وڪيپيڊيا sdwiki https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%DA%A9_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%88 MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter ذريعات خاص بحث واپرائيندڙ واپرائيندڙ بحث وڪيپيڊيا وڪيپيڊيا بحث فائل فائل بحث ذريعات وڪي ذريعات وڪي بحث سانچو سانچو بحث مدد مدد بحث زمرو زمرو بحث باب باب بحث TimedText TimedText talk ماڊيول ماڊيول بحث Event Event talk 0 2574 373274 313744 2026-04-24T19:26:21Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:سنڌي ودوان]]، [[زمرو:سنڌي ليکڪ]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{چونڊ مضمون|مئي 2021}} {{Infobox Politician | name = رسول بخش پليجو | native_name = Rasool Bux Palijo | native_name_lang = en | image = فائل:Rasool Bux Paleejo.jpg | image_size = 200px | office = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1930|2|21}} | birth_place = [[جُنگشاهي]], [[ٺٽو]], [[سنڌ]], برطانوي راڄ | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|df=yes|2018|6|7|1930|2|21}}}} | death_place = [[ڪراچي]], [[سنڌ]], [[پاڪستان]] | party = [[عوامي تحريڪ]] | spouse = شريفان پليجو<br/>روقيه<br/>نسيم ٿيٻو<br/>[[زرينه بلوچ]] <small>(1964–2005)</small><br/>زاهده شيخ <small>(2003–2018)</small> | children [[اياز لطيف پليجو]]، جميل پليجو ,سليم پليجو, مسعود پليجو, نور نبي پپليجو, حيدر پليجو, ظفر پليجو, شهناز پليجو, فاخره پليجو, تانيا پليجو | relations = [[اياز لطيف پليجو]] <small>(پٽ)</small> <br/>[[سسئي پليجو]] <small>(ڀائٽي)</small> | residence = حيدرآباد، سنڌ | occupation = [[سياستدان]], [[وڪيل]], [[ليکڪ]], وِدوان (اسڪالر), [[شاعر]] | alma_mater = [[سنڌ مدرسة الاسلام]] [[سنڌ مسلم لا ڪاليج ڪراچي]] | website = }} '''رسول بخش پليجو''' ([[انگريزي]]: Rasool Bux Palijo) هڪ پاڪستاني کاٻي ڌرپرست (ليفٽسٽ)، [[مارڪسي فلسفو|مارڪسي]] اڳواڻ، دانشور ۽ ليکڪ هو. هو انساني حقن جو هڪ وڪيل ۽ ترقي پسند ۽ کاٻي ڌر جي پارٽي [[عوامي تحريڪ]] جو اڳواڻ، باني ۽ اڳوڻو چيئرمين هو. پليجو 21 فيبروري 1930ع تي [[جُنگشاهي|جنگشاهي]]، [[ٺٽو ضلعو|ضلعي ٺٽي]] ۾ پيدا ٿيو. پليجو [[کاٻي ڌر]] جي اڳواڻ هجڻ سان گڏ، [[انساني حق|انساني حقن]] جي باري ۾ سنڌ ۾ چوٽيءِ جو وڪيل پڻ هو.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://tribune.com.pk/story/340430/awami-tehreeks-rasool-bux-palijo-turns-82/ |title=Awami Tehreek's Rasool Bux Palijo turns 82 |first=Z. |last=Ali |work=[[ايڪسپريس ٽربيون]] |date=23 February 2012 |accessdate=1 February 2016}}</ref> سندس پيءُ علي محمد پليجو روينيو کاتي ۾ سپروائيزر ھيو.<ref name="روزاني سوڀ صہ 11 تاريخ 8 جون2018">{روزاني سوڀ صہ 11 تاريخ 8 جون2018}</ref> == شروعاتي زندگي == رسول بخش پليجو، ڳوٺ [[منگر خان پليجو]]، جنگشاهي، ٺٽي ۾ 21 فيبروري 1930ع تي پيدا ٿيو.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.profilepk.com/Rasool-Bakhsh-Palejo_545.html |title=Rasool Bakhsh Palejo |work=profilepk.com |year=2016 |accessdate=1 February 2016}}</ref> هن شروعاتي تعليم ڳوٺ مان ورتي ۽ وڌيڪ تعليم [[سنڌ مدرسة الاسلام]] مان حاصل ڪيائين. هن قانون جي سند، [[سنڌ مسلم لا ڪاليج ڪراچي]] مان حاصل ڪئي.<ref name="palejo ES">{{cite web |title=پليجو رسول بخش |url=http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=پليجو%20رسول%20بخش |website=encyclopediasindhiana.org |publisher=انسائيڪلوپيڊيا سنڌيانا جلد ٽيون |accessdate=7 June 2018}}</ref> == سياسي زندگي == سياسي ڪارڪن ۽ ليکڪ سان گڏ، پليجو [[پاڪستان جي سپريم ڪورٽ|سپريم ڪورٽ]] جو [[وڪيل]] پڻ رهيو.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/138688/hyderabad-injustice-in-judicial-appointments-alleged|title=HYDERABAD: Injustice in judicial appointments alleged|first=Bureau|last=Report|date=11 May 2005|website=dawn.com|accessdate=7 June 2018}}</ref> [[ايم آر ڊي]] جي دور ۾ هي 11 سالن جي لاءِ سياسي مخالفت سبب جيل ۾ رهيو. 1980ع ڌاري هن جو گھڻو عرصو [[ڪوٽ لکپت جيل]] ۾ قيد هيٺ گذريو. 1981ع ۾ [[ايمنسٽي انٽرنيشنل]] هن کي [[ضمير جو قيدي]] پڻ قرار ڏنو.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/pakistan-president-zia-ui-haq-finds-himself-dangerously-isolated-from-his-countrymen/1/372000.html|title=Pakistan President Zia-ui-Haq finds himself dangerously isolated from his countrymen|author=|date=|website=India Today|accessdate=7 June 2018}}</ref> پليجو سنڌ ۾ [[جاگيرداري]] نظام جو سخت مخالف هو، هي [[عوامي نيشنل پارٽي]]، [[سنڌ متحده محاذ]]، [[سنڌ قومي اتحاد]]، [[بزم صوفيا سنڌ]]، [[پونم]]، [[سنڌي ادبي سنگت]] جي باني اڳواڻن مان هڪ هو، هي [[عوامي تحريڪ]]، [[سنڌي هاري ڪميٽي]]، [[سنڌياڻي تحريڪ]]، [[سنڌي شاگرد تحريڪ]]، [[پاڪستان جمهوري اتحاد]] جو باني اڳواڻ هو. رسول بخش پليجو سنڌ جي سياست جو متحرڪ ڪردار رهيو آهي. [[ون يونٽ]] خلاف تحريڪ ۾ هن سنڌي اديبن ۽ [[سنڌي ادبي سنگت]] سان گڏ، سياسي ميدان ۾ [[جي ايم سيد|جي. ايم. سيد]]، [[حيدر بخش جتوئي]] ۽ [[قاضي فيض محمد]] سان گڏجي سرگرميءَ سان حصو ورتو. جڏهن 1968ع ۾ [[جي ايم سيد|جي. ايم. سيد]]، ايوبي مارشل لا دوران هڪ وڏي عرصي جي نظربنديءَ کان پوءِ آزاد ٿي، سياست کان ڪناره ڪشيءَ جو اعلان ڪري، ’[[بزم صوفياءِ سنڌ]]‘ قائم ڪئي ته جي. ايم. سيد اُن تنظيم جو صدر ۽ رسول بخش پليجو سيڪريٽري بڻيو.<ref name="palejo ES"/> سياست جي شروعات 1953 ۾ سنڌ ھاري ڪميٽيءَ کان ڪئي جنھن بعد 1964 م نيشنل عوامي پارٽي۾شامل ٿيو. ڪجهه عرصو بزم صوفياءِ سنڌ جو جنرل سيڪريٽري رھيو گڏوگڏ سنڌي ادبي سنگت ۾ به سرگرم رھيو، ان کان سواءِ سنڌ متحده محاذ ۾ بہ حصو ورتائين، ون يونٽ خلاف ھلندڙ تحريڪ ۾ بہ سرگرم رهيو 5 مارچ 1970 ۾ عوامي تحريڪ نالي پارٽي جو بنياد وڌائين. 14 مارچ 1970 ۾ سنڌ جي زمينن جي سستي وڪري يا نيلامي جي خلاف تحريڪ ھلائي. ڪالاباغ ڊيم خلاف تحريڪ،اينٽي گريٽر ٿل ڪئنال تحريڪ، سنڌ ووٽر لسٽ تحريڪ ۽شھري دھشتگردي خلاف تحريڪ ۾ به ڀرپور حصو ورتائين.<ref name="روزاني سوڀ صہ 11 تاريخ 8 جون2018"/> == جيل جون سختيون == 1969 م ون يونٽ خلاف تحريڪ ۾ حصو وٺڻ جي ڪري 9 مھينا جيل ۾ رھيو. 1973 ۾ آئين تي تنقيدي مضمون لکڻ جي ڪري ڊي. پي. آر.تحت 11 مھينا قيد ۾ رھيو. 1978 ۾ ذوالفقار علي ڀٽو کي ڦاسي جي سزا ملڻ تي ايم ايل آر 16 تحت گرفتار ڪري 6 مھينا جيل ۾ رکيو ويو.1979 ۾ ذوالفقار علي ڀٽو کي ڦاسي ڏيڻ کان ٽي مھينا اڳ کان وٺي ڦاسي کان ٽي مھينا پوء تائين جيل ۾ رکيو ويو. ھي جنرل ايوب ۽جنرل ضيا ي آمريتن دوران يارھن سال قيد ۾ رھيو.<ref name="روزاني سوڀ صہ 11 تاريخ 8 جون2018"/> == ليکڪ == [[سنڌي ادب]] جي ميدان ۾ رسول بخش پليجي جو شمار صف اول جي ليکڪن ۽ نقادن ۾ ٿئي ٿو. پليجو سنڌ ۾ [[شاهہ عبداللطيف ڀٽائي]] جو پڻ وڏو پارکو ليکو ويندو هو. ورهاڱي بعد سنڌي ادب ۾ [[ترقي پسند ادب|ترقي پسند ادبي]] لهر اُڀري، جنهن جو ادبي حوالي سان مهندار [[شيخ اياز]] هو، جنهن جي خلاف وڏي واويلا ڪئي وئي. ترقي پسند ادب ۽ خاص ڪري شيخ اياز تي جڏهن شاعرن ادبي ۽ فڪري حملا ڪيا ۽ اياز جي شاعريءَ کي الحاد ۽ ڪفر جي شاعري قرار ڏنو ته ان دور ۾ [[ابن حيات پنهور]] ۽ مولانا گراميءَ سان گڏ رسول بخش پليجي ان بيجا تنقيد جا بکيا اڍيڙي، فڪري گهرائيءَ سان ڪتاب ’[[انڌا اونڌا ويڄ]]‘ ذريعي کين جواب ڏنو. ساڳئي رجعت پسند ٽولي سَٺ واري ڏهاڪي ۾ سائين جي. ايم. سيد جي ڪتابن ’[[پيغام لطيف]]‘ ۽ ’[[جيئن ڏٺو آ مون]]‘ تي به سخت تنقيدون ڪيون ۽ اڪيچار پمفليٽ ۽ مضمون لکيا ته پليجي ان گروهه خلاف جاندار مضمون لکيا. سندس مشهور تصنيفن ۾:<ref name="palejo ES"/> * [[انڌا اونڌا ويڄ]] * [[صبـح ٿيـنـدو (ڪتاب)|صبـح ٿيـنـدو]] * [[ڌراڙن جـا ڌڪـ (ڪتاب)|ڌراڙن جـا ڌڪـ]] * [[جن جهوناڳڙهه جلايو (ڪتاب)|جن جهوناڳڙهه جلايو]] * [[سَندي ذات هنجن (ڪتاب)|سَندي ذات هنجن]] * [[پسي ڳاڙها ڳل (ڪتاب)|پسي ڳاڙها ڳل]] * [[ويهڻ مون نه وڙاءُ (ڪتاب)|ويهڻ مون نه وڙاءُ]] * [[اوھان جي پڄاڻان|اوهان جي پڄاڻان]] * [[ڪوٽ لکپت جو قيدي (ڪتاب)|ڪوٽ لکپت جو قيدي]] * [[وڳ ڪيئن وسرياءِ (ڪتاب)|وڳ ڪيئن وسرياءِ]] * [[سياسي ادب (ڪتاب)|سياسي ادب]] (جلد I، II، III) * [[هرڻ هٺيلا بيٺا سوچين (ڪتاب)|هرڻ هٺيلا بيٺا سوچين]] == ذاتي زندگي == پليجي صاحب چار شاديون ڪيون، جن مان سندس پهرين گهر واري پليجي خاندان مان آهي، جڏهن ته ٻي گهر واري [[ڪشميري|ڪشميرڻ]] آهي، سندس ٽين گهر واري نامياري فنڪاره [[زرينه بلوچ]] هئي، جڏهن ته سندس چوٿين شادي، نامياري ڪهاڻيڪار [[نسيم ٿيٻو]] سان ٿي.<ref name="palejo ES"/> رسول بخش پليجو 7 جون 2018ع تي [[ڪراچي]] ۾ وفات ڪري ويو.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/amp/326803-veteran-politician-rasul-bakhsh-palejo-passes-away|title=Veteran politician Rasool Bux Palejo passes away|author=|date=|website=www.thenews.com.pk|accessdate=7 June 2018}}</ref> == لاڏاڻو == رسول بخش پليجو ساھ ۽ ڦڦڙن جي بيماري ۾ مبتلا ھيو<ref name="روزاني سوڀ صہ 11 تاريخ 8 جون2018"/>، ڊگھي وقت تائين بيمار رھڻ کانپوءِ خميص جي ڏيھاڙي 7 جون 2018ع تي 88 ورھين جي ڄمار ۾ [[ڪراچي]]، سنڌ ۾ لاڏاڻو ڪري ويو ۽ کيس [[جُنگشاهي|جنگشاھيءَ]] ويجھو سندس آباڻي ڳوٺ [[منگر خان پليجو]] ۾ دفن ڪيو ويو. == حوالا == {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:سنڌي سياستدان]] [[زمرو:سنڌي شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:سنڌي قوم پرستي]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ليکڪ]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ودوان]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جون شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:1930ع جون پيدائشون]] [[زمرو:2018ع ۾ وفات]] l7xxdzd46jfsv37b3wmn3ktlbkvoww9 0 2926 373325 372667 2026-04-25T04:48:14Z Siddhu Talreja 18634 پيراگراپف جي وچ ۾ تصوير کي ٽيسدٽ سان مٽيو 373325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مبسس4}} {{Tone}} [[فائل:نام اللہ.svg|150px|thumb|]] '''الله''' عربي زبان ۾ خالق لاءِ استعمال ٿيندڙ لفظ آهي. جيڪو انگريزي زبان جي لفظ God جو متبادل آهي. هي لفظ صرف مسلمانن تائين محدود نه آهي پر وچ اوڀر ۽ ٻين اسلامي ملڪن ۾ رهندڙ غير مسلمان به استعمال ڪندا آهن. مسلمان الله کي سڄي ڪائنات جو خالق ۽ مالڪ سمجهن ٿا ۽ دعويٰ ڪن ٿا ته قرآن محمد جو نه پر الله جو لکيل ڪتاب آهي. قرآن جي پهرين سورت سورت الفاتحه ۾ بيان آهي ته؛ {{cquote2|'''سڀ تعريفون الله لاءِ آهن جيڪو سمورن جهانن جو رب ۽ پالڻهار آهي. جزا جي ڏينهن (قيامت جو ڏينهن) جو مالڪ آهي. اسان صرف تنهنجي ئي عبادت ڪريون ٿا ۽ تنهنجي ئي مدد گهرون ٿا.'''|}} هڪ ٻي جاءِ تي بيان آهي ته؛{{اسلام}} {{cquote2|'''اي انسانون! پنهنجي رب جي عبادت ڪريو جنهن کان سواءِ ڪو به عبادت جي لائق ناهي. هو هر شَي جو خالق آهي. ته توهان ان جي ئي عبادت ڪريو جيڪو هر ڪارساز آهي. |سوره انعام: آيت.102'''|}} قرآن مجيد ۾ الله جي باري ۾ وڌيڪ آيتن ۾ آهي ته؛ {{cquote2|'''ڇا يعقوب عليه السلام جي وفات وقت توهان موجود هئا؟ جڏهن هن پنهنجي اولاد کي چيو ته توهان مون کان پوءِ ڪنهن جي عبادت ڪندا اوهان جي معبود جي اوهان جي وڏن ابراهيم عليه السلام ۽ اسماعيل ۽ اسحاق عليه السلام جي معبود جي، جيڪو هڪ ئي آهي ۽ ان جا فرمانبردار رهنداسين. |سورت البقر133 '''|}} مسلمان الله جي عبادت ڪندا آهن ۽ پاڻ کان علاوه ٻين مذهبن وارن کي الله وحد هو لا شريڪ له جي عبادت ڪرڻ جي دعوت ڏيندا آهن. (عربي ٻوليءَ جو لفظ) خدا تعاليٰ جو ذاتي نالو (لفظي معنيٰ = عبادت ڪرڻ). -الله- جي ذات اعليٰ ۽ بلندترين آهي. قرآن شريف ۾ ”-الله-“ جو لفظ 2697 ڀير آيو آهي. ابن العربيءَ جو قول آهي ته ”-الله-“ جو اسم علم آهي ۽ انهيءَ برحق معبود تي دلالت ڪري ٿو، جنهن ۾ سڀ حقائق وجوديہ موجود آهن. ”-الله-“ ذات -باري- تعاليٰ جو -اسم اعظم- آهي: ”-الله- لا الہ الا هو وحده“. گهڻن عارفن جو اهوئي خيال آهي. علامه بيضاويءَ جو چوڻ آهي ته ”-الله-“ جو لفظ ’-الله-‘ مان مشتق آهي. ابوالهيثم کان جڏهن ’-الله-‘ جي اسم جي لغوي -تحقيق- جي -باري- ۾ پڇيو ويو ته هن چيو ته ”حقيقت ۾ ’الاه‘ هو، ال تعريف داخل ڪيو ويو ته -الله- ٿي ويو. يعني ٻه متحرڪ لام هڪڙي هنڌ گڏجي ويا، انهيءَ ڪري هڪڙو لام ٻئي ۾ مدغم ٿي ويو ۽ ’-الله-‘ ٿي ويو.