *[[UEFA Cup]]: [[1989 UEFA Cup Final|1989]] *[[Supercoppa Italiana]]: [[1990 Supercoppa Italiana|1990]] Runner-up *[[Serie A]] (2): [[1987–88 Serie A|1988]], [[1988–89 Serie A|1989]] *[[Coppa Italia]]: [[1988–89 Coppa Italia|1989]] ===Kintra=== '''{{Flagicon|Argentinae}} [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]]''' ;Winners *[[FIFA Warld Youth Championship]]: [[1979 FIFA Warld Youth Championship|1979]] *75t anniversar FIFA Cup: 1979 *[[FIFA Warld Cup]]: [[1986 FIFA Warld Cup|1986]] *[[Artemio Franchi Trophy]]: [[Artemio Franchi Trophy#1993|1993]] Runner-up *[[Sooth American U-20 Championship|Sooth American Youth Championship]]: 1979 *[[FIFA Warld Cup]]: [[1990 FIFA World Cup|1990]] ===Manager=== ===Club=== {{Flagicon|Unitit Arab Emirates}} '''[[Al-Wasl]]''' Runner-up *[[GCC Champions League|Gulf Club Champions League]]: 2012 ===Individual=== *Argentine Primera División top scorers (5): [[1978 Argentine Primera División|1978 Metropolitano]], [[1979 Argentine Primera División|1979 Metropolitano]], [[1979 Argentine Primera División|1979 Nacional]], [[1980 Argentine Primera División|1980 Metropolitano]], [[1980 Argentine Primera División|1980 Nacional]] *[[FIFA U-20 World Cup#Awards|FIFA World Youth Championship Golden Ball]]: [[1979 FIFA World Youth Championship#Awards|1979]] *[[FIFA U-20 World Cup#Golden Shoe|FIFA World Youth Championship Siller Shoe]]: [[1979 FIFA World Youth Championship|1979]] *World Player of the Year ([[Guerin Sportivo]]): 1979 *Argentine Fitbaa Writers' Fitbawer o the Year (4): 1979, 1980, 1981, 1986 *[[Sooth American Fotbawer o the Year]] (2): (offeecial awaird) 1979, 1980 *Olimpia de Oro (2): 1979, 1986 *[[Guerin d'Oro]] (Serie A Fitbawer o the Year): 1985 *Onze de Bronze (2): 1985, 1988 *FIFA World Cup Golden Ball: 1986 *FIFA World Cup Siller Shoe: 1986 *[[FIFA World Cup]] Maist Assists: [[1986 FIFA World Cup|1986]] *FIFA World Cup All-Star Team (2): [[1986 FIFA World Cup|1986]], [[1990 FIFA World Cup#All-star team|1990]] *[[Onze d'Or]] (2): 1986, 1987 *Argentine Sports Writers' Sportsman o the Year: 1986 *L'Équipe Champion of Champions: 1986 *[[United Press International Athlete of the Year Award]]: 1986 *World Soccer Awards Player o the Year:1986 *Sooth American Player o the Year (4): (unoffeecial awaird) 1986, 1989, 1990, 1992 *[[Capocannoniere]] (Serie A top scorer): 1987–88 *[[Coppa Italia]] top scorer: 1987-88 *FIFA World Cup Bronze Ball: [[1990 FIFA World Cup|1990]] *[[Onze d'Or]] (top player o the year for the Onze Mondial French newspaper): 1994 *[[FIFA World Cup All-Time Team]]: 1994 *Golden Ball for services tae fitbaw ([[France Football]]): 1996 *[[World Team of the 20th Century]]: 1998 *World Soccer The Greatest Players of the 20th century: (#2) 1999 *Argentine Sports Writers' Sportsman o the Century: 1999 *[[Marca Leyenda]]: 1999 *Number '''10''' retired bi [[SSC Napoli|Napoli]] fitbaw team as a recognition tae his contreibution tae the club: 2000 *[[FIFA Player o the Century]]: 2000 *[[FIFA Warld Cup]] [[Goal o the Century]] (1986 (2–1) v. Ingland; seicont goal): 2002 *[[FIFA Warld Cup Dream Team]]: 2002 *[[FIFA 100|FIFA 100 Greatest Livin Footballers]]: 2004 *[[Argentine Senate]] ''"Domingo Faustino Sarmiento"'' recognition for lifetime achievement: 2005 * World Soccer ''Greatest XI of all time'': 2013 *[[S.S.C. Napoli#Statistics an records|Napoli aw-time Top Scorer]] ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Diego Maradona}} *{{Official website|http://www.diegomaradona.com/}} {{Navboxes colour |title= Awairds an achievements |bg= gold |list1= {{S-start}} {{S-ach}} {{s-bef|before={{Flagicon|FRG}} [[Karl-Heinz Rummenigge]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[FIFA Warld Cup awairds|FIFA Warld Cup Siller Buit]]|years=[[1986 FIFA Warld Cup|1986]]}} {{s-aft|after={{Flagicon|CZE}} [[Tomáš Skuhravý]]}} {{s-bef|before={{Flagicon|DEN}} [[Preben Elkjær]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Gowden Baw (FIFA)|FIFA Warld Cup Bronze Ball]]|years=[[1990 FIFA Warld Cup|1990]]}} {{s-aft|after={{Flagicon|BUL}} [[Hristo Stoichkov]]}} {{s-bef|before={{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Steve Cram]]}} {{s-ttl|title=United Press International<br>Athlete of the Year|years=1986}} {{s-aft|after={{Flagicon|CAN}} [[Ben Johnson (athlete)|Ben Johnson]]}} {{s-bef|before={{Flagicon|ARG}} [[Hugo Porta]]}} {{s-ttl|title=''[[Olimpia Award|Olimpia de Oro]]''|years=1986}} {{s-aft|after={{Flagicon|ARG}} [[Gabriela Sabatini]]}} {{s-bef|before={{flagicon|URS}} [[Sergey Bubka]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[L'Équipe Champion o Champions]]|years=1986}} {{s-aft|after=<del>''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Ben Johnson (sprinter)|Ben Johnson]]''</del>}} {{S-sports}} {{s-bef|before={{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Paolo Rossi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Warld fitbaw transfer record]]|years=1982–1987}} {{s-aft|after={{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Ruud Gullit]]}} {{S-end}} {{FIFA 100}} {{Argentina Primera Division top scorers}} {{Serie A top scorers}} {{Sooth American Fitbawer o the Year}} {{Argentine Fitbawer o the Year}} {{FIFA U-20 World Cup awards}} {{World Soccer Fitbawer o the Year}} {{FIFA World Cup Winning Captain}} {{FIFA World Cup Golden Ball}} {{Warld Team o the 20t century}} {{1986 FIFA Warld Cup Team o the Toornament}} {{1990 FIFA Warld Cup Team o the Toornament}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title=Argentinae squads |bg=#74ACDF |fg=white |bordercolor=black |list1= {{Argentinae squad 1979 Copa América}} {{Argentinae squad 1982 FIFA Warld Cup}} {{Argentinae squad 1986 FIFA Warld Cup}} {{Argentinae squad 1987 Copa América}} {{Argentinae squad 1989 Copa América}} {{Argentinae squad 1990 FIFA Warld Cup}} {{Argentinae squad 1994 FIFA Warld Cup}} {{Argentinae squad 2010 FIFA Warld Cup}} }} {{Navboxes |title= Diego Maradona managerial Positions |list1= {{Argentinae naitional fitbaw team managers}} {{Racing Club managers}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Maradona, Diego}} [[Category:1982 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:1986 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:1990 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:1994 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:1979 Copa América players]] [[Category:1987 Copa América players]] [[Category:1989 Copa América players]] [[Category:Argentine expatriate sportsfowk in Italy]] [[Category:Argentine expatriate sportsfowk in Spain]] [[Category:Argentinae youth internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentinae internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentinae naitional fitbaw team managers]] [[Category:Argentine fitbaw managers]] [[Category:Argentine fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentine fowk o indigenous fowks strynd]] [[Category:Argentine fowk o Croatie strynd]] [[Category:Argentine fowk o Galicie strynd]] [[Category:Argentine fowk o Italian strynd]] [[Category:Argentine fowk o Spaingie strynd]] [[Category:Argentine sportsfowk in dopin cases]] [[Category:Argentinos Juniors fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw midfielders]] [[Category:Boca Juniors fitbawers]] [[Category:Deifee'd fowk]] [[Category:Dopin cases in association fitbaw]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Italy]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Spain]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbaw managers in the Unitit Arab Emirates]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:FIFA 100]] [[Category:FIFA Warld Cup-winnin caiptains]] [[Category:FIFA Warld Cup-winnin players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup managers]] [[Category:Al Wasl FC fitbaw managers]] [[Category:Indigenous sportsfowk o the Americas]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Native American sportsfowk]] [[Category:Newell's Old Boys fitbawers]] [[Category:Fowk frae Lanús]] [[Category:Fowk frae Lomas de Zamora]] [[Category:Racing Club de Avellaneda managers]] [[Category:S.S.C. Napoli players]] [[Category:Serie A players]] [[Category:Serie A tap scorers]] [[Category:Sevilla FC players]] [[Category:Textil Mandiyú managers]] [[Category:Televeesion talk show hosts]] [[Category:World Soccer Magazine Warld Player o the Year winners]] [[Category:Argentine Primera División players]] [[Category:1960 births]] [[Category:2020 daiths]] [[Category:Argentine expatriate fitbawers]] [[Category:Sooth American Fitbawer o the Year winners]] [[Category:Fowk convictit o drog affenses]] hvzmmo8113xp3ykxrlniq3d25gifqk0 0 66341 920967 920556 2026-08-17T18:37:20Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Ardea | official_name = Comune di Ardea | native_name = | image_skyline = Ardea11.JPG | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = The kirk o St. Peter. | image_shield = | shield_alt = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|41|37|N|12|33|E|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = [[Lazio]] | province = [[Province o Roum|Roum]] | frazioni = Banditella, Nuova Florida, Castagnetta, Castagnola, Centro Regina, Nuova California, Colle Romito, Lido dei Pini, Marina di Ardea, Rio Verde, Tor San Lorenzo, Tor San Lorenzo Lido, Montagnano. | mayor_party = [[The Fowk o Freedom|PdL]] | mayor = [[Luca Di Fiori]] | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 50 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 40010 | population_as_of = February 26, 2007 | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = Ardeatini | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 37 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = [[Saunt Peter]] the Apostle | day = June 29 | postal_code = 00040 | area_code = 06 | website = {{official website|http://www.comune.ardea.rm.it/}} | footnotes = }} '''Ardea''' is a auncient toun an ''[[comune]] ''in the [[province o Roum]], {{convert|35|km|0|abbr=off}} sooth o [[Roum]] an aboot {{convert|4|km|0|abbr=off}} frae the day's [[Mediterranean]] coast. The economy is maistly based on agricultur, awtho, stairtin frae the 1970s, industry haes haed a increasingly important role. [[File:Ardea16.JPG|left|200px|thumb|Ceety gate o Ardea]] ==History== Ardea is ane o the maist auncient touns in wastren Europe, foondit aboot in the 8t century BC wis the caipital o the [[Rutuli]], mentioned in the ''[[Aeneid]]''. Efter the Roman conquest, Ardea wis maist aften mentioned in connection wi the [[Via Ardeatina]], ane o the [[Roman road|consular roads]], tae which it gae its name. [[Columella]] awned a ferm thare. In 509 BC [[Lucius Tarquinius Superbus]], the [[keeng o Roum]] socht unsuccessfully tae tak the toun bi storm, an then commencit a siege o the toun.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unrv.com/bio/lucius-tarquinius-superbus.php |title=Lucius Tarquinius Superbus |publisher=Unrv.com |date=2007-02-01 |accessdate=2013-03-25 |archive-date=2024-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912063852/https://www.unrv.com/bio/lucius-tarquinius-superbus.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Housomeivver the siege wis interrupted bi the revolution which resultit in the owerthrow o the king an the establishment o the [[Roman Republic]]. Ane o the leaders o the revolution, [[Lucius Junius Brutus]], came tae the camp of the Roman airmy at Ardea an wan the airmy's support for the revolution. In 443 BC the [[Volscians]] laid siege tae Ardea. The siege wis suin breuken bi Roman troops unner the leadership o [[Marcus Geganius Macerinus]]. Durin the [[Seicont Punic War]], it wis ane o the few ceeties that refused militar support tae Roum, an, efter the Roman victory, wis deprivit o its autonomy. In the 3rd-2nt centuries BC it decayed till, in the Imperial Age, it wis scarcely populatit at aw. The 1st century agricultural writer [[Columella]] possessed estates thare.<ref name=Millar>{{cite book|last=Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella|title=L. Junius Moderatus Columella of Husbandry, in Twelve Books: and his book, concerning Trees. Translated into English, with illustrations from Pliny, Cato, Varro, Palladius and other ancient and modern authors|year=1745|publisher=A. Millar|location=London|page=130|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qcNbAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> [[File:Ardea12.JPG|left|200px|thumb|A view o the auncient ''agger'']] Efter the faw o the Roman Empire, in the Medieval age, Ardea wis abandoned. It returned tae growthe anerly efter the 9t century AD. Its castle in 1118 hoosit [[Pape Gelasius II]] an wis later contendit amang various feudal barons o the aurie. In 1419 [[Pape Martin V]] assigned it tae his kinsmen, the [[Colonna faimily]], who sauld it in 1564 tae the Cesarini. In 1816 it became a ''[[frazione]]'' o [[Genzano di Roma|Genzano]]. Stairtin frae 1932, the surroondin aurie wis drained an Ardea began tae flourish again, becomin a ''[[frazione]]'' o [[Pomezia]] stairtin frae its foondation aroond 1948 an a unthirlt municipality in 1970. ==Main sichts== Remains o the auncient ceety include the auld defensive ''[[Agger (auncient Roum)|agger]]'', datin tae the 7t century BC an later (4t century BC) updatit tae lairger waws. Airchaeological excavations hae brocht tae licht fower temples, o unkent dedication. Pairt o the pavement o a [[basilica]] (c. 100 BC) hae been foond in the aurie o the auncient Forum an aw. Ither sichts include: *The [[:it:Chiesa di Santa Marina (Ardea)|Kirk o Santa Marina]], erectit in 1191 bi Cencio Savelli, the futur [[Pape Honorius II]]. The interior, on a single nave, wis oreeginally entirely frescoed. *[[Romanesque airchitectur|Romanesque]] [[:it:Chiesa di San Pietro Apostolo (Ardea)|Kirk o San Pietro Apostolo]] (12t century), which wis a possession o the monks o [[San Paolo Fuori le Mura]] o Roum. It incorporates a umwhile watchtouer uised tae coonter [[Saracen]] attacks, nou turned intae a bell touer. It haes 15t-century frescoes an a 16t-century firthen crucifix. *The [[Giardini della Landriana]],<ref>{{cite web |author=il michele |url=http://www.aldobrandini.it/sito/giardi/storia.shtml |title=Stefanina Aldobrandini Ricevimenti |publisher=Aldobrandini.it |date= |accessdate=2013-03-25 |archive-date=2013-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328104947/http://www.aldobrandini.it/sito/giardi/storia.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> designed bi [[Russell Page]]. *[[Giacomo Manzù]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.museomanzu.beniculturali.it/index.php?en%2F1%2Fhome |title=Home - Raccolta Manzù |publisher=Museomanzu.beniculturali.it |date= |accessdate=2013-03-25 |archive-date=2013-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306031921/http://www.museomanzu.beniculturali.it/index.php?en%2F1%2Fhome |url-status=dead }}</ref> Museum, hoosin some 400 wirks o the airtist. *[[Tor San Lorenzo (Ardea)|Tor San Lorenzo]], a touer in the eponymous seaside ''[[frazione]]''. It wis rebuilt in 1570 efter a design bi [[Michelangelo]], in the aurie o a umwhile Palaeo-Christian kirk devotit tae [[St. Lawrence]]. {{commons category|Ardea, Italy}} ==Internaitional relations== {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Italy}} ===Twin touns — Sister ceeties=== Ardea is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: *{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Argos]], [[Greece]] *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Rielasingen-Worblingen]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.comuni-italiani.it/12/gemellaggi.html |title=Italy - Lazio: Towns Twinning |publisher=En.comuni-italiani.it |date=1998-04-26 |accessdate=2013-03-25}}</ref> [[Germany]] ==References== {{reflist}} *[[Livy]],'' [[Ab Urbe Condita]]'' 4.9 ==External links== *http://www.comune.ardea.rm.it/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816160535/http://www.comune.ardea.rm.it/ |date=2007-08-16 }} (offeecial steid) *{{cite web |url=http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/422843 |title=Places: 422843 (Ardea) |author=Quilici, L., S. Quilici Gigli, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies |accessdate=March 8, 2012<!-- 10:45 am -->|publisher=Pleiades}} <br> {{Province o Roum}} s06qh10vvlgc23clde7viwtgztsx0yc 921013 920967 2026-08-17T23:06:07Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Ardea | official_name = Comune di Ardea | image_skyline = Ardea11.JPG | image_caption = The kirk o St. Peter. | coordinates = {{coord|41|37|N|12|33|E|display=inline}} | region = [[Lazio]] | province = [[Province o Roum|Roum]] | frazioni = Banditella, Nuova Florida, Castagnetta, Castagnola, Centro Regina, Nuova California, Colle Romito, Lido dei Pini, Marina di Ardea, Rio Verde, Tor San Lorenzo, Tor San Lorenzo Lido, Montagnano. | mayor_party = [[The Fowk o Freedom|PdL]] | mayor = [[Luca Di Fiori]] | area_total_km2 = 50 | population_total = 40010 | population_as_of = February 26, 2007 | population_demonym = Ardeatini | elevation_m = 37 | saint = [[Saunt Peter]] the Apostle | day = June 29 | postal_code = 00040 | area_code = 06 | website = {{official website|http://www.comune.ardea.rm.it/}} }} '''Ardea''' is a auncient toun an ''[[comune]] ''in the [[province o Roum]], {{convert|35|km|0|abbr=off}} sooth o [[Roum]] an aboot {{convert|4|km|0|abbr=off}} frae the day's [[Mediterranean]] coast. The economy is maistly based on agricultur, awtho, stairtin frae the 1970s, industry haes haed a increasingly important role. [[File:Ardea16.JPG|left|200px|thumb|Ceety gate o Ardea]] ==History== Ardea is ane o the maist auncient touns in wastren Europe, foondit aboot in the 8t century BC wis the caipital o the [[Rutuli]], mentioned in the ''[[Aeneid]]''. Efter the Roman conquest, Ardea wis maist aften mentioned in connection wi the [[Via Ardeatina]], ane o the [[Roman road|consular roads]], tae which it gae its name. [[Columella]] awned a ferm thare. In 509 BC [[Lucius Tarquinius Superbus]], the [[keeng o Roum]] socht unsuccessfully tae tak the toun bi storm, an then commencit a siege o the toun.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unrv.com/bio/lucius-tarquinius-superbus.php |title=Lucius Tarquinius Superbus |publisher=Unrv.com |date=2007-02-01 |accessdate=2013-03-25 |archive-date=2024-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912063852/https://www.unrv.com/bio/lucius-tarquinius-superbus.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Housomeivver the siege wis interrupted bi the revolution which resultit in the owerthrow o the king an the establishment o the [[Roman Republic]]. Ane o the leaders o the revolution, [[Lucius Junius Brutus]], came tae the camp of the Roman airmy at Ardea an wan the airmy's support for the revolution. In 443 BC the [[Volscians]] laid siege tae Ardea. The siege wis suin breuken bi Roman troops unner the leadership o [[Marcus Geganius Macerinus]]. Durin the [[Seicont Punic War]], it wis ane o the few ceeties that refused militar support tae Roum, an, efter the Roman victory, wis deprivit o its autonomy. In the 3rd-2nt centuries BC it decayed till, in the Imperial Age, it wis scarcely populatit at aw. The 1st century agricultural writer [[Columella]] possessed estates thare.<ref name=Millar>{{cite book|last=Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella|title=L. Junius Moderatus Columella of Husbandry, in Twelve Books: and his book, concerning Trees. Translated into English, with illustrations from Pliny, Cato, Varro, Palladius and other ancient and modern authors|year=1745|publisher=A. Millar|location=London|page=130|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qcNbAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> [[File:Ardea12.JPG|left|200px|thumb|A view o the auncient ''agger'']] Efter the faw o the Roman Empire, in the Medieval age, Ardea wis abandoned. It returned tae growthe anerly efter the 9t century AD. Its castle in 1118 hoosit [[Pape Gelasius II]] an wis later contendit amang various feudal barons o the aurie. In 1419 [[Pape Martin V]] assigned it tae his kinsmen, the [[Colonna faimily]], who sauld it in 1564 tae the Cesarini. In 1816 it became a ''[[frazione]]'' o [[Genzano di Roma|Genzano]]. Stairtin frae 1932, the surroondin aurie wis drained an Ardea began tae flourish again, becomin a ''[[frazione]]'' o [[Pomezia]] stairtin frae its foondation aroond 1948 an a unthirlt municipality in 1970. ==Main sichts== Remains o the auncient ceety include the auld defensive ''[[Agger (auncient Roum)|agger]]'', datin tae the 7t century BC an later (4t century BC) updatit tae lairger waws. Airchaeological excavations hae brocht tae licht fower temples, o unkent dedication. Pairt o the pavement o a [[basilica]] (c. 100 BC) hae been foond in the aurie o the auncient Forum an aw. Ither sichts include: *The [[:it:Chiesa di Santa Marina (Ardea)|Kirk o Santa Marina]], erectit in 1191 bi Cencio Savelli, the futur [[Pape Honorius II]]. The interior, on a single nave, wis oreeginally entirely frescoed. *[[Romanesque airchitectur|Romanesque]] [[:it:Chiesa di San Pietro Apostolo (Ardea)|Kirk o San Pietro Apostolo]] (12t century), which wis a possession o the monks o [[San Paolo Fuori le Mura]] o Roum. It incorporates a umwhile watchtouer uised tae coonter [[Saracen]] attacks, nou turned intae a bell touer. It haes 15t-century frescoes an a 16t-century firthen crucifix. *The [[Giardini della Landriana]],<ref>{{cite web |author=il michele |url=http://www.aldobrandini.it/sito/giardi/storia.shtml |title=Stefanina Aldobrandini Ricevimenti |publisher=Aldobrandini.it |date= |accessdate=2013-03-25 |archive-date=2013-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328104947/http://www.aldobrandini.it/sito/giardi/storia.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> designed bi [[Russell Page]]. *[[Giacomo Manzù]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.museomanzu.beniculturali.it/index.php?en%2F1%2Fhome |title=Home - Raccolta Manzù |publisher=Museomanzu.beniculturali.it |date= |accessdate=2013-03-25 |archive-date=2013-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306031921/http://www.museomanzu.beniculturali.it/index.php?en%2F1%2Fhome |url-status=dead }}</ref> Museum, hoosin some 400 wirks o the airtist. *[[Tor San Lorenzo (Ardea)|Tor San Lorenzo]], a touer in the eponymous seaside ''[[frazione]]''. It wis rebuilt in 1570 efter a design bi [[Michelangelo]], in the aurie o a umwhile Palaeo-Christian kirk devotit tae [[St. Lawrence]]. {{commons category|Ardea, Italy}} ==Internaitional relations== {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Italy}} ===Twin touns — Sister ceeties=== Ardea is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: *{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Argos]], [[Greece]] *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Rielasingen-Worblingen]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.comuni-italiani.it/12/gemellaggi.html |title=Italy - Lazio: Towns Twinning |publisher=En.comuni-italiani.it |date=1998-04-26 |accessdate=2013-03-25}}</ref> [[Germany]] ==References== {{reflist}} *[[Livy]],'' [[Ab Urbe Condita]]'' 4.9 ==External links== *http://www.comune.ardea.rm.it/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816160535/http://www.comune.ardea.rm.it/ |date=2007-08-16 }} (offeecial steid) *{{cite web |url=http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/422843 |title=Places: 422843 (Ardea) |author=Quilici, L., S. Quilici Gigli, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies |accessdate=March 8, 2012<!-- 10:45 am -->|publisher=Pleiades}} <br> {{Province o Roum}} agct90jpu31suyh4ins250uje0kw01l 0 66446 920945 911923 2026-08-17T18:18:58Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Real Madrid CF | current = <!-- 2011–12 Real Madrid C.F. season --> | image = Real Madrid CF.svg | image_size = 160px | fullname = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol<ref name="Real Madrid Club de Fútbol">{{cite web | title = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol | url = http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=15 | publisher = Liga de Fútbol Profesional | accessdate = 22 February 2009 | language = Spanish | archive-date = 2012-05-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120521195037/http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=15 | url-status = dead }}</ref> | nickname = {{Nowrap|''Los Blancos'' (The Whites)}} {{Nowrap|''Los Merengues'' (The Meringues)}} {{Nowrap|''Los Vikingos'' (The Vikings)}}<ref name=VIKINGOS>{{cite web |author= |url=http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |title=Los vikingos arrasan Europa |publisher=Ligadecampeones.com |date=23 November 1960 |accessdate=2013-02-18 |archive-date=2014-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015132338/http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!-- Los Galacticos is not a nickname for the club it refers to a group of players only. --> | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1902|03|06}}<br />as ''Madrid Football Club''<ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (I)">{{cite web|title = Pre-history and first official title (1900–1910) | url = http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681095/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_(I).htm | publisher = Realmadrid.com | accessdate =12 July 2008|author=Luís Miguel González}}</ref> | ground = [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Estadio Bernabéu]] | capacity = 83,186<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-19|title=LaLiga bate record histórico de asistencia a los estadios con más de 15 millones de espectadores|url= https://www.laliga.com/noticias/laliga-bate-record-historico-de-asistencia-a-los-estadios-con-mas-de-15-millones-de-espectadores|access-date=2025-12-11|website=LALIGA|language=sp}}</ref> | chrtitle = Preses | chairman = [[Florentino Pérez]] | manager = [[Álvaro Arbeloa]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/announcements/comunicado-oficial-alvaro-arbeloa-12-01-2026|title=Official Announcement: Álvaro Arbeloa |publisher=Real Madrid C.F.|date=2026-01-12|access-date=2026-01-12|language=en}}</ref> | league = {{Spanish football updater|Real Madrid}} | season = 2024–25 | position = {{Spanish football updater|Real Madrid3}} | website = http://www.realmadrid.com | pattern_la1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_b1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_ra1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_sh1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_so1 = _realmadridcf2324hl | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_b2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_ra2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_sh2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_so2 = _realmadridcf2324al | leftarm2 = 000030 | body2 = 000030 | rightarm2 = 000030 | shorts2 = 000030 | socks2 = 000030 | pattern_la3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_b3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_ra3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_sh3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_so3 = _realmadridcf2324tl | leftarm3 = 000000 | body3 = 000000 | rightarm3 = 000000 | shorts3 = 000000 | socks3 = 000000 }} '''Real Madrid Club de Fútbol''' ({{IPA-es|reˈal maˈðɾið ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol<!--Standard Spanish pronunciation, the phoneme /t/ in "fútbol" is voiced and weakened to [ð], see Spanish phonology-->}}; ''Ryal Madrid Fitbaw Club''), commonly kent as '''Real Madrid''', is a professional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]. The club is the warld's richest fitbaw club in terms o revenue, wi an annual turnower o €513&nbsp;million, an the maist valuable sports team, wirth €2.4&nbsp;billion (US$3.3&nbsp;billion).<ref>{{cite web | title = Deloitte Football Money League 2013 | url = http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | publisher = Deloitte UK | accessdate = 30 January 2013 | archive-date = 2013-07-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130730063842/http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams | url = http://www.forbes.com/soccer-valuations/ | publisher = Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2013/07/15/real-madrid-tops-the-worlds-most-valuable-sports-teams/ | title=Real Madrid Tops The World's Most Valuable Sports Teams |date=15 July 2013 |accessdate=13 December 2013 |agency=Forbes| first=Kurt | last=Badenhausen}}</ref> Real Madrid is ane o three foondin members o the [[La Liga|Primera División]] that hae niver been relegatit frae the tap division, alang wi [[Athletic Bilbao]] an [[FC Barcelona]]. Real Madrid hauds mony lang-staundin rivalries, maist notably ''[[El Clásico]]'' wi FC Barcelona an ''El Derbi madrileño'' wi [[Atlético Madrid]]. In domestic fitbaw, Real Madrid haes won a record 36 [[La Liga]] titles, 20 [[Copa del Rey|Copas del Rey]] an 13 [[Supercopa de España|Supercopas de España]].<ref>{{cite web|title = World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History | url = http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12 | accessdate =22 January 2012}}</ref> Internaitionally it haes won a record 15 [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup/UEFA Champions League]] titles an a jynt record five [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cups]], as well as twa [[UEFA Cup]]s, an sax [[UEFA Super Cup]]s. == Honours == === Domestic competeetions === * '''[[La Liga]]''' : '''Winners (36):''' 1931–32, 1932–33, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–6], 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67], 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2016–17, 2019–20, 2021–22, 2023–24 : ''Runners-up (26):'' 1929, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1941–42, 1944–45, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1980–81, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1998–99, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2020–21, 2022–23, 2024–25 * '''[[Copa del Rey]]''' : '''Winners (20):''' 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1917, 1934, 1936, 1946, 1947, 1961–62, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1988–89, 1992–93, 2010–11, 2013–14, 2022–23 : ''Runners-up (20):'' 1903, 1916, 1918, 1924, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1940, 1943, 1958, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1967–1968, 1978–79, 1982–83, 1989–90, 1991–92, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2012–13, 2024–25 * '''[[Supercopa de España]]'''<ref name="rsssf2">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spansupcuphist.html |author=Carnicero, José; Torre, Raúl; Ferrer, Carles Lozano |title=Spain&nbsp;– List of Super Cup Finals |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]] (RSSSF) |date=28 August 2009 |accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> : '''Winners (9):''' 1988, 1989*, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2008, 2012, 2020, 2022, 2024 : ''Runners-up (5):'' 1982, 1995, 2007, 2011, 2014 : <small>(* ''Won Copa del Rey an La Liga'')</small> * '''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]''' (Predecessor tae the [[Supercopa de España]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spansupcuphist.html |title=List of Super Cup Finals |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSF]] |date= |accessdate=18 March 2011}}</ref> : '''Winners (1):''' 1947 * '''[[Copa de la Liga]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spanleagcuphist.html |author=Torre, Raúl |title=Spain&nbsp;– List of League Cup Finals |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]] (RSSSF) |date=29 January 2009 |accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> : '''Winners (1):''' 1984–1985 : ''Runners-up (1):'' 1982–1983 === European competeetions === * '''[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup/UEFA Champions League]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/index.html |title=Champions League history |publisher=[[Union of European Football Associations]] (UEFA) |date= |accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> : '''Winners (15):'''1955–56*, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2021–22, 2023–24 : ''Runners-up (3):'' 1961–62, 1963–64, 1980–81 : <small>(* ''First iver winners'')</small> * '''[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]''' : '''Winners (2):''' 1984–85, 1985–86 * '''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/ecwc/index.html |title=UEFA Cup Winners' Cup |publisher=[[UEFA]] |date= |accessdate=22 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501123433/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/ecwc/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> : ''Runners-up (2):'' 1970–71, 1982–83 * '''[[UEFA Super Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/history/index.html |title=UEFA Super Cup |publisher=[[UEFA]] |accessdate=22 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820032123/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/history/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> : '''Winners (6):''' 2002, [[2014 UEFA Super Cup|2014]], 2016, 2017, 2022, 2024 : ''Runners-up (2):'' 1998, 2000, 2018 === Warldwide competeetions === * '''[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=107/index.html |title=Tournaments |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=22 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516160537/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=107/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> :'''Winners (1) : '''[[2014 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2014]], 2016, 2017, 2022, 2024 * '''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablest/toyota.html |title=Intercontinental Club Cup |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |date=30 April 2005 |accessdate=9 August 2010 |author=Magnani, Loris; Stokkermans, Karel}}</ref> : '''Winners (3):''' 1960*, 1998, 2002 : ''Runners-up (2):'' 1966, 2000 : <small>(* ''First iver winners'')</small> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Real Madrid C.F.}} {{Navboxes | title = Real Madrid relatit airticles | list = {{Real Madrid C.F. squad}} {{Real Madrid C.F. managers}} }} {{La Liga teamlist}} {{G14}} {{ECA}} {{UEFA Champions League winners}} {{UEFA Europa League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{Intercontinental Cup winners}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Real Madrid}} [[Category:Real Madrid CF| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1902]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Madrid]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Spain]] [[Category:Organisations based in Spain wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:1902 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:Unrelegatit association fitbaw clubs]] f9jmgc0ea2u4tftkls19913o09a8lxx 921031 920945 2026-08-17T23:21:01Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Real Madrid CF | current = <!-- 2011–12 Real Madrid C.F. season --> | image = Real Madrid CF.svg | image_size = 160px | fullname = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol<ref name="Real Madrid Club de Fútbol">{{cite web | title = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol | url = http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=15 | publisher = Liga de Fútbol Profesional | accessdate = 22 February 2009 | language = Spanish | archive-date = 2012-05-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120521195037/http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=15 | url-status = dead }}</ref> | nickname = {{Nowrap|''Los Blancos'' (The Whites)}} {{Nowrap|''Los Merengues'' (The Meringues)}} {{Nowrap|''Los Vikingos'' (The Vikings)}}<ref name=VIKINGOS>{{cite web |author= |url=http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |title=Los vikingos arrasan Europa |publisher=Ligadecampeones.com |date=23 November 1960 |accessdate=2013-02-18 |archive-date=2014-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015132338/http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!-- Los Galacticos is not a nickname for the club it refers to a group of players only. --> | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1902|03|06}}<br />as ''Madrid Football Club''<ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (I)">{{cite web|title = Pre-history and first official title (1900–1910) | url = http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681095/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_(I).htm | publisher = Realmadrid.com | accessdate =12 July 2008|author=Luís Miguel González}}</ref> | ground = [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Estadio Bernabéu]] | capacity = 83,186<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-19|title=LaLiga bate record histórico de asistencia a los estadios con más de 15 millones de espectadores|url= https://www.laliga.com/noticias/laliga-bate-record-historico-de-asistencia-a-los-estadios-con-mas-de-15-millones-de-espectadores|access-date=2025-12-11|website=LALIGA|language=sp}}</ref> | chrtitle = Preses | chairman = [[Florentino Pérez]] | manager = [[Álvaro Arbeloa]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/announcements/comunicado-oficial-alvaro-arbeloa-12-01-2026|title=Official Announcement: Álvaro Arbeloa |publisher=Real Madrid C.F.|date=2026-01-12|access-date=2026-01-12|language=en}}</ref> | league = {{Spanish football updater|Real Madrid}} | season = 2024–25 | position = {{Spanish football updater|Real Madrid3}} | website = http://www.realmadrid.com | pattern_la1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_b1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_ra1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_sh1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_so1 = _realmadridcf2324hl | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_b2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_ra2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_sh2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_so2 = _realmadridcf2324al | leftarm2 = 000030 | body2 = 000030 | rightarm2 = 000030 | shorts2 = 000030 | socks2 = 000030 | pattern_la3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_b3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_ra3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_sh3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_so3 = _realmadridcf2324tl | leftarm3 = 000000 | body3 = 000000 | rightarm3 = 000000 | shorts3 = 000000 | socks3 = 000000 }} '''Real Madrid Club de Fútbol''' ({{IPA-es|reˈal maˈðɾið ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol<!--Standard Spanish pronunciation, the phoneme /t/ in "fútbol" is voiced and weakened to [ð], see Spanish phonology-->}}; ''Ryal Madrid Fitbaw Club''), commonly kent as '''Real Madrid''', is a professional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]. The club is the warld's richest fitbaw club in terms o revenue, wi an annual turnower o €513&nbsp;million, an the maist valuable sports team, wirth €2.4&nbsp;billion (US$3.3&nbsp;billion).<ref>{{cite web | title = Deloitte Football Money League 2013 | url = http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | publisher = Deloitte UK | accessdate = 30 January 2013 | archive-date = 2013-07-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130730063842/http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams | url = http://www.forbes.com/soccer-valuations/ | publisher = Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2013/07/15/real-madrid-tops-the-worlds-most-valuable-sports-teams/ | title=Real Madrid Tops The World's Most Valuable Sports Teams |date=15 July 2013 |accessdate=13 December 2013 |agency=Forbes| first=Kurt | last=Badenhausen}}</ref> Real Madrid is ane o three foondin members o the [[La Liga|Primera División]] that hae niver been relegatit frae the tap division, alang wi [[Athletic Bilbao]] an [[FC Barcelona]]. Real Madrid hauds mony lang-staundin rivalries, maist notably ''[[El Clásico]]'' wi FC Barcelona an ''El Derbi madrileño'' wi [[Atlético Madrid]]. In domestic fitbaw, Real Madrid haes won a record 36 [[La Liga]] titles, 20 [[Copa del Rey|Copas del Rey]] an 13 [[Supercopa de España|Supercopas de España]].<ref>{{cite web|title = World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History | url = http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12 | accessdate =22 January 2012}}</ref> Internaitionally it haes won a record 15 [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup/UEFA Champions League]] titles an a jynt record five [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cups]], as well as twa [[UEFA Cup]]s, an sax [[UEFA Super Cup]]s. == Honours == === Domestic competeetions === * '''[[La Liga]]''' : '''Winners (36):''' 1931–32, 1932–33, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–6], 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67], 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2016–17, 2019–20, 2021–22, 2023–24 : ''Runners-up (26):'' 1929, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1941–42, 1944–45, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1980–81, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1998–99, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2020–21, 2022–23, 2024–25 * '''[[Copa del Rey]]''' : '''Winners (20):''' 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1917, 1934, 1936, 1946, 1947, 1961–62, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1988–89, 1992–93, 2010–11, 2013–14, 2022–23 : ''Runners-up (20):'' 1903, 1916, 1918, 1924, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1940, 1943, 1958, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1967–1968, 1978–79, 1982–83, 1989–90, 1991–92, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2012–13, 2024–25 * '''[[Supercopa de España]]'''<ref name="rsssf2">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spansupcuphist.html |author=Carnicero, José; Torre, Raúl; Ferrer, Carles Lozano |title=Spain&nbsp;– List of Super Cup Finals |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]] (RSSSF) |date=28 August 2009 |accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> : '''Winners (9):''' 1988, 1989*, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2008, 2012, 2020, 2022, 2024 : ''Runners-up (5):'' 1982, 1995, 2007, 2011, 2014 : <small>(* ''Won Copa del Rey an La Liga'')</small> * '''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]''' (Predecessor tae the [[Supercopa de España]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spansupcuphist.html |title=List of Super Cup Finals |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSF]] |date= |accessdate=18 March 2011}}</ref> : '''Winners (1):''' 1947 * '''[[Copa de la Liga]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spanleagcuphist.html |author=Torre, Raúl |title=Spain&nbsp;– List of League Cup Finals |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]] (RSSSF) |date=29 January 2009 |accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> : '''Winners (1):''' 1984–1985 : ''Runners-up (1):'' 1982–1983 === European competeetions === * '''[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup/UEFA Champions League]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/index.html |title=Champions League history |publisher=[[Union of European Football Associations]] (UEFA) |date= |accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> : '''Winners (15):'''1955–56*, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2021–22, 2023–24 : ''Runners-up (3):'' 1961–62, 1963–64, 1980–81 : <small>(* ''First iver winners'')</small> * '''[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]''' : '''Winners (2):''' 1984–85, 1985–86 * '''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/ecwc/index.html |title=UEFA Cup Winners' Cup |publisher=[[UEFA]] |date= |accessdate=22 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501123433/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/ecwc/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> : ''Runners-up (2):'' 1970–71, 1982–83 * '''[[UEFA Super Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/history/index.html |title=UEFA Super Cup |publisher=[[UEFA]] |accessdate=22 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820032123/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/history/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> : '''Winners (6):''' 2002, [[2014 UEFA Super Cup|2014]], 2016, 2017, 2022, 2024 : ''Runners-up (2):'' 1998, 2000, 2018 === Warldwide competeetions === * '''[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=107/index.html |title=Tournaments |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=22 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516160537/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=107/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> :'''Winners (1) : '''[[2014 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2014]], 2016, 2017, 2022, 2024 * '''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablest/toyota.html |title=Intercontinental Club Cup |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |date=30 April 2005 |accessdate=9 August 2010 |author=Magnani, Loris; Stokkermans, Karel}}</ref> : '''Winners (3):''' 1960*, 1998, 2002 : ''Runners-up (2):'' 1966, 2000 : <small>(* ''First iver winners'')</small> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Real Madrid C.F.}} {{Navboxes | title = Real Madrid relatit airticles | list = {{Real Madrid C.F. squad}} {{Real Madrid C.F. managers}} }} {{La Liga teamlist}} {{G14}} {{ECA}} {{UEFA Champions League winners}} {{UEFA Europa League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{Intercontinental Cup winners}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Real Madrid}} [[Category:Real Madrid CF| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1902]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Madrid]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Spain]] [[Category:Organisations based in Spain wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:1902 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:Unrelegatit association fitbaw clubs]] 3egmzc26unf02geljxvgf5dfr9j8758 0 66463 920961 901732 2026-08-17T18:32:49Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtins 920961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Barcelona | image = FC Barcelona (crest).svg | image_size = 200px | fullname = Futbol Club Barcelona<!--in Catalan, futbol does not have an accent over "u"--> | nickname = ''Barça'' (team)<br />''Culés'' or ''Barcelonistas'' (supporters)<br />''Blaugranas'' or ''Azulgranas''<!--in Catalan, it is always blaugrana (singular) or blaugranas (plural), while in Spanish the Catalan word "blaugrana" is often used as well as the Spanish word "azulgrana"--> (supporters) | motto = Més que un club | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1899|11|29}}<br />as ''Foot-Ball Club Barcelona'' | ground = [[Camp Nou]] | capacity = 99,354<ref name="stadium">[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/facilites-and-services/camp_nou Camp Nou] – FC Barcelona Official Page</ref> | chrtitle = Preses | chairman = [[Joan Laporta]] | manager = [[Xavi]] | league = {{Spanish football updater|Barcelona}} | season = 2022–23 | position = [[La Liga]], 1st o 20 (champions) | website = http://www.fcbarcelona.com | pattern_la1 = _fcbarcelona2425h | pattern_b1 = _fcbarcelona2425h | pattern_ra1 = _fcbarcelona2425h | pattern_sh1 = _fcbarcelona2425h | leftarm1 = BF0030 | body1 = 00009F | rightarm1 = BF0030 | shorts1 = 00006A | socks1 = 00006A | pattern_la2 = _fcbarcelona2425a | pattern_b2 = _fcbarcelona2425a | pattern_ra2 = _fcbarcelona2425a | pattern_sh2 = _fcbarcelona2425a | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = 000000 | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_la3 = _fcbarcelona2425t | pattern_b3 = _fcbarcelona2425t | pattern_ra3 = _fcbarcelona2425t | pattern_sh3 = _fcbarcelona2425t | leftarm3 = B8F09B | body3 = B8F09B | rightarm3 = B8F09B | shorts3 = B8F09B | socks3 = B8F09B }} '''Futbol Club Barcelona''' ({{IPA-ca|fubˈbɔɫ ˈkɫub bərsəˈɫonə|-|Futbol Club Barcelona - name.ogg}}), kent as '''Barcelona''' an familiarly as '''Barça''' an aw,<ref>Pronooncit {{IPA-ca|ˈbar.sə|}}.</ref> is a perfaisional [[Fitbaw team|fitbaw club]], based in [[Barcelona]], Catalonie, Spain. Foondit in 1899 bi a group o Swiss, Inglis an Catalan fitbawers led bi [[Joan Gamper]], the club haes become a seembol o Catalan cultur an [[Catalanism]], hence the motto ''"Més que un club"'' (Mair nor a club). Unlike mony ither fitbaw clubs, the [[Supporters o FC Barcelona|supporters]] awn an operate Barcelona. It is the warld's seicont-richest fitbaw club in terms o revenue, wi a annual turnover o $613 million an the third maist valuable sports team, worth $2.6 billion.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2013/07/15/real-madrid-tops-the-worlds-most-valuable-sports-teams/ |title=Real Madrid Tops The World's Most Valuable Sports Teams |date=July 15, 2013 |accessdate=January 6, 2014|agency=Forbes| first=Kurt | last=Badenhausen}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Deloitte Football Money League 2013 | url = http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | publisher = Deloitte UK | accessdate = 30 January 2013 | archive-date = 2013-07-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130730063842/http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> The offeecial Barcelona anthem is the "[[Cant del Barça]]", written bi Jaume Picas an [[Josep Maria Espinàs]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/simbols/himne.html|title= FC Barcelona Hymn| publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> Barcelona is the [[Fitbaw records in Spain|maist successful club in Spain]], in terms o oweraw offeecial titles wan (80). Barcelona wis rankit first in the 'All-Time Club World Ranking' bi [[IFFHS]], on 31 Dizember 2009,<ref>{{cite web|title=All-Time Club World Ranking, by International Federation of Football History & Statistics|url=http://www.iffhs.de/?3d4d443d0b803e8b40384c00205fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedbe1a|access-date=2014-01-15|archive-date=2013-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132701/http://www.iffhs.de/?3d4d443d0b803e8b40384c00205fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedbe1a|url-status=dead}}</ref> an is currently placit on top o the UEFA club rankins an aw.<ref>{{cite web|title=UEFA club coefficients 2013/14|url=http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html}}</ref> They wan 22 [[La Liga]], 26 [[Copa del Rey]], 11 [[Supercopa de España]], 3 [[Copa Eva Duarte]]<ref name="The 1953">The [[Copa Eva Duarte]] wis anerly recognisit an organisit wi that name bi the RFEF frae 1947 till 1953, an tharefore Barcelona's "Copa de Oro Argentina" win o 1945 is no includit in this coont, i.e. anerly the 1948, 1952 an 1953 trophies are.</ref> an 2 [[Copa de la Liga]] trophies, as well as bein the record haulder for the latter fower competeetions. In internaitional club fitbaw, Barcelona haes wan fower [[UEFA Champions League]], a record fower [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]], fower [[UEFA Super Cup]], a record three [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]]<ref>Considered a major title by FIFA (see FIFA.com F.C. Barcelona's profile at http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club=44217/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106144603/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club%3D44217/ |date=2012-01-06 }}) but generally not an official title, as the competition was not organised by [[UEFA]]</ref> an a record twa [[FIFA Club Warld Cup]] trophies.<ref name="Football Europe: FC Barcelona">{{cite web|url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/footballeurope/club=50080/domestic.html|title=Football Europe: FC Barcelona|publisher=[[Union of European Football Associations]] (UEFA)|accessdate=4 May 2009|archive-date=2010-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603054639/http://en.archive.uefa.com/footballeurope/club%3D50080/domestic.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The club haes a lang-staundin rivalry wi [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]; matches atween the twa teams are referred tae as "[[El Clásico]]". ==Honours== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;" !style="width: 1%;"|Teep !style="width: 5%;"|Competition !style="width: 1%;"|Titles !style="width: 21%;"|Seasons |- |rowspan="5" |'''Domestic''' ! scope=col|[[La Liga]] |align="center"|26 | [[1929 La Liga|1929]], [[1944–45 La Liga|1944–45]], [[1947–48 La Liga|1947–48]], [[1948–49 La Liga|1948–49]], [[1951–52 La Liga|1951–52]], [[1952–53 La Liga|1952–53]], [[1958–59 La Liga|1958–59]], [[1959–60 La Liga|1959–60]], [[1973–74 La Liga|1973–74]], [[1984–85 La Liga|1984–85]], [[1990–91 La Liga|1990–91]], [[1991–92 La Liga|1991–92]], [[1992–93 La Liga|1992–93]], [[1993–94 La Liga|1993–94]], [[1997–98 La Liga|1997–98]], [[1998–99 La Liga|1998–99]], [[2004–05 La Liga|2004–05]], [[2005–06 La Liga|2005–06]], [[2008–09 La Liga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]], [[2010–11 La Liga|2010–11]], [[2012–13 La Liga|2012–13]], [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]], [[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]], [[2017–18 La Liga|2017–18]], [[2018–19 La Liga|2018–19]] |- ! scope=col|[[Copa del Rey]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''30''' | [[1910 Copa del Rey|1909–10]], [[1912 Copa del Rey|1911–12]], [[1913 Copa del Rey|1912–13]], [[1920 Copa del Rey|1919–20]], [[1922 Copa del Rey|1921–22]], [[1925 Copa del Rey|1924–25]], [[1926 Copa del Rey|1925–26]], [[1928 Copa del Rey|1927–28]], [[1942 Copa del Generalísimo|1941–42]], [[1951 Copa del Generalísimo|1950–51]], [[1952 Copa del Generalísimo|1951–52]], [[1952–53 Copa del Generalísimo|1952–53]], [[1957 Copa del Generalísimo|1956–57]], [[1958–59 Copa del Generalísimo|1958–59]], [[1962–63 Copa del Generalísimo|1962–63]], [[1967–68 Copa del Generalísimo|1967–68]], [[1970–71 Copa del Generalísimo|1970–71]], [[1977–78 Copa del Rey|1977–78]], [[1980–81 Copa del Rey|1980–81]], [[1982–83 Copa del Rey|1982–83]], [[1987–88 Copa del Rey|1987–88]], [[1989–90 Copa del Rey|1989–90]], [[1996–97 Copa del Rey|1996–97]], [[1997–98 Copa del Rey|1997–98]], [[2008–09 Copa del Rey|2008–09]], [[2011–12 Copa del Rey|2011–12]], [[2014–15 Copa del Rey|2014–15]], [[2015–16 Copa del Rey|2015–16]], [[2016–17 Copa del Rey|2016–17]], [[2017–18 Copa del Rey|2017–18]] |- ! scope=col|[[Supercopa de España]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''13''' | [[1983 Supercopa de España|1983]], [[1991 Supercopa de España|1991]], [[1992 Supercopa de España|1992]], [[1994 Supercopa de España|1994]], [[1996 Supercopa de España|1996]], [[2005 Supercopa de España|2005]], [[2006 Supercopa de España|2006]], [[2009 Supercopa de España|2009]], [[2010 Supercopa de España|2010]], [[2011 Supercopa de España|2011]], [[2013 Supercopa de España|2013]], [[2016 Supercopa de España|2016]], [[2018 Supercopa de España|2018]] |- ! scope=col|[[Copa Eva Duarte]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''3''' | [[Copa Eva Duarte|1948]], [[Copa Eva Duarte|1952]], [[Copa Eva Duarte|1953]] |- ! scope=col|[[Copa de la Liga]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''2''' | [[1983 Copa de la Liga|1983]], [[1986 Copa de la Liga|1986]] |- | rowspan="4" |'''European''' ! scope=col|[[UEFA Champions League]] |align="center"|5 | [[1991–92 European Cup|1991–92]], [[2005–06 UEFA Champions League|2005–06]], [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|2008–09]], [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2010–11]], [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|2014–15]] |- ! scope=col| [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''4''' | [[1978–79 European Cup Winners' Cup|1978–79]], [[1981–82 European Cup Winners' Cup|1981–82]], [[1988–89 European Cup Winners' Cup|1988–89]], [[1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup|1996–97]] |- ! scope=col|[[UEFA Super Cup]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''5'''{{smallsup|S}} |[[1992 European Super Cup|1992]], [[1997 UEFA Super Cup|1997]], [[2009 UEFA Super Cup|2009]], [[2011 UEFA Super Cup|2011]], [[2015 UEFA Super Cup|2015]] |- ! scope=col| [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''3''' | [[1955–58 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1955–58]], [[1958–60 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1958–60]], [[1965–66 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1965–66]] |- |'''Worldwide''' ! scope=col|[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]] |3 | [[2009 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2009]], [[2011 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2011]], [[2015 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2015]] |- |} * {{legend|gold|Record}} * {{smallsup|S}} Shared record == Players == === Current squad === {{Updated|19 Julie 2023}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/players|title=First Team|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=7 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FC Barcelona's new captains confirmed|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3599643/fc-barcelonas-new-captains-confirmed|date=21 July 2023|access-date=22 July 2023|publisher=FC Barcelona|language=en}}</ref> <!----------------------------- READ THIS NOTICE FIRST BEFORE EDITING ---------------------------------- – Do NOT add new players before their signing is officially announced by the club through their website, including medical and signing the contract. A transfer fee agreed doesn't mean the player will sign. – Do NOT remove players before their exit is officially announced by the club. – Do NOT add or change squad numbers until it is official on the FC Barcelona website – Only add numberless players that are likely to become part of the first team – Pre-season numbers can be added temporarily with A REFERENCE – This is Wikipedia, not a football newspaper. Anything unconfirmed and unsourced will be removed on sight ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=1|pos=GK|nat=GER|name=[[Marc-André ter Stegen]]|other=[[Vice-caiptain (association fitbaw)|vice-caiptain]]}} {{Fs player|no=4|pos=DF|nat=URU|name=[[Ronald Araújo]]|other=[[Vice-caiptain (association fitbaw)|3rd caiptain]]}} {{Fs player|no=6|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Gavi (footballer)|Gavi]]}} {{Fs player|no=7|pos=FW|nat=FRA|name=[[Ousmane Dembélé]]}} {{Fs player|no=8|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Pedri]]}} {{Fs player|no=9|pos=FW|nat=POL|name=[[Robert Lewandowski]]}} {{Fs player|no=10|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=[[Ansu Fati]]}} {{Fs player|no=11|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=[[Ferran Torres]]}} {{Fs player|no=13|pos=GK|nat=ESP|name=[[Iñaki Peña]]}} {{Fs player|no=15|pos=DF|nat=DEN|name=[[Andreas Christensen]]}} {{Fs player|no=17|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Marcos Alonso (fitbawer, born 1990)|Marcos Alonso]]}} {{Fs player|no=19|pos=MF|nat=CIV|name=[[Franck Kessié]]}} {{Fs player|no=20|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Sergi Roberto]]|other=[[Caiptain (association fitbaw)|caiptain]]}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=21|pos=MF|nat=NED|name=[[Frenkie de Jong]]|other=[[Vice-caiptain (association fitbaw)|4t caiptain]]}} {{Fs player|no=22|pos=FW|nat=BRA|name=[[Raphinha]]}} {{Fs player|no=23|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=[[Jules Koundé]]}} {{Fs player|no=24|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Eric García (fitbawer, born 2001)|Eric García]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=[[Clément Lenglet]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Iñigo Martínez]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=USA|name=[[Sergiño Dest]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Álex Collado]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=GER|name=[[İlkay Gündoğan]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Nico González (fitbawer, born 2002)|Nico González]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Oriol Romeu]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=FW|nat=MAR|name=[[Abde Ezzalzouli]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=FW|nat=POR|name=[[Francisco Trincão]]}} {{Fs end}} ===Oot on lend=== {{Fs start}} {{Fs end}} ==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{FC Barcelona}} {{Navboxes|titlestyle=background:#26559B;color:#FFF000;border:1px solid #C32148;|list1= {{Primera División de España}} {{G14}} {{ECA}} {{UEFA Champions League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{FIFA Club Warld Cup winners}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Barcelona}} [[Category:FC Barcelona| ]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1899]] [[Category:Catalan seembols]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Barcelona]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] i74v1iwxq0k9o9erd2m60orx5sy1mrx 921026 920961 2026-08-17T23:16:43Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Barcelona | image = FC Barcelona (crest).svg | image_size = 200px | fullname = Futbol Club Barcelona<!--in Catalan, futbol does not have an accent over "u"--> | nickname = ''Barça'' (team)<br />''Culés'' or ''Barcelonistas'' (supporters)<br />''Blaugranas'' or ''Azulgranas''<!--in Catalan, it is always blaugrana (singular) or blaugranas (plural), while in Spanish the Catalan word "blaugrana" is often used as well as the Spanish word "azulgrana"--> (supporters) | motto = Més que un club | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1899|11|29}}<br />as ''Foot-Ball Club Barcelona'' | ground = [[Camp Nou]] | capacity = 99,354<ref name="stadium">[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/facilites-and-services/camp_nou Camp Nou] – FC Barcelona Official Page</ref> | chrtitle = Preses | chairman = [[Joan Laporta]] | manager = [[Xavi]] | league = {{Spanish football updater|Barcelona}} | season = 2022–23 | position = [[La Liga]], 1st o 20 (champions) | website = http://www.fcbarcelona.com | pattern_la1 = _fcbarcelona2425h | pattern_b1 = _fcbarcelona2425h | pattern_ra1 = _fcbarcelona2425h | pattern_sh1 = _fcbarcelona2425h | leftarm1 = BF0030 | body1 = 00009F | rightarm1 = BF0030 | shorts1 = 00006A | socks1 = 00006A | pattern_la2 = _fcbarcelona2425a | pattern_b2 = _fcbarcelona2425a | pattern_ra2 = _fcbarcelona2425a | pattern_sh2 = _fcbarcelona2425a | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = 000000 | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_la3 = _fcbarcelona2425t | pattern_b3 = _fcbarcelona2425t | pattern_ra3 = _fcbarcelona2425t | pattern_sh3 = _fcbarcelona2425t | leftarm3 = B8F09B | body3 = B8F09B | rightarm3 = B8F09B | shorts3 = B8F09B | socks3 = B8F09B }} '''Futbol Club Barcelona''' ({{IPA-ca|fubˈbɔɫ ˈkɫub bərsəˈɫonə|-|Futbol Club Barcelona - name.ogg}}), kent as '''Barcelona''' an familiarly as '''Barça''' an aw,<ref>Pronooncit {{IPA-ca|ˈbar.sə|}}.</ref> is a perfaisional [[Fitbaw team|fitbaw club]], based in [[Barcelona]], Catalonie, Spain. Foondit in 1899 bi a group o Swiss, Inglis an Catalan fitbawers led bi [[Joan Gamper]], the club haes become a seembol o Catalan cultur an [[Catalanism]], hence the motto ''"Més que un club"'' (Mair nor a club). Unlike mony ither fitbaw clubs, the [[Supporters o FC Barcelona|supporters]] awn an operate Barcelona. It is the warld's seicont-richest fitbaw club in terms o revenue, wi a annual turnover o $613 million an the third maist valuable sports team, worth $2.6 billion.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2013/07/15/real-madrid-tops-the-worlds-most-valuable-sports-teams/ |title=Real Madrid Tops The World's Most Valuable Sports Teams |date=July 15, 2013 |accessdate=January 6, 2014|agency=Forbes| first=Kurt | last=Badenhausen}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Deloitte Football Money League 2013 | url = http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | publisher = Deloitte UK | accessdate = 30 January 2013 | archive-date = 2013-07-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130730063842/http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> The offeecial Barcelona anthem is the "[[Cant del Barça]]", written bi Jaume Picas an [[Josep Maria Espinàs]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/simbols/himne.html|title= FC Barcelona Hymn| publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> Barcelona is the [[Fitbaw records in Spain|maist successful club in Spain]], in terms o oweraw offeecial titles wan (80). Barcelona wis rankit first in the 'All-Time Club World Ranking' bi [[IFFHS]], on 31 Dizember 2009,<ref>{{cite web|title=All-Time Club World Ranking, by International Federation of Football History & Statistics|url=http://www.iffhs.de/?3d4d443d0b803e8b40384c00205fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedbe1a|access-date=2014-01-15|archive-date=2013-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132701/http://www.iffhs.de/?3d4d443d0b803e8b40384c00205fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedbe1a|url-status=dead}}</ref> an is currently placit on top o the UEFA club rankins an aw.<ref>{{cite web|title=UEFA club coefficients 2013/14|url=http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html}}</ref> They wan 22 [[La Liga]], 26 [[Copa del Rey]], 11 [[Supercopa de España]], 3 [[Copa Eva Duarte]]<ref name="The 1953">The [[Copa Eva Duarte]] wis anerly recognisit an organisit wi that name bi the RFEF frae 1947 till 1953, an tharefore Barcelona's "Copa de Oro Argentina" win o 1945 is no includit in this coont, i.e. anerly the 1948, 1952 an 1953 trophies are.</ref> an 2 [[Copa de la Liga]] trophies, as well as bein the record haulder for the latter fower competeetions. In internaitional club fitbaw, Barcelona haes wan fower [[UEFA Champions League]], a record fower [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]], fower [[UEFA Super Cup]], a record three [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]]<ref>Considered a major title by FIFA (see FIFA.com F.C. Barcelona's profile at http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club=44217/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106144603/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club%3D44217/ |date=2012-01-06 }}) but generally not an official title, as the competition was not organised by [[UEFA]]</ref> an a record twa [[FIFA Club Warld Cup]] trophies.<ref name="Football Europe: FC Barcelona">{{cite web|url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/footballeurope/club=50080/domestic.html|title=Football Europe: FC Barcelona|publisher=[[Union of European Football Associations]] (UEFA)|accessdate=4 May 2009|archive-date=2010-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603054639/http://en.archive.uefa.com/footballeurope/club%3D50080/domestic.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The club haes a lang-staundin rivalry wi [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]; matches atween the twa teams are referred tae as "[[El Clásico]]". ==Honours== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;" !style="width: 1%;"|Teep !style="width: 5%;"|Competition !style="width: 1%;"|Titles !style="width: 21%;"|Seasons |- |rowspan="5" |'''Domestic''' ! scope=col|[[La Liga]] |align="center"|26 | [[1929 La Liga|1929]], [[1944–45 La Liga|1944–45]], [[1947–48 La Liga|1947–48]], [[1948–49 La Liga|1948–49]], [[1951–52 La Liga|1951–52]], [[1952–53 La Liga|1952–53]], [[1958–59 La Liga|1958–59]], [[1959–60 La Liga|1959–60]], [[1973–74 La Liga|1973–74]], [[1984–85 La Liga|1984–85]], [[1990–91 La Liga|1990–91]], [[1991–92 La Liga|1991–92]], [[1992–93 La Liga|1992–93]], [[1993–94 La Liga|1993–94]], [[1997–98 La Liga|1997–98]], [[1998–99 La Liga|1998–99]], [[2004–05 La Liga|2004–05]], [[2005–06 La Liga|2005–06]], [[2008–09 La Liga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]], [[2010–11 La Liga|2010–11]], [[2012–13 La Liga|2012–13]], [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]], [[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]], [[2017–18 La Liga|2017–18]], [[2018–19 La Liga|2018–19]] |- ! scope=col|[[Copa del Rey]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''30''' | [[1910 Copa del Rey|1909–10]], [[1912 Copa del Rey|1911–12]], [[1913 Copa del Rey|1912–13]], [[1920 Copa del Rey|1919–20]], [[1922 Copa del Rey|1921–22]], [[1925 Copa del Rey|1924–25]], [[1926 Copa del Rey|1925–26]], [[1928 Copa del Rey|1927–28]], [[1942 Copa del Generalísimo|1941–42]], [[1951 Copa del Generalísimo|1950–51]], [[1952 Copa del Generalísimo|1951–52]], [[1952–53 Copa del Generalísimo|1952–53]], [[1957 Copa del Generalísimo|1956–57]], [[1958–59 Copa del Generalísimo|1958–59]], [[1962–63 Copa del Generalísimo|1962–63]], [[1967–68 Copa del Generalísimo|1967–68]], [[1970–71 Copa del Generalísimo|1970–71]], [[1977–78 Copa del Rey|1977–78]], [[1980–81 Copa del Rey|1980–81]], [[1982–83 Copa del Rey|1982–83]], [[1987–88 Copa del Rey|1987–88]], [[1989–90 Copa del Rey|1989–90]], [[1996–97 Copa del Rey|1996–97]], [[1997–98 Copa del Rey|1997–98]], [[2008–09 Copa del Rey|2008–09]], [[2011–12 Copa del Rey|2011–12]], [[2014–15 Copa del Rey|2014–15]], [[2015–16 Copa del Rey|2015–16]], [[2016–17 Copa del Rey|2016–17]], [[2017–18 Copa del Rey|2017–18]] |- ! scope=col|[[Supercopa de España]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''13''' | [[1983 Supercopa de España|1983]], [[1991 Supercopa de España|1991]], [[1992 Supercopa de España|1992]], [[1994 Supercopa de España|1994]], [[1996 Supercopa de España|1996]], [[2005 Supercopa de España|2005]], [[2006 Supercopa de España|2006]], [[2009 Supercopa de España|2009]], [[2010 Supercopa de España|2010]], [[2011 Supercopa de España|2011]], [[2013 Supercopa de España|2013]], [[2016 Supercopa de España|2016]], [[2018 Supercopa de España|2018]] |- ! scope=col|[[Copa Eva Duarte]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''3''' | [[Copa Eva Duarte|1948]], [[Copa Eva Duarte|1952]], [[Copa Eva Duarte|1953]] |- ! scope=col|[[Copa de la Liga]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''2''' | [[1983 Copa de la Liga|1983]], [[1986 Copa de la Liga|1986]] |- | rowspan="4" |'''European''' ! scope=col|[[UEFA Champions League]] |align="center"|5 | [[1991–92 European Cup|1991–92]], [[2005–06 UEFA Champions League|2005–06]], [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|2008–09]], [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2010–11]], [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|2014–15]] |- ! scope=col| [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''4''' | [[1978–79 European Cup Winners' Cup|1978–79]], [[1981–82 European Cup Winners' Cup|1981–82]], [[1988–89 European Cup Winners' Cup|1988–89]], [[1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup|1996–97]] |- ! scope=col|[[UEFA Super Cup]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''5'''{{smallsup|S}} |[[1992 European Super Cup|1992]], [[1997 UEFA Super Cup|1997]], [[2009 UEFA Super Cup|2009]], [[2011 UEFA Super Cup|2011]], [[2015 UEFA Super Cup|2015]] |- ! scope=col| [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''3''' | [[1955–58 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1955–58]], [[1958–60 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1958–60]], [[1965–66 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1965–66]] |- |'''Worldwide''' ! scope=col|[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]] |3 | [[2009 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2009]], [[2011 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2011]], [[2015 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2015]] |- |} * {{legend|gold|Record}} * {{smallsup|S}} Shared record == Players == === Current squad === {{Updated|19 Julie 2023}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/players|title=First Team|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=7 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FC Barcelona's new captains confirmed|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3599643/fc-barcelonas-new-captains-confirmed|date=21 July 2023|access-date=22 July 2023|publisher=FC Barcelona|language=en}}</ref> <!----------------------------- READ THIS NOTICE FIRST BEFORE EDITING ---------------------------------- – Do NOT add new players before their signing is officially announced by the club through their website, including medical and signing the contract. A transfer fee agreed doesn't mean the player will sign. – Do NOT remove players before their exit is officially announced by the club. – Do NOT add or change squad numbers until it is official on the FC Barcelona website – Only add numberless players that are likely to become part of the first team – Pre-season numbers can be added temporarily with A REFERENCE – This is Wikipedia, not a football newspaper. Anything unconfirmed and unsourced will be removed on sight ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=1|pos=GK|nat=GER|name=[[Marc-André ter Stegen]]|other=[[Vice-caiptain (association fitbaw)|vice-caiptain]]}} {{Fs player|no=4|pos=DF|nat=URU|name=[[Ronald Araújo]]|other=[[Vice-caiptain (association fitbaw)|3rd caiptain]]}} {{Fs player|no=6|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Gavi (footballer)|Gavi]]}} {{Fs player|no=7|pos=FW|nat=FRA|name=[[Ousmane Dembélé]]}} {{Fs player|no=8|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Pedri]]}} {{Fs player|no=9|pos=FW|nat=POL|name=[[Robert Lewandowski]]}} {{Fs player|no=10|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=[[Ansu Fati]]}} {{Fs player|no=11|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=[[Ferran Torres]]}} {{Fs player|no=13|pos=GK|nat=ESP|name=[[Iñaki Peña]]}} {{Fs player|no=15|pos=DF|nat=DEN|name=[[Andreas Christensen]]}} {{Fs player|no=17|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Marcos Alonso (fitbawer, born 1990)|Marcos Alonso]]}} {{Fs player|no=19|pos=MF|nat=CIV|name=[[Franck Kessié]]}} {{Fs player|no=20|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Sergi Roberto]]|other=[[Caiptain (association fitbaw)|caiptain]]}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=21|pos=MF|nat=NED|name=[[Frenkie de Jong]]|other=[[Vice-caiptain (association fitbaw)|4t caiptain]]}} {{Fs player|no=22|pos=FW|nat=BRA|name=[[Raphinha]]}} {{Fs player|no=23|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=[[Jules Koundé]]}} {{Fs player|no=24|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Eric García (fitbawer, born 2001)|Eric García]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=[[Clément Lenglet]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Iñigo Martínez]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=USA|name=[[Sergiño Dest]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Álex Collado]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=GER|name=[[İlkay Gündoğan]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Nico González (fitbawer, born 2002)|Nico González]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Oriol Romeu]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=FW|nat=MAR|name=[[Abde Ezzalzouli]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=FW|nat=POR|name=[[Francisco Trincão]]}} {{Fs end}} ===Oot on lend=== {{Fs start}} {{Fs end}} ==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{FC Barcelona}} {{Navboxes|titlestyle=background:#26559B;color:#FFF000;border:1px solid #C32148;|list1= {{Primera División de España}} {{G14}} {{ECA}} {{UEFA Champions League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{FIFA Club Warld Cup winners}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Barcelona}} [[Category:FC Barcelona| ]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1899]] [[Category:Catalan seembols]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Barcelona]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] 92b45lvbtb90kwusopuc91v4tu9lbb3 0 67422 920922 832816 2026-08-17T17:30:43Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920922 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="float:right; empty-cells:show; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:0,5em; background:#FFDEAD;" ! colspan="2" | Santo Antônio do Itambé |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" ! colspan="2" align="center" | [[Image:MinasGerais Municip SantoAntoniodoItambe.svg|300px|Map of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil pointing Santo Antônio do Itambé]] |- ! colspan="2" | Statistics |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[States o Brazil|State]]: || [[Minas Gerais]] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Diveesions o Minas Gerais#Regions|Micro-Region]]: || [[Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte]] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Foondit: || 1993<!-- |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" | [[Location]]: || 50.46635/50°27'57' S lat.<br /> 43.3145/43°18'25' W long.--> |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Aurie]]: || 303.857&nbsp;km² |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Population]]: || 4,692 <small>(2006)</small> |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Population density]]: || 15.4/km²<!-- |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Subdiveesions: || |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Elevation]]: || m--> |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Postal code: || 36670-xxx<!-- |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Aurie/distance code: || (00)55-[[Brazilian aurie code]] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Brazilian Institute o Geografie an Statistics|IBGE]] code: || - |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Name o habitants: || --> |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Website: || [http://www.stoantonioaventureiro.mg.gov.br www.stoantonioaventureiro.mg.gov.br]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<!-- |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" ! colspan="2" | Politics |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Mayor]]: ||--> |} '''Santo Antônio do Itambé''' (first pairt, [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]] meanin "Saunt Anthony", last pairt, Portuguese for "[[adventurer]]") is a [[Leet o ceeties in Brazil|toun]] in the state o [[Minas Gerais]], [[Brazil]]. Its [[geographic coordinates|coordinates]] are 18.46625/18°27'57" S an the langitude is 43.315/43°18'25" W. It haes 4,692 inhabitants an the aurie is 303.857&nbsp;km². Its density is 15.4/km² (2006) {{Municipalities o Minas Gerais}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Santo Antonio do Itambe}} [[Category:Municipalities in Minas Gerais]] 1aci9gazm96mxfnlyolohnzfqgk5rur 0 71507 920969 878749 2026-08-17T18:38:50Z Lirazelf 27464 resize shield 920969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Genazzano | official_name = Comune di Genazzano | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | shield_size = thumb | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|41|50|N|12|58|E|region:IT_type:city(5823)|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = [[Lazio]] | province = [[Province o Roum|Roum]] | frazioni = | mayor_party = Centre-Left | mayor = Fabio Ascenzi | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 32.04 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 5986 | population_as_of = 30 April 2009 | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = Genazzanesi | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 375 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = | day = | postal_code = 00030 | area_code = 06 | website = {{official website|http://www.genazzano.org/}} | footnotes = }} '''Genazzano''' is a toun an ''[[comune]]'' in the [[province o Roum]], locatit on a [[tuff]]<!--NOT tufa!!--> spur at 375&nbsp;m ower the sea level which, stairtin frae the [[Monti Prenestini]], ends on the [[Sacco River]] valley. ==History== The name oreeginates frae its role as vacation resort for the auncient Roman ''gens'' Genucia. In the 11t century AD it wis a fief o the [[Colonna faimily]] who, frae thair Baronal Palace (castle), controlled the road frae [[Naples]] tae [[Roum]]. In the fift century, durin the reign o [[Pape Sixtus III]], the toun o Genazzano contreibutit a lairge portion o its revenue for the Roman basilica nou kent as [[Santa Maria Maggiore]]. In appreciation, a kirk wis biggit in Genazzano an wis later entrustit tae the [[Augustinian Order]] in 1356. [[File:OurLadyGenazzano02.jpg|thumb|left|The ''[[Oor Lady o Guid Coonsel]]'' oreeginal fresco frae Genazzano.]] The kirk haulds the oreeginal fresco o ''[[Oor Lady o Guid Coonsel]]'' ({{lang-la|Mater boni consilii}}) a title gien tae the [[:en:Veneration of Mary in Roman Catholicism|Blessed Virgin Mary]], efter the allegedly miraculous fresco. Measurin 40 bi 45 centimetres the image is executit on a thin layer o porcelain nae thicker than a egg shell.<ref>Joan Carroll Cruz, 1984 ''Relics'', Huntington: Our Sunday Visitor, ISBN 0-87973-701-8 page 74</ref> Ower the hunderyears, devotions tae Oor Lady o the Guid Coonsel grew amang saunts an Papes. Mair nor ony ither pape, Leo XIII wis deeply attached tae this devotion.<ref>Ann Ball, 2003 Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices ISBN 0-87973-910-X page 515</ref> The smaw ''[[Scapular]] o Oor Lady o Guid Coonsel'' (the White Scapular) wis presentit bi the [[Hermits o St. Augustine]] tae [[Pape Leo XIII]], who, in Dizember 1893, appruivit it an endoued it wi indulgences. On 22 Apryle 1903, that same Pape includit the invocation "Mater boni consilii" in the [[Litany o Loreto]]. ==Genazzano DOC== On the soothren slopes o [[Monti Prenestini]] owerleukin the [[Valle del Sacco]] is the Genazzano ''[[Denominazione di origine controllata]]'' (DOC) region that produces baith reid an white wines. The DOC reid blend is componit o 70–90% [[Sangiovese]], 10–30% [[Cesanese Comune]] an up tae 20% o ither local reid [[grape varieties]] lik [[Abbuoto]]. The DOC white wine is componit o 50–70% [[Malvasia di Candia]], 10–30% each o [[Bellone]] an [[Bombino bianco]] an up tae 40% o ither local white grape varieties. Grapes destined for DOC wine production must be [[harvestit (wine)|harvestit]] tae a [[yield (wine)|yield]] nae greater than 14 [[tonnes]]/[[hectare]] wi the feenished wines needin tae attain a minimum [[alcohol level]] o at least 10.5% for the white wines an 11% for the reds.<ref name="Saunders">P. Saunders ''Wine Label Language'' pp. 166-167 Firefly Books 2004 ISBN 1-55297-720-X</ref> ==Famous fowk== *Gennazzano is the birthplace o [[Pape Martin V]] (Oddone Colonna). *Daih place o Blessed [[Stephen Bellesini]] ==See an aw== *[[Genazzano FCJ College]] ==Notes== {{Reflist}} <BR> {{Province o Roum}} [[Category:Castles in Italy]] 7s46p2x7snli4s536ab0hh0s9bik5p1 920970 920969 2026-08-17T18:39:09Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Genazzano | official_name = Comune di Genazzano | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | shield_size = thumb | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|41|50|N|12|58|E|region:IT_type:city(5823)|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = [[Lazio]] | province = [[Province o Roum|Roum]] | frazioni = | mayor_party = Centre-Left | mayor = Fabio Ascenzi | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 32.04 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 5986 | population_as_of = 30 April 2009 | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = Genazzanesi | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 375 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = | day = | postal_code = 00030 | area_code = 06 | website = {{official website|http://www.genazzano.org/}} | footnotes = }} '''Genazzano''' is a toun an ''[[comune]]'' in the [[province o Roum]], locatit on a [[tuff]]<!--NOT tufa!!--> spur at 375&nbsp;m ower the sea level which, stairtin frae the [[Monti Prenestini]], ends on the [[Sacco River]] valley. ==History== The name oreeginates frae its role as vacation resort for the auncient Roman ''gens'' Genucia. In the 11t century AD it wis a fief o the [[Colonna faimily]] who, frae thair Baronal Palace (castle), controlled the road frae [[Naples]] tae [[Roum]]. In the fift century, durin the reign o [[Pape Sixtus III]], the toun o Genazzano contreibutit a lairge portion o its revenue for the Roman basilica nou kent as [[Santa Maria Maggiore]]. In appreciation, a kirk wis biggit in Genazzano an wis later entrustit tae the [[Augustinian Order]] in 1356. [[File:OurLadyGenazzano02.jpg|thumb|left|The ''[[Oor Lady o Guid Coonsel]]'' oreeginal fresco frae Genazzano.]] The kirk haulds the oreeginal fresco o ''[[Oor Lady o Guid Coonsel]]'' ({{lang-la|Mater boni consilii}}) a title gien tae the Blessed Virgin Mary, efter the allegedly miraculous fresco. Measurin 40 bi 45 centimetres the image is executit on a thin layer o porcelain nae thicker than a egg shell.<ref>Joan Carroll Cruz, 1984 ''Relics'', Huntington: Our Sunday Visitor, ISBN 0-87973-701-8 page 74</ref> Ower the hunderyears, devotions tae Oor Lady o the Guid Coonsel grew amang saunts an Papes. Mair nor ony ither pape, Leo XIII wis deeply attached tae this devotion.<ref>Ann Ball, 2003 Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices ISBN 0-87973-910-X page 515</ref> The smaw ''[[Scapular]] o Oor Lady o Guid Coonsel'' (the White Scapular) wis presentit bi the [[Hermits o St. Augustine]] tae [[Pape Leo XIII]], who, in Dizember 1893, appruivit it an endoued it wi indulgences. On 22 Apryle 1903, that same Pape includit the invocation "Mater boni consilii" in the [[Litany o Loreto]]. ==Genazzano DOC== On the soothren slopes o [[Monti Prenestini]] owerleukin the [[Valle del Sacco]] is the Genazzano ''[[Denominazione di origine controllata]]'' (DOC) region that produces baith reid an white wines. The DOC reid blend is componit o 70–90% [[Sangiovese]], 10–30% [[Cesanese Comune]] an up tae 20% o ither local reid [[grape varieties]] lik [[Abbuoto]]. The DOC white wine is componit o 50–70% [[Malvasia di Candia]], 10–30% each o [[Bellone]] an [[Bombino bianco]] an up tae 40% o ither local white grape varieties. Grapes destined for DOC wine production must be [[harvestit (wine)|harvestit]] tae a [[yield (wine)|yield]] nae greater than 14 [[tonnes]]/[[hectare]] wi the feenished wines needin tae attain a minimum [[alcohol level]] o at least 10.5% for the white wines an 11% for the reds.<ref name="Saunders">P. Saunders ''Wine Label Language'' pp. 166-167 Firefly Books 2004 ISBN 1-55297-720-X</ref> ==Famous fowk== *Gennazzano is the birthplace o [[Pape Martin V]] (Oddone Colonna). *Daih place o Blessed [[Stephen Bellesini]] ==See an aw== *[[Genazzano FCJ College]] ==Notes== {{Reflist}} <BR> {{Province o Roum}} [[Category:Castles in Italy]] eokvmm6vpqupetduzfw0wn0ebap50kl 921011 920970 2026-08-17T23:04:11Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Genazzano | official_name = Comune di Genazzano | shield_size = thumb | coordinates = {{coord|41|50|N|12|58|E|region:IT_type:city(5823)|display=inline}} | region = [[Lazio]] | province = [[Province o Roum|Roum]] | mayor_party = Centre-Left | mayor = Fabio Ascenzi | area_total_km2 = 32.04 | population_total = 5986 | population_as_of = 30 April 2009 | population_demonym = Genazzanesi | elevation_m = 375 | postal_code = 00030 | area_code = 06 | website = {{official website|http://www.genazzano.org/}} }} '''Genazzano''' is a toun an ''[[comune]]'' in the [[province o Roum]], locatit on a [[tuff]]<!--NOT tufa!!--> spur at 375&nbsp;m ower the sea level which, stairtin frae the [[Monti Prenestini]], ends on the [[Sacco River]] valley. ==History== The name oreeginates frae its role as vacation resort for the auncient Roman ''gens'' Genucia. In the 11t century AD it wis a fief o the [[Colonna faimily]] who, frae thair Baronal Palace (castle), controlled the road frae [[Naples]] tae [[Roum]]. In the fift century, durin the reign o [[Pape Sixtus III]], the toun o Genazzano contreibutit a lairge portion o its revenue for the Roman basilica nou kent as [[Santa Maria Maggiore]]. In appreciation, a kirk wis biggit in Genazzano an wis later entrustit tae the [[Augustinian Order]] in 1356. [[File:OurLadyGenazzano02.jpg|thumb|left|The ''[[Oor Lady o Guid Coonsel]]'' oreeginal fresco frae Genazzano.]] The kirk haulds the oreeginal fresco o ''[[Oor Lady o Guid Coonsel]]'' ({{lang-la|Mater boni consilii}}) a title gien tae the Blessed Virgin Mary, efter the allegedly miraculous fresco. Measurin 40 bi 45 centimetres the image is executit on a thin layer o porcelain nae thicker than a egg shell.<ref>Joan Carroll Cruz, 1984 ''Relics'', Huntington: Our Sunday Visitor, ISBN 0-87973-701-8 page 74</ref> Ower the hunderyears, devotions tae Oor Lady o the Guid Coonsel grew amang saunts an Papes. Mair nor ony ither pape, Leo XIII wis deeply attached tae this devotion.<ref>Ann Ball, 2003 Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices ISBN 0-87973-910-X page 515</ref> The smaw ''[[Scapular]] o Oor Lady o Guid Coonsel'' (the White Scapular) wis presentit bi the [[Hermits o St. Augustine]] tae [[Pape Leo XIII]], who, in Dizember 1893, appruivit it an endoued it wi indulgences. On 22 Apryle 1903, that same Pape includit the invocation "Mater boni consilii" in the [[Litany o Loreto]]. ==Genazzano DOC== On the soothren slopes o [[Monti Prenestini]] owerleukin the [[Valle del Sacco]] is the Genazzano ''[[Denominazione di origine controllata]]'' (DOC) region that produces baith reid an white wines. The DOC reid blend is componit o 70–90% [[Sangiovese]], 10–30% [[Cesanese Comune]] an up tae 20% o ither local reid [[grape varieties]] lik [[Abbuoto]]. The DOC white wine is componit o 50–70% [[Malvasia di Candia]], 10–30% each o [[Bellone]] an [[Bombino bianco]] an up tae 40% o ither local white grape varieties. Grapes destined for DOC wine production must be [[harvestit (wine)|harvestit]] tae a [[yield (wine)|yield]] nae greater than 14 [[tonnes]]/[[hectare]] wi the feenished wines needin tae attain a minimum [[alcohol level]] o at least 10.5% for the white wines an 11% for the reds.<ref name="Saunders">P. Saunders ''Wine Label Language'' pp. 166-167 Firefly Books 2004 ISBN 1-55297-720-X</ref> ==Famous fowk== *Gennazzano is the birthplace o [[Pape Martin V]] (Oddone Colonna). *Daih place o Blessed [[Stephen Bellesini]] ==See an aw== *[[Genazzano FCJ College]] ==Notes== {{Reflist}} <BR> {{Province o Roum}} [[Category:Castles in Italy]] orvnmgo8au8a0ywodcpqqsuqktz6mkt 0 72762 920908 919811 2026-08-17T16:53:24Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw biography | name = Lionel Messi | image = Lionel Messi Argentina v Egypt 7 July 2026-112(cropped).jpg | caption = Messi with [[Argentina National Football Team|Argentina]] at the [[2026 FIFA Warld Cup|2026 Warld Cup]] | fullname = Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini<ref name="ActualName">{{cite news|last=Marsden|first=Sam|url=http://www.espn.in/football/barcelona/story/3255615/lionel-messi-donates-70k-to-charity-after-winning-libel-case-against-newspaper|title=Messi donates to charity after libel case win|publisher=ESPN|date=2 November 2017|access-date=3 November 2017}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|6|24|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Rosario, Santa Fe|Rosario]], [[Argenteinie]] | height = {{height|m=1.70}}<ref name="Profile: Lionel Andrés Messi">{{cite web |title=Profile: Lionel Andrés Messi |publisher=FC Barcelona |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/messi |accessdate=8 September 2015}}</ref> | position = [[Forrit (association fitbaa)|Forrit]] | currentclub = [[Inter Miami CF|Inter Miami]] | clubnumber = 10 | youthyears1 = 1995–2000 |youthclubs1 = [[Newell's Old Boys]] | youthyears2 = 2000–2003 |youthclubs2 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | years1 = 2003–2004 |clubs1 = [[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]] |caps1 = 10 |goals1 = 5 | years2 = 2004–2005 |clubs2 = [[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]] |caps2 = 22 |goals2 = 6 | years3 = 2004–2021 |clubs3 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] |caps3 = 520 |goals3 = 474 | years4 = 2021–2023 | clubs4 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | caps4 = 58 | goals4 = 22 | years5 = 2023– | clubs5 = [[Inter Miami CF|Inter Miami]] | caps5 = 0<!--MLS league matches only. No Cup matches here. Cup matches are listed in table lower in the page--> | goals5 = 0<!--MLS league matches only. No Cup matches.--> | nationalyears1 = 2004–2005 |nationalteam1 = [[Argentinae naitional unner-20 fitbaa team|Argentinae U20]] |nationalcaps1 = 18 |nationalgoals1 = 14 | nationalyears2 = 2007–2008 |nationalteam2 = [[Argentinae naitional unner-23 fitbaa team|Argentinae U23]] |nationalcaps2 = 5 |nationalgoals2 = 2 | nationalyears3 = 2005–2026 |nationalteam3 = [[Argentinae naitional fitbaa team|Argenteinie]] |nationalcaps3 = 175 |nationalgoals3 = 103 | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{ARG}}}} {{MedalSport|Men's [[Fitbaa]]}} {{MedalCompetition|Olympic Games}} {{MedalGold||2008 Beijing|[[Argentinae naitional unner-23 fitbaa team|Olympic Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[2007 Copa América|2007 Venezuela]]|[[Argentinae naitional fitbaa team|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA U-20 World Cup]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship|2005 Netherlands]]|[[Argentinae naitional unner-20 fitbaa team|U-20 Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[U-20 South American Championship]]}} {{Medal|3rd|[[U-20 South American Championship|2005 Colombia]]|[[Argentinae naitional unner-20 fitbaa team|U-20 Team]]}} | club-update = 29 Mey 2018 | nationalteam-update = 26 Juin 2018 }} '''Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini''' ({{IPA-es|ljoˈnel anˈdɾes ˈmesi|-|Lionel Andrés Messi - Name.ogg}}; born 24 Juin 1987) is an Argentein [[Association fitbaa|fitbawer]] thit plays [[Forward (association fitbaw)|forrit]] fur [[Major League Soccer]] club [[Inter Miami]] an the [[Argentinae naitional fitbaa team|Argentinae national team]]. He is the caiptain o the Argentinae national fitba team.{{Citation needed}} He haes Spainis citizenship, sae he can play as a [[European Union|EU]] player. Ane o the best fitba players o his generation, Messi received seeveral [[Ballon d'Or]] an [[FIFA Warld Player o the Year]] bi 22 yeirs o age. His playin style an ability are seemlar tae [[Diego Maradona]].{{Citation needed}} Messi is aft comparit til [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played 17 May 2014.}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Club statistics |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Saison !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|[[Copa del Rey]] !colspan="2"|[[UEFA#Club|Europe]] !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]] |[[2003–04 Tercera División#Grupo V|2003–04]]<ref name="Matches 2003–04">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2003–04 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2003-04 |accessdate=19 July 2015}}</ref> |[[Tercera División]] |10||5||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||10||5 |- |rowspan="3"|[[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]] |[[2003–04 Segunda División B#Group III|2003–04]]<ref name="Matches 2003–04"/> |rowspan="2"|[[Segunda División B]] |5||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||5||0 |- |[[2004–05 Segunda División B#Group III|2004–05]]<ref name="2004-05">{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2004-05|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2004–05|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |17||6||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||17||6 |- !colspan="2"|Total !22!!6!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!22!!6 |- |rowspan="11"|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] |[[2004–05 FC Barcelona season|2004–05]]<ref name="2004-05"/> |rowspan="10"|[[La Liga]] |7||1||1||0||1<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL>Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||0||colspan="2"|—||9||1 |- |[[2005–06 FC Barcelona season|2005–06]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2005-06|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2005–06|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |17||6||2||1||6<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||1||0||0||25||8 |- |[[2006–07 FC Barcelona season|2006–07]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2006-07|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2006–07|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |26||14||2||2||6<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance in [[2006 UEFA Super Cup|UEFA Super Cup]], five appearances an ane goal in [[2006–07 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||1||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="SDE">Appearances in [[Supercopa de España]]</ref>||0||36||17 |- |[[2007–08 FC Barcelona season|2007–08]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2007-08|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2007–08|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |28||10||3||0||9<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||6||colspan="2"|—||40||16 |- |[[2008–09 FC Barcelona season|2008–09]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2008-09|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2008–09|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |31||23||8||6||12<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||9||colspan="2"|—||51||38 |- |[[2009–10 FC Barcelona season|2009–10]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2009-10|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2009–10|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |35||34||3||1||12<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance in [[2009 UEFA Super Cup|UEFA Super Cup]], 11 appearances an aicht goals in [[2009–10 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||8||3<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance an twa goals in [[2009 Supercopa de España|Supercopa de España]], twa appearances an twa goals in [[2009 FIFA Club Warld Cup|FIFA Club Warld Cup]]</ref>||4||53||47 |- |[[2010–11 FC Barcelona season|2010–11]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2010-11|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2010–11|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |33||31||7||7||13<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||12||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=SDE/>||3||55||53 |- |[[2011–12 FC Barcelona season|2011–12]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2011-12|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2011–12|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |37||50||7||3||12<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance an ane goal in [[2011 UEFA Super Cup|UEFA Super Cup]], 11 appearances an 14 goals in [[2011–12 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||15||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Twa appearances an three goals in [[2011 Supercopa de España|Supercopa de España]], twa appearances an twa goals in [[2011 FIFA Club Warld Cup|FIFA Club Warld Cup]]</ref>||5||60||73 |- |[[2012–13 FC Barcelona season|2012–13]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2012-13|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2012–13|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |32||46||5||4||11<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||8||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=SDE/>||2||50||60 |- |[[2013–14 FC Barcelona season|2013–14]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.soccerway.com/players/lionel-andres-messi/119/|title=L. Messi|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=28 December 2013|archive-date=2022-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923162059/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/lionel-andres-messi/119/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |31||28||6||5||7<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||8||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=SDE/>||0||46||41 |- !colspan="2"|Total !277!!243!!44!!29!!89!!68!!15!!14!!425!!354 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !309!!254!!44!!29!!89!!68!!15!!14!!457!!365 |} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ===International=== [[File:Lionel Messi – Portugal vs. Argentina, 9th February 2011.jpg|thumb|Messi playin against [[Portugal naitional fitbaa team|Portugal]] in [[Geneva]], [[Swisserland]], on 9 Februar 2011.]]He has played in almost 1,000 games since he was born.{{updated|match played 1 Julie 2014.}}<ref name="rsssf">{{cite web |url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/messi-intlg.html |title=Lionel Andrés Messi – Goals in International Matches |publisher=RSSSF |accessdate=2 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lionel Messi: A Career in Numbers|url=http://www.givemefootball.com/champions-league/lionel-messi-career-in-numbers|accessdate=24 May 2012|archive-date=2019-05-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78U8WekbB?url=https://www.givemesport.com/184384-lionel-messi-career-in-numbers|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lionel Messi: Career Statistics|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/45843/lionel-messi|accessdate=24 May 2012|archive-date=2013-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131194406/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/45843/lionel-messi|url-status=dead}}</ref> ====Internaitional appearances==== <!-- update if game for Argentina --> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ International statistics |- !width="80"|Team !width="70"|Year !width="45"|Apps !width="45"|Goals |- |rowspan=10|[[Argentinae naitional fitbaa team|Argentinae]] |2005 |5 |0 |- |2006 |7 |2 |- |2007 |14 |6 |- |2008 |8 |2 |- |2009 |10 |3 |- |2010 |10 |2 |- |2011 |13 |4 |- |2012 |9 |12 |- |2013 |7 |6 |- |2014 |8 |5 |- !colspan=2|Total !91 !42 |} ====Internaitional goals==== :''Scores an results leet Argentinae's goal tally first.''<!-- update if goal for Argentina --> {|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |- !Goal!!Date!!Venue!!Opponent!!Score!!Result!!Competition |- |1||1 Mairch 2006||[[St. Jakob-Park]], [[Basel]], [[Switzerland]]||{{fb|CRO}}||align=center|'''2'''–1||align=center|2–3||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |2||16 Juin 2006||[[Veltins-Arena|WM-Stadion Gelsenkirchen]], [[Gelsenkirchen]], [[Germany]]||{{fb|SCG}}||align=center|'''6'''–0||align=center|6–0||[[2006 FIFA World Cup]] |- |3||rowspan=2|5 Juin 2007||rowspan=2|[[Camp Nou]], [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|ALG}}||align=center|'''2'''–2||rowspan=2 align=center|4–3||rowspan=2|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |4||align=center|'''4'''–2 |- |5||8 Julie 2007||[[Estadio Metropolitano de Fútbol de Lara|Metropolitano de Fútbol de Lara]], [[Barquisimeto]], [[Venezuela]]||{{fb|PER}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–0||rowspan=2|[[2007 Copa América]] |- |6||11 Julie 2007||[[Polideportivo Cachamay]], [[Puerto Ordaz]], [[Venezuela]]||{{fb|MEX}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|3–0 |- |7||16 October 2007||[[Estadio José Pachencho Romero|José Pachencho Romero]], [[Maracaibo]], [[Venezuela]]||{{fb|VEN}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–0||rowspan=2|[[2010 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 FIFA Warld Cup qualification]] |- |8||20 November 2007||[[Estadio El Campín]], [[Bogotá]], [[Colombie]]||{{fb|COL}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|1–2 |- |9||4 Juin 2008||[[Qualcomm Stadium]], [[San Diego]], [[Unitit States]]||{{fb|MEX}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–1||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |10||11 October 2008||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|URU}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|2–1||[[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |11||11 Februar 2009||[[Stade Vélodrome]], [[Marseille]], [[Fraunce]]||{{fb|FRA}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–0||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |12||28 Mairch 2009||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|VEN}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|4–0||[[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |13||14 November 2009||[[Vicente Calderón Stadium]], [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]||{{fb|ESP}}||align=center|'''1'''–1||align=center|1–2||rowspan=5|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |14||7 September 2010||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|ESP}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|4–1 |- |15||17 November 2010||[[Khalifa International Stadium]], [[Doha]], [[Qatar]]||{{fb|BRA}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|1–0 |- |16||9 Februar 2011||[[Stade de Genève]], [[Geneva]], [[Swisserland]]||{{fb|POR}}||align=center|'''2'''–1||align=center|2–1 |- |17||20 Juin 2011||rowspan=2|[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|ALB}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–0 |- |18||7 October 2011||{{fb|CHI}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–1||rowspan=2|[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification]] |- |19||15 November 2011||[[Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez]], [[Barranquilla]], [[Colombie]]||{{fb|COL}}||align=center|'''1'''–1||align=center|2–1 |- |20||rowspan=3|29 Februar 2012||rowspan=3|[[Stade de Suisse, Wankdorf|Stade de Suisse Wankdorf]], [[Bern]], [[Switzerland]]||rowspan=3|{{fb|SUI}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=3 align=center|3–1||rowspan=3|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |21||align=center|'''2'''–1 |- |22||align=center|'''3'''–1 |- |23||2 Juin 2012||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|ECU}}||align=center|'''3'''–0||align=center|4–0||[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |24||rowspan=3|9 Juin 2012||rowspan=3|[[MetLife Stadium]], [[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford]], [[Unitit States]]||rowspan=3|{{fb|BRA}}||align=center|'''1'''–1||rowspan=3 align=center|4–3||rowspan=4|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |25||align=center|'''2'''–1 |- |26||align=center|'''4'''–3 |- |27||15 August 2012||[[Commerzbank-Arena]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Germany]]||{{fb|GER}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|3–1 |- |28||7 September 2012||[[Estadio Mario Alberto Kempes]], [[Córdoba, Argentinae|Córdoba]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|PAR}}||align=center|'''3'''–1||align=center|3–1||rowspan=5|[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification]] |- |29||rowspan=2|12 October 2012||rowspan=2|[[Estadio Malvinas Argentinas]], [[Mendoza, Argentinae|Mendoza]], [[Argentina]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|URU}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=2 align=center|3–0 |- |30||align=center|'''3'''–0 |- |31||16 October 2012||[[Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos|Estadio Nacional]], [[Santiago]], [[Chile]]||{{fb|CHI}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|2–1 |- |32||22 Mairch 2013||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|VEN}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|3–0 |- |33||rowspan=3|14 Juin 2013||rowspan=3|[[Estadio Mateo Flores]], [[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala]]||rowspan=3|{{fb|GUA}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=3 align=center|4–0||rowspan=3|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |34||align=center|'''3'''–0 |- |35||align=center|'''4'''–0 |- |36||rowspan=2|10 September 2013||rowspan=2|[[Estadio Defensores del Chaco]], [[Asunción]], [[Paraguay]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|PAR}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=2 align=center|5–2||rowspan=2|[[2014 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |37||align=center|'''4'''–1 |- |38||7 Juin 2014||[[Estadio Ciudad de La Plata]], [[La Plata]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|SVN}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–0||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |39||15 Juin 2014||[[Estádio do Maracanã]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]||{{fb|BIH}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–1||rowspan=4|[[2014 FIFA World Cup]] |- |40||21 Juin 2014||[[Mineirão]], [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brazil]]||{{fb|IRN}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|1–0 |- |41||rowspan=2|25 Juin 2014||rowspan=2|[[Estádio Beira-Rio]], [[Porto Alegre]], [[Brazil]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|NGA}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=2 align=center|3–2 |- |42||align=center|'''2'''–1 |} == Ootside fitbaa == Messi haes three loons. His first son, Thiago, wis born 2 November 2012.{{citation needit}} He is the foonder o the Leo Messi Foundation, that aims tae help bairns in at-risk situations. He appent a bairns' pairk fur bairns bidin in the h hospital at the Varsity hospital Vall d’hebron in Barcelona. ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Lionel Messi}} *{{Official website|http://www.leomessi.com/}} {{ca icon}} {{en icon}} {{es icon}} *[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/messi FC Barcelona profile] *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j1753.html BDFutbol profile] *[http://www.lfp.es/Temporada/FichaJugador.aspx?cj=7450 La Liga profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602121111/http://www.lfp.es/Temporada/FichaJugador.aspx?cj=7450 |date=2013-06-02 }} *{{soccerbase|39850}} *[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=45843&cc=5739 Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323003328/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=45843&cc=5739 |date=2010-03-23 }} at ESPN *{{NFT player|pid=12066}} *{{FIFA player|229397}} *{{UEFA player|95803}} {{FC Barcelona squad}} {{Navboxes colour |title=Awairds |bg=gold |list1= {{FIFA World Player of the Year winners}} {{Ballon d'Or recipients}} {{FIFA Ballon d'Or recipients}} {{World Soccer Footballer of the Year}} {{La Liga Foreign Player of the Year}} {{La Liga Forward of the Year}} {{La Liga Best Player of the Year}} {{Trofeo EFE}} {{FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball}} {{FIFA U-20 World Cup awards}} {{Argentine Footballer of the Year}} {{UEFA Club Footballer of the Year}} {{UEFA Best Player in Europe}} {{Trofeo Alfredo Di Stéfano}} {{Bravo award winners}} {{Golden Boy award winners}} {{La Liga top scorers}} {{Copa del Rey top scorers}} {{European Golden Shoe}} {{UEFA Champions League top scorers}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title=Argentinae squads |bg=#6AB5FF |fg=white |bordercolor=#00355E |list1= {{Argentina squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Argentina squad 2007 Copa América}} {{Argentina men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics}} {{Argentina squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Argentina squad 2011 Copa América}} {{Argentina squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Messi, Lionel}} [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2007 Copa América players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2011 Copa América players]] [[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2018 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2019 Copa América players]] [[Category:2021 Copa América players]] [[Category:2022 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:Argentinae internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentinae youth internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentine expatriate fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentine expatriate sportsfowk in Spain]] [[Category:Argentine fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentine fowk o Italian strynd]] [[Category:Argentine Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:European Fitbawer o the Year winners]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Spain]] [[Category:FC Barcelona B players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona C players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:FIFA Century Club]] [[Category:Fitbawers at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Fowk named in the Panama Papers]] [[Category:Naturalisit ceetizens o Spain]] [[Category:Olympic fitbawers o Argentinae]] [[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for Argentinae]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in fitbaw]] [[Category:Fowk frae Rosario, Santa Fe]] [[Category:Pichichi Trophy winners]] [[Category:Segunda División B players]] [[Category:Tercera División players]] [[Category:UNICEF fowk]] [[Category:Medallists at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Argentinae unner-20 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Major League Soccer players]] [[Category:Inter Miami CF players]] 080gfh3nwzwuazjf7iuoejcv9bi5ave 0 72955 920976 920030 2026-08-17T18:41:02Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox naitional fitbaw team |Name = Germany | Badge = DFBEagle.svg | Badge_size = 200px |FIFA Trigramme = GER |Nickname = ''Nationalmannschaft'' (naitional team), ''Nationalelf'' (naitional eleven) or ''DFB-Elf'' (DFB eleven); ''Die Adler'' (The Eagles); <br> ''Die Mannschaft'' (The Team) is uised maistly bi non-German leid media |Association = [[German Fitbaa Association]]<br>(''Deutscher Fußball-Bund – DFB'') |Confederation = [[UEFA]] ([[Europe]]) | Coach = [[Jürgen Klopp]] | Captain = [[Joshua Kimmich]] | Most caps = [[Lothar Matthäus]] (150) |Top scorer = [[Miroslav Klose]] (71) | FIFA Rank = {{FIFA World Rankings|GER}} |FIFA max = 1<ref name="FIFA Rank">{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/associations/association=ger/ranking/gender=m/index.html |title=Germany: FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking |publisher=[[FIFA]] |accessdate=12 September 2013 |archive-date=2018-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915094915/https://www.fifa.com/associations/association=ger/ranking/gender=m/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |FIFA max date = December 1992, August 1993, December 1993, Februar 1994 – Mairch 1994, Juin 1994, Julie 2014&nbsp;– Juin 2015, Julie 2017, September 2017&nbsp;– Juin 2018 |FIFA min = 22<ref name="FIFA Rank" /> |FIFA min date = Mairch 2006 | Elo Rank = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Germany}} | Elo max = 1 | Elo max date = 1990–92, 1993–94, 1996–97, Julie 2014&nbsp;– Mey 2016, October 2017&nbsp;– November 2017 | Elo min = 17 | Elo min date = 1923 | pattern_la1 = _ger18home | pattern_b1 = _ger18home | pattern_ra1 = _ger18home | pattern_sh1 = _duit18h | pattern_so1 = _3_stripes_black | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = 000000 | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _ger18a_1 | pattern_b2 = _ger18a | pattern_ra2 = _ger18a_1 | pattern_sh2 = _ger18a_1 | pattern_so2 = _ger18a_1 | leftarm2 = 008B9F | body2 = 008B9F | rightarm2 = 008B9F | shorts2 = FFFFFF | socks2 = 008B9F |First game = {{fb|Switzerland}} 5–3 Germany {{flagicon image|Flag of the German Empire.svg}}<br>([[Basel]], [[Swisserland]]; 5 Aprile 1908)<ref name="First game">{{cite web |url=http://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=500395&no_cache=1&action=showMatchesByYear&lang=E&liga=Nationalmannschaft&year=1908&cHash=6854a10c202d81c907c2a45218db5c32 |title=All matches of The National Team in 1908 |publisher = [[German Football Association|DFB]] |accessdate=1 August 2008}}</ref> |Largest win = {{flagicon image|Flag of the German Empire.svg}} Germany 16–0 {{fb-rt|Russia}}<br>([[Stockholm]], [[Swaden]]; 1 Julie 1912)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=500395&no_cache=1&action=showMatchesByYear&lang=E&liga=Nationalmannschaft&year=1912&cHash=f675778cce143a221a74a4982d7ef31d |title=All matches of The National Team in 1912 |publisher=DFB |accessdate=1 August 2008 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225074714/https://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=500395&no_cache=1&action=showMatchesByYear&lang=E&liga=Nationalmannschaft&year=1912&cHash=f675778cce143a221a74a4982d7ef31d%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Largest loss = {{flagicon image|Flag of England.svg}} [[Ingland naitional amateur fitbaw team|Ingland Amateurs]] 9–0 Germany {{flagicon image|Flag of the German Empire.svg}}<br>([[Oxford]], [[Ingland]]; 13 Mairch 1909)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=500395&action=showMatchesByYear&lang=E&liga=Nationalmannschaft&year=1909&cHash=a80eadb1fb |title=All matches of The National Team in 1909 |publisher=DFB |accessdate=1 August 2008}}</ref><ref>Note that this match is nae considered tae be a full internaitional bi the [[The Fitbaa Association|Inglis FA]], an daes nae appear in the records o the [[Ingland naitional fitbaw team|Ingland team]]</ref> |World cup apps = 21 |World cup first = 1934 |World cup best = Champions, [[1954 FIFA Warld Cup|1954]], [[1974 FIFA Warld Cup|1974]], [[1990 FIFA Warld Cup|1990]], [[2014 FIFA Warld Cup|2014]] |Regional name = [[UEFA European Fitbaa Championship|European Championship]] |Regional cup apps = 14 |Regional cup first = [[UEFA Euro 1972|1972]] |Regional cup best = Champions, [[UEFA Euro 1972|1972]], [[UEFA Euro 1980|1980]], [[UEFA Euro 1996|1996]] |Confederations cup apps = 2 |Confederations cup first = [[1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|1999]] |Confederations cup best = 3rd Place, [[2005 FIFA Confederations Cup|2005]] }} The '''Germany naitional fitbaw team''' ({{lang-de|Die deutsche Fußballnationalmannschaft}}) is the [[Association fitbaw|fitbaw]] team that haes representit [[Germany]] in internaitional competeetion syne 1908.<ref name="First game" /> It is govrened bi the [[German Fitbaa Association]] (''Deutscher Fußball-Bund''), foondit in 1900.<ref name="GermanyFIFA">{{cite web |url = http://www.fifa.com/associations/association=ger/index.html |title = Germany |publisher = FIFA |accessdate = 14 January 2012 |archive-date = 2018-11-06 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181106190245/https://www.fifa.com/associations/association=ger/index.html |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/association=ger/profile/index.html |title = Germany's strength in numbers |publisher = UEFA |accessdate = 14 January 2012 |archive-date = 2012-01-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120111092546/http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/association=ger/profile/index.html |url-status = dead }}</ref> Ever syne the DFB wis reinauguratit in 1949 the team haes representit the [[Wast Germany|Federal Republic o Germany]]. Unner Allied occupation an diveesion, twa ither separate naitional teams wur recognisit bi [[FIFA]] an aw: the [[Saarland national fitbaw team|Saarland team]] representin the [[Saarland]] (1950–1956) an the [[East Germany naitional fitbaw team|East German team]] representin the [[East Germany|German Democratic Republic]] (1952–1990). Baith hae been absorbit alang wi thair records<ref name="Most-capped players">{{cite web |url = http://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=500396 |title = Statistics – Most-capped players |publisher = DFB |accessdate = 11 October 2011 |archive-date = 2011-06-08 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110608152502/http://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=500396 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="Top scorers">{{cite web |url=http://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=500398 |title=Statistics – Top scorers |publisher=DFB |accessdate=11 October 2011 |archive-date=2011-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608152526/http://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=500398 |url-status=dead }}</ref> bi the current naitional team. The offeecial name an code "Germany FR (FRG)" wis shortened tae "Germany (GER)" follaein the reunification in 1990. Germany is ane o the maist successfu naitional teams in internaitional competeetions, haein wan a tot o fower [[FIFA Warld Cup|Warld Cups]] ([[1954 FIFA Warld Cup|1954]], [[1974 FIFA Warld Cup|1974]], [[1990 FIFA Warld Cup|1990]], [[2014 FIFA Warld Cup|2014]]) an three [[UEFA European Championship|European Championships]] ([[UEFA Euro 1972|1972]], [[UEFA Euro 1980|1980]], [[UEFA Euro 1996|1996]]).<ref name="GermanyFIFA" /> Thay hae been runners-up three times in the European Championships, fower times in the Warld Cup, an hae wan a faur fower third places an aw.<ref name="GermanyFIFA" /> East Germany wan Olympic Gowd in 1976.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=512/edition=197121/index.html |title=Olympic Football Tournament Montreal 1976 |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=28 December 2011 |archive-date=2012-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119231416/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=512/edition=197121/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the end o the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Germany earned the heichest [[World Football Elo Ratings|Elo ratin]] o ony naitional fitbaw team in history, wi a record 2200 pynts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Silver |first=Nate |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/germany-may-be-the-best-national-soccer-team-ever/ |authorlink=Nate Silver |title=Germany May Be the Best National Soccer Team Ever |date=13 July 2014 |accessdate=15 July 2014 |newspaper=FiveThirtyEight |archive-date=2014-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019113109/http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/germany-may-be-the-best-national-soccer-team-ever/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Germany is the anerly naition tae hae won baith [[FIFA World Cup|the men's]] an [[FIFA Women's World Cup|women's World Cups]]. Germany is the anerly European naition that haes qualifee'd for ivery FIFA Warld Cup thay hae been permittit tae enter an aw. [[Brazil naitional fitbaw team|Brazil]] is the anerly ither side in the warld wi this distinction. == Players == === Current squad === The follaein players wur cawed up for the [[Exhibition game|friendly match]] against {{nft|Australie}} on 25 Mairch 2015 an the [[UEFA Euro 2016 qualifyin]] match against {{nft|Georgia}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Das Team|url=http://www.dfb.de/die-nationalmannschaft/team/?no_cache=1|publisher=[[German Football Association|DFB]]|accessdate=20 March 2015|archive-date=2015-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321043447/http://www.dfb.de/die-nationalmannschaft/team/?no_cache=1|url-status=dead}}</ref><br/> ''Caps an goals as o 5 October 2017 efter the match against [[Northren Ireland naitional fitbaw team|Northren Ireland]].''<ref>{{cite web|title=The "Mannschaft"|url=https://www.dfb.de/die-mannschaft/team/?no_cache=1|publisher=[[German Football Association|DFB]]|accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref> {{nat fs g start|background=#000000|color=#ffffff}} {{nat fs g player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Kevin Trapp]]|age={{birth date and age|1990|7|8|df=y}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]|clubnat=FRA}} {{nat fs g player|no=12|pos=GK|name=[[Bernd Leno]]|age={{Birth date and age|1992|3|4|df=y}}|caps=5|goals=0|club=[[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]]|clubnat=GER}} {{nat fs g player|no=22|pos=GK|name=[[Marc-André ter Stegen]]|age={{Birth date and age|1992|4|30|df=y}}|caps=17|goals=0|club=[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]|clubnat=ESP}} {{nat fs break|background=#000000}} {{nat fs g player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Shkodran Mustafi]]|age={{Birth date and age|1992|4|17|df=y}}|caps=19|goals=2|club=[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]|clubnat=ENG}} {{nat fs g player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Marvin Plattenhardt]]|age={{Birth date and age|1992|1|26|df=y}}|caps=4|goals=0|club=[[Hertha BSC]]|clubnat=GER}} {{nat fs g player|no=4|pos=DF|name=[[Matthias Ginter]]|age={{Birth date and age|1994|1|19|df=y}}|caps=15|goals=0|club=[[Borussia Mönchengladbach]]|clubnat=GER}} {{nat fs g player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Mats Hummels]]|age={{Birth date and age|1988|12|16|df=y}}|caps=60|goals=5|club=[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]|clubnat=GER}} {{nat fs g player|no=6|pos=DF|name=[[Niklas Süle]]|age={{Birth date and age|1995|9|3|df=y}}|caps=6|goals=0|club=[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]|clubnat=GER}} {{nat fs g player|no=16|pos=DF|name=[[Antonio Rüdiger]]|age={{Birth date and age|1993|3|3|df=y}}|caps=19|goals=0|club=[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]|clubnat=ENG}} {{nat fs g player|no=17|pos=DF|name=[[Jérôme Boateng]]|age={{Birth date and age|1988|9|3|df=y}}|caps=68|goals=1|club=[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]|clubnat=GER}} {{nat fs g player|no=18|pos=DF|name=[[Joshua Kimmich]]|age={{Birth date and age|1995|2|8|df=y}}|caps=23|goals=3|club=[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]|clubnat=GER}} {{nat fs break|background=#000000}} {{nat fs g player|no=7|pos=MF|name=[[Julian Draxler]]|age={{birth date and age|1993|9|20|df=y}}|caps=38|goals=6|club=[[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]|clubnat=FRA}} {{nat fs g player|no=14|pos=MF|name=[[Emre Can]]|age={{Birth date and age|1994|1|12|df=y}}|caps=17|goals=0|club=[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]|clubnat=ENG}} {{nat fs g player|no=15|pos=MF|name=[[Amin Younes]]|age={{birth date and age|1993|8|6|df=y}}|caps=4|goals=2|club=[[AFC Ajax|Ajax]]|clubnat=NED}} {{nat fs g player|no=19|pos=MF|name=[[Leon Goretzka]]|age={{Birth date and age|1995|2|6|df=y}}|caps=11|goals=4|club=[[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]]|clubnat=GER}} {{nat fs g player|no=20|pos=MF|name=[[Julian Brandt]]|age={{birth date and age|1996|5|2|df=y}}|caps=11|goals=1|club=[[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]]|clubnat=GER}} {{nat fs g player|no=21|pos=MF|name=[[Sebastian Rudy]]|age={{birth date and age|1990|2|28|df=y}}|caps=22|goals=1|club=[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]|clubnat=GER}} {{nat fs g player|no=23|pos=MF|name=[[Leroy Sané]]|age={{Birth date and age|1996|1|11|df=y}}|caps=7|goals=0|club=[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]|clubnat=ENG}} {{nat fs break|background=#000000}} {{nat fs g player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Sandro Wagner]]|age={{Birth date and age|1987|11|29|df=y}}|caps=4|goals=4|club=[[TSG 1899 Hoffenheim|1899 Hoffenheim]]|clubnat=GER}} {{nat fs g player|no=10|pos=FW|name=[[Lars Stindl]]|age={{Birth date and age|1988|8|26|df=y}}|caps=8|goals=3|club=[[Borussia Mönchengladbach]]|clubnat=GER}} {{nat fs g player|no=13|pos=FW|name=[[Thomas Müller]]|age={{Birth date and age|1989|9|13|df=y}}|caps=88|goals=37|club=[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]|clubnat=GER}} {{nat fs end|background=#000000}} === Recent caw-ups === The follaein players hae an aa been cawed up tae the Germany squad within the last 12 month an are still available for selection. <!-- Sorted by position, most recent call-up, caps, goals and last name. --> {{nat fs r start|background=#000000|color=#ffffff}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=GK|name=[[Manuel Neuer]]|other=[[Caiptain (association fitbaw)|Caiptain]]|age={{Birth date and age|1986|3|27|df=y}}|caps=74|goals=0|club=[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]|clubnat=GER|latest=v. {{fb|ENG}}, 22 Mairch 2017 ^INJ}} {{nat fs break|background=#000000}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Jonas Hector]]|age={{Birth date and age|1990|5|27|df=y}}|caps=35|goals=3|club=[[1. FC Köln]]|clubnat=GER|latest=v. {{fb|NOR}}, 4 September 2017}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Benjamin Henrichs]]|age={{Birth date and age|1997|2|23|df=y}}|caps=3|goals=0|club=[[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]]|clubnat=GER|latest=v. {{fb|NOR}}, 4 September 2017}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Benedikt Höwedes]]|age={{Birth date and age|1988|2|29|df=y}}|caps=44|goals=2|club=[[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]|clubnat=ITA|latest=v. {{fb|AZE}}, 26 Mairch 2017}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Jonathan Tah]]|age={{Birth date and age|1996|2|11|df=y}}|caps=3|goals=0|club=[[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]]|clubnat=GER|latest=v. {{fb|ITA}}, 15 November 2016}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Yannick Gerhardt]]|age={{Birth date and age|1994|3|13|df=y}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[VfL Wolfsburg]]|clubnat=GER|latest=v. {{fb|ITA}}, 15 November 2016}} {{nat fs break|background=#000000}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Toni Kroos]]|age={{Birth date and age|1990|1|4|df=y}}|caps=79|goals=12|club=[[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]|clubnat=ESP|latest=v. {{fb|NIR}}, 5 October 2017 ^INJ}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Mesut Özil]]|age={{birth date and age|1988|10|15|df=y}}|caps=86|goals=22|club=[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]|clubnat=ENG|latest=v. {{fb|NOR}}, 4 September 2017}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Sami Khedira]]|age={{Birth date and age|1987|4|4|df=y}}|caps=71|goals=7|club=[[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]|clubnat=ITA|latest=v. {{fb|NOR}}, 4 September 2017}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Serge Gnabry]]|age={{Birth date and age|1995|7|14|df=y}}|caps=2|goals=3|club=[[TSG 1899 Hoffenheim|1899 Hoffenheim]]|clubnat=GER|latest=v. {{fb|CZE}}, 1 September 2017 ^PRE}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Kerem Demirbay]]|age={{birth date and age|1993|7|3|df=y}}|caps=2|goals=1|club=[[TSG 1899 Hoffenheim|1899 Hoffenheim]]|clubnat=GER|latest=[[2017 FIFA Confederations Cup]]}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Diego Demme]]|age={{birth date and age|1991|11|21|df=y}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[RB Leipzig]]|clubnat=GER|latest=[[2017 FIFA Confederations Cup]] ^PRE}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Julian Weigl]]|age={{Birth date and age|1995|9|8|df=y}}|caps=5|goals=0|club=[[Borussia Dortmund]]|clubnat=GER|latest=v. {{fb|AZE}}, 26 March 2017}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Mario Götze]]|age={{Birth date and age|1992|6|3|df=y}}|caps=62|goals=17|club=[[Borussia Dortmund]]|clubnat=GER|latest=v. {{fb|ITA}}, 15 November 2016}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[İlkay Gündoğan]]|age={{birth date and age|1990|10|24|df=y}}|caps=20|goals=4|club=[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]|clubnat=ENG|latest=v. {{fb|ITA}}, 15 November 2016}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Kevin Volland]]|age={{birth date and age|1992|7|30|df=y}}|caps=10|goals=1|club=[[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]]|clubnat=GER|latest=v. {{fb|ITA}}, 15 November 2016}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Max Meyer (fitbawer)|Max Meyer]]|age={{Birth date and age|1995|9|18|df=y}}|caps=4|goals=1|club=[[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]]|clubnat=GER|latest=v. {{fb|ITA}}, 15 November 2016}} {{nat fs break|background=#000000}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Mario Gómez]]|age={{Birth date and age|1985|7|10|df=y}}|caps=71|goals=31|club=[[VfL Wolfsburg]]|clubnat=GER|latest=v. {{fb|NOR}}, 4 September 2017}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Timo Werner]]|age={{Birth date and age|1996|3|6|df=y}}|caps=8|goals=6|club=[[RB Leipzig]]|clubnat=GER|latest=v. {{fb|NOR}}, 4 September 2017}} {{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[André Schürrle]]|age={{Birth date and age|1990|11|6|df=y}}|caps=57|goals=22|club=[[Borussia Dortmund]]|clubnat=GER|latest=v. {{fb|AZE}}, 26 Mairch 2017}} {{nat fs end|background=#000000}} == Trophies == {| class="wikitable" style="width:30%; font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- !Competition !!{{gold1}} !!{{silver2}} !!{{bronze3}} !!Tot |- |align=left|[[FIFA Warld Cup|Warld Championship]] |4 || 4 || 4 || 12 |- |align=left|[[UEFA European Championship|European Championship]] |3 || 3 || 2 || 8 |- |align=left|[[FIFA Confederations Cup|Confederations Cup]] |0 || 0 || 1 || 1 |- |align=left|[[Fitbaa at the Simmer Olympics|Olympic Gemmes]] |0 || 0 || 1 || 1 |- ! Tot !! 7 !! 7 !! 8 !! 22 |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Germany Naitional Fitbaa Team}} [[Category:Germany naitional fitbaw team| ]] [[Category:European naitional association fitbaw teams]] [[Category:FIFA Warld Cup-winnin kintras]] [[Category:UEFA European Championship-winnin kintras]] [[Category:Naitional sports teams o Germany|Fitbaa]] [[Category:Recipients o the Siller Laurel Leaf]] moc2fo2l2gkn5f8mbzi6ewfngg8v6gp 0 73162 920914 826784 2026-08-17T17:22:35Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Igualada | native_name = | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | flag_alt = | image_shield = Escut heràldic d'Igualada.svg | shield_size = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = Spain Catalonia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Catalonie | coordinates = {{coord|41|35|N|1|37|E|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonia}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Anoia]] | established_title = | established_date = | leader_party = Convergència i Unió | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Marc Castells i Berzosa | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 8.12 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 313 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 38918 | population_as_of = 2009 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 08700 | area_code_type = | area_code = Martorell | website = {{official website|http://www.igualada.cat}} | footnotes = }} '''Igualada''' ({{IPA-ca|iɣwəˈɫaðə}}) is a [[municipality]] o the [[province o Barcelona]] in [[Spain]]. It is locatit on the left bank o the [[Anoia river]], an at the wastren end o the Igualada-[[Martorell]]-[[Barcelona]] [[railwey]]. Igualada is the caipital an central mercat o the [[Anoia]] [[comarca]], a rich [[agricultural]] an [[wine]]-producin destrict. The population, as o 2009, is 38,918. The ceety consists o a auld toun, oreeginatit in the 11t century, wi narrae an irregular streets, includin the remains o a [[fortress]] an [[defensive waw|ramparts]], plus a new surroondin toun wi regular an spacious streets an mony feene hooses. The ceety is {{convert|65|km|0|abbr=off}} wast frae Barcelona an {{convert|20|km|0|abbr=off}} wast frae the famous [[Montserrat (muntain)|muntain]] an monastery o [[Santa Maria de Montserrat|Montserrat]]. Igualada hosts the [[European Balloon Festival]], the lairgest [[hot air balloon festival]] in Spain an ane o the lairgest in Europe. It taks place ivery year, syne 1997, at the beginnin o Julie. The ceety hosts the [[Aerosport (airshow)|Aerosport airshow]] which taks place ivery year in Apryl or Mey an aw. == Main sichts== [[File:Igualada-Museu de la Pell (7).JPG|thumb|left|Barrel for laither [[tannin]], [[Igualada Leather Museum]]]] ===Igualada Leather Museum === {{main|Igualada Leather Museum}} The ''[[Igualada Leather Museum]]'' (''Museu de la Pell d'Igualada'') wis creatit in 1954 an wis the first [[laither]] museum in [[Spain]], an the third in [[Europe]]. The collections are displayed in twa nearbi biggins in Igualada: the "Cal Boyer" biggin, a umwhile [[cotton]] textile factory frae the late 19t century, an the "Cal Granotes" biggin, a 18t-century [[tannin|tannery]]. "Cal Granotes" displays twa floors o a teepical tannery: the grund floor, whaur the laither preparation an tannin wis done, an the upper floor, whaur the laither wis dree'd hangin frae bars. In the early 18t century, the tannin wirkers frae Igualada decidit tae leave the enclosur o the medieval waws an established new industries alang a watter pipe or irrigation [[ditch]] namit "El Rec", awready mentioned in 12t century documents an previously uised bi mills. The ditch haes a lenth o 3049 metres an collects the Anoia river watter frae a [[Lock (watter transport)|lock]]. ===Muleteer's Museum (Museu del Traginer)=== {{main|Igualada Muleteer's Museum}} The "[[Igualada Muleteer's Museum]] - Antoni Ros Collection" explains the evolution o transport uisin ainimals sic as [[mule]]s, [[horse]], [[oxen]], an the different relationships that pavit the wey for the profeesion o [[muleteer]]. It is distributit intae three main thematic auries: [[profeesion]]s, [[saidle]]s an [[bridle]]s, an [[cairiage]]s. ===Igualada Cemetery === {{main|Igualada Cemetery}} The new [[Igualada Cemetery]] wis designed bi the airchitects [[Enric Miralles]] an [[Carme Pinós]] efter winnin a airchitectural competeetion in 1984. Constructit atween 1985 an 1994 as a replacement for the auld "Cemetery Vell", it haes acome widely regardit as ane o the maist poetic wirks o the 20t century Catalan airchitectur. Enric Miralles, who dee'd in year 2000 is buriet in ane o the tombs. [[File:Igualada pan01.jpg|thumb|centre|700px|Panoramic view o the new [[Igualada Cemetery]]]] ===Kirk o Santa Maria=== {{main|Basilica o Santa Maria, Igualada}} The Basilica o Santa Maria is the maist important historical biggin o Igualada. The first dounset o Igualada is datit aroond year 1000, in the location wur the current kirk lees the day, which wis at that time a crossin o 2 routes which wur linkin [[Barcelona]] wi [[Aragon]], an north o [[Catalonie]] wi its sooth. Santa Maria kirk oreegin is frae the 11t century, but the current biggin is mainly frae the 17t century. Durin the [[Spaingie Ceevil War]] it wis convertit intae a mercat, an wis restored efter the war, unner the guidance o the airchitect [[Cèsar Martinell]]. In 1949 Santa Maria obtained the title o [[Minor Basilica]] grantit bi the [[Pape Pius XII]]. ===Nourcin hame "Asil del Sant Crist"=== The ''asil del Sant Crist'' is ane o the maist special biggins in Igualada an serves as a [[nourcin hame]] o elder fowk. Construction stairtit in year 1931 thanks tae a donation frae Magdalena, Dolors an Concepció Castells an feenished in 1941 efter the [[Spainyie Ceevil War]]. It wis designed bi Joan Rubió i Bellver, pupil o [[Antoni Gaudí]], in late [[modernisme]] style, mixed wi influences frae the tradeetional Catalan airchitectur. ==Economy== The local industries, mainly developit syne 1880, include the manufactur o [[cotton]], [[linen]], [[oo]], [[ribbon]]s, [[cloth]], [[chocolate]], [[saip]], [[brandies]], [[laither]], cards an [[nail (ingineerin)|nails]]. Igualada haes a lang tradeetion o [[tannin]] an [[textile]] industries. The competeetion frae law cost kintras which produce inexpensive textile products an the stricter [[environmental law]]s applee'd on tanneries hae haed a serious impact in the local economy. Despite that, thare are several well-kent textile companies that keep thair heidquairters in Igualada, includin [[Buff (heidgear)|Buff]], [[Sita Murt]] an [[Punto Blanco]]. Igualada is hame tae [[Ultramagic]] an aw, the anerly manufacturer o [[hot air balloon]]s in Spain. == Sports == *Igualada is hame tae the [[Igualada Hoquei Club]], foondit in 1950 an ane o the tap [[roller hockey]] clubs in Europe, haein wan the European Champions League o Rink Hockey 6 times an the Spaingie League 5 times. *The local soccer team is [[CF Igualada]], foondit in 1939 an currently playin at the [[Primera Catalana]] league. ==Internaitional relations== {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Spain}} ===Twin touns – Sister ceeties=== Igualada is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lecco]], [[Italy]] *{{flagicon|POR}} [[Guimarães]], [[Portugal]] *{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Alcántara]], Spain *{{flagicon|SLV}} [[:es:Nueva Esperanza (El Salvador)|Nueva Esperanza]], [[Jiquilisco]], [[El Salvador]] == References == * Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). ''Guia de Catalunya'', Barcelona:Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spaingie). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan). * {{EB1911}} == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.igualadaturisme.cat/ Igualada tourism office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407021845/http://www.igualadaturisme.cat/ |date=2014-04-07 }} {{en icon}} {{fr icon}} {{es icon}} {{ca icon}} * [http://www.igualada.cat/ Igualada offeecial steid] {{ca icon}} * [http://oslo.geodata.es/igualada/ Igualada Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081101052118/http://oslo.geodata.es/igualada/ |date=2008-11-01 }} * [http://www.idescat.net/territ/BasicTerr?TC=6&V0=1&CTX=B&ALLINFO=TRUE&V1=08102&VOK=Confirmar Igualada statistics], frae [[Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya]] <BR> {{Geographic location |Centre = Igualada |N = |NE = [[Òdena]] |E = |SE = [[Vilanova del Camí]] |S = [[Santa Margarida de Montbui]] |SW = |W = [[Jorba]] |NW = }} {{Anoia}} {{Municipalities in Barcelona}} [[Category:Igualada| ]] [[Category:Municipalities in Anoia]] muy6knq7mfhqxf6asp5ibquozhfid9u 921045 920914 2026-08-17T23:37:47Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Igualada | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | image_shield = Escut heràldic d'Igualada.svg | pushpin_map = Spain Catalonia | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Catalonie | coordinates = {{coord|41|35|N|1|37|E|display=inline}} | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonia}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Anoia]] | leader_party = Convergència i Unió | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Marc Castells i Berzosa | area_total_km2 = 8.12 | elevation_m = 313 | population_total = 38918 | population_as_of = 2009 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 08700 | area_code = Martorell | website = {{official website|http://www.igualada.cat}} }} '''Igualada''' ({{IPA-ca|iɣwəˈɫaðə}}) is a [[municipality]] o the [[province o Barcelona]] in [[Spain]]. It is locatit on the left bank o the [[Anoia river]], an at the wastren end o the Igualada-[[Martorell]]-[[Barcelona]] [[railwey]]. Igualada is the caipital an central mercat o the [[Anoia]] [[comarca]], a rich [[agricultural]] an [[wine]]-producin destrict. The population, as o 2009, is 38,918. The ceety consists o a auld toun, oreeginatit in the 11t century, wi narrae an irregular streets, includin the remains o a [[fortress]] an [[defensive waw|ramparts]], plus a new surroondin toun wi regular an spacious streets an mony feene hooses. The ceety is {{convert|65|km|0|abbr=off}} wast frae Barcelona an {{convert|20|km|0|abbr=off}} wast frae the famous [[Montserrat (muntain)|muntain]] an monastery o [[Santa Maria de Montserrat|Montserrat]]. Igualada hosts the [[European Balloon Festival]], the lairgest [[hot air balloon festival]] in Spain an ane o the lairgest in Europe. It taks place ivery year, syne 1997, at the beginnin o Julie. The ceety hosts the [[Aerosport (airshow)|Aerosport airshow]] which taks place ivery year in Apryl or Mey an aw. == Main sichts== [[File:Igualada-Museu de la Pell (7).JPG|thumb|left|Barrel for laither [[tannin]], [[Igualada Leather Museum]]]] ===Igualada Leather Museum === {{main|Igualada Leather Museum}} The ''[[Igualada Leather Museum]]'' (''Museu de la Pell d'Igualada'') wis creatit in 1954 an wis the first [[laither]] museum in [[Spain]], an the third in [[Europe]]. The collections are displayed in twa nearbi biggins in Igualada: the "Cal Boyer" biggin, a umwhile [[cotton]] textile factory frae the late 19t century, an the "Cal Granotes" biggin, a 18t-century [[tannin|tannery]]. "Cal Granotes" displays twa floors o a teepical tannery: the grund floor, whaur the laither preparation an tannin wis done, an the upper floor, whaur the laither wis dree'd hangin frae bars. In the early 18t century, the tannin wirkers frae Igualada decidit tae leave the enclosur o the medieval waws an established new industries alang a watter pipe or irrigation [[ditch]] namit "El Rec", awready mentioned in 12t century documents an previously uised bi mills. The ditch haes a lenth o 3049 metres an collects the Anoia river watter frae a [[Lock (watter transport)|lock]]. ===Muleteer's Museum (Museu del Traginer)=== {{main|Igualada Muleteer's Museum}} The "[[Igualada Muleteer's Museum]] - Antoni Ros Collection" explains the evolution o transport uisin ainimals sic as [[mule]]s, [[horse]], [[oxen]], an the different relationships that pavit the wey for the profeesion o [[muleteer]]. It is distributit intae three main thematic auries: [[profeesion]]s, [[saidle]]s an [[bridle]]s, an [[cairiage]]s. ===Igualada Cemetery === {{main|Igualada Cemetery}} The new [[Igualada Cemetery]] wis designed bi the airchitects [[Enric Miralles]] an [[Carme Pinós]] efter winnin a airchitectural competeetion in 1984. Constructit atween 1985 an 1994 as a replacement for the auld "Cemetery Vell", it haes acome widely regardit as ane o the maist poetic wirks o the 20t century Catalan airchitectur. Enric Miralles, who dee'd in year 2000 is buriet in ane o the tombs. [[File:Igualada pan01.jpg|thumb|centre|700px|Panoramic view o the new [[Igualada Cemetery]]]] ===Kirk o Santa Maria=== {{main|Basilica o Santa Maria, Igualada}} The Basilica o Santa Maria is the maist important historical biggin o Igualada. The first dounset o Igualada is datit aroond year 1000, in the location wur the current kirk lees the day, which wis at that time a crossin o 2 routes which wur linkin [[Barcelona]] wi [[Aragon]], an north o [[Catalonie]] wi its sooth. Santa Maria kirk oreegin is frae the 11t century, but the current biggin is mainly frae the 17t century. Durin the [[Spaingie Ceevil War]] it wis convertit intae a mercat, an wis restored efter the war, unner the guidance o the airchitect [[Cèsar Martinell]]. In 1949 Santa Maria obtained the title o [[Minor Basilica]] grantit bi the [[Pape Pius XII]]. ===Nourcin hame "Asil del Sant Crist"=== The ''asil del Sant Crist'' is ane o the maist special biggins in Igualada an serves as a [[nourcin hame]] o elder fowk. Construction stairtit in year 1931 thanks tae a donation frae Magdalena, Dolors an Concepció Castells an feenished in 1941 efter the [[Spainyie Ceevil War]]. It wis designed bi Joan Rubió i Bellver, pupil o [[Antoni Gaudí]], in late [[modernisme]] style, mixed wi influences frae the tradeetional Catalan airchitectur. ==Economy== The local industries, mainly developit syne 1880, include the manufactur o [[cotton]], [[linen]], [[oo]], [[ribbon]]s, [[cloth]], [[chocolate]], [[saip]], [[brandies]], [[laither]], cards an [[nail (ingineerin)|nails]]. Igualada haes a lang tradeetion o [[tannin]] an [[textile]] industries. The competeetion frae law cost kintras which produce inexpensive textile products an the stricter [[environmental law]]s applee'd on tanneries hae haed a serious impact in the local economy. Despite that, thare are several well-kent textile companies that keep thair heidquairters in Igualada, includin [[Buff (heidgear)|Buff]], [[Sita Murt]] an [[Punto Blanco]]. Igualada is hame tae [[Ultramagic]] an aw, the anerly manufacturer o [[hot air balloon]]s in Spain. == Sports == *Igualada is hame tae the [[Igualada Hoquei Club]], foondit in 1950 an ane o the tap [[roller hockey]] clubs in Europe, haein wan the European Champions League o Rink Hockey 6 times an the Spaingie League 5 times. *The local soccer team is [[CF Igualada]], foondit in 1939 an currently playin at the [[Primera Catalana]] league. ==Internaitional relations== {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Spain}} ===Twin touns – Sister ceeties=== Igualada is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lecco]], [[Italy]] *{{flagicon|POR}} [[Guimarães]], [[Portugal]] *{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Alcántara]], Spain *{{flagicon|SLV}} [[:es:Nueva Esperanza (El Salvador)|Nueva Esperanza]], [[Jiquilisco]], [[El Salvador]] == References == * Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). ''Guia de Catalunya'', Barcelona:Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spaingie). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan). * {{EB1911}} == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.igualadaturisme.cat/ Igualada tourism office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407021845/http://www.igualadaturisme.cat/ |date=2014-04-07 }} {{en icon}} {{fr icon}} {{es icon}} {{ca icon}} * [http://www.igualada.cat/ Igualada offeecial steid] {{ca icon}} * [http://oslo.geodata.es/igualada/ Igualada Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081101052118/http://oslo.geodata.es/igualada/ |date=2008-11-01 }} * [http://www.idescat.net/territ/BasicTerr?TC=6&V0=1&CTX=B&ALLINFO=TRUE&V1=08102&VOK=Confirmar Igualada statistics], frae [[Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya]] <BR> {{Geographic location |Centre = Igualada |N = |NE = [[Òdena]] |E = |SE = [[Vilanova del Camí]] |S = [[Santa Margarida de Montbui]] |SW = |W = [[Jorba]] |NW = }} {{Anoia}} {{Municipalities in Barcelona}} [[Category:Igualada| ]] [[Category:Municipalities in Anoia]] 9noo84hjqe6j1gp4j6ogkalwjng58fn 0 73242 920965 842159 2026-08-17T18:36:52Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Álava | native_name = Araba | official_name = Historical Territory o Álava{{ref|a|1}} | settlement_type = Province | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Álava.svg | flag_size = | flag_alt = Flag of Álava | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Álava.svg | shield_size = | shield_alt = Coat-of-arms of Álava | motto = | image_map = Alava in Spain.svg | mapsize = | map_alt = | map_caption = | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = | subdivision_type = [[Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Basque Kintra}} | seat_type = [[Caipital ceety|Caipital]] | seat = [[Vitoria-Gasteiz]] | area_total_km2 = 2,963 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 322,557 | population_note = | population_blank1_title = [[Leet o Spaingie provinces bi population|Rankit]] | population_blank1 = 41 | population_blank2_title = Percent | population_blank2 = 0.68% | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics1_name1 = | demographics1_info1 = Alavés | demographics_type2 = [[Demonym]] | demographics2_name1 = | demographics2_info1 = | demographics2_name2 = | demographics2_info2 = | demographics2_name3 = | demographics2_info3 = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Offeecial leid]]s | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]], [[Basque leid|Basque]] | blank2_name_sec1 = | blank2_info_sec1 = | blank_name_sec2 = Pairlament | blank_info_sec2 = [[Cortes Generales]] | blank1_name_sec2 = [[Congress o Deputies (Spain)|Congress seats]] | blank1_info_sec2 = 4 | blank2_name_sec2 = [[Spaingie Senate|Senate seats]] | blank2_info_sec2 = 4 | blank3_name_sec2 = [[Juntas Generales|Juntas Generales de Álava]] | blank3_info_sec2 = 51 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = 01 | leader_title = Deputy General | leader_name = [[Javier de Andrés]] ([[Fowkpairty (Spain)|Fowkpairty]]) | leader_party = | website = [http://www.araba.net/ Diputación Foral de Álava] | footnotes = :1.{{note|a}} Complete offeecial names: '''Arabako Lurralde Historikoa / Territorio Histórico de Álava''' }} '''Álava''' ({{IPA-es|ˈalaβa|IPA}} in [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]) or '''Araba''' ({{IPA-eu|aˈɾaba|IPA}} in [[Basque leid|Basque]]), offeecially '''Araba/Álava''',<ref>[http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2011/07/06/pdfs/BOE-A-2011-11606.pdf Ley 19/2011, de 5 de julio, por la que pasan a denominarse oficialmente "Araba/Álava", "Gipuzkoa" y "Bizkaia" las demarcaciones provinciales llamadas anteriormente "Álava", "Guipúzcoa" y "Vizcaya"]</ref> is a [[Provinces o Spain|province o Spain]] an a historical territory o the [[Basque Kintra (autonomous commonty)|Basque Kintra]], heir o the auncient Laird o Álava. Its caipital ceety is [[Vitoria-Gasteiz]] whilk is the caipital o the [[Basque Kintra (autonomous community)|autonomous commonty]] an aw. It haes mairches the Basque provinces o [[Biscay]] an [[Gipuzkoa]] tae the north, the commonty o [[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]] tae the sooth, the [[province o Burgos]] (in the commonity o [[Castile an León]]) tae the wast an the commonty o [[Navarre]] tae the east. The [[Enclave o Treviño]] is pairt o the [[province o Burgos]], no Álava. It is the lairgest o the three provinces in the Basque Autonomous Commonty in geographical terms, wi 2,963 [[Square kilometre|km²]], but the least populatit an aw wi 322,557 indwellers (2012). ==See an aw== {{portal|Basque}} *[[Antoñana]] *[[Basque Economic Greement]] *[[Leet o municipalities in the province o Álava]] *[[Natura 2000]] ==Footnotes== {{Commonscat|Álava-Araba}} <references/> {{Euskal Herria provinces}} {{Provinces o Spain}} {{coord|42|50.67|N|2|45.62|W|region:ES_type:adm2nd|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alava}} [[Category:Álava| ]] [[Category:Wine regions o Spain]] r610geozqs4glnh4aggyd9kbfywyo6o 921014 920965 2026-08-17T23:07:34Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Álava | native_name = Araba | official_name = Historical Territory o Álava{{ref|a|1}} | settlement_type = Province | image_flag = Flag of Álava.svg | flag_alt = Flag of Álava | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Álava.svg | shield_alt = Coat-of-arms of Álava | image_map = Alava in Spain.svg | subdivision_type = [[Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Basque Kintra}} | seat_type = [[Caipital ceety|Caipital]] | seat = [[Vitoria-Gasteiz]] | area_total_km2 = 2,963 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 322,557 | population_blank1_title = [[Leet o Spaingie provinces bi population|Rankit]] | population_blank1 = 41 | population_blank2_title = Percent | population_blank2 = 0.68% | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics1_info1 = Alavés | demographics_type2 = [[Demonym]] | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Offeecial leid]]s | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]], [[Basque leid|Basque]] | blank_name_sec2 = Pairlament | blank_info_sec2 = [[Cortes Generales]] | blank1_name_sec2 = [[Congress o Deputies (Spain)|Congress seats]] | blank1_info_sec2 = 4 | blank2_name_sec2 = [[Spaingie Senate|Senate seats]] | blank2_info_sec2 = 4 | blank3_name_sec2 = [[Juntas Generales|Juntas Generales de Álava]] | blank3_info_sec2 = 51 | postal_code = 01 | leader_title = Deputy General | leader_name = [[Javier de Andrés]] ([[Fowkpairty (Spain)|Fowkpairty]]) | website = [http://www.araba.net/ Diputación Foral de Álava] | footnotes = :1.{{note|a}} Complete offeecial names: '''Arabako Lurralde Historikoa / Territorio Histórico de Álava''' }} '''Álava''' ({{IPA-es|ˈalaβa|IPA}} in [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]) or '''Araba''' ({{IPA-eu|aˈɾaba|IPA}} in [[Basque leid|Basque]]), offeecially '''Araba/Álava''',<ref>[http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2011/07/06/pdfs/BOE-A-2011-11606.pdf Ley 19/2011, de 5 de julio, por la que pasan a denominarse oficialmente "Araba/Álava", "Gipuzkoa" y "Bizkaia" las demarcaciones provinciales llamadas anteriormente "Álava", "Guipúzcoa" y "Vizcaya"]</ref> is a [[Provinces o Spain|province o Spain]] an a historical territory o the [[Basque Kintra (autonomous commonty)|Basque Kintra]], heir o the auncient Laird o Álava. Its caipital ceety is [[Vitoria-Gasteiz]] whilk is the caipital o the [[Basque Kintra (autonomous community)|autonomous commonty]] an aw. It haes mairches the Basque provinces o [[Biscay]] an [[Gipuzkoa]] tae the north, the commonty o [[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]] tae the sooth, the [[province o Burgos]] (in the commonity o [[Castile an León]]) tae the wast an the commonty o [[Navarre]] tae the east. The [[Enclave o Treviño]] is pairt o the [[province o Burgos]], no Álava. It is the lairgest o the three provinces in the Basque Autonomous Commonty in geographical terms, wi 2,963 [[Square kilometre|km²]], but the least populatit an aw wi 322,557 indwellers (2012). ==See an aw== {{portal|Basque}} *[[Antoñana]] *[[Basque Economic Greement]] *[[Leet o municipalities in the province o Álava]] *[[Natura 2000]] ==Footnotes== {{Commonscat|Álava-Araba}} <references/> {{Euskal Herria provinces}} {{Provinces o Spain}} {{coord|42|50.67|N|2|45.62|W|region:ES_type:adm2nd|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alava}} [[Category:Álava| ]] [[Category:Wine regions o Spain]] lyyv8fncwat4e48cilco9wyi7cz1to0 0 74147 920915 854727 2026-08-17T17:23:08Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Sant Sadurní d&#39;Anoia | native_name = | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | image_skyline = Sant Sadurní Església.JPG | image_caption = Kirk | image_flag = | flag_size = | flag_alt = | image_shield = Escut de Sant Sadurní d'Anoia.svg | shield_size = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = Spain Catalonia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Catalonie | coordinates = {{coord|41|25|34|N|1|47|6|E|region:ES_type:city|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Alt Penedès]] | established_title = | established_date = | leader_party = | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Josep Maria Ribas | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 18.97 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 162 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 12237 | population_as_of = 2009 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Sadurninencs | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 08770 | area_code_type = | area_code = {{official|http://www.santsadurni.cat/}} | website = | footnotes = }} '''Sant Sadurní d'Anoia''' is a [[municipality]] in the [[Comarques o Catalonie|''comarca'']] o the [[Alt Penedès]] in [[Catalonie]], [[Spain]]; an the centre o production o a [[spairklin wine]] kent as ''[[Catalan wine#Cava|cava]]''. It is situatit in the north-east o the [[Penedès Depression]] at the confluence o the [[Avernó river]] an the [[Anoia river]]. It is servit bi the A-7 [[motorwey|''autopista'']] an the [[RENFE]] railwey line (R4) that connect [[Barcelona]] wi [[Manresa]] an [[El Vendrell]]. The [[Noucentisme|''noucentista'']] biggins o the [[Codorníu Winery|Codorníu]] ''cava'' hoose on the edge o the toun wur designed bi [[Josep Puig i Cadafalch]]. == Subdiveesions == Four ootlyin veelages are includit athin the municipality o Sant Sadurní d'Anoia ([[population]]s as o 2005) * Can Benet de la Prua (94) * Can Catassús (124) * Espiells (54), wi its [[Preromanesque (airchitectur)|pre-Romanesque kirk]] o Sant Benet * Monistrol d'Anoia (28) == Sport == The toun hostit the individual road race cyclin event for the [[1992 Simmer Olympics]]. ===Roller Hockey=== The ceety haes a [[roller hockey (quad)|roller hockey]] team [[Club Esportiu Noia]], ane o the maist important in [[Spain]], an plays in [[OK Liga]]. ==Twin touns== *{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Cañete La Real]], Spain == References == * [http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1992/1992s2.pdf 1992 Summer Olympics official report.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907200115/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1992/1992s2.pdf |date=2009-09-07 }} Volume 2. pp. 308-10. * Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). ''Guia de Catalunya'', Barcelona:Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spanish). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan). == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.santsadurni.org/ Offeecial wabsteid] * [http://www.municat.net:8000/omunicat/owa/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=1&cod=0824010007 Information from the] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310233541/http://www.municat.net:8000/omunicat/owa/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=1&cod=0824010007 |date=2007-03-10 }} [[Generalitat de Catalunya]] * [http://www.idescat.es/servlet/BasicTerr?TC=3&V0=1&V1=08240 Information from the] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824212741/http://www.idescat.es/servlet/BasicTerr?TC=3&V0=1&V1=08240 |date=2006-08-24 }} [[Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya]] {{br}} {{Geographic location |Centre = Sant Sadurní d'Anoia |N = |NE = [[Sant Llorenç d'Hortons]] |E = [[Gelida]] |SE = |S = [[Subirats]] |SW = |W = [[Torrelavit]] |NW = [[Piera]] }} {{Alt Penedes}} {{Municipalities in Barcelona}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sant Sadurni D'anoia}} [[Category:1992 Simmer Olympic venues]] [[Category:Municipalities in Alt Penedès]] [[Category:Olympic cyclin venues]] d4szlf6cbs2zsaxj5e2bleq27jmr51w 921044 920915 2026-08-17T23:36:28Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Sant Sadurní d&#39;Anoia | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | image_skyline = Sant Sadurní Església.JPG | image_caption = Kirk | image_shield = Escut de Sant Sadurní d'Anoia.svg | pushpin_map = Spain Catalonia | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Catalonie | coordinates = {{coord|41|25|34|N|1|47|6|E|region:ES_type:city|display=inline}} | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Alt Penedès]] | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Josep Maria Ribas | area_total_km2 = 18.97 | elevation_m = 162 | population_total = 12237 | population_as_of = 2009 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Sadurninencs | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 08770 {{official|http://www.santsadurni.cat/}} }} '''Sant Sadurní d'Anoia''' is a [[municipality]] in the [[Comarques o Catalonie|''comarca'']] o the [[Alt Penedès]] in [[Catalonie]], [[Spain]]; an the centre o production o a [[spairklin wine]] kent as ''[[Catalan wine#Cava|cava]]''. It is situatit in the north-east o the [[Penedès Depression]] at the confluence o the [[Avernó river]] an the [[Anoia river]]. It is servit bi the A-7 [[motorwey|''autopista'']] an the [[RENFE]] railwey line (R4) that connect [[Barcelona]] wi [[Manresa]] an [[El Vendrell]]. The [[Noucentisme|''noucentista'']] biggins o the [[Codorníu Winery|Codorníu]] ''cava'' hoose on the edge o the toun wur designed bi [[Josep Puig i Cadafalch]]. == Subdiveesions == Four ootlyin veelages are includit athin the municipality o Sant Sadurní d'Anoia ([[population]]s as o 2005) * Can Benet de la Prua (94) * Can Catassús (124) * Espiells (54), wi its [[Preromanesque (airchitectur)|pre-Romanesque kirk]] o Sant Benet * Monistrol d'Anoia (28) == Sport == The toun hostit the individual road race cyclin event for the [[1992 Simmer Olympics]]. ===Roller Hockey=== The ceety haes a [[roller hockey (quad)|roller hockey]] team [[Club Esportiu Noia]], ane o the maist important in [[Spain]], an plays in [[OK Liga]]. ==Twin touns== *{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Cañete La Real]], Spain == References == * [http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1992/1992s2.pdf 1992 Summer Olympics official report.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907200115/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1992/1992s2.pdf |date=2009-09-07 }} Volume 2. pp. 308-10. * Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). ''Guia de Catalunya'', Barcelona:Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spanish). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan). == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.santsadurni.org/ Offeecial wabsteid] * [http://www.municat.net:8000/omunicat/owa/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=1&cod=0824010007 Information from the] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310233541/http://www.municat.net:8000/omunicat/owa/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=1&cod=0824010007 |date=2007-03-10 }} [[Generalitat de Catalunya]] * [http://www.idescat.es/servlet/BasicTerr?TC=3&V0=1&V1=08240 Information from the] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824212741/http://www.idescat.es/servlet/BasicTerr?TC=3&V0=1&V1=08240 |date=2006-08-24 }} [[Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya]] {{br}} {{Geographic location |Centre = Sant Sadurní d'Anoia |N = |NE = [[Sant Llorenç d'Hortons]] |E = [[Gelida]] |SE = |S = [[Subirats]] |SW = |W = [[Torrelavit]] |NW = [[Piera]] }} {{Alt Penedes}} {{Municipalities in Barcelona}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sant Sadurni D'anoia}} [[Category:1992 Simmer Olympic venues]] [[Category:Municipalities in Alt Penedès]] [[Category:Olympic cyclin venues]] iqsevi1owvdxeoi401au61h8ba8y516 0 74566 920924 888505 2026-08-17T17:31:45Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Santa Rita do Sapucaí |settlement_type = Municipality |official_name = |nickname = Santa Rita |image_skyline = |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = Brasao santa rita do sapucai.JPG |image_map = MinasGerais Municip SantaRitadoSapucai.svg |mapsize = 250px |image_map1 = |map_caption = Location in the [[Minas Gerais|State o Minas Gerais]] |pushpin_map = |subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Brasil]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Regions o Brazil|Sudeste]] |subdivision_type2 = [[States o Brazil|Minas Gerais]] |subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}} |subdivision_name1 = [[Sootheast Region, Brazil|Sootheast]] |subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Minas Gerais}} |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = Foondit |established_date = 24 Mey 1892 |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 350.874 |area_total_sq_mi = |elevation_m = 821 |elevation_ft = |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2009 |population_note = |population_footnotes = |population_total = 36,150 |population_metro = |population_urban = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_km2 = 99.5 |population_density_sq_mi = |coordinates = {{coord|22|15|07|S|45|42|10|W|region:BR|display=inline,title}} |timezone = [[Time in Brazil|BST]] |utc_offset = -3 |timezone_DST = [[Time in Brazil|BDT]] |utc_offset_DST = -2 |postal_code_type = Postal Code |postal_code = 37540-000 |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = http://www.pmsrs.mg.gov.br/ |footnotes = }} '''Santa Rita do Sapucaí''' ({{IPA-pt|ˈsɐ̃tɐ ˈʁitɐ ðu sɐpukɐˈi}}) is a municipality situatit in the soothmaist pairt o the State o [[Minas Gerais]]. The ceety is kent as the "electronic valley", syne it haes plenty o electronic industries, an baith a technical schuil (ETE - Escola Técnica de Eletrônica Francisco Moreira da Costa) an a Varsity ([[Inatel]] - Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações) which hauld courses in electronic knawledge. It haes anither Varsity an aw - FAI, which haes majors in Admeenistration an Informatics. Santa Rita haes a auld freemasonry fraternity, cried Loja Caridade Sul Mineira. Accordin tae last census (2010), it haes a estimatit population o 37 thoosan fowk. The toun haulds the ''Festa de Santa Rita'' ivery year in Mey, which attracts fowk tae the toun. [[Carnaval|Carnival]] ({{lang-pt|Carnaval}}) in Santa Rita is a vera celebratit pairty an aw, tradeetionally Bloco do Ride an Bloco dos Democráticos are the major street amusers, an for the young adults thare is Bloco do Urso, which brings thoosans o young fowk each year tae the ceety in Februar. In Julie 2012, Santa Rita do Sapucaí became the first jurisdiction in Minas Gerais tae adopt [[Same-sex marriage|marriage equality]], an the first municipality in Brazil tae individually legalize it.<ref>[http://g1.globo.com/mg/sul-de-minas/noticia/2012/07/apos-liberacao-da-justica-santa-rita-do-sapucai-tem-1-casamento-gay.html After Judicial liberation, Santa Rita do Sapucaí got its first same-sex marriage]</ref><ref>[http://g1.globo.com/mg/sul-de-minas/noticia/2012/07/casamento-homossexual-e-liberado-em-cidade-no-sul-de-minas.html Gay marriage is allowed by judge in southern Minas Gerais municipality]</ref> ==History== Tradeetionally, the foondation date o Santa Rita, short name for the ceety, is considered tae be 1825-05-22, when the first [[mess]] wis held in the [[chapel]] biggit on orders o Dona Genoveva Maria Martins da Fonseca, honorin a promise made bi her late husband Manoel José da Fonseca. The Fonseca faimily arrivit in the region in the early 19t century an is considered the foondin faimily o Santa Rita do Sapucaí. ==Location== Santa Rita is locatit in a privilegit steid, a few hunder kilometres awa frae the states o [[Rio de Janeiro]] an [[São Paulo]], in ane o Minas Gerais' richest regions. It dwells atween muntains an haes a pleasant wather, wi mild an dry winters, wairm an dry springs, wairm an wet simmers an mild an wet hairsts as teepical o historically [[Atlantic Forest]]-covered Sootheastren Brazil, throuoot the year. It is wairmer than São Paulo, but caulder than Rio de Janeiro, Volta Redonda, Juiz de Fora an Belo Horizonte (Brazilians caw the climate o the toun ''tropical de altitude'', which means it is kynd o subtropical for sic law latitude). ==Famous fowk== *[[Roque Júnior]], fitbawer *[[Pedro Rodrigues Filho]], [[serial killer]] ==Economy== Awtho locatit in a rich [[coffee]]-growin region, Santa Rita is kent for its heich [[technology]] industries, bein hame tae ane o Brazil's foremaist electronic, [[telecommunications]] an [[computer]] ingineerin colleges, INATEL [http://www.inatel.br] - Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações, which wis foondit in 1965. As tae the Escola Técnica de Eletrônica "Francisco Moreira da Costa" [http://www.ete.g12.br/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516185526/http://ete.g12.br/ |date=2014-05-16 }}, the first electronic technical schuil o Laitin Americae, it wis foondit in 1959 bi lady Sinha Moreira. The ceety possesses the day mair nor 110 companies o technological bases. Santa Rita uisses preesoners tae pouer street lamps in a local plaza. Inmates are affered the opportunity tae shorten thair sentences bi pedaling a bike that is connectit tae a caur battery, which then are uised tae pouer the lichtin grid.<ref>http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/14/world/americas/brazil-alternative-sentence-reduction</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Municipalities o Minas Gerais}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Santa Rita Do Sapucai}} [[Category:Municipalities in Minas Gerais]] qwoiyiwqudooatcuv8ljf1o8d3suymx 921038 920924 2026-08-17T23:28:54Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Santa Rita do Sapucaí |settlement_type = Municipality |nickname = Santa Rita |imagesize = 250px |image_seal = Brasao santa rita do sapucai.JPG |image_map = MinasGerais Municip SantaRitadoSapucai.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location in the [[Minas Gerais|State o Minas Gerais]] |subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Brasil]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Regions o Brazil|Sudeste]] |subdivision_type2 = [[States o Brazil|Minas Gerais]] |subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}} |subdivision_name1 = [[Sootheast Region, Brazil|Sootheast]] |subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Minas Gerais}} |established_title = Foondit |established_date = 24 Mey 1892 |area_total_km2 = 350.874 |elevation_m = 821 |population_as_of = 2009 |population_total = 36,150 |population_density_km2 = 99.5 |coordinates = {{coord|22|15|07|S|45|42|10|W|region:BR|display=inline,title}} |timezone = [[Time in Brazil|BST]] |utc_offset = -3 |timezone_DST = [[Time in Brazil|BDT]] |utc_offset_DST = -2 |postal_code_type = Postal Code |postal_code = 37540-000 |website = http://www.pmsrs.mg.gov.br/ }} '''Santa Rita do Sapucaí''' ({{IPA-pt|ˈsɐ̃tɐ ˈʁitɐ ðu sɐpukɐˈi}}) is a municipality situatit in the soothmaist pairt o the State o [[Minas Gerais]]. The ceety is kent as the "electronic valley", syne it haes plenty o electronic industries, an baith a technical schuil (ETE - Escola Técnica de Eletrônica Francisco Moreira da Costa) an a Varsity ([[Inatel]] - Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações) which hauld courses in electronic knawledge. It haes anither Varsity an aw - FAI, which haes majors in Admeenistration an Informatics. Santa Rita haes a auld freemasonry fraternity, cried Loja Caridade Sul Mineira. Accordin tae last census (2010), it haes a estimatit population o 37 thoosan fowk. The toun haulds the ''Festa de Santa Rita'' ivery year in Mey, which attracts fowk tae the toun. [[Carnaval|Carnival]] ({{lang-pt|Carnaval}}) in Santa Rita is a vera celebratit pairty an aw, tradeetionally Bloco do Ride an Bloco dos Democráticos are the major street amusers, an for the young adults thare is Bloco do Urso, which brings thoosans o young fowk each year tae the ceety in Februar. In Julie 2012, Santa Rita do Sapucaí became the first jurisdiction in Minas Gerais tae adopt [[Same-sex marriage|marriage equality]], an the first municipality in Brazil tae individually legalize it.<ref>[http://g1.globo.com/mg/sul-de-minas/noticia/2012/07/apos-liberacao-da-justica-santa-rita-do-sapucai-tem-1-casamento-gay.html After Judicial liberation, Santa Rita do Sapucaí got its first same-sex marriage]</ref><ref>[http://g1.globo.com/mg/sul-de-minas/noticia/2012/07/casamento-homossexual-e-liberado-em-cidade-no-sul-de-minas.html Gay marriage is allowed by judge in southern Minas Gerais municipality]</ref> ==History== Tradeetionally, the foondation date o Santa Rita, short name for the ceety, is considered tae be 1825-05-22, when the first [[mess]] wis held in the [[chapel]] biggit on orders o Dona Genoveva Maria Martins da Fonseca, honorin a promise made bi her late husband Manoel José da Fonseca. The Fonseca faimily arrivit in the region in the early 19t century an is considered the foondin faimily o Santa Rita do Sapucaí. ==Location== Santa Rita is locatit in a privilegit steid, a few hunder kilometres awa frae the states o [[Rio de Janeiro]] an [[São Paulo]], in ane o Minas Gerais' richest regions. It dwells atween muntains an haes a pleasant wather, wi mild an dry winters, wairm an dry springs, wairm an wet simmers an mild an wet hairsts as teepical o historically [[Atlantic Forest]]-covered Sootheastren Brazil, throuoot the year. It is wairmer than São Paulo, but caulder than Rio de Janeiro, Volta Redonda, Juiz de Fora an Belo Horizonte (Brazilians caw the climate o the toun ''tropical de altitude'', which means it is kynd o subtropical for sic law latitude). ==Famous fowk== *[[Roque Júnior]], fitbawer *[[Pedro Rodrigues Filho]], [[serial killer]] ==Economy== Awtho locatit in a rich [[coffee]]-growin region, Santa Rita is kent for its heich [[technology]] industries, bein hame tae ane o Brazil's foremaist electronic, [[telecommunications]] an [[computer]] ingineerin colleges, INATEL [http://www.inatel.br] - Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações, which wis foondit in 1965. As tae the Escola Técnica de Eletrônica "Francisco Moreira da Costa" [http://www.ete.g12.br/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516185526/http://ete.g12.br/ |date=2014-05-16 }}, the first electronic technical schuil o Laitin Americae, it wis foondit in 1959 bi lady Sinha Moreira. The ceety possesses the day mair nor 110 companies o technological bases. Santa Rita uisses preesoners tae pouer street lamps in a local plaza. Inmates are affered the opportunity tae shorten thair sentences bi pedaling a bike that is connectit tae a caur battery, which then are uised tae pouer the lichtin grid.<ref>http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/14/world/americas/brazil-alternative-sentence-reduction</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Municipalities o Minas Gerais}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Santa Rita Do Sapucai}} [[Category:Municipalities in Minas Gerais]] kys1pm5b5zjj6f76gezo882cfgr9mad 0 76782 920980 850766 2026-08-17T18:45:52Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Organization <!-- START INFOBOX --> | name = Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football | image = | type = Sports organization | size = 150px | membership = 41 member associations | abbreviation = CONCACAF | formation = {{Start date and years ago|1961|09|18|df=y}} | map = CONCACAF member associations map.svg | mcaption = | headquarters = [[Miami]], [[Florida]]<br>Unitit States | leader_title = [[Preses]] | leader_name = [[Alfredo Hawit]] <small>(interim)</small> | general = [[Ted Howard (soccer)|Ted Howard]] <small>(interim)</small> |parent_organization = [[FIFA]] | website = {{URL|http://www.concacaf.com/}} }} The '''Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football'''<ref>({{lang-es|Confederación de Fútbol de Norte, Centroamérica y el Caribe}}), {{IPA-es|komfeðeɾaˈθjon de ˈfuðβol de ˈnorte ˈθentɾoaˈmeɾika j el kaˈɾiβe}}, {{IPA-es|komfeðeɾaˈsjon de ˈfutβol de ˈnorte ˈsentɾoaˈmeɾika j el kaˈɾiβe|local}}; {{lang-fr|Confédération de football d'Amérique du Nord, d'Amérique centrale et des Caraïbes}} {{IPA-fr|kɔ̃fedeʁasjɔ̃ də futbɔl dameʁik dy nɔʁ dameʁik sɑ̃tʁal e dɛ kaʁaib}}.</ref> commonly kent as '''CONCACAF''',<ref>({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɒ|n|.|k|ə|k|æ|f}} {{Respell|KON|kə-kaf}}, ({{lang-sco|Confederation o North, Central American an Caribbean Association Fitbaa}}))</ref> is the continental govrenin bouk for [[association fitbaa]] in [[North Americae]], [[Central Americae]] an the [[Caribbean]]. Three [[Sooth Americae|Sooth American]] entities, the unthirlt naitions o [[Guyana]] an [[Suriname]] an the [[Fraunce|French]] [[depairtment o Fraunce|depairtment]] o [[French Guiana]], are members an aw.<ref>[http://www.concacaf.com/page/NationalAssociations/0,,12813,00.html Concacaf Main | CONCACAF Home | About Us | National Associations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004133131/http://www.concacaf.com/page/NationalAssociations/0,,12813,00.html |date=2012-10-04 }}. Concacaf.com. Retrieved on 2011-10-14.</ref> CONCACAF wis foondit in its current shape on 18 September 1961 in [[Mexico Ceety]], [[Mexico]], wi the merger o the [[NAFC]] an the [[Confederacion Centroamericana y del Caribe de Futbol|CCCF]], which made it ane o the then five, nou sax continental confederations affiliatit wi [[FIFA]]. Its primar admeenistrative functions are tae organize competitions for naitional teams an clubs, an tae conduct [[FIFA Warld Cup|Warld Cup]] qualifyin tournaments. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|CONCACAF}} * {{Official website|http://www.concacaf.com/}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040409123729/http://www.concacaf.com/graphics/stats-regs/pdf/statutes_e.pdf CONCACAF Statutes] *[http://soccerlens.com/concacaf-confederation-of-north-central-american-and-caribbean-association-football/31200/ Confederation of North Central American & Caribbean Association Football], Soccerlens.com. Retrieved 09/10/2010. * {{dmoz|Sports/Soccer/CONCACAF|CONCACAF}} {{FIFA}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Concacaf}} [[Category:CONCACAF| ]] [[Category:Organisations established in 1961]] [[Category:Association fitbaa govrenin bouks in the Caribbean| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaa govrenin bouks in Central Americae| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaa govrenin bouks in North Americae| ]] [[Category:Organisations based in Miami, Florida]] 74sqgsvtu77oru4rsuwujyuitmvgtly 921002 920980 2026-08-17T22:56:29Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organisation | name = Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football | image = | type = Sports organization | size = 150px | membership = 41 member associations | abbreviation = CONCACAF | formation = {{Start date and years ago|1961|09|18|df=y}} | map = CONCACAF member associations map.svg | mcaption = | headquarters = [[Miami]], [[Florida]]<br>Unitit States | leader_title = [[Preses]] | leader_name = [[Alfredo Hawit]] <small>(interim)</small> | general = [[Ted Howard (soccer)|Ted Howard]] <small>(interim)</small> |parent_organization = [[FIFA]] | website = {{URL|http://www.concacaf.com/}} }} The '''Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football'''<ref>({{lang-es|Confederación de Fútbol de Norte, Centroamérica y el Caribe}}), {{IPA-es|komfeðeɾaˈθjon de ˈfuðβol de ˈnorte ˈθentɾoaˈmeɾika j el kaˈɾiβe}}, {{IPA-es|komfeðeɾaˈsjon de ˈfutβol de ˈnorte ˈsentɾoaˈmeɾika j el kaˈɾiβe|local}}; {{lang-fr|Confédération de football d'Amérique du Nord, d'Amérique centrale et des Caraïbes}} {{IPA-fr|kɔ̃fedeʁasjɔ̃ də futbɔl dameʁik dy nɔʁ dameʁik sɑ̃tʁal e dɛ kaʁaib}}.</ref> commonly kent as '''CONCACAF''',<ref>({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɒ|n|.|k|ə|k|æ|f}} {{Respell|KON|kə-kaf}}, ({{lang-sco|Confederation o North, Central American an Caribbean Association Fitbaa}}))</ref> is the continental govrenin bouk for [[association fitbaa]] in [[North Americae]], [[Central Americae]] an the [[Caribbean]]. Three [[Sooth Americae|Sooth American]] entities, the unthirlt naitions o [[Guyana]] an [[Suriname]] an the [[Fraunce|French]] [[depairtment o Fraunce|depairtment]] o [[French Guiana]], are members an aw.<ref>[http://www.concacaf.com/page/NationalAssociations/0,,12813,00.html Concacaf Main | CONCACAF Home | About Us | National Associations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004133131/http://www.concacaf.com/page/NationalAssociations/0,,12813,00.html |date=2012-10-04 }}. Concacaf.com. Retrieved on 2011-10-14.</ref> CONCACAF wis foondit in its current shape on 18 September 1961 in [[Mexico Ceety]], [[Mexico]], wi the merger o the [[NAFC]] an the [[Confederacion Centroamericana y del Caribe de Futbol|CCCF]], which made it ane o the then five, nou sax continental confederations affiliatit wi [[FIFA]]. Its primar admeenistrative functions are tae organize competitions for naitional teams an clubs, an tae conduct [[FIFA Warld Cup|Warld Cup]] qualifyin tournaments. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|CONCACAF}} * {{Official website|http://www.concacaf.com/}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040409123729/http://www.concacaf.com/graphics/stats-regs/pdf/statutes_e.pdf CONCACAF Statutes] *[http://soccerlens.com/concacaf-confederation-of-north-central-american-and-caribbean-association-football/31200/ Confederation of North Central American & Caribbean Association Football], Soccerlens.com. Retrieved 09/10/2010. * {{dmoz|Sports/Soccer/CONCACAF|CONCACAF}} {{FIFA}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Concacaf}} [[Category:CONCACAF| ]] [[Category:Organisations established in 1961]] [[Category:Association fitbaa govrenin bouks in the Caribbean| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaa govrenin bouks in Central Americae| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaa govrenin bouks in North Americae| ]] [[Category:Organisations based in Miami, Florida]] tq4yc3hhilqp3mh441b11n51yfj9oe1 921003 921002 2026-08-17T22:57:03Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organisation | name = Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football | type = Sports organization | size = 150px | membership = 41 member associations | abbreviation = CONCACAF | formation = {{Start date and years ago|1961|09|18|df=y}} | map = CONCACAF member associations map.svg | headquarters = [[Miami]], [[Florida]]<br>Unitit States | leader_title = [[Preses]] | leader_name = [[Alfredo Hawit]] <small>(interim)</small> | general = [[Ted Howard (soccer)|Ted Howard]] <small>(interim)</small> |parent_organization = [[FIFA]] | website = {{URL|http://www.concacaf.com/}} }} The '''Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football'''<ref>({{lang-es|Confederación de Fútbol de Norte, Centroamérica y el Caribe}}), {{IPA-es|komfeðeɾaˈθjon de ˈfuðβol de ˈnorte ˈθentɾoaˈmeɾika j el kaˈɾiβe}}, {{IPA-es|komfeðeɾaˈsjon de ˈfutβol de ˈnorte ˈsentɾoaˈmeɾika j el kaˈɾiβe|local}}; {{lang-fr|Confédération de football d'Amérique du Nord, d'Amérique centrale et des Caraïbes}} {{IPA-fr|kɔ̃fedeʁasjɔ̃ də futbɔl dameʁik dy nɔʁ dameʁik sɑ̃tʁal e dɛ kaʁaib}}.</ref> commonly kent as '''CONCACAF''',<ref>({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɒ|n|.|k|ə|k|æ|f}} {{Respell|KON|kə-kaf}}, ({{lang-sco|Confederation o North, Central American an Caribbean Association Fitbaa}}))</ref> is the continental govrenin bouk for [[association fitbaa]] in [[North Americae]], [[Central Americae]] an the [[Caribbean]]. Three [[Sooth Americae|Sooth American]] entities, the unthirlt naitions o [[Guyana]] an [[Suriname]] an the [[Fraunce|French]] [[depairtment o Fraunce|depairtment]] o [[French Guiana]], are members an aw.<ref>[http://www.concacaf.com/page/NationalAssociations/0,,12813,00.html Concacaf Main | CONCACAF Home | About Us | National Associations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004133131/http://www.concacaf.com/page/NationalAssociations/0,,12813,00.html |date=2012-10-04 }}. Concacaf.com. Retrieved on 2011-10-14.</ref> CONCACAF wis foondit in its current shape on 18 September 1961 in [[Mexico Ceety]], [[Mexico]], wi the merger o the [[NAFC]] an the [[Confederacion Centroamericana y del Caribe de Futbol|CCCF]], which made it ane o the then five, nou sax continental confederations affiliatit wi [[FIFA]]. Its primar admeenistrative functions are tae organize competitions for naitional teams an clubs, an tae conduct [[FIFA Warld Cup|Warld Cup]] qualifyin tournaments. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|CONCACAF}} * {{Official website|http://www.concacaf.com/}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040409123729/http://www.concacaf.com/graphics/stats-regs/pdf/statutes_e.pdf CONCACAF Statutes] *[http://soccerlens.com/concacaf-confederation-of-north-central-american-and-caribbean-association-football/31200/ Confederation of North Central American & Caribbean Association Football], Soccerlens.com. Retrieved 09/10/2010. * {{dmoz|Sports/Soccer/CONCACAF|CONCACAF}} {{FIFA}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Concacaf}} [[Category:CONCACAF| ]] [[Category:Organisations established in 1961]] [[Category:Association fitbaa govrenin bouks in the Caribbean| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaa govrenin bouks in Central Americae| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaa govrenin bouks in North Americae| ]] [[Category:Organisations based in Miami, Florida]] 6gibxc6yc2fevrxdgkyt11u8b8mf08y 0 77336 920978 917910 2026-08-17T18:44:50Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Juventus | current = 2016–17 Juventus F.C. saison | image = [[File:Juventus FC - logo black (Italy, 2020).svg|130px|Juventus' crest]] | fullname = Juventus Football Club [[Jynt-stock company|S.p.A.]] | nickname = ''[La] Vecchia Signora''<ref name="Madama">An aw ''Madama'' in [[Piemontese leid]].</ref> (The Auld Lady)<br/>''[La] Fidanzata d'Italia'' (The Girlfriend o Italy)<br/>''[I] bianconeri'' (The White-Blacks)<br/>''[Le] Zebre'' (The Zebras)<br/>''[La] Signora Omicidi'' (The Killer Lady)<ref>{{harv|Arpino et al.|1992|p=613}}</ref><br/>''[La] Goeba'' ([[Gallo-Italic]] for: Hunchback) | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1897|11|1}} (as ''Sport Club Juventus'')<ref name="JFC History">{{cite web|url=http://www.juventus.com/site/eng/CLUB_storia.asp|work=Juventus Football Club S.p.A. official website|title=Juventus Football Club: The History|accessdate=9 August 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080729181702/http://www.juventus.com/site/eng/CLUB_storia.asp|archivedate=2008-07-29|url-status=live}}</ref> | ground = [[Juventus Stadium]] | capacity = 41,254<ref name="numbers">{{cite web|title=I numeri|url=http://www.ilnuovostadiodellajuventus.com/Pages/i_numeri.aspx|publisher=ilnuovostadiodellajuventus.com|accessdate=23 July 2011|language=Italian|archive-date=2010-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023000054/http://www.ilnuovostadiodellajuventus.com/Pages/i_numeri.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | owner = [[Agnelli faimily]] <small>(throu [[Exor (company)|EXOR S.p.A]], {{ISE|IT0000336518|JUVE}})</small> | chairman = [[Andrea Agnelli]] | manager = | league = {{Italian football updater|Juventus}} | season = 2025–26 | position = 6-t | website = http://www.juventus.com | pattern_la1 = _juventus2425h | pattern_b1 = _juventus2425h | pattern_ra1 = _juventus2425h | pattern_sh1 = _juventus2425h | pattern_so1 = | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = 000000 | socks1 = 000000 | pattern_la2 = _juventus2425a | pattern_b2 = _juventus2425a | pattern_ra2 = _juventus2425a | pattern_sh2 = _juventus2425a | pattern_so2 = | leftarm2 = fffd37 | body2 = fffd37 | rightarm2 = fffd37 | shorts2 = | socks2 = ffffff | pattern_la3 = _juventus2425t | pattern_b3 = _juventus2425t | pattern_ra3 = _juventus2425t | pattern_sh3 = _juventus2425t | pattern_so3 = _juventus2425tl | leftarm3 = 000030 | body3 = 000030 | rightarm3 = 000030 | shorts3 = 000030 | socks3 = 181818 }} '''Juventus Football Club S.p.A.''' (frae [[Laitin]]<ref name="iuventus">The name "Juventus" is a literal license in [[Piemontese leid]] o the [[laitin|Laitin substantive]] ''iuventus'' (''youth'' in Inglis language).</ref> ''iuventus'': youth, <small>[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] [[WP:IPA for Italian|pronunciation for Italian leid]]</small> {{IPA-it|juˈventus|}}), commonly referred tae as '''Juventus''' an colloquially as '''Juve''' (<small>pronounced</small> {{IPA-it|ˈjuːve|}}),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/newsid=1507594.html|author=Aidan Fitzmaurice|title=Juve tie the 'stuff of dreams' for Rovers|publisher=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|date=28 July 2010|accessdate=13 June 2011}}</ref> are a profeesional [[Fitbaa in Italy|Italian]] association fitbaw club based in [[Turin]], Piemont. The club is the third auldest o its kynd in the kintra an haes spent the majority o its history, wi the exception o the 2006–07 saison, in the [[Italian fitbaw league seestem#Structur|tap flicht First Diveesion]] (kent as [[Serie A]] syne 1929). Juventus is historically the maist successful club in Italian fitbaw an ane o the maist laureatit an important globally.<ref name="successful">{{cite news|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=107733.html#juventus+building+bridges+serie+b|title=Juventus building bridges in Serie B|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association|accessdate=20 November 2006|archive-date=2015-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223013708/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=107733.html#juventus+building+bridges+serie+b|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="UEFA">{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=77633.html|title=Old Lady sits pretty|publisher=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|accessdate=26 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Europe">{{cite web|url=http://www.iffhs.de/?a413f0e03790c443e0f40390b41be8b01905fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedb883ccb05ff1d|title=Europe's club of the Century|work=International Federation of Football History & Statistics|accessdate=10 September 2009|archive-date=2012-05-24|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120524184019/http://www.iffhs.de/?a413f0e03790c443e0f40390b41be8b01905fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedb883ccb05ff1d|url-status=dead}}</ref> Oweraw, they hae wan fifty-sax offeecial titles on the naitional an internaitional stage, mair than ony ither Italian club: a record thirty [[Serie A|league titles]], a record nine [[Coppa Italia|Italian cups]], a record sax [[Supercoppa Italiana|naitional super cups]], an, wi eleiven titles in confederation an inter-confederation competitions (twa [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cups]], twa [[UEFA Champions League|European Champion Clubs' Cup/UEFA Champions Leagues]], ane [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup|European Cup Winners' Cup]], a record three [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cups]], ane [[UEFA Intertoto Cup]] an twa [[UEFA Super Cup]]s) the club currently ranks fowert in Europe an aicht in the warld wi the maist trophies wan.<ref name="UEFA club competitions">Fourth most successful European club for confederation and FIFA competitions won with 11 titles. Fourth most successful club in Europe for [[List of UEFA club competition winners|confederation club competition]] titles won (11), cf. {{cite news|language=Italian|url=http://www.acmilan.com/it/news/show/142248|title=Confermato: I più titolati al mondo!|publisher=A.C. Milan S.p.A official website|date=30 May 2013|accessdate=19 June 2013}}</ref> ==Honours== {{Main|Leet o Juventus F.C. honours}} ===Naitional titles=== * '''[[Serie A]]: 30<ref name="officialtitles">{{cite web|url=http://www.legaseriea.it/it/serie-a-tim/albo-d-oro|title=Albo d'oro Serie A TIM|work=Lega Nazionale Professionisti Serie A|language=Italian|accessdate=21 May 2012|archive-date=2010-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018001314/http://www.legaseriea.it/it/serie-a-tim/albo-d-oro|url-status=dead}}</ref>''' :: 1905, 1925–26,<ref name="Serie A">Up till 1921, the tap diveesion o [[Fitbaa in Italy|Italian fitbaw]] wis the Federal Fitbaa Championship, syne then, it haes been the First Diveesion, the Naitional Diveesion, an the [[Serie A]].</ref> [[1930–31 Serie A|1930–31]], [[1931–32 Serie A|1931–32]], [[1932–33 Serie A|1932–33]], [[1933–34 Serie A|1933–34]], [[1934–35 Serie A|1934–35]], [[1949–50 Serie A|1949–50]], [[1951–52 Serie A|1951–52]], [[1957–58 Serie A|1957–58]], [[1959–60 Serie A|1959–60]], [[1960–61 Serie A|1960–61]], [[1966–67 Serie A|1966–67]], [[1971–72 Serie A|1971–72]], [[1972–73 Serie A|1972–73]], [[1974–75 Serie A|1974–75]], [[1976–77 Serie A|1976–77]], [[1977–78 Serie A|1977–78]], [[1980–81 Serie A|1980–81]], [[1981–82 Serie A|1981–82]], [[1983–84 Serie A|1983–84]], [[1985–86 Serie A|1985–86]], [[1994–95 Serie A|1994–95]], [[1996–97 Serie A|1996–97]], [[1997–98 Serie A|1997–98]], [[2001–02 Serie A|2001–02]], [[2002–03 Serie A|2002–03]], ''[[2004–05 Serie A|2004–05]]''{{#tag:ref|These teetles war revoked throu the coorts follaein the [[2006 Italian fitbaw scandal|Calciopoli Scandal]].|name="calciopoli"|group="nb"}}, ''[[2005–06 Serie A|2005–06]]''{{refn|name="calciopoli"|group="nb"}}, [[2011–12 Serie A|2011–12]], [[2012–13 Serie A|2012–13]], [[2013–14 Serie A|2013–14]], [[2014–15 Serie A|2014–15]], [[2015–16 Serie A|2015–16]] * '''[[Coppa Italia]]: 11<ref name="Italian League Cup">{{cite web|url=http://www.legaseriea.it/it/tim-cup/albo-d-oro|title=Albo d'oro TIM Cup|work=Lega Nazionale Professionisti Serie A|language=Italian|accessdate=21 May 2012|archive-date=2012-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527154317/http://www.legaseriea.it/it/tim-cup/albo-d-oro|url-status=dead}}</ref>''' :: 1937–38, 1941–42, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1964–65, 1978–79, 1982–83, 1989–90, 1994–95 * '''[[Supercoppa Italiana]]: 6<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legaseriea.it/it/altre-competizioni/supercoppa-tim/albo-d-oro|title=Albo d'oro Supercoppa TIM|work=Lega Nazionale Professionisti Serie A|language=Italian|accessdate=21 May 2012|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107085658/http://www.legaseriea.it/it/supercoppa/albo-d-oro|url-status=dead}}</ref>''' :: 1995, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2012, 2013 * '''[[Serie B]]: 1<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/ital2champ.html|title=Italy – List of Second Division (Serie B) Champions|work=The Record Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=19 August 2009}}</ref>''' :: 2006–07 ===European titles=== * '''[[UEFA Champions League|European Champions' Cup / UEFA Champions League]]: 2<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/ec1.html|title=European Champions' Cup|work=The Record Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=19 August 2009}}</ref><ref name="EC">Up till 1992, the UEFA's premier club competition wis the European Champion Clubs' Cup; syne then, it haes been the [[UEFA Champions League]].</ref>''' :: 1984–85, 1995–96 * '''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]: 1''' :: 1983–84 * '''[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]: 3<ref>The European [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]] (1958–1971) was a football tournament organized by foreign trade fairs in European seven cities (Lunnon, Barcelona, Copenhagen, an ithers) played by professional and—in its first editions—amateur clubs. Along these lines, that competition is not recognised by the [[UEFA|Union of European Football Associations]] as an [[UEFA club competeetion records|UEFA club competeetion]]; cf. {{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/Competitions/uefacup/History/index.html|title=UEFA Europa League: History|work=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|accessdate=25 August 2009}}</ref>''' :: 1976–77, 1989–90, 1992–93 * '''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]: 1<ref name="UEFA honours">{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/footballEurope/Club=50139/domestic.html|title=Football Europe: Juventus F.C.|work=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|accessdate=26 December 2006|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107085701/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intertoto-cup.com/documents/UIC_winners_in_UEFA_Cup_Juli_08_001.pdf|title=UEFA Intertoto Cup winners since 1995|work=European Football Pool|format=PDF|page=2|accessdate=19 August 2009|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107085653/http://www.castrosyverracos.com/documents/UIC_winners_in_UEFA_Cup_Juli_08_001.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/footballEurope/Club=50139/domestic.html|title=1999: Juve add illustrious name to trophy|publisher=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|accessdate=1 August 1999|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107085701/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>''' :: 1999 * '''[[UEFA Super Cup]]: 2<ref>The UEFA Super Cup 1985 feenal atween the Italian club an [[Everton F.C.|Everton]], 1984–85 Cup Winners' Cup winners no played due tae the [[Heysel Stadium disaster]]; cf. {{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/SuperCup/history/index.html|title=UEFA Super Cup: History|work=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|accessdate=25 August 2009}}</ref>''' :: [[1984 European Super Cup|1984]], [[1996 European Super Cup|1996]] ===Warld-wide titles=== * '''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]: 2<ref name="ICCC">Up till 2004, the main warld-wide fitbaw club competeetion wis the [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Champions Clubs' Cup]] (so cried ''European / Sooth American Cup'' or ''Toyota Cup''); syne then, it haes been replacit bi the [[FIFA Club Warld Cup]].</ref>''' :: 1985, 1996 ==Notes== <references group="nb" /> ==References== {{Reflist|25em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Juventus|Juventus F.C.}} {{Wikiquote|Juventus F.C.}} {{Wiktionary|Juventus}} * {{Official website|http://www.juventus.com/wps/portal/en/home}} {{zh icon}} {{en icon}} {{es icon}} {{it icon}} {{id icon}} {{jp icon}} * [http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club=31085/ Juventus Football Club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107172805/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club=31085/ |date=2014-11-07 }} at [[FIFA]] offeecial wabsteid {{en icon}} {{fr icon}} {{de icon}} {{pt icon}} {{es icon}} {{ar icon}} {{Navboxes|titlestyle=background:#000;border:1px solid gold;color:#fff;|list1=</span> {{UEFA Champions League winners}} {{UEFA Europa League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{Intercontinental Cup winners}} {{ECA}} {{G14}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Juventus}} [[Category:Juventus F.C.| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1897]] [[Category:Companies leetit on the Borsa Italiana]] [[Category:Coppa Italia winners]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Italy]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Piemont an Valle d'Aosta]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Turin]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:Italian fitbaw First Diveesion clubs]] [[Category:Publicly tradit sports companies]] [[Category:Scudetto winners]] [[Category:Serie A clubs]] [[Category:Serie B clubs]] [[Category:1897 establishments in Italy]] 6yuevbidwztfwoatmrafvkqtvw8k94l 921005 920978 2026-08-17T22:58:05Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Juventus | current = 2016–17 Juventus F.C. saison | image = [[File:Juventus FC - logo black (Italy, 2020).svg|130px|Juventus' crest]] | fullname = Juventus Football Club [[Jynt-stock company|S.p.A.]] | nickname = ''[La] Vecchia Signora''<ref name="Madama">An aw ''Madama'' in [[Piemontese leid]].</ref> (The Auld Lady)<br/>''[La] Fidanzata d'Italia'' (The Girlfriend o Italy)<br/>''[I] bianconeri'' (The White-Blacks)<br/>''[Le] Zebre'' (The Zebras)<br/>''[La] Signora Omicidi'' (The Killer Lady)<ref>{{harv|Arpino et al.|1992|p=613}}</ref><br/>''[La] Goeba'' ([[Gallo-Italic]] for: Hunchback) | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1897|11|1}} (as ''Sport Club Juventus'')<ref name="JFC History">{{cite web|url=http://www.juventus.com/site/eng/CLUB_storia.asp|work=Juventus Football Club S.p.A. official website|title=Juventus Football Club: The History|accessdate=9 August 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080729181702/http://www.juventus.com/site/eng/CLUB_storia.asp|archivedate=2008-07-29|url-status=live}}</ref> | ground = [[Juventus Stadium]] | capacity = 41,254<ref name="numbers">{{cite web|title=I numeri|url=http://www.ilnuovostadiodellajuventus.com/Pages/i_numeri.aspx|publisher=ilnuovostadiodellajuventus.com|accessdate=23 July 2011|language=Italian|archive-date=2010-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023000054/http://www.ilnuovostadiodellajuventus.com/Pages/i_numeri.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | owner = [[Agnelli faimily]] <small>(throu [[Exor (company)|EXOR S.p.A]], {{ISE|IT0000336518|JUVE}})</small> | chairman = [[Andrea Agnelli]] | manager = | league = {{Italian football updater|Juventus}} | season = 2025–26 | position = 6-t | website = http://www.juventus.com | pattern_la1 = _juventus2425h | pattern_b1 = _juventus2425h | pattern_ra1 = _juventus2425h | pattern_sh1 = _juventus2425h | pattern_so1 = | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = 000000 | socks1 = 000000 | pattern_la2 = _juventus2425a | pattern_b2 = _juventus2425a | pattern_ra2 = _juventus2425a | pattern_sh2 = _juventus2425a | pattern_so2 = | leftarm2 = fffd37 | body2 = fffd37 | rightarm2 = fffd37 | shorts2 = | socks2 = ffffff | pattern_la3 = _juventus2425t | pattern_b3 = _juventus2425t | pattern_ra3 = _juventus2425t | pattern_sh3 = _juventus2425t | pattern_so3 = _juventus2425tl | leftarm3 = 000030 | body3 = 000030 | rightarm3 = 000030 | shorts3 = 000030 | socks3 = 181818 }} '''Juventus Football Club S.p.A.''' (frae [[Laitin]]<ref name="iuventus">The name "Juventus" is a literal license in [[Piemontese leid]] o the [[laitin|Laitin substantive]] ''iuventus'' (''youth'' in Inglis language).</ref> ''iuventus'': youth, <small>[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] [[WP:IPA for Italian|pronunciation for Italian leid]]</small> {{IPA-it|juˈventus|}}), commonly referred tae as '''Juventus''' an colloquially as '''Juve''' (<small>pronounced</small> {{IPA-it|ˈjuːve|}}),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/newsid=1507594.html|author=Aidan Fitzmaurice|title=Juve tie the 'stuff of dreams' for Rovers|publisher=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|date=28 July 2010|accessdate=13 June 2011}}</ref> are a profeesional [[Fitbaa in Italy|Italian]] association fitbaw club based in [[Turin]], Piemont. The club is the third auldest o its kynd in the kintra an haes spent the majority o its history, wi the exception o the 2006–07 saison, in the [[Italian fitbaw league seestem#Structur|tap flicht First Diveesion]] (kent as [[Serie A]] syne 1929). Juventus is historically the maist successful club in Italian fitbaw an ane o the maist laureatit an important globally.<ref name="successful">{{cite news|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=107733.html#juventus+building+bridges+serie+b|title=Juventus building bridges in Serie B|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association|accessdate=20 November 2006|archive-date=2015-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223013708/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=107733.html#juventus+building+bridges+serie+b|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="UEFA">{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=77633.html|title=Old Lady sits pretty|publisher=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|accessdate=26 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Europe">{{cite web|url=http://www.iffhs.de/?a413f0e03790c443e0f40390b41be8b01905fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedb883ccb05ff1d|title=Europe's club of the Century|work=International Federation of Football History & Statistics|accessdate=10 September 2009|archive-date=2012-05-24|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120524184019/http://www.iffhs.de/?a413f0e03790c443e0f40390b41be8b01905fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedb883ccb05ff1d|url-status=dead}}</ref> Oweraw, they hae wan fifty-sax offeecial titles on the naitional an internaitional stage, mair than ony ither Italian club: a record thirty [[Serie A|league titles]], a record nine [[Coppa Italia|Italian cups]], a record sax [[Supercoppa Italiana|naitional super cups]], an, wi eleiven titles in confederation an inter-confederation competitions (twa [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cups]], twa [[UEFA Champions League|European Champion Clubs' Cup/UEFA Champions Leagues]], ane [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup|European Cup Winners' Cup]], a record three [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cups]], ane [[UEFA Intertoto Cup]] an twa [[UEFA Super Cup]]s) the club currently ranks fowert in Europe an aicht in the warld wi the maist trophies wan.<ref name="UEFA club competitions">Fourth most successful European club for confederation and FIFA competitions won with 11 titles. Fourth most successful club in Europe for [[List of UEFA club competition winners|confederation club competition]] titles won (11), cf. {{cite news|language=Italian|url=http://www.acmilan.com/it/news/show/142248|title=Confermato: I più titolati al mondo!|publisher=A.C. Milan S.p.A official website|date=30 May 2013|accessdate=19 June 2013}}</ref> ==Honours== {{Main|Leet o Juventus F.C. honours}} ===Naitional titles=== * '''[[Serie A]]: 30<ref name="officialtitles">{{cite web|url=http://www.legaseriea.it/it/serie-a-tim/albo-d-oro|title=Albo d'oro Serie A TIM|work=Lega Nazionale Professionisti Serie A|language=Italian|accessdate=21 May 2012|archive-date=2010-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018001314/http://www.legaseriea.it/it/serie-a-tim/albo-d-oro|url-status=dead}}</ref>''' :: 1905, 1925–26,<ref name="Serie A">Up till 1921, the tap diveesion o [[Fitbaa in Italy|Italian fitbaw]] wis the Federal Fitbaa Championship, syne then, it haes been the First Diveesion, the Naitional Diveesion, an the [[Serie A]].</ref> [[1930–31 Serie A|1930–31]], [[1931–32 Serie A|1931–32]], [[1932–33 Serie A|1932–33]], [[1933–34 Serie A|1933–34]], [[1934–35 Serie A|1934–35]], [[1949–50 Serie A|1949–50]], [[1951–52 Serie A|1951–52]], [[1957–58 Serie A|1957–58]], [[1959–60 Serie A|1959–60]], [[1960–61 Serie A|1960–61]], [[1966–67 Serie A|1966–67]], [[1971–72 Serie A|1971–72]], [[1972–73 Serie A|1972–73]], [[1974–75 Serie A|1974–75]], [[1976–77 Serie A|1976–77]], [[1977–78 Serie A|1977–78]], [[1980–81 Serie A|1980–81]], [[1981–82 Serie A|1981–82]], [[1983–84 Serie A|1983–84]], [[1985–86 Serie A|1985–86]], [[1994–95 Serie A|1994–95]], [[1996–97 Serie A|1996–97]], [[1997–98 Serie A|1997–98]], [[2001–02 Serie A|2001–02]], [[2002–03 Serie A|2002–03]], ''[[2004–05 Serie A|2004–05]]''{{#tag:ref|These teetles war revoked throu the coorts follaein the [[2006 Italian fitbaw scandal|Calciopoli Scandal]].|name="calciopoli"|group="nb"}}, ''[[2005–06 Serie A|2005–06]]''{{refn|name="calciopoli"|group="nb"}}, [[2011–12 Serie A|2011–12]], [[2012–13 Serie A|2012–13]], [[2013–14 Serie A|2013–14]], [[2014–15 Serie A|2014–15]], [[2015–16 Serie A|2015–16]] * '''[[Coppa Italia]]: 11<ref name="Italian League Cup">{{cite web|url=http://www.legaseriea.it/it/tim-cup/albo-d-oro|title=Albo d'oro TIM Cup|work=Lega Nazionale Professionisti Serie A|language=Italian|accessdate=21 May 2012|archive-date=2012-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527154317/http://www.legaseriea.it/it/tim-cup/albo-d-oro|url-status=dead}}</ref>''' :: 1937–38, 1941–42, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1964–65, 1978–79, 1982–83, 1989–90, 1994–95 * '''[[Supercoppa Italiana]]: 6<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legaseriea.it/it/altre-competizioni/supercoppa-tim/albo-d-oro|title=Albo d'oro Supercoppa TIM|work=Lega Nazionale Professionisti Serie A|language=Italian|accessdate=21 May 2012|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107085658/http://www.legaseriea.it/it/supercoppa/albo-d-oro|url-status=dead}}</ref>''' :: 1995, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2012, 2013 * '''[[Serie B]]: 1<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/ital2champ.html|title=Italy – List of Second Division (Serie B) Champions|work=The Record Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=19 August 2009}}</ref>''' :: 2006–07 ===European titles=== * '''[[UEFA Champions League|European Champions' Cup / UEFA Champions League]]: 2<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/ec1.html|title=European Champions' Cup|work=The Record Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=19 August 2009}}</ref><ref name="EC">Up till 1992, the UEFA's premier club competition wis the European Champion Clubs' Cup; syne then, it haes been the [[UEFA Champions League]].</ref>''' :: 1984–85, 1995–96 * '''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]: 1''' :: 1983–84 * '''[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]: 3<ref>The European [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]] (1958–1971) was a football tournament organized by foreign trade fairs in European seven cities (Lunnon, Barcelona, Copenhagen, an ithers) played by professional and—in its first editions—amateur clubs. Along these lines, that competition is not recognised by the [[UEFA|Union of European Football Associations]] as an [[UEFA club competeetion records|UEFA club competeetion]]; cf. {{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/Competitions/uefacup/History/index.html|title=UEFA Europa League: History|work=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|accessdate=25 August 2009}}</ref>''' :: 1976–77, 1989–90, 1992–93 * '''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]: 1<ref name="UEFA honours">{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/footballEurope/Club=50139/domestic.html|title=Football Europe: Juventus F.C.|work=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|accessdate=26 December 2006|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107085701/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intertoto-cup.com/documents/UIC_winners_in_UEFA_Cup_Juli_08_001.pdf|title=UEFA Intertoto Cup winners since 1995|work=European Football Pool|format=PDF|page=2|accessdate=19 August 2009|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107085653/http://www.castrosyverracos.com/documents/UIC_winners_in_UEFA_Cup_Juli_08_001.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/footballEurope/Club=50139/domestic.html|title=1999: Juve add illustrious name to trophy|publisher=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|accessdate=1 August 1999|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107085701/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>''' :: 1999 * '''[[UEFA Super Cup]]: 2<ref>The UEFA Super Cup 1985 feenal atween the Italian club an [[Everton F.C.|Everton]], 1984–85 Cup Winners' Cup winners no played due tae the [[Heysel Stadium disaster]]; cf. {{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/SuperCup/history/index.html|title=UEFA Super Cup: History|work=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|accessdate=25 August 2009}}</ref>''' :: [[1984 European Super Cup|1984]], [[1996 European Super Cup|1996]] ===Warld-wide titles=== * '''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]: 2<ref name="ICCC">Up till 2004, the main warld-wide fitbaw club competeetion wis the [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Champions Clubs' Cup]] (so cried ''European / Sooth American Cup'' or ''Toyota Cup''); syne then, it haes been replacit bi the [[FIFA Club Warld Cup]].</ref>''' :: 1985, 1996 ==Notes== <references group="nb" /> ==References== {{Reflist|25em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Juventus|Juventus F.C.}} {{Wikiquote|Juventus F.C.}} {{Wiktionary|Juventus}} * {{Official website|http://www.juventus.com/wps/portal/en/home}} {{zh icon}} {{en icon}} {{es icon}} {{it icon}} {{id icon}} {{jp icon}} * [http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club=31085/ Juventus Football Club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107172805/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club=31085/ |date=2014-11-07 }} at [[FIFA]] offeecial wabsteid {{en icon}} {{fr icon}} {{de icon}} {{pt icon}} {{es icon}} {{ar icon}} {{Navboxes|titlestyle=background:#000;border:1px solid gold;color:#fff;|list1=</span> {{UEFA Champions League winners}} {{UEFA Europa League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{Intercontinental Cup winners}} {{ECA}} {{G14}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Juventus}} [[Category:Juventus F.C.| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1897]] [[Category:Companies leetit on the Borsa Italiana]] [[Category:Coppa Italia winners]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Italy]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Piemont an Valle d'Aosta]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Turin]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:Italian fitbaw First Diveesion clubs]] [[Category:Publicly tradit sports companies]] [[Category:Scudetto winners]] [[Category:Serie A clubs]] [[Category:Serie B clubs]] [[Category:1897 establishments in Italy]] k5ox0wwewv4j8xpvta434uv47kyt9ax 0 79169 920979 901507 2026-08-17T18:45:19Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin 920979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Milan | image = [[File:Logo of AC Milan.svg|130px|A.C. Milan badge]] | fullname = Associazione Calcio Milan [[Joint stock company|S.p.A.]]<ref name="orgchart">{{cite web |title=Organisational chart |url=http://www.acmilan.com/en/club/organisational_chart |work=acmilan.com |publisher=Associazione Calcio Milan |accessdate=4 October 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007130329/http://www.acmilan.com/en/club/organisational_chart |archivedate=2010-10-07 |deadurl=no |url-status=live }}</ref> | nickname = {{nowrap|''i Rossoneri''}} {{nowrap|(The Red and Blacks)}}<br />{{nowrap|''il Diavolo''}} {{nowrap|(The Devil)}}<br>''Casciavit'' {{nowrap|([[Lombard language|Lombard]] for: Screwdrivers)}} | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1899|12|16}}<ref name="history" /> | ground = [[San Siro (stadium)|San Siro]], Milan | capacity = 80,018 | owner = [[Silvio Berlusconi]] | chrtitle = Honorar Preses | chairman = [[Li Yonghong]] | mgrtitle = Heid coach | manager = [[Vincenzo Montella]] | league = {{Italian football updater|Milan}} | season = {{Italian football updater|Milan2}} | position = {{Italian football updater|Milan3}} | current = {{Italian football updater|Milan4}} | website = http://www.acmilan.com/ | pattern_la1 = _milan2425h | pattern_b1 = _milan2425h | pattern_ra1 = _milan2425h | pattern_sh1 = _milan2425h | pattern_so1 = | leftarm1 = 000000 | body1 = 000000 | rightarm1 = 000000 | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _milan2425a | pattern_b2 = _milan2425a | pattern_ra2 = _milan2425a | pattern_sh2 = _milan2425a | pattern_so2 = _milan2425al | body2 = FFFFFF | leftarm2 = FFFFFF | rightarm2 = FFFFFF | shorts2 = FFFFFF | socks2 = FFFFFF | pattern_la3 = _milan2425t | pattern_b3 = _milan2425t | pattern_ra3 = _milan2425t | pattern_sh3 = _milan2425t | pattern_so3 = | leftarm3 = 4F4F4F | body3 = 4F4F4F | rightarm3 = 4F4F4F | shorts3 = 4F4F4F | socks3 = 4F4F4F }} '''Associazione Calcio Milan''' ({{IPA-it|assotʃatˈtsjoːne ˈkaltʃo ˈmiːlan}}), commonly referred tae as '''A.C. Milan''' or simply '''Milan''', is a profeesional [[Fitbaa in Italy|Italian football]] club based in [[Milan]], Lombardy, that plays in [[Serie A]]. Milan wis foondit in 1899 bi Inglis lace-makker [[Herbert Kilpin]] an businessman Alfred Edwards amang ithers.<ref name="history">{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.acmilan.com/en/club/history |work=acmilan.com |publisher=Associazione Calcio Milan |accessdate=4 October 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007130309/http://www.acmilan.com/en/club/history |archivedate=2010-10-07 |deadurl=no |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="founding">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/nottingham/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8291000/8291087.stm |title=AC Milan's Nottingham-born hero |author=Neil Heath |work=bbc.co.uk |publisher=[[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=17 November 2009|accessdate=4 October 2010}}</ref> The club haes spent its entire history, wi the exception o the 1980–81 an 1982–83 saisons, in the top flicht o [[Fitbaa in Italy|Italian fitbaw]], kent as [[Serie A]] syne 1929–30.<ref name="history"/> ==Honours== ===Domestic=== ====League==== * '''[[Italian Football Championship]] / [[Serie A]] (level 1)''' ** '''Winners (18):''' <!-- -->[[Italian Football Championship 1901|1901]], <!-- -->[[Italian Football Championship 1906|1906]], <!-- -->[[Italian Football Championship 1907|1907]], <!-- -->[[1950–51 Serie A|1950–51]], <!-- -->[[1954–55 Serie A|1954–55]], <!-- -->[[1956–57 Serie A|1956–57]], <!-- -->[[1958–59 Serie A|1958–59]], <!-- -->[[1961–62 Serie A|1961–62]], <!-- -->[[1967–68 Serie A|1967–68]], <!-- -->[[1978–79 Serie A|1978–79]], <!-- -->[[1987–88 Serie A|1987–88]], <!-- -->[[1991–92 Serie A|1991–92]], <!-- -->[[1992–93 Serie A|1992–93]], <!-- -->[[1993–94 Serie A|1993–94]], <!-- -->[[1995–96 Serie A|1995–96]], <!-- -->[[1998–99 Serie A|1998–99]], <!-- -->[[2003–04 Serie A|2003–04]], <!-- -->[[2010–11 Serie A|2010–11]] * '''[[Serie B]] (level 2)''' ** '''Winners (2):''' <!-- -->[[1980–81 Serie B|1980–81]], <!-- -->[[1982–83 Serie B|1982–83]] [[File:A.C. Milan lifting the European Cup after winning the 2002–03 UEFA Champions League - 20030528.jpg|thumb|A.C. Milan lifting the European Cup after winning the 2002–03 UEFA Champions League.]] ====Cups==== * '''[[Coppa Italia]]''' ** '''Winners (5):''' <!-- -->1966–67, <!-- -->[[1971–72 Coppa Italia|1971–72]], <!-- -->1972–73, <!-- -->1976–77, <!-- -->[[2002–03 Coppa Italia|2002–03]] * '''[[Supercoppa Italiana]]''' ** '''Winners (6):''' <!-- -->[[1988 Supercoppa Italiana|1988]], <!-- -->[[1992 Supercoppa Italiana|1992]], <!-- -->[[1993 Supercoppa Italiana|1993]], <!-- -->[[1994 Supercoppa Italiana|1994]], <!-- -->[[2004 Supercoppa Italiana|2004]], <!-- -->[[2011 Supercoppa Italiana|2011]] ===European=== * '''[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup / UEFA Champions League]]''' ** '''Winners (7):''' <!-- -->[[1962–63 European Cup|1962–63]], <!-- -->[[1968–69 European Cup|1968–69]], <!-- -->[[1988–89 European Cup|1988–89]], <!-- -->[[1989–90 European Cup|1989–90]], <!-- -->[[1993–94 UEFA Champions League|1993–94]], <!-- -->[[2002–03 UEFA Champions League|2002–03]], <!-- -->[[2006–07 UEFA Champions League|2006–07]] * '''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]''' ** '''Winners (2):''' <!-- -->[[1967–68 European Cup Winners' Cup|1967–68]], <!-- -->[[1972–73 European Cup Winners' Cup|1972–73]] [[File:AC Milan team celebrate.jpg|thumb|Milan players celebrate winning the Champions League 2006-07.]] * '''[[UEFA Super Cup]]''' ** '''Winners (5):''' <!-- -->[[1989 UEFA Super Cup|1989]], <!-- -->[[1990 UEFA Super Cup|1990]], <!-- -->[[1994 UEFA Super Cup|1994]], <!-- -->[[2003 UEFA Super Cup|2003]], <!-- -->[[2007 UEFA Super Cup|2007]] ===Warldwide=== * '''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]''' ** '''Winners (3):''' <!-- -->[[1969 Intercontinental Cup|1969]], <!-- -->[[1989 Intercontinental Cup|1989]], <!-- -->[[1990 Intercontinental Cup|1990]] * '''[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]''' ** '''Winners (1):''' <!-- -->[[2007 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2007]] {{clear}} ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|A.C. Milan}} {{Wikinews category}} *{{Official website|http://www.acmilan.com}} {{it icon}} {{en icon}} {{es icon}} {{pt icon}} {{zh icon}} {{ja icon}} {{ar icon}} {{id icon}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Milan}} [[Category:A.C. Milan| ]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Italy]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Lombardy]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Milan]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1899]] [[Category:Italian fitbaw First Division clubs]] [[Category:Serie A clubs]] [[Category:Serie B clubs]] [[Category:Scudetto winners]] [[Category:Coppa Italia winners]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Italy]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Italy]] qn0sb3vt0vsmjt7r0g5bqg27lx5zx4h 921004 920979 2026-08-17T22:57:32Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Milan | image = [[File:Logo of AC Milan.svg|130px|A.C. Milan badge]] | fullname = Associazione Calcio Milan [[Joint stock company|S.p.A.]]<ref name="orgchart">{{cite web |title=Organisational chart |url=http://www.acmilan.com/en/club/organisational_chart |work=acmilan.com |publisher=Associazione Calcio Milan |accessdate=4 October 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007130329/http://www.acmilan.com/en/club/organisational_chart |archivedate=2010-10-07 |deadurl=no |url-status=live }}</ref> | nickname = {{nowrap|''i Rossoneri''}} {{nowrap|(The Red and Blacks)}}<br />{{nowrap|''il Diavolo''}} {{nowrap|(The Devil)}}<br>''Casciavit'' {{nowrap|([[Lombard language|Lombard]] for: Screwdrivers)}} | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1899|12|16}}<ref name="history" /> | ground = [[San Siro (stadium)|San Siro]], Milan | capacity = 80,018 | owner = [[Silvio Berlusconi]] | chrtitle = Honorar Preses | chairman = [[Li Yonghong]] | mgrtitle = Heid coach | manager = [[Vincenzo Montella]] | league = {{Italian football updater|Milan}} | season = {{Italian football updater|Milan2}} | position = {{Italian football updater|Milan3}} | current = {{Italian football updater|Milan4}} | website = http://www.acmilan.com/ | pattern_la1 = _milan2425h | pattern_b1 = _milan2425h | pattern_ra1 = _milan2425h | pattern_sh1 = _milan2425h | pattern_so1 = | leftarm1 = 000000 | body1 = 000000 | rightarm1 = 000000 | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _milan2425a | pattern_b2 = _milan2425a | pattern_ra2 = _milan2425a | pattern_sh2 = _milan2425a | pattern_so2 = _milan2425al | body2 = FFFFFF | leftarm2 = FFFFFF | rightarm2 = FFFFFF | shorts2 = FFFFFF | socks2 = FFFFFF | pattern_la3 = _milan2425t | pattern_b3 = _milan2425t | pattern_ra3 = _milan2425t | pattern_sh3 = _milan2425t | pattern_so3 = | leftarm3 = 4F4F4F | body3 = 4F4F4F | rightarm3 = 4F4F4F | shorts3 = 4F4F4F | socks3 = 4F4F4F }} '''Associazione Calcio Milan''' ({{IPA-it|assotʃatˈtsjoːne ˈkaltʃo ˈmiːlan}}), commonly referred tae as '''A.C. Milan''' or simply '''Milan''', is a profeesional [[Fitbaa in Italy|Italian football]] club based in [[Milan]], Lombardy, that plays in [[Serie A]]. Milan wis foondit in 1899 bi Inglis lace-makker [[Herbert Kilpin]] an businessman Alfred Edwards amang ithers.<ref name="history">{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.acmilan.com/en/club/history |work=acmilan.com |publisher=Associazione Calcio Milan |accessdate=4 October 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007130309/http://www.acmilan.com/en/club/history |archivedate=2010-10-07 |deadurl=no |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="founding">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/nottingham/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8291000/8291087.stm |title=AC Milan's Nottingham-born hero |author=Neil Heath |work=bbc.co.uk |publisher=[[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=17 November 2009|accessdate=4 October 2010}}</ref> The club haes spent its entire history, wi the exception o the 1980–81 an 1982–83 saisons, in the top flicht o [[Fitbaa in Italy|Italian fitbaw]], kent as [[Serie A]] syne 1929–30.<ref name="history"/> ==Honours== ===Domestic=== ====League==== * '''[[Italian Football Championship]] / [[Serie A]] (level 1)''' ** '''Winners (18):''' <!-- -->[[Italian Football Championship 1901|1901]], <!-- -->[[Italian Football Championship 1906|1906]], <!-- -->[[Italian Football Championship 1907|1907]], <!-- -->[[1950–51 Serie A|1950–51]], <!-- -->[[1954–55 Serie A|1954–55]], <!-- -->[[1956–57 Serie A|1956–57]], <!-- -->[[1958–59 Serie A|1958–59]], <!-- -->[[1961–62 Serie A|1961–62]], <!-- -->[[1967–68 Serie A|1967–68]], <!-- -->[[1978–79 Serie A|1978–79]], <!-- -->[[1987–88 Serie A|1987–88]], <!-- -->[[1991–92 Serie A|1991–92]], <!-- -->[[1992–93 Serie A|1992–93]], <!-- -->[[1993–94 Serie A|1993–94]], <!-- -->[[1995–96 Serie A|1995–96]], <!-- -->[[1998–99 Serie A|1998–99]], <!-- -->[[2003–04 Serie A|2003–04]], <!-- -->[[2010–11 Serie A|2010–11]] * '''[[Serie B]] (level 2)''' ** '''Winners (2):''' <!-- -->[[1980–81 Serie B|1980–81]], <!-- -->[[1982–83 Serie B|1982–83]] [[File:A.C. Milan lifting the European Cup after winning the 2002–03 UEFA Champions League - 20030528.jpg|thumb|A.C. Milan lifting the European Cup after winning the 2002–03 UEFA Champions League.]] ====Cups==== * '''[[Coppa Italia]]''' ** '''Winners (5):''' <!-- -->1966–67, <!-- -->[[1971–72 Coppa Italia|1971–72]], <!-- -->1972–73, <!-- -->1976–77, <!-- -->[[2002–03 Coppa Italia|2002–03]] * '''[[Supercoppa Italiana]]''' ** '''Winners (6):''' <!-- -->[[1988 Supercoppa Italiana|1988]], <!-- -->[[1992 Supercoppa Italiana|1992]], <!-- -->[[1993 Supercoppa Italiana|1993]], <!-- -->[[1994 Supercoppa Italiana|1994]], <!-- -->[[2004 Supercoppa Italiana|2004]], <!-- -->[[2011 Supercoppa Italiana|2011]] ===European=== * '''[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup / UEFA Champions League]]''' ** '''Winners (7):''' <!-- -->[[1962–63 European Cup|1962–63]], <!-- -->[[1968–69 European Cup|1968–69]], <!-- -->[[1988–89 European Cup|1988–89]], <!-- -->[[1989–90 European Cup|1989–90]], <!-- -->[[1993–94 UEFA Champions League|1993–94]], <!-- -->[[2002–03 UEFA Champions League|2002–03]], <!-- -->[[2006–07 UEFA Champions League|2006–07]] * '''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]''' ** '''Winners (2):''' <!-- -->[[1967–68 European Cup Winners' Cup|1967–68]], <!-- -->[[1972–73 European Cup Winners' Cup|1972–73]] [[File:AC Milan team celebrate.jpg|thumb|Milan players celebrate winning the Champions League 2006-07.]] * '''[[UEFA Super Cup]]''' ** '''Winners (5):''' <!-- -->[[1989 UEFA Super Cup|1989]], <!-- -->[[1990 UEFA Super Cup|1990]], <!-- -->[[1994 UEFA Super Cup|1994]], <!-- -->[[2003 UEFA Super Cup|2003]], <!-- -->[[2007 UEFA Super Cup|2007]] ===Warldwide=== * '''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]''' ** '''Winners (3):''' <!-- -->[[1969 Intercontinental Cup|1969]], <!-- -->[[1989 Intercontinental Cup|1989]], <!-- -->[[1990 Intercontinental Cup|1990]] * '''[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]''' ** '''Winners (1):''' <!-- -->[[2007 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2007]] {{clear}} ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|A.C. Milan}} {{Wikinews category}} *{{Official website|http://www.acmilan.com}} {{it icon}} {{en icon}} {{es icon}} {{pt icon}} {{zh icon}} {{ja icon}} {{ar icon}} {{id icon}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Milan}} [[Category:A.C. Milan| ]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Italy]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Lombardy]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Milan]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1899]] [[Category:Italian fitbaw First Division clubs]] [[Category:Serie A clubs]] [[Category:Serie B clubs]] [[Category:Scudetto winners]] [[Category:Coppa Italia winners]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Italy]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Italy]] igc7ee4exko7kbw16m5ktywym21cnjq 0 80567 920991 904051 2026-08-17T22:02:28Z ~2026-45320-18 135853 /* References */ 920991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | current = | clubname = Banfield | image = [[File:CA Banfield (2014).svg|110px]] | fullname = Club Atlético Banfield | nickname = ''El Taladro'' (''The Drill'') | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1896|1|21}} | ground = [[Estadio Florencio Solá]],<br />[[Banfield, Buenos Aires]] | capacity = 34,901 | chairman = Eduardo Spinosa | manager = [[Matías Almeyda]] | league = [[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] | season = 2024 | position = 7th | website = http://www.clubabanfield.com.ar/ | pattern_la1=_banfield1415h | pattern_b1=_banfield1415h | pattern_ra1=_banfield1415h | pattern_sh1= | pattern_so1= | leftarm1=ffffff | body1=ffffff | rightarm1=ffffff | shorts1=ffffff | socks1=ffffff | pattern_la2=_banfield1415a | pattern_b2=_banfield1415a | pattern_ra2=_banfield1415a | pattern_sh2= | pattern_so2= | leftarm2=FF7F00 | body2=FF7F00 | rightarm2=FF7F00 | shorts2=008000 | socks2=008000 }} '''Club Atlético Banfield''' is a [[Argentinae|Argentine]] [[sports club]] locatit in the ceety o [[Banfield, Buenos Aires]]. Foondit on 21 Januar 1896 bi toun residents o Breetish oreegin (maistly frae Ingland an some frae Scotland an Ireland), Banfield is maistly kent for its [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] team, which wis promotit in 2013 tae the Primera División, the first diveesion o the [[Argentine fitbaw league seestem]]. [[File:Banfield-clausura 2010.jpg|thumbnail|2010]] The club's greatest sportin achievement wis obtained in 2009, when it became champion o the Apertura, the first offeecial naitional championship wan bi the club in the profeesional era o Argentine fitbaw. In the First Division the club haes achievit twa runners-up places an aw, in 1951 an 2005. Banfield's main rival is [[Club Atlético Lanús]], wi which the club haes a strang rivalry. Ither sports practicit at the club include [[field hockey]], [[gymnastics]], [[mairtial airts]], [[roller skeitchin]], [[tennis]] an [[volleybaw]]. ==Honours== *'''[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] (1)''': 2009 Apertura *'''Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires (1)''': 1920 *'''Primera B Nacional (3)''': 1992–93, 2000–01, 2013–14 *'''Primera B Metropolitana (7)''': 1899, 1900, 1919, 1939, 1946, 1962, 1973 ==References== {{commonscat}} * [https://www.clubabanfield.org/ Sitio web oficial]{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Club Atletico Banfield}} [[Category:Club Atlético Banfield| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1896|Banfield]] [[Category:Argentine field hockey clubs|Banfield]] [[Category:Argentine volleybaw teams|Banfield]] [[Category:1896 establishments in Argentinae]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Buenos Aires Province]] ta6g3eeh1m76kt77fhr35klpgtrvjzf 920994 920991 2026-08-17T22:47:39Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Revertit edit o ~2026-45320-18, chynged back tae last version bi Makenzis 904051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | current = | clubname = Banfield | image = [[File:CA Banfield (2014).svg|110px]] | fullname = Club Atlético Banfield | nickname = ''El Taladro'' (''The Drill'') | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1896|1|21}} | ground = [[Estadio Florencio Solá]],<br />[[Banfield, Buenos Aires]] | capacity = 34,901 | chairman = Eduardo Spinosa | manager = [[Matías Almeyda]] | league = [[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] | season = 2024 | position = 7th | website = http://www.clubabanfield.com.ar/ | pattern_la1=_banfield1415h | pattern_b1=_banfield1415h | pattern_ra1=_banfield1415h | pattern_sh1= | pattern_so1= | leftarm1=ffffff | body1=ffffff | rightarm1=ffffff | shorts1=ffffff | socks1=ffffff | pattern_la2=_banfield1415a | pattern_b2=_banfield1415a | pattern_ra2=_banfield1415a | pattern_sh2= | pattern_so2= | leftarm2=FF7F00 | body2=FF7F00 | rightarm2=FF7F00 | shorts2=008000 | socks2=008000 }} '''Club Atlético Banfield''' is a [[Argentinae|Argentine]] [[sports club]] locatit in the ceety o [[Banfield, Buenos Aires]]. Foondit on 21 Januar 1896 bi toun residents o Breetish oreegin (maistly frae Ingland an some frae Scotland an Ireland), Banfield is maistly kent for its [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] team, which wis promotit in 2013 tae the Primera División, the first diveesion o the [[Argentine fitbaw league seestem]]. [[File:Banfield-clausura 2010.jpg|thumbnail|2010]] The club's greatest sportin achievement wis obtained in 2009, when it became champion o the Apertura, the first offeecial naitional championship wan bi the club in the profeesional era o Argentine fitbaw. In the First Division the club haes achievit twa runners-up places an aw, in 1951 an 2005. Banfield's main rival is [[Club Atlético Lanús]], wi which the club haes a strang rivalry. Ither sports practicit at the club include [[field hockey]], [[gymnastics]], [[mairtial airts]], [[roller skeitchin]], [[tennis]] an [[volleybaw]]. ==Honours== *'''[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] (1)''': 2009 Apertura *'''Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires (1)''': 1920 *'''Primera B Nacional (3)''': 1992–93, 2000–01, 2013–14 *'''Primera B Metropolitana (7)''': 1899, 1900, 1919, 1939, 1946, 1962, 1973 ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Club Atletico Banfield}} [[Category:Club Atlético Banfield| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1896|Banfield]] [[Category:Argentine field hockey clubs|Banfield]] [[Category:Argentine volleybaw teams|Banfield]] [[Category:1896 establishments in Argentinae]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Buenos Aires Province]] 1myc9di1ug1x8reyb6m5qe1vj0voiry 920996 920994 2026-08-17T22:48:50Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | current = | clubname = Banfield | image = [[File:CA Banfield (2014).svg|110px]] | fullname = Club Atlético Banfield | nickname = ''El Taladro'' (''The Drill'') | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1896|1|21}} | ground = [[Estadio Florencio Solá]],<br />[[Banfield, Buenos Aires]] | capacity = 34,901 | chairman = Eduardo Spinosa | manager = [[Matías Almeyda]] | league = [[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] | season = 2024 | position = 7th | website = http://www.clubabanfield.com.ar/ | pattern_la1=_banfield1415h | pattern_b1=_banfield1415h | pattern_ra1=_banfield1415h | pattern_sh1= | pattern_so1= | leftarm1=ffffff | body1=ffffff | rightarm1=ffffff | shorts1=ffffff | socks1=ffffff | pattern_la2=_banfield1415a | pattern_b2=_banfield1415a | pattern_ra2=_banfield1415a | pattern_sh2= | pattern_so2= | leftarm2=FF7F00 | body2=FF7F00 | rightarm2=FF7F00 | shorts2=008000 | socks2=008000 }} '''Club Atlético Banfield''' is a [[Argentinae|Argentine]] [[sports club]] locatit in the ceety o [[Banfield, Buenos Aires]]. Foondit on 21 Januar 1896 bi toun residents o Breetish oreegin (maistly frae Ingland an some frae Scotland an Ireland), Banfield is maistly kent for its [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] team, which wis promotit in 2013 tae the Primera División, the first diveesion o the [[Argentine fitbaw league seestem]]. [[File:Banfield-clausura 2010.jpg|thumbnail|2010]] The club's greatest sportin achievement wis obtained in 2009, when it became champion o the Apertura, the first offeecial naitional championship wan bi the club in the profeesional era o Argentine fitbaw. In the First Division the club haes achievit twa runners-up places an aw, in 1951 an 2005. Banfield's main rival is [[Club Atlético Lanús]], wi which the club haes a strang rivalry. Ither sports practicit at the club include [[field hockey]], [[gymnastics]], [[mairtial airts]], [[roller skeitchin]], [[tennis]] an [[volleybaw]]. ==Honours== *'''[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] (1)''': 2009 Apertura *'''Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires (1)''': 1920 *'''Primera B Nacional (3)''': 1992–93, 2000–01, 2013–14 *'''Primera B Metropolitana (7)''': 1899, 1900, 1919, 1939, 1946, 1962, 1973 ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Club Atletico Banfield}} [[Category:Club Atlético Banfield| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1896|Banfield]] [[Category:Argentine field hockey clubs|Banfield]] [[Category:Argentine volleybaw teams|Banfield]] [[Category:1896 establishments in Argentinae]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Buenos Aires Province]] 3bfdkaei1a2eysv1ui8dimx8swkg7wz 920997 920996 2026-08-17T22:49:28Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Banfield | image = [[File:CA Banfield (2014).svg|110px]] | fullname = Club Atlético Banfield | nickname = ''El Taladro'' (''The Drill'') | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1896|1|21}} | ground = [[Estadio Florencio Solá]],<br />[[Banfield, Buenos Aires]] | capacity = 34,901 | chairman = Eduardo Spinosa | manager = [[Matías Almeyda]] | league = [[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] | season = 2024 | position = 7th | website = http://www.clubabanfield.com.ar/ | pattern_la1=_banfield1415h | pattern_b1=_banfield1415h | pattern_ra1=_banfield1415h | leftarm1=ffffff | body1=ffffff | rightarm1=ffffff | shorts1=ffffff | socks1=ffffff | pattern_la2=_banfield1415a | pattern_b2=_banfield1415a | pattern_ra2=_banfield1415a | leftarm2=FF7F00 | body2=FF7F00 | rightarm2=FF7F00 | shorts2=008000 | socks2=008000 }} '''Club Atlético Banfield''' is a [[Argentinae|Argentine]] [[sports club]] locatit in the ceety o [[Banfield, Buenos Aires]]. Foondit on 21 Januar 1896 bi toun residents o Breetish oreegin (maistly frae Ingland an some frae Scotland an Ireland), Banfield is maistly kent for its [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] team, which wis promotit in 2013 tae the Primera División, the first diveesion o the [[Argentine fitbaw league seestem]]. [[File:Banfield-clausura 2010.jpg|thumbnail|2010]] The club's greatest sportin achievement wis obtained in 2009, when it became champion o the Apertura, the first offeecial naitional championship wan bi the club in the profeesional era o Argentine fitbaw. In the First Division the club haes achievit twa runners-up places an aw, in 1951 an 2005. Banfield's main rival is [[Club Atlético Lanús]], wi which the club haes a strang rivalry. Ither sports practicit at the club include [[field hockey]], [[gymnastics]], [[mairtial airts]], [[roller skeitchin]], [[tennis]] an [[volleybaw]]. ==Honours== *'''[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] (1)''': 2009 Apertura *'''Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires (1)''': 1920 *'''Primera B Nacional (3)''': 1992–93, 2000–01, 2013–14 *'''Primera B Metropolitana (7)''': 1899, 1900, 1919, 1939, 1946, 1962, 1973 ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Club Atletico Banfield}} [[Category:Club Atlético Banfield| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1896|Banfield]] [[Category:Argentine field hockey clubs|Banfield]] [[Category:Argentine volleybaw teams|Banfield]] [[Category:1896 establishments in Argentinae]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Buenos Aires Province]] rdtcxdzd9qs163wq93x50xtmmyajw2f 921057 920997 2026-08-18T03:03:38Z CiphriusKane 74958 Updatin offeicial wabseed 921057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Banfield | image = [[File:CA Banfield (2014).svg|110px]] | fullname = Club Atlético Banfield | nickname = ''El Taladro'' (''The Drill'') | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1896|1|21}} | ground = [[Estadio Florencio Solá]],<br />[[Banfield, Buenos Aires]] | capacity = 34,901 | chairman = Eduardo Spinosa | manager = [[Matías Almeyda]] | league = [[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] | season = 2024 | position = 7th | website = https://www.clubabanfield.org/ | pattern_la1=_banfield1415h | pattern_b1=_banfield1415h | pattern_ra1=_banfield1415h | leftarm1=ffffff | body1=ffffff | rightarm1=ffffff | shorts1=ffffff | socks1=ffffff | pattern_la2=_banfield1415a | pattern_b2=_banfield1415a | pattern_ra2=_banfield1415a | leftarm2=FF7F00 | body2=FF7F00 | rightarm2=FF7F00 | shorts2=008000 | socks2=008000 }} '''Club Atlético Banfield''' is a [[Argentinae|Argentine]] [[sports club]] locatit in the ceety o [[Banfield, Buenos Aires]]. Foondit on 21 Januar 1896 bi toun residents o Breetish oreegin (maistly frae Ingland an some frae Scotland an Ireland), Banfield is maistly kent for its [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] team, which wis promotit in 2013 tae the Primera División, the first diveesion o the [[Argentine fitbaw league seestem]]. [[File:Banfield-clausura 2010.jpg|thumbnail|2010]] The club's greatest sportin achievement wis obtained in 2009, when it became champion o the Apertura, the first offeecial naitional championship wan bi the club in the profeesional era o Argentine fitbaw. In the First Division the club haes achievit twa runners-up places an aw, in 1951 an 2005. Banfield's main rival is [[Club Atlético Lanús]], wi which the club haes a strang rivalry. Ither sports practicit at the club include [[field hockey]], [[gymnastics]], [[mairtial airts]], [[roller skeitchin]], [[tennis]] an [[volleybaw]]. ==Honours== *'''[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] (1)''': 2009 Apertura *'''Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires (1)''': 1920 *'''Primera B Nacional (3)''': 1992–93, 2000–01, 2013–14 *'''Primera B Metropolitana (7)''': 1899, 1900, 1919, 1939, 1946, 1962, 1973 ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Club Atletico Banfield}} [[Category:Club Atlético Banfield| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1896|Banfield]] [[Category:Argentine field hockey clubs|Banfield]] [[Category:Argentine volleybaw teams|Banfield]] [[Category:1896 establishments in Argentinae]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Buenos Aires Province]] a9gq6a9s8u31i30a80iooz76dl5v0wj 0 81721 920909 881806 2026-08-17T16:53:55Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{For||L'Hospitalet}} {{Infobox settlement | name = L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | official_name = <!-- if different from name --> | native_name = <!-- if different from name --> | image_skyline = Barcelona 2010 August 005 Hotel.JPG | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Bandera de l'Hospitalet de Llobregat.svg | image_shield = Escut de L'Hospitalet de Llobregat.svg | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_caption = |pushpin_map = Spain |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_alt = |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Spain |pushpin_map1 = Spain Catalonia |pushpin_label_position1 = |pushpin_map_alt1 = |pushpin_map_caption1 = Location in Catalonie | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = {{flagicon|Province o Barcelona}} | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Barcelonès]] | subdivision_type4 = [[Judicial destrict]] | subdivision_name4 = Hospitalet de Llobregat | seat_type = <!-- [[Capital (political)|Capital]] --> | seat = | coordinates = {{coord|41|21|32|N|2|5|57.9|E|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | elevation_m = 8 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 12.50 | established_title = Foondit | established_date = 12t hunderyear | population_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | population_total = 258642 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_demonym = ''Hospitalenc, hospitalenca'' ([[Catalan leid|ca]])<br>''Hospitalense'' ([[Spainyie leid|es]]) | population_note = | population_density_km2 = auto | blank_name_sec1 = [[Leids o Spain|Offeecial leid(s)]] | blank_info_sec1 = | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = [[Leet o postal codes in Spain|Postal code]] | postal_code = 08901 | area_code_type = [[Telephone nummers in Spain|Dialin code]] | area_code = | leader_title = [[Alcalde]] | leader_name = Núria Marín (2008) | leader_party = [[Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya|PSC]] | website = {{official website|http://www.l-hospitalet.cat/}} | footnotes = }} '''L'Hospitalet de Llobregat''' ({{IPA-ca|ɫuspitəˈɫɛd də ʎuβɾəˈɣat}}), aften shortened tae '''L'Hospitalet''' ({{IPA-ca|ɫuspitəˈɫɛt|pron}}), is a [[municipality]] tae the immediate soothwast o [[Barcelona]] in [[Catalonie]], [[Spain]]. Bi population, it is the seicont mucklest in Catalonie an the 16t in Spain. Bi population density, is notable for bein ane o the maist densely populatit ceeties in [[Europe]]. ==History an toponymy== The first records o the dounset date tae the Neolithic era wi artefacts showin human habitation in the [[Llobregat]] river area. Roman artefacts hae been foond datin tae the 2nt century BC such as a funeral decoration representin the heid o [[Medusa]] nou in the airchaeological museum o Barcelona. Housomeivver it is no till the 10t hunderyear that written references tae Provençana (the ceety's oreeginal name) appear. The current name oreeginates frae the [[Catalan leid]] an derives frae a hostel next tae the Kirk 'Santa Eulàlia de Provençana' uised bi pilgrims in the Middle Ages. The ceety retained the character o a veelage till the 19t hunderyear when the first textile factories wur built causin a population boom. The 1960s an 1970s saw a seicont population boom, caused bi immigration frae poorer regions o Spain: housomeivver this wis not matched bi construction o the necessar amenities an it wis anerly in the 1990s that public investment resultit in addeetional schuils, leisur facilities an hoosin. ==Demographics== {| class="wikitable" |- ! width="15%" | 1900 ! width="15%" | 1930 ! width="15%" | 1950 ! width="15%" | 1970 ! width="15%" | 1986 ! width="15%" | 2006 |- | align="center" | 4948 | align="center" | 37,650 | align="center" | 71,580 | align="center" | 241,978 | align="center" | 279,779 | align="center" | 261,310 |- |} Ower 22% o the ceety's residential population wis born ootside o Spain, (mainly in [[Ecuador]], the [[Dominican Republic]] an [[Morocco]]). Housomeivver the ceety haes a muckle nummer o permanent or nan-permanent residents frae ither kintras o the European Union. Its population in the 2006 census consistit o 78% born in Spain (52% in Catalonie) an breuk doun as follaes: *Spain 207,930 *The Americas 35,628 *Africae 7,935 *Asia 5,375 *Europe (nan-EU) 2,428 *European Union 2,004 *Oceanie 10 ==Geografie== L'Hospitalet's surface is o area: 12.49&nbsp;km². The area on which the ceety is constructed may be dividit in twa different geological areas. Ane o thaim follaes the coast teepology an is cried ''[[La Marina (L'Hospitalet de Llobregat)|La Marina]]'', similarly tae twa coast areas o neebourin [[Barcelona]]'s [[Zona Franca]]: [[La Marina del Prat Vermell]] an [[La Marina de Port]]. The latter hauf o L'Hospitalet is cried [[El Samontà]], which consists o hills an a mair elevatit area. ==Economy== [[File:Spanair headquarters Hospitalet.JPG|thumb|left|[[Spanair]] heid office in l'Hospitalet de Llobregat]] The ceety's reputation is mucklely still that o a depressed suburb,<ref>Lonely Planet Barcelona, p8, Damien Simonis</ref> drawin on its proletarian oreegins an its reliance on Barcelona. Housomeivver, its economy haes impruivit recently, as can be seen frae the ceety's new skyline an relocation o companies tae the ceety's new financial centre. Urban regeneration an construction hae taken place durin the 2000s, as well as ongoin wirk on impruivin [[public transportation]] in the seicont municipality o the [[Barcelona metropolitan area]]. The former airline [[Spanair]]'s heidquairters wur locatit in L'Hospitalet.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.urbanity.es/foro/viajes-ciudades-y-naturaleza-cat/7240-lhospitalet-de-llobregat-bcn.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-09-15 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228043029/http://www.urbanity.es/foro/viajes-ciudades-y-naturaleza-cat/7240-lhospitalet-de-llobregat-bcn.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>"[http://www.spanair.com/web/en-gb/Contacts/ Contacts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104227/http://www.spanair.com/web/en-gb/Contacts/ |date=2015-09-24 }}." [[Spanair]]. Retrieved on 29 December 2009.</ref> Umwhile major [[Celestino Corbacho]] haes campaigned tae impruive the ceety's infrastructurs frae his poseetion in the Meenistry o Wirk. {{clear}} ==Transport== Public transport in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat is operatit bi several companies, maist o which are pairt o the Autoritat del Transport Metropolità ==Internaitional relations== {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Spain}} ===Twin touns an sister ceeties=== L'Hospitalet is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi the follaein ceeties: *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bayonne]], [[Fraunce]], syne 2008<ref name="Bayonne twinnings">{{cite web| url = http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=2#tabs3| title = National Commission for Decentralised cooperation| accessdate = 2013-12-26| work = Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères)| language = French| archive-date = 2013-10-08| archive-url = https://archive.today/20131008010503/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=2#tabs3| url-status = dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons|Hospitalet de Llobregat|Hospitalet de Llobregat}} * {{official website|http://www.l-hospitalet.cat/|Wabsteid o the ceety L'Hospitalet de Llobregat}} * [http://www.poblesdecatalunya.cat/municipi.php?m=081017 Airtistic an historical biggins in Hospitalet de Llobregat] {{Barcelones}} {{Municipalities in Barcelona}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hospitalet De Llobregat}} [[Category:L'Hospitalet de Llobregat| ]] [[Category:Populatit places in Barcelonès]] [[Category:Municipalities in Barcelonès]] lsqie3bt3bc8f40ttphsm9nhz1eo36p 921046 920909 2026-08-17T23:39:31Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{For||L'Hospitalet}} {{Infobox settlement | name = L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | image_skyline = Barcelona 2010 August 005 Hotel.JPG | image_flag = Bandera de l'Hospitalet de Llobregat.svg | image_shield = Escut de L'Hospitalet de Llobregat.svg |pushpin_map = Spain |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Spain |pushpin_map1 = Spain Catalonia |pushpin_map_caption1 = Location in Catalonie | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = {{flagicon|Province o Barcelona}} | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Barcelonès]] | subdivision_type4 = [[Judicial destrict]] | subdivision_name4 = Hospitalet de Llobregat | seat_type = <!-- [[Capital (political)|Capital]] --> | coordinates = {{coord|41|21|32|N|2|5|57.9|E|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 8 | area_total_km2 = 12.50 | established_title = Foondit | established_date = 12t hunderyear | population_total = 258642 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_demonym = ''Hospitalenc, hospitalenca'' ([[Catalan leid|ca]])<br>''Hospitalense'' ([[Spainyie leid|es]]) | population_density_km2 = auto | blank_name_sec1 = [[Leids o Spain|Offeecial leid(s)]] | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = [[Leet o postal codes in Spain|Postal code]] | postal_code = 08901 | area_code_type = [[Telephone nummers in Spain|Dialin code]] | leader_title = [[Alcalde]] | leader_name = Núria Marín (2008) | leader_party = [[Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya|PSC]] | website = {{official website|http://www.l-hospitalet.cat/}} }} '''L'Hospitalet de Llobregat''' ({{IPA-ca|ɫuspitəˈɫɛd də ʎuβɾəˈɣat}}), aften shortened tae '''L'Hospitalet''' ({{IPA-ca|ɫuspitəˈɫɛt|pron}}), is a [[municipality]] tae the immediate soothwast o [[Barcelona]] in [[Catalonie]], [[Spain]]. Bi population, it is the seicont mucklest in Catalonie an the 16t in Spain. Bi population density, is notable for bein ane o the maist densely populatit ceeties in [[Europe]]. ==History an toponymy== The first records o the dounset date tae the Neolithic era wi artefacts showin human habitation in the [[Llobregat]] river area. Roman artefacts hae been foond datin tae the 2nt century BC such as a funeral decoration representin the heid o [[Medusa]] nou in the airchaeological museum o Barcelona. Housomeivver it is no till the 10t hunderyear that written references tae Provençana (the ceety's oreeginal name) appear. The current name oreeginates frae the [[Catalan leid]] an derives frae a hostel next tae the Kirk 'Santa Eulàlia de Provençana' uised bi pilgrims in the Middle Ages. The ceety retained the character o a veelage till the 19t hunderyear when the first textile factories wur built causin a population boom. The 1960s an 1970s saw a seicont population boom, caused bi immigration frae poorer regions o Spain: housomeivver this wis not matched bi construction o the necessar amenities an it wis anerly in the 1990s that public investment resultit in addeetional schuils, leisur facilities an hoosin. ==Demographics== {| class="wikitable" |- ! width="15%" | 1900 ! width="15%" | 1930 ! width="15%" | 1950 ! width="15%" | 1970 ! width="15%" | 1986 ! width="15%" | 2006 |- | align="center" | 4948 | align="center" | 37,650 | align="center" | 71,580 | align="center" | 241,978 | align="center" | 279,779 | align="center" | 261,310 |- |} Ower 22% o the ceety's residential population wis born ootside o Spain, (mainly in [[Ecuador]], the [[Dominican Republic]] an [[Morocco]]). Housomeivver the ceety haes a muckle nummer o permanent or nan-permanent residents frae ither kintras o the European Union. Its population in the 2006 census consistit o 78% born in Spain (52% in Catalonie) an breuk doun as follaes: *Spain 207,930 *The Americas 35,628 *Africae 7,935 *Asia 5,375 *Europe (nan-EU) 2,428 *European Union 2,004 *Oceanie 10 ==Geografie== L'Hospitalet's surface is o area: 12.49&nbsp;km². The area on which the ceety is constructed may be dividit in twa different geological areas. Ane o thaim follaes the coast teepology an is cried ''[[La Marina (L'Hospitalet de Llobregat)|La Marina]]'', similarly tae twa coast areas o neebourin [[Barcelona]]'s [[Zona Franca]]: [[La Marina del Prat Vermell]] an [[La Marina de Port]]. The latter hauf o L'Hospitalet is cried [[El Samontà]], which consists o hills an a mair elevatit area. ==Economy== [[File:Spanair headquarters Hospitalet.JPG|thumb|left|[[Spanair]] heid office in l'Hospitalet de Llobregat]] The ceety's reputation is mucklely still that o a depressed suburb,<ref>Lonely Planet Barcelona, p8, Damien Simonis</ref> drawin on its proletarian oreegins an its reliance on Barcelona. Housomeivver, its economy haes impruivit recently, as can be seen frae the ceety's new skyline an relocation o companies tae the ceety's new financial centre. Urban regeneration an construction hae taken place durin the 2000s, as well as ongoin wirk on impruivin [[public transportation]] in the seicont municipality o the [[Barcelona metropolitan area]]. The former airline [[Spanair]]'s heidquairters wur locatit in L'Hospitalet.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.urbanity.es/foro/viajes-ciudades-y-naturaleza-cat/7240-lhospitalet-de-llobregat-bcn.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-09-15 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228043029/http://www.urbanity.es/foro/viajes-ciudades-y-naturaleza-cat/7240-lhospitalet-de-llobregat-bcn.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>"[http://www.spanair.com/web/en-gb/Contacts/ Contacts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104227/http://www.spanair.com/web/en-gb/Contacts/ |date=2015-09-24 }}." [[Spanair]]. Retrieved on 29 December 2009.</ref> Umwhile major [[Celestino Corbacho]] haes campaigned tae impruive the ceety's infrastructurs frae his poseetion in the Meenistry o Wirk. {{clear}} ==Transport== Public transport in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat is operatit bi several companies, maist o which are pairt o the Autoritat del Transport Metropolità ==Internaitional relations== {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Spain}} ===Twin touns an sister ceeties=== L'Hospitalet is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi the follaein ceeties: *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bayonne]], [[Fraunce]], syne 2008<ref name="Bayonne twinnings">{{cite web| url = http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=2#tabs3| title = National Commission for Decentralised cooperation| accessdate = 2013-12-26| work = Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères)| language = French| archive-date = 2013-10-08| archive-url = https://archive.today/20131008010503/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=2#tabs3| url-status = dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons|Hospitalet de Llobregat|Hospitalet de Llobregat}} * {{official website|http://www.l-hospitalet.cat/|Wabsteid o the ceety L'Hospitalet de Llobregat}} * [http://www.poblesdecatalunya.cat/municipi.php?m=081017 Airtistic an historical biggins in Hospitalet de Llobregat] {{Barcelones}} {{Municipalities in Barcelona}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hospitalet De Llobregat}} [[Category:L'Hospitalet de Llobregat| ]] [[Category:Populatit places in Barcelonès]] [[Category:Municipalities in Barcelonès]] gohuqu19ditooo2uxhpxoz1kflyjgu4 0 82123 920923 786325 2026-08-17T17:31:16Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = São Lourenço |settlement_type = Municipality |official_name = The Municipality o São Lourenço |website = [http://www.saolourenço.mg.gov.br/ São Lourenço, Minas Gerais] |nickname = |motto = ''Acqua Vitæ Ignis Fidei'' |image_skyline = Parque das Águas de São Lourenço - MG.JPG |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = |image_flag = Sao lourenco mg flag.jpg |image_seal = Brasao sao lourenco mg.jpg |image_map = MinasGerais_Municip_SaoLourenco.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location in [[Brazil]] |subdivision_type = [[Kintras|Kintra]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Regions o Brazil|Region]] |subdivision_type2 = [[States o Brazil|State]] |subdivision_name = [[Brazil]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Sootheast Region, Brazil|Sootheast]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Minas Gerais]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Mesoregion (Brazil)|Mesoregion]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Sooth an Soothwast o Minas Gerais]] |subdivision_type4 = [[Microregion (Brazil)|Microregion]] |subdivision_name4 = [[Microregion o São Lourenço|São Lourenço]] |leader_title = [[Mayor]] |leader_name = José Sacido Barcia Neto |established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporatit]] |established_date = 1 Apryle 1927 |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 57.2 |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2006 |population_note = |population_footnotes =<ref name=totalpop>{{cite web|url = http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2006/POP_2006_DOU.pdf | title = Estimativas das Populações Residentes, em 01.07.2006, Segundo os Municípios | language = in Portuguese | publisher = IBGE | accessdate = 2006-09-01}}</ref> |population_total = 42185 |population_metro = |population_urban = |population_density_km2 = 583.3 |population_density_sq_mi = |timezone = [[Time in Brazil|BST]] |utc_offset = -3 |timezone_DST = [[Time in Brazil|BRST]] |utc_offset_DST = -2 |coordinates = {{coord|22|06|57|S|45|03|14|W|region:BR|display=inline}} |elevation_m = 875 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = Postal Code |postal_code = 37470-000 |blank_name = '''[[Human Development Index|HDI]]''' (2000) |blank_info = 0.839&nbsp;– <span style="color:#090">high</span> |footnotes = }} [[File:São Lourenço MG.JPG|thumb|Ceety o São Lourenço, Minas Gerais state, Brazil]] '''São Lourenço''' (''Saunt Lawrence'') is a [[Brazil]]ian toun in the soothren pairt o the state o [[Minas Gerais]], in the sootheast o the kintra. It is ane o the smawest Brazilian municipalities, wi anerly 57.2&nbsp;km² (22.1 sq. mi), an it is weel kent naitionwide for its naitural brawness an healin mineral watters. It is conveniently locatit at a equal distance - approximately 3.5h - frae twa major ceeties, [[São Paulo]] an [[Rio de Janeiro]]. ==Geografie== São Lourenço haes a yearly mean temperatur o 18&nbsp;°C. In the winter the laws can reach 0&nbsp;°C, whiles wi hivy frost. The region haes occasionally been affectit bi floodin; the maist severe occurred in 1940, 1986, 1990 an 2000. In Januar 2000, hivy storms caused the watters o Rio Verde tae rise mair nor 4.5m, leavin pairts o the ceety unnerwatter, includin the ceety centre an the municipal pairk whaur the mineral watter foontains are locatit. The resilience an strenth o is ceetizens haes brocht the ceety back tae its umwhile chairm an thair wairm walcome continues tae entice visitors frae near an far. ==Cultur== [[Tourism]] is the main economic activity o the ceety awtho it haes acome the regional hub for shoppin, medical care, bankin, etc. Throuoot the year, several ootstaundin events tak place in Sao Lourenço. Thay include the Internaitional Choir Festival, [[Cachaça]] Festival - cachaça is a haurd liquor distilled frae succar cane juice, Winter Festival, Street [[Carnival|Carnaval]], Orchid Exhibits, Megacycle (a motorcyclists gatherin), Vintage/Clessic Caurs Expo, a Het Air Balloonists gatherin, as well as several conferences o major Brazilian organisations. Durin the Winter - when schuils in Brazil enjoy a fower-week break - the ceety affers several especial events that attract a muckle nummer o tourits as well as bein well attendit bi locals. In the beginnin o August, the ceety celebrates its patron saunt, Saunt Lawrence, wi a ten-day festival that includes live muisic, tradeetional fuid, an firewirks. ==Economy== The ceety wis classifee'd bi the IBGE (Brazilian Institute o Geografie an Statistics) as the seicont better HDI (Human Development Index) o Minas Gerais an it receives aroond 600.000 visitors annually. Sao Lourenço boasts o mair nor 50 hotels, that can suit ony budget, an mony affer special packages for faimilies an recreational activities for childer. Maist hotels are aw inclusive, afferin buffet-style meals that can amaze your senses wi the fascinatin cuisine o Minas Gerais. == References == <references /> ==Freemit airtins== * http://www.saolourenco.mg.gov.br/ {{Municipalities o Minas Gerais}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sao Lourenco, Minas Gerais}} [[Category:Municipalities in Minas Gerais]] fp1arvzmgrz76ag9yln1hhb191bgd6z 0 82193 920921 806898 2026-08-17T17:29:19Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Olivella | native_name = | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | image_skyline = Olivella church.jpg | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = Olivella an its kirk | image_flag = <!--Bandera d'Olivella.svg NOT EXISTANT--> | flag_size = 100px | flag_alt = | image_shield = Escut d'Olivella.svg | shield_size = 100px | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = Spain Catalonia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Catalonie | coordinates = {{coord|41|19|0|N|1|49|0|E|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Garraf]] | established_title = | established_date = | leader_party = | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Joaquim Mas Rius | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 38.75 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 211 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 3405 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 08818 | area_code_type = | area_code = | website = {{official|http://www.olivella.es/}} | footnotes = }} '''Olivella''' is a [[municipality]] in [[Catalonie]], in the [[province o Barcelona]], [[Spain]]. It is situatit in the [[comarca]] o [[Garraf]]. ==History== [[File:Olivella Monasterio Budista 01 JMM.JPG|thumb|left|[[Vihara|Buddhist monastery]] in Olivella]] The first kent veelage in the area wis foondit in 992 aroond a castle kent as ''Castell vell''. The indwallers lived off [[dryland agriculture]]. This initial nucleus wis awmaist abandoned efter the [[black plague]] caused numerous daiths. The area wis resettled in the 14t century an gradually prospered. Nowadays thare are some new housing developments in the area as well as the "Sakya Tashi Ling".<ref>AADD. ''Museus i Centres de Patrimoni Cultural a Catalunya'', Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona 2010, ISBN 84-393-5437-1</ref> [[Buddhist monastery]], locatit in [[Plana Novella]]. ==Geografie== The veelage is locatit in the [[Garraf Massif]], in a natural pairk area, no far frae [[Barcelona]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commonscat-inline}} *{{ca icon}} [http://www.olivella.es/ Olivella offeecial wabsteid] * [http://www.sitges4u.com Sitges Guide an surroondin areas] {{br}} {{Geographic location |Centre = Olivella |N = [[Avinyonet del Penedès]] |NE = |E = [[Begues]] |SE = [[Sitges]] |S = [[Sant Pere de Ribes]] |SW = |W = [[Canyelles]] |NW = [[Olèrdola]] }} {{Garraf}} {{Municipalities in Barcelona}} [[Category:Municipalities in Garraf]] mrv3b3hvwjlvubidj6ndsgm8c9g5abd 921039 920921 2026-08-17T23:30:38Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Olivella | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | image_skyline = Olivella church.jpg | image_caption = Olivella an its kirk | flag_size = 100px | image_shield = Escut d'Olivella.svg | shield_size = 100px | pushpin_map = Spain Catalonia | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Catalonie | coordinates = {{coord|41|19|0|N|1|49|0|E|display=inline}} | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Garraf]] | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Joaquim Mas Rius | area_total_km2 = 38.75 | elevation_m = 211 | population_total = 3405 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 08818 | website = {{official|http://www.olivella.es/}} }} '''Olivella''' is a [[municipality]] in [[Catalonie]], in the [[province o Barcelona]], [[Spain]]. It is situatit in the [[comarca]] o [[Garraf]]. ==History== [[File:Olivella Monasterio Budista 01 JMM.JPG|thumb|left|[[Vihara|Buddhist monastery]] in Olivella]] The first kent veelage in the area wis foondit in 992 aroond a castle kent as ''Castell vell''. The indwallers lived off [[dryland agriculture]]. This initial nucleus wis awmaist abandoned efter the [[black plague]] caused numerous daiths. The area wis resettled in the 14t century an gradually prospered. Nowadays thare are some new housing developments in the area as well as the "Sakya Tashi Ling".<ref>AADD. ''Museus i Centres de Patrimoni Cultural a Catalunya'', Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona 2010, ISBN 84-393-5437-1</ref> [[Buddhist monastery]], locatit in [[Plana Novella]]. ==Geografie== The veelage is locatit in the [[Garraf Massif]], in a natural pairk area, no far frae [[Barcelona]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commonscat-inline}} *{{ca icon}} [http://www.olivella.es/ Olivella offeecial wabsteid] * [http://www.sitges4u.com Sitges Guide an surroondin areas] {{br}} {{Geographic location |Centre = Olivella |N = [[Avinyonet del Penedès]] |NE = |E = [[Begues]] |SE = [[Sitges]] |S = [[Sant Pere de Ribes]] |SW = |W = [[Canyelles]] |NW = [[Olèrdola]] }} {{Garraf}} {{Municipalities in Barcelona}} [[Category:Municipalities in Garraf]] 0nv71f8zq9ccepqrayud07v78b2jodr 0 83398 920916 833495 2026-08-17T17:23:44Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Vilassar de Dalt | native_name = | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | image_skyline = Catalonia-VilassarDeDaltCastle.JPG | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = Castle of Vilassar de Dalt | image_flag = | flag_size = | flag_alt = | image_shield = Escut de Vilassar de Dalt.svg | shield_size = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = Spain | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Spain | coordinates = {{coord|41|31|8|N|2|21|38|E|type:city(8476)|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Maresme]] | established_title = | established_date = | leader_party = | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Llorenç Artigas i Planas | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 8.87 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 135 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 8476 | population_as_of = 2007 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Vilassarenc, vilassarenca | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Vilassar de Dalt''' ({{IPA-ca|biləˈsa ðə ˈðaɫ}}) is a [[veelage]] in [[Catalonie]], [[Spain]], in the [[province o Barcelona]] an the [[Comarques o Catalonie|''comarca'']] o [[Maresme]]. The name comes frae the Roman name ''Villa Azari'', later chyngit tae ''Vilassar''. In the 20t hunderyear, it split intae twa veelages: Vilassar in the hills (de Dalt), an [[Vilassar de Mar|Vilassar bi the Sea]] (de Mar). == Demografie == {{infobox catalan city demography | pop_1900=3113 | pop_1930=3374 | pop_1950=3306 | pop_1970=5736 | pop_1986=6246 | pop_latest=8476 | latest_year=2007}} [[File:Catalonia-VilassarDeDalt-SantSebastia-Church.jpg|thumb|left|230px|Ermitage o Sant Sebastià at Vilassar de Dalt, at the ''comarca del [[Maresme]]'']] ==See an aw== *[[Cau del Cargol]] Private Shell Museum wi ower 16.000 different species. ==References== * Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). ''Guia de Catalunya'', Barcelona:Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spanish). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan). ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category|Vilassar de Dalt}} *[http://www.vilassardedalt.cat/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{ca icon}} *[http://www.municat.net:8000/omunicat/owa/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=1&cod=0821400000 Information - Generalitat de Catalunya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926221456/http://www.municat.net:8000/omunicat/owa/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=1&cod=0821400000 |date=2007-09-26 }} {{ca icon}} *[http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC=3&V0=1&V1=08214 Statistical information - Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya] {{ca icon}} *[http://www.poblesdecatalunya.cat/municipi.php?m=082140 Historic an airtistic heritage] {{br}} {{Geographic location |Centre = Vilassar de Dalt |N = [[Vilanova del Vallès]] |NE = [[Òrrius]] |E = [[Cabrils]] |SE = [[Vilassar de Mar]] |S = |SW = [[Premià de Dalt]] |W = |NW = [[Vallromanes]] }} {{Maresme}} {{Municipalities in Barcelona}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vilassar De Dalt}} [[Category:Municipalities in Maresme]] t27k6rbpnijz6r3n3cvtbbb0q7daupv 921043 920916 2026-08-17T23:35:09Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Vilassar de Dalt | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | image_skyline = Catalonia-VilassarDeDaltCastle.JPG | image_caption = Castle of Vilassar de Dalt | image_shield = Escut de Vilassar de Dalt.svg | pushpin_map = Spain | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Spain | coordinates = {{coord|41|31|8|N|2|21|38|E|type:city(8476)|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Maresme]] | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Llorenç Artigas i Planas | area_total_km2 = 8.87 | elevation_m = 135 | population_total = 8476 | population_as_of = 2007 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Vilassarenc, vilassarenca | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 }} '''Vilassar de Dalt''' ({{IPA-ca|biləˈsa ðə ˈðaɫ}}) is a [[veelage]] in [[Catalonie]], [[Spain]], in the [[province o Barcelona]] an the [[Comarques o Catalonie|''comarca'']] o [[Maresme]]. The name comes frae the Roman name ''Villa Azari'', later chyngit tae ''Vilassar''. In the 20t hunderyear, it split intae twa veelages: Vilassar in the hills (de Dalt), an [[Vilassar de Mar|Vilassar bi the Sea]] (de Mar). == Demografie == {{infobox catalan city demography | pop_1900=3113 | pop_1930=3374 | pop_1950=3306 | pop_1970=5736 | pop_1986=6246 | pop_latest=8476 | latest_year=2007}} [[File:Catalonia-VilassarDeDalt-SantSebastia-Church.jpg|thumb|left|230px|Ermitage o Sant Sebastià at Vilassar de Dalt, at the ''comarca del [[Maresme]]'']] ==See an aw== *[[Cau del Cargol]] Private Shell Museum wi ower 16.000 different species. ==References== * Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). ''Guia de Catalunya'', Barcelona:Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spanish). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan). ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category|Vilassar de Dalt}} *[http://www.vilassardedalt.cat/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{ca icon}} *[http://www.municat.net:8000/omunicat/owa/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=1&cod=0821400000 Information - Generalitat de Catalunya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926221456/http://www.municat.net:8000/omunicat/owa/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=1&cod=0821400000 |date=2007-09-26 }} {{ca icon}} *[http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC=3&V0=1&V1=08214 Statistical information - Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya] {{ca icon}} *[http://www.poblesdecatalunya.cat/municipi.php?m=082140 Historic an airtistic heritage] {{br}} {{Geographic location |Centre = Vilassar de Dalt |N = [[Vilanova del Vallès]] |NE = [[Òrrius]] |E = [[Cabrils]] |SE = [[Vilassar de Mar]] |S = |SW = [[Premià de Dalt]] |W = |NW = [[Vallromanes]] }} {{Maresme}} {{Municipalities in Barcelona}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vilassar De Dalt}} [[Category:Municipalities in Maresme]] 6gdlofve0t5iz3dn8cmsaoenun29sl3 0 83585 920918 823397 2026-08-17T17:24:32Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Arenys de Munt | native_name = | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | image_skyline = Arenys de Munt - La Riera.jpg | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | flag_alt = | image_shield = Escut arenys.png | shield_size = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = Spain Catalonia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Catalonie | coordinates = {{coord|41|37|N|2|33|E|region:ES-CT_type:city|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Maresme]] | established_title = | established_date = | leader_party = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Josep Manel Jimenez ([[Popular Unity Candidates|CUP]]) | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 21.29 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 121 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 8023 | population_as_of = 2008<ref name="MuniCat">[http://www10.gencat.net/pls/municat/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=0&cod=0800760009&err=0] Population in 2008</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Arenyenc, arenyenca | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Arenys de Munt''' ({{IPA-ca|əˈɾɛɲz ðə ˈmun}}, ''arenys'' bein [[Catalan leid|Catalan]] for "sands (o a saisonal creek)", an ''de munt'' for "up hill" as opponit tae [[Arenys de Mar]], "sands bi the sea") is a [[municipality]] in the [[Comarques o Catalonie|''comarca'']] o the [[Maresme]] in [[Catalonie]], [[Spain]]. It is situatit inland frae the coast, in the {{lang|es|el Corredor}} range an includin the peak o el Montalt (595&nbsp;m). It retains a textile industry specialised in the production o [[touel]]s, an is kent for the production o [[Garden strawberry|strawberries]], [[cherries]] an [[liqueur]]s an aw. The B-511 road links the toun wi [[Arenys de Mar]], [[Vallgorguina]] an [[Sant Celoni]]. It is the hametown o actor [[Daniel Brühl]]<ref>[http://www.videoclubmadison.com/actor/daniel-bruhl.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717195936/http://www.videoclubmadison.com/actor/daniel-bruhl.html |date=2011-07-17 }} Biography of Daniel Brühl</ref><ref>[http://www.myetymology.com/encyclopedia/Daniel_Br%C3%BChl.html] Hometown of Daniel Brühl</ref> an fitbawer [[Cesc Fàbregas]]. ==Politics== [[File:Catalonia_ArenysDeMunt_Ajuntament_1848.jpg|thumb|left|City Hall]] On 13 September 2009, the municipality held a symbolic referendum (wi nae legal status unner the [[Spaingie Constitution o 1978|Spaingie Constitution]]) on sel-determination an unthirldom for Catalonie. The pairticipation rate wis 41% (33% o the toun's entire population, includin those unner the [[votin age]] <ref>http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/Arenys/vota/masivamente/favor/independencia/Cataluna/elpepuesp/20090913elpepunac_1/Tes</ref>). Ower 96% o pairticipatin voters cast ballots in favour o unthirldom.<ref name="AVUI article">[http://www.avui.cat/cat/notices/2009/09/arenys_vota_independencia_71551.php] Arenys vota independència, AVUI.cat, September 14th 2009</ref> The referendum gae inertia tae a muivement for similar consultations tae be held in ither municipalities athort Catalonie, includin a co-ordinated vote in multiple municipalities, which wis held a week later, on 13 Dizember. <ref name="AVUI article">[http://www.avui.cat/cat/notices/2009/09/el_dia_de_la_constitucio_per_al_gran_referendum_71556.php] El dia de la Constitució, per al gran referèndum, AVUI.cat, September 14th 2009</ref> ==Demografie== {{infobox catalan city demography | pop_1900=3003 | pop_1930=3232 | pop_1950=3066 | pop_1970=4023 | pop_1986=4654 | pop_latest=7807 | latest_year=2007}} ==References== * Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). ''Guia de Catalunya'', Barcelona:Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spaingie). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan). <references/> ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.arenysdemunt.cat/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{ca icon}} * [http://www10.gencat.net/pls/municat/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=0&cod=0800760009&err=0 Information - Generalitat de Catalunya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218223239/http://www10.gencat.net/pls/municat/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=0&cod=0800760009&err=0 |date=2012-02-18 }} {{ca icon}} * [http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC=3&V0=1&PDF=FALSE&V1=08007 Statistical information - Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya] {{ca icon}} * [http://www.poblesdecatalunya.cat/municipi.php?m=080076 Interesting Historic an Airtistic places in Arenys de Munt] {{ca icon}} {{br}} {{Geographic location |Centre = Arenys de Munt |N = [[Vallgorguina]] |NE = [[Sant Iscle de Vallalta]] |E = [[Canet de Mar]] |SE = |S = [[Arenys de Mar]] |SW = [[Sant Vicenç de Montalt]] |W = [[Dosrius]] |NW = }} {{Maresme}} {{Municipalities in Barcelona}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arenys De Munt}} [[Category:Municipalities in Maresme]] [[Category:Populatit places in Maresme]] pe8e83hgvidcffz7z6rqn1ueubv02sz 921042 920918 2026-08-17T23:33:53Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Arenys de Munt | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | image_skyline = Arenys de Munt - La Riera.jpg | image_shield = Escut arenys.png | pushpin_map = Spain Catalonia | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Catalonie | coordinates = {{coord|41|37|N|2|33|E|region:ES-CT_type:city|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Maresme]] | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Josep Manel Jimenez ([[Popular Unity Candidates|CUP]]) | area_total_km2 = 21.29 | elevation_m = 121 | population_total = 8023 | population_as_of = 2008<ref name="MuniCat">[http://www10.gencat.net/pls/municat/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=0&cod=0800760009&err=0] Population in 2008</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Arenyenc, arenyenca | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 }} '''Arenys de Munt''' ({{IPA-ca|əˈɾɛɲz ðə ˈmun}}, ''arenys'' bein [[Catalan leid|Catalan]] for "sands (o a saisonal creek)", an ''de munt'' for "up hill" as opponit tae [[Arenys de Mar]], "sands bi the sea") is a [[municipality]] in the [[Comarques o Catalonie|''comarca'']] o the [[Maresme]] in [[Catalonie]], [[Spain]]. It is situatit inland frae the coast, in the {{lang|es|el Corredor}} range an includin the peak o el Montalt (595&nbsp;m). It retains a textile industry specialised in the production o [[touel]]s, an is kent for the production o [[Garden strawberry|strawberries]], [[cherries]] an [[liqueur]]s an aw. The B-511 road links the toun wi [[Arenys de Mar]], [[Vallgorguina]] an [[Sant Celoni]]. It is the hametown o actor [[Daniel Brühl]]<ref>[http://www.videoclubmadison.com/actor/daniel-bruhl.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717195936/http://www.videoclubmadison.com/actor/daniel-bruhl.html |date=2011-07-17 }} Biography of Daniel Brühl</ref><ref>[http://www.myetymology.com/encyclopedia/Daniel_Br%C3%BChl.html] Hometown of Daniel Brühl</ref> an fitbawer [[Cesc Fàbregas]]. ==Politics== [[File:Catalonia_ArenysDeMunt_Ajuntament_1848.jpg|thumb|left|City Hall]] On 13 September 2009, the municipality held a symbolic referendum (wi nae legal status unner the [[Spaingie Constitution o 1978|Spaingie Constitution]]) on sel-determination an unthirldom for Catalonie. The pairticipation rate wis 41% (33% o the toun's entire population, includin those unner the [[votin age]] <ref>http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/Arenys/vota/masivamente/favor/independencia/Cataluna/elpepuesp/20090913elpepunac_1/Tes</ref>). Ower 96% o pairticipatin voters cast ballots in favour o unthirldom.<ref name="AVUI article">[http://www.avui.cat/cat/notices/2009/09/arenys_vota_independencia_71551.php] Arenys vota independència, AVUI.cat, September 14th 2009</ref> The referendum gae inertia tae a muivement for similar consultations tae be held in ither municipalities athort Catalonie, includin a co-ordinated vote in multiple municipalities, which wis held a week later, on 13 Dizember. <ref name="AVUI article">[http://www.avui.cat/cat/notices/2009/09/el_dia_de_la_constitucio_per_al_gran_referendum_71556.php] El dia de la Constitució, per al gran referèndum, AVUI.cat, September 14th 2009</ref> ==Demografie== {{infobox catalan city demography | pop_1900=3003 | pop_1930=3232 | pop_1950=3066 | pop_1970=4023 | pop_1986=4654 | pop_latest=7807 | latest_year=2007}} ==References== * Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). ''Guia de Catalunya'', Barcelona:Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spaingie). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan). <references/> ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.arenysdemunt.cat/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{ca icon}} * [http://www10.gencat.net/pls/municat/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=0&cod=0800760009&err=0 Information - Generalitat de Catalunya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218223239/http://www10.gencat.net/pls/municat/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=0&cod=0800760009&err=0 |date=2012-02-18 }} {{ca icon}} * [http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC=3&V0=1&PDF=FALSE&V1=08007 Statistical information - Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya] {{ca icon}} * [http://www.poblesdecatalunya.cat/municipi.php?m=080076 Interesting Historic an Airtistic places in Arenys de Munt] {{ca icon}} {{br}} {{Geographic location |Centre = Arenys de Munt |N = [[Vallgorguina]] |NE = [[Sant Iscle de Vallalta]] |E = [[Canet de Mar]] |SE = |S = [[Arenys de Mar]] |SW = [[Sant Vicenç de Montalt]] |W = [[Dosrius]] |NW = }} {{Maresme}} {{Municipalities in Barcelona}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arenys De Munt}} [[Category:Municipalities in Maresme]] [[Category:Populatit places in Maresme]] 1o9ml7ta1mua3w31yxk6cjn7gfisovb 0 84894 920910 888273 2026-08-17T17:09:48Z ~2026-44986-43 135841 /* */ 920910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Po | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Po river near Cremona.jpg | image_size = 250 | image_caption = The Po near Cremona, Lombardy | map = Po bacino idrografico.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Map o the Po River wattershed | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 250 | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Kintra | subdivision_name1 = [[Italy]] | subdivision_type2 = Po Basin | subdivision_name2 = [[Italy]], [[Swisserland]], [[Fraunce]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Cities | subdivision_name5 = [[Turin]], [[Cremona]], [[Piacenza]], [[Ferrara]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|652|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|1540|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{convert|3,100|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Monte Viso]] | source1_location = Near [[Crissolo]], [[Piedmont]], [[Italy]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|44|42|5|N|7|5|35|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|3700|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Adriatic Sea]] | mouth_location = Near [[Adria]], [[Veneto]], [[Italy]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|44|57|9|N|12|25|55|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|74000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = <ref name=NG2002>{{cite journal|first=Erla|last=Zwingle|title=Italy's Po River Punished for centuries by destructive floods, northern Italians stubbornly embrace their nation's longest river, which nurtures rice fields, vineyards, fisheries—and legends|publisher=National Geographic|date=May 2002|accessdate=6 April 2009|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0205/feature6/|archive-date=2007-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223133709/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0205/feature6/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=AM>{{cite web|title=Po Basin Case study status report|first=Meri|last=Raggi|author2=Davide Ronchi|author3=Laura Sardonini|author4=Davide Viaggi|publisher=AquaMoney|year=2007|accessdate=6 April 2009|url=http://www.aquamoney.ecologic-events.de/sites/download/poit.pdf}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> }} The '''Po''' ({{lang-la|'''Padus''' ''an'' '''Eridanus'''}}; {{lang-it|'''Po'''}} {{IPA-it|ˈpɔ}}; auncient [[Ligurian leid (auncient)|Ligurian]]: '''''Bodincus''''' or '''''Bodencus'''''; {{lang-gr|'''Πάδος''' an '''Ἠριδανός'''}}) is a river that flows either {{convert|652|km|mi|abbr=on}} or {{convert|682|km|mi|abbr=on}} – considering the length o the [[Maira]], a right bank tributary – eastward through northern [[Italy]], from a spring seeping from a stony hillside at [[Pian del Re]], a plain at the head of the [[Val Po]] under the northwest face of [[Monviso]] (in the [[Cottian Alps]]), forming a large delta, finally entering the [[Adriatic Sea]] near [[Venice]]. It is the longest river in Italy and supports rice-growing regions as it flows through the delta. ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Watterways o Italy]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Cuneo]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Turin]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Vercelli]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Alessandria]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Pavia]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Lodi]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Cremona]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Mantua]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Piacenza]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Parma]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Reggio Emilia]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Ferrara]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Rovigo]] [[Category:Rivers o Italy]] [[Category:Po (river)| ]] gjirk34etaf6emjf9bx5vvo8f20t415 921020 920910 2026-08-17T23:11:40Z Atlantic306 30244 not english wikipedia Undae revision [[Special:Diff/920910|920910]] bi [[Special:Contributions/~2026-44986-43|~2026-44986-43]] ([[User talk:~2026-44986-43|Tauk]]) 921020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Po | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Po river near Cremona.jpg | image_size = 250 | image_caption = The Po near Cremona, Lombardy | map = Po bacino idrografico.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Map o the Po River wattershed | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 250 | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Kintra | subdivision_name1 = [[Italy]] | subdivision_type2 = Po Basin | subdivision_name2 = [[Italy]], [[Swisserland]], [[Fraunce]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Cities | subdivision_name5 = [[Turin]], [[Cremona]], [[Piacenza]], [[Ferrara]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|652|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|1540|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{convert|3,100|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Monte Viso]] | source1_location = Near [[Crissolo]], [[Piedmont]], [[Italy]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|44|42|5|N|7|5|35|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|3700|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Adriatic Sea]] | mouth_location = Near [[Adria]], [[Veneto]], [[Italy]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|44|57|9|N|12|25|55|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|74000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = <ref name=NG2002>{{cite journal|first=Erla|last=Zwingle|title=Italy's Po River Punished for centuries by destructive floods, northern Italians stubbornly embrace their nation's longest river, which nurtures rice fields, vineyards, fisheries—and legends|publisher=National Geographic|date=May 2002|accessdate=6 April 2009|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0205/feature6/|archive-date=2007-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223133709/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0205/feature6/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=AM>{{cite web|title=Po Basin Case study status report|first=Meri|last=Raggi|author2=Davide Ronchi|author3=Laura Sardonini|author4=Davide Viaggi|publisher=AquaMoney|year=2007|accessdate=6 April 2009|url=http://www.aquamoney.ecologic-events.de/sites/download/poit.pdf}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> }} The '''Po''' ({{lang-la|'''Padus''' ''an'' '''Eridanus'''}}; {{lang-it|'''Po'''}} {{IPA-it|ˈpɔ}}; auncient [[Ligurian leid (auncient)|Ligurian]]: '''''Bodincus''''' or '''''Bodencus'''''; {{lang-gr|'''Πάδος''' an '''Ἠριδανός'''}}) is a river that flows either {{convert|652|km|mi|abbr=on}} or {{convert|682|km|mi|abbr=on}} – considerin the length o the [[Maira]], a richt baunk tributary – eastward athort northren [[Italy]], frae a spring seepin frae a stony hillside at [[Pian del Re]], a flat place at the heid o the [[Val Po]] unner the northwast face o [[Monviso]] (in the [[Cottian Alps]]) through a delta projectin intae the [[Adriatic Sea]] near [[Venice]]. It is the langest river in Italy. ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Watterways o Italy]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Cuneo]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Turin]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Vercelli]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Alessandria]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Pavia]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Lodi]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Cremona]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Mantua]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Piacenza]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Parma]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Reggio Emilia]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Ferrara]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Rovigo]] [[Category:Rivers o Italy]] [[Category:Po (river)| ]] a9envphvx2nayjmeg48kdyubnwavws8 921025 921020 2026-08-17T23:16:01Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Po | image = Po river near Cremona.jpg | image_size = 250 | image_caption = The Po near Cremona, Lombardy | map = Po bacino idrografico.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Map o the Po River wattershed | pushpin_map_size = 250 | subdivision_type1 = Kintra | subdivision_name1 = [[Italy]] | subdivision_type2 = Po Basin | subdivision_name2 = [[Italy]], [[Swisserland]], [[Fraunce]] | subdivision_type5 = Cities | subdivision_name5 = [[Turin]], [[Cremona]], [[Piacenza]], [[Ferrara]] | length = {{convert|652|km|mi|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|1540|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{convert|3,100|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | source1 = [[Monte Viso]] | source1_location = Near [[Crissolo]], [[Piedmont]], [[Italy]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|44|42|5|N|7|5|35|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|3700|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Adriatic Sea]] | mouth_location = Near [[Adria]], [[Veneto]], [[Italy]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|44|57|9|N|12|25|55|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|74000|km2|abbr=on}} | extra = <ref name=NG2002>{{cite journal|first=Erla|last=Zwingle|title=Italy's Po River Punished for centuries by destructive floods, northern Italians stubbornly embrace their nation's longest river, which nurtures rice fields, vineyards, fisheries—and legends|publisher=National Geographic|date=May 2002|accessdate=6 April 2009|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0205/feature6/|archive-date=2007-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223133709/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0205/feature6/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=AM>{{cite web|title=Po Basin Case study status report|first=Meri|last=Raggi|author2=Davide Ronchi|author3=Laura Sardonini|author4=Davide Viaggi|publisher=AquaMoney|year=2007|accessdate=6 April 2009|url=http://www.aquamoney.ecologic-events.de/sites/download/poit.pdf}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> }} The '''Po''' ({{lang-la|'''Padus''' ''an'' '''Eridanus'''}}; {{lang-it|'''Po'''}} {{IPA-it|ˈpɔ}}; auncient [[Ligurian leid (auncient)|Ligurian]]: '''''Bodincus''''' or '''''Bodencus'''''; {{lang-gr|'''Πάδος''' an '''Ἠριδανός'''}}) is a river that flows either {{convert|652|km|mi|abbr=on}} or {{convert|682|km|mi|abbr=on}} – considerin the length o the [[Maira]], a richt baunk tributary – eastward athort northren [[Italy]], frae a spring seepin frae a stony hillside at [[Pian del Re]], a flat place at the heid o the [[Val Po]] unner the northwast face o [[Monviso]] (in the [[Cottian Alps]]) through a delta projectin intae the [[Adriatic Sea]] near [[Venice]]. It is the langest river in Italy. ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Watterways o Italy]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Cuneo]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Turin]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Vercelli]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Alessandria]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Pavia]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Lodi]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Cremona]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Mantua]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Piacenza]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Parma]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Reggio Emilia]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Ferrara]] [[Category:Rivers o the Province o Rovigo]] [[Category:Rivers o Italy]] [[Category:Po (river)| ]] qgjjvb4jzxt4euksq7pyqqxxqzb9clu 0 85292 920919 821127 2026-08-17T17:26:30Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Sant Jaume de Frontanyà | native_name = | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Bandera de Sant Jaume de Frontanyà.svg | flag_size = | flag_alt = | image_shield = Escut de Sant Jaume de Frontanyà.svg | shield_size = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = Spain Catalonia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Catalonie | coordinates = {{coord|42|11|20|N|2|01|33|E|source:cawiki|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Berguedà]] | established_title = | established_date = | leader_party = | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Ramon Vilalta i Clotet | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 21.26 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 1072 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 24 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Frontanyenc, Frontanyenca | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | website = {{official|http://www.santjaumedefrontanya.net}} | footnotes = }} '''Sant Jaume de Frontanyà''' ({{IPA-ca|ˈsaɲ ˈʒawmə ðə fɾuntəˈɲa}}) is a [[municipality]] in the [[Comarques o Catalonie|''comarca'']] o the [[Berguedà]] in [[Catalonie]], [[Spain]]. It is situatit in the [[Pyrenees]] belaw the peak o Pedró de Tubau (1543&nbsp;m). The veelage is the smawest municipality in Catalonie in terms o [[population]]. The monumental [[Romanesque airchitectur|Romanesque]] kirk o Sant Jaume is a protectit historic-airtistic monument frae the 11t hunderyear. The veelage is servit bi a local road tae [[Borredà]] an it is weel kent for its peace an tranquility. ==History== The toun wis first documentit in 905. The guesthoose an restaurant Fonda Cal Marxandó haes been walcomin visitors syne 1851. Nouadays, it is still weel kent for its tradeetional Catalan cuisine based on heich quality local products. On 12 Dizember 2009 it wis the seicont toun in Catalonie tae hauld a Catalan unthirldom referendum, gainin 18 votes in favor the unthirldom an 1 vote against (turnoot 90.4%). The beuk 'Sant Jaume de Frontanya: Natura, Art i Pau' wis published in 2005, written bi experts frae the aurie. The Audio-guidit visit tae Sant Jaume de Frontanya allous visitors tae discover the hidden stories o the veelage at their awn pace. It is available in Catalan, Spaingie, Inglis an French an wis producit in 2008 bi Associacio Myriades Culturals. == Places o interest == * Monastery o Sant Jaume de Frontanyà. 11t hunderyear * Hermitage o Sant Esteve de Tubau. [[Pre-Romanesque airt|Pre-Romanesque]] oreegin. * Shrine o Oor Lady o Oms. 18t hunderyear * Restaurant Fonda Cal Marxandó. Documentit syne 1851. == Demografie == {{infobox catalan city demography | pop_1857=465 | pop_1877=322 | pop_1887=234 | pop_1900=214 | pop_1930=198 | pop_1940=180 | pop_1950=159 | pop_1960=73 | pop_1970=21 | pop_1986=23 | pop_latest=30 | latest_year=2007}} ==References== * Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). ''Guia de Catalunya'', Barcelona:Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spanish). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan). 'Sant Jaume de Frontanya: Natura, Art i pau' (2005). ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.santjaumedefrontanya.net Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211141117/http://www.santjaumedefrontanya.net/ |date=2017-12-11 }} {{ca icon}} *[http://www.municat.net:8000/omunicat/owa/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=1&cod=0821660009 Information - Generalitat de Catalunya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124134/http://www.municat.net:8000/omunicat/owa/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=1&cod=0821660009 |date=2007-09-29 }} {{ca icon}} *[http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC=3&V0=1&V1=08216 Statistical information - Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya] {{ca icon}} {{br}} {{Geographic location |Centre = Sant Jaume de Frontanyà |N = |NE = [[Gombrèn]] |E = |SE = |S = [[Les Llosses]] |SW = |W = |NW = [[La Pobla de Lillet]] }} {{Bergueda}} {{Municipalities in Barcelona}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sant Jaume De Frontanya}} [[Category:Municipalities in Berguedà]] sl57n6brjqb1jqyr86sj9e97ww29zbj 921041 920919 2026-08-17T23:32:49Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Sant Jaume de Frontanyà | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] | image_flag = Bandera de Sant Jaume de Frontanyà.svg | image_shield = Escut de Sant Jaume de Frontanyà.svg | pushpin_map = Spain Catalonia | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Catalonie | coordinates = {{coord|42|11|20|N|2|01|33|E|source:cawiki|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Catalonie}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarques o Catalonie|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Berguedà]] | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Ramon Vilalta i Clotet | area_total_km2 = 21.26 | elevation_m = 1072 | population_total = 24 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Frontanyenc, Frontanyenca | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | website = {{official|http://www.santjaumedefrontanya.net}} }} '''Sant Jaume de Frontanyà''' ({{IPA-ca|ˈsaɲ ˈʒawmə ðə fɾuntəˈɲa}}) is a [[municipality]] in the [[Comarques o Catalonie|''comarca'']] o the [[Berguedà]] in [[Catalonie]], [[Spain]]. It is situatit in the [[Pyrenees]] belaw the peak o Pedró de Tubau (1543&nbsp;m). The veelage is the smawest municipality in Catalonie in terms o [[population]]. The monumental [[Romanesque airchitectur|Romanesque]] kirk o Sant Jaume is a protectit historic-airtistic monument frae the 11t hunderyear. The veelage is servit bi a local road tae [[Borredà]] an it is weel kent for its peace an tranquility. ==History== The toun wis first documentit in 905. The guesthoose an restaurant Fonda Cal Marxandó haes been walcomin visitors syne 1851. Nouadays, it is still weel kent for its tradeetional Catalan cuisine based on heich quality local products. On 12 Dizember 2009 it wis the seicont toun in Catalonie tae hauld a Catalan unthirldom referendum, gainin 18 votes in favor the unthirldom an 1 vote against (turnoot 90.4%). The beuk 'Sant Jaume de Frontanya: Natura, Art i Pau' wis published in 2005, written bi experts frae the aurie. The Audio-guidit visit tae Sant Jaume de Frontanya allous visitors tae discover the hidden stories o the veelage at their awn pace. It is available in Catalan, Spaingie, Inglis an French an wis producit in 2008 bi Associacio Myriades Culturals. == Places o interest == * Monastery o Sant Jaume de Frontanyà. 11t hunderyear * Hermitage o Sant Esteve de Tubau. [[Pre-Romanesque airt|Pre-Romanesque]] oreegin. * Shrine o Oor Lady o Oms. 18t hunderyear * Restaurant Fonda Cal Marxandó. Documentit syne 1851. == Demografie == {{infobox catalan city demography | pop_1857=465 | pop_1877=322 | pop_1887=234 | pop_1900=214 | pop_1930=198 | pop_1940=180 | pop_1950=159 | pop_1960=73 | pop_1970=21 | pop_1986=23 | pop_latest=30 | latest_year=2007}} ==References== * Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). ''Guia de Catalunya'', Barcelona:Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spanish). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan). 'Sant Jaume de Frontanya: Natura, Art i pau' (2005). ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.santjaumedefrontanya.net Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211141117/http://www.santjaumedefrontanya.net/ |date=2017-12-11 }} {{ca icon}} *[http://www.municat.net:8000/omunicat/owa/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=1&cod=0821660009 Information - Generalitat de Catalunya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124134/http://www.municat.net:8000/omunicat/owa/mun_p01.dad_ens?via=1&cod=0821660009 |date=2007-09-29 }} {{ca icon}} *[http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC=3&V0=1&V1=08216 Statistical information - Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya] {{ca icon}} {{br}} {{Geographic location |Centre = Sant Jaume de Frontanyà |N = |NE = [[Gombrèn]] |E = |SE = |S = [[Les Llosses]] |SW = |W = |NW = [[La Pobla de Lillet]] }} {{Bergueda}} {{Municipalities in Barcelona}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sant Jaume De Frontanya}} [[Category:Municipalities in Berguedà]] fdv6t0x54yy9xhik695fsjd9pb2i5na 0 130146 920881 920876 2026-08-17T12:10:52Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith}} {{Infobox bodie | image = Hayden Panettiere 2009 (Straighten Crop).jpg | caption = Panettiere in 2009 | birth_name = Hayden Lesley Panettiere<ref>{{cite web|url=http://repertoire.bmi.com/Catalog.aspx?detail=writerid&page=1&fromrow=1&torow=25&keyid=1022590&subid=0|title=BMI - Repertoire Search|website=repertoire.bmi.com|access-date=2026-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228041336/http://repertoire.bmi.com/Catalog.aspx?detail=writerid&page=1&fromrow=1&torow=25&keyid=1022590&subid=0|archive-date=2018-02-28|url-status=live}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1989|8|21}} | birth_place = [[Palisades, New York]], U.S.<ref>{{cite book|author=Hischak, Thomas S.|page=[https://archive.org/details/disneyvoiceactor00thom/page/n171 163]|title=Disney Voice Actors: A Biographical Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/disneyvoiceactor00thom|url-access=limited|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |isbn= 978-0-786-48694-6|year=2011}}</ref> | death_date = {{Death date and age|2026|8|16|1989|8|21}} | death_place = [[Greenville, Sooth Carolina]], U.S.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stevens |first1=Matt |title=Hayden Panettiere, Star of ‘Nashville’ and ‘Heroes,’ Dies at 36 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/17/arts/television/hayden-panettiere-dead.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=August 17, 2026 |language=en |date=August 17, 2026}}</ref><ref>[https://www.wyff4.com/article/hayden-panettiere-dies-in-greenville-county/73448001 Police: Actress Hayden Panettiere dies in Greenville County]</ref> | occupation = {{hlist|Actress|sangster}} | years_active = 1990–2026 | partner = [[Wladimir Klitschko]] (2009–2011, 2013–2018) | children = 1 | relatives = [[Jansen Panettiere]] (brither) }} '''Hayden Lesley Panettiere''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|æ|n|ɨ|t|i|ˈ|ɛər}}; {{IPA-it|panettjɛre}}); 21 August 1989 – 16 August 2026)<ref name="the source">{{cite web|url = http://www.thesource4ym.com/interviews/HaydenPanettiere.aspx|title = Interview with Hayden Panettiere|accessdate = June 16, 2013|date = October 19, 2004|work = Interviews|publisher = The Source for Youth Ministries|archive-date = 2013-06-26|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130626002808/http://www.thesource4ym.com/interviews/HaydenPanettiere.aspx|url-status = dead}}</ref> wis an American actress an sangster. She starned as [[Claire Bennet]] on the [[NBC]] [[superhero]] series ''[[Heroes (American TV series)|Heroes]]'' (2006–2010), [[Kirby Reed]] in the [[Slasher film|slasher]] [[Horror film|horror]] franchise ''[[Scream (franchise)|Scream]]'' (2011–2023), an [[Juliette Barnes]] in the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]/[[CMT (American TV chainel)|CMT]] [[Muisical film|muisical]] [[Drama (film an telly)|drama]] series ''[[Nashville (2012 TV series)|Nashville]]'' (2012–2018). The latter earnt her twa nominations fur the [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Supportin Actress – Series, Miniseries or Telly Film]]. Panettiere furst appeared on-screen in a commercial in 1990, at eleiven months auld. Her fou-time actin career begoud in 1994 whan she pleyed [[Sarah Roberts (One Life to Live)|Sarah Roberts]] in the ABC [[saip opera]] series ''[[One Life to Live]]'' till 1997. She pleyed [[Lizzie Spaulding]] in the [[CBS]] saip opera series ''[[Guiding Light]]'' frae 1996 tae 2000. Fur her role as Princess Dot in the [[Pixar]] film ''[[A Bug's Life]]'' (1998), she wis nominatit fur a [[20t Youth in Film Awairds|Yung Airtist Awaird]] an a [[Grammy Awaird fur Best Spoken Wird Album fur Bairn|Grammy Awaird]], makin her the [[Grammy Awaird milestanes|fift-yungest nominee fur a Grammy]]. Panettiere starned in the [[Lifetime (TV chainel)|Lifetime]] film ''[[If You Believe (film)|If You Believe]]'' (1999), the live-action animatit drama adventur film ''[[Dinosaur (2000 film)|Dinosaur]]'' an the [[Biographical film|biographical]] [[American fitba|fitbaw]] film ''[[Remember the Titans]]'' (baith 2000), the final saison o the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] legal comedy-drama series ''[[Ally McBeal]]'' (2002), the comedy-drama film ''[[Raising Helen]]'' an the [[Disney Channel]] film ''[[Tiger Cruise (film)|Tiger Cruise]]'' (baith 2004), the horse racin comedy film ''[[Racing Stripes]]'' an the [[feegur-skeitchin]] drama film ''[[Ice Princess]]'' (baith 2005), the teen [[cheerleadin]] film ''[[Bring It On: All or Nothing]]'' (2006), the romantic comedy film ''[[I Love You, Beth Cooper (film)|I Love You, Beth Cooper]]'' (2009), the [[true crime]] drama film ''[[Amanda Knox: Murder on Trial in Italy]]'' (2011), an the drama film ''[[Custody (2016 film)|Custody]]'' (2016). She vyced [[Kairi (Kingdom Hearts)|Kairi]] an [[Xion (Kingdom Hearts)|Xion]] in the video gemme series ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' (2002–2017), an portrayed Samantha "Sam" Giddings in the video gemme ''[[Until Dawn]]'' (2015). == Early life == Hayden Lesley Panettiere wis born on 21 August 1989, an brocht up in Palisades, New York. She wis the eldest bairn o Lesley R. Vogel, a umwhile saip opera actress, an Alan Lee Panettiere, a captain in the New York Ceety Fire Depairtment. She wis o Italian, German, an Inglis strynd. Her surname wis Italian meanin "baker" an cam frae her paternal step-grandfaither, wha adoptit her faither; the faimily pronounced it ''pan-a-teery''. She haed ane yunger brither, fellae actor Jansen Panettiere, wha dee'd at age 28 frae aortic valve complications relatit tae enlairgit hert syndrome in 2023. Her mither's faimily bided in Indiana. Efter attendin Sooth Orangetown Middle Schuil in New York, Panettiere wis hameschuiled an haed private tutors frae nint grade throu the completion o heich schuil tae accommodate her actin schedule. == Daith an homages == Panettiere dee'd on 16 August 2026, in Greenville, Sooth Carolina, at age 36. Her cause o daith wis nae disclosed in the annooncement. Panettiere's faither said she "wis an incredible licht an a poust o naitur wha brocht immeasurable luve an joy tae aw wha knew her an tae the millions wha watched her onscreen". Jay Shetty, wha haed interviewed her three months afore her daith fur his ''On Purpose'' podcast, said that "wir freendship haed juist begun" an that he "wis sae muivit bi the collogue we skared". Viola Davis cawed her "an amazin talent… sae giftit" an descrieved her as an "auld, wise soul wi sic a deep hert". ==References== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Panettiere, Hayden}} [[Category:1989 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Actresses frae New York]] [[Category:American activists]] [[Category:American bairn actresses]] [[Category:American bairn sangsters]] [[Category:American female country sangsters]] [[Category:American country sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American environmentalists]] [[Category:American female sangsters]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American fowk o Italian strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American soap opera actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] [[Category:American vyce actresses]] [[Category:Ainimal richts advocates]] [[Category:Hollywood Records airtists]] [[Category:Muisickers frae New York]] [[Category:Fowk frae Palisades, New York]] [[Category:20t-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:Weemen activists]] [[Category:Actresses o Italian strynd]] st0753kfezvkwo2xqw01um6tz8z5mf1 920882 920881 2026-08-17T13:29:12Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith}} {{Infobox bodie | image = Hayden Panettiere 2009 (Straighten Crop).jpg | caption = Panettiere in 2009 | birth_name = Hayden Lesley Panettiere<ref>{{cite web|url=http://repertoire.bmi.com/Catalog.aspx?detail=writerid&page=1&fromrow=1&torow=25&keyid=1022590&subid=0|title=BMI - Repertoire Search|website=repertoire.bmi.com|access-date=2026-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228041336/http://repertoire.bmi.com/Catalog.aspx?detail=writerid&page=1&fromrow=1&torow=25&keyid=1022590&subid=0|archive-date=2018-02-28|url-status=live}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1989|8|21}} | birth_place = [[Palisades, New York]], U.S.<ref>{{cite book|author=Hischak, Thomas S.|page=[https://archive.org/details/disneyvoiceactor00thom/page/n171 163]|title=Disney Voice Actors: A Biographical Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/disneyvoiceactor00thom|url-access=limited|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |isbn= 978-0-786-48694-6|year=2011}}</ref> | death_date = {{Death date and age|2026|8|16|1989|8|21}} | death_place = [[Greenville, Sooth Carolina]], U.S.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stevens |first1=Matt |title=Hayden Panettiere, Star of ‘Nashville’ and ‘Heroes,’ Dies at 36 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/17/arts/television/hayden-panettiere-dead.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=August 17, 2026 |language=en |date=August 17, 2026}}</ref><ref>[https://www.wyff4.com/article/hayden-panettiere-dies-in-greenville-county/73448001 Police: Actress Hayden Panettiere dies in Greenville County]</ref> | occupation = {{hlist|Actress|sangster}} | years_active = 1990–2026 | partner = [[Wladimir Klitschko]] (2009–2011, 2013–2018) | children = 1 | relatives = [[Jansen Panettiere]] (brither) }} '''Hayden Lesley Panettiere''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|æ|n|ɨ|t|i|ˈ|ɛər}}; {{IPA-it|panettjɛre}}); 21 August 1989 – 16 August 2026)<ref name="the source">{{cite web|url = http://www.thesource4ym.com/interviews/HaydenPanettiere.aspx|title = Interview with Hayden Panettiere|accessdate = June 16, 2013|date = October 19, 2004|work = Interviews|publisher = The Source for Youth Ministries|archive-date = 2013-06-26|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130626002808/http://www.thesource4ym.com/interviews/HaydenPanettiere.aspx|url-status = dead}}</ref> wis an American actress an sangster. She starned as [[Claire Bennet]] on the [[NBC]] [[superhero]] series ''[[Heroes (American TV series)|Heroes]]'' (2006–2010), [[Kirby Reed]] in the [[Slasher film|slasher]] [[Horror film|horror]] franchise ''[[Scream (franchise)|Scream]]'' (2011–2023), an [[Juliette Barnes]] in the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]/[[CMT (American TV chainel)|CMT]] [[Muisical film|muisical]] [[Drama (film an telly)|drama]] series ''[[Nashville (2012 TV series)|Nashville]]'' (2012–2018). The latter earnt her twa nominations fur the [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Supportin Actress – Series, Miniseries or Telly Film]]. Panettiere furst appeared on-screen in a commercial in 1990, at eleiven months auld. Her fou-time actin career begoud in 1994 whan she pleyed [[Sarah Roberts (One Life to Live)|Sarah Roberts]] in the ABC [[saip opera]] series ''[[One Life to Live]]'' till 1997. She pleyed [[Lizzie Spaulding]] in the [[CBS]] saip opera series ''[[Guiding Light]]'' frae 1996 tae 2000. Fur her role as Princess Dot in the [[Pixar]] film ''[[A Bug's Life]]'' (1998), she wis nominatit fur a [[20t Youth in Film Awairds|Yung Airtist Awaird]] an a [[Grammy Awaird fur Best Spoken Wird Album fur Bairn|Grammy Awaird]], makin her the [[Grammy Awaird milestanes|fift-yungest nominee fur a Grammy]]. Panettiere starned in the [[Lifetime (TV chainel)|Lifetime]] film ''[[If You Believe (film)|If You Believe]]'' (1999), the live-action animatit drama adventur film ''[[Dinosaur (2000 film)|Dinosaur]]'' an the [[Biographical film|biographical]] [[American fitba|fitbaw]] film ''[[Remember the Titans]]'' (baith 2000), the final saison o the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] legal comedy-drama series ''[[Ally McBeal]]'' (2002), the comedy-drama film ''[[Raising Helen]]'' an the [[Disney Channel]] film ''[[Tiger Cruise (film)|Tiger Cruise]]'' (baith 2004), the horse racin comedy film ''[[Racing Stripes]]'' an the [[feegur-skeitchin]] drama film ''[[Ice Princess]]'' (baith 2005), the teen [[cheerleadin]] film ''[[Bring It On: All or Nothing]]'' (2006), the romantic comedy film ''[[I Love You, Beth Cooper (film)|I Love You, Beth Cooper]]'' (2009), the [[true crime]] drama film ''[[Amanda Knox: Murder on Trial in Italy]]'' (2011), an the drama film ''[[Custody (2016 film)|Custody]]'' (2016). She vyced [[Kairi (Kingdom Hearts)|Kairi]] an [[Xion (Kingdom Hearts)|Xion]] in the video gemme series ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' (2002–2017), an portrayed Samantha "Sam" Giddings in the video gemme ''[[Until Dawn]]'' (2015). == Early life == Hayden Lesley Panettiere wis born on 21 August 1989, an brocht up in [[Palisades, New York]]. She wis the eldest bairn o Lesley R. Vogel, a umwhile saip opera actress, an Alan Lee Panettiere, a [[Firefechter|captain]] in the [[New York Ceety Fire Depairtment]]. She wis o Italian, German, an Inglis strynd. Her surname wis Italian meanin "baker" an cam frae her paternal step-grandfaither, wha adoptit her faither; the faimily pronounced it ''pan-a-teery''. She haed ane yunger brither, fellae actor [[Jansen Panettiere]], wha dee'd at age 28 frae [[aortic valve]] complications relatit tae [[Cardiomegaly|enlairgit hert syndrome]] in 2023. Her mither's faimily bided in [[Indiana]]. Efter attendin [[Sooth Orangetown Central Schuil Destrict|Sooth Orangetown Middle Schuil]] in New York, Panettiere wis [[Hame eddication|hameschuiled]] an haed private tutors frae nint grade throu the completion o heich schuil tae accommodate her actin schedule. == Daith an homages == Panettiere dee'd on 16 August 2026, in Greenville, Sooth Carolina, at age 36. Her cause o daith wis nae disclosed in the annooncement. Panettiere's faither said she "wis an incredible licht an a poust o naitur wha brocht immeasurable luve an joy tae aw wha knew her an tae the millions wha watched her onscreen". Jay Shetty, wha haed interviewed her three months afore her daith fur his ''On Purpose'' podcast, said that "wir freendship haed juist begun" an that he "wis sae muivit bi the collogue we skared". Viola Davis cawed her "an amazin talent… sae giftit" an descrieved her as an "auld, wise soul wi sic a deep hert". Bryan Fuller, wha wrate on ''Heroes''' furst saison, said she wis "mair nor an actress, she wis a muse" ==References== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Panettiere, Hayden}} [[Category:1989 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Actresses frae New York]] [[Category:American activists]] [[Category:American bairn actresses]] [[Category:American bairn sangsters]] [[Category:American female country sangsters]] [[Category:American country sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American environmentalists]] [[Category:American female sangsters]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American fowk o Italian strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American soap opera actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] [[Category:American vyce actresses]] [[Category:Ainimal richts advocates]] [[Category:Hollywood Records airtists]] [[Category:Muisickers frae New York]] [[Category:Fowk frae Palisades, New York]] [[Category:20t-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:Weemen activists]] [[Category:Actresses o Italian strynd]] s3hqsl41b429ij0z85ooh39flmt9gil 920883 920882 2026-08-17T13:30:02Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Recent daith}} {{Infobox bodie | image = Hayden Panettiere 2009 (Straighten Crop).jpg | caption = Panettiere in 2009 | birth_name = Hayden Lesley Panettiere<ref>{{cite web|url=http://repertoire.bmi.com/Catalog.aspx?detail=writerid&page=1&fromrow=1&torow=25&keyid=1022590&subid=0|title=BMI - Repertoire Search|website=repertoire.bmi.com|access-date=2026-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228041336/http://repertoire.bmi.com/Catalog.aspx?detail=writerid&page=1&fromrow=1&torow=25&keyid=1022590&subid=0|archive-date=2018-02-28|url-status=live}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1989|8|21}} | birth_place = [[Palisades, New York]], U.S.