“ البيضاويءَ جو اهو چوڻ آهي ته اصل ۾ هي صفاتي نالو هو، مگر جڏهن -الله- جي ذات سان مختص ٿيو، تڏهن -الله- جي ذات کان سواءِ ٻئي ڪنهن لاءِ استعمال نٿو ٿئي. تڏهن هن کي اسم عَلَمَ جي حيثيت حاصل ٿي وئي. انهيءَ سلسلي ۾ قاضي شهاب الدين الخفاجيءَ جو هيءُ قول آهي ته ”-الله-“ جو اصل يا اشتقاق يا -ان- جي عربي غير عربي هئڻ جي -باري- ۾ ڪئين قول آهن ۽ انهن ۾ اختلاف آهي. جيتوڻيڪ چيو ويو ته جيئن انساني عقل خدا جي ذات ۽ صفات جي -باري- ۾ ٺوڪرون کائيندو رهيو آهي، اهڙيءَ طرح لفظ ’-الله-‘ بابت پڻ ششدر ٿي ويو آهي، ڇو ته هن لفظ ۾ به -ان- جي صفاتي نوراني شعاعن جو عڪس آهي، جنهن جي ڪري -اهل- بصارت ۽ بصيرت حيرت زده آهن. ڪي عالم لفظ ’-الله-‘ کي سامي زبان جو لفظ ڄاڻائين ٿا، مگر انهيءَ -باري- ۾ يقين سان ڪجهه چئي نٿو سگهجي. دراصل سامي ٻولين ۾ ڪي اهڙا لفظ مشابهت رکندڙ هم معنيٰ هوندا آهن. الزبيدي چوي ٿو ته ’-الله-‘ جو ’الف‘ حذف ڪري نٿو سگهجي، بلڪ الف سميت سڄي لفظ مان ئي ’-الله-‘ جو مقدس نالو بنجي ٿو. ٻيو ته ’-الله-‘ انهن اسمن مان آهي، -جن- جي فعل مان اشتقاق -جائز- ڪونهي. -ان- جي برعڪس ’رحمان‘ ۽ ’رحيم‘ جي فعل مان اشتقاق ٺهي سگهندو آهي. زبيدي چوي ٿو ته صحيح قول آهي ته ’-الله-‘ -ان- ذات جو اسم علم آهي، جو واجب الوجود آهي ۽ جنهن ۾ سڀئي صفتون ڪمال انداز ۾ جمع آهن ۽ هيءُ غيرمشتق هوندو آهي. ”-الله-“ اسم ذات آهي ۽ ذات باريءَ جي نالي لاءِ اهڙو موزون لفظ دنيا جي ڪنهن به ٻوليءَ ۾ موجود ناهي. اهو لفظ ذات -باري- تعاليٰ جي سلبي مفهوم سان گڏ ايجابي مفهوم کي به جامعيت سان ادا ڪري ٿو. -ان- مان هڪ طرف سڀني باطل معبودن جي نفي ٿئي ٿي ته ٻئي طرف انهيءَ هستيءَ جي -اثبات- ٿئي ٿي، جنهن لاءِ قرآن شريف ۾ آهي ته ”-الله- هڪڙو ئي ته آهي“. ”-الله-“ جي صفتن يعني -تخليق-، ربوبيت ۽ قدرت ڪاملہ جو ادراڪ ته ٿي سگهي ٿو، پر ذات جي حقيقت -انسان- جي علم ۽ فهم کان بالا آهي. مسلمان انهيءَ پاڪ نالي سان گڏ تعظيمي لفظن (تبارڪ و تعاليٰ، جل جلالہ وغيره) جو اضافو ڪندا آهن. (وڌيڪ تفصيل لاءِ ڏسو ”خدا“).<ref>[http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=الله الله : (Sindhianaسنڌيانا)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> خدا جي دين جو اعلان هر دور ۾ سڀني نبين سڳورن جي ذريعي ڪيو ويو آهي. '''انجيل مقدس''' ۾ اها ئي ڳالهه '''حضرت مسيح''' جي زبان مان هنن لفظ ۾ آئي آهي: ”پوءِ توهان اهڙي ريت دعا گهرندا ڪريو ته اي اسان جا پيءُ! تون جيڪو آسمان تي آهين، تنهنجو نالو پاڪ مڃيو وڃي. تنهنجي بادشاهت اچي. تنهنجي مرضي جيئن آسمان تي پوري ٿيندي آهي، ائين زمين تي به پوري ٿئي.“ (متي ؛ باب 6) قرآن شريف ۾ ارشاد ٿيو آهي ته: اَللّٰہُ الَّذِیۡ رَفَعَ السَّمٰوٰتِ بِغَیۡرِ عَمَدٍ تَرَوۡنَہَا ثُمَّ اسۡتَوٰی عَلَی الۡعَرۡشِ وَ سَخَّرَ الشَّمۡسَ وَ الۡقَمَرَ ؕ کُلٌّ یَّجۡرِیۡ لِاَجَلٍ مُّسَمًی ؕ یُدَبِّرُ الۡاَمۡرَ یُفَصِّلُ الۡاٰیٰتِ لَعَلَّکُمۡ بِلِقَآءِ رَبِّکُمۡ تُوۡقِنُوۡنَ (الرعد: 2) ”الله اهو آهي جنهن ٿنڀن کان سواءِ آسمانن کي مٿانهون ڪيو اٿس، جنهن کي توهان ڏسو ٿا. پوءِ عرش تي قائم ٿيو ۽ سج ۽ چنڊ کي پنهنجي پنهنجي ڪم ۾ لڳايو اٿس. هو هڪ مقرر مدت تائين هلي ٿو (هو) ڪم جي تدبير ڪري ٿو ۽ نشانين کي کولي بيان ڪري ٿو ته من توهان پنهنجي پالڻهار سان ملڻ جو يقين ڪيو.“<ref>{{Citation |title=انسانيت جي تعمير (مولانا وحيد الدين خان / خالد ڀٽي) {{!}} سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=307 |accessdate=2016-09-13 |archive-date=2017-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912090236/http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=307 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>ڪتاب: انسانيت جي تعمير ، مولانا وحيد الدين خان</ref> == بڻ بنياد == لفظ الله عربي زبان ۾ ال ۽ لاه جو مرڪب آهي جنهن جي معنيٰ آهي خدا. لفظ الله عربي کان سوءِ ابراني ۽ آرمينيائي زبانن ۾ به موجود آهي. == اللهﷻجا نوانوي نالا == اسلامي عقيدي موجب الله جي ذاتي نالي الله کان سواءِ الله جا نوانوي صفاتي نالا مشهور آهن. جيڪي هيٺ ڏجن ٿا. {| class="wikitable" |- |1||{{ع}}'''الرحمن'''{{ف}}|| |- |2||{{ع}}'''الرحيم'''{{ف}}|| |- |3||{{ع}}'''الملك'''{{ف}}|| |- |4||{{ع}}'''القدوس'''{{ف}}|| |- |5||{{ع}}'''السلام'''{{ف}}|| |- |6||{{ع}}'''المؤمن'''{{ف}}|| |- |7||{{ع}}'''المهيمن '''{{ف}}|| |- |8||{{ع}}'''العزيز'''{{ف}}|| |- |9||{{ع}}'''الجبار'''{{ف}}|| |- |10||{{ع}}'''المتكبر'''{{ف}}|| |- |11||{{ع}}'''الخالق'''{{ف}}|| |- |12||{{ع}}'''البارئ'''{{ف}}|| |- |13||{{ع}}'''المصور'''{{ف}}|| |- |14||{{ع}}'''الغفار'''{{ف}}|| |- |15||{{ع}}'''القهار'''{{ف}}|| |- |16||{{ع}}'''الوهاب'''{{ف}}|| |- |17||{{ع}}'''الرزاق'''{{ف}}|| |- |18||{{ع}}'''الفتاح'''{{ف}}|| |- |19||{{ع}}'''العليم'''{{ف}}|| |- |20||{{ع}}'''القابض'''{{ف}}|| |- |21||{{ع}}'''الباسط'''{{ف}}|| |- |22||{{ع}}'''الخافض'''{{ف}}|| |- |23||{{ع}}'''الرافع'''{{ف}}|| |- |24||{{ع}}'''المعز'''{{ف}}|| |- |25||{{ع}}'''المذل'''{{ف}}|| |- |26||{{ع}}'''السميع'''{{ف}}|| |- |27||{{ع}}'''البصير'''{{ف}}|| |- |28||{{ع}}'''الحكم'''{{ف}}|| |- |29||{{ع}}'''العدل'''{{ف}}|| |- |30||{{ع}}'''اللطيف'''{{ف}}|| |- |31||{{ع}}'''الخبير'''{{ف}}|| |- |32||{{ع}}'''الحليم'''{{ف}}|| |- |33||{{ع}}'''العظيم'''{{ف}}|| |- |34||{{ع}}'''الغفور'''{{ف}}|| |- |35||{{ع}}'''الشكور'''{{ف}}|| |- |36||{{ع}}'''العلي'''{{ف}}|| |- |37||{{ع}}'''الكبير'''{{ف}}|| |- |38||{{ع}}'''الحفيظ'''{{ف}}|| |- |39||{{ع}}'''المقيت'''{{ف}}|| |- |40||{{ع}}'''الحسيب'''{{ف}}|| |- |41||{{ع}}'''الجليل'''{{ف}}|| |- |42||{{ع}}'''الكريم'''{{ف}}|| |- |43||{{ع}}'''الرقيب'''{{ف}}|| |- |44||{{ع}}'''المجيب'''{{ف}}|| |- |45||{{ع}}'''الواسع'''{{ف}}|| |- |46||{{ع}}'''الحكيم'''{{ف}}|| |- |47||{{ع}}'''الودود'''{{ف}}|| |- |48||{{ع}}'''المجيد'''{{ف}}|| |- |49||{{ع}}'''الباعث'''{{ف}}|| |- |50||{{ع}}'''الشهيد'''{{ف}}|| |- |51||{{ع}}'''الحق'''{{ف}}|| |- |52||{{ع}}'''الوكيل'''{{ف}}|| |- |53||{{ع}}'''القوى'''{{ف}}|| |- |54||{{ع}}'''المتين'''{{ف}}|| |- |55||{{ع}}'''الولى'''{{ف}}|| |- |56||{{ع}}'''الحميد'''{{ف}}|| |- |57||{{ع}}'''المحصى'''{{ف}}|| |- |58||{{ع}}'''المبدئ'''{{ف}}|| |- |59||{{ع}}'''المعيد'''{{ف}}|| |- |60||{{ع}}'''المحيى'''{{ف}}|| |- |61||{{ع}}'''المميت'''{{ف}}|| |- |62||{{ع}}'''الحي'''{{ف}}|| |- |63||{{ع}}'''القيوم'''{{ف}}|| |- |64||{{ع}}'''الواجد'''{{ف}}|| |- |65||{{ع}}'''الماجد'''{{ف}}|| |- |66||{{ع}}'''الواحد'''{{ف}}|| |- |67||{{ع}}'''الاحد'''{{ف}}|| |- |68||{{ع}}'''الصمد'''{{ف}}|| |- |69||{{ع}}'''القادر'''{{ف}}|| |- |70||{{ع}}'''المقتدر'''{{ف}}|| |- |71||{{ع}}'''المقدم'''{{ف}}|| |- |72||{{ع}}'''المؤخر'''{{ف}}|| |- |73||{{ع}}'''الأول'''{{ف}}|| |- |74||{{ع}}'''الأخر'''{{ف}}|| |- |75||{{ع}}'''الظاهر'''{{ف}}|| |- |76||{{ع}}'''الباطن'''{{ف}}|| |- |77||{{ع}}'''الوالي'''{{ف}}|| |- |78||{{ع}}'''المتعالي'''{{ف}}|| |- |79||{{ع}}'''البر'''{{ف}}|| |- |80||{{ع}}'''التواب'''{{ف}}|| |- |81||{{ع}}'''المنتقم'''{{ف}}|| |- |82||{{ع}}'''العفو'''{{ف}}|| |- |83||{{ع}}'''الرؤوف'''{{ف}}|| |- |84||{{ع}}'''مالك الملك'''{{ف}}|| |- |85||{{ع}}'''ذو الجلال و الإكرام'''{{ف}}|| |- |86||{{ع}}'''المقسط'''{{ف}}|| |- |87||{{ع}}'''الجامع'''{{ف}}|| |- |88||{{ع}}'''الغنى'''{{ف}}|| |- |89||{{ع}}'''المغنى'''{{ف}}|| |- |90||{{ع}}'''المانع'''{{ف}}|| |- |91||{{ع}}'''الضار'''{{ف}}|| |- |92||{{ع}}'''النافع'''{{ف}}|| |- |93||{{ع}}'''النور'''{{ف}}|| |- |94||{{ع}}'''الهادي'''{{ف}}|| |- |95||{{ع}}'''البديع'''{{ف}}|| |- |96||{{ع}}'''الباقي'''{{ف}}|| |- |97||{{ع}}'''الوارث'''{{ف}}|| |- |98||{{ع}}'''الرشيد'''{{ف}}|| |- |99||{{ع}}'''الصبور'''{{ف}}|| |} انهن نالن جي نسبت سان [[ڀڳوان شري رجنيش]] جو هڪ مشهور ڪتاب [[Ninety Nine name of nothing]] پڻ لکيل آهي. {{اسماء الحسنى}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:وجود]] [[زمرو:مذهب]] [[زمرو:اسلام]] [[زمرو:اسلامي اصطلاح]] [[زمرو:اصطلاح قرآن]] c8m5c3fakrnsr09zaxvbl06yb8hzicy 0 3978 373215 285335 2026-04-24T17:05:07Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:1931ع جون پيدائشون]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{حوالا سڌارو}} {{صندوق معلومات شخص}} {| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" width="300px" align="left" style="border: 1em solid white") {{Infobox Prime Minister | name = غلام مصطفيٰ خان جتوئي | image =جتوئي.gif | imagesize = 200px |birth_date = {{Birth date|1931|08|14|df=yes}} | birth_place = نوان جتوئي, [[نواب شاھ]], [[سنڌ]], [[انگريزي هندستان]] |death_date = {{Death date and age|2009|11|20|1931|8|14|df=yes}} |death_place = [[لنڊن]] [[انگلستان]] | آفس= 13 هون [[وزيراعظم پاڪستان]] | term_start = [[6 آگسٽ]] [[1990]] | term_end = [[6 نومبر]] [[1990]] | party = [[نيشنل پيپلز پارٽي]] }} '''غلام مصطفيٰ جتوئي''' نگران وزيراعظم پاڪستان ۽ سنڌ جو جهونو سياستدان هو. == تعارف == غلام مصطفيٰ خان جتوئي 14 آگسٽ 1931ع تي ڳوٺ نوان جتوئي ۾ جنم ورتو. سندس ڏاڏو امام بخش خان جتوئي ممبئي ليجسليٽواسمبليءَ جو 1923ع، 1927ع ۽ 1931ع ۾ ٽي ڀيرا رڪن پڻ رهي چڪو ھو. ملڪي سياست ۾ 1952ع ۾ نواب شاھ ضلعي ميونسيپل ڪاميٽيءَ جو نشستمان (چيئرمين) چونڊيو ويو، جڏهن تہ هن پهريون ڀيرو 1965ع ۾ الهندي پاڪستان جي صوبائي اسمبليءَ جي چونڊ ۾ ڪاميابي حاصل ڪئي. جتوئي 1969ع ۾ پيپلزپارٽي ۾ شامل ٿيو. 1970ع جي چونڊن ۾ پيپلزپارٽي جي ٽڪيٽ تي قومي اسمبليءَ جو رڪن چونڊيو ويو، 1973ع کان 1977ع تائين سنڌ جو وڏو وزير رهيو، 1983ع جي ايم آر ڊي تحريڪ دوران گرفتار ٿيو، 1985ع ۾ کيس جيل وڃڻو پيو. 1987ع ۾ پ پ پ کي ڇڏي نيشنل پيپلز پارٽيءَ جو بنياد وڌائين. 1988ع ۾ اسلامي جهموري اتحاد جو صدر رهيو، 1991ع ۾ نگران وزير اعظم ٿيو. == تعليم == غلام مصطفيٰ خان جتوئي ڪراچي گرامر اسڪول مان سينيئر ڪيمريج ڪئي. 1952ع ۾ قانون جي اعليٰ تعليم لاءِ انگلستان ويو، والد جي وفات سبب تعليم اڌوري ڇڏي وطن واپس وريو. == زندگي == غلام مصطفيٰ خان جتوئي کي پنج پٽ ۽ ٽي نياڻون آهن. جن ۾ مرتضيٰ خان، مسرور خان، طارق مصطفيٰ(وفات)، عارف مصطفيٰ، آصف مصطفيٰ ۽ آهن. == سياست == غلام مصطفيٰ خان جتوئي نگران وزيراعظم، وزيراعليٰ سنڌ کانسواءِ سياسي معاملا، قدرتي وسيلا، بندرگاهون ۽ جهازراني،ريلوي ۽ مواصلات جي وزير طور ڪم ڪيائين. == خارجي ڳنڍڻا == * [http://therepublicofrumi.com/47.htm ڪورنوڪلز پاڪستان] {{پاڪستان جا وزير اعظم}} {{سنڌ جا وڏا وزير}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:پاڪستاني شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان پيپلز پارٽي جا سياستدان]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جا وزير اعظم]] [[زمرو:سنڌي سياستدان]] [[زمرو:سنڌي شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جا وڏا وزير]] [[زمرو:ڪيمبرج يونيورسٽي جا اڳوڻا شاگرد]] [[زمرو:1931ع جون پيدائشون]] [[زمرو:2009ع جون فوتگيون]] qvkojf52s5ov3bq4bapqn9oaxvlsphj 0 4862 373310 341981 2026-04-24T21:36:31Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:1934ع جون پيدائشون]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{صندوق معلومات شخص}} [[فائل:Zarina_Baloch.jpg|framepx|thumb|کاٻو|{{f}}زرينه بلوچ]] {{مبسس4}}'''زرينه بلوچ''' 1934ع تي حيدرآباد جي ڳوٺ الهداد چنڊ ۾ محمد موسىٰ جي گهر ۾ جنم ورتو . گهر ڀاتين ۾ سندس والده محترمه گل روز صاحبه سندس ڀائر محمد يوسف ۽ محمد عثمان بلوچ شامل آهن. == سوانح == زرينه بلوچ پرائمري تعليم قاضي عبدالقيوم اسڪول مان حاصل ڪئي. 1960ع تي فائنل جو امتحان پاس ڪري سنڌ جي نياڻين کي علم جي روشني ڦهلائڻ لاءِ استاد جو مقدس پيشو اختيار ڪري شاگردن کي خاص طور تي نياڻين کي علم جي روشني ڏئي همٿايو. هوءَ سنڌ ۾ ٿيندڙ سياسي جلسن ۾ گڏ هوندي هئي جنهن جو مثال مارشل لا جي دور ۾ پيرين پنڌ قافلو جنهن ۾ پانڌيئڙن تي پوليس ڪڙڪي پئي، ٻين سنڌي نياڻين سان گڏ زرينه بلوچ پڻ تشدد جو نشانو بڻي. سنڌ جي خوشحالي ۽ آزادي لاءِ ضياءِ الحق جي دور ۾ کيس ٻه سال قيد پڻ ڪاٽڻو پيو. اهڙي ماءُ کي پوءِ سنڌي ڇو نه جيجي جو لقب ڏئي. ڪوئل جهڙي آواز ۾ پاڻ سنڌوديش جو قومي ترانو پڻ ڳايو آهي. پاڻ سائين جي ايم سيد جي نظريي جي تمام گهڻو ويجهو هئي ٿيندڙ هر پروگرام پڻ شرڪت ڪندي هئي. جيجي جي پهرئين ڪهاڻي ”روح رهاڻ“ رسالي ۾ ڇپجي آئي پاڻ ڪهاڻين جو ڪتاب پڻ لکيو ” تنهنجي ڳولا تنهنجون ڳالهيون “ جي مهاڳ ۾ سنڌ جي ڪهاڻيڪار خيرالنساءِ جعفري لکي ٿي ته ” زرينه تون ان ڪري اهم آهين جو تو ۾ سچ جو ثمر آهي سموري سنڌ تنهنجي ساهن ۾ تنهنجي ڳلي ۾ پاتل آهي تون ئي ته آهين، جنهن قوم کي ” جيئي سنڌ، جيئي سنڌ جام مُحبت پيئي سنڌ “ جهڙو لازوال گيت ڏنو. تنهنجي فن، سچ ۽ ايمان کي ئي محسوس ڪري آمريڪا، ڀارت، انگلينڊ ۽ دبيءَ جي سنڌين توکي سنڌ جو سونو نقشو ڳلي ۾ ميڊل طور پارايو هو جو اڄ به تنهنجي دل جي ڌڙڪن تي لڏي رهيو آهي. جڏهن تنهنجي دل اهو نقشو لڏندي ڏسندي آهيان، تڏهن لڳندو آهي ته سنڌ حرڪت ۾ آهي، سنڌ برڪت ۾ آهي. باقي هونئن ته سموري سنڌ الاءِ ڪهڙن ڪهڙن ۽ ڪيترن سياسي سيلابن ۾ ٻڏي رهي آهي. ڪاش! هر دل وسيع زرينه جيئن هجي! اڃا انيڪ سيلاب ساھ ۾ سانڍي پنهنجي وجود، پنهنجي شڪتي ۽ فن کي سر سبز رکي سگهي. ڪاش هر دل تي پنهنجي ڌرتيءَ جا اهڙا نقشا اڀريل هجن“ ـ پاڻ استاد، قومي ڪارڪن، ڪهاڻيڪار، شاعره ۽ ڳائڻ سان گڏ اداڪاري جو ڪردار به خوب نموني سان نڀايو سندن ڪيل ڪردار عام هوندو هو ڪنهن به قسم جي غير ضروري سجاوٽ نه ڪئي، جيجي دنگيءَ منجھ درياھ، راڻيءَ جي ڪهاڻي، جهنگل، ڪاروان، ديوارين، آن ۽ ٻين ڊرامن ۾ اداڪاري ڪري چڪي آهي انهن ڊرامن کي ”ورلڊ ڊراما فيسٽيول“ انعام پڻ مليا، جيجي کي لطيف ايوارڊ، سچل سرمست ايوارڊ، قلندر لال شهباز ايوارڊ، سگا ايوارڊ، وحيد ايوارڊ، رام پنجواڻي ايوارڊ ۽ ٻين لاتعدادن ايوارڊن سان پڻ نوازيو ويو. ڪوئل جهڙو آواز پهريان 1962ع تي ريڊيواسٽيشن تي هلايو ويو. اڳتي هلندي جيجي تمام گهڻا لوڪ گيت ڳائيندي ماڻهن جي دل ۾ جاءِ وٺندي وئي. پاڻ استاد محمد جمن کان پڻ سکيا ورتي هن جي آواز ماڻهن کي ايترو ته جهمائي ڇڏيو جو جڏهن هو مور ٿو ٽلي چوندي هئي ته ماڻهن جي دلين جي ڌڙڪن تيز ٿي ويندي هئي ۽ هو خوشي منجهان نچڻ شروع ٿي ويندا هئا ۽ پاڻ کي سنڀالي نه سگهندا هئا، جيجي سنڌي ڀينرن سان گڏ ويهي سهرا پڻ ڳايا آهن. زرينه بلوچ جا ڳايل گيت مور ٿو ٽلي راڻا اسان ماڻهو لاڙ جا منهنجي ٻارڙي کي لوڏو ڏيو هٿين گل مهندي ادي منهنجو ڇلڻو پاڻيءَ ۾ هن اڳڻ تي موڙ لڳي وئي ڀهاريون ٽيڙي پوندا ٽاريءَ ۾ پيرين پوندي سان اهي اڳڻ منهنجي لاڏل جا ٻي خبر ناهي پر مرڻ کان پو جيئي سنڌ، جام مُحبت پيئي سنڌ وني ماڻي بنرا سيج ماڻي بنرا == خارجي ڳنڍڻا == * [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarina_Baloch زرينه بلوچ انگلش وڪيپيڊيا] * [http://music.sindhisoft.com/tag/zareena-baloch زرينه بلوچ جا گيت]{{مئل ڳنڍڻو|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{ڪچو}} [[زمرو:بلوچ ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني فيميل سنگرز]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني لوڪ راڳي]] [[زمرو:حيدرآباد، سنڌ جا ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:سنڌي راڳي]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ڳائڻيون]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:فيمينسٽ پاڪستاني]] [[زمرو:ويھين صديءَ جون پاڪستاني ڳائڻيون]] [[زمرو:1934ع جون پيدائشون]] g8m3t3ydtn9h8ru5mh75cwbuzfuw9ug 0 8353 373346 169448 2026-04-25T10:48:50Z Ibne maryam 17680 373346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|American call center company}} {{redirect|West Corporation|other companies|West (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox company | name = Intrado | logo = Intrado logo.svg | former_name = West Corporation | type = [[Privately held company|Private]]<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref> | location = [[Omaha, Nebraska]], US | founder = {{ubl|Gary West|[[Mary West]]}} | key_people = {{ubl|John Shlonsky ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])|Matt Carter ([[President (corporate title)|president]], Life & Safety Division)}} | num_employees = 9,659 (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=WSTC+Profile|title=WSTC Profile|publisher= Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | industry = {{ubl |Unified Communications |Interactive Services |Specialized Agent Services |Telecom Services |Safety Services }} | revenue = {{profit}} $2.6 billion [[United States dollar|USD]] (2012)<ref name= "YF2">{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=WSTC+Key+Statistics|title=WSTC Key Statistics|publisher=Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | owner = [[Apollo Global Management]] | homepage = {{URL| intrado.com}} }} '''ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن''' (West Corporation)، انترادو (Intrado)، هڪ آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني آهي. '''Intrado''', formerly '''West Corporation''', is an American telecommunications company. It was purchased by [[private equity firm]] [[Apollo Global Management]] on October 11, 2017.<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref><ref name= "NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/18/business/company-news-west-to-buy-eci-conference-call-services.html|title=COMPANY NEWS; WEST TO BUY ECI CONFERENCE CALL SERVICES|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=11 July 2013|date=2004-11-18}}</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ڪمپني]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني]] 86hd36pv3e5107t86zv6ljivg1c13sy 373347 373346 2026-04-25T10:50:43Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* حوالا */ 373347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|American call center company}} {{redirect|West Corporation|other companies|West (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox company | name = Intrado | logo = Intrado logo.svg | former_name = West Corporation | type = [[Privately held company|Private]]<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref> | location = [[Omaha, Nebraska]], US | founder = {{ubl|Gary West|[[Mary West]]}} | key_people = {{ubl|John Shlonsky ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])|Matt Carter ([[President (corporate title)|president]], Life & Safety Division)}} | num_employees = 9,659 (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=WSTC+Profile|title=WSTC Profile|publisher= Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | industry = {{ubl |Unified Communications |Interactive Services |Specialized Agent Services |Telecom Services |Safety Services }} | revenue = {{profit}} $2.6 billion [[United States dollar|USD]] (2012)<ref name= "YF2">{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=WSTC+Key+Statistics|title=WSTC Key Statistics|publisher=Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | owner = [[Apollo Global Management]] | homepage = {{URL| intrado.com}} }} '''ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن''' (West Corporation)، انترادو (Intrado)، هڪ آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني آهي. '''Intrado''', formerly '''West Corporation''', is an American telecommunications company. It was purchased by [[private equity firm]] [[Apollo Global Management]] on October 11, 2017.<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref><ref name= "NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/18/business/company-news-west-to-buy-eci-conference-call-services.html|title=COMPANY NEWS; WEST TO BUY ECI CONFERENCE CALL SERVICES|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=11 July 2013|date=2004-11-18}}</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن]] [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني]] avjtcbv3l5icoziedk955gl98bpyorh 373354 373347 2026-04-25T10:58:14Z Ibne maryam 17680 373354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|American call center company}} {{redirect|West Corporation|other companies|West (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox company | name = Intrado | logo = Intrado logo.svg | former_name = West Corporation | type = [[Privately held company|Private]]<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref> | location = [[Omaha, Nebraska]], US | founder = {{ubl|Gary West|[[Mary West]]}} | key_people = {{ubl|John Shlonsky ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])|Matt Carter ([[President (corporate title)|president]], Life & Safety Division)}} | num_employees = 9,659 (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=WSTC+Profile|title=WSTC Profile|publisher= Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | industry = {{ubl |Unified Communications |Interactive Services |Specialized Agent Services |Telecom Services |Safety Services }} | revenue = {{profit}} $2.6 billion [[United States dollar|USD]] (2012)<ref name= "YF2">{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=WSTC+Key+Statistics|title=WSTC Key Statistics|publisher=Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | owner = [[Apollo Global Management]] | homepage = {{URL| intrado.com}} }} '''ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن''' (West Corporation)، هاڻي "انترادو" (Intrado)، هڪ آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني آهي. '''Intrado''', formerly '''West Corporation''', is an American telecommunications company. It was purchased by [[private equity firm]] [[Apollo Global Management]] on October 11, 2017.<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref><ref name= "NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/18/business/company-news-west-to-buy-eci-conference-call-services.html|title=COMPANY NEWS; WEST TO BUY ECI CONFERENCE CALL SERVICES|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=11 July 2013|date=2004-11-18}}</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن]] [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني]] pplo1eobfu790pqf0e9b29tg1ee5jrt 373355 373354 2026-04-25T11:13:45Z Ibne maryam 17680 373355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|American call center company}} {{Infobox company | name = انترادو (Intrado) | logo = Intrado logo.svg | former_name = ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن<br>West Corporation | type = نجي ڪمپني<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref> | location = اوماها، [[نبراسڪا]]، {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | founder = {{ubl|گيري ويسٽ|ميري ويسٽ}} | key_people = {{ubl|جان شلونسڪي (سي اي او)| ميٽ ڪارٽر (صدر، لائف اينڊ سيفٽي ڊويزن)}} | num_employees = 9,659 (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=WSTC+Profile|title=WSTC Profile|publisher= Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | industry = {{ubl|يونيفائيڊ ڪميونيڪيشن| انٽرايڪٽو سروسز|اسپيشلائيزڊ ايجنٽ سروسز|ٽيليڪام سروسز| سيفٽي سروسز}} | revenue = منافعو 2.6 بلين آمريڪي ڊالر (2012)<ref name= "YF2">{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=WSTC+Key+Statistics|title=WSTC Key Statistics|publisher=Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | owner = اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ | homepage = {{URL| intrado.com}} }} '''انٽراڊو''' (Intrado)، اڳوڻو نالو ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن (West Corporation)، هڪ آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني آهي. ان کي پرائيويٽ ايڪوٽي فرم اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ پاران 11 آڪٽوبر 2017ع تي خريد ڪيو ويو.