<ref>{{cite book|author=Hischak, Thomas S.|page=[https://archive.org/details/disneyvoiceactor00thom/page/n171 163]|title=Disney Voice Actors: A Biographical Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/disneyvoiceactor00thom|url-access=limited|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |isbn= 978-0-786-48694-6|year=2011}}</ref> | death_date = {{Death date and age|2026|8|16|1989|8|21}} | death_place = [[Greenville, Sooth Carolina]], U.S.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stevens |first1=Matt |title=Hayden Panettiere, Star of ‘Nashville’ and ‘Heroes,’ Dies at 36 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/17/arts/television/hayden-panettiere-dead.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=August 17, 2026 |language=en |date=August 17, 2026}}</ref><ref>[https://www.wyff4.com/article/hayden-panettiere-dies-in-greenville-county/73448001 Police: Actress Hayden Panettiere dies in Greenville County]</ref> | occupation = {{hlist|Actress|sangster}} | years_active = 1990–2026 | partner = [[Wladimir Klitschko]] (2009–2011, 2013–2018) | children = 1 | relatives = [[Jansen Panettiere]] (brither) }} '''Hayden Lesley Panettiere''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|æ|n|ɨ|t|i|ˈ|ɛər}}; {{IPA-it|panettjɛre}}); 21 August 1989 – 16 August 2026)<ref name="the source">{{cite web|url = http://www.thesource4ym.com/interviews/HaydenPanettiere.aspx|title = Interview with Hayden Panettiere|accessdate = June 16, 2013|date = October 19, 2004|work = Interviews|publisher = The Source for Youth Ministries|archive-date = 2013-06-26|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130626002808/http://www.thesource4ym.com/interviews/HaydenPanettiere.aspx|url-status = dead}}</ref> wis an American actress an sangster. She starned as [[Claire Bennet]] on the [[NBC]] [[superhero]] series ''[[Heroes (American TV series)|Heroes]]'' (2006–2010), [[Kirby Reed]] in the [[Slasher film|slasher]] [[Horror film|horror]] franchise ''[[Scream (franchise)|Scream]]'' (2011–2023), an [[Juliette Barnes]] in the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]/[[CMT (American TV chainel)|CMT]] [[Muisical film|muisical]] [[Drama (film an telly)|drama]] series ''[[Nashville (2012 TV series)|Nashville]]'' (2012–2018). The latter earnt her twa nominations fur the [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Supportin Actress – Series, Miniseries or Telly Film]]. Panettiere furst appeared on-screen in a commercial in 1990, at eleiven months auld. Her fou-time actin career begoud in 1994 whan she pleyed [[Sarah Roberts (One Life to Live)|Sarah Roberts]] in the ABC [[saip opera]] series ''[[One Life to Live]]'' till 1997. She pleyed [[Lizzie Spaulding]] in the [[CBS]] saip opera series ''[[Guiding Light]]'' frae 1996 tae 2000. Fur her role as Princess Dot in the [[Pixar]] film ''[[A Bug's Life]]'' (1998), she wis nominatit fur a [[20t Youth in Film Awairds|Yung Airtist Awaird]] an a [[Grammy Awaird fur Best Spoken Wird Album fur Bairn|Grammy Awaird]], makin her the [[Grammy Awaird milestanes|fift-yungest nominee fur a Grammy]]. Panettiere starned in the [[Lifetime (TV chainel)|Lifetime]] film ''[[If You Believe (film)|If You Believe]]'' (1999), the live-action animatit drama adventur film ''[[Dinosaur (2000 film)|Dinosaur]]'' an the [[Biographical film|biographical]] [[American fitba|fitbaw]] film ''[[Remember the Titans]]'' (baith 2000), the final saison o the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] legal comedy-drama series ''[[Ally McBeal]]'' (2002), the comedy-drama film ''[[Raising Helen]]'' an the [[Disney Channel]] film ''[[Tiger Cruise (film)|Tiger Cruise]]'' (baith 2004), the horse racin comedy film ''[[Racing Stripes]]'' an the [[feegur-skeitchin]] drama film ''[[Ice Princess]]'' (baith 2005), the teen [[cheerleadin]] film ''[[Bring It On: All or Nothing]]'' (2006), the romantic comedy film ''[[I Love You, Beth Cooper (film)|I Love You, Beth Cooper]]'' (2009), the [[true crime]] drama film ''[[Amanda Knox: Murder on Trial in Italy]]'' (2011), an the drama film ''[[Custody (2016 film)|Custody]]'' (2016). She vyced [[Kairi (Kingdom Hearts)|Kairi]] an [[Xion (Kingdom Hearts)|Xion]] in the video gemme series ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' (2002–2017), an portrayed Samantha "Sam" Giddings in the video gemme ''[[Until Dawn]]'' (2015). == Early life == Hayden Lesley Panettiere wis born on 21 August 1989, an brocht up in [[Palisades, New York]]. She wis the eldest bairn o Lesley R. Vogel, a umwhile saip opera actress, an Alan Lee Panettiere, a [[Firefechter|captain]] in the [[New York Ceety Fire Depairtment]]. She wis o Italian, German, an Inglis strynd. Her surname wis Italian meanin "baker" an cam frae her paternal step-grandfaither, wha adoptit her faither; the faimily pronounced it ''pan-a-teery''. She haed ane yunger brither, fellae actor [[Jansen Panettiere]], wha dee'd at age 28 frae [[aortic valve]] complications relatit tae [[Cardiomegaly|enlairgit hert syndrome]] in 2023. Her mither's faimily bided in [[Indiana]]. Efter attendin [[Sooth Orangetown Central Schuil Destrict|Sooth Orangetown Middle Schuil]] in New York, Panettiere wis [[Hame eddication|hameschuiled]] an haed private tutors frae nint grade throu the completion o heich schuil tae accommodate her actin schedule. == Daith an homages == Panettiere dee'd on 16 August 2026, in [[Greenville, Sooth Carolina]], at age 36. Her cause o daith wis nae disclosed in the annooncement. Panettiere's faither said she "wis an incredible licht an a poust o naitur wha brocht immeasurable luve an joy tae aw wha knew her an tae the millions wha watched her onscreen". [[Jay Shetty]], wha haed interviewed her three months afore her daith fur his ''On Purpose'' podcast, said that "wir freendship haed juist begun" an that he "wis sae muivit bi the collogue we skared". [[Viola Davis]] cawed her "an amazin talent… sae giftit" an descrieved her as an "auld, wise soul wi sic a deep hert". [[Bryan Fuller]], wha wrate on ''Heroes''' furst saison, said she wis "mair nor an actress, she wis a [[muse]]" ==References== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Panettiere, Hayden}} [[Category:1989 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Actresses frae New York]] [[Category:American activists]] [[Category:American bairn actresses]] [[Category:American bairn sangsters]] [[Category:American female country sangsters]] [[Category:American country sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American environmentalists]] [[Category:American female sangsters]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American fowk o Italian strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American soap opera actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] [[Category:American vyce actresses]] [[Category:Ainimal richts advocates]] [[Category:Hollywood Records airtists]] [[Category:Muisickers frae New York]] [[Category:Fowk frae Palisades, New York]] [[Category:20t-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:Weemen activists]] [[Category:Actresses o Italian strynd]] nvzxqo2njum47hwvfos2px428225ipg 0 131656 920917 841618 2026-08-17T17:24:08Z Kaybeesquared 78785 Removed redlinks 920917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = 2009 07 31 David Tennant smile 09.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2009 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathgate]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017-the noo) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in Paisley, Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the Isle of Mull.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae Paisley]] [[Category:Alumni o the Ryal Scots Academy o Muisic an Drama]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Paisley Grammar Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Scots fowk o Northren Erse strynd]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots Protestants]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] 1r0m0riyrc6ozgycyl6y53wfi4l5i9d 920929 920917 2026-08-17T17:37:10Z Kaybeesquared 78785 added newer image 920929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathgate]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017-the noo) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in Paisley, Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the Isle of Mull.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae Paisley]] [[Category:Alumni o the Ryal Scots Academy o Muisic an Drama]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Paisley Grammar Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Scots fowk o Northren Erse strynd]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots Protestants]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] 42fdewzsv4ibuy6782wy0658r2js6c4 920930 920929 2026-08-17T17:38:57Z Kaybeesquared 78785 corrected typo 920930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017-the noo) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in Paisley, Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the Isle of Mull.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae Paisley]] [[Category:Alumni o the Ryal Scots Academy o Muisic an Drama]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Paisley Grammar Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Scots fowk o Northren Erse strynd]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots Protestants]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] 2d8mf6jlj8z8v6k4slxgmzsv58ivpb2 920931 920930 2026-08-17T17:40:43Z Kaybeesquared 78785 added text 920931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017-) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in Paisley, Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the Isle of Mull.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae Paisley]] [[Category:Alumni o the Ryal Scots Academy o Muisic an Drama]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Paisley Grammar Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Scots fowk o Northren Erse strynd]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots Protestants]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] 65szz7k346h8wkydd5pva3ktm8n9i9k 920932 920931 2026-08-17T17:41:15Z Kaybeesquared 78785 added date 920932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in Paisley, Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the Isle of Mull.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae Paisley]] [[Category:Alumni o the Ryal Scots Academy o Muisic an Drama]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Paisley Grammar Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Scots fowk o Northren Erse strynd]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots Protestants]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] nmibgll5h3wxk7uyxixgreo0130gnem 920933 920932 2026-08-17T17:44:40Z Kaybeesquared 78785 added links 920933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the Isle of Mull.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae Paisley]] [[Category:Alumni o the Ryal Scots Academy o Muisic an Drama]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Paisley Grammar Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Scots fowk o Northren Erse strynd]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots Protestants]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] 0e2z0d6uzai8d0ofkzjf1361e51g8an 920934 920933 2026-08-17T17:47:29Z Kaybeesquared 78785 removed red categories for now - can be added later 920934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the Isle of Mull.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o the Ryal Scots Academy o Muisic an Drama]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] cdgonlpx0wys3lvdipsbch2bk6mci0x 920935 920934 2026-08-17T17:52:48Z Kaybeesquared 78785 added text 920935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), an Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]].'' In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the Isle of Mull.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> == Career == He wis Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o the Ryal Scots Academy o Muisic an Drama]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] juanb6cv5up22gcblfv0svt7kecq162 920938 920935 2026-08-17T17:57:57Z Kaybeesquared 78785 added text 920938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), an Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]].'' In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the Isle of Mull.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Tennant startit actin at schuill, an wis in an film agin smokin' when he wis 16. He wis edicatit at the Scottish Conservatoire wis Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o the Ryal Scots Academy o Muisic an Drama]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] p4byuogvytmcrhktb4as0oiy6gm1ito 920941 920938 2026-08-17T18:00:09Z Kaybeesquared 78785 added citaiton 920941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), an Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]].'' In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the Isle of Mull.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Tennant startit actin at schuill, an wis in an film agin smokin' when he wis 16. He wis edicatit at the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Royal Scots Conservatoire]] o Scotland,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-08-10|title=Our Alumni|url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/alumni/our-alumni/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|language=en-GB}}</ref> wis Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o the Ryal Scots Academy o Muisic an Drama]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] t6kay19nn2lz3cknxi6d9fq06s5sa6c 920942 920941 2026-08-17T18:01:42Z Kaybeesquared 78785 added citation 920942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), an Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]].'' In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the Isle of Mull.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Tennant startit actin at schuill, an wis in an film agin smokin' when he wis 16. He wis edicatit at the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Royal Conservatoire o Scotland]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-08-10|title=Our Alumni|url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/alumni/our-alumni/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|language=en-GB}}</ref> wis Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o the Ryal Scots Academy o Muisic an Drama]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] c9ssxd1pofl7xj8f807zu636cykfhiu 920943 920942 2026-08-17T18:03:27Z Kaybeesquared 78785 Added citation 920943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), an Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]].''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-03-29|title=David Tennant: The good doctor|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/david-tennant-the-good-doctor-802404.html|access-date=2026-08-17|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the Isle of Mull.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Tennant startit actin at schuill, an wis in an film agin smokin' when he wis 16. He wis edicatit at the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Royal Conservatoire o Scotland]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-08-10|title=Our Alumni|url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/alumni/our-alumni/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|language=en-GB}}</ref> wis Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o the Ryal Scots Academy o Muisic an Drama]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] 8bz72j15892svqo9o5eplhvfl0qrt1c 920944 920943 2026-08-17T18:05:46Z Kaybeesquared 78785 added text 920944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), an Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]].''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-03-29|title=David Tennant: The good doctor|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/david-tennant-the-good-doctor-802404.html|access-date=2026-08-17|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the Isle of Mull.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Tennant startit actin at schuill, an wis in an film agin smokin' when he wis 16. He wis edicatit at the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Royal Conservatoire o Scotland]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-08-10|title=Our Alumni|url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/alumni/our-alumni/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|language=en-GB}}</ref> an jyned the [[Scottish Theatre Group 7:84]] wis Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o the Ryal Scots Academy o Muisic an Drama]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] ss6l92hu420mpxctx3pneqvcpfdp6in 920946 920944 2026-08-17T18:19:44Z Kaybeesquared 78785 added citation 920946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), an Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]].''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-03-29|title=David Tennant: The good doctor|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/david-tennant-the-good-doctor-802404.html|access-date=2026-08-17|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the Isle of Mull.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Tennant startit actin at schuill, an wis in an film agin smokin' when he wis 16. He wis edicatit at the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Royal Conservatoire o Scotland]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-08-10|title=Our Alumni|url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/alumni/our-alumni/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|language=en-GB}}</ref> an jyned the [[Scottish Theatre Group 7:84]]. As weel as actin wi them in a nummer o small an later lead roles, he becam a board memmer o the Royal Shakespeare Company in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cats, kinky sex and the titan who defined them {{!}} Ghostarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/YTn2M|access-date=2026-08-17|website=ghostarchive.org}}</ref> He wis Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o the Ryal Scots Academy o Muisic an Drama]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] ljuxpn2lmliemnq8lrusyo96ch7bjsr 920948 920946 2026-08-17T18:23:49Z Kaybeesquared 78785 added category 920948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), an Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]].''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-03-29|title=David Tennant: The good doctor|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/david-tennant-the-good-doctor-802404.html|access-date=2026-08-17|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the Isle of Mull.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Tennant startit actin at schuill, an wis in an film agin smokin' when he wis 16. He wis edicatit at the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Royal Conservatoire o Scotland]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-08-10|title=Our Alumni|url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/alumni/our-alumni/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|language=en-GB}}</ref> an jyned the [[Scottish Theatre Group 7:84]]. As weel as actin wi them in a nummer o small an later lead roles, he becam a board memmer o the Royal Shakespeare Company in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cats, kinky sex and the titan who defined them {{!}} Ghostarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/YTn2M|access-date=2026-08-17|website=ghostarchive.org}}</ref> He wis Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:Alumni o the Conservatoire of Scotland]] by95on08dph5e4reo4a8q5k47o4lzra 920949 920948 2026-08-17T18:25:41Z Kaybeesquared 78785 added link 920949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), an Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]].''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-03-29|title=David Tennant: The good doctor|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/david-tennant-the-good-doctor-802404.html|access-date=2026-08-17|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the [[Mull|Isle of Mull]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Tennant startit actin at schuill, an wis in an film agin smokin' when he wis 16. He wis edicatit at the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Royal Conservatoire o Scotland]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-08-10|title=Our Alumni|url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/alumni/our-alumni/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|language=en-GB}}</ref> an jyned the [[Scottish Theatre Group 7:84]]. As weel as actin wi them in a nummer o small an later lead roles, he becam a board memmer o the Royal Shakespeare Company in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cats, kinky sex and the titan who defined them {{!}} Ghostarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/YTn2M|access-date=2026-08-17|website=ghostarchive.org}}</ref> He wis Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:Alumni o the Conservatoire of Scotland]] nfi6epeeit6pxt3943qoxhl702mkfy8 920956 920949 2026-08-17T18:29:51Z Kaybeesquared 78785 added text 920956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), an Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]].''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-03-29|title=David Tennant: The good doctor|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/david-tennant-the-good-doctor-802404.html|access-date=2026-08-17|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the [[Mull|Isle of Mull]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Tennant startit actin at schuill, an wis in an film agin smokin' when he wis 16. He wis edicatit at the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Royal Conservatoire o Scotland]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-08-10|title=Our Alumni|url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/alumni/our-alumni/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|language=en-GB}}</ref> an jyned the [[Scottish Theatre Group 7:84]]. As weel as actin wi them in a nummer o small an later lead roles, he becam a board memmer o the Royal Shakespeare Company in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cats, kinky sex and the titan who defined them {{!}} Ghostarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/YTn2M|access-date=2026-08-17|website=ghostarchive.org}}</ref> He wis Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). In 2024, Tennant hostit the British Academy of Film and Television Awards (BAFTA).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yossman|first=Alex Ritman,K J.|date=2024-02-18|title=BAFTAs Host David Tennant Recruits Michael Sheen, Tom Hiddleston and Judi Dench for ‘Staged’-Inspired Monologue|url=https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/bafta-host-david-tennant-michael-sheen-tom-hiddleston-judi-dench-1235914940/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:Alumni o the Conservatoire of Scotland]] po388pf3tzay1kkel64jqh6tqkztqwi 920966 920956 2026-08-17T18:37:02Z Kaybeesquared 78785 added citation 920966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), an Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]].''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-03-29|title=David Tennant: The good doctor|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/david-tennant-the-good-doctor-802404.html|access-date=2026-08-17|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the [[Mull|Isle of Mull]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Tennant startit actin at schuill, an wis in an film agin smokin' when he wis 16. He wis edicatit at the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Royal Conservatoire o Scotland]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-08-10|title=Our Alumni|url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/alumni/our-alumni/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|language=en-GB}}</ref> an jyned the [[Scottish Theatre Group 7:84]]. As weel as actin wi them in a nummer o small an later lead roles, he becam a board memmer o the Royal Shakespeare Company in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cats, kinky sex and the titan who defined them {{!}} Ghostarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/YTn2M|access-date=2026-08-17|website=ghostarchive.org}}</ref> Ha'en bin a fan syne his childhood, he becam Dr. Who, baith oan BBC an in spin-oots.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC - Press Office - First look at new animated Doctor Who|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2009/08_august/21/dreamland.shtml|access-date=2026-08-17|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> He wis Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). In 2024, Tennant hostit the British Academy of Film and Television Awards (BAFTA).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yossman|first=Alex Ritman,K J.|date=2024-02-18|title=BAFTAs Host David Tennant Recruits Michael Sheen, Tom Hiddleston and Judi Dench for ‘Staged’-Inspired Monologue|url=https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/bafta-host-david-tennant-michael-sheen-tom-hiddleston-judi-dench-1235914940/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:Alumni o the Conservatoire of Scotland]] i1qaau3fn302hnzm2pcbc4cvm3bn0um 920968 920966 2026-08-17T18:37:27Z Kaybeesquared 78785 /* Career */ amended font 920968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), an Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]].''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-03-29|title=David Tennant: The good doctor|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/david-tennant-the-good-doctor-802404.html|access-date=2026-08-17|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the [[Mull|Isle of Mull]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Tennant startit actin at schuill, an wis in an film agin smokin' when he wis 16. He wis edicatit at the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Royal Conservatoire o Scotland]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-08-10|title=Our Alumni|url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/alumni/our-alumni/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|language=en-GB}}</ref> an jyned the [[Scottish Theatre Group 7:84]]. As weel as actin wi them in a nummer o small an later lead roles, he becam a board memmer o the Royal Shakespeare Company in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cats, kinky sex and the titan who defined them {{!}} Ghostarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/YTn2M|access-date=2026-08-17|website=ghostarchive.org}}</ref> Ha'en bin a fan syne his childhood, he becam ''Dr. Who'', baith oan BBC an in spin-oots.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC - Press Office - First look at new animated Doctor Who|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2009/08_august/21/dreamland.shtml|access-date=2026-08-17|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> He wis Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). In 2024, Tennant hostit the British Academy of Film and Television Awards (BAFTA).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yossman|first=Alex Ritman,K J.|date=2024-02-18|title=BAFTAs Host David Tennant Recruits Michael Sheen, Tom Hiddleston and Judi Dench for ‘Staged’-Inspired Monologue|url=https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/bafta-host-david-tennant-michael-sheen-tom-hiddleston-judi-dench-1235914940/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:Alumni o the Conservatoire of Scotland]] g74724f5uvdbr6pd02z0qxarx12n5j8 921012 920968 2026-08-17T23:04:53Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), an Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]].''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-03-29|title=David Tennant: The good doctor|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/david-tennant-the-good-doctor-802404.html|access-date=2026-08-17|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the [[Mull|Isle of Mull]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Tennant startit actin at schuill, an wis in an film agin smokin' when he wis 16. He wis edicatit at the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Royal Conservatoire o Scotland]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-08-10|title=Our Alumni|url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/alumni/our-alumni/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|language=en-GB}}</ref> an jyned the [[Scottish Theatre Group 7:84]]. As weel as actin wi them in a nummer o small an later lead roles, he becam a board memmer o the Royal Shakespeare Company in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cats, kinky sex and the titan who defined them {{!}} Ghostarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/YTn2M|access-date=2026-08-17|website=ghostarchive.org}}</ref> Ha'en bin a fan syne his childhood, he becam ''Dr. Who'', baith oan BBC an in spin-oots.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC - Press Office - First look at new animated Doctor Who|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2009/08_august/21/dreamland.shtml|access-date=2026-08-17|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> He wis Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). In 2024, Tennant hostit the British Academy of Film and Television Awards (BAFTA).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yossman|first=Alex Ritman,K J.|date=2024-02-18|title=BAFTAs Host David Tennant Recruits Michael Sheen, Tom Hiddleston and Judi Dench for ‘Staged’-Inspired Monologue|url=https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/bafta-host-david-tennant-michael-sheen-tom-hiddleston-judi-dench-1235914940/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:Alumni o the Conservatoire of Scotland]] 8mhefoohh1u4i6cvzobj9jjhqd2xhjz 921065 921012 2026-08-18T07:59:34Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 921065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie |name = David Tennant |image = David Tennant - Los Angeles Comic Con 2025.jpg |caption = Tennant in 2025 |birthname = David John McDonald |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|4|18}} |birth_place = [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland |occupation = [[Actor]], [[Vyce actin|vyce actor]], [[Narrative|narrator]] |yearsactive = 1987–present |spouse = [[Georgia Moffett]] (m. 2011) |children = 4 | |parents = [[Alexander McDonald (Moderator)|Alexander McDonald]]<br>Helen McDonald (deceased)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lara|last=Gould|title=David Tennant pays tribute to his late mum|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/david-tennant-pays-tribute-to-his-late-438719|work=The Mirror|location=UK|date=27 December 2009|accessdate=26 March 2012}}</ref>}} '''David John Tennant''' (né McDonald) is a Scots actor. He haes haed sindry roles in telly an film, includin the Tent Doctor in the [[BBC]] sci-fi serial ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (2005-2010), an Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]].''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-03-29|title=David Tennant: The good doctor|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/david-tennant-the-good-doctor-802404.html|access-date=2026-08-17|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> In 2015, he wis gien the National Television Award fur Special Recognition. == Early life == Tennant wis born David John McDonald on 18 Aprile 1971 in [[Bathket]], [[Wast Lowden]], the son o Sandy McDonald<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=David Tennant's father and ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dies|trans-title=David Tennant's faither an ex-Kirk moderator Sandy McDonald dees|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35832846|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> a meenister an aince wis Moderator o the [[The Kirk|Kirk o Scotland]], an Helen McDonald (née McLeod).<ref>{{cite web|date=17 March 2016|title=Very Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator of the Church of Scotland who had a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alongside his son, David Tennant|trans-title=Verra Reverend Sandy McDonald: Moderator o the Kirk o Scotland thit haed a cameo role in ‘Dr Who’ alang wi his son, David Tennant|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/very-reverend-sandy-mcdonald-moderator-church-scotland-who-had-cameo-role-dr-who-alongside-his-son-david-tennant-a6953021.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 Februar 2021|work=[[Independent]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> He wis brocht up in [[Paisley]], Renfrewshire, alang wi his brither Blair an sister Karen,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hattenstone |first1=Simon |title=David Tennant: 'My bedpost really has very few notches' – interview |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/19/david-tennant-interview |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=the Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=19 August 2011 |language=en}}</ref> whaur his faither wis the local meenister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama Faces: David Tennant|trans-title=Drama Coupons: David Tennant|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721123703/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/faces/david_tennant.shtml|archive-date=21 July 2009|access-date=10 April 2009|publisher=[[BBC]]|lang=en|quote="David's birthday is 18 April"}}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite web|year=2008|title=McDONALD, David John|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U119800/McDONALD_David_John_David_Tennant|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2009|work=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]|publisher=A&C Black|language=en}} Online edition Oxford University Press December 2008 (subscription or leebrary caird required).</ref> Twa o Tennant's maternal great-grandparents, William an Agnes Blair, war staunch Protestants frae Northren Ireland's [[Coonty Derry]], that wis amangst the signatories o the Ulster Covenant in 1912. William wis a memmer o the [[Orange Order]]. Tennant's maternal grandfaither, fitbawer Archie McLeod, met William an Agnes' daughter Nellie whiles playin fur Derry City FC. McLeod wis stryndit frae tenant fairmers frae the [[Mull|Isle of Mull]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Do You Think You Are?|trans-title=Wha Dae Ye Think Ye Are?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/david-tennant.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2011|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Tennant startit actin at schuill, an wis in an film agin smokin' when he wis 16. He wis edicatit at the [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|Royal Conservatoire o Scotland]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-08-10|title=Our Alumni|url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/alumni/our-alumni/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland|language=en-GB}}</ref> an jyned the [[Scottish Theatre Group 7:84]]. As weel as actin wi them in a nummer o small an later lead roles, he becam a board memmer o the Royal Shakespeare Company in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cats, kinky sex and the titan who defined them {{!}} Ghostarchive|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/9017395/Cats-kinky-sex-and-the-titan-who-defined-them.html|access-date=2026-08-17|website=ghostarchive.org|archive-date=2022-01-09|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220109110158/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/9017395/Cats-kinky-sex-and-the-titan-who-defined-them.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Ha'en bin a fan syne his childhood, he becam ''Dr. Who'', baith oan BBC an in spin-oots.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC - Press Office - First look at new animated Doctor Who|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2009/08_august/21/dreamland.shtml|access-date=2026-08-17|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> He wis Kilgrave in the [[Netflix]] superhero series Jessica Jones (2015-2019), Barty Crouch Jr in the fantasy film ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', Hamlet in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2009 shawin o ''[[Hamlet]]'', an DI Alec Hardy in the [[ITV]] crime drama ''[[Broadchurch]]'' (2013-2017). Crowley in ''Good Omens'' (2019–2026), an muckle fictionalised versions of hisself in ''Staged'' (2020–2022). In 2024, Tennant hostit the British Academy of Film and Television Awards (BAFTA).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yossman|first=Alex Ritman,K J.|date=2024-02-18|title=BAFTAs Host David Tennant Recruits Michael Sheen, Tom Hiddleston and Judi Dench for ‘Staged’-Inspired Monologue|url=https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/bafta-host-david-tennant-michael-sheen-tom-hiddleston-judi-dench-1235914940/|access-date=2026-08-17|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> Tennant haes haed thrift as a vyce actor an in theatre an aa, sic as the vyce o Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017- 2021) an the titular prince in a 2008 production o Hamlet. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tennant, David}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Doctor Who actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bathket]] [[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Labour Pairty (UK) fowk]] [[Category:Breetish socialists]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:Alumni o the Conservatoire of Scotland]] slxuxeafraulptel0u5rqdck1zobosg 0 132651 920884 773132 2026-08-17T13:32:01Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | name = Viola Davis | image = Viola Davis in 2016.jpg | caption = Davis at the 2016 [[San Diego Comic-Con]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|8|11|mf=yes}} | birth_place = [[St. Matthews, Sooth Carolina]], Unitit States | alma_mater = [[Rhode Island College]] (1988)<br />[[Juilliard School]] (1993) | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1993–present | spouse = {{marriage|Julius Tennon|2003}} | children = Genesis, dauchter;<br> 2 stepbairns | home_town = [[Central Falls, Rhode Island]] }} '''Viola Davis''' (born 11 August 1965)<ref name=biography.com>{{cite web | url =http://www.biography.com/people/viola-davis-20724203#early-career | title= Viola Davis Biography: Theater Actress, Film Actress, Television Actress (1965–)| publisher=[[Biography.com]] ([[FYI (TV channel)|FYI]] / [[A&E Networks]])| accessdate= September 21, 2015 | archivedate= December 22, 2014| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222133243/http://www.biography.com/people/viola-davis-20724203 | deadurl=no}}</ref> is an American actress. Haein wan an [[Academy Awairds|Academy Awaird]], an [[Emmy Awaird]], an twa [[Tony Awairds]], she is the first black thespian tae achieve the [[Treeple Croun o Actin]].<ref name="Time Viola Davis" /><ref name="Time Most Influential" /><!--While [[Whoopi Goldberg]] and [[John Legend]] have also won a Tony, Oscar and Emmy, their Awards were not all for acting.--> ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named her ane o the [[Time 100|100 maist influential fowk in the warld]] in 2012 an 2017.<ref name="Time Most Influential">{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2111975_2111976_2112127,00.html|title=The 100 Most Influential People In The World|date=April 18, 2012|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422063049/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0%2C28804%2C2111975_2111976_2112127%2C00.html|archivedate=April 22, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Time Viola Davis">{{cite news|url=http://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4736294/viola-davis/ |work=Time |title=The 100 Most Influential People In The World: Viola Davis |accessdate=April 21, 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420221754/http://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4736294/viola-davis/ |archivedate=April 20, 2017 }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Davis, Viola}} [[Category:1965 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Calhoun Coonty, Sooth Carolina]] [[Category:Actresses frae Sooth Carolina]] [[Category:Drama Desk Award winners]] [[Category:Juilliard School alumni]] [[Category:Rhode Island College alumni]] [[Category:Tony Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Cast in a Motion Pictur Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:20t-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Female Actor in a Leadin Role Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:African-American actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American stage actresses]] [[Category:Actresses frae Rhode Island]] [[Category:Fowk frae Central Falls, Rhode Island]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Female Actor in a Drama Series Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Lead Actress in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] bf4uohcbai66mb75v0o21girl0t2z2r 920885 920884 2026-08-17T13:32:29Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | name = Viola Davis | image = Viola Davis in 2016.jpg | caption = Davis at the 2016 [[San Diego Comic-Con]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|8|11|mf=yes}} | birth_place = [[St. Matthews, Sooth Carolina]], U.S. | alma_mater = [[Rhode Island College]] (1988)<br />[[Juilliard School]] (1993) | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1993–present | spouse = {{marriage|Julius Tennon|2003}} | children = Genesis, dauchter;<br> 2 stepbairns | home_town = [[Central Falls, Rhode Island]] }} '''Viola Davis''' (born 11 August 1965)<ref name=biography.com>{{cite web | url =http://www.biography.com/people/viola-davis-20724203#early-career | title= Viola Davis Biography: Theater Actress, Film Actress, Television Actress (1965–)| publisher=[[Biography.com]] ([[FYI (TV channel)|FYI]] / [[A&E Networks]])| accessdate= September 21, 2015 | archivedate= December 22, 2014| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222133243/http://www.biography.com/people/viola-davis-20724203 | deadurl=no}}</ref> is an American actress. Haein wan an [[Academy Awairds|Academy Awaird]], an [[Emmy Awaird]], an twa [[Tony Awairds]], she is the first black thespian tae achieve the [[Treeple Croun o Actin]].<ref name="Time Viola Davis" /><ref name="Time Most Influential" /><!--While [[Whoopi Goldberg]] and [[John Legend]] have also won a Tony, Oscar and Emmy, their Awards were not all for acting.--> ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named her ane o the [[Time 100|100 maist influential fowk in the warld]] in 2012 an 2017.<ref name="Time Most Influential">{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2111975_2111976_2112127,00.html|title=The 100 Most Influential People In The World|date=April 18, 2012|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422063049/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0%2C28804%2C2111975_2111976_2112127%2C00.html|archivedate=April 22, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Time Viola Davis">{{cite news|url=http://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4736294/viola-davis/ |work=Time |title=The 100 Most Influential People In The World: Viola Davis |accessdate=April 21, 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420221754/http://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4736294/viola-davis/ |archivedate=April 20, 2017 }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Davis, Viola}} [[Category:1965 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Calhoun Coonty, Sooth Carolina]] [[Category:Actresses frae Sooth Carolina]] [[Category:Drama Desk Award winners]] [[Category:Juilliard School alumni]] [[Category:Rhode Island College alumni]] [[Category:Tony Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Cast in a Motion Pictur Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:20t-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Female Actor in a Leadin Role Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:African-American actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American stage actresses]] [[Category:Actresses frae Rhode Island]] [[Category:Fowk frae Central Falls, Rhode Island]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Female Actor in a Drama Series Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Lead Actress in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] t9xb7mas0aklvqfyfxi2bcuhex7kq06 0 135756 920955 877105 2026-08-17T18:29:19Z Lirazelf 27464 remuive en.wiki airtin 920955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Wayne Rooney | image = Zarya-MU (6).jpg | image_size = | caption = Rooney wi [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] in 2016 | fullname = Wayne Mark Rooney<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |title=Premier League clubs submit squad lists |work=Premier League |page=23 |format=PDF |date=2 February 2012 |accessdate=2 February 2012 |archive-date=2012-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227041058/http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|10|24|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Croxteth]], [[Liverpuil]], Ingland | height = {{convert|176|cm|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Wayne Rooney |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/Players-And-Staff/First-Team/Wayne-Rooney.aspx?section=Quote |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |accessdate=7 July 2011 }}</ref> | position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|Forrit]] | currentclub = [[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]] | clubnumber = 32 | youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = Copplehouse Boys | youthyears2 = 1996–2002 |youthclubs2 = [[Everton F.C. Reserves an Academy|Everton]] | years1 = 2002–2004 |clubs1 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |caps1 = 67 |goals1 = 15 | years2 = 2004–2017 |clubs2 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |caps2 = 393 |goals2 = 183 | years3 = 2017–2018 |clubs3 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |caps3 = 31 |goals3 = 10 | years4 = 2018–2019 |clubs4 = [[D.C. United]] |caps4 = 48 |goals4 = 23<!-- LEAGUE ONLY --> | years5 = 2020– |clubs5 = [[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]] |caps5 = 6 |goals5 = 1 | nationalyears1 = 2000–2001 |nationalteam1 = Ingland U15 |nationalcaps1 = 4 |nationalgoals1 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 2001–2002 |nationalteam2 = [[Ingland naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Ingland U17]] |nationalcaps2 = 12 |nationalgoals2 = 7 | nationalyears3 = 2002–2003 |nationalteam3 = [[Ingland naitional unner-19 fitbaw team|Ingland U19]] |nationalcaps3 = 1 |nationalgoals3 = 0 | nationalyears4 = 2003–2016 |nationalteam4 = [[Ingland naitional fitbaw team|Ingland]] |nationalcaps4 = 119 |nationalgoals4 = 53 | club-update = 15:11, 28 Juin 2018 (UTC) }} '''Wayne Mark Rooney''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|uː|n|i}}; born 24 October 1985) is an Inglis profeesional [[association fitbaw|fitbawer]]. He haes played hintle o his career as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|forrit]], but he haes been uised in sindry [[midfielder|midfield]] roles an aw. == References == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commons category|Wayne Rooney}} *{{Official website|http://www.officialwaynerooney.com}} *[http://www.manutd.com/en/Players-And-Staff/First-Team/Wayne-Rooney.aspx Wayne Rooney profile] ManUtd.com *{{soccerbase|id=30921|name=Wayne Rooney}} *{{FIFA player|196842|Wayne Rooney}} *{{UEFA player|63891}} {{s-start}} {{s-sports}} {{s-bef|before=[[Nemanja Vidić]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] captain|years=2014–present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-bef|before=[[Steven Gerrard]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Ingland naitional fitbaw team|Ingland]] captain|years=2014–present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} {{Derby County F.C. squad}} {{Navboxes |title=Ingland squads |bg=white |fg=#CE1124 |bordercolor=#0B0B3F |list1= {{England squad UEFA Euro 2004}} {{England squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{England squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{England squad UEFA Euro 2012}} {{England squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} {{England squad UEFA Euro 2016}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Awairds |bg=gold |fg=navy |list1= {{2005–06 FA Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{2009–10 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{2011–12 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{UEFA Euro 2004 Team of the Tournament}} {{Sir Matt Busby Player of the Year}} {{PFA Young Player of the Year}} {{PFA Fans' Player of the Year}} {{PFA Players' Player of the Year}} {{England Player of the Year}} {{Bravo award winners}} {{Golden Boy award winners}} {{FIFPro awards}} {{Alan Hardaker Trophy}} {{UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship awards}} {{FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball}} {{Goal of the Season}} }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rooney, Wayne}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:Ingland internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Ingland youth internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Inglis autobiografers]] [[Category:Inglis fitbawers]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Inglis Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Everton F.C. players]] [[Category:Manchester United F.C. players]] [[Category:D.C. United players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Liverpool]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2004 players]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2012 players]] [[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2016 players]] [[Category:FIFA Century Club]] [[Category:Designatit Players (MLS)]] [[Category:Inglis expatriate fitbawers]] [[Category:Expatriate association fitbawers in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Inglis expatriates in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Derby County F.C. players]] af1z0qu8odq473c3melvtpykpev2ksp 921017 920955 2026-08-17T23:10:19Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw biography | name = Wayne Rooney | image = Zarya-MU (6).jpg | image_size = | caption = Rooney wi [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] in 2016 | fullname = Wayne Mark Rooney<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |title=Premier League clubs submit squad lists |work=Premier League |page=23 |format=PDF |date=2 February 2012 |accessdate=2 February 2012 |archive-date=2012-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227041058/http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|10|24|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Croxteth]], [[Liverpuil]], Ingland | height = {{convert|176|cm|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Wayne Rooney |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/Players-And-Staff/First-Team/Wayne-Rooney.aspx?section=Quote |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |accessdate=7 July 2011 }}</ref> | position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|Forrit]] | currentclub = [[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]] | clubnumber = 32 | youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = Copplehouse Boys | youthyears2 = 1996–2002 |youthclubs2 = [[Everton F.C. Reserves an Academy|Everton]] | years1 = 2002–2004 |clubs1 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |caps1 = 67 |goals1 = 15 | years2 = 2004–2017 |clubs2 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |caps2 = 393 |goals2 = 183 | years3 = 2017–2018 |clubs3 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |caps3 = 31 |goals3 = 10 | years4 = 2018–2019 |clubs4 = [[D.C. United]] |caps4 = 48 |goals4 = 23<!-- LEAGUE ONLY --> | years5 = 2020– |clubs5 = [[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]] |caps5 = 6 |goals5 = 1 | nationalyears1 = 2000–2001 |nationalteam1 = Ingland U15 |nationalcaps1 = 4 |nationalgoals1 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 2001–2002 |nationalteam2 = [[Ingland naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Ingland U17]] |nationalcaps2 = 12 |nationalgoals2 = 7 | nationalyears3 = 2002–2003 |nationalteam3 = [[Ingland naitional unner-19 fitbaw team|Ingland U19]] |nationalcaps3 = 1 |nationalgoals3 = 0 | nationalyears4 = 2003–2016 |nationalteam4 = [[Ingland naitional fitbaw team|Ingland]] |nationalcaps4 = 119 |nationalgoals4 = 53 | club-update = 15:11, 28 Juin 2018 (UTC) }} '''Wayne Mark Rooney''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|uː|n|i}}; born 24 October 1985) is an Inglis profeesional [[association fitbaw|fitbawer]]. He haes played hintle o his career as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|forrit]], but he haes been uised in sindry [[midfielder|midfield]] roles an aw. == References == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commons category|Wayne Rooney}} *{{Official website|http://www.officialwaynerooney.com}} *[http://www.manutd.com/en/Players-And-Staff/First-Team/Wayne-Rooney.aspx Wayne Rooney profile] ManUtd.com *{{soccerbase|id=30921|name=Wayne Rooney}} *{{FIFA player|196842|Wayne Rooney}} *{{UEFA player|63891}} {{s-start}} {{s-sports}} {{s-bef|before=[[Nemanja Vidić]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] captain|years=2014–present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-bef|before=[[Steven Gerrard]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Ingland naitional fitbaw team|Ingland]] captain|years=2014–present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} {{Derby County F.C. squad}} {{Navboxes |title=Ingland squads |bg=white |fg=#CE1124 |bordercolor=#0B0B3F |list1= {{England squad UEFA Euro 2004}} {{England squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{England squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{England squad UEFA Euro 2012}} {{England squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} {{England squad UEFA Euro 2016}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Awairds |bg=gold |fg=navy |list1= {{2005–06 FA Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{2009–10 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{2011–12 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{UEFA Euro 2004 Team of the Tournament}} {{Sir Matt Busby Player of the Year}} {{PFA Young Player of the Year}} {{PFA Fans' Player of the Year}} {{PFA Players' Player of the Year}} {{England Player of the Year}} {{Bravo award winners}} {{Golden Boy award winners}} {{FIFPro awards}} {{Alan Hardaker Trophy}} {{UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship awards}} {{FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball}} {{Goal of the Season}} }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rooney, Wayne}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:Ingland internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Ingland youth internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Inglis autobiografers]] [[Category:Inglis fitbawers]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Inglis Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Everton F.C. players]] [[Category:Manchester United F.C. players]] [[Category:D.C. United players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Liverpool]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2004 players]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2012 players]] [[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2016 players]] [[Category:FIFA Century Club]] [[Category:Designatit Players (MLS)]] [[Category:Inglis expatriate fitbawers]] [[Category:Expatriate association fitbawers in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Inglis expatriates in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Derby County F.C. players]] k9urvl1uh0ix1fzltof79q6vqa5gw23 921018 921017 2026-08-17T23:10:50Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw biography | name = Wayne Rooney | image = Zarya-MU (6).jpg | caption = Rooney wi [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] in 2016 | fullname = Wayne Mark Rooney<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |title=Premier League clubs submit squad lists |work=Premier League |page=23 |format=PDF |date=2 February 2012 |accessdate=2 February 2012 |archive-date=2012-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227041058/http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|10|24|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Croxteth]], [[Liverpuil]], Ingland | height = {{convert|176|cm|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Wayne Rooney |url=http://www.manutd.com/en/Players-And-Staff/First-Team/Wayne-Rooney.aspx?section=Quote |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United |accessdate=7 July 2011 }}</ref> | position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|Forrit]] | currentclub = [[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]] | clubnumber = 32 | youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = Copplehouse Boys | youthyears2 = 1996–2002 |youthclubs2 = [[Everton F.C. Reserves an Academy|Everton]] | years1 = 2002–2004 |clubs1 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |caps1 = 67 |goals1 = 15 | years2 = 2004–2017 |clubs2 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |caps2 = 393 |goals2 = 183 | years3 = 2017–2018 |clubs3 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |caps3 = 31 |goals3 = 10 | years4 = 2018–2019 |clubs4 = [[D.C. United]] |caps4 = 48 |goals4 = 23<!-- LEAGUE ONLY --> | years5 = 2020– |clubs5 = [[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]] |caps5 = 6 |goals5 = 1 | nationalyears1 = 2000–2001 |nationalteam1 = Ingland U15 |nationalcaps1 = 4 |nationalgoals1 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 2001–2002 |nationalteam2 = [[Ingland naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Ingland U17]] |nationalcaps2 = 12 |nationalgoals2 = 7 | nationalyears3 = 2002–2003 |nationalteam3 = [[Ingland naitional unner-19 fitbaw team|Ingland U19]] |nationalcaps3 = 1 |nationalgoals3 = 0 | nationalyears4 = 2003–2016 |nationalteam4 = [[Ingland naitional fitbaw team|Ingland]] |nationalcaps4 = 119 |nationalgoals4 = 53 | club-update = 15:11, 28 Juin 2018 (UTC) }} '''Wayne Mark Rooney''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|uː|n|i}}; born 24 October 1985) is an Inglis profeesional [[association fitbaw|fitbawer]]. He haes played hintle o his career as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|forrit]], but he haes been uised in sindry [[midfielder|midfield]] roles an aw. == References == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commons category|Wayne Rooney}} *{{Official website|http://www.officialwaynerooney.com}} *[http://www.manutd.com/en/Players-And-Staff/First-Team/Wayne-Rooney.aspx Wayne Rooney profile] ManUtd.com *{{soccerbase|id=30921|name=Wayne Rooney}} *{{FIFA player|196842|Wayne Rooney}} *{{UEFA player|63891}} {{s-start}} {{s-sports}} {{s-bef|before=[[Nemanja Vidić]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] captain|years=2014–present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-bef|before=[[Steven Gerrard]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Ingland naitional fitbaw team|Ingland]] captain|years=2014–present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} {{Derby County F.C. squad}} {{Navboxes |title=Ingland squads |bg=white |fg=#CE1124 |bordercolor=#0B0B3F |list1= {{England squad UEFA Euro 2004}} {{England squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{England squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{England squad UEFA Euro 2012}} {{England squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} {{England squad UEFA Euro 2016}} }} {{Navboxes |title=Awairds |bg=gold |fg=navy |list1= {{2005–06 FA Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{2009–10 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{2011–12 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{UEFA Euro 2004 Team of the Tournament}} {{Sir Matt Busby Player of the Year}} {{PFA Young Player of the Year}} {{PFA Fans' Player of the Year}} {{PFA Players' Player of the Year}} {{England Player of the Year}} {{Bravo award winners}} {{Golden Boy award winners}} {{FIFPro awards}} {{Alan Hardaker Trophy}} {{UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship awards}} {{FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball}} {{Goal of the Season}} }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rooney, Wayne}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:Ingland internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Ingland youth internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Inglis autobiografers]] [[Category:Inglis fitbawers]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Inglis Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Everton F.C. players]] [[Category:Manchester United F.C. players]] [[Category:D.C. United players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Liverpool]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2004 players]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2012 players]] [[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2016 players]] [[Category:FIFA Century Club]] [[Category:Designatit Players (MLS)]] [[Category:Inglis expatriate fitbawers]] [[Category:Expatriate association fitbawers in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Inglis expatriates in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Derby County F.C. players]] jekexisa50fs8eblvc7xu76jpirtfob 0 137375 921067 920670 2026-08-18T08:40:16Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 921067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fix Scots}} {{Infobox UK place |official_name= Dumfries |country = Scotland |static_image_name=Dumfries looking east.jpg |static_image_caption= Dumfries leukin east |population= 33,280 |population_ref= <ref name=2012pop2a>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab2a.pdf |title="Mid-2012 Populations Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland, table 2a" National Records for Scotland. Access date = 27 October 2014 |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2019-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204064320/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab2a.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=2012pop3a>[http://gro-scotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab3a.pdf "Mid-2012 Populations Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland, table 3a" National Records for Scotland. Access date = 27 October 2014]{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |os_grid_reference= NX976762 |coordinates = {{coord|55.070|-3.603|display=inline,title}} |post_town= DUMFRIES |postcode_area= DG |postcode_district = DG1/2 |dial_code= 01387 |constituency_westminster=• [[Dumfries an Gallowa (UK Pairlament constituency)|Dumfries an Gallowa]]<br>([[Scots Conservatives|Con]] – [[Alister Jack]]) |gaelic_name= Dùn Phris<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gaelicplacenames.org/databasedetails.php?id=413 | title=Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland database | publisher=[[Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba]] | accessdate=17 October 2013 | archive-date=2016-08-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803142610/http://www.gaelicplacenames.org/databasedetails.php?id=413 | url-status=dead }}</ref> |unitary_scotland= [[Dumfries an Gallowa]] |lieutenancy_scotland= [[Dumfriesshire|Dumfries]] |constituency_scottish_parliament=• [[Dumfriesshire (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Dumfriesshire]]<br>([[Scots Conservatives|Con]] – [[Oliver Mundell]])<br>• [[Gallowa an Wast Dumfries (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Gallowa an Wast Dumfries]]<br>([[Scots Conservatives|Con]] – [[Finlay Carson]]) }} '''Dumfries''' ({{IPA-en|dʌmˈfɹiːs|-|Dumfries.ogg}} {{respell|dum|FREESS|'}}; aiblins frae the {{lang-gd|Dùn Phris}}) is a mercat toun an umwhile [[ryal burgh]] athin the [[Dumfries an Gallowa]] cooncil area o [[Scotland]]. It is locate near the mooth o [[River Nith]] intil the [[Solway Firth]]. Dumfries is the tradeetional [[coonty toun]] o the [[Scots coonties|historic coonty]] o [[Dumfriesshire]].<ref>[http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/thomson/555.html John Thomson's Atlas of Scotland, 1832] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506195010/https://maps.nls.uk/atlas/thomson/555.html |date=2024-05-06 }} from ''National Library of Scotland'' retrieved 3 June 2013</ref> Dumfries is gien the eik-name ''Queen o the Sooth''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=277 |title="Eva Mendes – the latest Queen of the South" 7th&nbsp;November&nbsp;2010 |publisher=Qosfc.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2015-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215171804/http://www.qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=277 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The eik-name is alsae the name o the toun's professional fitbaw team, [[Queen of the South F.C.]]. Fowk frae Dumfries are kent colloquially as ''Doonhamers''. ==Toponymy== There at least three theories on the etymology o the name. Ane is that the name ''Dumfries'' haes its foonds in the [[Scots Gaelic|Scottish Gaelic]] name ''Dùn Phris'', meanin "Fort o the Shaw".<ref>{{cite web |title=Parliament Scotland - Placenames - Gaelic - C-E |url=http://www.parliament.scot/Gaelic/placenamesC-E.pdf |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2020-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013215200/http://www.parliament.scot/Gaelic/placenamesC-E.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Anither ane is that it micht be sib wi Cumbric ''prēs,'' an element common in the Brythonic pairts sooth o the River Forth.<ref name="bliton">{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Alan |title=A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence |url=http://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary.pdf |website=SPNS - The Brittonic Language in the Old North |accessdate=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813011121/http://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An as sic, Dumfries micht be the same place as ''Penprys'', the whilk is the capital o an unco land in Medievial Welsh literature, the whilk is mintioned in the ''awdl,'' "''Lament for Gwallawg''" bi [[Taliesin]].<ref name="bliton" /> This mints that the first element ''dum'' micht hae been ''pen'', meanin "summit-heid" (Welsh ''pen''). Frae the wittins o a third theory, the name is a corruption o twa [[Auld Inglis leid|Auld Inglis]] or [[Auld Norse]] wirds that mean "the freer's brae"; thaim that fauvours this idaia threaps the foondin o a religious hoose near the heid o whit is noo kent as the Friar's Vennel.<ref name="autogeneratedhist" /> Gif the name wis taen frae English or Norse, housomever, the expeckit form wad hae the elements backside-foremaist. A Celtic ruit is therefore preferred. Mairatouer, the Brittonic element ''drum'',<ref name="bliton" /> meanin "rig", an the Gaelic elements ''druim''<ref name="bliton" /> (the whilk means the same), an ''dronn'',<ref name="bliton" /> "a hump", hae aw been proponed as an explanation o the first element.<ref name="bliton" /> There is baith ae ''Dùn'' an ae ''druim'' in the toun. ==History== ===Early history=== There is nae definite record anent the time an mainer o Dumfries's foondin.<ref name=autogeneratedhist>{{cite web|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/dumfries/history1.htm |title=History of the Burgh of Dumfries – Chapter I |publisher=Electricscotland.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> Some scrievers haud that Dumfries floorisht as a place o distinction durin the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] Occupeetion o North [[Great Breetain]]. The [[Selgovae]] bade in [[Nidsdale]] at the time and micht hae biggit some military warks o a defensive naitur on or near the site o Dumfries; an it is mair nor likely that a castle o some kynd formt the nucleus o the toun. This is inferred fae the etymology o the name, that, accordin tae ae theory, is resolvable intae twa Gaelic terms, signifyin a castle or fort in the shaw or scrogs. Dumfries wis ance athin the borders o the [[Kinrick o Northumbrie]]. The destrict aroond Dumfries wis for several centurys rule't ower an deemt o muckle importance bi the invadin Romans. Mony traces o Roman presence in Dumfriesshire is tae be fund yet; cuinyies, wappens, orrals o urns, military yirdwarks, an roads bein amang the relicts left ahint bi thair lenthent bidin in this pairt o Scotland. The Caledonian breed in the sooth o Scotland wis investit wi the same richts bi an edict o [[Antoninus Pius]]. The Romanised natives received freedom (the burraes, cairns, an orrals o stane temples tae be seen in the destrict yet tell o a time whan Druidism wis the prevailin releegion) as weel as civilisation fae thair conquerors. Late in the fowert century CE, the Romans bad fareweel til the kintra.<ref name=autogeneratedhist /> Accordin til anither theory, the name is a corruption o twa wirds that mean "The Freer's Hill"; thaim that fauvour this idea ledge that [[Saunt Ringan]], bi plantin a releegious hoose near the heid o whit is noo Friars Vennel, at the end o the fowert century, becam the the virtual foonder o the burgh; houiver Rangan, sae faur as is kenned, dinna oreeginate ony monastic estaiblishments onywhaur an wis semply a meesionar. In the list o Breetish touns gien bi auncient historian [[Nennius]], the name ''Caer Peris'', that some modren antiquarians suppose tae hae been transmutit, bi change o deealect, intae Dumfries.<ref name=autogeneratedhist /> Twal o [[King Arthur|King Arthur's]] battles wis recordit bi Nennius in his ''Historia Brittonum''. The Battle o Tribuit (the 10t battle) his been suggestit as havin been mebbe near Dumfries or near the mooth o the [[River Avon]] near [[Bo'ness]]. Efter the Roman depairtur the airt aroond Dumfries haed sindry forms o veesit bi [[Pechts]], [[Anglo-Saxons]], [[Scots fowk|Scots]], an [[Norsemen]] culminatin a decisive victory for [[Giric|Giric (Gregory), King o Scots]] at whit is noo [[Lochmaben]] ower the native [[Britons]] in 890.<ref name=autogeneratedhist /> ===Mediaeval speal=== Whan, in 1069, [[Malcolm III o Scotland|Malcolm Canmore]] an [[William the Conqueror]] haudit a conference regairdin the claims o [[Edgar the Ætheling]] til the English Croun, thay met at Abernithi - a term that in the auld Breetish lied means a port at the mooth o the [[River Nith]]. It his been argied, the toun sicweys chairacterized maun hae been Dumfries; an tharefore it maun hae existit as a port in the [[Kinrick o Strathclyde]], gin no in the Roman days. Houiver, again this arguement is that the toun is situatit aicht tae nine mile fae the sea,<ref name=autogeneratedhist /> awtho the River Nith is tidal an navigable aw the wey intil the toun itsel. [[File:Lincluden Collegiate Church.jpg|thumb|Lincluden Collegiate Kirk, kenned an aw as [[Lincluden Aibey]], c.1789]] Awtho at the time 1 mile upstream an on the conter baunk o the Nith fae Dumfries, [[Lincluden Aibey]] wis foondit circa 1160. The aibey ruins is on the site o the [[bailey]] o the verra early [[Lincluden Castle]], as is thae yins o the later [[Lincluden Tower]]. This releegious hoose wis uised for various purposes, until its abandonment aroond 1700. Lincluden Aibey an its grunds is noo within the Dumfries urban conurbation boond. [[William the Lion]] grantit the chairter tae raise Dumfries til the rank o a [[ryal burgh]] in 1186. Dumfries wis verra much on the mairch durin its first 50 year as a burgh an it growed verra swith as a mercat toun an port.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of the burgh of Dumfries: with notices of Nithsdale, Annandale, and the western border|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924028091357|first=William|last=M'Dowall|publisher=Adam and Charles Black|year=1867|page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924028091357/page/144 144]}}</ref> [[Alexander III o Scotland|Alexander III]] veesitit Dumfries in 1264 tae plan an expedeetion again the [[Isle o Man]], afore Scots bit for 180 year subjectit til the croun o [[Norawa]]. Identified wi the conquest o Man, Dumfries skare't in the weel-bein o Scotland for the next 22 year until Alexander's accidental deith brang an Augustan era in the toun's history til a snippen end.<ref name=autogeneratedhist /> A ryal castle, that no langer exists, wis built in the 13t century on the site o the praisent Castledykes Park. In the latter pairt o that century [[William Wallace]] chase't a fleein force soothwart throu the Nith dale. The English fugies met the yetts o [[Dumfries Castle]] that remained closed firm in thair presence. Wi a menyie o the toun's fowk jynin Wallace an his follaein pursuers whan thay arrived, the fleein English met thair end at Cockpool on the [[Solway Coast]]. Efter restin at [[Caerlaverock Castle]] a few mile awa fae the bluidlattin, Wallace again passt throu Dumfries on the day efter as he retourt north tae [[Sanchar]]. In the invasion o 1300, [[Edward I o Ingland|Edward I o England]] ludged a wheen o days in Juin wi the Minorite Freers o the Vennel, afore, at the heid o the than-mucklemaist invasion force tae attack Scotland, he asieged Caerlaverock Castle. Efter Caerlaverock yieldit hinderly, Edward passt throu Dumfries again as he crosst the Nith so as tae tak the invasion tae [[Gallowa]]. Wi the Scots nobility haein requeestit assistance fae the [[Haly See]] for thair cause, Edward on his retour tae Caerlaverock wis praisentit wi a missive directit tae him bi [[Pape Boniface VIII]]. Edward haudit coort in Dumfries that he greed grudgin til a parley. On 30 October, the parley soleecitit bi Boniface wis adheebitit bi Edward at Dumfries. Letters fae Edward, datit at Dumfris, wis sent tae his subordinates ootthrou Scotland, orderin thaim tae gie effect tae the treaty. The peace wis tae last until Whitsunday in the follaein year.<ref name=autogeneratedhist /> Afore becomin [[Scots monarchs|Keeng o Scots]], [[Robert the Bruce]] slaw his rival the [[John III Comyn, Laird o Badenoch|Red Comyn]] at [[Greyfriar's Kirk]] in the toun on 10 Februar 1306. His switherin aboot the fatality o his stobbin caused yin o his follaers, [[Roger de Kirkpatrick]], tae mooth the famous "A mak siccar" an feenish the Red Comyn aff. Bruce wis excommunicatit subsequent as an upshot, less for the murther nor its location. Regairdless, for the Bruce the dice wis casten at the maument in Greyfriars an sae begoud his campaign bi force for the independence o Scotland. Swuirds wis drawn bi supporters o baith sides, the buirial grund o the Monastery becomin the theatre o battle. Bruce an his pairty than attackit Dumfries Castle. The English gairison surrendert an for the third time in the day Bruce wis victorious. He wis crount King o Scotland scrimp seiven week efter. Bruce later triumpht at the [[Battle o Bannockburn]] an led Scotland tae independence. Aince Edward hid received wird o the revolution that hid startit in Dumfries, he again raised an airmy an invadit Scotland. Dumfries wis again subjectit til the control o Bruce's enemys. [[Christopher Seton|Sir Christopher Seton]] (Bruce's guid-brither) hid been capturt at [[Loch Doon]] an wis hurrit tae Dumfries tae be tried for traison in general an mair speceefic for bein praisent at the Red Comyn's killin. In 1306 an alang wi twa companions, Seton wis condammt an executit bi [[hangin]] an than [[heidin (decaptitation)]] at the site o whit is noo St Mary's Kirk. [[File:Burns Statue and Greyfriars, Dumfries.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Greyfriars Kirk an Burns Statue|alt=]] In 1659 ten weemen wis accuised o sindry acts o witchcraft bi Dumfries Kirk Session awtho the Kirk Session meenits itsel records anely nine witches. The Justiciary Coort fand thaim guilty o the several airticles o witchcraft an on 13 Apryle atween 2 pm an 4 pm thay wis takken til the Whitesands, strangelt at stakes, an thair bouks burnt til ess.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/dumfstory09.html |title=Dumfries Museum |publisher=Dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2020-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218025748/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/dumfstory09.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===18t century=== Contra the funtain in Dumfries High Street, adjacent til the praisent [[Marks & Spencer]], wis the Commercial an later the County Hotel. Awtho the latter wis demolisht in 1984-5, the oreeginal facade o the biggin wis reteenit an incorporatit intae new retail premises.[https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200362756-79-high-street-county-hotel-nith-ward] The biggin noo hooses a Waterstanes beukshap. Room No. 6 o the hottle wis kenned as [[Charles Edward Stuart|Bonnie Prince Charlie]]'s Room an wis cairpetit appropriate in the [[Ryal Stewart tartan]]. The timmer panellin o Prince Charlie's Room wis lairgely reinstatit an pentit complete wi the ile-pentit laundskips bi Robert Norie (1720-1766)[https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/artists/james-norie-senior] in the owermantels at baith ends o the room an can yet be seen up the stairs as a shawroom o the beukshap.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Norie Family|url=https://archive.org/details/noriefamily0000holl|last=Holloway|first=James|publisher=National Galleries of Scotland|year=1994|isbn=0903598442|location=Edinburgh|pages=[https://archive.org/details/noriefamily0000holl/page/27 27]}}</ref> The [[Charles Edward Stuart|Young Pertender]] hid his heidquarters here durin a 3-day stey in Dumfries taewart the end o 1745. £2,000 wis demandit bi the Prince, thegither wi 1,000 brogues for his kilted [[Jacobite risin o 1745|Jacobite]] rebel airmy, that wis campin in a field no 100 yaird awa. A clatter that the [[Duke o Cumberland]] wis approachin made Bonnie Prince Charlie decide tae leave wi his airmy, wi anely £1,000 an 255 pair o shuin haein been haundit ower.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/travel/burns1.htm |title=Walks in Burns Country – Town Centre |publisher=Electricscotland.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> [[Robert Burns]] flittit tae Dumfriesshire in 1788 an tae Dumfries itsel in 1791, bidin there until his deith on 21 Julie 1796. The day's [[Greyfriar's Kirk]] leuks ower the location o a Burns statue that wis designt bi [[Amelia Paton Hill]], sculptit in Carrara, Italy in 1892, an wis unveilt bi futur [[Prime meenister]], [[Archibald Primrose, 5t Yerl o Rosebery]] on 6 Apryle 1882.<ref name="burnsstatue">{{cite web|url=http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=12973 |title=Burns Statue, Dumfries with Tam O'Shanter and Souter Johnnie statues "on tour", c 1900 |publisher=National Burns Collection |accessdate=29 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115946/http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=12973 |archivedate=26 August 2014 }}</ref> The day it featurs on the 2007 series o £5 paper notes issue't bi the [[Bank of Scotland]], alangside wi the [[Brig o Doon]].<ref name="scotbanks">{{cite web|url=http://www.scotbanks.org.uk/banknotes_current_bank_of_scotland.php|title=Current Banknotes: Bank of Scotland|publisher=The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers|accessdate=17 October 2008}}</ref> Efter wirkin wi [[Patrick Miller o Dalswinton|Patrick Miller o Dalswintoun]], inventor [[William Symington]] ettle't tae cairy a trial oot sae as tae shaw that an ingine wad wirk on a boat withoot the boat catchin fire. The trial teuk place hinderly on Dalswintoun Loch near Dumfries on 14 October 1788. The experiment demonstratit that a steam ingine wad wirk on a boat. Symington gaed on tae become the builder o the first practical steamboat. ===20t century an ayont=== [[File:New bridge 4.jpg|thumb|Buccleuch Street Brig, Dumfries]] The first ineetial hint that [[RAF Dumfries]] wis tae be built wis made in late 1938. The site chosen hid accomodatit licht aircraft syne aboot 1914. Wark oncam quickly, an on 17 Juin 1940, the [[18 Maintenance Unit]] wis appent at Dumfries. The role o the steid durin the war encompasst trainin an aw. RAF Dumfries hid a maument o danger on 25 Mairch 1943, whan a German [[Dornier Do 217]] aircraft shot the airfield baikon up, bit rattelt shortlins efterwart. The pilot, Oberleutnant Martin Piscke wis later buiried in [[Troqueer]] Cemetery in Dumfries toun, wi fu military honours. On the nicht o 3-4 August 1943 a [[Vickers Wellington]] bomber wi ingine problems divertit tae Dumfries bit rattelt 1.5 mile short of the runwey.<ref name="Dumfriesaviationmuseum.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriesaviationmuseum.com/ |title=Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Museum |publisher=Dumfriesaviationmuseum.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2020-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101000522/http://www.dumfriesaviationmuseum.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In [[Warld War II]] the feck o the [[Norse Airmy]] durin thair years o exile in Breetain conseestit o a brigade o in Dumfries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dumfries remembers role as home to Norwegian army |author=Giancarlo Rinaldi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-11685262 |newspaper on 16 =[[BBC Scotland]] |date=4 November 2010 |accessdate=28 April 2013}}</ref> When the army High Command teuk ower, the war 70 officers and aboot 760 preevats in the camp. The camp wis estaiblisht in Juin 1940 an name't ''Norwegian Reception Camp'', conseestin o some 500 men an weemen, mainly Norse that hid volunteert for war duty in Norawa durin the [[Nazi occupeetion]] in early 1940. Throu the simmer the nummer wis accresst tae aroond 1,500 unner the commaund o General [[Carl Gustav Fleischer]]. Within a wheen o miles o Dumfries is the veelages o [[Tynwald, Dumfries an Gallowa|Tynwald]], [[Torthorwald]], an [[Moosal]], that aw wis sattle't bi [[Vikings]]. Dumfries his experience't twa Boxin Day [[yirdquauks]]. This anes wis in 1979 (measurin 4.7 {{mag|l}} centred near [[Langtoon]])<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://sjg.lyellcollection.org/content/38/2/113|title=The felt effects of the Carlisle earthquake of 26 December 1979|first1=R. M. W.|last1=Musson|first2=P. H. O.|last2=Henni|date=1 December 2002|publisher=|journal=Scottish Journal of Geology|volume=38|issue=2|pages=113–125|via=sjg.lyellcollection.org|doi=10.1144/sjg38020113}}</ref> an in 2006 (centred in the Dumfries destrict measuring 3.6 {{mag|l}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/macroseismics/dumfries_2006_macro.htm |title=Dumfries Earthquake 26 December 2006 |work=British Geological Survey |url-status=dead |accessdate=30 January 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309214103/http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/macroseismics/dumfries_2006_macro.htm |archivedate=9 March 2011 }}</ref> Thare wisna ony sairious consequences in baith yins. The war an aw a yirdquauk on 16 Februar 1984<ref>Redmayne D. W., 1984. £The Dumfries earthquake of 16 February 1984£. ''BGS; Global Seismology Report'' No. 241</ref> an anither yirdquauk on 7 Juin 2010.<ref>[http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/recent_events/20100607173319.3.html]{{dead link|date=August 2011}}</ref> ==Demographics== The National Records for Scotland mid 2012 upcastit population o Dumfries wis reportit as 33,280.<ref name=2012pop2a>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab2a.pdf |title="Mid-2012 Populations Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland, table 2a" National Records for Scotland. Access date = 27 October 2014 |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2019-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204064320/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab2a.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=2012pop3a>[http://gro-scotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/special-area/mid-2012-settlements/2012-pop-est-sett-local-main-tab3a.pdf "Mid-2012 Populations Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland, table 3a" National Records for Scotland. Access date = 27 October 2014]</ref> ==Namely fowk== {{For|a list o aw folk fae Dumfries wi a Wikipedia airticle|Category:Fowk frae Dumfries}} [[File:Robert Burns House, Dumfries.jpg|left|thumb|Robert Burns Hoose in Dumfries]] [[File:Plaque of Notable Students at Dumfries Academy.jpg|thumb|upright|Plaque o namely fowk fae Dumfries Academy]] A nummer o weel-kenned fowk wis eddicatit at [[Dumfries Academy]], amang thaim [[Henry Duncan (meenister)|Henry Duncan]], meenister and foonder o the warld's first commercial saufins baunk; Sir [[James Anderson]], that caiptaint the [[SS Great Eastern]] on the [[trans-Atlantic cable]] layin vaiges in 1865 an 1866; [[J. M. Barrie]], scriever o [[Peter Pan]]; [[John Law Hume]], muisicker in the orchestra on the [[RMS Titanic]]; [[Jane Haining]], missionar for the Kirk o Scotland in Hungary; [[Alexander Knox Helm]], diplomat; [[John Laurie]], actor (Private Fraser in ''[[Dad's Army]]''); [[Christian Jane Fergusson]], airtist; Sir [[Robin Philipson]], airtist; [[John Hanson (sanger)|John Hanson]], sangster; [[Alex Graham (cairtoonist)|Alex Graham]], cairtoonist best kenned for the [[Fred Basset]] series; an [[Jock Wishart]], that in 1998 set a new warld record for circumnavigatin the globe in a pouert veshel. [[Roger White (executive)|Roger White]], CEO of saft-drinks group [[A.G. Barr]], is a local lad that gaed tae the Dumfries Academy. Follaein [[William A. F. Browne]]'s 1838 appyntment as superintendant o the Crichton Hospital, his son, [[James Crichton-Browne]], psychiatrist, neurologist, an medical psychologist, wis eddicatit at the Academy. [[William Charles Wells]], predecessor tae [[Charles Darwin]] on the theory o [[Naitural selection]] wis anither yin that wis eddicatit in Dumfries. Geologist [[Robert Harkness]] wis eddicatit in Dumfries an bade consequent in the toun. Sir [[Frank Williams (Formula One)|Frank Williams]] o F1 motor-racin fame wis eddicatit at [[St Joseph's College, Dumfries]] as wis [[Charles Forte, Baron Forte]], foonder o the leisur an hottles conglomerate Forte Group. St Joseph's wis foondit bi [[Brither Wilfrid]], the foonder o [[Celtic F.C.]]. International chairt-tappin record producer [[Calvin Harris]] is fae Dumfries. Dumfries wis the hametoun of Harris until he left in 2008. [[Ray Wilson (musicker)|Ray Wilson]], lead sangster o [[Stiltskin]] an later [[Genesis (baund)|Genesis]] wis born in Dumfries as wis the musickers [[Geoffrey Kelly]], [[Ian Carr]], an [[Emma's Imagination]] sangster [[Emma Gillespie]] is fae Dumfries. Opera sangster [[Nicky Spence]] wis born in Dumfries as wis [[Britain's Got Talent]] sangster [[Andrew Johnston (singer)|Andrew Johnston]]. [[Nigel Sinclair CBE]] is a [[Hollywood]] pictur producer. [[Michael Carter (actor)|Michael Carter]]'s actin career his seen him appear in a variety o productions rangin fae ''[[Return o the Jedi]]'' tae ''[[Rebus (TV series)|Rebus]]''. Dumfries his produce't a steidy rin o professional [[fitbaw]]ers an manager. The best-kenned fitbawers o thair era tae come fae Dumfries is aiblins [[Dave Halliday]],<ref name=qosleg>{{cite web|url=http://www.qosfc.com/Legends |title="Queens legends" on the official Queen of the South FC website |publisher=Qosfc.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> [[Ian Dickson (fitbawer)|Ian Dickson]],<ref name=qosleg/> [[Bobby Ancell]], [[Billy Houliston]],<ref name=qosleg/> [[Jimmy McIntosh]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=616|title=QosFC: Jimmy McIntosh|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2015-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407092446/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=616|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Willie McNaught]], an [[Ted McMinn]].<ref name=qosleg/> Halliday, Dickson, Houliston, an McMinn played for the hame toun club [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen o the Sooth FC]] durin thair careers. [[Dominic Matteo]]<ref name = "matteo">{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=1135|title=QosFC: Dominic Matteo autobiography review|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2015-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407145352/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=1135|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=autogeneratedbarry>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=615|title=QosFC: Barry Nicholson|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2015-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629140210/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=615|url-status=dead}}</ref> wis born in Dumfries bit flittit tae England whan he wis a young boy.<ref name=autogeneratedbarry /> [[Barry Nicholson]] lost 4-3 tae Queens playin for [[Aberdeen F.C.]] in the 2008 [[Scots Cup]] semi-feenals in maugre o scorin<ref name=qoshist>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/History |title=Queen of the South club history |publisher=Qosfc.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> again the team he supportit as a boy. Ancell, Houliston, McNaught, an Nicholson hae representit England at unner-21 level and wis jyned bi havin duin sae in saison 2010-11 bi [[Cammy Bell]] an [[Grant Hanley]]. Matteo gaint 6 fu kaips for Scotland<ref name=autogeneratedbarry /> efter haein representit England at unner-21 level. Halliday wis owerleukit bi Scotland in fauvour o [[Hughie Gallacher]].<ref name=qosleg/> Gallacher played for The Queens bit wisna fae Dumfries. It wis as a manager raither nor a player that [[Thomas Mitchell (football manager)|Thomas Mitchell]] made his name as a multiple [[FA Cup]] winner at [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/Legends |title=Connections between Dumfries and Blackburn Rovers in the Queen of the South profile on Jackie Oakes |publisher=Qosfc.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> afore jynin Woolwich Arsenal as [[Arsenal F.C.]] wis than name't. Dumfries is an aw the hametoun o three-times [[24 Oors o Le Mans]] winner [[Allan McNish]]<ref name = "mcnish">{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=638|title=QosFC: Allan McNish (part 2)|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2014-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021105352/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=638|url-status=dead}}</ref> as it wis tae [[David Leslie (racing driver)|David Leslie]].<ref name = "mcnish" /><ref name = "mcnish" /> Scotland [[rugby union]] internationalists [[Duncan Hodge]], [[Nick De Luca]], [[Craig Hamilton]], an [[Alex Dunbar]] wis born in Dumfries as wis perfaisonal gowfers [[Andrew Coltart]]<ref name=autogeneratedcoltart>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=649|title=QosFC: Andrew Coltart|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2015-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629133946/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=649|url-status=dead}}</ref> an [[Robert Dinwiddie (golfer)|Robert Dinwiddie]]. [[Curlin]] warld kemps [[David Murdoch]], [[Euan Byers]], an [[Craig Wilson (curler)|Craig Wilson]] wis aw born in Dumfries. Umwhile [[Dairts]] kemp [[Rab Smith]] is anither ''Doonhamer''. [[BBC]] braidcaster [[Kirsty Wark]] wis born in the toun as wis fallae braidcaster [[Stephen Jardine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=634|title=QosFC: Stephen Jardine|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2015-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629155509/http://qosfc.com/new_newsview.aspx?newsid=634|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Neil Oliver]] (archaeologist, historian, scriever, an braidcaster growed up in [[Ayr]] an Dumfries. Scriever an earth scientist [[Dougal Dixon]] is fae Dumfries. [[Hunter Davies]] (scriever, jurnalist, an braidcaster) bade in Dumfries for 4 year as a boy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/Legends |title=Hunter Davies memories of Dumfries in the profile on Billy Houliston |publisher=Qosfc.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> [[James Hannay (scriever)|James Hannay]], asides bein a scriever an jurnalist spent the last 5 year o his life as the Breetish consul in [[Barcelona]]. [[John Mayne (makar)|John Mayne]] wis born in Dumfries in 1759 an contreebutit in the field o poetry. [[Warld War I]] makar [[William Hamilton (Breetish Airmy officer)|William Hamilton]] wis anither wan born in Dumfries. [[Archibald Gracie]], shippin magnate an business tycoon in the USA, wis fae Dumfries. [[John McFarlane (Breetish businessman)|John McFarlane]], CEO of Australie an New Zealand Banking Group Limited ([[ANZ]])) oreeginates fae the toun, as dis [[William (Bill) Nelson (ADFP)]] that wis an aw wi ANZ (umwhile [[AXA]], [[AMP Limited]], and [[Westpac]]) an an aw faither o [[Alice Nelson]], noo CEO of Centurion Wealth Advisors. The airchitect [[George Corson]] that wirked mainly in [[Leeds]], England, wis born in Dumfries and article't tae [[Walter Newall]] in the toun. Politeecian [[David Mundell]] wis born in Dumfries as wis [[William Dickson (Upper Canada)|William Dickson]], [[William Pattison Telford Sr.]], an [[Ambrose Blacklock]], aw that made thair merk poleetical in [[Canadae]]. Malcolm H. Wright, faither o [[Sophie B. Wright]] - New Orleans eddicator an pioneer for weemen's and childer's richts. Suffragette an feminist campaigner [[Dora Marsden]] spent the last 25 year o her life being care't for in Dumfries efter her psychological foonder. [[Ian Gibson (politician)|Dr. Ian Gibson]] is anither tae leave his merk on politeecs. [[James Edward Tait]] wis a Dumfries-born recipient o the [[Victoria Cross]]. [[William Robertson (VC)|William Robertson]] an [[Edward Spence (VC)|Edward Spence]] are ither Victoria Cross recipients. [[Robert Jenkinson, 2nt Yerl o Liverpuil]], UK Prime meenister fae 1812 tae 1827, wis quartert in Dumfries in 1796 durin his military service. [[David Haggart]] wis a Scots thief an rogue that in 1820 in his escape fae Dumfries Gaol (the site is noo occupeed bi Thomson's the Jewellers) kilt a preeson officer. He wis hangit in Edinburgh in 1821. His deectatit memoir publisht as a chapbeuk<ref>{{Cite web|title=Life of David Haggart who was executed at Edinburgh, 18th July, 1821 for the murder of the Dumfries jailor|url=https://digital.nls.uk/chapbooks-printed-in-scotland/archive/104184943|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-08-09|website=digital.nls.uk|language=en|archive-date=2024-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126181512/https://digital.nls.uk/chapbooks-printed-in-scotland/archive/104184943}}</ref> becam the subject o the pictur ''Sinful Davey'' starnin [[John Hurt]]. A plaque on the waw on the site o the King's Airms Hottle, noo Boots the Chemist's, records the presence there in 1829 o William Burke o the notour [[Burke an Hare murthers]]. He wis traivelin tae Ireland efter the trial; his veesit caused a near royet.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Broadside entitled 'Riot at Dumfries! Hares Arrival'|url=https://digital.nls.uk/broadsides/view/?id=15239|access-date=2026-08-09|website=digital.nls.uk|language=en|archive-date=2023-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124231120/https://digital.nls.uk/broadsides/view/?id=15239|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[John Richardson (naituralist)|John Richardson]], [[naituralist]], explorer, an naval surgeon wis born in Dumfries as wis [[John Craig (mathematician)|John Craig]], [[mathematician]], an [[James Crichton]], [[polymath]]. [[Benjamin Bell]] efter bein born in Dumfries gaed on tae become considert the first Scots scienteefic surgeon. His ieroe wis [[Joseph Bell]] that [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] his creeditit [[Sherlock Holmes]] as bein lowse sted on fae Bell's obversant mainer. Doyle's faither, airtist [[Charles Altamont Doyle]] deed in the [[The Crichton Ryal Institution]] an is buirit in the High Cemetery in Dumfries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Charles Altamont Doyle - The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia|url=https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/wiki/Charles_Altamont_Doyle?title=Charles_Altamont_Doyle|access-date=2026-08-09|website=www.arthur-conan-doyle.com}}</ref> [[Thomas Peter Anderson Stuart]] left Dumfries tae gang on an foond the [[University of Sydney Medical School]]. [[John Allan Broun]]'s contreebution tae science wis his diskiverys aroond magnetism an meteorology. [[James Braid (surgeon)|James Braid]], surgeon an pioneer o [[hypnosis|hypnotism]] an [[hypnotherapy]], practice't in Dumfries fae 1825 tae 1828 in pairtnery wi William Maxwell. [[Ian Callum]] is kenspeckle't in the warld o motor ingineerin. A [[Kirk o Scotland]] meenister the Rev. John Ewart o [[Troqueer]] in [[Kirkcoubrieshire]] produce't eleiven childers that some hae made a namely merk. [[Peter Ewart]] wis an ingineer that wis influential in developin the technologys o [[turbines]] an theories o thermodynamics. His brither [[Joseph Ewart]] becam the Breetish ambassador tae [[Proushie]]. [[John Ewart]], a doctor, becam Chief Inspector o [[East Indie Company]] infirmarys in [[Indie]]. [[William Ewart]], faither of [[William Ewart (Breetish politeecian)|William Ewart]], politeecian, wis a business pairtner o Sir John Gladstones, faither o fower-times Prime meenister [[William Ewart Gladstone]]. Gladstone junior wis name't efter Ewart, his godfather. ==Climate== As wi the lave o the [[Breetish Isles]], Dumfries experiences a [[Oceanic climate|maritime climate]], wi cuil simmers an myld winters. It is yin o the no sae snawy locations in Scotland acause o its sheltert law-liein poseetion in the soothwast o the kintra. Fae 2 Julie 1908 the toun haudit the record for the heichest temperatur readin in Scotland, 32.8&nbsp;°C (91.0&nbsp;°F) until bein surpasst in [[Greycrook]], Borders, on 9 August 2003.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[UKMO]] |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/ws/print.html |title=1908 temperature |accessdate=30 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103082750/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/ws/print.html |archivedate=3 November 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> {{Weather box |location = Dumfries 49m asl, 1961–1990, extremes 1951–1980 |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 14.3 |Feb record high C = 13.3 |Mar record high C = 17.8 |Apr record high C = 19.3 |May record high C = 25.2 |Jun record high C = 28.3 |Jul record high C = 32.8 |Aug record high C = 28.6 |Sep record high C = 25.6 |Oct record high C = 22.8 |Nov record high C = 15.6 |Dec record high C = 13.9 |year record high C = 32.8 |Jan high C = 6.0 |Feb high C = 6.2 |Mar high C = 8.3 |Apr high C = 11.1 |May high C = 14.3 |Jun high C = 17.2 |Jul high C = 18.5 |Aug high C = 18.2 |Sep high C = 15.7 |Oct high C = 12.9 |Nov high C = 8.6 |Dec high C = 6.8 |year high C = 11.9 |Jan low C = 0.7 |Feb low C = 0.6 |Mar low C = 1.8 |Apr low C = 3.3 |May low C = 5.8 |Jun low C = 8.8 |Jul low C = 10.5 |Aug low C = 10.4 |Sep low C = 8.6 |Oct low C = 6.3 |Nov low C = 2.6 |Dec low C = 1.3 |year low C = 5.0 |Jan record low C = −13.9 |Feb record low C = −11.1 |Mar record low C = −12.2 |Apr record low C = −3.9 |May record low C = −2.2 |Jun record low C = 0.6 |Jul record low C = 2.8 |Aug record low C = 2.2 |Sep record low C = -1.1 |Oct record low C = -3.9 |Nov record low C = −9.0 |Dec record low C = −10.6 |year record low C = −13.9 |Jan precipitation mm = 110 |Feb precipitation mm = 76 |Mar precipitation mm = 81 |Apr precipitation mm = 53 |May precipitation mm = 72 |Jun precipitation mm = 63 |Jul precipitation mm = 71 |Aug precipitation mm = 93 |Sep precipitation mm = 104 |Oct precipitation mm = 117 |Nov precipitation mm = 100 |Dec precipitation mm = 107 |year precipitation mm = 1047 |Jan sun = 44.7 |Feb sun = 68.7 |Mar sun = 98.4 |Apr sun = 145.0 |May sun = 180.1 |Jun sun = 176.7 |Jul sun = 162.2 |Aug sun = 156.7 |Sep sun = 110.8 |Oct sun = 89.8 |Nov sun = 61.5 |Dec sun = 37.9 |year sun = 1333.5 |source 1 = [[Met Office]]<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/sites/10.html | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20010210225728/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/sites/10.html | archivedate =10 February 2001 | title = Dumfries 1961-90 averages | accessdate = 5 November 2011 | publisher = [[Met Office]]}}</ref> |source 2 = [[ScotClim]]<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.weather.org.uk/climate/scotclim.html | title = Dumfries 1951-1980 extremes | accessdate = 5 November 2011 | publisher = [[ScotClim]]}}</ref> |date=November 2011 }} ==Geography== [[File:auld brig dumfries.jpg|thumb|Devorgilla Brig wi Auld Brig Hoose Museum at the end o the furthest span fae the camera]] [[File:Dumfries Suspension Bridge.jpg|thumb|Whitesands suspension footbridge ower the Nith]] [[File:Fountain and midsteeple.jpg|thumb|upright|The funtain an midsteeple on Dumfries High St]] [[File:1990dumfrieswhitesands.jpg|thumb|Whitesands, fae Buccleuch Street]] [[File:River Nith.jpg|thumb|River Nith]] Like the lave o [[Dumfries an Gallowa]], o Scotland's three major geographical areas Dumfries is locatit in the [[Soothren Uplands]]. The [[River Nith]] flowes throu Dumfries taewart the [[Solway Firth]] in a soothwart direction cleavin the toun intae East an Wast. At law tide, the sea recedes tae sic an extent on the shallae slopin sands o the Solway that the lenth o the Nith is stendit bi 8 mile to 70.7 mile at the maist. This maks the Nith Scotland's seivent langest river. The're several brigs crossin the river within the toun. Atween the [[Dervorguilla o Gallowa|Dervorguilla]] Brig (kenned as "The Auld Brig" an aw) an the suspension brig is a [[weir]] kenned colloquial as "The Caul". In wetter months o the year the Nith can fluid the surroondin streets. Dumfries his a thrang o suburbs includin [[Summerhill, Dumfries|Summerhill]], Summerville, [[Troqueer]], Georgetown, Cresswell, Larchfield, Calside, Lochside, Lincluden, [[Newbridge Drive, Dumfries|Newbridge Drive]], Sandside, Heathhall, [[Locharbriggs]], Noblehill, an Marchmount. [[Maxwelltoun]] tae the wast o the River Nith wis ae-time a burgh in its ain richt within the [[Kirkcoubrieshire|Stewarty o Kirkcoubrie]] until its incorporation intae Dumfries in 1938; Summerhill, [[Troqueer]], Lochside, Lincluden, and Sandside is amang ither suburbs locatit on the Maxwelltoun side o the river. [[Palmerston Park]], hame til the toun's senior fitbaw team [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen o the Sooth F.C.]], is on Terregles Street, on the Maxwelltoun side o the river an aw. Queensberry Square an High Street is the central focal pynts o the toun an the area hosts mony o the historical, social, an commercial enterpreeses an events o Dumfries. Durin the 1990s, thir areas enjeyed various aesthetic acknawledgements fae organizations includin [[Britain in Bloom]]. ==Governance== Scots communitys grantit [[Ryal Burgh]] status bi the monarch gairdit jealous the honour an wi fushion. Ridin the Mairches maintains the tradeetion o an occasion that wis, in its day, o muckle importance. Dumfries his been a Ryal Burg syne 1186, its chairter bein grantit bi [[William the Lion|Keeng William the Lion]] in a muive that enshuirt the lealty o its ceetizens til the Monarch. Awtho faur fae the centre o pouer in Scotland, Dumfries hid obvious strategic significance sittin as it dis on the edge o [[Gallowa]] an bein the centre o control for the soothwast o Scotland. Wi the [[River Nith]] on twa sides an the Lochar Moss on anither, Dumfries wis a toun wi guid naitural defences. Consequently, it wis niver completely wawed. A carefu ee yet hit tae be keept on the clear define't boonds o the burgh, a task that hid tae be unnertakkin ilk year bi the [[Mayor|Provost]], [[bailies]], [[burgesses]], an ithers within the toun. Neebourin lairds micht try tae encroach on the toun boonds, or the Mairches as thay wis kenned, muivin thaim back 100 yaird or sae tae thair ain benefit. It hid tae be made clear tae onybody thinkin o or tryin tae encroach that they daurna dae sae. In retour for the Ryal status o the toun an the fauvour o the King, the provost an the cooncil, alang wi ither wirthy fowk hid tae be diligent in enshuirin the boonds wis strictly observed. Awtho steepit in history, Scotland's burghs remeent the fundament o the kintra's seestem o local government for centurys. Burgh status conferred on its ceetizens the richt tae elect thair ain toun cooncils, rin thair ain affairs, an raise thair ain local taxs or rates. In 1974 the burghs becam pairt o lairger destricts an regions. Thae boonds lost the significance thay wis grantit bi Ryal statute. Auncient titles like provost an bailie wis shauchelt aff or reteent anely for ceremonial purposes. Robes an cheens aften fand thair wey intae museums as a myndin o the past. Dumfries remeens a centre o government for a much muckler area nor juist the toun itsel. Bit its fowk, the Doonhamers yet reteen a pride in thair toun an distinctive identity. This is niver mair sae nor durin the week-lang Guid Nychburris Festival an its heichlicht the Ridin o the Mairches tat taks place on the third Seturday in Juin ilk year. ===Politics=== Dumfries is locatit in the [[Subdiveesions o Scotland|cooncil area]] o [[Dumfries an Gallowa]]. It is the seat o the local cooncil, whase heidquarters is locatit on the edge o the toun centre. Until 1995 Dumfries wis an aw hame til the cooncil for the local destrict o [[Nithsdale]]. Dumfries lens its name an aw til the [[Lieutenancy areas o Scotland|lieutenancy area]] o Dumfries, that is seemilar in boonds til the forgane [[Dumfriesshire]] coonty. Dumfries is situatit in the [[Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick|UK Pairlament]] constituency of [[Dumfries an Gallowa (UK Pairlament constituency)|Dumfries an Gallowa]] that is representit bi [[Alister Jack]] o the [[Scots Conservative Pairty]] For [[Scots Pairlament]] elections, Dumfries is in the [[Sooth Scotland]] electoral area an cleaved atween twa constituencys. The wastlin wairds o Abbey and North Wast Dumfries is in the constituency o [[Gallowa an Wast Dumfries (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Gallowa and Wast Dumfries]], and the eastlin wairds o Nith an Lochar is in the constituency o [[Dumfriesshire (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Dumfriesshire]]. The respecive MSPs is [[Finlay Carson]] an [[Oliver Mundell]], baith o the [[Scots Conservative Pairty]]. On the Dumfries an Gallowa cooncal, Dumfries is kivert bi fower 4-seat wairds: Abbey, Lochar, Nith, and North Wast Dumfries. North Wast Dumfries is the anely waird that alanerly kivers areas within the toun itsel, wi the tithers incorporating ootwith areas. In the 2017 cooncil election, thir wairds electit 6 [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour]], 5 [[Scots Conservative Pairty|Conservative]], and 4 [[Scots Naitional Pairty|SNP]] cooncillors. ==Economy== Dumfries his a lang history as a [[coonty toun]], an as the [[mercat toun]] o a surroondin rural hinterland. Dumfries is a relatively weel-aff community bit the toun centre his been exposed til the centrifugal forces that hae seen retail, business, eddicational, residential, an ither uisses gravitate taewart the toun's urban freenge.<ref>[http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/Dumgal/Documents.aspx?id=12338 DGC -Document: Dumfries Town Centre Urban Design Strategy – Part 1] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215015236/http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/Dumgal/Documents.aspx?id=12338 |date=15 February 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dumfries & Galloway Council|date=2006-02-20|title=Document: Dumfries Town Centre Urban Design Strategy - Part 1|url=http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/Dumgal/Documents.aspx?id=12338|access-date=2026-08-09|website=www.dumgal.gov.uk|language=en}}</ref> This wis startit in the 1980s wi the biggin o the Dumfries bypass. The immediate effect o this wis as ettle't the diversion o transitin traffeck awa fae the toun centre. This brocht wi it an accompanyin reduction in economic inpit til the toun centre. The seicont effect o this his been mair pronoonce't. Sites near til the bypass hae attractit development tae utilize the bypass as a heich-speed urban hiewey withoot the bottlenecks o the toun centre and withoot the constreenin leemitit toun centre pairkin. Ina bid tae re-brisken up development in Dumfries toun centere, baith economically an in a social context, several strategys hae been propone't bi the controllin authoritys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriesregeneration.co.uk |title=MiniWeb: Regeneration & Europe – Dumfries Town Centre |publisher=Dumfriesregeneration.co.uk |date=15 August 2011 |accessdate=24 August 2011 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Cultur== Dumfries got its eik-name ''Queen o the Sooth'' fae David Dunbar, a local makar,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telinco.co.uk/RobertTemple/Hrkiv6.htm#t1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031105133946/http://www.telinco.co.uk/RobertTemple/Hrkiv6.htm#t1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 November 2003 |title=Robert Temple Bibliographical Archive |publisher=Telinco.co.uk |date=2 March 2008 |accessdate=24 August 2011 }}</ref> that in 1857 stuid in the general election. In yin o his addresses he cried Dumfries "Queen o the Sooth" and this becam synonymous wi the toun.<ref name=qoshist/><ref>{{cite web|last=Ritchie |first=Robert |url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/features/Best-town-nickname.5509952.jp |title="Best town nickname" The Scotsman 1st&nbsp;August&nbsp;2009 |publisher=Thescotsman.scotsman.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> The term ''doonhamer'' comes fae the wey that natives of Dumfries ower the years hae referred til the aera whan wirking away fae hame. The toun is aften reffered tae as "doon hame" (down home) in the [[Scots leid]]. The term ''doonhamer'' follaed, tae descrive thaim that origeenate fae Dumfries.<ref name=qoshist/> The Doonhamers is an aw the eik-name o [[Queen of the South F.C.]] that represent Dumfries an the surroondin area in the [[Scottish Football League]].<ref name=qoshist/> The creest conteens the wirds "A Lore Burne". In the history o Dumfries near to the toun wis the quaw that the Loreburn ran throu whase name becam the rallyin cry o the toun in times o attack - "A Lore Burne" meanin "til the lairie burn".<ref name=qoshist/><ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/frames.html |title=Dumfries and Galloway Museums and Galleries on-line |publisher=Dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2020-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711222022/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/frames.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2017 Dumfries wis rankit the happiest place in Scotland bi [[Rightmove]].<ref name=happy>[http://www.itv.com/news/border/2017-10-11/dumfries-ranked-the-happiest-place-to-live-in-scotland/ "Dumfries ranked the happiest place to live in Scotland" www.itv.com 11 October 2017]</ref> ===Museums=== [[File:Camera Obscura, Dumfries.JPG|thumb|upright|left|[[Dumfries Museum]] an camera obscura]] Locatit on tap o a wee hill, [[Dumfries Museum]] is centre't on the 18t-century windmill that staunds abuin the toun. Includit is fossil fit-dunts left bi prehistoric reptiles, the wildlife of the Solway mosses, tuils an wappens o the earliest fowk o the region, an stane cairvins o Scotland's first Christians. On the tap fluir o the museum is a [[camera obscura]].<ref name=autogenerated3 /> sted in the control tour near Tinwald Downs, the aviation museum his an extensive indoor ootset o memorabilia that strives tae preserve [[aviation]] heritage, a hantle o it that his come via various rekivery acteevitys. Durin the Seicont Warld War, aerial navigation was taucht at Dumfries and [[Wigtoun]] an aw, an nearby [[Annan]] wis a fechter trainin unit. [[RAF Dumfries]] doobelt as an important maintenance unit an storange unit. The museum is run bi the [[Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Museum]] group an is the anely preevat avaiation museum in Scotland.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk |title=Dumfries and Galloway Museums |publisher=Dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk |date=1 August 1999 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2020-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222132412/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The restore't control tour o the foregane Warld War II airfield is noo a leetit biggin. The museum is run bi volunteers an hooses a lairge and ever-expandin aircraft collection, aero ingines, and a display ootset o artefacts and personal histories relatin tae aviation, past an praisent. It is hame an aw til the Loch Doon [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfire]]. Baith ceevil aviation an military aviation is representit.<ref name="Dumfriesaviationmuseum.com"/> ===Theatre an Cinema=== [[File:Shakespeare St, Dumfries.jpg|thumb|The Theatre Royal in Dumfries. In the background can be seen the spire o the auld St Andrew's Cathedral: the lave of the biggin burnt doun in 1961<ref>[http://www.standrewsdumfries.org.uk/History_plus.htm St. Andrew's Catholic Church Dumfries website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327015953/http://www.standrewsdumfries.org.uk/History_plus.htm |date=27 March 2014 }}</ref> and wis replace't wi a new kirk on the same site.]] The [[Theatre Royal, Dumfries]] wis built in 1792 an is the auldest wirkin theatre in Scotland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guildofplayers.co.uk/ |title=Guild of Players – Home |publisher=Guildofplayers.co.uk |date=June 2014 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2019-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219150241/http://www.guildofplayers.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The theatre belangs til the Guild o Players that bocht in 1959, tharefore saufin it fae demoleetion, an is run ona volutary basis bi the members o the Guild o Players. It is fondit enteerly bi Guild membership stents and bi box-office quitances takkins. It disna praisently receive ony grant aid taewart runnin costs. In recent years the theatre his been reruift an the ootside refurbisht. It is the venue for the Guild o Players ain productions an for performances fae veesitin companies. Thir include: [[Scottish Opera]], [[TAG]], [[the Borderline]], and [[7:84]]. The [[Robert Burns Centre]] is an airt hoose cinema in Dumfries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbcft.co.uk/ |title=Robert Burns Centre Film Theatre |publisher=Rbcft.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> The Odeon Cinema, that shew mair mainstream picturs, closed its doors in mid-2018. ===Concert an Event Venues=== [[File:DG One, Dumfries, 2007-07-26.jpg|thumb|Construction o DG One centre in 2007]] The Loreburn Haw (whiles kenned colloquial as The Drill Haw)<ref name="culturalprofiles.org.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.culturalprofiles.org.uk/scotland/Units/298.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-04-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606152912/http://www.culturalprofiles.org.uk/scotland/Units/298.html |archivedate=6 June 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref> his hostit concerts bi performers sic as [[Black Sabbath]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.black-sabbath.com/tourdates/1970.html |title=1970 Tour |publisher=Black-sabbath.com |accessdate=24 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611151759/http://www.black-sabbath.com/tourdates/1970.html |archivedate=11 June 2011 }}</ref> [[Big Country]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tour Dates 1990|url=http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Alley/2384/td-1990.html|access-date=2026-08-09|website=www.geocities.com}}</ref> [[The Proclaimers]], an [[Scottish Opera]].<ref name="culturalprofiles.org.uk"/> The haw his hostit sportin events sic as [[warstlin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wrestling101.com/101/newsitem/1154/ |title=wZw Present The 'Destruction Tour' |publisher=Wrestling101.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2020-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219085931/http://www.wrestling101.com/101/newsitem/1154/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The new DG One sport, fitness, an enterteenment centre becam the principle indoor event venue in Dumfries in 2007,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dgone.co.uk |title=MiniWeb |publisher=DG One |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2019-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101101632/http://dgone.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> bit in October 2014, it closed acause o major defects diskivert in the biggin. Houiver, the refurbisht replenisht biggin reappent tae the public in the simmer o 2019.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dumfries leisure centre with 'unique' failings ready to reopen |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-48761099|accessdate=7 January 2020|work=BBC News|date=26 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The Theatre Royal his reappent an aw follaein renovation wark. ===Visual Airts=== Wi a collection o ower 400 Scots pentins, Gracefield Arts Centre hosts a changin programme o exheebeetions featurin regional, national, and internatonal airtists and craft-makkers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/grace.html|title=Gracefield Arts centre|date=|publisher=Dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk|accessdate=24 August 2011|archive-date=2020-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222025418/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/grace.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dumfries Art Trail brings thegither airtists, makkers, gaileries, an craft shaps wi venues accessible aw year roond.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dumfries Art Trail|url=https://dumfriesarttrail.wordpress.com/|access-date=2026-08-09|website=Dumfries Art Trail|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204112952/https://dumfriesarttrail.wordpress.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Festivals=== The're a nummer o festivals that tak place ootthrou the year, maistly sted on tradeetional values. '''''Guid Nychburris''''' ([[Middle Scots leid|Middle Scots]], meanin 'guid neebours') is the main festival o the year, a ceremony that is lairgely sted on the theme o a positive community speerit. The ceremony on Guid Nychburris Day follaes a route an sequence o events laid doun in the mists o time. Formal proceedins start at 7.30 am wi the gaitherin o up tae 250 horses waitin for the courier tae arrive and annunce that the Pursuivant is on his wey, an at 8.00 am leave the Midsteeple an ride oot tae meet the Pursuivant. Thay then proceed to Ride the Mairches an Stob an Nog (merk the boond wi stabs an knags) afore retourin til the Midsteeple at 12.15 pm tae meet the Provost an then the Chairter is proclaimt tae the tounfowk o Dumfries. This is than follaed bi the crounin o the Queen o the Sooth.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guidnychburris.co.uk |title=www.guidnychburris.co.uk |publisher=www.guidnychburris.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822205037/http://www.guidnychburris.co.uk/ |archive-date=22 August 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Syne 2013, Dumfries his seen the annual [[Nithraid]], a wee boat race up the Nith fae Carsethorn, celebratin the toun's historical relationship wi the river. The region is hame an aw tae a nummer o thrivin muisic festivals sic as the Eden Festival (at St Ann's near Moffat), Youthbeatz (Scotland's lairgest free youth muisic festival), the Moniave Folk Festival, Thornhill Music Festival, and Electric Fields at Drumlanrig Castle afore. [[File:Ewart Library entrance.jpg|thumb|Entrance tae the Ewart Library]] ===Leebrary=== The [[Ewart Library]] is a [[Carnegie library]], an wis appent in 1904. Carnegie donatit £10,000 taewart the buildin o the leebrary, an suggestit that it wis name't efter [[William Ewart]], forgane MP for the area, and wha wis key in the introduction o actis o Pairlament in baith England an Scotland relatit til the creaution o public leebrarys.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scotcities.com/carnegie/renaiss.htm|title=Edwardian Renaissance Architecture in Scotland|website=www.scotcities.com|access-date=2019-07-27|archive-date=2019-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910163352/http://www.scotcities.com/carnegie/renaiss.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sport== [[File:Scoreboard cropped.JPG|thumb|left|2008 Scottish Cup semi final result on the scoreboard at Hampden Park]] [[Queen of the South F.C.]] represent Dumfries an the surroondin area in the seicont level o the kintra's [[Scottish Professional Football League|perfaisonal fitbaw seestem]], the [[Scottish Championship]]. [[Palmerston Park]] on Terregles Street is the hame grund o the team. This is on the Maxwelltoun side o the River Nith. Thay raxt the 2008 Scottish Cup Final, losin 3-2 tae [[Rangers F.C.]]. [[Dumries Saints Rugby Club|Dumfries Saints Rugby Club]] is yin o Scotland's auldest rugby clubs having been admeetit til the [[Scots Rugby Union]] in 1876-7 as "Dumfries Rangers". Dumfries hame an aw tae a nummer of gowf coorses: * The Crichton Golf Club * The Dumfries and County Golf Club * The Dumfries and Galloway Golf Club O thae that wis listit anely the Dumfries and Galloway Golf Club is on the Maxwelltoun side of the River Nith. This course is clift intae twa haufs o 9 holes ilk bi the town's [[Castle Douglas]] Road. The club hoose an holes 1 tae 7 an 17 and 18 is on the side nearest tae Summerhill. Holes 8 tae 16 is on the side nearest tae Janefield. The appenin state of the [[2001 Tour o Breetain]] startit in [[Peebles]] and finisht 105.8 mile later in Dumfries. The stage wis wun bi sprent speicialist an ringin [[Tour de France]] green gansey kemp, [[Mark Cavendish]], wi his teammate leid-oot man, [[Mark Renshaw]] finishin seicont. Cavendish hid been schedule't tae be racin in the 2011 [[Vuelta a España]]. Houiver Cavendish wis yin o a nummer o riders tae reteer havin suffert in the searin Spaingie heat. This alloued Cavendish tae be a late addeetion tae the Tour o Breetain line-up in his preparation for whit wis tae be a successfu bid twa week later in the 2001 [[UCI Road World Championship]] - Men's Road Race . Cavendish in a smilin efter-race interview in Dumfries descrived the weet an windy race condeetions throu the Southern Scots stage as 'horrible'.<ref>Tour of Britain, ITV4, 7 pm Sun 11 September 2011</ref> DG One complex includes a national event-sized competeetion soumin puil. The David Keswick Athletic Centre is the principal faceelity in Dumfries for athletics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.runtrackdir.com/details.asp?track=dumfries |title=David Keswick Athletic Centre |publisher=Runtrackdir.com |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> Dumfries is hame tae [[Nithsale Amateur Rowin Club]]. The rowers skare thair clubhoose wi [[Dumfries Sub-Aqua Club]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Douglas A. Rathburn |url=http://www.oarspotter.com/blades/UK/Club/British_Club.html |title=Blades of the World: British Rowing Clubs |publisher=Oarspotter.com |date=14 July 2011 |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dgstandard.co.uk/tags/rowing/ |title=rowing news and articles – Dumfries and Galloway Standard |publisher=Dgstandard.co.uk |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> The rowers share their clubhouse with [[Dumfries Sub-Aqua Club]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sub Aqau Club|url=http://website.lineone.net:80/~tkburnett/|access-date=2026-08-09|website=website.lineone.net}}</ref> The toun is hame an aw tae the [[Solway Sharks]] [[Ice hockey]] team. The team is praisently Northern Premier League winners. The team's hame rink is Dumfries Ice Bowl, that is kenned an aw as Scotland's anely center o ice hockey excellence, an trials for the Scottish Jr. national team is cairit oot at this venue. Dumfries Ice Bowl is hame an aw tae twa [[synchronized skeetin]] teams, [[Solway Stars]] and [[Solway Eclipse]]. In addeetion, Dumfries Ice Bowl is hame an aw tae several curliln teams, competeetions, an leagues. Junior curlin teams fae Dumfries, consistin o curlers unner the age o 21, compete raiglar in the Dutch Junion Open sted in Zoetermeer, the Netherlands. In 2007, 2008, an 2009 a Dumfries-sted team hae been the winners o the competeetion's Hogline Tropy. Dumfries hosts three outdoors [[bouls]] clubs:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bowlsclub.org/associations/lawn/GB/SBA17/247/ |title=SBA district 17 |publisher=BowlsClub.org |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2011-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812200844/http://bowlsclub.org/associations/lawn/GB/SBA17/247/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Dumfries Bowling Club]] * [[Marchmount Bowling Club]] * [[Maxwelltown Bowling Club]] Dumfries hosts cyclin organizations an cyclin vacances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dumfriescc.org/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-05-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527161000/http://dumfriescc.org/ |archivedate=27 May 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dandgcycling.care4free.net/ |title=Dumfries and Galloway Cycling Group CTC Section Southwest Scotland, homepage |publisher=Dandgcycling.care4free.net |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitdumfriesandgalloway.co.uk/cycling/ |title=Cycling holidays in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland |publisher=Visitdumfriesandgalloway.co.uk |date=30 September 2003 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819140424/http://www.visitdumfriesandgalloway.co.uk/cycling |archivedate=19 August 2011 }}</ref> ==Eddication== Dumfries haes several primary schuils, aboot yin per key destrict, and fower main seicontary schuils. Aw o thir institutions is governt bi Dumfries an Gallowa Cooncil. the seicontary schuils is; * [[Dumfries Academy]] * [[Dumfries High School]] * [[Maxwelltoun High School]] * [[St Joseph's College]] Dumfries Academy wis a [[grammar school]] until adoptin a comprehensive format in 1983. In 2013 plans for a 'super schuil' wis annunce't. Thir plans wis later dimitit in fauvour o renovatin existin schuils.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-25023668|title=The Dumfries 'super school' project that never took off|first=Giancarlo|last=Rinaldi|date=21 November 2013|publisher=|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> In 199 Scotland's first multi-institutional university campus wis estaiblisht in Dumfries, in the 85-acre Crichton estte. In order o campus presence it is host tae the [[University of the West o Scotland]] (UWS) (kenned as University o Paisley and Bell College afore), [[Dumfries and Galloway College]], and the [[Glesga Varsity|University of Glasgow]]. In its infancy yet, the campus offers a range o degree coorses in initial teacher eddication, business, computin, environmental studies, tourism, heritage, social wark, heal, social studies, nuiricin, liberal airts, an humanities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2007/08/20105300|title=Support for Crichton and South of Scotland|first=Scottish Government, St. Andrew's House, Regent Road, Edinburgh EH1 3DG Tel:0131 556 8400|last=ceu@scotland.gsi.gov.uk|date=20 August 2007|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://crichtoncampus.co.uk/ |title=Crichton University Campus Dumfries – Scotland UK |publisher=Crichtoncampus.co.uk |date=11 July 2006 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814021722/http://crichtoncampus.co.uk/ |archivedate=14 August 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In maugre o a short-leeved threit o closin tae the University o Glasgow pairt o the campus in 2006, a campaign bi students, academics, an local supporters enshuirt that the University of Glasgow remeent appen in Dumfries. The University of Glasgow, syne maintainin its proveesion in Dumfries, his lencht a new unnergraduate programme in primary teachin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Glasgow :: Dumfries Campus :: Primary Education with Teaching Qualification|url=http://www.gla.ac.uk/departments/dumfriescampus/undergraduatestudy/primaryeducationwithteachingqualification/|access-date=2026-08-09|website=www.gla.ac.uk|language=en}}</ref> ==Healcare== [[Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary]] is the principal seicontary care referral centre for Dumfries an Galloway region. It noo includes a maternity wing that replace't the auld Cresswell Maternity Hospital. The [[Crichton Royal Hospital]] is pairt o the Royal Infirmary complex an provides a regional psychiatric, psychological, an speicialist addictions service within Dumfries an Galloway. In 1838 [[Willam A. F Browne]] acceptit the poseetion o Physeecian Superintendant at the newly creatit Crichton. It is at the Chricton that [[Ursula Fleming]] gaint a hantle o her eddication an experience. ==Transport== [[File:Maxwelltown Railway Path, Dumfries (looking towards Hardthorn Road bridge).jpg|thumb|left|Maxwelltown Railwey Paith, Dumfries (leukin taewart Hardthorn Road brig)]] [[File:Dumfries Railway Station 2008-01-18.jpg|thumb|[[Dumfries railwey station]]]] Dumfries is linkit tae the norwart-gaun [[M74 motorwey]] at [[Beattock]] via the [[A701 road]]. The eastwart-gaun [[A75 road]] links Dumfries tae the soothwart-gaun A74 (M), leadin tae the [[M6 Motorwey]] an [[Cairl]]. The westlin-gaun A75 links Dumfries til the ferry port o [[Stranrawer]]. The [[A76 road]] connects tae [[Kilmarnock]] in [[Ayrshire]]. [[Dumfries railwey station]] is locatit on the [[Glasgow South Western Line]]. It wis awairdit Best Station Awards bi [[British Rail]] in 1986 an 1987. The train service is noo operatit bi [[Abellio ScotRail]] that provides services tae [[Glesga Central station]] an Cairl, an no sae aften services direct tae [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]. The nearest station tae Dumfries on the [[West Coast Main Line]] is 14 mile east alang the [[A709 road]] at [[Lockerbie]], an the nearest West Coast Main Line station linkin direct tae Dumfries bi rail is at Cairl. [[Maxwelltoun station]] in the Summerhill destrict o the toun wis closed alang wi the direct line tae Stranrawr via Castle Douglas as pairt o the [[Beeching cuts]] in 1965. Pairt o the disused railwey track in Dumfries wis later convertit til a cycle paith. ==Pairks== The maist significant o the pairks in Dumfries is aw within walkin distance o the toun centre: * Dock Park - locatit on the East baunk o the Nith juist til the sooth o St Michael's brig * Castledykes Park - as the name suggests on the site o a foregane castle * Mill Green (kenned an aw as Deer Park, awtho the deer that wis there hae syne been relocatit) - on the Wast baunk o the Nith conter Whitesands ==Braidcastin== Dumfries is hame tae yin o the 11 BBC studios in Scotland. [[West Sound (Dumfries an Gallowa)|West Sound FM]], pairt o the [[Bauer Media Group]], braidcasts fae Dumfries, an is an aw the main radio station for the area. Community radio station ''Alive 107.3'' braidcasts on 107.3 FM in Dumfries an online.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.info/radio/stations/alive-radio-1073|title=Alive Radio 107.3|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2019-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017190341/https://media.info/radio/stations/alive-radio-1073|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2018, Dumfries got a new radio station, ''Dumfries Community Radio''. Kenned an aw as DCR Online, it isna a tradeetional FM radio station, bit an online radio station. ==Local jurnalism== The twa local newspapers that kiver speceefic Dumfries an the surroondin area is: * ''[[Dumfries and Galloway Standard]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://icdumfries.icnetwork.co.uk/dumfriesgalloway/ |title=icDumfries – Dumfries & Galloway Standard News |publisher=Icdumfries.icnetwork.co.uk |date=11 August 2009 |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> (estaiblisht 1843) publishin on Tysdays an Fridays * ''[[Dumfries Courier]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dumfriescourier.co.uk/ |title=Dumfries Courier – Regionwide news from your weekly newspaper |publisher=Dumfriescourier.co.uk |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926073214/http://www.dumfriescourier.co.uk/ |archive-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> publishing on Fridays publishin on Fridays ==Airchitectural geology== [[File:Buccleuch St, Dumfries, 2007-07-26.jpg|thumb|saundstane biggins in Buccleuch Street]] The're mony biggins in Dumfries made fae saundstane o the local Locharbriggs [[Quarrel (minin)|quarrel]]. The quarrel is situatit aff the A701 on the north o Dumfries at Locharbriggs near til hte aggregates quarrel. This dimension stane quarrel is a lairge quarrel. Quarrel wirkin at Locharbriggs dates fae the 18t century, an the quarrel his been wirked continuous syne 1890.<ref name="autogeneratedquarry">{{cite web|url=http://www.stancliffe.com/uk-stone-types-and-colours/locharbriggs-red-sandstone|title=Locharbriggs Red Sandstone Suppliers|first=RJ Design|last=Associates|publisher=|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2018-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306113531/http://www.stancliffe.com/uk-stone-types-and-colours/locharbriggs-red-sandstone|url-status=dead}}</ref> The're guid reserves o stane that can be howkit at several locations. On average the stane is available at deepths o 3 fit on bed awtho some lairger block are obtainable. The average lenth o a block is 4 fit bit 7 fit blocks can be obtaint. Locharbriggs is fae the New Red saundstane o the Permian age It is a middlin-graint stane rangin in colour fae dreich red tae pink. It is the saundstane uised in the [[Queen Alexandra Bridge]] in [[Sunderland]], the [[Manchester International Convention Centre]], an the base o the [[Statue o Leeberty]].<ref name=autogeneratedquarry /><gallery caption="Examples o sandstane carvins fund in Dumfries"> File:Dumfries Academy, Minerva Building, Academy St, Dumfries DG1 1DD, Detail.jpg|Minerva biggin, Dumfries Academy File:Grayfriars 1.jpg|Detail at Greyfriar's Kirk File:Grayfriars 4.jpg|Detail at Greyfriars Kirk File:Midsteeple 7.jpg|Detail at Midsteeple File:Queensberry Hotel, Dumfries 2.jpg|Detail at Queensberry hottle File:Queensberry monument dumfries 2.jpg|Ram's heid at Queensberry monument File:Greyfriars Dumfries town centre.jpg|Greyfriars Dumfries toun centre File:Carving of satyr, Dumfries.jpg|Carvin o Pan File:Dumfries Academy 2.jpg|Detail at Dumfries Academy </gallery> ==Surroondin places o interest== As the lairgest sattlement in Soothren Scotland, Dumfries is notit as a centre for veesitin surroonding places o interest.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scottishholidays.net/visit/scotland-tour-dumfries-dumfries.html |title=Dumfries Travel Guide |publisher=Scottishholidays.net |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2017-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013224911/http://www.scottishholidays.net/visit/scotland-tour-dumfries-dumfries.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The follaein is aw within easy reak: * [[Ae, Dumfries an Gallowa|Ae]] an [[Ae Forest]] * [[Caerlaverock Castle]]<ref name="autogenerated2" /> * [[Criffel]] - a hill on the Solway coast popular wi hill walkers for its views o the Soothren Scotland coastline an ootower the [[Solway Firth]] til the [[Lake District]] o [[Cumbria]]. * [[Drumlanrig Castle]]<ref name="autogenerated2" /> * [[Ecclefechan]] - birthplace o [[Thomas Carlyle]]. "The Arched House" is a tourist attraction an his been mainteent bi the [[National Trust for Scotland]] syne 1936.<ref name="autogenerated2" /> Ecclefechan is locatit at the fit o the lairge Roman fort, [[Burnswark]], that dominates the laundskip wi its flat tap. * [[Gretna Green]] an the [[Auld Smiddie]], famous for skirt-mairiages<ref name="autogenerated2" /> * [[John Paul Jones Cottage Museum]] - the tradeetional Scots cot what [[John Paul Jones]] in 1747 wis born in<ref>{{cite web |author=David Lockwood |url=http://www.jpj.demon.co.uk/jpjlife.htm |title=John Paul Jones a brief biography |publisher=Jpj.demon.co.uk |date=16 December 2010 |accessdate=24 August 2011 |archive-date=2013-06-25 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HcxxyXwL?url=http://www.jpj.demon.co.uk/jpjlife.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre]] wis the first [[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhist]] centre tae hae been estaiblisht in the West. It is a centre within the [[Karma Kagyu]] tradeetion o Tibetan Buddhism. It is in the veelage o [[Eskdalemuir]] in the Scots Soothren Uplands<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samyeling.org/ |title=Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre |publisher=Samyeling.org |date= |accessdate=24 August 2011}}</ref> * [[Lochmaben]] wi its lochs popular wi boaters an an aw its history wi Robert the Bruce. * [[Mabie Forest]] - popular destinations for outdoor recreation suc as muntain biking an walkin * [[Moffat]] an the views nearby o the [[Devil's Beef Tub]], the [[Grey Mare's Tail]] watterfaw, an the [[A708 road]] fae Moffat past the Grey Mare's Tail tae [[St Mary's Loch]] * [[Minnyhive]] conservation veelage * [[New Abbey]] Corn Mill Museum an [[Sweetheart Abbey]]<ref name="autogenerated2" /> * [[Solway Coast]] * [[Threave Castle]] in [[Castle Douglas]], hame til the [[Clan Douglas|Douglas Clan]] o [[James Douglas, Laird o Douglas]] that fechtit wi [[Robert the Bruce]]<ref name="autogenerated2" /> * [[Twynholm]] an the [[David Coulthard]] Museum<ref name="autogenerated2" /> * [[Wanlockheid]] - Breetain's heichest veelage registert at 1,531 fit abuin sea level an the [[Lead Mining Museum]]<ref name="autogenerated2" /> ==Ither places name't Dumfries== ===Canadae=== * [[Dumfries, New Brunswick]] * [[South Dumfries Township, Ontario]] * [[North Dumfries, Ontario]] ===USA=== * [[Dumfries, Virginia]] in the US wis estaiblisht formal on land at the heid o the herbour o Quantico Creek, providit bi John Graham. He name't the toun efter his birthplace, Dumfries in Scotland * [[Dumfries, Minnesota]] * [[Dumfries, Iowa]] ===Ither=== * [[Dumfries, Bahamas|Dumfries]], [[Cat Island]], [[Bahamas]]<ref name=maphill1>{{Cite web |url=http://www.maphill.com/bahamas/cat-island/dumfries/ |title="Dumfries Maps" Maphill.com |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2020-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730051413/http://www.maphill.com/bahamas/cat-island/dumfries/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Dumfries, Grenada|Dumfries]], [[Carriacou]], [[Grenada]]<ref name="maphill2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.maphill.com/grenada/carriacou/dumfries/ |title="Dumfries Maps" maphillcom |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2020-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730035957/http://www.maphill.com/grenada/carriacou/dumfries/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Twin touns== {{flagicon|US}} &ndash; [[Annapolis, Maryland]],<ref name=moyer>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2007-07-06/news/0707060194_1_annapolis-city-council-moyer |title="Moyer to travel to Annapolis' sister cities in Europe" |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2017-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805222046/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2007-07-06/news/0707060194_1_annapolis-city-council-moyer |url-status=dead }}</ref> is hame til the [[United States Naval Academy]] whaur John Paul Jones lies in the crypt aneath the chaipel. {{flagicon|DE}} &ndash; [[Gifhorn]],<ref name=Gifhorn>[https://www.stadt-gifhorn.de/sv_gifhorn/Lebenswert/Partnerst%C3%A4dte/Dumfries/ "Stadt Giforn"]</ref> Germany {{flagicon|ITA}} &ndash; [[Cantù]], [[Italy]]. Dumfries an Galloway Cooncil hisna been involved in ony offeecial twinnin link atween the twa touns for some time. The bond his been mainteened throu the Freends o Cantu an the Nithsdale Twinnin Association.<ref name=cantu>[http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/italian-connection-to-dumfries-2609425 Italian connection to Dumfries]</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Dumfries}} * https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/artists/james-norie-senior James Norie Senior * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180514062633/http://www.dumgal.gov.uk/ Dumfries an Galloway Cooncil Wsbsteid] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091123153243/http://www.loreburne.co.uk/ www.loreburne.co.uk A Guide tae.....Dumfries] * [http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/ Dumfries and Galloway Museums] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222132412/http://www.dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk/ |date=2020-02-22 }} * [http://ssa.nls.uk/search.cfm?search_sort_order=Film.dateRelease%2CFilm.name&search_sort_direction=ASC&search_term=dumfries&search_fields=2&search_join_type=AND&search_fuzzy=yes&videos_only=1&search_mode=Advanced&submit=Search+%3E%3E%3E National Leebrary o Scotland: Scots Screen Archaee]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}—selection of archaee picturs aboot Dumfries * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095611/http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/digital_volumes/book.php?book_id=555&place_id=10&p_name=Dumfriesshire Dumfries Ceevil Pairish Historical Tax Rolls in Dumfriesshire] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBQjqwiCgNk&t=46s Video footage an history o Dumfries railwey station] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUbEum2bCwM Video and history of the Burns Mausoleum, Dumfries.] * [https://www.visitscotland.com/destinations-maps/dumfries/see-do/ Things Tae See an Dae & Attractions in Dumfries] *[https://digital.nls.uk/chapbooks-printed-in-scotland/archive/104184943 https://digital.nls.uk/chapbooks-printed-in-scotland/archaee/104184943]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=Charles_Altamont_Doyle *https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200362756-79-high-street-county-hotel-nith-ward * {{en}} [https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Dumfries Dumfries at Wikivoyage] [[Category:Touns in Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] afbs4egvv5ba8rxk1pufjzb5osahhcf 0 154632 920951 914773 2026-08-17T18:26:50Z Munci 6841 redd up Scots, eik in soorces 920951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | show_name = How I Met Your Mother | image = Howimetyourmother.jpg | genre = [[Sitcom]]<br />[[Romantic comedy]]<br />[[Comedy-drama]] | creator = [[Carter Bays]]<br />[[Craig Thomas (screenwriter)|Craig Thomas]] | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Josh Radnor]] * [[Jason Segel]] * [[Cobie Smulders]] * [[Neil Patrick Harris]] * [[Alyson Hannigan]] * [[Cristin Milioti]]}} | narrated = [[Bob Saget]] | opentheme = "Hey, Beautiful" bi [[The Solids]] | composer = [[John Swihart]] | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | num_seasons = 9 | num_episodes = 208 | list_episodes = Leet o How I Met Your Mother episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Carter Bays * Craig Thomas * [[Rob Greenberg]] * [[Pamela Fryman]] * Eileen Heisler * DeAnn Heline * Greg Malins * Chris Harris * Stephen Lloyd * Kourtney Kang * Jamie Rhonheimer * [[Chuck Tatham]] }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Randy Cordray * Suzy Mamann Greenberg * Chris Harris * Jamie Rhonheimer * Kourtney Kang * Brenda Hsueh * Theresa Mulligan Rosenthal * Stewart Halpern-Fingerhut * Rob Greenberg * [[Tami Sagher]] }} | camera = [[Multi-camera]] | runtime = 22 minutes | company = {{unbulleted list|Bays & Thomas Productions|[[20th Century Fox Television]]}} | distributor = [[20th Television]] | network = [[CBS]] | picture_format = [[1080i]] ([[16:9]] [[HDTV]]) | audio_format = [[Dolby Digital|Dolby Digital 5.1]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2005|9|19}} | last_aired = {{End date|2014|3|31}} | website = http://www.cbs.com/shows/how_i_met_your_mother | website_title = Offeecial wabsteid | production_website = }} '''''How I Met Your Mother''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Hou A Met Yer Mither''; aften abbreviate tae '''''HIMYM''''') is an American [[romantic]] [[comedy]] [[drama]] that oreeginally aired frae 2005 tae 2014 (9 yeir).<ref name="rt">{{cite web|title=How I Met Your Mother|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/how-i-met-your-mother/|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=17 August 2026}}</ref><ref name="imdb">{{cite web |title=How I Met Your Mother |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0460649/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_5_nm_3_in_0_q_himym |website=IMDB |date=17 August 2026}}</ref> The series follaes the main chairacter, Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor), an his group o freinds in Manhattan.<ref name="rt"/><ref name="imdb"/> Ted recoonts tae his son an dochter in 2030 the events that led him tae meetin thair mither.<ref name="imdb"/> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Tv-stub}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:How I Met Your Mother}} [[Category:2005 American televeesion series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American comedy televeesion series]] [[Category:2000s American televeesion series]] [[Category:2010s American comedy televeesion series]] [[Category:2010s American televeesion series]] [[Category:2014 American televeesion series endins]] [[Category:American televeesion sitcoms]] [[Category:CBS network shaws]] [[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]] [[Category:Feection wi unreliable narrators]] [[Category:How I Met Your Mother| ]] [[Category:Nonlinear narrative televeesion series]] [[Category:Televeesion series bi 20th Century Fox Television]] [[Category:Televeesion shaws set in New York Ceety]] [[Category:Romantic comedy televeesion series]] [[Category:Televeesion shaws filmed in Los Angeles, Californie]] [[Category:Televeesion series aboot freendship]] abvd894nk8nm5tnhjrlsc8ttbwly3n0 920960 920951 2026-08-17T18:32:25Z Munci 6841 remuive reid links 920960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | show_name = How I Met Your Mother | image = Howimetyourmother.jpg | genre = [[Sitcom]]<br />[[Romantic comedy]]<br />[[Comedy-drama]] | creator = Carter Bays<br />Craig Thomas | starring = {{Plainlist| * Josh Radnor * Jason Segel * Cobie Smulders * Neil Patrick Harris * Alyson Hannigan * Cristin Milioti}} | narrated = Bob Saget | opentheme = "Hey, Beautiful" bi The Solids | composer = John Swihart | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | num_seasons = 9 | num_episodes = 208 | list_episodes = Leet o How I Met Your Mother episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Carter Bays * Craig Thomas * Rob Greenberg * Pamela Fryman * Eileen Heisler * DeAnn Heline * Greg Malins * Chris Harris * Stephen Lloyd * Kourtney Kang * Jamie Rhonheimer * Chuck Tatham }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Randy Cordray * Suzy Mamann Greenberg * Chris Harris * Jamie Rhonheimer * Kourtney Kang * Brenda Hsueh * Theresa Mulligan Rosenthal * Stewart Halpern-Fingerhut * Rob Greenberg * Tami Sagher }} | camera = Multi-camera | runtime = 22 minutes | company = {{unbulleted list|Bays & Thomas Productions|20th Century Fox Television}} | distributor = 20th Television | network = CBS | picture_format = 1080i (16:9 HDTV) | audio_format = Dolby Digital 5.1 | first_aired = {{Start date|2005|9|19}} | last_aired = {{End date|2014|3|31}} | website = http://www.cbs.com/shows/how_i_met_your_mother | website_title = Offeecial wabsteid | production_website = }} '''''How I Met Your Mother''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Hou A Met Yer Mither''; aften abbreviate tae '''''HIMYM''''') is an American [[romantic]] [[comedy]] [[drama]] that oreeginally aired frae 2005 tae 2014 (9 yeir).<ref name="rt">{{cite web|title=How I Met Your Mother|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/how-i-met-your-mother/|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=17 August 2026}}</ref><ref name="imdb">{{cite web |title=How I Met Your Mother |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0460649/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_5_nm_3_in_0_q_himym |website=IMDB |date=17 August 2026}}</ref> The series follaes the main chairacter, Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor), an his group o freinds in Manhattan.<ref name="rt"/><ref name="imdb"/> Ted recoonts tae his son an dochter in 2030 the events that led him tae meetin thair mither.<ref name="imdb"/> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Tv-stub}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:How I Met Your Mother}} [[Category:2000s American televeesion series]] [[Category:2010s American comedy televeesion series]] [[Category:2010s American televeesion series]] [[Category:American televeesion sitcoms]] [[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]] [[Category:Televeesion series bi 20th Century Fox Television]] [[Category:Televeesion shaws set in New York Ceety]] [[Category:Televeesion series aboot freendship]] a1ceomrjebivxshtsjm9s7rl6g5upvo 921027 920960 2026-08-17T23:17:34Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox televeesion | show_name = How I Met Your Mother | image = Howimetyourmother.jpg | genre = [[Sitcom]]<br />[[Romantic comedy]]<br />[[Comedy-drama]] | creator = Carter Bays<br />Craig Thomas | starring = {{Plainlist| * Josh Radnor * Jason Segel * Cobie Smulders * Neil Patrick Harris * Alyson Hannigan * Cristin Milioti}} | narrated = Bob Saget | opentheme = "Hey, Beautiful" bi The Solids | composer = John Swihart | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | num_seasons = 9 | num_episodes = 208 | list_episodes = Leet o How I Met Your Mother episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Carter Bays * Craig Thomas * Rob Greenberg * Pamela Fryman * Eileen Heisler * DeAnn Heline * Greg Malins * Chris Harris * Stephen Lloyd * Kourtney Kang * Jamie Rhonheimer * Chuck Tatham }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Randy Cordray * Suzy Mamann Greenberg * Chris Harris * Jamie Rhonheimer * Kourtney Kang * Brenda Hsueh * Theresa Mulligan Rosenthal * Stewart Halpern-Fingerhut * Rob Greenberg * Tami Sagher }} | camera = Multi-camera | runtime = 22 minutes | company = {{unbulleted list|Bays & Thomas Productions|20th Century Fox Television}} | distributor = 20th Television | network = CBS | picture_format = 1080i (16:9 HDTV) | audio_format = Dolby Digital 5.1 | first_aired = {{Start date|2005|9|19}} | last_aired = {{End date|2014|3|31}} | website = http://www.cbs.com/shows/how_i_met_your_mother | website_title = Offeecial wabsteid | production_website = }} '''''How I Met Your Mother''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Hou A Met Yer Mither''; aften abbreviate tae '''''HIMYM''''') is an American [[romantic]] [[comedy]] [[drama]] that oreeginally aired frae 2005 tae 2014 (9 yeir).<ref name="rt">{{cite web|title=How I Met Your Mother|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/how-i-met-your-mother/|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=17 August 2026}}</ref><ref name="imdb">{{cite web |title=How I Met Your Mother |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0460649/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_5_nm_3_in_0_q_himym |website=IMDB |date=17 August 2026}}</ref> The series follaes the main chairacter, Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor), an his group o freinds in Manhattan.<ref name="rt"/><ref name="imdb"/> Ted recoonts tae his son an dochter in 2030 the events that led him tae meetin thair mither.<ref name="imdb"/> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Tv-stub}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:How I Met Your Mother}} [[Category:2000s American televeesion series]] [[Category:2010s American comedy televeesion series]] [[Category:2010s American televeesion series]] [[Category:American televeesion sitcoms]] [[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]] [[Category:Televeesion series bi 20th Century Fox Television]] [[Category:Televeesion shaws set in New York Ceety]] [[Category:Televeesion series aboot freendship]] qc6m056h2zlfaic2lzifrzb8e7y60tp 0 159895 920989 868283 2026-08-17T19:05:39Z Munci 6841 removed [[Category:9t-century births]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 920989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}}{{Infobox royalty | name = Malcolm I | image = Malcolm I.jpg | caption = Malcolm I o Scots | succession = [[Leet o Scots monarchs|King o Alba]] | reign = 943–954 | predecessor = [[Constantine II o Scotland|Constantine II]] | successor = [[Indulf]] | birth_date = c. 895 | death_date = 954 | issue = [[Dub, King o Scotland|Dub]], King o Scots<br />[[Kenneth II o Scotland|Kenneth II]], King o Scots | house = [[Hoose o Alpin|Alpin]] | father = [[Donald II o Scots|Donald II]], King o Scots | native name = Máel Coluim mac Domnaill | image_size = 200 }} '''Máel Coluim mac Domnaill''' ([[Inglified]] '''Malcolm I''') (c. 895–954) wis [[king o Scots]] (afore 943&nbsp;– 954), becomin king whan his cousin [[Constantine II o Scotland|Causantín mac Áeda]] abdicatit tae become a monk. He wis the son o [[Donald_II_o_Scotland|Domnall mac Causantín]].{{Stub/Ryal}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Malcolm 01 o Scots}} [[Category:954 daiths]] [[Category:Hoose o Alpin]] [[Category:Buirials at Iona Aibey]] [[Category:9t-century Scots monarchs]] [[Category:10t-century Scots monarchs]] ajcjw3erzxelq0qrlh3x4oxm470gbnh 920990 920989 2026-08-17T19:06:00Z Munci 6841 removed [[Category:Buirials at Iona Aibey]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 920990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}}{{Infobox royalty | name = Malcolm I | image = Malcolm I.jpg | caption = Malcolm I o Scots | succession = [[Leet o Scots monarchs|King o Alba]] | reign = 943–954 | predecessor = [[Constantine II o Scotland|Constantine II]] | successor = [[Indulf]] | birth_date = c. 895 | death_date = 954 | issue = [[Dub, King o Scotland|Dub]], King o Scots<br />[[Kenneth II o Scotland|Kenneth II]], King o Scots | house = [[Hoose o Alpin|Alpin]] | father = [[Donald II o Scots|Donald II]], King o Scots | native name = Máel Coluim mac Domnaill | image_size = 200 }} '''Máel Coluim mac Domnaill''' ([[Inglified]] '''Malcolm I''') (c. 895–954) wis [[king o Scots]] (afore 943&nbsp;– 954), becomin king whan his cousin [[Constantine II o Scotland|Causantín mac Áeda]] abdicatit tae become a monk. He wis the son o [[Donald_II_o_Scotland|Domnall mac Causantín]].{{Stub/Ryal}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Malcolm 01 o Scots}} [[Category:954 daiths]] [[Category:Hoose o Alpin]] [[Category:9t-century Scots monarchs]] [[Category:10t-century Scots monarchs]] 1l50199x7p1vwtpboozc9vxa8qqh0yu 920998 920990 2026-08-17T22:50:02Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}} {{Infobox ryalty | name = Malcolm I | image = Malcolm I.jpg | caption = Malcolm I o Scots | succession = [[Leet o Scots monarchs|King o Alba]] | reign = 943–954 | predecessor = [[Constantine II o Scotland|Constantine II]] | successor = [[Indulf]] | birth_date = c. 895 | death_date = 954 | issue = [[Dub, King o Scotland|Dub]], King o Scots<br />[[Kenneth II o Scotland|Kenneth II]], King o Scots | house = [[Hoose o Alpin|Alpin]] | father = [[Donald II o Scots|Donald II]], King o Scots | native name = Máel Coluim mac Domnaill | image_size = 200 }} '''Máel Coluim mac Domnaill''' ([[Inglified]] '''Malcolm I''') (c. 895–954) wis [[king o Scots]] (afore 943&nbsp;– 954), becomin king whan his cousin [[Constantine II o Scotland|Causantín mac Áeda]] abdicatit tae become a monk. He wis the son o [[Donald_II_o_Scotland|Domnall mac Causantín]].