<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/18/business/company-news-west-to-buy-eci-conference-call-services.html|title=COMPANY NEWS; WEST TO BUY ECI CONFERENCE CALL SERVICES|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=11 July 2013|date=2004-11-18}}</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن]] [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني]] qkk8qgdko2jtml3po6izpujmp8uxevq 373356 373355 2026-04-25T11:30:45Z Ibne maryam 17680 373356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|American call center company}} {{Infobox company | name = انترادو (Intrado) | logo = Intrado logo.svg | former_name = ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن<br>West Corporation | type = نجي ڪمپني<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref> | location = اوماها، [[نبراسڪا]]، {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | founder = {{ubl|گيري ويسٽ|ميري ويسٽ}} | key_people = {{ubl|جان شلونسڪي (سي اي او)| ميٽ ڪارٽر (صدر، لائف اينڊ سيفٽي ڊويزن)}} | num_employees = 9,659 (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=WSTC+Profile|title=WSTC Profile|publisher= Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | industry = {{ubl|يونيفائيڊ ڪميونيڪيشن| انٽرايڪٽو سروسز|اسپيشلائيزڊ ايجنٽ سروسز|ٽيليڪام سروسز| سيفٽي سروسز}} | revenue = منافعو 2.6 بلين آمريڪي ڊالر (2012)<ref name= "YF2">{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=WSTC+Key+Statistics|title=WSTC Key Statistics|publisher=Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | owner = اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ | homepage = {{URL| intrado.com}} }} '''انٽراڊو''' (Intrado)، اڳوڻو نالو ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن (West Corporation)، هڪ آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني آهي. ان کي پرائيويٽ ايڪوٽي فرم اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ پاران 11 آڪٽوبر 2017ع تي خريد ڪيو ويو.<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/18/business/company-news-west-to-buy-eci-conference-call-services.html|title=COMPANY NEWS; WEST TO BUY ECI CONFERENCE CALL SERVICES|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=11 July 2013|date=2004-11-18}}</ref> انٽراڊو کي سال2019ع ۾ پنجن مکيه حصن: ڪلائوڊ سهڪار، حفاظت (911 آپريشنز سميت)، انٽرپرائز رابطا، ڊجيٽل ميڊيا (اسٽريمنگ آپريشنز سميت) ۽ صحت ۽ تندرستي (صحت جي انشورنس ۽ ڪسٽمر سپورٽ سميت) ٻيهر منظم ڪيو ويو آهي. ان پنهنجي ٽيلي مارڪيٽنگ برانڊ کي ويسٽ روينيو جنريشن سروسز (WRGS) ڏانهن منتقل ڪيو. سال 2019ع ۾ اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ جي ملڪيت پڻ هئي. == تاريخ == == نالي جي تاريخ == <nowiki>*</nowiki> نومبر 1996ع: ويسٽ ٽيلي سروسز ڪارپوريشن. <nowiki>*</nowiki> جنوري 1، 2001ع: ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن. <nowiki>*</nowiki> جون 25، 2019ع: انٽراڊو. == تڪرارون == اپريل 2014 ۾. انٽراڊو جزوي طور تي 14 رياستن جي 911 بندش جو ذميوار هو. جنهن اندازاً 6,000 ايمرجنسي مدد ڪالون ۽ 11 ملين ماڻهن کي متاثر ڪيو. نتيجي طور، فيڊرل ڪورٽ انٽراڊو تي 1.4 ملين ڊالر جو جرمانو ڪيو. نومبر 2019ع ۾، انٽراڊو پنهنجي سسٽم ۾ خرابين، جيڪيون آگسٽ 2018ع ۾ ٿيو، جي ڪري آمريڪي خزاني کي <small>1,75,000</small> ڊالر ادا ڪرڻ تي راضي ٿيو. جنهن جي ڪري 6 رياستن ۾ 65 منٽن لاءِ لکين ماڻهو 911 رسائي کان محروم ٿي ويا. سيپٽمبر 2020ع ۾، انٽراڊو جي ڪري هڪ ڪلاڪ کان وڌيڪ عرصي تائين 14 رياستن ۾ 911 بندش جي رپورٽ ڪئي وئي. == ڪاميابيون == == اعزاز == اپريل 2013 نيشنل ڪاليج ۽ ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن ۽ ڪاروباري حل ممتاز ڪميونٽي ملازم. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن]] [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني]] bg9wekupwehngwu0wm8binxpy9627n9 373357 373356 2026-04-25T11:32:03Z Ibne maryam 17680 Ibne maryam صفحي [[ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن]] کي [[انٽراڊو]] ڏانھن چوريو 373356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|American call center company}} {{Infobox company | name = انترادو (Intrado) | logo = Intrado logo.svg | former_name = ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن<br>West Corporation | type = نجي ڪمپني<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref> | location = اوماها، [[نبراسڪا]]، {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | founder = {{ubl|گيري ويسٽ|ميري ويسٽ}} | key_people = {{ubl|جان شلونسڪي (سي اي او)| ميٽ ڪارٽر (صدر، لائف اينڊ سيفٽي ڊويزن)}} | num_employees = 9,659 (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=WSTC+Profile|title=WSTC Profile|publisher= Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | industry = {{ubl|يونيفائيڊ ڪميونيڪيشن| انٽرايڪٽو سروسز|اسپيشلائيزڊ ايجنٽ سروسز|ٽيليڪام سروسز| سيفٽي سروسز}} | revenue = منافعو 2.6 بلين آمريڪي ڊالر (2012)<ref name= "YF2">{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=WSTC+Key+Statistics|title=WSTC Key Statistics|publisher=Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | owner = اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ | homepage = {{URL| intrado.com}} }} '''انٽراڊو''' (Intrado)، اڳوڻو نالو ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن (West Corporation)، هڪ آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني آهي. ان کي پرائيويٽ ايڪوٽي فرم اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ پاران 11 آڪٽوبر 2017ع تي خريد ڪيو ويو.<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/18/business/company-news-west-to-buy-eci-conference-call-services.html|title=COMPANY NEWS; WEST TO BUY ECI CONFERENCE CALL SERVICES|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=11 July 2013|date=2004-11-18}}</ref> انٽراڊو کي سال2019ع ۾ پنجن مکيه حصن: ڪلائوڊ سهڪار، حفاظت (911 آپريشنز سميت)، انٽرپرائز رابطا، ڊجيٽل ميڊيا (اسٽريمنگ آپريشنز سميت) ۽ صحت ۽ تندرستي (صحت جي انشورنس ۽ ڪسٽمر سپورٽ سميت) ٻيهر منظم ڪيو ويو آهي. ان پنهنجي ٽيلي مارڪيٽنگ برانڊ کي ويسٽ روينيو جنريشن سروسز (WRGS) ڏانهن منتقل ڪيو. سال 2019ع ۾ اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ جي ملڪيت پڻ هئي. == تاريخ == == نالي جي تاريخ == <nowiki>*</nowiki> نومبر 1996ع: ويسٽ ٽيلي سروسز ڪارپوريشن. <nowiki>*</nowiki> جنوري 1، 2001ع: ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن. <nowiki>*</nowiki> جون 25، 2019ع: انٽراڊو. == تڪرارون == اپريل 2014 ۾. انٽراڊو جزوي طور تي 14 رياستن جي 911 بندش جو ذميوار هو. جنهن اندازاً 6,000 ايمرجنسي مدد ڪالون ۽ 11 ملين ماڻهن کي متاثر ڪيو. نتيجي طور، فيڊرل ڪورٽ انٽراڊو تي 1.4 ملين ڊالر جو جرمانو ڪيو. نومبر 2019ع ۾، انٽراڊو پنهنجي سسٽم ۾ خرابين، جيڪيون آگسٽ 2018ع ۾ ٿيو، جي ڪري آمريڪي خزاني کي <small>1,75,000</small> ڊالر ادا ڪرڻ تي راضي ٿيو. جنهن جي ڪري 6 رياستن ۾ 65 منٽن لاءِ لکين ماڻهو 911 رسائي کان محروم ٿي ويا. سيپٽمبر 2020ع ۾، انٽراڊو جي ڪري هڪ ڪلاڪ کان وڌيڪ عرصي تائين 14 رياستن ۾ 911 بندش جي رپورٽ ڪئي وئي. == ڪاميابيون == == اعزاز == اپريل 2013 نيشنل ڪاليج ۽ ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن ۽ ڪاروباري حل ممتاز ڪميونٽي ملازم. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن]] [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني]] bg9wekupwehngwu0wm8binxpy9627n9 373359 373357 2026-04-25T11:32:44Z Ibne maryam 17680 Ibne maryam صفحي [[انٽراڊو]] کي [[انٽراڊو (ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن)]] ڏانھن چوريو 373356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|American call center company}} {{Infobox company | name = انترادو (Intrado) | logo = Intrado logo.svg | former_name = ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن<br>West Corporation | type = نجي ڪمپني<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref> | location = اوماها، [[نبراسڪا]]، {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | founder = {{ubl|گيري ويسٽ|ميري ويسٽ}} | key_people = {{ubl|جان شلونسڪي (سي اي او)| ميٽ ڪارٽر (صدر، لائف اينڊ سيفٽي ڊويزن)}} | num_employees = 9,659 (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=WSTC+Profile|title=WSTC Profile|publisher= Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | industry = {{ubl|يونيفائيڊ ڪميونيڪيشن| انٽرايڪٽو سروسز|اسپيشلائيزڊ ايجنٽ سروسز|ٽيليڪام سروسز| سيفٽي سروسز}} | revenue = منافعو 2.6 بلين آمريڪي ڊالر (2012)<ref name= "YF2">{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=WSTC+Key+Statistics|title=WSTC Key Statistics|publisher=Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | owner = اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ | homepage = {{URL| intrado.com}} }} '''انٽراڊو''' (Intrado)، اڳوڻو نالو ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن (West Corporation)، هڪ آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني آهي. ان کي پرائيويٽ ايڪوٽي فرم اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ پاران 11 آڪٽوبر 2017ع تي خريد ڪيو ويو.<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/18/business/company-news-west-to-buy-eci-conference-call-services.html|title=COMPANY NEWS; WEST TO BUY ECI CONFERENCE CALL SERVICES|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=11 July 2013|date=2004-11-18}}</ref> انٽراڊو کي سال2019ع ۾ پنجن مکيه حصن: ڪلائوڊ سهڪار، حفاظت (911 آپريشنز سميت)، انٽرپرائز رابطا، ڊجيٽل ميڊيا (اسٽريمنگ آپريشنز سميت) ۽ صحت ۽ تندرستي (صحت جي انشورنس ۽ ڪسٽمر سپورٽ سميت) ٻيهر منظم ڪيو ويو آهي. ان پنهنجي ٽيلي مارڪيٽنگ برانڊ کي ويسٽ روينيو جنريشن سروسز (WRGS) ڏانهن منتقل ڪيو. سال 2019ع ۾ اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ جي ملڪيت پڻ هئي. == تاريخ == == نالي جي تاريخ == <nowiki>*</nowiki> نومبر 1996ع: ويسٽ ٽيلي سروسز ڪارپوريشن. <nowiki>*</nowiki> جنوري 1، 2001ع: ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن. <nowiki>*</nowiki> جون 25، 2019ع: انٽراڊو. == تڪرارون == اپريل 2014 ۾. انٽراڊو جزوي طور تي 14 رياستن جي 911 بندش جو ذميوار هو. جنهن اندازاً 6,000 ايمرجنسي مدد ڪالون ۽ 11 ملين ماڻهن کي متاثر ڪيو. نتيجي طور، فيڊرل ڪورٽ انٽراڊو تي 1.4 ملين ڊالر جو جرمانو ڪيو. نومبر 2019ع ۾، انٽراڊو پنهنجي سسٽم ۾ خرابين، جيڪيون آگسٽ 2018ع ۾ ٿيو، جي ڪري آمريڪي خزاني کي <small>1,75,000</small> ڊالر ادا ڪرڻ تي راضي ٿيو. جنهن جي ڪري 6 رياستن ۾ 65 منٽن لاءِ لکين ماڻهو 911 رسائي کان محروم ٿي ويا. سيپٽمبر 2020ع ۾، انٽراڊو جي ڪري هڪ ڪلاڪ کان وڌيڪ عرصي تائين 14 رياستن ۾ 911 بندش جي رپورٽ ڪئي وئي. == ڪاميابيون == == اعزاز == اپريل 2013 نيشنل ڪاليج ۽ ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن ۽ ڪاروباري حل ممتاز ڪميونٽي ملازم. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن]] [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني]] bg9wekupwehngwu0wm8binxpy9627n9 373361 373359 2026-04-25T11:34:19Z Ibne maryam 17680 373361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|American call center company}} {{Infobox company | name = انترادو (Intrado) | logo = Intrado logo.svg | former_name = ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن<br>West Corporation | type = نجي ڪمپني<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref> | location = اوماها، [[نبراسڪا]]، {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | founder = {{ubl|گيري ويسٽ|ميري ويسٽ}} | key_people = {{ubl|جان شلونسڪي (سي اي او)| ميٽ ڪارٽر (صدر، لائف اينڊ سيفٽي ڊويزن)}} | num_employees = 9,659 (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=WSTC+Profile|title=WSTC Profile|publisher= Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | industry = {{ubl|يونيفائيڊ ڪميونيڪيشن| انٽرايڪٽو سروسز|اسپيشلائيزڊ ايجنٽ سروسز|ٽيليڪام سروسز| سيفٽي سروسز}} | revenue = منافعو 2.6 بلين آمريڪي ڊالر (2012)<ref name= "YF2">{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=WSTC+Key+Statistics|title=WSTC Key Statistics|publisher=Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | owner = اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ | homepage = {{URL| intrado.com}} }} '''انٽراڊو''' (Intrado)، اڳوڻو نالو ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن (West Corporation)، هڪ آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني آهي. ان کي پرائيويٽ ايڪوٽي فرم اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ پاران 11 آڪٽوبر 2017ع تي خريد ڪيو ويو.<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/18/business/company-news-west-to-buy-eci-conference-call-services.html|title=COMPANY NEWS; WEST TO BUY ECI CONFERENCE CALL SERVICES|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=11 July 2013|date=2004-11-18}}</ref> انٽراڊو کي سال2019ع ۾ پنجن مکيه حصن: ڪلائوڊ سهڪار، حفاظت (911 آپريشنز سميت)، انٽرپرائز رابطا، ڊجيٽل ميڊيا (اسٽريمنگ آپريشنز سميت) ۽ صحت ۽ تندرستي (صحت جي انشورنس ۽ ڪسٽمر سپورٽ سميت) ٻيهر منظم ڪيو ويو آهي. ان پنهنجي ٽيلي مارڪيٽنگ برانڊ کي ويسٽ روينيو جنريشن سروسز (WRGS) ڏانهن منتقل ڪيو. سال 2019ع ۾ اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ جي ملڪيت پڻ هئي. == تاريخ == == نالي جي تاريخ == <nowiki>*</nowiki> نومبر 1996ع: ويسٽ ٽيلي سروسز ڪارپوريشن. <nowiki>*</nowiki> جنوري 1، 2001ع: ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن. <nowiki>*</nowiki> جون 25، 2019ع: انٽراڊو. == تڪرارون == اپريل 2014 ۾. انٽراڊو جزوي طور تي 14 رياستن جي 911 بندش جو ذميوار هو. جنهن اندازاً 6,000 ايمرجنسي مدد ڪالون ۽ 11 ملين ماڻهن کي متاثر ڪيو. نتيجي طور، فيڊرل ڪورٽ انٽراڊو تي 1.4 ملين ڊالر جو جرمانو ڪيو. نومبر 2019ع ۾، انٽراڊو پنهنجي سسٽم ۾ خرابين، جيڪيون آگسٽ 2018ع ۾ ٿيو، جي ڪري آمريڪي خزاني کي <small>1,75,000</small> ڊالر ادا ڪرڻ تي راضي ٿيو. جنهن جي ڪري 6 رياستن ۾ 65 منٽن لاءِ لکين ماڻهو 911 رسائي کان محروم ٿي ويا. سيپٽمبر 2020ع ۾، انٽراڊو جي ڪري هڪ ڪلاڪ کان وڌيڪ عرصي تائين 14 رياستن ۾ 911 بندش جي رپورٽ ڪئي وئي. == ڪاميابيون == == اعزاز == اپريل 2013ع نيشنل ڪاليج ۽ ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن ۽ ڪاروباري حل ۾ ممتاز ڪميونٽي آجر. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن]] [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني]] s34xvbx5uzlacz0icqzu6ji8cqbcbsm 373362 373361 2026-04-25T11:35:39Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* تاريخ */ 373362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|American call center company}} {{Infobox company | name = انترادو (Intrado) | logo = Intrado logo.svg | former_name = ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن<br>West Corporation | type = نجي ڪمپني<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref> | location = اوماها، [[نبراسڪا]]، {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | founder = {{ubl|گيري ويسٽ|ميري ويسٽ}} | key_people = {{ubl|جان شلونسڪي (سي اي او)| ميٽ ڪارٽر (صدر، لائف اينڊ سيفٽي ڊويزن)}} | num_employees = 9,659 (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=WSTC+Profile|title=WSTC Profile|publisher= Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | industry = {{ubl|يونيفائيڊ ڪميونيڪيشن| انٽرايڪٽو سروسز|اسپيشلائيزڊ ايجنٽ سروسز|ٽيليڪام سروسز| سيفٽي سروسز}} | revenue = منافعو 2.6 بلين آمريڪي ڊالر (2012)<ref name= "YF2">{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=WSTC+Key+Statistics|title=WSTC Key Statistics|publisher=Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | owner = اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ | homepage = {{URL| intrado.com}} }} '''انٽراڊو''' (Intrado)، اڳوڻو نالو ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن (West Corporation)، هڪ آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني آهي. ان کي پرائيويٽ ايڪوٽي فرم اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ پاران 11 آڪٽوبر 2017ع تي خريد ڪيو ويو.<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/18/business/company-news-west-to-buy-eci-conference-call-services.html|title=COMPANY NEWS; WEST TO BUY ECI CONFERENCE CALL SERVICES|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=11 July 2013|date=2004-11-18}}</ref> انٽراڊو کي سال2019ع ۾ پنجن مکيه حصن: ڪلائوڊ سهڪار، حفاظت (911 آپريشنز سميت)، انٽرپرائز رابطا، ڊجيٽل ميڊيا (اسٽريمنگ آپريشنز سميت) ۽ صحت ۽ تندرستي (صحت جي انشورنس ۽ ڪسٽمر سپورٽ سميت) ٻيهر منظم ڪيو ويو آهي. ان پنهنجي ٽيلي مارڪيٽنگ برانڊ کي ويسٽ روينيو جنريشن سروسز (WRGS) ڏانهن منتقل ڪيو. سال 2019ع ۾ اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ جي ملڪيت پڻ هئي. ==تاريخ== Gary and [[Mary West]] co-founded WATS Marketing of America in 1978.<ref name= "O">{{cite web|url=https://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-s-public-offering-puts-a-face-on-behind/article_de7f8683-7c76-5603-8da2-a8653984491c.html|title=West Corp.'s public offering puts a face on behind-the-scenes operations|publisher=Omaha.com|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> The couple left the company in 1985 and [[Mary West]] founded West Teleservices with Troy Eaden in 1986.<ref name= "O" /> Gary West joined West Teleservices one year later as chairman.<ref name= "O" /> During the first decade, West Teleservices hired thousands of employees and reached over $100 million in net proceeds.<ref name= "O" /> West Teleservices expanded their products through a series of acquisitions, including Tel Mark Sales Inc., Intercall, Televox, and HyperCube.<ref name= "O" /> In November 1996, West went public with 2,000 employees.<ref name= "O" /> In 2002, West acquired Tel Mark Sales, Dakotah Direct, and Attention, LLC.<ref name= "O" /> The following year, West acquired conferencing company InterCall and ConferenceCall.com.<ref name= "O" /><ref name= "DM">{{cite web|url=http://www.dmnews.com/west-buys-conferencecallcom-for-385-million/article/82339/|title=West Buys ConferenceCall.com for $38.5 Million|publisher=Direct Marketing News|access-date=11 July 2013|archive-date=1 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801120538/http://www.dmnews.com/west-buys-conferencecallcom-for-385-million/article/82339/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2006, West which had been publicly traded since 1996, recapitalized under the sponsorship of investor groups led by [[Thomas H. Lee Partners]] and [[Quadrangle Group]].<ref name= "O" /> Gary and [[Mary West]] continued to maintain 25 percent of the company.<ref name= "O" /> In January 2015, West announced the sale of its agent services businesses to [[Alorica]]. The sale closed in early March 2015.<ref name="AgentSale2">{{cite web|url=http://www.insidearm.com/daily/debt-collection-news/debt-collection/alorica-completes-acquisition-of-west-corporations-agent-services-businesses-including-arm/|title=Alorica Completes Acquisition of West Corporation's Agent Services Businesses, Including ARM|access-date=20 August 2016|date=2015-03-05}}</ref> In October 2017, West was purchased by Apollo Global Management, a New York-based private equity firm, for $5.2 billion.<ref name="omaha.com"/> On August 31, 2018 West Corporation laid off 148 employees between their Middleton, WI and Green Bay, WI location after losing a major contract.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bollier |first1=Jeff |title=West Corp. to lay off 148 after losing contract, including 36 at Ashwaubenon office |url=https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/money/2018/08/06/west-corp-loses-contract-lays-off-148-wisconsin-workers-ashwaubenon/914103002/ |website=Green Bay Press-Gazette}}</ref> On June 25, 2019 West Corporation rebranded itself to Intrado.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/06/25/1874053/0/en/West-Corporation-Announces-Rebrand-to-Intrado.html| title=West Corporation announces rebrand to Intrado| date=25 June 2019}}</ref> On September 11, 2020 Intrado acquired Syn-Apps LLC, developer of mass notification software.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.syn-apps.com/news-press/intrado-acquires-syn-apps-to-accelerate-iot-in-protecting-the-public-and-improving-emergency-response/| title=Intrado Acquires Syn-Apps to Accelerate IoT in Protecting the Public and Improving Emergency Response| date=11 September 2022}}</ref> On December 20, 2020 Intrado acquired Asparia<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.healthcareittoday.com/2020/12/22/intrado-acquires-asparia/| title=Intrado acquires Asparia| date=22 December 2020}}</ref> On January 31, 2023 [[Stonepeak]] acquired Intrado Life & Safety for $2.4 billion. The Intrado name and brand will transition with the safety business. Intrado Corporation rebranded its remaining holdings to West Technology Group, LLC.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pehub.com/stonepeak-completes-acquisition-of-intrados-safety-business/#:~:text=Stonepeak%20has%20closed%20its%20previously,the%20deal%20was%20%242.4%20billion. | title=Stonepeak completes acquisition of Intrado's safety business|website=www.pehub.com}}</ref> On October 2, 2023 Matt Carter was appointed CEO of Intrado Life & Safety replacing Jeff Robertson.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.intrado.com/news-releases/intrado-announces-leadership-transition | title= Matt Carter replaces Jeff Robertson as CEO|website=www.intrado.com}}</ref> == نالي جي تاريخ == <nowiki>*</nowiki> نومبر 1996ع: ويسٽ ٽيلي سروسز ڪارپوريشن. <nowiki>*</nowiki> جنوري 1، 2001ع: ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن. <nowiki>*</nowiki> جون 25، 2019ع: انٽراڊو. == تڪرارون == اپريل 2014 ۾. انٽراڊو جزوي طور تي 14 رياستن جي 911 بندش جو ذميوار هو. جنهن اندازاً 6,000 ايمرجنسي مدد ڪالون ۽ 11 ملين ماڻهن کي متاثر ڪيو. نتيجي طور، فيڊرل ڪورٽ انٽراڊو تي 1.4 ملين ڊالر جو جرمانو ڪيو. نومبر 2019ع ۾، انٽراڊو پنهنجي سسٽم ۾ خرابين، جيڪيون آگسٽ 2018ع ۾ ٿيو، جي ڪري آمريڪي خزاني کي <small>1,75,000</small> ڊالر ادا ڪرڻ تي راضي ٿيو. جنهن جي ڪري 6 رياستن ۾ 65 منٽن لاءِ لکين ماڻهو 911 رسائي کان محروم ٿي ويا. سيپٽمبر 2020ع ۾، انٽراڊو جي ڪري هڪ ڪلاڪ کان وڌيڪ عرصي تائين 14 رياستن ۾ 911 بندش جي رپورٽ ڪئي وئي. == ڪاميابيون == == اعزاز == اپريل 2013ع نيشنل ڪاليج ۽ ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن ۽ ڪاروباري حل ۾ ممتاز ڪميونٽي آجر. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن]] [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني]] mmr120ndy42hhqq6mbn488sgsngst30 373363 373362 2026-04-25T11:47:23Z Ibne maryam 17680 373363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|American call center company}} {{Infobox company | name = انترادو (Intrado) | logo = Intrado logo.svg | former_name = ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن<br>West Corporation | type = نجي ڪمپني<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref> | location = اوماها، [[نبراسڪا]]، {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | founder = {{ubl|گيري ويسٽ|ميري ويسٽ}} | key_people = {{ubl|جان شلونسڪي (سي اي او)| ميٽ ڪارٽر (صدر، لائف اينڊ سيفٽي ڊويزن)}} | num_employees = 9,659 (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=WSTC+Profile|title=WSTC Profile|publisher= Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | industry = {{ubl|يونيفائيڊ ڪميونيڪيشن| انٽرايڪٽو سروسز|اسپيشلائيزڊ ايجنٽ سروسز|ٽيليڪام سروسز| سيفٽي سروسز}} | revenue = منافعو 2.6 بلين آمريڪي ڊالر (2012)<ref name= "YF2">{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=WSTC+Key+Statistics|title=WSTC Key Statistics|publisher=Yahoo! Finance|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> | owner = اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ | homepage = {{URL| intrado.com}} }} '''انٽراڊو''' (Intrado)، اڳوڻو نالو ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن (West Corporation)، هڪ آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني آهي. ان کي پرائيويٽ ايڪوٽي فرم اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ پاران 11 آڪٽوبر 2017ع تي خريد ڪيو ويو.<ref name="omaha.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-ceo-retires-omaha-company-was-sold-to-new/article_f5e03368-c33b-11e7-92e1-df180e8ee94b.html | title=West Corp. CEO retires; Omaha company was sold to New York firm last month}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/18/business/company-news-west-to-buy-eci-conference-call-services.html|title=COMPANY NEWS; WEST TO BUY ECI CONFERENCE CALL SERVICES|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=11 July 2013|date=2004-11-18}}</ref> انٽراڊو کي سال2019ع ۾ پنجن مکيه حصن: ڪلائوڊ سهڪار، حفاظت (911 آپريشنز سميت)، انٽرپرائز رابطا، ڊجيٽل ميڊيا (اسٽريمنگ آپريشنز سميت) ۽ صحت ۽ تندرستي (صحت جي انشورنس ۽ ڪسٽمر سپورٽ سميت) ٻيهر منظم ڪيو ويو آهي. ان پنهنجي ٽيلي مارڪيٽنگ برانڊ کي ويسٽ روينيو جنريشن سروسز (WRGS) ڏانهن منتقل ڪيو. سال 2019ع ۾ اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ جي ملڪيت پڻ هئي. ==تاريخ== گيري ۽ ميري ويسٽ 1978ع ۾ آمريڪا جي واٽس مارڪيٽنگ جي گڏيل بنياد رکي. جوڙي 1985ع ۾ ڪمپني ڇڏي ڏني ۽ ميري ويسٽ 1986ع ۾ ٽرائي ايڊن سان گڏ ويسٽ ٽيلي سروسز قائم ڪئي. گيري ويسٽ هڪ سال پوء چيئرمين طور ويسٽ ٽيلي سروسز ۾ شامل ٿيو. پهرين ڏهاڪي دوران، ويسٽ ٽيلي سروسز هزارين ملازمن کي نوڪري تي رکيو ۽ خالص آمدني ۾ 100 ملين ڊالر کان وڌيڪ پهچي ويو. ويسٽ ٽيلي سروسز پنهنجي شين کي حصول جي هڪ سلسلي ذريعي وڌايو. جنهن ۾ ٽيل مارڪ سيلز انڪارپور، انٽرڪال، ٽيليووڪس ۽ هائپر ڪيوب شامل آهن. نومبر 1996ع ۾، ڪارپوريشن 2,000 ملازمن سان پبلڪ طور تي ظاهر ٿي. <small>2002ع</small> ۾، ويسٽ ٽيل مارڪ سيلز، ڊڪوٽا ڊائريڪٽ ۽ اٽينشن، ايل ايل سي حاصل ڪئي. ايندڙ سال، ويسٽ ڪانفرنسنگ ڪمپني انٽرڪال ۽ ڪانفرنس ڪال ڊاٽ ڪام حاصل ڪئي. 2006ع ۾ ويسٽ جيڪو 1996ع کان عوامي طور تي واپار ڪيو ويو هو. ٿامس ايڇ. لي پارٽنرز ۽ ڪواڊرينگل گروپ جي اڳواڻي ۾ سيڙپڪار گروپن جي اسپانسرشپ هيٺ ٻيهر سرمائيداري ڪئي وئي. گيري ۽ ميري ويسٽ ڪمپني جو 25 سيڪڙو برقرار رکيو. * جنوري 2015 ۾. ويسٽ پنهنجي ايجنٽ سروسز ڪاروبار کي الوريڪا کي وڪڻڻ جو اعلان ڪيو. وڪرو مارچ 2015 جي شروعات ۾ بند ٿي ويو. * آڪٽوبر 2017 ۾. ويسٽ کي اپولو گلوبل مئنيجمينٽ (نيو يارڪ تي ٻڌل هڪ خانگي ايڪوٽي فرم) طرفان 5.2 بلين ڊالر ۾ خريد ڪيو ويو. * 31 آگسٽ 2018 تي. ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن هڪ وڏو معاهدو وڃائڻ کان پوءِ پنهنجي مڊلٽن ۽ گرين بي، ڊبليو ڊبليو اسڪنسن جي وچ ۾ 148 ملازمن کي برطرف ڪيو. * 25 جون 2019 تي. ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن پاڻ کي انٽراڊو ۾ ري برانڊ ڪيو. * 11 سيپٽمبر 2020 تي. انٽراڊو ماس نوٽيفڪيشن سافٽ ويئر جي ڊولپر Syn-Apps LLC حاصل ڪئي. * 20 ڊسمبر 2020 تي. انٽراڊو اسپاريا حاصل ڪئي. * 31 جنوري 2023 تي. اسٽون پيڪ انٽراڊو لائف اينڊ سيفٽي کي 2.4 بلين ڊالر ۾ حاصل ڪيو. انٽراڊو جو نالو ۽ برانڊ حفاظتي ڪاروبار سان منتقل ٿيندو. انٽراڊو ڪارپوريشن پنهنجي باقي هولڊنگز کي ويسٽ ٽيڪنالاجي گروپ، ايل ايل سي ۾ ري برانڊ ڪيو. * 2 آڪٽوبر 2023 تي ميٽ ڪارٽر کي جيف رابرٽسن جي جاءِ تي انٽراڊو لائف اينڊ سيفٽي جو سي اي او مقرر ڪيو ويو. and [[Mary West]] co-founded WATS Marketing of America in 1978.<ref name="O">{{cite web|url=https://www.omaha.com/money/west-corp-s-public-offering-puts-a-face-on-behind/article_de7f8683-7c76-5603-8da2-a8653984491c.html|title=West Corp.'s public offering puts a face on behind-the-scenes operations|publisher=Omaha.com|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> The couple left the company in 1985 and [[Mary West]] founded West Teleservices with Troy Eaden in 1986.<ref name="O" /> Gary West joined West Teleservices one year later as chairman.<ref name="O" /> During the first decade, West Teleservices hired thousands of employees and reached over $100 million in net proceeds.<ref name= "O" /> West Teleservices expanded their products through a series of acquisitions, including Tel Mark Sales Inc., Intercall, Televox, and HyperCube.<ref name= "O" /> In November 1996, West went public with 2,000 employees.<ref name= "O" /> In 2002, West acquired Tel Mark Sales, Dakotah Direct, and Attention, LLC.<ref name= "O" /> The following year, West acquired conferencing company InterCall and ConferenceCall.com.<ref name= "O" /><ref name= "DM">{{cite web|url=http://www.dmnews.com/west-buys-conferencecallcom-for-385-million/article/82339/|title=West Buys ConferenceCall.com for $38.5 Million|publisher=Direct Marketing News|access-date=11 July 2013|archive-date=1 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801120538/http://www.dmnews.com/west-buys-conferencecallcom-for-385-million/article/82339/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2006, West which had been publicly traded since 1996, recapitalized under the sponsorship of investor groups led by [[Thomas H. Lee Partners]] and [[Quadrangle Group]].<ref name= "O" /> Gary and [[Mary West]] continued to maintain 25 percent of the company.<ref name= "O" /> In January 2015, West announced the sale of its agent services businesses to [[Alorica]]. The sale closed in early March 2015.<ref name="AgentSale2">{{cite web|url=http://www.insidearm.com/daily/debt-collection-news/debt-collection/alorica-completes-acquisition-of-west-corporations-agent-services-businesses-including-arm/|title=Alorica Completes Acquisition of West Corporation's Agent Services Businesses, Including ARM|access-date=20 August 2016|date=2015-03-05}}</ref> In October 2017, West was purchased by Apollo Global Management, a New York-based private equity firm, for $5.2 billion.<ref name="omaha.com"/> On August 31, 2018 West Corporation laid off 148 employees between their Middleton, WI and Green Bay, WI location after losing a major contract.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bollier |first1=Jeff |title=West Corp. to lay off 148 after losing contract, including 36 at Ashwaubenon office |url=https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/money/2018/08/06/west-corp-loses-contract-lays-off-148-wisconsin-workers-ashwaubenon/914103002/ |website=Green Bay Press-Gazette}}</ref> On June 25, 2019 West Corporation rebranded itself to Intrado.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/06/25/1874053/0/en/West-Corporation-Announces-Rebrand-to-Intrado.html| title=West Corporation announces rebrand to Intrado| date=25 June 2019}}</ref> On September 11, 2020 Intrado acquired Syn-Apps LLC, developer of mass notification software.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.syn-apps.com/news-press/intrado-acquires-syn-apps-to-accelerate-iot-in-protecting-the-public-and-improving-emergency-response/| title=Intrado Acquires Syn-Apps to Accelerate IoT in Protecting the Public and Improving Emergency Response| date=11 September 2022}}</ref> On December 20, 2020 Intrado acquired Asparia<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.healthcareittoday.com/2020/12/22/intrado-acquires-asparia/| title=Intrado acquires Asparia| date=22 December 2020}}</ref> On January 31, 2023 [[Stonepeak]] acquired Intrado Life & Safety for $2.4 billion. The Intrado name and brand will transition with the safety business. Intrado Corporation rebranded its remaining holdings to West Technology Group, LLC.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pehub.com/stonepeak-completes-acquisition-of-intrados-safety-business/#:~:text=Stonepeak%20has%20closed%20its%20previously,the%20deal%20was%20%242.4%20billion. | title=Stonepeak completes acquisition of Intrado's safety business|website=www.pehub.com}}</ref> On October 2, 2023 Matt Carter was appointed CEO of Intrado Life & Safety replacing Jeff Robertson.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.intrado.com/news-releases/intrado-announces-leadership-transition | title= Matt Carter replaces Jeff Robertson as CEO|website=www.intrado.com}}</ref> == نالي جي تاريخ == <nowiki>*</nowiki> نومبر 1996ع: ويسٽ ٽيلي سروسز ڪارپوريشن. <nowiki>*</nowiki> جنوري 1، 2001ع: ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن. <nowiki>*</nowiki> جون 25، 2019ع: انٽراڊو. == تڪرارون == اپريل 2014 ۾. انٽراڊو جزوي طور تي 14 رياستن جي 911 بندش جو ذميوار هو. جنهن اندازاً 6,000 ايمرجنسي مدد ڪالون ۽ 11 ملين ماڻهن کي متاثر ڪيو. نتيجي طور، فيڊرل ڪورٽ انٽراڊو تي 1.4 ملين ڊالر جو جرمانو ڪيو. نومبر 2019ع ۾، انٽراڊو پنهنجي سسٽم ۾ خرابين، جيڪيون آگسٽ 2018ع ۾ ٿيو، جي ڪري آمريڪي خزاني کي <small>1,75,000</small> ڊالر ادا ڪرڻ تي راضي ٿيو. جنهن جي ڪري 6 رياستن ۾ 65 منٽن لاءِ لکين ماڻهو 911 رسائي کان محروم ٿي ويا. سيپٽمبر 2020ع ۾، انٽراڊو جي ڪري هڪ ڪلاڪ کان وڌيڪ عرصي تائين 14 رياستن ۾ 911 بندش جي رپورٽ ڪئي وئي. == ڪاميابيون == == اعزاز == اپريل 2013ع نيشنل ڪاليج ۽ ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن ۽ ڪاروباري حل ۾ ممتاز ڪميونٽي آجر. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن]] [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپني]] 2r4726qvsvmu0p6r5dtroprnnj9pf6h 0 10849 373218 312792 2026-04-24T17:07:02Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:1893ع جون پيدائشون]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{صندوق معلومات شخص}} '''فاطمہ جناح''' [[محمد علي جناح]] جي ڀيڻ هئي.هن جي پيدائش 31 جولاء 1893ء تي ٿي.