{{Stub/Ryal}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Malcolm 01 o Scots}} [[Category:954 daiths]] [[Category:Hoose o Alpin]] [[Category:9t-century Scots monarchs]] [[Category:10t-century Scots monarchs]] ozscyb9298omk1khf68v2blaof0byhf 0 166481 920939 916170 2026-08-17T17:58:18Z Lirazelf 27464 remuivin en.wiki airtins 920939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox subdivision type | name= Ceevil pairish (Ingland) | alt_name= | alt_name1= | alt_name2= | alt_name3= | alt_name4= | map= | category = [[Pairish (admeenistrative diveesion)|Pairish]] | territory= [[Ingland]] | upper_unit= [[Destricts o Ingland|Destricts]] | start_date= Various, see text | start_date1= | start_date2= | legislation_begin= Various, see text | legislation_begin1= | legislation_begin2= | legislation_begin3= | legislation_begin4= | legislation_end= | legislation_end1= | legislation_end2= | legislation_end3= | legislation_end4= | end_date= | end_date1= | end_date2= | end_date3= | end_date4= | current_number= [[Leet o ceevil pairishes in Ingland|10,449]] | number_date= 2015<ref name="Office for National Statistics">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/administrative/england/parishes-and-communities/index.html |title=Office for National Statistics |access-date=2017-04-01 |archive-date=2016-01-12 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160112001128/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/administrative/england/parishes-and-communities/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | type= Ceety | type1= Commonty | type2= Neebourheid | type3= Pairish | type4= Toun | type5= Veelage | status= | status1= | status2= | status3= | status4= | exofficio= | exofficio1= | exofficio2= | exofficio3= | exofficio4= | population_range= 0–[[Leet o the maist populous ceevil pairishes in Ingland|80,000]] | area_range= | government= Ceety cooncil | government1= Commonty cooncil | government2= Neebourheid cooncil | government3= Pairish cooncil | government4= Toun cooncil | government5= Veelage cooncil | subdivision= | subdivision1= | subdivision2= | subdivision3= | subdivision4= }} [[File:uk parishes.png|thumb|300px|Map o Inglis pairishes an Welsh commonties]] In Ingland, a '''ceevil pairish''' is a territorial designation which is the lawest tier o local govrenment belaw [[destricts o Ingland|destricts]] an [[metropolitan an nan-metropolitan coonties o Ingland|counties]], or their combined fuirm, the [[unitar authority]]. It is a [[Pairish (admeenistrative diveesion)|admeenistrative pairish]], in contrast tae a [[ecclesiastical pairish]]. A ceevil pairish can range in size frae a muckle [[toun]] wi a population o aroond 80,000 tae a single [[veelage]] wi fewer than a hunder inhabitants. In a limitit nummer o cases a pairish micht include a whole ceety whaur [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|ceety status]] haes been grantit bi the [[Monarchy o the Unitit Kinrick|Monarch]]. Reflectin this diverse naitur, a ceevil pairish mey be kent as a toun, veelage, [[neebourheid]] or [[commonty]] bi resolution o its [[Pairish cooncils in Ingland|pairish cooncil]]. Approximately 35% o the Inglis population live in a ceevil pairish. As o 31 Dizember 2015 thare wur 10,449 pairishes in Ingland.<ref name="Office for National Statistics">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/administrative/england/parishes-and-communities/index.html |title=Office for National Statistics |access-date=2017-04-01 |archive-date=2016-01-12 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160112001128/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/administrative/england/parishes-and-communities/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 1 Apryle 2014, [[Queen's Park, Lunnon|Queen's Park]] became the first ceevil pairish in [[Greater Lunnon]].<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18249803 Queen's Park parish council gets go-ahead] [[BBC]]</ref> Afore 2008 their creation wis no permittit athin a [[Lunnon burgh]].<ref name=reviews>{{cite book| url=http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/localgovernment/pdf/1527635.pdf | title=Guidance on Community Governance Reviews | publisher=[[Department for Communities and Local Government]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-4098-2421-3 |year=2010}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist|2}} [[Category:Ceevil pairishes in Ingland| ]] [[Category:Teeps o subdiveesion in the Unitit Kinrick]] 7refsnwzugfrgzu7xonj4g1616jajzz 921032 920939 2026-08-17T23:22:26Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox subdivision type | name= Ceevil pairish (Ingland) | category = [[Pairish (admeenistrative diveesion)|Pairish]] | territory= [[Ingland]] | upper_unit= [[Destricts o Ingland|Destricts]] | start_date= Various, see text | legislation_begin= Various, see text | current_number= [[Leet o ceevil pairishes in Ingland|10,449]] | number_date= 2015<ref name="Office for National Statistics">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/administrative/england/parishes-and-communities/index.html |title=Office for National Statistics |access-date=2017-04-01 |archive-date=2016-01-12 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160112001128/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/administrative/england/parishes-and-communities/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | type= Ceety | type1= Commonty | type2= Neebourheid | type3= Pairish | type4= Toun | type5= Veelage | population_range= 0–[[Leet o the maist populous ceevil pairishes in Ingland|80,000]] | government= Ceety cooncil | government1= Commonty cooncil | government2= Neebourheid cooncil | government3= Pairish cooncil | government4= Toun cooncil | government5= Veelage cooncil }} [[File:uk parishes.png|thumb|300px|Map o Inglis pairishes an Welsh commonties]] In Ingland, a '''ceevil pairish''' is a territorial designation which is the lawest tier o local govrenment belaw [[destricts o Ingland|destricts]] an [[metropolitan an nan-metropolitan coonties o Ingland|counties]], or their combined fuirm, the [[unitar authority]]. It is a [[Pairish (admeenistrative diveesion)|admeenistrative pairish]], in contrast tae a [[ecclesiastical pairish]]. A ceevil pairish can range in size frae a muckle [[toun]] wi a population o aroond 80,000 tae a single [[veelage]] wi fewer than a hunder inhabitants. In a limitit nummer o cases a pairish micht include a whole ceety whaur [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|ceety status]] haes been grantit bi the [[Monarchy o the Unitit Kinrick|Monarch]]. Reflectin this diverse naitur, a ceevil pairish mey be kent as a toun, veelage, [[neebourheid]] or [[commonty]] bi resolution o its [[Pairish cooncils in Ingland|pairish cooncil]]. Approximately 35% o the Inglis population live in a ceevil pairish. As o 31 Dizember 2015 thare wur 10,449 pairishes in Ingland.<ref name="Office for National Statistics">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/administrative/england/parishes-and-communities/index.html |title=Office for National Statistics |access-date=2017-04-01 |archive-date=2016-01-12 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160112001128/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/administrative/england/parishes-and-communities/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 1 Apryle 2014, [[Queen's Park, Lunnon|Queen's Park]] became the first ceevil pairish in [[Greater Lunnon]].<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18249803 Queen's Park parish council gets go-ahead] [[BBC]]</ref> Afore 2008 their creation wis no permittit athin a [[Lunnon burgh]].<ref name=reviews>{{cite book| url=http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/localgovernment/pdf/1527635.pdf | title=Guidance on Community Governance Reviews | publisher=[[Department for Communities and Local Government]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-4098-2421-3 |year=2010}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist|2}} [[Category:Ceevil pairishes in Ingland| ]] [[Category:Teeps o subdiveesion in the Unitit Kinrick]] lyivuxxq3xte8t47sj47dritiqxgsyb 3 209542 921063 781790 2026-08-18T07:51:49Z CiphriusKane 74958 Remuivin archive.is airtin 921063 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, Lee Vilenski, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye faer [[Special:Contributions/Lee Vilenski|yer werks]]. Some gibbles ye'll fynd uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] - whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|How tae edit a page]] and [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] - gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] - tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] - gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> &#8211;<span style="font-family:CG Times">[[User:MJL|<span style="color:black">MJL</span>]]&thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]^{[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]}</span> 21:09, 10 September 2019 (UTC) :I have granted you the magical power of being of the autopatrolled user right for the next six months since you have been extremely productive recently, and I don't want to have to patrol every single page you create anymore lol &#8211;<span style="font-family:CG Times">[[User:MJL|<span style="color:black">MJL</span>]]&thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]^{[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]}</span> 06:08, 18 Dizember 2019 (UTC) ::{{ping|MJL}} You wae patrolling mi content? Tha's kynd. Mi scots i still poor, glad I can bi o help. [[Uiser:Lee Vilenski|Lee Vilenski]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lee Vilenski|tauk]]) 09:47, 18 Dizember 2019 (UTC) :::(You don't have to write in Scots on Project and talk pages lol) I gotta patrol every new page because I monitor [[Special:RecentChanges]], but your content has been good enough that anything that ''does'' need correcting will eventually be swept up by [[w:WP:AWB|WP:AWB]]. &#8211;<span style="font-family:CG Times">[[User:MJL|<span style="color:black">MJL</span>]]&thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]^{[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]}</span> 16:22, 18 Dizember 2019 (UTC) == Strange Crimea articles == Hi, I noticed that an anonymous IP-hopping editor from the Ukraine has been copying and pasting articles from the English Wikipedia, mainly about Crimea. Sometimes the articles aren't even about Crimea, such as [[Crimean urgent work]], which was copied verbatim from [[:en:Freelancer]]. I also noticed that a few of these English articles were automatically "Scots-ified" by you via AWB. Here is an example: <link removed>. Anyway, I decided to just delete all of them, since I can't see what purpose they could possibly serve. They're just English Wikipedia articles with a word substitution script applied to them. Do you know anything else about this editor? [[Uiser:PiRSquared17|PiRSquared17]] ([[Uiser collogue:PiRSquared17|tauk]]) 06:09, 26 August 2020 (UTC) :Sadly I don't{{u|PiRSquared17}}, I just payroll new changes and chuck the script on articles. I realise there is some back and forth around the reliance of word changes, but at least this way the articles aren't just written in English. Can't say I know more about these particular edits. Best Wishes, '''[[Uiser:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] ^{([[Uiser talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])}''' 06:59, 26 August 2020 (UTC) == (en) Thanks, question & request== * Hi, just wanted to say a quick thanks for the practical work you have been doing on the Scots Wiki. A fundamental problem has clearly developed with sco Wiki, part of which can only be sorted by fluent Scots speakers, but without Wikipedians with technical skills then it would be 'games a bogey'[https://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/sndns456]. * My quick question is regarding process of [[WP:SPELL]] & [[Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/Typos]]. When there is a clear resolution (I've not done all the referencing yet but, Keeng > King should be clear cut), should I move them to the settled section and add <nowiki>{{Urgent}}</nowiki> for someone to pick up and do? * If that is the case, could you draft a wee bit of text explaining that process, and I'll translate and add it to the page so the full process is clear? Aefauldlie, [[Uiser:Soothrhins|Soothrhins]] ([[Uiser collogue:Soothrhins|tauk]]) 22:58, 27 August 2020 (UTC) **Sure. Thanks for your kind words {{u|Soothrhins}} - quite happy to lend what little experience I have to the project to fix things. As you say, there is lots of issues that can only be resolved by native speakers - however there are lots of tasks designed around making it easier for those translations to make. Regex is a bit hard to learn, but I'll do something/create something for AWB in the first instance. Best Wishes, '''[[Uiser:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] ^{([[Uiser collogue:Lee Vilenski|tauk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])}''' 06:08, 28 August 2020 (UTC) *** Thanks. [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Spellin_Fettle#Keeng,_King Have 'settled' king in format I suggested], let me know if you think it could be improved. [[Uiser:Soothrhins|Soothrhins]] ([[Uiser collogue:Soothrhins|tauk]]) 07:35, 28 August 2020 (UTC) == An aw == Hey, can ye remove "also = an aw" from yer AWB stuff? It's creating a lot of grammatical issues (an aw only ever goes at the end of a sentence). This was actually one of the issues that brought the whole situation to the public light [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 09:34, 28 August 2020 (UTC) :Absolutely {{u|CiphriusKane}} - thanks for letting me know. Best Wishes, '''[[Uiser:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] ^{([[Uiser collogue:Lee Vilenski|tauk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])}''' 10:27, 28 August 2020 (UTC) ::{{Done}} - [https://sco.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/781788] if you see any extras, let me know and I'll take them out. We need only ones that are non-controversial on AWB - which will help get some common mistakes removed - and ones like these removed. Best Wishes, '''[[Uiser:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] ^{([[Uiser collogue:Lee Vilenski|tauk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])}''' 10:30, 28 August 2020 (UTC) edizl7vo9vfwgmd9j5n6r9kfdx26roc 4 223455 920992 920755 2026-08-17T22:31:49Z ListeriaBot 30924 Wikidata list updated [V2] 920992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT DISTINCT ?item WHERE { ?position wdt:P279 wd:Q1711695 . ?item p:P39 ?ps . ?ps ps:P39 ?position . ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . } |links=red_only |thumb=100 |columns=number,label:Name,,P18,P569,P570,P19 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! number ! Name ! ! eemage ! date o birth ! date o daith ! place o birth |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[Wendy Alexander]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Alexander of Cleveden crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[Andy Kerr]] | | [[File:Andy Kerr.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-03-17 | | [[East Kilbride]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[Tommy Sheridan]] | | [[File:TommySheridan2007.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-07 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[Rhona Brankin]] | | [[File:Rhona Brankin.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-01-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[Sarah Boyack]] | | [[File:Sarah Boyack MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05-16 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[Angus MacKay]] | | [[File:Angus MacKay.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-01 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[Johann Lamont]] | | [[File:Johann Lamont 2019.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-07-11 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[Cathie Craigie]] | | [[File:Cathy Craigie.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-14 | | [[Stirlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[Jackie Baillie]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Jackie Baillie (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-01-15 | | [[Hong Kong]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[Annabel Goldie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Goldie crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-02-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[Susan Deacon]] | | [[File:Susan Deacon.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-02-02 | | [[Musselburrae]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[Fergus Ewing]] | | [[File:Cabinet Secretary for the Rural Economy and Connectivity, Fergus Ewing.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-09-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[Alex Fergusson]] | | [[File:AlexFergussonMSP20110511.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-04-08 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-07-31 | [[Leswalt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[Stewart Stevenson]] | | [[File:StewartStevensonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-10-15 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[Alasdair Morgan]] | | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-21 | | [[Aiberfeldy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[Cathy Jamieson]] | | [[File:Cathy Jamieson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-03 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[Ian Jenkins]] | | | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-03-18 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07-29 | [[Rossay]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[Rhoda Grant]] | | [[File:RhodaGrantMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-26 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[Janis Hughes]] | | | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-05-01 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[Bill Aitken]] | | | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-04-15 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[Bill Butler]] | | [[File:Bb3-billbutler.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-03-30 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[Brian Fitzpatrick]] | | | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[Scott Barrie]] | | | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-03-10 | | [[St Aundraes]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[Brian Monteith]] | | [[File:Brian Monteith MEP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-01-08 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[Bristow Muldoon]] | | [[File:Bristow Muldoon - 2014-10-30 - Andy Mabbett.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[John Young]] | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-12-21 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-11-03 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[George Lyon]] | | [[File:George Lyon MEP at Bournemouth 2009.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-07-16 | | [[Rossay]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[Campbell Martin]] | | | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-03-10 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[Cathy Peattie]] | | [[File:Cathey Peattie (Scottish politician).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-11-24 | | [[Grangemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | [[Charlie Gordon]] | | | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-28 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | [[Chris Ballance]] | | [[File:Chris Ballance (13338189044).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-07-07 | | [[Worcester]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[Christine May]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-23 | | [[Dublin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[Shiona Baird]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-09-14 | | [[Hereford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[David Davidson]] | | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-01-25 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-06-14 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[David McLetchie]] | | [[File:DavidMcLetchieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-08-06 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-08-12 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[Dave Petrie]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-10 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-08-31 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[Dennis Canavan]] | | [[File:EET Scotland’s Economic Future Post-2014.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-08 | | [[Coudenbeith]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | [[Derek Brownlee]] | | | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-08-10 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | [[Des McNulty]] | | [[File:Des McNulty.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-07-28 | | [[Stockport]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | [[John Farquhar Munro]] | | [[File:Iain Fearchar Rothach aig SMO.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-08-26 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-01-26 | [[Glen Shiel]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | [[Duncan McNeil]] | | [[File:DuncanMcNeilMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-09-07 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | [[Mary Mulligan]] | | [[File:MaryMulligan.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-12 | | [[Liverpuil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | [[Marilyn Livingstone]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-09-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | [[Marlyn Glen]] | | [[File:Marlyn-Glen.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-09-30 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | [[Maureen Macmillan]] | | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-02-09 | | [[Oban]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | [[Elaine Murray]] | | [[File:ElaineMurrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-12-22 | | [[Hitchin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | [[Tavish Scott]] | | [[File:Tavish Scott MSP at Bournemouth.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-05-06 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | [[Karen Whitefield]] | | [[File:KarenWhitefield.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-08 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[Euan Robson]] | | [[File:Euan Robson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-02-17 | | [[Northren Ingland]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | [[Helen Eadie]] | | [[File:HelenEadieMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-03-07 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-11-09 | [[Stanehoosemuir|Stennie]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | [[Mike Rumbles]] | | [[File:Mike Rumbles.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-10 | | [[South Shields]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | [[Gordon Jackson]] | | [[File:GJ losing.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-05 | | [[Ardrussan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | [[Rosemary Byrne]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-03 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | [[Frank McAveety]] | | [[File:Frank McAveety MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | [[Mark Ballard]] | | [[File:Mark B smart smile.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-06-27 | | [[Leeds]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | [[Iain Smith]] | | [[File:Iain smith.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-05-01 | | [[Gateside]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[Alasdair Morrison]] | | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11-18 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | [[Irene Oldfather]] | | [[File:Irene Oldfather 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | [[Jamie McGrigor]] | | [[File:JamieMcGrigorMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-10-19 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07-20 | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | [[Jean Turner]] | | | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-12-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | [[Jeremy Purvis]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Purvis of Tweed crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-01-15 | | [[Berrick|Berik]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | [[John Home Robertson]] | | [[File:Johnhomerobertson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-12-05 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | [[John Scott]] | | [[File:JohnScottMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-06-07 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | [[Karen Gillon]] | | [[File:KarenGillon.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-08-18 | | [[Jethart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | [[Kate Maclean]] | | | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-02-16 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | [[Keith Raffan]] | | | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-06-21 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | [[Lewis Macdonald]] | | [[File:LewisMacdonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-01-01 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | [[Malcolm Chisholm]] | | [[File:Malcolm Chisholm.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-03-07 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | [[Margaret Jamieson]] | | | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | [[Margaret Mitchell]] | | [[File:MargaretMitchellMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-11-15 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | [[Margaret Smith]] | | [[File:Margaret-SmithMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-02-18 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | [[Mark Ruskell]] | | [[File:MarkRuskellMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05-14 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | [[Mary Scanlon]] | | [[File:MaryScanlonMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-05-25 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | [[Mike Watson, Baron Watson of Invergowrie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Watson of Invergowrie crop 2, 2020.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-01 | | [[Cammuslang]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | [[Mike Pringle]] | | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-12-25 | | [[Northern Rhodesia]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | [[Murdo Fraser]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Murdo Fraser MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-09-05 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | [[Murray Tosh]] | | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-09-01 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | [[Hugh Henry]] | | [[File:HughHenryMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-12 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | [[Tom McCabe]] | | [[File:Tom McCabe.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-28 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-04-19 | [[Hamiltoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | [[Ben Wallace]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-05-15 | | [[Farnborough]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | [[Margaret Curran]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Curran crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-11-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | [[Elaine Smith]] | | [[File:ElaineSmithMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-05-07 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | [[Nicol Stephen]] | | [[File:Nicol Stephen.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-03-23 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | [[James Douglas-Hamilton, Baron Selkirk of Douglas]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Selkirk of Douglas crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-31 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-11-28 | [[Sooth Lanrikshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | [[Phil Gallie]] | | | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-06-03 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-01-24 | [[Portsmouth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | [[Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Wallace of Tankerness crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-08-25 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-01-29 | [[Annan, Dumfries an Gallowa|Annan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | [[Henry McLeish]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Henry McLeish, 2000.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-06-15 | | [[Methul]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | [[Andrew Welsh]] | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-04-19 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-06-17 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | [[Donald Gorrie]] | | | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-04-02 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-08-25 | [[Breetish Raj]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | [[George Reid]] | | [[File:George Reid MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-06-04 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-08-12 | [[Tullibody]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | [[Colin Campbell]] | | | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-08-31 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[Dorothy-Grace Elder]] | | | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-11 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | [[Duncan Hamilton]] | | | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | [[Elaine Thomson]] | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | [[John McAllion]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-02-13 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | [[Lyndsay McIntosh]] | | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | [[Fiona McLeod]] | | [[File:FionaMcLeodMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-12-03 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | [[Iain Gray]] | | [[File:IainGrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-06-07 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | [[Ian Welsh]] | | | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-11-23 | | [[Preswick]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | [[Lloyd Quinan]] | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[Irene McGugan]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Angus]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | [[Kay Ullrich]] | | [[File:Kay Ullrich.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-05-05 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-01-04 | [[Preswick]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | [[Keith Harding]] | | | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-11-21 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-11-15 | [[Chipping Norton]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | [[Michael Russell]] | | [[File:Mike Russell SNP Conference.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-08-09 | | [[Bromley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | [[Nick Johnston]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-01-05 | | [[Filey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | [[Nora Radcliffe]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-03-04 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | [[Patricia Ferguson]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Patricia Ferguson MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-09-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | [[Trish Godman]] | | | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-10-31 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-07-21 | [[Gouan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | [[Paul Martin]] | | [[File:PaulMartinMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-17 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[Pauline McNeill]] | | [[File:Pauline McNeill.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-09-12 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | [[Peter Peacock]] | | [[File:Peter Peacock.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-27 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | [[Richard Simpson]] | | [[File:RichardSimpsonMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-10-22 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | [[Robert Brown]] | | [[File:Robert Brown (Scottish Government).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-12-25 | | [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | [[Ross Finnie]] | | [[File:Ross Finnie.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-02-11 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[Sam Galbraith]] | | [[File:Sam Galbraith MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-18 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-08-18 | [[Clitheroe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | [[Sylvia Jackson]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-03 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-07-27 | [[Lincolnshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | [[Michael McMahon]] | | [[File:MichaelMcMahon5715448629 0404153e04 o.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-09-18 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | [[Alex Johnstone]] | | [[File:AlexJohnstoneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-07-31 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-12-07 | [[Steenhive|Stanehyve]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | [[Allan Wilson]] | | [[File:Allan Wilson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-08-05 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | [[Andrew Wilson]] | | | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | [[Lanrik]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | [[Nigel Don]] | | [[File:NigelDonMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-16 | | [[London Borough of Sutton]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | [[Ian McKee]] | | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-04-02 | | [[South Shields]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | [[Rob Gibson]] | | [[File:RobGibsonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-10 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | [[Liz Smith]] | | [[File:ElizabethSmithMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-27 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | [[Claire Baker]] | | [[File:ClaireBakerMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-03-04 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | [[Gavin Brown]] | | [[File:Gavin Brown.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-04 | | [[Kirkcaldy|Kircaudy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | [[George Foulkes, Baron Foulkes of Cumnock]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Foulkes of Cumnock crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | | [[Oswestry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | [[James Kelly]] | | [[File:JamesKellyMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | [[Hugh O'Donnell]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-01 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | [[Jim Hume]] | | [[File:JimHumeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-11-04 | | [[Peebles]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | [[John Lamont]] | | [[File:Official portrait of John Lamont MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-04-15 | | [[Kilwinnin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | [[John Park]] | | [[File:John-Park-MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-09-14 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | [[John Wilson]] | | [[File:JohnWilsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-28 | | [[Fawkirk]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | [[Richard Baker]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Richard Baker MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-05-29 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | [[Stefan Tymkewycz]] | | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-09-18 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | [[Ted Brocklebank]] | | | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-24 | | [[St Aundraes]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | [[Alison McInnes]] | | [[File:AlisonMcInnesMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-07-17 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | [[Nanette Milne]] | | [[File:NanetteMilneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-27 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | [[Andrew Arbuckle]] | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-04-12 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-12-25 | [[Fife]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | [[Eleanor Scott]] | | [[File:Eleanor scott (13338173734).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-07-23 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | [[John Swinburne]] | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-07-04 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-10-01 | [[Pennsylvanie|Pennsylvania]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | [[Bruce McFee]] | | | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05-18 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-09-09 | [[Johnstoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[Christopher Harvie]] | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-09-21 | | [[Motherwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | [[David Stewart]] | | [[File:DaveStewartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-05-05 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | [[Dave Thompson]] | | [[File:DaveThompsonMSP20120629.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-20 | | [[Lossiemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | [[David Whitton]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-04-22 | | [[Farfar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | [[Jim Tolson]] | | [[File:Jim Tolson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-05-26 | | [[Kirkcaldy|Kircaudy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | [[Bashir Ahmad]] | | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-02-12 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-02-06 | [[Amritsar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | [[Bill Kidd]] | | [[File:BillKiddMSP20070509.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-07-24 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | [[Bill Wilson]] | | | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-12-11 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | [[Bob Doris]] | | [[File:BobDorisMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-11 | | [[Vale of Leven]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[Chic Brodie]] | | [[File:Chic Brodie.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-05-08 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-09-24 | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | [[Claudia Beamish]] | | [[File:ClaudiaBeamishMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-08-09 | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | [[Colin Beattie]] | | [[File:Colin Beattie.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-17 | | [[Farfar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | [[Dennis Robertson]] | | [[File:DennisRobertson20120627.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-08-14 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | [[Drew Smith]] | | [[File:DrewSmithMSP20110614.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 20th century | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | [[Graeme Dey]] | | [[File:GraemeDeyMSP20110507.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-10-29 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | [[Gordon MacDonald]] | | [[File:GordonMacDonaldMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-01-02 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | [[Graeme Pearson]] | | [[File:GraemePearsonMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-04-01 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | [[Neil Bibby]] | | [[File:Neil Bibby.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-09-06 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | [[Hanzala Malik]] | | [[File:HanzalaMalikMSP20110601.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-26 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-12-14 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[Margaret McCulloch]] | | [[File:Margaret McCulloch.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-09 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | [[Jean Urquhart]] | | [[File:JeanUrquhartMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-17 | | [[Wast Lowden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | [[Jenny Marra]] | | [[File:Jenny Marra MSP.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-11-06 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | [[Jim Eadie]] | | [[File:JimEadieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-10 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | [[John Pentland]] | | [[File:JohnPentlandMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-24 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | [[Siobhan McMahon]] | | [[File:SiobhanMcMahonMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-07-04 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | [[Marco Biagi]] | | [[File:Marco Biagi.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-31 | | [[The Vale]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | [[Margaret McDougall]] | | [[File:MargaretMcDougallMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-01-23 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | [[Mark Griffin]] | | [[File:Mark-Griffin-MSP-closeup.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-10-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | [[Mary Fee]] | | [[File:MaryFeeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-03-23 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | [[Mike MacKenzie]] | | [[File:MikeMacKenzieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-11-18 | | [[Oban]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | [[Paul Wheelhouse]] | | [[File:PaulWheelhouseMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-06-22 | | [[Bilfawst|Belfast]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | [[Alison Johnstone]] | | [[File:Alison Johnstone 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-10-11 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | [[Cara Hilton]] | | [[File:Cara Hilton.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | | [[Grangemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | [[Cameron Buchanan]] | | [[File:CameronBuchananMSP20140129.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-09 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-06-24 | [[Woking]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | [[Alex Rowley]] | | [[File:AlexRowleyMSP.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-11-30 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | [[Lesley Brennan]] | | [[File:Lesley Brennan.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | [[Margaret Burgess]] | | [[File:Margaret Burgess.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-12-07 | | [[Ayrshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | [[James Dornan]] | | [[File:JamesDornanMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-17 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | [[Joan McAlpine]] | | [[File:JoanMcAlpineMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-01-28 | | [[Gourock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | [[Angus MacDonald]] | | [[File:AngusMacDonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-11 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | [[Anne McTaggart]] | | [[File:AnneMcTaggartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-30 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | [[Bill Walker]] | | [[File:BillWalkerMSP20110720.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-31 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | [[Neil Findlay]] | | [[File:NeilFindlayMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-06 | | [[Brocksburn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | [[Roderick Campbell]] | | [[File:RoderickCampbellMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-06-15 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | [[Colin Keir]] | | [[File:ColinKeirMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-12-09 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | [[Jayne Baxter]] | | [[File:JayneBaxterMSP20121211.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-11-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | [[Brian Whittle]] | | [[File:BrianWhittleMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-04-26 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | [[Rachael Hamilton]] | | [[File:Rachel Hamilton MSP.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-09 | | [[Herefordshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | [[Oliver Mundell]] | | [[File:Oliver Mundell 2016.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-12-01 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | [[Finlay Carson]] | | [[File:FinlayCarsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-10-18 | | [[Twynham, Dumfries an Gallowa|Twynham]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | [[Gordon Lindhurst]] | | [[File:Gordon Lindhurst MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-07-02 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | [[Ross Greer]] | | [[File:Ross Greer, October 2022.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-06-01 | | [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | [[Alexander Burnett]] | | [[File:Alexander Burnett.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-30 | | [[Banchry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | [[Ross Thomson]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Ross Thomson crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-09-21 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | [[Colin Smyth]] | | [[File:Colin Smyth MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | [[Kate Forbes]] | | [[File:Deputy First Minister - designate and Cabinet Secretary for Economy and Gaelic - designate, Kate Forbes (53707856301) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-04-06 | | [[Dingwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | [[Edward Mountain]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Edward Mountain MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-03-19 | | [[Moray]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | [[Jamie Greene]] | | [[File:JamieGreeneMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-03-19 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | [[Maurice Golden]] | | [[File:MauriceGoldenMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-01-12 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | [[Maurice Corry]] | | [[File:MauriceCorryMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-06 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | [[Monica Lennon]] | | [[File:MonicaLennonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | [[Alison Harris]] | | [[File:AlisonHarrisMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-07-23 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | [[Graham Simpson]] | | [[File:Harry Cavanagh meeting Graham Simpson MSP, 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | [[Alex Cole-Hamilton]] | | [[File:AlexCole-HamiltonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-07-22 | | [[Hertfordshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | [[Ash Regan]] | | [[File:Ash Denham MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-03-08 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | [[Ben Macpherson]] | | [[File:BenMacphersonMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1980s | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | [[Ivan McKee]] | | [[File:Ivan McKee MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-09 | | [[Milligs Mill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | [[Annie Wells]] | | [[File:AnnieWellsMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-02-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | [[Daniel Johnson]] | | [[File:David Johnson MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-09-03 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | [[Peter Chapman]] | | [[File:Peter Chapman.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-13 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | [[Miles Briggs]] | | [[File:Miles Briggs.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-03-30 | | [[Preston]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | [[Donald Cameron]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Cameron of Lochiel crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-11-26 | | [[St Mary's Hospital]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | [[Liam Kerr]] | | [[File:Liam Kerr MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-23 | | [[Chester]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | [[Jeremy Balfour]] | | [[File:Jeremy Balfour MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-11 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | [[Bill Bowman]] | | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-30 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | [[Michelle Ballantyne]] | | [[File:MichelleBallantyneMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-11-28 | | [[Ashton-under-Lyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | [[Jamie Halcro Johnston]] | | [[File:JamieHalcroJohnstonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-10-08 | | [[Oxford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | [[Tom Mason]] | | [[File:Tom Mason MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-12-31 | | [[Bishop's Stortford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | [[Beatrice Wishart]] | | [[File:Beatrice Wishart MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Lerook]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | [[Jackie Dunbar]] | | [[File:Jackie Dunbar MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Peterheid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | [[Marie McNair]] | | [[File:Marie McNair 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975<br/>1976 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | [[Paul McLennan]] | | [[File:Minister for Housing Paul McLennan (52781732883) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | [[Collette Stevenson]] | | [[File:Collette Stevenson 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-15 | | [[East Kilbride]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | [[Evelyn Tweed]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Evelyn Tweed MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | [[Natalie Don]] | | [[File:Natalie Don MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-02-12 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | [[Katy Clark]] | | [[File:Katy Clark MP.jpeg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-07-03 | | [[Kilwinnin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | [[Foysol Choudhury]] | | [[File:Foysol Choudhury MBE.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-01-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | [[Michelle Thomson]] | | [[File:Michelle Thomson 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-03-11 | | [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | [[Martin Whitfield]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Martin Whitfield crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | [[Jenni Minto]] | | [[File:Jenni Minto 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11 | | [[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | [[Audrey Nicoll]] | | [[File:Audrey Nicoll MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | [[Jim Fairlie]] | | [[File:Minister for Agriculture and Connectivity - Jim Fairlie.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | [[Stephanie Callaghan]] | | [[File:Stephanie Callaghan MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | [[Hamiltoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | [[Elena Whitham]] | | [[File:Official 2023 government portrait of Elena Whitham.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | [[Kaukab Stewart]] | | [[File:Kaukab Stewart 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967<br/>1968 | | [[Pakistan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | [[Emma Roddick]] | | [[File:Emma Roddick 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-07-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | [[Sandesh Gulhane]] | | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-22 | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | [[Mercedes Villalba]] | | [[File:Mercedes Villalba 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | [[Bristol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | [[Sue Webber]] | | [[File:Sue Webber 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | [[Michael Marra]] | | [[File:Michael Marra 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-17 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | [[Paul O'Kane]] | | [[File:Paul O'Kane 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-03-21 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | [[Karen Adam]] | | [[File:Karen Adam MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-07 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | [[Sharon Dowey]] | | [[File:Sharon Dowey MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969<br/>1970 | | [[Girvan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | [[Davy Russell]] | | [[File:Davy Russell at the Scottish Parliament (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960s<br/>1962 | | [[Quarter]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | [[Alex Kerr]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | [[Gillian Mackay]] | | [[File:Gillian Mackay 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | | [[Fawkirk]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | [[Laura Mitchell]] | | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | [[Ariane Burgess]] | | [[File:Ariane Burgess MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-11-20 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | [[Kate Nevens]] | | [[File:Kate Nevens, Official MSP Portrait.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | [[Meghan Gallacher]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Meghan Gallacher MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-01-17 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | [[Roz McCall]] | | [[File:Roz Mccall In Dunfermline.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | [[Pam Duncan-Glancy]] | | [[File:Pam Duncan-Glancy MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-11-02 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | [[Craig Hoy]] | | [[File:Craig Hoy 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 256 | [[Douglas Lumsden]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Douglas Lumsden MP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 257 | [[Pam Gosal]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Pam Gosal MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 258 | [[Tess White]] | | [[File:Tess White 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-02-18 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 259 | [[Thomas Kerr]] | | [[File:Thomas Kerr Official MSP portrait 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 260 | [[Carol Mochan]] | | [[File:Carol Mochan MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 261 | [[Màiri McAllan]] | | [[File:Official portrait of net zero secretary Màiri McAllan (cropped 1).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-02-14 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 262 | [[Mark Simpson]] | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 263 | [[Laura Moodie]] | | | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 264 | [[Colm Merrick]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 265 | [[Julie MacDougall]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 266 | [[Katherine Sangster]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 267 | [[Tim Eagle]] | | [[File:Tim eagle 24.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 268 | [[David Kirkwood]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 269 | [[Holly Bruce]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 270 | [[Irshad Ahmed]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Irshad Ahmed MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 271 | [[Michelle Campbell]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Michelle Campbell (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 272 | [[Adam Harley]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 273 | [[Simita Kumar]] | | [[File:Equalities & International Development Minister - 55282125442.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 274 | [[Iris Duane]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Iris Duane MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 275 | [[Duncan Dunlop]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 276 | [[Cara McKee]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 277 | [[Helen McDade]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 278 | [[David Smith]] | | | | | [[Cardiff–South Wales Valleys metropolitan area]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 279 | [[Q Manivannan]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Q Manivannan MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996<br/>1997 | | [[Tamil Nadu]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 280 | [[Katie Hagmann]] | | [[File:Katie Hagmann, Official MSP Portrait (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-04 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 281 | [[Jack Middleton]] | | [[File:Jack Middleton, Official MSP Portrait (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 282 | [[Zen Ghani]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 283 | [[Sanne Dijkstra-Downie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Sanne Dijkstra-Downie (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 284 | [[Duncan Massey]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 285 | [[Yi-pei Chou Turvey]] | | | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981 | | [[Taiwan (kintra)|Taiwan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 286 | [[Kayleigh Kinross-O'Neill]] | | [[File:Kayleigh Kinross-O'Neill, Official MSP Portrait.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-03-01 | | [[Motherwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 287 | [[Angela Ross]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Angela Ross MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 288 | [[Amanda Bland]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Amanda Bland (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 289 | [[Hannah Mary Goodlad]] | | [[File:Hannah Mary Goodlad Scottish Parliament Portrait 2026.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 290 | [[Jamie Langan]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 291 | [[Kim Schmulian]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 292 | [[Lloyd Melville]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 293 | [[Senga Beresford]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Senga Beresford (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 294 | [[Mandy Lindsay]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 295 | [[Max Bannerman]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Max Bannerman MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 296 | [[Kristopher Leask]] | | [[File:Kristopher Leask, Official MSP Portrait.png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 297 | [[Vic Currie]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 298 | [[Morven-May MacCallum]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 299 | [[Dawn Black]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 300 | [[Kate Campbell]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 301 | [[David Barratt]] | | [[File:Official portrait of David Barratt MSP 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 302 | [[Gary Bouse]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 303 | [[Andrew Baxter]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 304 | [[Donald MacKinnon]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 305 | [[Joe Fagan]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 306 | [[David Green]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 307 | [[Joe Long]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 308 | [[Pauline Stafford]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 309 | [[Jenny Young]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 310 | [[Calum Kerr]] | | | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-04-05 | | [[Gallae]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 311 | [[Heather Anderson]] | | [[File:Heather Anderson official portrait as an MEP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-01-31 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 312 | [[Malcolm Offord]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Offord of Garvel crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-09-05 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 313 | [[James Adams]] | | [[File:Official portrait of James Adams MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | [[Fraserburgh]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} ihvxpdby9h6efdolqu8sqa3el0aacyw 2 228586 921062 853681 2026-08-18T07:50:15Z CiphriusKane 74958 Remuiv archive.is airtin 921062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Script uised for tae scrieve the Greek leid}} {{pp-semi-indef}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Infobox writing system |name = Greek alphabet |sample = Greekalphabet.svg |imagesize = 250px |type = [[Alphabet]] |languages = [[Greek language|Greek]] |official script = *[[Greece]] *[[Cyprus]] *[[European Union]] |time = {{nowrap|c. 800 BC –}} present{{sfn|Swiggers|1996|p=}}{{sfn|Johnston|2003|pages=263–276}} |fam1 = [[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] |fam2 = [[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet]] |fam3 = [[Phoenician alphabet]] |children = {{hlist|style=line-height:1.35em; |[[Gothic alphabet|Gothic]] |[[Glagolitic alphabet|Glagolitic]] |[[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] |[[Coptic alphabet|Coptic]] |[[Armenian alphabet|Armenian]] |[[Old Italic script|Old Italic]] an sicweys [[Laitin alphabet|Laitin]] |[[Georgian scripts|Georgian]]}} |unicode = {{ublist |class=nowrap |[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0370.pdf U+0370–U+03FF] {{smaller|Greek and Coptic}} |[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1F00.pdf U+1F00–U+1FFF] {{smaller|Greek Extended}}}} |iso15924 = Grek |note = none }} The '''Greek alphabet''' is the alphabet uised for tae scrieve the [[Greek leid]] an has been since the late 9t or 8t century BC<ref>The date o the erest inscribed objects; A.W. Johnston, "The alphabet", in N. Stampolidis and V. Karageorghis, eds, ''Sea Routes from Sidon to Huelva: Interconnections in the Mediterranean'' 2003:263-76, summarises the current scholarship on the datin.</ref>{{sfn|Cook|1987|p=9}}. == Letters == Baith Modren Greek an Auncient Greek hae a consistent an quite siccar phoneme-soond mappins. Some letters haes a markit diffrence in pronunciation atween Auncient an Modren Greek. Ainly the modren letter names are gien here, awbeit the main differences is in the pronunciation. {| class="wikitable" |+ Caption text |- !rowspan="2"|Letter !rowspan="2"|Name !colspan="2"|IPA |- !Auncient !Modren |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Α α}} || [[Alpha|alpha]], {{lang|el|άλφα}} || [a] [aː] || [a] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Β β}} || beta, {{lang|el|βήτα}} || [b] || [v] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Γ γ}} || gamma, {{lang|el|γάμμα}} || [g] || [ʝ] afore [e̞], [i], itherweys [ɣ] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Δ δ}} || delta, {{lang|el|δέλτα}} || [d] || [ð] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Ε ε}} || epsilon, {{lang|el|έψιλον}} || [e] || Example |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Ζ ζ}} || zeta, {{lang|el|ζήτα}} || [zd] or [dz], later [zː] || [z] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Η η}} || eta, {{lang|el|ήτα}} || [ɛː] ([h]{{refn|group="note"|name="etavowelcons"|Ineetially the shape o H wis uised for the soond /h/, whaurfae Etruscan an Roman letter H an aw. In ither byleids whaur the soond wis still kept, the shape becam the rough breithin mairk o polytonic Greek. In the East Ionic byleid thon soond wis lost an wis mellt wi /ɛː/. Whan Athens adoptit Ionic spellin, this becam staundart an wis taen throu Iotacism wi upsilon an aw.}}) || [i] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Θ θ}} || theta, {{lang|el|θήτα}} || [tʰ] || [θ] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Ι ι}} || iota, {{lang|el|ιώτα}} || [i] [iː] || [i], [ʝ] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Κ κ}} || kappa, {{lang|el|κάππα}} || [k] || [c] afore [e̞], [i], itherweys [k] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Λ λ}} || lambda, {{lang|el|λάμβδα}} || [l] || [l] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Μ μ}} || mu, {{lang|el|μυ}} || [m] || [m] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Ν ν}} || nu, {{lang|el|νυ}} || [n] || [n] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Ξ ξ}} || xi, {{lang|el|ξι}} || [ks] || [ks] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Ο ο}} || omicron, {{lang|el|όμικρον}} || [o] || [o̞] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Π π}} || pi, {{lang|el|πι}} || [p] || [p] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Ρ ρ}} || rho, {{lang|el|ρώ}} || [r], [r̥] || [ɾ] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Σ&nbsp;σ/ς, Ϲ&nbsp;ϲ}}{{refn|group="note"|name="lunatesigma"|In the 4t tae 3rd century BC, the form o Σ wis seemplified intae a C-like shape. While this wis the staundart form o the letter throu the late antiquity an intae the Middle Ages, in Modren Greek it's no uised.}} || sigma, {{lang|el|σίγμα}} || [s] || [s] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Τ τ}} || tau, {{lang|el|ταυ}} || [t] || [t] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Υ υ}} || upsilon, {{lang|el|ύψιλον}} || [y] [yː] || [i] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Φ φ}} || phi, {{lang|el|φι}} || [pʰ] || [f] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Χ χ}} || chi, {{lang|el|χι}} || [kʰ] ([ks]) || [ç] afore [e̞], [i], itherweys [x] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Ψ ψ}} || psi, {{lang|el|ψι}} || [ps] || [ps] |- | style="font-size:120%;" | {{lang|el|Ω ω}} || omega, {{lang|el|ωμέγα}} || [ɔː] || [o̞] |} ;Notes {{reflist|group="note"}} Amang consonant letters, aw that denoted voiced plosive consonants ({{IPA|/b, d, g/}}) an aspirated plosives ({{IPA|/pʰ, tʰ, kʰ/}}) in Auncient Greek staund for corresponding [[Fricative consonant|fricative soonds]] in Modren Greek the noo: {| class="wikitable" |- !rowspan="2"|&nbsp; !colspan="3"|Former voiced plosives !colspan="3"|Former aspirates |- style="font-size: smaller;" !Letter !Auncient !Modren !Letter !Auncient !Modren |- |Labial |{{lang|el|Β β}} |{{IPAslink|b}} |{{IPAslink|v}} |{{lang|el|Φ φ}} |{{IPAslink|pʰ}} |{{IPAslink|f}} |- |Dental |{{lang|el|Δ δ}} |{{IPAslink|d}} |{{IPAslink|ð}} |{{lang|el|Θ θ}} |{{IPAslink|tʰ}} |{{IPAslink|θ}} |- |Dorsal |{{lang|el|Γ γ}} |{{IPAslink|ɡ}} |{{IPAblink|ɣ}} ~ {{IPAblink|ʝ}} |{{lang|el|Χ χ}} |{{IPAslink|kʰ}} |{{IPAblink|x}} ~ {{IPAblink|ç}} |} Modren Greek haes gaun throu a radical shift in vowel symbol pronunciation, shiftin the pronunciations o sindry vowels thegither. Acause o this, Modren Greek speelin isnae aften predictable fae pronunciation alane, houiver the opposite, fae speelin tae pronunciation, is raiglar an predeectable for common. {| class="wikitable" |- !Letter !! Auncient !! Modren |- |{{lang|el|Η η}} ||{{IPA link|ɛː}} ||rowspan="6"|> {{IPA link|i}} |- |{{lang|el|Ι ι}} ||{{IPA link|i}}({{IPA|ː}}) |- |{{lang|el|ΕΙ ει}} ||{{IPA|eː}} |- |{{lang|el|Υ υ}} ||{{IPA link|u}}({{IPA|ː}}) > {{IPA link|y}} |- |{{lang|el|ΟΙ οι}} ||{{IPA|oi}} > {{IPA link|y}} |- |{{lang|el|ΥΙ υι}} ||{{IPA|yː}} > {{IPA link|y}} |- |{{lang|el|Ω ω}} |{{IPA link|ɔː}} | rowspan="2" |> {{IPA link|o̞|o}} |- |{{lang|el|Ο ο}} |{{IPA link|o}} |- |{{lang|el|Ε ε}} |{{IPA link|e}} | rowspan="2" |> {{IPA link|e̞|e}} |- |{{lang|el|ΑΙ αι}} |{{IPA|ai}} |} ===Diagraphs an letter combinations=== A puckle letter combinations haes special soond values apairt fae thair components sindry. Amang thaim is some digraphs that wance representit diphthongs but that haes sin monophthongized. Fower were mentioned abuin, thay bein {{angbr|{{lang|el|ει}}, αι, οι, υι,}}, thare is ⟨{{angbr|{{lang|el|ηι, ωι}}}}, an {{angbr|{{lang|el|ου}}}}, pronunced /u/, an aw. The Auncient Greek diphthongs {{angbr|{{lang|el|αυ}}}}, {{angbr|{{lang|el|ευ}}}} an {{angbr|{{lang|el|ηυ}}}} are pronunced {{IPA|[av]}}, {{IPA|[ev]}} an {{IPA|[iv]}} in Modren Greek. Bytimes, they are devoiced tae {{IPA|[af]}}, {{IPA|[ef]}} an {{IPA|[if]}} respectively. The Modren Greek consonant combinations {{angbr|{{lang|el|μπ}}}} an {{angbr|{{lang|el|ντ}}}} staund for {{IPA|[b]}} an {{IPA|[d]}} (or {{IPA|[mb]}} an {{IPA|[nd]}}) respectively; {{angbr|{{lang|el|τζ}}}} staunds for {{IPA|[dz]}} an {{angbr|{{lang|el|τσ}}}} staunds for {{IPA|[t͡s]}}. Baith in Auncient and Modren Greek, the letter {{angbr|{{lang|el|γ}}}}, afore anither [[velar consonant]], staunds for the [[velar nasal]] {{IPA|[ŋ]}} an aw; sicweys {{angbr|{{lang|el|γγ}}}} an {{angbr|{{lang|el|γκ}}}} are pronunced like Inglis {{angbr|ng}}. Wi analogy tae {{angbr|{{lang|el|μπ}}}} an {{angbr|{{lang|el|ντ}}}}, {{angbr|{{lang|el|γκ}}}} is uised tae staund for {{IPA|[g]}} forby. Thare are the combinations {{angbr|{{lang|el|γχ}}}} an {{angbr|{{lang|el|γξ}}}} an aw. {| class="wikitable" |- !Combination !Pronunciation !Devoiced pronunciation |- |{{angbr|{{lang|el|αυ}}}} |{{IPA|[av]}} |{{IPA|[af]}} |- |{{angbr|{{lang|el|ευ}}}} |{{IPA|[ev]}} |{{IPA|[ef]}} |- |{{angbr|{{lang|el|ηυ}}}} |{{IPA|[iv]}} |{{IPA|[if]}} |- |{{angbr|{{lang|el|μπ}}}} |{{IPA|[b]}} |– |- |{{angbr|{{lang|el|ντ}}}} |{{IPA|[d]}} |– |- |{{angbr|{{lang|el|γκ}}}} |{{IPA|[ɡ]}} |– |- |{{angbr|{{lang|el|τζ}}}} |{{IPA|[dz]}} |– |- |{{angbr|{{lang|el|τσ}}}} |{{IPA|[t͡s]}} |– |} == Derivit alphabets == [[File:Marsiliana tablet.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|The erest Etruscan [[abecedarium]], fae Marsiliana d'Albegna, still maistly sel an same wi contemporaneous archaic Greek alphabets]] [[File:Wulfila bibel.jpg|thumb|right|A page fae the [[Codex Argenteus]], a 6t century Bible manuscript in Gothic]] The Greek alphabet wis the model for various others:{{sfn|Coulmas|1996|p=}} * The [[Old Italic script#Etruscan alphabet|Etruscan alphabet]]; * The [[Laitin alphabet]], wi various other [[Old Italic script|auncient scripts in Italy]] thegither, adoptit fae an archaic form o the Greek alphabet brocht tae Italy bi Greek colonists in the late 8t century BC, via [[Etruscan language|Etruscan]]; * The [[Gothic alphabet]], devisit in the 4t century AD for tae scrieve the [[Gothic language]], based on a combination of Greek and Laitin uncial models;<ref>{{harvnb|Murdoch|2004|p=156}}</ref> * The [[Glagolitic alphabet]], devisit in the 9th century AD for writing [[Old Church Slavonic]]; * The [[Cyrillic script]], that replacit the Glagolitic alphabet shortly efter. * The [[Coptic Alphabet]] uised for tae scrieve the [[Coptic language]]. The [[Armenian alphabet|Armenian]] an [[Georgian alphabet|Georgian]] alphabets are almost certainly modelt on the Greek alphabet, but their graphic forms are quite different.<ref>George L. Campbell, Christopher Moseley, ''The Routledge Handbook of Scripts and Alphabets'', pp. 51''ff'', 96''ff''</ref> ==Computer encodins== For computer uissage, a variety o encodins haes been uised for Greek online, mony o them documentit in {{IETF RFC|1947}}. The twa principal yins still uised the day are [[ISO/IEC 8859-7]] an [[Unicode]]. ISO 8859-7 supports anely the monotonic orthography; Unicode supports baith the monotonic an polytonic orthographies. === ISO/IEC 8859-7 === For the range A0–FF (hex), it follaes the Unicode range 370–3CF (see ablo) except that some symbols, like ©, ½, § etc. are uised whaur Unicode has unuised locations. Like aw ISO-8859 encodins, it is equal tae ASCII for 00–7F (hex). === Greek in Unicode === {{Main|Greek script in Unicode|Greek and Coptic|Greek Extended}} Unicode supports polytonic orthography weel enou for ordinary continuous text in modren and auncient Greek, and e'en mony archaic forms for [[epigraphy]]. Wi the use o [[combinin character]]s, Unicode supports Greek [[philology]] and [[dialectology]] an aw an various ither specialised requirements. Maist current text renderin engines dinnae render diacritics weel, so, awthough alpha wi [[Macron (diacritic)|macron]] and [[acute accent|acute]] can be ''representeit'' as U+03B1 U+0304 U+0301, this rarely renders weel: {{lang|grc|ᾱ́}}.{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}} Thare are twa main blocks o Greek chairacters in [[Unicode]]. The first is "Greek and Coptic" (U+0370 to U+03FF). This block is basit on [[ISO 8859-7]] an is sufficient tae scrieve Modren Greek. There are some archaic letters and Greek-based technical symbols an aw. This block supports the [[Coptic alphabet]] forby. Formerly, maist Coptic letters shared codepoints wi similar-lookin Greek letters; but in mony scholarly works, baith scripts occur, wi quite different letter shapes, so as o Unicode 4.1, Coptic an Greek wis disunified. Thae Coptic letters wi no Greek equivalents still remain in this block (U+03E2 to U+03EF). Tae write polytonic Greek, the [[combinin diacritical mairk]]s or the precomposed characters in the "Greek Extended" block (U+1F00 to U+1FFF) can be uised. {{Unicode chairt Greek an Coptic}} {{Unicode chairt Greek Extended}} ==References== {{Reflist}} gpjm4efwsvffmdjener5pdjev5akzno 4 232224 920913 920864 2026-08-17T17:21:48Z Lirazelf 27464 /* {{en}} Interwiki links */ table 920913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite/Tab header}} ==Leid== * Sort oot aw the airticles in [[:Category:Pages that wis written by a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid]] Thare ur '''2323''' articles on the wiki thit are still tagged as needin thair Scots sortit, an '''1382''' (28 Juin 2026) o'aim ur stubs. Mony o thaim are juist a coople o lines lang, so we'v got a really guid opportunity here tae dae a big dent in that nummer! '''Stubs''' - Ony frae [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?show_disambiguation_pages=both&manual_list_wiki=&max_sitelink_count=&langs_labels_any=&search_query=&langs_labels_yes=&cb_labels_yes_l=1&labels_any=&referrer_url=&cb_labels_no_l=1&search_wiki=&search_filter=&sitelinks_yes=&ores_prob_from=&page_image=any&langs_labels_no=&min_sitelink_count=&links_to_no=&wikidata_prop_item_use=&language=sco&depth=1&search_max_results=500&ns%5B0%5D=1&format=html&links_to_any=&categories=Pages+that+wis+written+by+a+body+that+haesna+a+guid+grip+on+the+leid%0D%0AAw+stub+airticles&after=&sitelinks_any=&ores_prediction=any&smaller=&before=&project=wikipedia&cb_labels_any_l=1&wpiu=any&output_compatability=catscan&interface_language=en&namespace_conversion=keep&sparql=&larger=&show_soft_redirects=both&common_wiki=auto&doit= this list.] Wanst ye'r happ wi it, dicht the box at the tap o the aiticle thit says "The 'Scots' thit wis uised in this airticle wis written bi a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid." {| class="wikitable" |+ Template:Fix Scots airticles ! Month !! Nummer || Stubs |- | Juin 2026 || 2323 || 1382 |- | Jan 2026 || 2325 ||1389 |- | Nov 2025 || 2353 || 1414 |- | Oct 2025 || 2402 || 1450 |- | Julie 2025 || 2428 || 1468 |- | Juin 2025 || 2437 || 1477 |- | Mey 2025 || 2443 || 1481 |- | Mairch 2025 || 2450 || 1480 |- | Februar 2025 || 2487 || 1524 |- | Januar 2025 || 2488 || 1530 |- | Dizember 2024 || 2495 || 1537 |- | Novemmer 2024 || 2502 || 1543 |- | Mairch 2023 || 2427 || 1613 |} {{en}} Note - the number of articles tagged with FixScots will fluctuate as articles are newly tagged in addition to articles being fixed and the tags removed. ==Categories== * Categories [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CategoryTree?target=Category%3AActors&mode=categories&namespaces= here] (Category Tree, "Actors") : "middlin" >> "medium" "middlin" refers tae wecht, size or ability. In thon categories, it is bein uised tae refer tae kinds o media sae sud be uisin "medium" (the singular o media) * Unuised categories - [[Special:Unusedcategories]] {{en}} The categories on this page are empty, and may be suitable for deletion. If the category is suitable for deletion, then place <nowiki>{{delete|tuim category}}</nowiki> on the category page. ==References== * Aw airticles wantin soorces [[:Category:Airticles wantin soorces]] Wanst ye'r happ wi it, dicht the box at the tap o the aiticle thit says "This airticle disnae cite ony references or soorces." {| class="wikitable" |+ Unsoorced airticles ! Month !! Nummer |- | Nov 2025 (13.11.25) || 321 |- | Oct 2025 (21.10) || 344 |- | Juin 2025 (24.06) || 382 |- | Mey 2025 (27.05) || 398 |- | Mairch 2025 (27.03) || 396 |- | Februar 2025 || 420 |- | Januar 2025 || 445 |- | Dizember 2024 || 435 |- | Novemmer 2024 || 456 |} {{en}} Note - the number of articles tagged as unsourced will fluctuate as articles are newly tagged in addition to articles being fixed and the tags removed. == {{en}} Interwiki links == Some articles, instead of linking to sco.wiki articles, link to en.wiki articles. This is far from ideal. These should be replaced with sco.wiki links, or de-linked as appropriate. * Remove unnecessary en.wiki links from sco.wiki articles. :* Go to [[Special:Search]] :* Search for '''insource:"en" insource:/\[\[:en:/''' :* Click on any article link, and search within the article for ":en:". :* Check if en.wiki article exists on sco.wiki :* If it does, replace with sco.wiki link (ie, remove ":en:" part of the link.) :* If it does not, remove en.wiki link and leave as plain text. {| class="wikitable" |+ en.wiki links ! Month !! Number |- | August 2026 || |- | Julie 2026 || 1339 |} emzk818b1ofknhcolfmbid7lhh1ejk6 921068 920913 2026-08-18T08:50:36Z Lirazelf 27464 (en) adding section 921068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite/Tab header}} ==Leid== * Sort oot aw the airticles in [[:Category:Pages that wis written by a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid]] Thare ur '''2323''' articles on the wiki thit are still tagged as needin thair Scots sortit, an '''1382''' (28 Juin 2026) o'aim ur stubs. Mony o thaim are juist a coople o lines lang, so we'v got a really guid opportunity here tae dae a big dent in that nummer! '''Stubs''' - Ony frae [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?show_disambiguation_pages=both&manual_list_wiki=&max_sitelink_count=&langs_labels_any=&search_query=&langs_labels_yes=&cb_labels_yes_l=1&labels_any=&referrer_url=&cb_labels_no_l=1&search_wiki=&search_filter=&sitelinks_yes=&ores_prob_from=&page_image=any&langs_labels_no=&min_sitelink_count=&links_to_no=&wikidata_prop_item_use=&language=sco&depth=1&search_max_results=500&ns%5B0%5D=1&format=html&links_to_any=&categories=Pages+that+wis+written+by+a+body+that+haesna+a+guid+grip+on+the+leid%0D%0AAw+stub+airticles&after=&sitelinks_any=&ores_prediction=any&smaller=&before=&project=wikipedia&cb_labels_any_l=1&wpiu=any&output_compatability=catscan&interface_language=en&namespace_conversion=keep&sparql=&larger=&show_soft_redirects=both&common_wiki=auto&doit= this list.] Wanst ye'r happ wi it, dicht the box at the tap o the aiticle thit says "The 'Scots' thit wis uised in this airticle wis written bi a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid." {| class="wikitable" |+ Template:Fix Scots airticles ! Month !! Nummer || Stubs |- | Juin 2026 || 2323 || 1382 |- | Jan 2026 || 2325 ||1389 |- | Nov 2025 || 2353 || 1414 |- | Oct 2025 || 2402 || 1450 |- | Julie 2025 || 2428 || 1468 |- | Juin 2025 || 2437 || 1477 |- | Mey 2025 || 2443 || 1481 |- | Mairch 2025 || 2450 || 1480 |- | Februar 2025 || 2487 || 1524 |- | Januar 2025 || 2488 || 1530 |- | Dizember 2024 || 2495 || 1537 |- | Novemmer 2024 || 2502 || 1543 |- | Mairch 2023 || 2427 || 1613 |} {{en}} Note - the number of articles tagged with FixScots will fluctuate as articles are newly tagged in addition to articles being fixed and the tags removed. ==Categories== * Categories [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CategoryTree?target=Category%3AActors&mode=categories&namespaces= here] (Category Tree, "Actors") : "middlin" >> "medium" "middlin" refers tae wecht, size or ability. In thon categories, it is bein uised tae refer tae kinds o media sae sud be uisin "medium" (the singular o media) * Unuised categories - [[Special:Unusedcategories]] {{en}} The categories on this page are empty, and may be suitable for deletion. If the category is suitable for deletion, then place <nowiki>{{delete|tuim category}}</nowiki> on the category page. ==References== * Aw airticles wantin soorces [[:Category:Airticles wantin soorces]] Wanst ye'r happ wi it, dicht the box at the tap o the aiticle thit says "This airticle disnae cite ony references or soorces." {| class="wikitable" |+ Unsoorced airticles ! Month !! Nummer |- | Nov 2025 (13.11.25) || 321 |- | Oct 2025 (21.10) || 344 |- | Juin 2025 (24.06) || 382 |- | Mey 2025 (27.05) || 398 |- | Mairch 2025 (27.03) || 396 |- | Februar 2025 || 420 |- | Januar 2025 || 445 |- | Dizember 2024 || 435 |- | Novemmer 2024 || 456 |} {{en}} Note - the number of articles tagged as unsourced will fluctuate as articles are newly tagged in addition to articles being fixed and the tags removed. == {{en}} Interwiki links == Some articles, instead of linking to sco.wiki articles, link to en.wiki articles. This is far from ideal. These should be replaced with sco.wiki links, or de-linked as appropriate. * Remove unnecessary en.wiki links from sco.wiki articles. :* Go to [[Special:Search]] :* Search for '''insource:"en" insource:/\[\[:en:/''' :* Click on any article link, and search within the article for ":en:". :* Check if en.wiki article exists on sco.wiki :* If it does, replace with sco.wiki link (ie, remove ":en:" part of the link.) :* If it does not, remove en.wiki link and leave as plain text. {| class="wikitable" |+ en.wiki links ! Month !! Number |- | August 2026 || |- | Julie 2026 || 1339 |} == {{en}} Removing bad / unreliable sources == * Citations to the Daily Mail newspaper should be removed and replaced. :* Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=dailymail.co.uk this search link] to identify any citations leading to the Daily Mail, and replace with a reliable source. * Citations to archive.today should be removed and replaced. :* Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=archive.today this search link] to identify any archive.today citations, and replace. Sco.wiki is following en.wiki's restrictions on this source, which can be read about on the en.wiki [[:en:Archive.today#Attack on Gyrovague and Wikipedia's restrictions|article here.]] 71to18u7eylp1gr7ig46awtvbzvw7tc 921069 921068 2026-08-18T08:54:12Z Lirazelf 27464 /* References */ update nummer 921069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite/Tab header}} ==Leid== * Sort oot aw the airticles in [[:Category:Pages that wis written by a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid]] Thare ur '''2323''' articles on the wiki thit are still tagged as needin thair Scots sortit, an '''1382''' (28 Juin 2026) o'aim ur stubs. Mony o thaim are juist a coople o lines lang, so we'v got a really guid opportunity here tae dae a big dent in that nummer! '''Stubs''' - Ony frae [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?show_disambiguation_pages=both&manual_list_wiki=&max_sitelink_count=&langs_labels_any=&search_query=&langs_labels_yes=&cb_labels_yes_l=1&labels_any=&referrer_url=&cb_labels_no_l=1&search_wiki=&search_filter=&sitelinks_yes=&ores_prob_from=&page_image=any&langs_labels_no=&min_sitelink_count=&links_to_no=&wikidata_prop_item_use=&language=sco&depth=1&search_max_results=500&ns%5B0%5D=1&format=html&links_to_any=&categories=Pages+that+wis+written+by+a+body+that+haesna+a+guid+grip+on+the+leid%0D%0AAw+stub+airticles&after=&sitelinks_any=&ores_prediction=any&smaller=&before=&project=wikipedia&cb_labels_any_l=1&wpiu=any&output_compatability=catscan&interface_language=en&namespace_conversion=keep&sparql=&larger=&show_soft_redirects=both&common_wiki=auto&doit= this list.] Wanst ye'r happ wi it, dicht the box at the tap o the aiticle thit says "The 'Scots' thit wis uised in this airticle wis written bi a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid." {| class="wikitable" |+ Template:Fix Scots airticles ! Month !! Nummer || Stubs |- | Juin 2026 || 2323 || 1382 |- | Jan 2026 || 2325 ||1389 |- | Nov 2025 || 2353 || 1414 |- | Oct 2025 || 2402 || 1450 |- | Julie 2025 || 2428 || 1468 |- | Juin 2025 || 2437 || 1477 |- | Mey 2025 || 2443 || 1481 |- | Mairch 2025 || 2450 || 1480 |- | Februar 2025 || 2487 || 1524 |- | Januar 2025 || 2488 || 1530 |- | Dizember 2024 || 2495 || 1537 |- | Novemmer 2024 || 2502 || 1543 |- | Mairch 2023 || 2427 || 1613 |} {{en}} Note - the number of articles tagged with FixScots will fluctuate as articles are newly tagged in addition to articles being fixed and the tags removed. ==Categories== * Categories [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CategoryTree?target=Category%3AActors&mode=categories&namespaces= here] (Category Tree, "Actors") : "middlin" >> "medium" "middlin" refers tae wecht, size or ability. In thon categories, it is bein uised tae refer tae kinds o media sae sud be uisin "medium" (the singular o media) * Unuised categories - [[Special:Unusedcategories]] {{en}} The categories on this page are empty, and may be suitable for deletion. If the category is suitable for deletion, then place <nowiki>{{delete|tuim category}}</nowiki> on the category page. ==References== * Aw airticles wantin soorces [[:Category:Airticles wantin soorces]] Wanst ye'r happ wi it, dicht the box at the tap o the aiticle thit says "This airticle disnae cite ony references or soorces." {| class="wikitable" |+ Unsoorced airticles ! Month !! Nummer |- | Aug 2026 (18.08.26) || 354 |- | Nov 2025 (13.11.25) || 321 |- | Oct 2025 (21.10) || 344 |- | Juin 2025 (24.06) || 382 |- | Mey 2025 (27.05) || 398 |- | Mairch 2025 (27.03) || 396 |- | Februar 2025 || 420 |- | Januar 2025 || 445 |- | Dizember 2024 || 435 |- | Novemmer 2024 || 456 |} {{en}} Note - the number of articles tagged as unsourced will fluctuate as articles are newly tagged in addition to articles being fixed and the tags removed. == {{en}} Interwiki links == Some articles, instead of linking to sco.wiki articles, link to en.wiki articles. This is far from ideal. 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Number |- | August 2026 || |- | Julie 2026 || 1339 |} == {{en}} Removing bad / unreliable sources == * Citations to the Daily Mail newspaper should be removed and replaced. :* Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=dailymail.co.uk this search link] to identify any citations leading to the Daily Mail, and replace with a reliable source. * Citations to archive.today should be removed and replaced. :* Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=archive.today this search link] to identify any archive.today citations, and replace. Sco.wiki is following en.wiki's restrictions on this source, which can be read about on the en.wiki [[:en:Archive.today#Attack on Gyrovague and Wikipedia's restrictions|article here.]] 4ofi5ui7s7ktql5xk24g3ao32gn3o9i 0 233267 921058 920105 2026-08-18T06:38:41Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 921058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie |name= Christophe Maé |image= Christophe Maé NRJ Music Awards 2012.jpg |caption= Maé at the [[NRJ Music Awards]] 2012 |birth_name= Christophe Martichon |birth_date= {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1975|10|16}} |birth_place= [[Carpentras]], [[Vaucluse]], Fraunce |occupation= Sangster |years active= 2005–present |module= {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed=yes | background = solo_singer | instrument = {{hlist|Guitar|violin|harmonica|drums}} | Genre = {{hlist|[[Pop muisic|Pop]]|[[reggae]]|[[Soul muisic|soul]]|[[Jazz|jazz]]|[[blues]]|[[funk]]|[[Rhythm and blues|R&B]]|[[Country muisic|country]]}} | associated_acts = | label = Warner Music France }} |website= {{Offeecial wabsteid|https://www.christophe-mae.fr/}} }} '''Christophe Martichon''' ({{IPA-fr|kʁistɔf maʁtiʃɔ̃}}; born 16 October 1975), kent professionally as '''Christophe Maé''', is a [[Pop muisic|French pop]] sangster. == Career == Maé lairnt tae pley the violin at age five, an later begound pleyin the guitar an [[harmonica]] at age 16 efter he wis immobilised frae chronic [[polyarthritis]]. He haes statit that this wis the time whan he diskivert [[Stevie Wonder]]'s muisic whilk inspirt him tae tak up pleyin the harmonica. He forby diskivert [[Bob Marley]]'s muisic tae wham, yeirs later, he dedicates a sang: "Mon père spirituel". It is at the same period that he stairtit pleyin the [[guitar]]. In 2005 he rase tae fame bi pleyin the role o Monsieur, brither o Keeng [[Louis XIV o Fraunce|Louis XIV]] in the muisical "[[Le Roi Soleil (muisical)|Le Roi Soleil]]", fur whilk he wan the [[NRJ Music Award]] fur revelation o the yeir 2006. === Lowses === Maé's furst album wis enteetled ''Sa Danse Donne'', an lowsed in 2002–2003. This album is nae considert his furst studio album. He lowsed his furst studio album, ''Mon paradis'' on 19 Mairch 2007, wi the singles "On s'attache", "Parce qu'on sait jamais" an "Ça fait mal". His fowert single is "Belle Demoiselle". ''[[Mon Paradis]]'' wis Fraunce's seicont best-sellin album o 2007 efter ''[[Life in Cartoon Motion]]'' bi [[Mika (sangster)|Mika]], sellin mair nor 1 600 000 album tae date. In 2010, Maé's seicont studio album, ''On trace la route'', wis lowsed. It haes sauld mair nor 600,000 unit tae date.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Du diamant pour Christophe Maé - Nrj Music Awards.fr|url=http://nrjmusicawards.nrj.fr/news-3383/article/252775-du-diamant-pour-christophe-mae.html|access-date=2026-03-30|website=nrjmusicawards.nrj.fr|language=fr}}</ref> In 2013, Maé's thrid studio album "Je veux du bonheur ", wis lowsed. It rankit nummer ane o the tap French album durin its furst week o lowse wi 103,680 unit tae date.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-20|title=Christophe Maé enchaîne avec le titre "Je veux du bonheur", son nouveau single|url=https://www.chartsinfrance.net/Christophe-Mae/news-86399.html|access-date=2026-03-30|website=chartsinfrance.net}}</ref> The album wis sauld mair nor 500,000 unit tae date in Julie 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-07-12|title=Christophe Maé: "Je tweete une photo à la fin de chaque concert"|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/christophe-mae-je-tweete-une-photo-a-la-fin-de-chaque-concert_1559045.html|access-date=2026-03-30|website=L'Express|language=fr}}</ref> In 2016, Maé's fowert studio album "L'attrape-rêves ", wis lowsed. It rankit nummer ane o the tap French album fur 5 week. Until the end o 2016, it haes sauld 300,000 unit tae date.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-31|title=Les albums 2016 : Christophe Maé cherche le bonheur sur "L'attrape-rêves"|url=https://www.chartsinfrance.net/Christophe-Mae/news-103279.html|access-date=2026-03-30|website=chartsinfrance.net}}</ref> == Muisical style == Maé's muisic is maistly acoustic. He haes citit [[Bob Marley]], [[Ben Harper]], [[Tracy Chapman]], an [[Jack Johnson (muisicker)|Jack Johnson]] as weel as French sangster-sangwriters [[Francis Cabrel]] an [[Gérald de Palmas]] as muisical influences. As a [[Coontertenor|coonter-tenor]] his vyce haes a range frae A2 tae F6. He allegedly begound tae lairn harmonica as a tribute tae [[Stevie Wonder]], wha is commonly citit as his maistly influence muisically. == Personal life == Christophe Maé haes twa sons, Jules (born Mairch 2008) an Marcel (born August 2013), wi his then-langtime lassfreind Nadège Sarron.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Christophe Maé est papa !|url=https://www.paperblog.fr/541194/christophe-mae-est-papa/|access-date=2026-03-30|website=Paperblog|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Purepeople|date=2013-08-23|title=Christophe Maé et Nadège : Parents d'un petit Marcel !|url=https://www.purepeople.com/article/christophe-mae-et-nadege-parents-d-un-petit-marcel_a126792/1|access-date=2026-03-30|website=www.purepeople.com}}</ref> Sarron operates a dance schuil whilk she foondit in [[Aix-en-Provence]], whaur she bides wi her sons. Maé warks half the week in Paris, an reunitit wi his faimily the rest o the time in the Sooth.<ref>{{Cite web|last=magictr|date=2017-07-07|title=PHOTOS – Christophe Maé husband filled : that is Nadège Sarron his wife ? – Gala {{!}} The Siver Times|url=https://sivertimes.com/photos-christophe-mae-husband-filled-that-is-nadege-sarron-his-wife-gala/48666|access-date=2026-03-30|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125034103/https://sivertimes.com/photos-christophe-mae-husband-filled-that-is-nadege-sarron-his-wife-gala/48666|url-status=dead}}</ref> He finally proposed tae Nadège in 2016 throu his sang "Ballerine", an the couple marriet in [[Porto-Vecchio]] on 29 Juin 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Purepeople|date=2017-07-06|title=Christophe Maé et Nadège ont célébré leur mariage en Corse, au bord de l'eau|url=https://www.purepeople.com/article/christophe-mae-et-nadege-ont-celebre-leur-mariage-en-corse-au-bord-de-l-eau_a242608/1|access-date=2026-03-30|website=www.purepeople.com}}</ref> ==Philanthropy== Maé haes been a memmer o the [[Les Enfoirés]] chairity ensemble syne 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Enfoirés : Enfoiréthèque|url=http://www.enfoires.com/enfoiretheque/enfoires/enfoires.php?nom=mae&lg=fr|access-date=2026-03-30|website=www.enfoires.com|archive-date=2017-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224052943/http://www.enfoires.com/enfoiretheque/enfoires/enfoires.php?nom=mae&lg=fr|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Discography== [[Image:Christoph Mae.jpg|thumb|right|235px|Christophe Maé (2011)]] ===Studio albums=== {| class="wikitable" !align="center" rowspan="2"|Yeir !align="center" rowspan="2"|Information !align="center" colspan="6"|Chairts !align="center" rowspan="2"|Certification |- !width="40"|<small>[[SNEP|FR]]<br><ref name=lescharts>{{Cite web|url=http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Christophe+Ma%EF%BF%BD|title=lescharts.com - Discographie Christophe Ma�|website=Lescharts.com|access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref></small> !width="60"|<small>[[Fraunce|FR]]<br>(DL)</small> !width="40"|<small>[[Ultratop|BEL<br>(Fl)]]</small> !width="40"|<small>[[Ultratop|BEL<br>(Wa)]]</small><br><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ultratop.be/fr/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Christophe+Ma%E9|title=Discographie Christophe Maé|website=Ultratop.be|access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref> !width="40"|<small>[[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]]<br><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/christophe-mae/chart-history/canadian-albums|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515093533/https://www.billboard.com/music/christophe-mae/chart-history/canadian-albums|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 May 2018|title=Christophe Maé Chart History: Canadian Albums|magazine=Billboard|access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref></small> !width="40"|<small>[[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]</small><br><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hitparade.ch/album/Christophe-Mae/La-vie-d'artiste-391083|title=Christophe Maé – La vie d'artiste|website=Hitparade.ch|access-date=6 November 2019}}</ref> |- |2008 |''[[Mon paradis]]'' |{{center|1}} |{{center|1}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|1}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|18}} |<small>Fraunce: Diamond<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.disqueenfrance.com/certifications/album.asp?forme_certif=15&annee=25 |title=Musique sur Disque en France (SNEP) : Top 50, telechargement legal, droit d'auteur |access-date=8 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204183631/http://www.disqueenfrance.com/certifications/album.asp?forme_certif=15&annee=25 |archive-date=4 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref></small> |- |2008 |''[[Comme à la maison]]'' <small>(Acoustic album)</small> |{{center|1}} |{{center|8}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|1}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|13}} |<small>Fraunce: 2× Platinum</small> |- |2010 |''On trace la route'' |{{center|1}} |{{center|1}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|1}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|3}} |<small>Fraunce: Diamond</small><ref name=":0" /> |- |2013 |''Je veux du bonheur'' |{{center|1}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|32}} |{{center|1}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|4}} | |- |2016 |''L'attrape-rêves'' |{{center|1}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|49}} |{{center|1}} |{{center|9}} |{{center|2}} |<small>Fraunce: 2× Platinum</small> |- |2019 |''La vie d'artiste''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/la-vie-dartiste/1478613593|title=La vie d'artiste by Christophe Maé on Apple Music|website=[[iTunes]]|access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref> |{{center|2}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|2}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|6}} | |- |2023 |''C'est drôle la vie'' |{{center|3<br /><ref>{{cite tweet|user=snep|number=1639251134522224640|title=En exclusivité, voici les 10 premiers du Top Albums de la semaine ! 💿 Classement complet lundi|access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref>}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|4}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|11}} | |- |2026 |''Fete Foraine'' |{{center|3}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/les-tops/le-top-de-la-semaine/top-albums/?semaine=13?&annee=2026&categorie=Top%20Albums|title=Top Albums (Week 13, 2026)|publisher=Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|language=French|access-date=30 March 2026}}</ref> |{{center|-}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|-}} |} ===Live album=== {| class="wikitable" !align="center" rowspan="2"|Yeir !align="center" rowspan="2"|Information !align="center" colspan="4"|Chairts |- !width="40"|<small>[[SNEP|FR]]<br><ref name="lescharts"/></small> !width="60"|<small>[[Fraunce|FR]] <br>(DL)</small> !width="40"|<small>[[Ultratop|BEL <br>(Fl)]]</small> !width="40"|<small>[[Ultratop|BEL <br>(Wa)]]</small> |- |2009 |''Comme à la maison'' (Live) <br>(2-CD set wi ''[[Mon paradis]]'') |{{center|181}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|-}} |{{center|-}} |- |2011 |''On trace la route – Le live'' |{{center|1}} |{{center|6}} |{{center|99}} |{{center|1}} |} ===Singles=== {| class="wikitable" ! width="50" rowspan="2"| Yeir ! width="190" rowspan="2"| Teetle ! colspan="5"|Chairt poseetions ! width="170" rowspan="2"| Album |- bgcolor="#DDDDDD" ! width="20"| <small>[[SNEP|FR]]<br><ref name=lescharts/></small> ! width="20"| <small>[[Fraunce|FR]] (DL)</small> ! width="20"| <small>[[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]</small> ! width="20"| <small>[[Ultratop|BEL<br>(Fl)]]</small> ! width="20"| <small>[[Ultratop|BEL<br>(Wa)]]</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ultratop.be/fr/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Christophe+Ma%E9|title=Discographie Christophe Maé|publisher=[[Ultratop]]|access-date=29 March 2026}}</ref> |- |align="center" rowspan="3"|2007 |align="left"|"[[On s'attache]]" |align="center"|1 |align="center"|2 |align="center"|27 |align="center"|- |align="center"|4 |align="center" rowspan="4"|''Mon paradis'' |- |align="left"|"Parce qu'on ne sait jamais" |align="center"|6 |align="center"|12 |align="center"|52 |align="center"|- |align="center"|10 |- |align="left"|"Ça fait mal" |align="center"|138 |align="center"|3 |align="center"|85 |align="center"|- |align="center"|16 |- |align="center" rowspan="3"|2008 |align="left"|"Belle Demoiselle" |align="center"|13 |align="center"|13 |align="center"|74 |align="center"|- |align="center"|10 |- |align="left"|"C'est ma terre" |align="center"|- |align="center"|11 |align="center"|91 |align="center"|- |align="center"|18 |align="center" rowspan="2"|''Comme à la maison'' |- |align="left"|"Mon p'tit gars" |align="center"|2 |align="center"|18 |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|33 |- |align="center" rowspan=2|2009 |align="left"|"[[Je n'attendais que vous]]" <br><small>(Maé, [[Catherine Lara|Lara]], [[Maurane]], [[Patrick Bruel|Bruel]], La Chorale des Voisins du Dessus)</small> |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|38 |align="center" rowspan="1"| |- |align="left"|"[[Dingue, dingue, dingue]]" |align="center"|1 |align="center"|3 |align="center"|30 |align="center"|- |align="center"|4 |align="center" rowspan="5"|''On trace la route'' |- |align="center" rowspan="3"|2010 |align="left"|"J'ai laissé" |align="center"|- |align="center"|2 |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|16 |- |align="left"|"Je me lâche" |align="center"|- |align="center"|16 |align="center"|47 |align="center"|- |align="center"|12 |- |align="left"|"Pourquoi c'est beau" |align="center"|- |align="center"|33 |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |- |align="center" rowspan=2|2011 |align="left"|"La rumeur" |align="center"|53 |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|4<br><small>(Ultratip)</small> |- |align="left"|"Un peu de blues" |align="center"|29 |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|24 | |- |align="center" rowspan=4|2013 |align="left"|"Tombé sous le charme" |align="center"|11 |align="center"|- |align="center"|38 |align="center"|82 <br><small>(Ultratip)</small> |align="center"|7 |align="center" rowspan=5|''Je veux du bonheur'' |- |align="left"|"Je veux du bonheur" |align="center"|90 |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|4<br><small>(Ultratip)</small> |- | align="left" |"La poupée" |align="center"|40 |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|2<br><small>(Ultratip)</small> |- |align="left"|"Ne t'en fais pas" |align="center"|200 |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |- |align="center"|2014 |align="left"|"Ma douleur, ma peine" |align="center"|144 |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |- |align="center" rowspan="3"|2016 |align="left"|"Il est oú le bonheur" |align="center"|4 |align="center"|- |align="center"|70 |align="center"|- |align="center"|14 |align="center" rowspan="4"|''L'attrape-rêves'' |- |align="left"|"La vallée des larmes" |align="center"|199 |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |- |align="left"|"La Parisienne" |align="center"|111<br /> |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|30 |- |align="center"|2017 |align="left"|"Marcel" |align="center"|95<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snepmusique.com/tops-semaine/top-singles-telecharges/?ye=2017&we=22|title=Le Top de la semaine : Top Singles Téléchargés – SNEP (Week 22, 2017)|publisher=Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|language=fr|access-date=3 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610054200/http://www.snepmusique.com/tops-semaine/top-singles-telecharges/?ye=2017&we=22|archive-date=10 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |- |align="center"|2019 |align="left"|"Les gens" |align="center"|160<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snepmusique.com/tops-semaine/top-singles-megafusion/?ye=2019&we=44|title=Le Top de la semaine : Top Singles (téléchargement + streaming) – SNEP (Week 44, 2019)|publisher=[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique]]|language=fr|access-date=5 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105234548/http://www.snepmusique.com/tops-semaine/top-singles-megafusion/?ye=2019&we=44|archive-date=5 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|11 |align="center"| ''La vie d'artiste'' |- |align="center"|2021 |align="left"|"Y'a du soleil" |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|23 |align="center"| |- |align="center"|2022 |align="left"|"Pays des merveilles"<br />{{small|(wi Ceuzany)}} |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|20 |align="center"| |- |align="center"|2026 |align="left"|"La lune" |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|- |align="center"|16 |align="center"| |} ==Awairds== *[[NRJ Music Award]] ** 2007: French revelation o the yeir ** 2008: French male airtist o the yeir ** 2008: French sang o the yeir fur "[[On s'attache]]" ** 2009: French male airtist o the yeir ** 2009: French sang o the yeir fur "Belle demoiselle" ** 2013: NRJ Awaird o Honor ** 2016: Video o the yeir fur "Il est où le bonheur" *[[Victoires de la Musique]] ** 2008: Public revelation o the yeir *[[World Music Awards]] ** 2008: French airtist o the yeir *Ithers ** 2008: Winner o sang o the yeir on [[TF1]] ** 2014: Winner o sang o the yeir on [[TF1]] ==References== {{Reflist}} == Fremmit airtins == {{sister project links|d=Q1086377|q=no|c=category:Christophe Maé|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}} * [http://www.christophe-mae.fr/ Offeecial Wabsteid] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mae, Christophe}} [[Category:1975 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Carpentras]] [[Category:French-leid sangsters]] [[Category:French male pop sangsters]] [[Category:World Music Awards winners]] [[Category:21st-century French male sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century French sangsters]] dksqgoykap3c0wggp3612dyjj8rip4u 0 233730 921021 919523 2026-08-17T23:12:00Z SyntaxTerror 22860 recent SVG logo 921021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox newspaper | name = Belfast Telegraph | image = Logo Befast Telegraph.svg | type = Daily [[newspaper]] (except Sundays) | format = [[Compack (newspaper)|Compack]] | owners = [[Mediahuis Ireland]] | founder = {{ubl|William Baird|George Baird}} | editor = Martin Breen <ref>{{cite news|last=Linford|first=Paul|date=2025-12-17|title=Regional daily editor steps down after six years in post|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2025/news/regional-daily-editor-steps-down-after-six-years-in-post/|work=Hold the Front Page}}</ref> | language = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] | headquarters = Belfast Telegraph House <br /> 33 Clarendon Road <br /> [[Bilfawst]], Northren Ireland | oclc = 37380368 | website = {{URL|belfasttelegraph.co.uk}} | sister newspapers = [[Sunday Life (newspaper)|''Sunday Life'']] | political = [[Breetish unionism]] | ISSN = 0307-5664 | foundation = 1870 }} [[File:Belfast Telegraph, July 2010 (01).JPG|thumb|Aulder ''Belfast Telegraph'' offices, Julie 2010]] The '''''Belfast Telegraph''''' is a daily newspaper published in [[Bilfawst]], Northren Ireland. Furst published in 1870 as the '''''Belfast Evening Telegraph''''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2026-05-11|title=Introducing: Our new 156-year Belfast Telegraph newspaper archives show how we told the stories that shaped NI|language=en-GB|work=Belfast Telegraph|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/from-the-archive/introducing-our-new-156-year-belfast-telegraph-newspaper-archives-show-how-we-told-the-stories-that-shaped-ni/a/151384113.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-18|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> as 2020 its editor wis Eoin Brannigan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Slattery|first=Laura|date=2020-04-24|title=Eoin Brannigan appointed new editor-in-chief of Belfast Telegraph|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/media-and-marketing/eoin-brannigan-appointed-new-editor-in-chief-of-belfast-telegraph-1.4236946|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-18|website=[[The Irish Times]]|language=en}}</ref> Reflectin its [[Unionism in Ireland|unionist]] tradeetion, the paper haes historically been "favoured bi the [[Protestantism|Protestant]] population", whiles forby bein read athin [[Catholic Kirk|Catholic]] [[Erse naitionalism|naitionalist]] commonties in Northren Ireland.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Belfast Telegraph|language=en|work=VoxEurop.eu|url=https://voxeurop.eu/en/content/source-profile/113911-belfast-telegraph|access-date=2026-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dyson|first=Steve|date=2015-04-23|title=Dyson at Large: Religion drives UK's biggest regional print market|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2015/news/dyson-at-large-religion-drives-uks-biggest-regional-print/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-18|website=Hold the Front Page|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gosling|first=Paul|title=Belfast's Newcomers|url=http://www.globaljournalist.org/magazine/2005-2/belfast.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-18|website=Global Journalist}}</ref> Awned bi [[Mediahuis Ireland|Independent News and Media]] (INM), a Dublin-based media company, frae 2000,<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=2000-03-17|title=Independent News and Media acquire the Belfast Telegraph|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2000/0317/6086-telegraph/|journal=rte.ie|language=en|access-date=2026-07-18}}</ref> the INM group o newspapers wis gotten bi [[Mediahuis Ireland]] in 2019.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=2019-07-31|title=Belfast Telegraph parent group INM sold to Belgian firm|language=en-GB|work=bbc.com|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-49181394|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-18}}</ref> Mediahuis Ireland forby publishes the ''[[Irish Independent]]'', the ''[[Sunday Independent (Ireland)|Sunday Independent]]'' an mony ither newspapers an magazines in Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History|url=https://www.mediahuis.ie/about-us/history|access-date=2026-07-18|website=Mediahuis Ireland|language=en}}</ref> In 2012, the newspaper muived tae bein exclusively a forenuin anly publication an, as o 2024, nae langer revealed circulation feegurs (sales feegurs), but raither lowses the nummer o readers "reakit" daily. In 2024, Mediahuis statit that the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis "reakin 143,311 reader" per day. == History == The newspaper wis furst published as the ''Belfast Evening Telegraph'' on 1 September 1870 bi brithers William an George Baird.<ref name=":0" /> Its furst edition cost hauf a penny an ran tae fower page kiverin the [[Franco-Prussian War]] an local news. The forenicht edition o the newspaper wis oreeginally cried the "Sixth Late", an "Sixth Late Tele" wis a faimiliar cry makkit bi vendors in [[Bilfawst Ceety Centre|Bilfawst ceety centre]] in the past. Local editions wis published fur distribution tae [[Enniskillen]], [[Dundalk]], [[Newry]], an [[Londonderry]]. Its competitors are ''[[News Letter|The News Letter]]'' an ''[[The Irish News]]'', an local editions o Lunnon-based [[Tabloid jurnalism|reid taps]] compete in this mercat an aa, in some cases sellin at a chaiper price nor the "Tele". Bytimes descrieved as haein "unionist leanins",<ref>{{Cite web|last=Unsworth|first=Monika|date=1999-08-03|title=Reading between the lines|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/reading-between-the-lines-1.213093|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-18|website=[[The Irish Times]]|language=en}}</ref> an operatin an editorial policy supportive o "moderate unionism",<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mcgrath|first=Brendan|date=2000-02-09|title=Bids lodged for upcoming sale of `Belfast Telegraph'|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/bids-lodged-for-upcoming-sale-of-belfast-telegraph-1.243177|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-18|website=[[The Irish Times]]|language=en}}</ref> the ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis bocht bi the Dublin-based [[Mediahuis Ireland|Independent News & Media]] (INM) group in Mairch 2000.<ref name=":1" /> It wis INM's anly prent title ootside o the Republic o Ireland. The ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis entirely braidsheet till 19 Februar 2005, whan the Seturday forenuin edition wis introduced an aw Seturday editions wis convertit tae compack. The weekday forenuin compack edition wis launched on 22 Mairch 2005. In 2015, the newspaper launched the magazine supplement ''Family Life''. The INM group o newspapers, includin the ''Belfast Telegraph'', wis gotten bi [[Mediahuis Ireland]] (in turn awned bi the Belgian company [[Mediahuis|Mediahuis Partners NV]]) in 2019.<ref name=":2" /> As o 2026, the paper wis publishin twa editions daily, ''Belfast Telegraph'' final edition an the ''North West Telegraph'' that is distributit in [[Londonderry]]. == Awairds == The ''Belfast Telegraph'' wis named as Best UK Regional Newspaper o the Year 2012 bi the Society o Editors Regional Press Awairds. == Circulation == Reflectin a [[Decline o newspapers|decline in newspaper sales]] generally, circulation o the ''Belfast Telegraph'' haes declined as o the early 21st century, frae 109,571 fur the period Julie tae December 2002,<ref name="circ2002">{{cite web|url = http://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/11101343.pdf | website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2002 – Belfast Telegraph – Evening | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref> tae 31,340 fur the same period in 2019.<ref name="circ2019">{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/49625327.pdf| website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2019 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref> {{Bar chart|title=|table_width=35|label_type=Year (period)|data_type=Average circulation per issue|data1=109,571|label1=2002 (Julie tae December)<ref name="circ2002"/>|data2=68,024|label2=2009 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2009/news/abc-figures-all-regional-dailies-fall-in-circulation/ |title=ABC Figures: All regional dailies fall in circulation – Journalism News from |publisher=HoldtheFrontPage |date= 2009 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data3=58,491|label3=2010 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2011/feb/18/abcs-ireland |title=Belfast Telegraph sales fall further |work=[[The Guardian]] |date= 2011-02-18 |access-date=2026-07-16|author= Greenslade, Roy|author-link = Roy Greenslade}}</ref>|data4=53,847|label4=2012 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/dailies-down-in-latest-northern-ireland-abcs/ |title=Dailies down in latest Northern Ireland ABCs |work=[[Press Gazette]] |date=2012-08-23 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data5=49,228|label5=2013 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2013/aug/22/ireland-abcs |title=Irish Times sale falls by 9% and Irish News overtakes the Belfast Telegraph |work=[[The Guardian]] |date= 2013-08-22 |access-date=2026-07-16|author= Greenslade, Roy|author-link= Roy Greenslade}}</ref>|data6=45,905|label6=2014 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/regional-daily-newspaper-abcs-second-half-2014-paid-titles-lose-average-10-cent-circulations-year/ |title=UK regional dailies see sales decline by average of 10 per cent year on year |work=[[Press Gazette]] |date=2015-02-25 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data7=44,141|label7=2015 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2015/aug/21/irelands-newspapers-suffer-continuing-slide-in-circulations |title=Ireland's newspapers suffer continuing slide in circulations |work=[[The Guardian ]]|date= 2015-08-21 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data8=41,912|label8=2016 (Januar tae Juin)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holdthefrontpage.co.uk/2016/news/northern-irish-dailies-all-see-declines-of-at-least-5pc/ |title=ABC Figures for island of Ireland announced – Journalism News from |publisher=HoldtheFrontPage |date=2016 |access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref>|data9=36,403|label9=2017 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/48776424.pdf| website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2017 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref>|data10=33,951|label10=2018 (Julie tae December)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates/49254903.pdf | website = abc.org.uk | title = Circulation – Jul to Dec 2018 – Belfast Telegraph | access-date = 2026-07-16 }}</ref>|data11=31,340|label11=2019 (Julie tae December)<ref name="circ2019"/>}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{offeecial wabsteid}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Belfast Telegraph}} [[Category:1870 establishments in Ireland]] [[Category:Daily newspapers published in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Independent News & Media]] [[Category:Mass media in Bilfawst]] [[Category:Newspapers published in Northren Ireland]] [[Category:Newspapers established in 1870]] 0ym1j4tqgujc6butg7mcdej2dh0vzas 3 233830 921059 920432 2026-08-18T06:48:21Z SHB2000 82504 SHB2000 flittit page [[Uiser collogue:Font8388608]] til [[Uiser collogue:Pristome]]: Autæmateeclie muived page while renamin the uiser "[[Special:CentralAuth/Font8388608|Font8388608]]" tae "[[Special:CentralAuth/Pristome|Pristome]]" 920432 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, Font8388608, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Font8388608|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 19:18, 3 August 2026 (UTC) noa4ssjw7qh723modplxkzwe7pzqm16 0 233889 920886 2026-08-17T13:44:06Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Made page wi "Laitin pop (Spainish: pop latino), forby refert tae as Spainish-leid pop (Spainish: pop en español) or Portuguese-leid pop (Portuguese: pop em português), is a subgenre o popular muisic defined maistly as pop muisic performit in Spainish or Portuguese. Whiles its foondation lies in the structural an commercial conventions o internaitional pop muisic—memorable melodies, rhythmic reglarity, electric instrumentation, an braid appeal—it is aften enriched bi stylistic influe..." 920886 wikitext text/x-wiki Laitin pop (Spainish: pop latino), forby refert tae as Spainish-leid pop (Spainish: pop en español) or Portuguese-leid pop (Portuguese: pop em português), is a subgenre o popular muisic defined maistly as pop muisic performit in Spainish or Portuguese. Whiles its foondation lies in the structural an commercial conventions o internaitional pop muisic—memorable melodies, rhythmic reglarity, electric instrumentation, an braid appeal—it is aften enriched bi stylistic influences frae Laitin American an Ibeirien muisical tradeetions. Emergin frae Spainish-speakin muisickers, Laitin pop remeens distinct frae ither Laitin genres sic as rock en español, tropical, reggaeton, an dance, thou it mey incorporate elements o thir styles. In this sense, the fusion wi Laitin or Hispanic fowk genres is chairacteristic but secondary tae its central defineetion as pop muisic in Spainish. == History == Laitin pop furst reakit a global audience throu the wirk o baundleader Sergio Mendes in the mid-1960s, awtho airtists lik Carmen Miranda popularised Laitin samba muisic in Hollywood decades afore this. In later decades, it wis defined bi the romantic ballads that legendary airtists sic as Julio Iglesias or Roberto Carlos produced in the 1970s. Laitin pop is ane o the maist popular Laitin muisic genres today. Popular airtists include Los del Río, Jennifer Lopez, Alejandro Sanz, Thalía, Luis Miguel, Selena, Paulina Rubio, Shakira, Carlos Vives, Ricky Martin, Gloria Trevi an Enrique Iglesias. Ricky Martin is considered tae be the Keeng o Laitin Pop. 3o34upgt11b0clno0a432qdi9e9fvt8 920887 920886 2026-08-17T13:49:55Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920887 wikitext text/x-wiki Laitin pop (Spainish: pop latino), forby refert tae as Spainish-leid pop (Spainish: pop en español) or Portuguese-leid pop (Portuguese: pop em português), is a subgenre o popular muisic defined maistly as pop muisic performit in Spainish or Portuguese. Whiles its foondation lies in the structural an commercial conventions o internaitional pop muisic—memorable melodies, rhythmic reglarity, electric instrumentation, an braid appeal—it is aften enriched bi stylistic influences frae Laitin American an Ibeirien muisical tradeetions. Emergin frae Spainish-speakin muisickers, Laitin pop remeens distinct frae ither Laitin genres sic as rock en español, tropical, reggaeton, an dance, thou it mey incorporate elements o thir styles. In this sense, the fusion wi Laitin or Hispanic fowk genres is chairacteristic but secondary tae its central defineetion as pop muisic in Spainish. == History == Laitin pop furst reakit a global audience throu the wirk o baundleader Sergio Mendes in the mid-1960s, awtho airtists lik Carmen Miranda popularised Laitin samba muisic in Hollywood decades afore this. In later decades, it wis defined bi the romantic ballads that legendary airtists sic as Julio Iglesias or Roberto Carlos produced in the 1970s. Laitin pop is ane o the maist popular Laitin muisic genres today. Popular airtists include Los del Río, Jennifer Lopez, Alejandro Sanz, Thalía, Luis Miguel, Selena, Paulina Rubio, Shakira, Carlos Vives, Ricky Martin, Gloria Trevi an Enrique Iglesias. Ricky Martin is considered tae be the Keeng o Laitin Pop. ===Influences an development=== [[File:Ricky_Martin_in_store_appearance,_Sydney_Australia_(1).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Ricky Martin is an internaitional Puerto Rican sangster. He is considered tae be the Keeng o Laitin Pop.]]Laitin pop becam the maist popular form o Laitin muisic in the Unitit States durin the 1980s an 1990s, wi acks sic as Puerto Rican lad baund Menudo, even achievin massive crossower success amang nan-Latino listeners durin the late 1990s. Whiles nae restrictit tae Americae bi ony meens, Laitin pop wis profoondly affeckit bi production techniques an ither styles o muisic – baith Laitin an itherwise – that oreeginatit maistly in the Unitit States. Tejano muisic, centred in Texas an the Unitit States/Mexico mairch region, haed begun tae introduce synthesisers, slicker production, an a mair urban sensibility tae formerly ruit styles lik norteño an conjunto. p61fz1xq6r8jp8ue2tqxf18oey7ij5n 920888 920887 2026-08-17T14:01:49Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920888 wikitext text/x-wiki Laitin pop (Spainish: pop latino), forby refert tae as Spainish-leid pop (Spainish: pop en español) or Portuguese-leid pop (Portuguese: pop em português), is a subgenre o popular muisic defined maistly as pop muisic performit in Spainish or Portuguese. Whiles its foondation lies in the structural an commercial conventions o internaitional pop muisic—memorable melodies, rhythmic reglarity, electric instrumentation, an braid appeal—it is aften enriched bi stylistic influences frae Laitin American an Ibeirien muisical tradeetions. Emergin frae Spainish-speakin muisickers, Laitin pop remeens distinct frae ither Laitin genres sic as rock en español, tropical, reggaeton, an dance, thou it mey incorporate elements o thir styles. In this sense, the fusion wi Laitin or Hispanic fowk genres is chairacteristic but secondary tae its central defineetion as pop muisic in Spainish. == History == Laitin pop furst reakit a global audience throu the wirk o baundleader Sergio Mendes in the mid-1960s, awtho airtists lik Carmen Miranda popularised Laitin samba muisic in Hollywood decades afore this. In later decades, it wis defined bi the romantic ballads that legendary airtists sic as Julio Iglesias or Roberto Carlos produced in the 1970s. Laitin pop is ane o the maist popular Laitin muisic genres today. Popular airtists include Los del Río, Jennifer Lopez, Alejandro Sanz, Thalía, Luis Miguel, Selena, Paulina Rubio, Shakira, Carlos Vives, Ricky Martin, Gloria Trevi an Enrique Iglesias. Ricky Martin is considered tae be the Keeng o Laitin Pop. ===Influences an development=== [[File:Ricky_Martin_in_store_appearance,_Sydney_Australia_(1).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Ricky Martin is an internaitional Puerto Rican sangster. He is considered tae be the Keeng o Laitin Pop.]]Laitin pop becam the maist popular form o Laitin muisic in the Unitit States durin the 1980s an 1990s, wi acks sic as Puerto Rican lad baund Menudo, even achievin massive crossower success amang nan-Latino listeners durin the late 1990s. Whiles nae restrictit tae Americae bi ony meens, Laitin pop wis profoondly affeckit bi production techniques an ither styles o muisic – baith Laitin an itherwise – that oreeginatit maistly in the Unitit States. Tejano muisic, centred in Texas an the Unitit States/Mexico mairch region, haed begun tae introduce synthesisers, slicker production, an a mair urban sensibility tae formerly ruit styles lik norteño an conjunto. [[File:Thalía_Primera_Fila_cropped.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Thalía is a Mexican sangster refert tae as the "Queen o Laitin Pop".]] Mairower, New York an Miami wis hame tae thrivin Laitin club scenes, that durin the 1980s led tae the rise o Laitin freestyle, a club-orientit dance muisic that wis ruitit in Laitin rhythms but releed on synthesisers an drum machines fur maist o its arreengements. Baith o thir soonds influenced the rise o Laitin pop, that reteenit Laitin rhythms in its uptempo nummers but releed mair on mainstream pop fur its melodic sense. Laitin pop's furst major crossower starn wis Gloria Estefan, wha scored a succession o nan-club-orientit dance-pop hits durin the mid- tae late 1980s, but eventually becam kent mair as an adult contemporar diva wi an affinity fur sweepin ballads. This blend o Laitinised dance-pop an adult contemporar balladeerin dominatit Laitin pop throu the 1990s. Maist o its airtists sang in Spainish fur Laitino audiences, awtho Laitin pop's seemilarity tae the mainstream helpit seevral performers score crossower hits whan thay chose tae record in Inglis. Jon Secada laundit seevral pop hits durin the mid-1990s, an Tejano pop starn Selena's album ''Dreaming of You'' actually debuted posthumously at nummer ane on the album chairts upon its 1995 lowse. The late '90s an early 2000s saw Laitin airtists sic as Ricky Martin, Enrique Iglesias, Shakira, Jennifer Lopez an ex-hauf-marrae Marc Anthony, Paulina Rubio, Jade Esteban Estrada, Thalía, amang ithers, achieve crossower mainstream success. Ither tradeetionally pop airtists forby makkit forays intae Laitin pop either findin success experimentin wi the soond, sic as Debelah Morgan an 98 Degrees, or recordin Spainish versions o thair sangs or albums, sic as Christina Aguilera an Jessica Simpson, tae name a few. chpxilgr1jhl4k8x51d5d8jbkvqhw28 920889 920888 2026-08-17T14:03:48Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisic genre |name = Laitin pop |stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[Laitin muisic]]|[[Pop muisic|pop]]|[[psychedelic muisic]]}} |cultural_origins = 1970s, [[Laitin Americae]] an [[Ibeirien Peninsula]] |derivatives = {{hlist|[[Laitin ballad]]|[[tropipop]]}} |fusiongenres = {{hlist|[[Chicano rock]]|[[Laitin rock]]}} }} Laitin pop (Spainish: pop latino), forby refert tae as Spainish-leid pop (Spainish: pop en español) or Portuguese-leid pop (Portuguese: pop em português), is a subgenre o popular muisic defined maistly as pop muisic performit in Spainish or Portuguese. Whiles its foondation lies in the structural an commercial conventions o internaitional pop muisic—memorable melodies, rhythmic reglarity, electric instrumentation, an braid appeal—it is aften enriched bi stylistic influences frae Laitin American an Ibeirien muisical tradeetions. Emergin frae Spainish-speakin muisickers, Laitin pop remeens distinct frae ither Laitin genres sic as rock en español, tropical, reggaeton, an dance, thou it mey incorporate elements o thir styles. In this sense, the fusion wi Laitin or Hispanic fowk genres is chairacteristic but secondary tae its central defineetion as pop muisic in Spainish. == History == Laitin pop furst reakit a global audience throu the wirk o baundleader Sergio Mendes in the mid-1960s, awtho airtists lik Carmen Miranda popularised Laitin samba muisic in Hollywood decades afore this. In later decades, it wis defined bi the romantic ballads that legendary airtists sic as Julio Iglesias or Roberto Carlos produced in the 1970s. Laitin pop is ane o the maist popular Laitin muisic genres today. Popular airtists include Los del Río, Jennifer Lopez, Alejandro Sanz, Thalía, Luis Miguel, Selena, Paulina Rubio, Shakira, Carlos Vives, Ricky Martin, Gloria Trevi an Enrique Iglesias. Ricky Martin is considered tae be the Keeng o Laitin Pop. ===Influences an development=== [[File:Ricky_Martin_in_store_appearance,_Sydney_Australia_(1).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Ricky Martin is an internaitional Puerto Rican sangster. He is considered tae be the Keeng o Laitin Pop.]]Laitin pop becam the maist popular form o Laitin muisic in the Unitit States durin the 1980s an 1990s, wi acks sic as Puerto Rican lad baund Menudo, even achievin massive crossower success amang nan-Latino listeners durin the late 1990s. Whiles nae restrictit tae Americae bi ony meens, Laitin pop wis profoondly affeckit bi production techniques an ither styles o muisic – baith Laitin an itherwise – that oreeginatit maistly in the Unitit States. Tejano muisic, centred in Texas an the Unitit States/Mexico mairch region, haed begun tae introduce synthesisers, slicker production, an a mair urban sensibility tae formerly ruit styles lik norteño an conjunto. [[File:Thalía_Primera_Fila_cropped.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Thalía is a Mexican sangster refert tae as the "Queen o Laitin Pop".]] Mairower, New York an Miami wis hame tae thrivin Laitin club scenes, that durin the 1980s led tae the rise o Laitin freestyle, a club-orientit dance muisic that wis ruitit in Laitin rhythms but releed on synthesisers an drum machines fur maist o its arreengements. Baith o thir soonds influenced the rise o Laitin pop, that reteenit Laitin rhythms in its uptempo nummers but releed mair on mainstream pop fur its melodic sense. Laitin pop's furst major crossower starn wis Gloria Estefan, wha scored a succession o nan-club-orientit dance-pop hits durin the mid- tae late 1980s, but eventually becam kent mair as an adult contemporar diva wi an affinity fur sweepin ballads. This blend o Laitinised dance-pop an adult contemporar balladeerin dominatit Laitin pop throu the 1990s. Maist o its airtists sang in Spainish fur Laitino audiences, awtho Laitin pop's seemilarity tae the mainstream helpit seevral performers score crossower hits whan thay chose tae record in Inglis. Jon Secada laundit seevral pop hits durin the mid-1990s, an Tejano pop starn Selena's album ''Dreaming of You'' actually debuted posthumously at nummer ane on the album chairts upon its 1995 lowse. The late '90s an early 2000s saw Laitin airtists sic as Ricky Martin, Enrique Iglesias, Shakira, Jennifer Lopez an ex-hauf-marrae Marc Anthony, Paulina Rubio, Jade Esteban Estrada, Thalía, amang ithers, achieve crossower mainstream success. Ither tradeetionally pop airtists forby makkit forays intae Laitin pop either findin success experimentin wi the soond, sic as Debelah Morgan an 98 Degrees, or recordin Spainish versions o thair sangs or albums, sic as Christina Aguilera an Jessica Simpson, tae name a few. cde4parigjy182uzpg5pzeeaolobv2x 920890 920889 2026-08-17T14:09:15Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisic genre |name = Laitin pop |stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[Laitin muisic]]|[[Pop muisic|pop]]|[[psychedelic muisic]]}} |cultural_origins = 1970s, [[Laitin Americae]] an [[Ibeirien Peninsula]] |derivatives = {{hlist|[[Laitin ballad]]|[[tropipop]]}} |fusiongenres = {{hlist|[[Chicano rock]]|[[Laitin rock]]}} }} Laitin pop (Spainish: pop latino), forby refert tae as Spainish-leid pop (Spainish: pop en español) or Portuguese-leid pop (Portuguese: pop em português), is a subgenre o popular muisic defined maistly as pop muisic performit in Spainish or Portuguese. Whiles its foondation lies in the structural an commercial conventions o internaitional pop muisic—memorable melodies, rhythmic reglarity, electric instrumentation, an braid appeal—it is aften enriched bi stylistic influences frae Laitin American an Ibeirien muisical tradeetions. Emergin frae Spainish-speakin muisickers, Laitin pop remeens distinct frae ither Laitin genres sic as rock en español, tropical, reggaeton, an dance, thou it mey incorporate elements o thir styles. In this sense, the fusion wi Laitin or Hispanic fowk genres is chairacteristic but secondary tae its central defineetion as pop muisic in Spainish. == History == Laitin pop furst reakit a global audience throu the wirk o baundleader Sergio Mendes in the mid-1960s, awtho airtists lik Carmen Miranda popularised Laitin samba muisic in Hollywood decades afore this. In later decades, it wis defined bi the romantic ballads that legendary airtists sic as Julio Iglesias or Roberto Carlos produced in the 1970s. Laitin pop is ane o the maist popular Laitin muisic genres today. Popular airtists include Los del Río, Jennifer Lopez, Alejandro Sanz, Thalía, Luis Miguel, Selena, Paulina Rubio, Shakira, Carlos Vives, Ricky Martin, Gloria Trevi an Enrique Iglesias. Ricky Martin is considered tae be the Keeng o Laitin Pop. ===Influences an development=== [[File:Ricky_Martin_in_store_appearance,_Sydney_Australia_(1).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Ricky Martin is an internaitional Puerto Rican sangster. He is considered tae be the Keeng o Laitin Pop.]]Laitin pop becam the maist popular form o Laitin muisic in the Unitit States durin the 1980s an 1990s, wi acks sic as Puerto Rican lad baund Menudo, even achievin massive crossower success amang nan-Latino listeners durin the late 1990s. Whiles nae restrictit tae Americae bi ony meens, Laitin pop wis profoondly affeckit bi production techniques an ither styles o muisic – baith Laitin an itherwise – that oreeginatit maistly in the Unitit States. Tejano muisic, centred in Texas an the Unitit States/Mexico mairch region, haed begun tae introduce synthesisers, slicker production, an a mair urban sensibility tae formerly ruit styles lik norteño an conjunto. [[File:Thalía_Primera_Fila_cropped.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Thalía is a Mexican sangster refert tae as the "Queen o Laitin Pop".]] Mairower, New York an Miami wis hame tae thrivin Laitin club scenes, that durin the 1980s led tae the rise o Laitin freestyle, a club-orientit dance muisic that wis ruitit in Laitin rhythms but releed on synthesisers an drum machines fur maist o its arreengements. Baith o thir soonds influenced the rise o Laitin pop, that reteenit Laitin rhythms in its uptempo nummers but releed mair on mainstream pop fur its melodic sense. Laitin pop's furst major crossower starn wis Gloria Estefan, wha scored a succession o nan-club-orientit dance-pop hits durin the mid- tae late 1980s, but eventually becam kent mair as an adult contemporar diva wi an affinity fur sweepin ballads. This blend o Laitinised dance-pop an adult contemporar balladeerin dominatit Laitin pop throu the 1990s. Maist o its airtists sang in Spainish fur Laitino audiences, awtho Laitin pop's seemilarity tae the mainstream helpit seevral performers score crossower hits whan thay chose tae record in Inglis. Jon Secada laundit seevral pop hits durin the mid-1990s, an Tejano pop starn Selena's album ''Dreaming of You'' actually debuted posthumously at nummer ane on the album chairts upon its 1995 lowse. The late '90s an early 2000s saw Laitin airtists sic as Ricky Martin, Enrique Iglesias, Shakira, Jennifer Lopez an ex-hauf-marrae Marc Anthony, Paulina Rubio, Jade Esteban Estrada, Thalía, amang ithers, achieve crossower mainstream success. Ither tradeetionally pop airtists forby makkit forays intae Laitin pop either findin success experimentin wi the soond, sic as Debelah Morgan an 98 Degrees, or recordin Spainish versions o thair sangs or albums, sic as Christina Aguilera an Jessica Simpson, tae name a few. ==See an aw== *[[Billboard Laitin Muisic Awairds]] *[[Billboard Laitin pop chairts|''Billboard'' Laitin pop chairts]] *[[Freestyle muisic]] *[[Grammy Awaird fur Best Laitin Pop Album]] *[[Laitin American muisic in the Unitit States]] *[[Laitin ballad]] *[[Laitin Grammy Awaird fur Best Contemporar Pop Vocal Album]] *[[Laitin muisic (genre)|Laitin muisic]] *[[Laitin trap]] *[[Lo Nuestro Awaird fur Pop Sang o the Year]] *[[Mexican pop muisic]] *[[Muisic o Brazil]] *[[Muisic o Colombie]] *[[Muisic o Laitin Americae]] *[[Muisic o Spainie]] *[[Nueva ola]] *[[Pop muisic|Pop music]] *[[Regional Mexican muisic|Regional Mexican]] *[[Tropical muisic|Tropical music]] ==References== {{Reflist}} == Fremmit airtins == * [http://musica.univision.com/ Univision musica (Univision musica)] * [http://www2.esmas.com/ritmoson/noticias/ RITMOSON MUSIC NEWS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227065811/http://www2.esmas.com/ritmoson/noticias/ |date=27 February 2011 }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Laitin pop| ]] [[Category:Muisic o Laitin Americae|Pop]] [[Category:Pop muisic genres]] [[Category:Muisic o Spainie]] [[Category:Spainish-leid muisic]] [[Category:1970s in Laitin muisic]] [[Category:1980s in Laitin muisic]] [[Category:1990s in Laitin muisic]] [[Category:2000s in Laitin muisic]] [[Category:2010s in Laitin muisic]] [[Category:Laitin muisic genres]] hrklhzh4yxj62fyea2ceyqaxl3f4t65 920891 920890 2026-08-17T14:09:59Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 920891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisic genre |name = Laitin pop |stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[Laitin muisic]]|[[Pop muisic|pop]]|[[psychedelic muisic]]}} |cultural_origins = 1970s, [[Laitin Americae]] an [[Ibeirien Peninsula]] |derivatives = {{hlist|[[Laitin ballad]]|[[tropipop]]}} |fusiongenres = {{hlist|[[Chicano rock]]|[[Laitin rock]]}} }} '''Laitin pop''' (Spainish: pop latino), forby refert tae as '''Spainish-leid pop''' (Spainish: pop en español) or '''Portuguese-leid pop''' (Portuguese: pop em português), is a subgenre o popular muisic defined maistly as pop muisic performit in Spainish or Portuguese. Whiles its foondation lies in the structural an commercial conventions o internaitional pop muisic—memorable melodies, rhythmic reglarity, electric instrumentation, an braid appeal—it is aften enriched bi stylistic influences frae Laitin American an Ibeirien muisical tradeetions. Emergin frae Spainish-speakin muisickers, Laitin pop remeens distinct frae ither Laitin genres sic as rock en español, tropical, reggaeton, an dance, thou it mey incorporate elements o thir styles. In this sense, the fusion wi Laitin or Hispanic fowk genres is chairacteristic but secondary tae its central defineetion as pop muisic in Spainish. == History == Laitin pop furst reakit a global audience throu the wirk o baundleader Sergio Mendes in the mid-1960s, awtho airtists lik Carmen Miranda popularised Laitin samba muisic in Hollywood decades afore this. In later decades, it wis defined bi the romantic ballads that legendary airtists sic as Julio Iglesias or Roberto Carlos produced in the 1970s. Laitin pop is ane o the maist popular Laitin muisic genres today. Popular airtists include Los del Río, Jennifer Lopez, Alejandro Sanz, Thalía, Luis Miguel, Selena, Paulina Rubio, Shakira, Carlos Vives, Ricky Martin, Gloria Trevi an Enrique Iglesias. Ricky Martin is considered tae be the Keeng o Laitin Pop. ===Influences an development=== [[File:Ricky_Martin_in_store_appearance,_Sydney_Australia_(1).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Ricky Martin is an internaitional Puerto Rican sangster. He is considered tae be the Keeng o Laitin Pop.]]Laitin pop becam the maist popular form o Laitin muisic in the Unitit States durin the 1980s an 1990s, wi acks sic as Puerto Rican lad baund Menudo, even achievin massive crossower success amang nan-Latino listeners durin the late 1990s. Whiles nae restrictit tae Americae bi ony meens, Laitin pop wis profoondly affeckit bi production techniques an ither styles o muisic – baith Laitin an itherwise – that oreeginatit maistly in the Unitit States. Tejano muisic, centred in Texas an the Unitit States/Mexico mairch region, haed begun tae introduce synthesisers, slicker production, an a mair urban sensibility tae formerly ruit styles lik norteño an conjunto. [[File:Thalía_Primera_Fila_cropped.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Thalía is a Mexican sangster refert tae as the "Queen o Laitin Pop".]] Mairower, New York an Miami wis hame tae thrivin Laitin club scenes, that durin the 1980s led tae the rise o Laitin freestyle, a club-orientit dance muisic that wis ruitit in Laitin rhythms but releed on synthesisers an drum machines fur maist o its arreengements. Baith o thir soonds influenced the rise o Laitin pop, that reteenit Laitin rhythms in its uptempo nummers but releed mair on mainstream pop fur its melodic sense. Laitin pop's furst major crossower starn wis Gloria Estefan, wha scored a succession o nan-club-orientit dance-pop hits durin the mid- tae late 1980s, but eventually becam kent mair as an adult contemporar diva wi an affinity fur sweepin ballads. This blend o Laitinised dance-pop an adult contemporar balladeerin dominatit Laitin pop throu the 1990s. Maist o its airtists sang in Spainish fur Laitino audiences, awtho Laitin pop's seemilarity tae the mainstream helpit seevral performers score crossower hits whan thay chose tae record in Inglis. Jon Secada laundit seevral pop hits durin the mid-1990s, an Tejano pop starn Selena's album ''Dreaming of You'' actually debuted posthumously at nummer ane on the album chairts upon its 1995 lowse. The late '90s an early 2000s saw Laitin airtists sic as Ricky Martin, Enrique Iglesias, Shakira, Jennifer Lopez an ex-hauf-marrae Marc Anthony, Paulina Rubio, Jade Esteban Estrada, Thalía, amang ithers, achieve crossower mainstream success. Ither tradeetionally pop airtists forby makkit forays intae Laitin pop either findin success experimentin wi the soond, sic as Debelah Morgan an 98 Degrees, or recordin Spainish versions o thair sangs or albums, sic as Christina Aguilera an Jessica Simpson, tae name a few. ==See an aw== *[[Billboard Laitin Muisic Awairds]] *[[Billboard Laitin pop chairts|''Billboard'' Laitin pop chairts]] *[[Freestyle muisic]] *[[Grammy Awaird fur Best Laitin Pop Album]] *[[Laitin American muisic in the Unitit States]] *[[Laitin ballad]] *[[Laitin Grammy Awaird fur Best Contemporar Pop Vocal Album]] *[[Laitin muisic (genre)|Laitin muisic]] *[[Laitin trap]] *[[Lo Nuestro Awaird fur Pop Sang o the Year]] *[[Mexican pop muisic]] *[[Muisic o Brazil]] *[[Muisic o Colombie]] *[[Muisic o Laitin Americae]] *[[Muisic o Spainie]] *[[Nueva ola]] *[[Pop muisic|Pop music]] *[[Regional Mexican muisic|Regional Mexican]] *[[Tropical muisic|Tropical music]] ==References== {{Reflist}} == Fremmit airtins == * [http://musica.univision.com/ Univision musica (Univision musica)] * [http://www2.esmas.com/ritmoson/noticias/ RITMOSON MUSIC NEWS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227065811/http://www2.esmas.com/ritmoson/noticias/ |date=27 February 2011 }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Laitin pop| ]] [[Category:Muisic o Laitin Americae|Pop]] [[Category:Pop muisic genres]] [[Category:Muisic o Spainie]] [[Category:Spainish-leid muisic]] [[Category:1970s in Laitin muisic]] [[Category:1980s in Laitin muisic]] [[Category:1990s in Laitin muisic]] [[Category:2000s in Laitin muisic]] [[Category:2010s in Laitin muisic]] [[Category:Laitin muisic genres]] czaw4a54zof3uzzj7cfhpx40xebiyin 3 233890 920995 2026-08-17T22:48:23Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Made page wi "{{subst:uw-disruptive1}} ~~~~" 920995 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45320-18|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:48, 17 August 2026 (UTC) mgzl53xrz9mcazadh4ac0qtteahzahb 921053 920995 2026-08-17T23:47:53Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921053 wikitext text/x-wiki == August 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45320-18|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:48, 17 August 2026 (UTC) 2xuuz5w7n1ld8dx53ljyj6a65r45sxf 921055 921053 2026-08-18T00:15:37Z CiphriusKane 74958 921055 wikitext text/x-wiki == August 2026 == <strike>[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45320-18|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:48, 17 August 2026 (UTC)</strike> :Inappropriate wairnin struck. {{ping|Mr.Murdoch78}} Please keep in mind ti assume gweed feth wi fowks [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 00:15, 18 August 2026 (UTC) 0ld621r4l5dsj4geoelqnjduernpaqm 921075 921055 2026-08-18T10:46:40Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 /* August 2026 */ Replie 921075 wikitext text/x-wiki == August 2026 == <strike>[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45320-18|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:48, 17 August 2026 (UTC)</strike> :Inappropriate wairnin struck. {{ping|Mr.Murdoch78}} Please keep in mind ti assume gweed feth wi fowks [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 00:15, 18 August 2026 (UTC) ::A wisna shuir whether tae include the wairnin; houiver, ye're richt—a shoud hae attreibutit it tae gweed feth. Thanks fur lettin me ken an fur correctin ma mistak. [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 10:46, 18 August 2026 (UTC) 8gr1q12q4k2s24q83ujgown3yv8iakg 3 233891 921023 2026-08-17T23:13:13Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia ! 921023 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, SyntaxTerror, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/SyntaxTerror|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 23:13, 17 August 2026 (UTC) rjccxcn43grr169mk2jvdglf3rj52ui 3 233892 921024 2026-08-17T23:14:24Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Made page wi "{{subst:uw-english1}} ~~~~" 921024 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-44986-43|your recent contributions]] because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to the [[:en:English language|English language]] or added English material to articles. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]], and the language of this project is [[Scots leid|Scots]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|my talk page]]. Thanks! [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 23:14, 17 August 2026 (UTC) jmccyrop33sdy2l2j1z36h7peybbyqf 921054 921024 2026-08-17T23:48:19Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 921054 wikitext text/x-wiki == August 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-44986-43|your recent contributions]] because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to the [[:en:English language|English language]] or added English material to articles. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]], and the language of this project is [[Scots leid|Scots]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|my talk page]]. Thanks! [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 23:14, 17 August 2026 (UTC) hd7bw7sr6u8uaxizzjkb2qj6imwj7d4 3 233893 921060 2026-08-18T06:48:21Z SHB2000 82504 SHB2000 flittit page [[Uiser collogue:Font8388608]] til [[Uiser collogue:Pristome]]: Autæmateeclie muived page while renamin the uiser "[[Special:CentralAuth/Font8388608|Font8388608]]" tae "[[Special:CentralAuth/Pristome|Pristome]]" 921060 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uiser collogue:Pristome]] g1y482v8vnoaerdjdex9rem7nh8dn3o 3 233895 921076 2026-08-18T10:49:02Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia ! 921076 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, DreamRimmer, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/DreamRimmer|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 10:48, 18 August 2026 (UTC) rgcs3fll1tkhquf0qoxwrscf9nbi96c 2 233896 921079 2026-08-18T11:12:25Z Sara Thomas (WMUK) 49882 creatit draft 921079 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Illustration_of_a_brownie_by_Alice_B_Woodward.jpg|thumb|Illustration of a brownie by Alice B Woodward]] {{En}} ''Put this as a separate tab on [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite]] ?'' So, you'd like to help out with Scots Wiki, but you don't speak Scots, or you're not confident in your written Scots? '''Not to worry''', as there are a number of cleanup tasks with which you can help. Good community health on any Wiki requires many kinds of editors, and there are plenty of tasks which need to be done. In the spirit of [[:en:Wikipedia:WikiFauna]] over on English Wiki, I'm suggesting that you undertake some of these WikiGnome-esque tasks. But seeing as this is Scots... I'm inviting you to be a Wiki[[Brounie]]. == The WikiBrounie Promise == I promise that I: * ...shall not engage in language-based edits unless I'm ''really, really sure'' that the translation is correct. If in doubt, I shall not engage in language-based edits. * (Seriously, please stay away from language-based edits.) * I will seek community consensus before making any mass edits that affect spelling.{{Note|We've had some very well-meaning attempts to mass-fix spellings, they haven't always worked.}} == Footnotes == <references /> 3xty3u5ux38rsurhefoq9g1r37lwp7a 921080 921079 2026-08-18T11:26:17Z Sara Thomas (WMUK) 49882 /* The WikiBrounie Promise */ sections 921080 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Illustration_of_a_brownie_by_Alice_B_Woodward.jpg|thumb|Illustration of a brownie by Alice B Woodward]] {{En}} ''Put this as a separate tab on [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite]] ?'' So, you'd like to help out with Scots Wiki, but you don't speak Scots, or you're not confident in your written Scots? '''Not to worry''', as there are a number of cleanup tasks with which you can help. Good community health on any Wiki requires many kinds of editors, and there are plenty of tasks which need to be done. In the spirit of [[:en:Wikipedia:WikiFauna]] over on English Wiki, We're suggesting that you undertake some of these WikiGnome-esque tasks. But seeing as this is Scots... we're inviting you to be a Wiki[[Brounie]]. == The WikiBrounie Promise == I promise that: * I will do my best to complete the tasks that would otherwise take editors who are proficient in the Scots language away from growing the text of the Wiki. * I shall not engage in language-based edits unless I'm ''really, really sure'' that the translation is correct. If in doubt, I shall not engage in language-based edits.<ref>(Seriously, please stay away from language-based edits.)</ref> * I will seek community consensus before making any mass edits.<ref>We've had some very well-meaning attempts to mass-fix some issues, with bots or other bulk-editing techniques - these haven't always worked out for the best and the community is quite wary of them. </ref> If you are happy to take the WikiBrounie Promise, then please feel free to add this userbox to your userpage! ''Create a draft template for this, and instructions'' You should also add your name to the list of participants in the Big Wiki Rewrite project page. ''Link''. == WikiBrounie tasks == === Categories === * Unuised categories - [[Special:Unusedcategories]] ** The categories on this page are empty, and may be suitable for deletion. If the category is suitable for deletion, then place <nowiki>{{delete|tuim category}}</nowiki> on the category page. === Articles without sources === * All articles missing sources: [[:Category:Airticles wantin soorces]] ** Create a "References" section if there isn't one. (add a References List template from the + / Insert menu) ** Find sources for the text and add them. ** Whenever you're happy with it, delete the template at the top of the article that says "This airticle disnae cite ony references or soorces." === Interwiki links === Some articles, instead of linking to sco.wiki articles, link to en.wiki articles. This is far from ideal. These should be replaced with sco.wiki links, or de-linked as appropriate. * Go to [[Special:Search]] * Search for '''insource:"en" insource:/\[\[:en:/''' * Click on any article link, and search within the article for ":en:". * Check if en.wiki article exists on sco.wiki * If it does, replace with sco.wiki link (ie, remove ":en:" part of the link.) * If it does not, remove en.wiki link and leave as plain text. === Removing bad / unreliable sources === Citations to the '''Daily Mail''' newspaper should be removed and replaced. * Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=dailymail.co.uk this search link] to identify any citations leading to the Daily Mail, and replace with a reliable source. Citations to archive.today should be removed and replaced. * Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=archive.today this search link] to identify any archive.today citations, and replace. Sco.wiki is following en.wiki's restrictions on this source, which can be read about on the en.wiki [[:en:Archive.today#Attack_on_Gyrovague_and_Wikipedia's_restrictions|article here.]] == Footnotes == <references /> 14ibghrgh28deyigfipsrse5u4wlvcg 921081 921080 2026-08-18T11:38:52Z Sara Thomas (WMUK) 49882 update 921081 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Illustration_of_a_brownie_by_Alice_B_Woodward.jpg|thumb|Illustration of a brownie by Alice B Woodward]] {{En}} ''Put this as a separate tab on [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite]] ?'' So, you'd like to help out with Scots Wiki, but you don't speak Scots, or you're not confident in your written Scots? '''Not to worry''', as there are a number of cleanup tasks with which you can help. Good community health on any Wiki requires many kinds of editors, and there are plenty of tasks which need to be done. In the spirit of [[:en:Wikipedia:WikiFauna]] over on English Wiki, We're suggesting that you undertake some of these WikiGnome-esque tasks. But seeing as this is Scots... we're inviting you to be a Wiki[[Brounie]]. '''Please note:''' The sco.wiki community has had some very well-meaning folks try to help over the years, but these efforts haven't always gone well. We are understandably rather nervous about folks trying to do mass edits, or run bots, that might make large changes to the Wiki, as these can have unintended consequences. Scots does not have standardised spelling, for example. == The WikiBrounie Promise == I promise that: * I will do my best to complete the tasks that would otherwise take editors who are proficient in the Scots language away from growing the text of the Wiki. * I shall not engage in language-based edits unless I'm ''really, really sure'' that the translation is correct. If in doubt, I shall not engage in language-based edits.<ref>(Seriously, please stay away from language-based edits.)</ref> * I will seek community consensus before making any mass edits.<ref>We've had some very well-meaning attempts to mass-fix some issues, with bots or other bulk-editing techniques - these haven't always worked out for the best and the community is quite wary of them. </ref> If you are happy to take the WikiBrounie Promise, then please feel free to add this userbox to your userpage! ''Create a draft template for this, and instructions'' You should also add your name to the list of participants in the Big Wiki Rewrite project page. ''Link''. == WikiBrounie tasks == === Categories === * Unuised categories - [[Special:Unusedcategories]] ** The categories on this page are empty, and may be suitable for deletion. If the category is suitable for deletion, then place <nowiki>{{delete|tuim category}}</nowiki> on the category page. === Articles without sources === * All articles missing sources: [[:Category:Airticles wantin soorces]] ** Create a "References" section if there isn't one. (add a References List template from the + / Insert menu) ** Find sources for the text and add them. ** Whenever you're happy with it, delete the template at the top of the article that says "This airticle disnae cite ony references or soorces." === Interwiki links === Some articles, instead of linking to sco.wiki articles, link to en.wiki articles. This is far from ideal. These should be replaced with sco.wiki links, or de-linked as appropriate. * Go to [[Special:Search]] * Search for '''insource:"en" insource:/\[\[:en:/''' * Click on any article link, and search within the article for ":en:". * Check if en.wiki article exists on sco.wiki * If it does, replace with sco.wiki link (ie, remove ":en:" part of the link.) * If it does not, remove en.wiki link and leave as plain text. === Removing bad / unreliable sources === Citations to the '''Daily Mail''' newspaper should be removed and replaced. * Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=dailymail.co.uk this search link] to identify any citations leading to the Daily Mail, and replace with a reliable source. Citations to archive.today should be removed and replaced. * Use [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LinkSearch?target=archive.today this search link] to identify any archive.today citations, and replace. Sco.wiki is following en.wiki's restrictions on this source, which can be read about on the en.wiki [[:en:Archive.today#Attack_on_Gyrovague_and_Wikipedia's_restrictions|article here.]] == Footnotes == <references /> 09rn50b95kfbpi2vgp9bq1nzcoiytqf