هو هڪ ڊينٽل سرجن، ليکڪہ ۽ سياستدان هئي. هن جي وفات 9 جولاء 1967 تي 73 سالن جي عمر ۾ ٿي. == حوالا == {{حوالا}} {{تحريڪ آزادي هند}} [[زمرو:تحريڪ پاڪستان]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جي قومي اسيمبلي جون عورت رڪن]] [[زمرو:قائداعظم]] [[زمرو:ڪراچي جا سياستدان]] [[زمرو:ڪراچي جا ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:1893ع جون پيدائشون]] [[زمرو:1967ع جون فوتگيون]] aolruglpqf6vti9kz3ae8v5066wq20n 14 14602 373235 355712 2026-04-24T18:07:37Z Memon2025 21315 373235 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:قانوني وجود]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري ادارا]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري اصطلاح]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري معشيت]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري تنظيمون]] 017l7s4joavwbtxq2xcbvlp2qd0m2g6 14 14603 373221 359714 2026-04-24T17:52:29Z Memon2025 21315 373221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Portal|ڪاروبار|معاشيات}} وڪيميڊيا ڪامنز ۾ ڪاروبار سان لاڳاپيل ميڊيا آهي. هن زمري لاءِ مکيه مضمون [[ڪاروبار]] آهي. اهو پڻ ڏسو: [[:زمرو:سرمائيداري]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري وجود جا قسم]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار بلحاظ ملڪ]] [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:روزگار]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار جو انتظام]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار بابت ڪم]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار سان لاڳاپيل فهرستون]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار سان لاڳاپيل ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري ڪمپيوٽنگ]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري ثقافت]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري ضلعا]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري دستاويز]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري معاشيات]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار جي تعليم]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري اخلاقيات]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري واقعا]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري اشاريا]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار جي تاريخ]] [[زمرو:صنعتون (معاشيات)]] [[زمرو:بين الاقوامي ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري صحافت]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري قانون]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري انتظام]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري پيشا]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري تنظيمون]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري ملڪيت]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري عمل]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري اصطلاحون]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري سفر]] [[زمرو:بصري فنون جو ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:ڪم جي جاءِ]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار جا اسٽب]] * [[ڪاروبار]] * [[ريئل اسٽيٽ جو ڪاروبار]] * [[زرعي ڪاروبار]] * [[ڪاروباري ڊائريڪٽري]] * [[ڪاروباري رابطي جا نيٽ ورڪ]] * [[ڪاروباري ڀائيواري]] * [[ڪاروباري شعبو]] * [[سرمائيداري]] * [[ڪلائنٽ (ڪاروبار)]] * [[بندش (ڪاروبار)]] * [[بنيادي ڪاروبار]] * [[رجسٽرڊ آفيس]] * [[مذهب ۽ ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:سماج]] [[زمرو:معاشيات]] [[زمرو:قانوني وجود]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:ادارا بلحاظ قسم]] [[زمرو:معيشت جا شعبا]] [[زمرو:اصل مقالو جماعت بندي]] tnbw9iex1uluk9vwlvzhfgg535xvb75 373224 373221 2026-04-24T17:58:06Z Memon2025 21315 373224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Portal|ڪاروبار|معاشيات}} وڪيميڊيا ڪامنز ۾ ڪاروبار سان لاڳاپيل ميڊيا آهي. هن زمري لاءِ مکيه مضمون [[ڪاروبار]] آهي. اهو پڻ ڏسو: [[:زمرو:سرمائيداري]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري وجود جا قسم]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار بلحاظ ملڪ]] [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:روزگار]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار جو انتظام]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار بابت ڪم]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار سان لاڳاپيل فهرستون]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار سان لاڳاپيل ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري ڪمپيوٽنگ]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري ثقافت]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري ضلعا]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري دستاويز]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري معاشيات]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار جي تعليم]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري اخلاقيات]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري واقعا]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري اشاريا]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار جي تاريخ]] [[زمرو:صنعتون (معاشيات)]] [[زمرو:بين الاقوامي ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري صحافت]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري قانون]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري انتظام]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري پيشا]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري تنظيمون]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري ملڪيت]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري عمل]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري اصطلاحون]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري سفر]] [[زمرو:بصري فنون جو ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:ڪم جي جاءِ]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار جا اسٽب]] * [[ڪاروبار]] * [[ريئل اسٽيٽ جو ڪاروبار]] * [[زرعي ڪاروبار]] * [[ڪاروباري ڊائريڪٽري]] * [[ڪاروباري رابطي جا نيٽ ورڪ]] * [[ڪاروباري ڀائيواري]] * [[ڪاروباري شعبو]] * [[سرمائيداري]] * [[ڪلائنٽ (ڪاروبار)]] * [[بندش (ڪاروبار)]] * [[بنيادي ڪاروبار]] * [[رجسٽرڊ آفيس]] * [[مذهب ۽ ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:سماج]] [[زمرو:معاشيات]] [[زمرو:قانوني وجود]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:ادارا بلحاظ قسم]] [[زمرو:معيشت جا شعبا]] [[زمرو:اصل مقالو جماعت بندي]] jfbt8hfr6llgyllqfyvyorjl8xs6708 373238 373224 2026-04-24T18:11:54Z Memon2025 21315 373238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Portal|ڪاروبار|معاشيات}} وڪيميڊيا ڪامنز ۾ ڪاروبار سان لاڳاپيل ميڊيا آهي. هن زمري لاءِ مکيه مضمون [[ڪاروبار]] آهي. اهو پڻ ڏسو: [[:زمرو:سرمائيداري]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار جا اسٽب]] * [[ڪاروبار]] * [[ريئل اسٽيٽ جو ڪاروبار]] * [[زرعي ڪاروبار]] * [[ڪاروباري ڊائريڪٽري]] * [[ڪاروباري رابطي جا نيٽ ورڪ]] * [[ڪاروباري ڀائيواري]] * [[ڪاروباري شعبو]] * [[سرمائيداري]] * [[ڪلائنٽ (ڪاروبار)]] * [[بندش (ڪاروبار)]] * [[بنيادي ڪاروبار]] * [[رجسٽرڊ آفيس]] * [[مذهب ۽ ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:سماج]] [[زمرو:معاشيات]] [[زمرو:قانوني وجود]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:ادارا بلحاظ قسم]] [[زمرو:معيشت جا شعبا]] [[زمرو:اصل مقالو جماعت بندي]] qtcd4p0dojtgxrnw9juhnoq7ok7dyca 373240 373238 2026-04-24T18:15:54Z Memon2025 21315 373240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Category diffuse}} {{portal|Business and economics}} {{Commonscat}} {{Cat main}} وڪيميڊيا ڪامنز ۾ ڪاروبار سان لاڳاپيل ميڊيا آهي. هن زمري لاءِ مکيه مضمون [[ڪاروبار]] آهي. اهو پڻ ڏسو: [[:زمرو:سرمائيداري]] * [[ڪاروبار]] * [[ريئل اسٽيٽ جو ڪاروبار]] * [[زرعي ڪاروبار]] * [[ڪاروباري ڊائريڪٽري]] * [[ڪاروباري رابطي جا نيٽ ورڪ]] * [[ڪاروباري ڀائيواري]] * [[ڪاروباري شعبو]] * [[سرمائيداري]] * [[ڪلائنٽ (ڪاروبار)]] * [[بندش (ڪاروبار)]] * [[بنيادي ڪاروبار]] * [[رجسٽرڊ آفيس]] * [[مذهب ۽ ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:سماج]] [[زمرو:معيشت]] [[زمرو:قانوني وجود]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:معيشت جا شعبا]] [[زمرو:اصل مقالو جماعت بندي]] moroyxgwbqinrx5yx54mwrw8hnmifbh 373241 373240 2026-04-24T18:16:59Z Memon2025 21315 373241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Category diffuse}} {{portal|Business and economics}} {{Commonscat}} {{Cat main}} هن زمري لاءِ مکيه مضمون [[ڪاروبار]] آهي. اهو پڻ ڏسو: [[:زمرو:سرمائيداري]] * [[ڪاروبار]] * [[ريئل اسٽيٽ جو ڪاروبار]] * [[زرعي ڪاروبار]] * [[ڪاروباري ڊائريڪٽري]] * [[ڪاروباري رابطي جا نيٽ ورڪ]] * [[ڪاروباري ڀائيواري]] * [[ڪاروباري شعبو]] * [[سرمائيداري]] * [[ڪلائنٽ (ڪاروبار)]] * [[بندش (ڪاروبار)]] * [[بنيادي ڪاروبار]] * [[رجسٽرڊ آفيس]] * [[مذهب ۽ ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:سماج]] [[زمرو:معيشت]] [[زمرو:قانوني وجود]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:معيشت جا شعبا]] [[زمرو:اصل مقالو جماعت بندي]] sqefkntjeensjexq8e6hfixhn650irs 373242 373241 2026-04-24T18:18:34Z Memon2025 21315 373242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Category diffuse}} {{portal|ڪاروبار ۽ اقتصاديات}} {{Commonscat}} {{Cat main}} هن زمري لاءِ مکيه مضمون [[ڪاروبار]] آهي. اهو پڻ ڏسو: [[:زمرو:سرمائيداري]] * [[ڪاروبار]] * [[ريئل اسٽيٽ جو ڪاروبار]] * [[زرعي ڪاروبار]] * [[ڪاروباري ڊائريڪٽري]] * [[ڪاروباري رابطي جا نيٽ ورڪ]] * [[ڪاروباري ڀائيواري]] * [[ڪاروباري شعبو]] * [[سرمائيداري]] * [[ڪلائنٽ (ڪاروبار)]] * [[بندش (ڪاروبار)]] * [[بنيادي ڪاروبار]] * [[رجسٽرڊ آفيس]] * [[مذهب ۽ ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:سماج]] [[زمرو:معيشت]] [[زمرو:قانوني وجود]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:معيشت جا شعبا]] [[زمرو:اصل مقالو جماعت بندي]] 0xbnvpu9o2szmna6loaalvot1bl8inh 0 15389 373248 338183 2026-04-24T18:52:23Z Memon2025 21315 /* وڌيڪ ڏسو */ 373248 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Carlos_Luis_Michel_Fumero_-_Equipo_de_Aducarga.jpg | thumb | 220x124px | right | ھڪ ڪمپنيءَ جا ملازم]]'''''ڪمپني''' ({{lang-en|Company}}) [[ڪمپني قانون|ڪاروباري تنظيم]] جي هڪ شڪل آهي۔'' [[زمرو:تنظيمون]] [[زمرو:بين الاقوامي تنظيمون]] == وڌيڪ ڏسو == * [[ڪارپوريشن|وڏي ڪمپني]] <small>(corporation)</small> * [[ڀائيواري|حصيداري]] <small>(partnership)</small> * [[تجارت]]<small>(Trade)</small> * [[ڪاروبار]]<small>(business)</small> {{متضاد بين الوڪي}} [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري ادارا]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري تنظيمون]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري وجود جا قسم]] 9rdlo71prhpmc4k7zuvrls4byt6ge5r 0 17230 373212 361732 2026-04-24T16:14:28Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:سنڌي ودوان]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373212 wikitext text/x-wiki [[فائل:Maulānā_Sayyid_Taj_Mahmūd_Amrōtī.jpg|thumb|مولانا سيد تاج محمود امروٽي]] سنڌ جو ناميارو عالم مولانا '''تاج محمود امروٽي''' سال 1857ع ۾ پيدا ٿيو. مولانا امروٽي، وڏو متوڪل ۽ فنا في الله بزرگ هو. سڄي زندگي اسلامي تبليغ ۽ عوامي فلاح جي ڪمن ۾ حصو ورتائين. مولانا صاحب ديني درس تدريس سان گڏ سياسي ميدان ۾ به خدمتون سرانجام ڏنيون. خاص طرح ” خلافت تحريڪ “، ” هجرت تحريڪِ“، ”ترڪَ موالات تحريڪِ“ ۽ ”ريشمي رومال تحريڪ“ ۾ حصو ورتائين. پاڻ امروٽ ۾ دارالعلوم قائم ڪيائين، جنهن ۾ مولانا عبيدالله سنڌي پڻ ستن سالن تائين درس ڏنو. هن مدرسي مان مولانا حماد الله هاليجوي ۽ مولانا احمد علي لاهوريءَ جهڙا عالم پيدا ٿيا. شيخ الهند مولانا محمود الحسن پڻ امروٽ شريف ايندو رهندو هو. مولانا تاج محمود، امروٽ ۾ ديني ادب جي اشاعت لاءِ هڪ پرنٽنگ پريس ”محمود المطالع“ قائم ڪري، ماهوار سنڌي رسالو ”هدايت الاخوان“ شايع ڪيو. پاڻ 5 نومبر 1929ع تي وفات ڪيائين. == ابتدائي تعليم == هن ابتدائي تعليم پنهنجي والد مولانا سيد عبدالقادر وٽان حاصل ڪئي. عربي تعليم مولانا عبدالقادر پنهواريءَ (تعلقي روهڙيءَ) کان ورتائين. جوانيءَ ۾ حافظ محمد صديق جي خدمت ۾ ڀرچونڊي شريف پهتو ۽ کانئس بيعت ورتائين. سندس ئي هدايت تي اباڻي ڳوٺ ”ديوانيءَ“ کي ڇڏي، ڳڙهي ياسين (ضلعي شڪارپور) جي ڳوٺ ”امروٽ“ ۾ سڪونت اختيار ڪيائين. هن بزرگ امروٽ ۾ اچي اتي موجود بدعتون ختم ڪرايون. مولانا امروٽي، وڏو متوڪل ۽ فنا في الله بزرگ هو. ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ٻه ٻه وقت فاقا به ڪڍندو هو. سندس خانقاهه، ”صفه“ جو نمونو ۽ روحاني فيض جي ڳولائن لاءِ تمام اهم دارالعلوم هئي.<ref name="سنڌيانا">[http://www.encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.phpDflt=تاج%20محمود%20امروٽي ''انسائيڪلوپيڊيا سنڌيانا، جلد ٻيون، سنڌي لئنگئيج اٿارٽي، حيدرآباد.'']{{مئل ڳنڍڻو|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == شادي ۽ اولاد == مولانا تاج محمود جي شادي سندس چاچي سيد مهر علي شاهه جي نياڻيءَ سان ٿي، کيس ”حسن شاهه“ نالي پٽ به ڄائو، جيڪو ٻارهن ورهين جي ڄمار ۾ وفات ڪري ويو. ٻه شاديون ٻيون به ڪيائين، پر انهن مان به کيس اولاد نه ٿيو. مولانا صاحب کي پنهنجي پٽ ”حسن شاهه“ سان پيار هو، جنهن سبب پنهنجو تخلص ”حسن“ اختيار ڪيائين.<ref name="سنڌيانا"/> == خدمتون == سڄي زندگي اسلامي تبليغ ۽ عوامي فلاح جي ڪمن ۾ حصو ورتائين. مولانا صاحب ديني درس تدريس سان گڏ سياسي ميدان ۾ به خدمتون سرانجام ڏنيون. خاص طرح ” خلافت تحريڪ “، ” هجرت تحريڪِ“، ”ترڪَ موالات تحريڪِ“ ۽ ”[[ريشمي رومال تحريڪ]]“ ۾ حصو ورتائين. پاڻ امروٽ ۾ دارالعلوم قائم ڪيائين، جنهن ۾ مولانا عبيدالله سنڌي پڻ ستن سالن تائين درس ڏنو. هن مدرسي مان مولانا حماد الله هاليجوي ۽ مولانا احمد علي لاهوريءَ جهڙا عالم پيدا ٿيا. شيخ الهند مولانا محمود الحسن پڻ امروٽ شريف ايندو رهندو هو. مولانا تاج محمود، امروٽ ۾ ديني ادب جي اشاعت لاءِ هڪ پرنٽنگ پريس ”محمود المطالع“ قائم ڪري، ماهوار سنڌي رسالو ”هدايت الاخوان“ شايع ڪيو. مولانا امروٽي انگريزن جو سخت مخالف هو ۽ ڪنهن به انگريز جو منهن ڏسڻ پسند نه ڪندو هو.<ref name="سنڌيانا"/> == تصنيفون == مولانا امروٽي سنڌي ٻوليءَ جو قادرالڪلام شاعر به هو. سنڌي ٻوليءَ ۾ قرآن مجيد جو ترجمو ۽ تفسير سندس اهم ۽ يادگار تصنيف آهي. سنڌيءَ ۾ سندس منظوم رسالو ”پريت ناما“ ۽ سورة ياسين جو منظوم ترجمو پڻ گهڻا مقبول آهن.<ref name="سنڌيانا"/> == ڪردار == سندس موهيندڙ شخصيت ۽ حسن اخلاق، هندو توڙي مسلمان، ننڍي توڙي وڏي، ٻار توڙي ٻڍي، هر فرد کي پاڻ ڏانهن ڇڪيو ۽ ڪيترن غير مسلمانن کي اسلام جي دائري ۾ آندو. جمعي جي نماز لاءِ شهر جي جامع مسجد ڏانهن ويندي، گهٽين ۾ هندو مرد، عورتون ۽ ٻار، دعا يا پاڻي پڙهائڻ لاءِ ٿانوَ کنيو سندن انتظار ۾ بيٺا هوندا هئا. ان وقت سنڌ ۾ ”شڌي“ پرچار به زور شور سان جاري هو ۽ ڪن متعصب هندن، مولانا امروٽيءَ خلاف شور مچايو ۽ مٿس ڪيس به ڪيا، جيڪي سالن جا سال هلندا رهيا. 1922ع ۾ انگريز سرڪار، بئراج جي واهن جي کوٽائي شروع ڪئي، تڏهن کيس اطلاع مليو ته واهن کوٽڻ جي رِٿ مڪمل ٿي رهي آهي. جنهن ۾ ڪي مسجدون به شهيد ٿينديون. اها خبر ٻڌڻ وقت، علالت جي بستري تي هوندي به هڪدم اٿي ويهي رهيو ۽ بلند آواز سان فرمايائين ته ”آهن ڪي مرد مجاهد، جي الله جي گهرن کي تباهيءَ کان بچائين، جن الله جي گهرن جي حفاظت ڪئي، انهن لاءِ آخرت ۾ گهر ٺهندو.“ کانئس بيماري وسري وئي ۽ جماعتين کي گهرائي، مسجدن جي تحفظ لاءِ پيغام موڪليائين. هن ڪوشش پٺيان هڪ پاسي شعائرالله (قديم آثار/ خدا جا نشان) کي بچائڻ ۽ انگريز سامراج سان ٽڪر کائڻ ۽ ملڪ کي آزاد ڪرائڻ مقصود هو. هن مقصد ۾ مولانا امروٽيءَ کي آخر فتح حاصل ٿي ۽ ڪيتريون مسجدون بئراج جي زد کان بچايون ويون. مولانا امروٽيءَ کي سلوڪ جي چئني طريقن قادري، نقشبندي، چشتي ۽ سهرورديءَ جي فيض جي تلقين مليل هئي، پر قادري سلسلي تي خاص عبور حاصل هو ۽ اڪثر تلقين به قادري طريقي جي ڪندو هو.<ref name="سنڌيانا"/> == وفات == چون ٿا ته انگريزن مولانا تاج محمود امروٽيءَ کي ڳجهيءَ طرح زهر ڏياريو هو، جنهن جي اثر کان ڪمزور ٿي، پاڻ 5 نومبر 1929ع تي وفات ڪيائين.<ref name="سنڌيانا"/> == حوالا == {{حوالا}} {{سنڌي عالم}} {{برطانوي-سلطنت-stub}} [[زمرو:اسلامي شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:سنڌي شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ودوان]] [[زمرو:ضلعو خيرپور جا ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:1857ع جون پيدائشون]] [[زمرو:1929ع جون فوتگيون]] [[زمرو:Articles with short description]] haxhlk6oytzbcxu08b2eeilzuqv8ba2 0 17490 373209 350116 2026-04-24T16:03:43Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:سنڌي ودوان]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = حسن علي آفندي<br>Hassan Ali Effendi | honorific_suffix = خانبھادر | image = | imagesize = | caption = | other_names = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1830|08|14}} | birth_place = [[هالا تعلقو|هالا]]، [[حيدرآباد، پاڪستان|حيدرآباد]]، [[سنڌ]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1895|08|20|1830|08|14}} | death_place = [[ڪراچي]] | burial_place =وصيت مطابق حيدرآباد، سنڌ ۾ سندس باغ ۾ | occupation =سرڪاري ملازم، وڪيل، سماج سڌارڪ | nationality = سنڌي | alma_mater = | notable_works = [[سنڌ مدرستہ الاسلام يونيورسٽي|سنڌ مدرسة السلام، ڪراچي]] (ھاڻي [[سنڌ مدرستہ الاسلام يونيورسٽي]]) جو قيام | spouse = | influences = [[سرسيد احمد خان]] | signature = }} '''حسن علي آفندي''' (Hassan Ali Afandi؛ 14 آگسٽ 1830ع - 20 آگسٽ 1895ع) [[ڏکڻ ايشيا]] ۾ هڪ تعليمي ماهر هو، جنهن کي [[برطانوي هندستان]] ۾ پهرين مسلم اسڪولن مان هڪ، [[سنڌ مدرسة الاسلام]] (سال 1885ع ۾ قائم ڪيل) جي باني طور سڃاتو وڃي ٿو، جيڪو اڄوڪي [[سنڌ]]، [[پاڪستان]] ۾ [[ڪراچي]] ۾ واقع آهي. [[پاڪستان]] جي باني، [[محمد علي جناح|قائد اعظم، محمد علي جناح]]، جيڪو سال 1887ع ۾ مدرسي ۾ داخل ٿيو، جو شمار اسڪول جي مشهور گريجوئيٽن مان ٿيندو آهي. اسڪول جي ٻين قابل ذڪر گريجوئيٽس ۾ [[شاھنواز ڀٽو|سر شاهنواز ڀٽو،]] [[عبدالله هارون|حاجي عبدالله هارون]]، [[غلام حسين ھدايت الله|سر غلام حسين هدايت الله]] ۽ [[امداد علي امام علي قاضي|علامه آءِ آءِ. قاضي]] شامل آهن. ==پس منظر== حسن علي آفندي 14 آگسٽ 1830ع تي [[هالا تعلقو|هالا]]، [[سنڌ]]، [[برطانوي هندستان]] ۾ پيدا ٿيو. آفندي جو تعلق [[حيدرآباد، پاڪستان|حيدرآباد]]، [[سنڌ]] جي آخوندن جي هڪ معزز خاندان سان هو. هي خاندان ترڪي نسل هو. حسن علي ننڍي هوندي ئي پنهنجي والد کي وڃائي ڇڏيو ۽ سندس پرورش سندس وڏو ڀاءُ، اميد علي آخوند ڪئي. جيئن ته آخوند خاندان جي روايت موجب، هن کي هڪ مقامي مدرسي ۾ قرآن سکڻ ۽ پڙهڻ ۽ فارسي زبان جي بنياديات سکڻ لاءِ داخل ڪيو ويو. هن روايتي تعليم پوري ڪرڻ کان پوءِ، حسن عليءَ کي [[نوشهرو فيروز ضلعو|نوشهرو فيروز]] جي ڊپٽي ڪليڪٽر جي آفيس ۾ ڪلرڪ جي نوڪري ملي. اتي سندس هڪ عيسائي ساٿيءَ، کيس [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] سکڻ لاءِ قائل ڪيو، اها ٻولي، جيڪا ان وقت برصغير ​​هندستان ۾ مسلمانن ۾ سکڻ عيب سمجهي ويندي هئي. ان جي باوجود، هن پنهنجي فرصت جو سمورو وقت انگريزي سکڻ لاءِ وقف ڪري ڇڏيو ۽ جلد ئي انگريزي پڙهڻ، لکڻ ۽ ڳالهائڻ ۾ مناسب مهارت حاصل ڪري ورتي. بعد ۾، حسن علي آفندي انڊس فلوٽلا، هڪ شپنگ ڪمپني لاءِ ڪم ڪرڻ لڳو. 1860ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ ڌاري، جڏهن هو اڃا ڪمپنيءَ ۾ ڪم ڪري رهيو هو، ته ڪراچيءَ مان هڪ انگريز جج، مڊلٽن نالي، هڪ ٻيڙيءَ ذريعي [[سنڌو درياهه]]، صبح جو پار ڪرڻ لاءِ، هڪ ٻيءَ ٻيڙيءَ تي رات گذاري. مڊلٽن حسن علي آفندي کي هڪ انگريزي ڪتاب پڙهندي ڏٺو، جيڪا هو آئل ليمپ جي مدھم روشنيءَ ۾ پڙهي رهيو هو. اهو ڏسي حيران ٿيس ته اهو شخص مسلمان هو، هن ڪافي متاثر ٿيو ۽ کيس ڪراچيءَ جي ڊسٽرڪٽ ڪورٽ ۾ سٺ روپيه مهيني جي شاندار پگهار تي مترجم جي حيثيت سان ملازمت پيش ڪيو. == ڪيريئر == تعليم حاصل ڪرڻ کان پوءِ پهريائين پندرهن ويهن روپين تي ”جهرڪ“ ڳوٺ جي ويجهو، راڄي نظاماڻي ڳوٺ وٽ درياءَ جي پتڻ تي ”ڏاڪ منشي“ مقرر ٿيو . ان وقت درياءَ جي مختلف پتڻن تي ڪاٺيون گڏ ڪري، ٻيڙين رستي جدا جدا شهرن ڏانهن موڪليون وينديون هيون. انهن ڪاٺين کي ”ڏاڪ“ سڏيو ويندو هو. جلد ئي نوشهروفيروز جي ڊپٽي ڪليڪٽر جي آفيس ۾ ويهن پنجويهن روپين پگهارتي منشي مقرر ٿيو. اتي جي ڪلارڪ کان واندڪائيءَ واري وقت ۾ انگريزي سکيائين. جلد ئي انگريزي لکڻ، پڙهڻ ۽ ڳالهائڻ جهڙو ٿيو. انهن ڏينهن ريلوي ڪانه هئي، ۽ سکر ۽ ڪوٽڙيءَ جي وچ ۾ ”“انڊس فلاٽيلا“ نالي جهاز هلندو هو. ميان مرحوم کي ڪجهه وڌيڪ پگهار سان ان جهاز جي ڪوٽڙيءَ واري آفيس ۾ ڪلارڪي ملي ويئي. اتي هن پنهنجي لياقتن ۽ صلاحيتن سبب چڱو نالو ڪڍيو، ۽ انگريزيءَ ۾ به وڌيڪ مهارت حاصل ڪيائين. سندس لياقت ۽ محنت کي ڏسي، ڪراچيءَ جو جج مسٽر ملٽن کائنس ڏاڍو متاثر ٿيو، ۽ کيس ڊسٽرڪٽ ڪورٽ ڪراچي جو سرشتيدار ۽ ترجمان مقرر ڪيائين<ref name = " عبدالمجيد "/>. ڪورٽن ۾ هن وڪيلن جي ڪارڪردگي ڏٺي، ۽ قانوني موشگافيون ٻڌيون. ان مان گهڻو ڪجهه پرايائين، ۽ محنت ڪري انگريزيءَ ۾ به هڻي مهارت حاصل ڪيائين. قانون ۾ ايتري قدر ته ڄاڻ حاصل ڪيائين، جو مسٽر ملٽن، امتحان پاس ڪرڻ کان سواءِ کيس وڪالت جي سند ڏني، ۽ هو حيدرآباد ۾ وڪالت ڪرڻ لڳو<ref name = "عبدالمجيد "/>.نهن ڏينهن ۾ مسلمان وڪيل اصل ڪونه هوندا هئا. ۽ جوابدار اڪثر مسلمان هوندا هئا. انهيءَ ڪري حسن علي مرحوم کي تمام گهڻا ڪيس ملڻ لڳا. هن به ڪيسن تي خوب محنت ڪري، وڪالت ۾ چڱو نالو ڪڍيو. ڪجهه وقت کان پوءِ هو سرڪاري وڪيل يا پبلڪ پراسڪيوٽر ۽ گورنمينٽ پليڊر مقرر ڪيو ويو. آخر ڪراچيءَ ۾ اچي رهڻ لڳو، ۽ اتي پنهنجي آفيس قائم ڪيائين. انهيءَ عهدي تي 13-14 سال ڪم ڪيائين. انهن ڏينهن ۾ ڪيترائي جج آيا، جن سڀني کيس سٺا سرٽيفڪيٽ ڏنا، ۽ سندس هوشياريءَ جي تعريف ڪئي<ref name = "عبدالمجيد "/>. مسٽر مئڪفرسن، جڊيشنل ڪمشنر کيس سمال ڪاز ڪورٽ جي جج جي آڇ ڪئي، پر هن اها قبول نه ڪئي.<ref name = " عبدالمجيد "/> وڪالت ۾ هن چڱو ناڻو ڪمايو، ۽ مئڪلوڊ روڊ تي بنگلو ٺهرائي، خوشحال زندگي گذارڻ لڳو، پنهنجي خوش اخلاقيءَ سبب معاشري ۾ به پاڻ کي ڏاڍو مقبول بنايائين، جنهن ڪري عام توڙي خاص کيس عزت ۽ احترام جي نظر سان ڏسڻ لڳا<ref name = "عبدالمجيد "/>. == خدمتون == {{POV section}} انهن ڏينهن ۾ مسلمان، جديد تعليم ۾ ڏاڍو پوئتي پيل هئا. کيس مسلمانن جي ترقي ۽ واڌاري جو سدائين اونو رهندو هو. هن جو خيال هو، ته مسلمان پڙهي پون، ته جيئن ٻين قومن سان ڪلهو ڪلهي ۾ ملائي، زماني جي حالتن موجب زندگيءَ جي ڊوڙ ۾ حصو وٺي سگهن. اهو مقصد سامهون رکي، هن مسٽر ڏيارام ڄيٺمل سان گڏجي ”سنڌ سڀ“ ۾ ڪم ڪرڻ شروع ڪيو، پر هن محسوس ڪيو ته ان مان مسلمانن کي خاصو فائدو نه ٿو ملي<ref name = "عبدالمجيد "/>. اتفاق اهڙو ٿوي جو انهن ڏينهن ۾ ڪلڪتي جي ”محمدن ائسوسئيشن“ جو باني، مشهور اهل قلم ۽ بيريسٽر امير علي ڪيس جي سلسلي ۾ سنڌ ۾ آيو، ان جي صلاح سان حسن علي مرحوم ڪوشش وٺي ڪراچي ۾ ”محمدن ائسوسئيشن“ قائم ڪئي، پهريائين اهو ادارو ڪراچيءَ واري انجمن جي شاخ هئي، پر جلدئي پوءِ خودمختيار اداري جي حيثيت ۾ ڪم ڪرڻ لڳو. حسن علي آفندي مرحوم ان جو صدر ٿيو، ۽ ڪراچي، حيدرآباد ۽ ٻين شهرن جا مک ماڻهو ان جا ميمبر ٿيا. ڪراچيءَ کان سواءِ حيدرآباد ۽ ٻين شهرن ۾ به ان جون شاخون قائم ڪيون ويون. انهيءَ انجمن سنڌ جي مسلمانن جا اهنج دور ڪرڻ ۽ مسلمانن جي تعليم جي سڌاري ۽ واڌاري جي سلسلي ۾ تمام گهڻي ڪوشش ورتي. سنڌ انڪمبرڊ اسٽيٽ ائڪٽ، انهيءَ انجمن جي ڪوشش سان جاري ٿيو.<ref name = "عبدالمجيد "/> حسن علي آفندي مرحوم محسوس ڪيو، ته مسلمانن جي تعليم جي حصول لاءِ هڪ جدا اسڪول جي ضروت آهي، جنهن ۾ ديني تعليم جو به معقول بندوبست هجي. ان سان گڏ بورڊنگ به هجي، جتي سنڌ جي ڪنڊ ڪڙڇ جا شاگرد اچي رهن. انهيءَ رٿ کي عملي جامو پهرائڻ لاءِ وڏي جدوجهد ڪيائين. سڄي سنڌ گهمي چندا گڏ ڪيائين، ۽ سڀني ميونسپالٽين ۽ لوڪلبورڊن کان به رقمون ڇڏايائين. نه فقط ايترو پر ان ڪم لاءِ هندستان جي ٻين شهرن جهڙوڪ: بمبئي، ڪلڪتو، مدراس، حيدرآباد دکن جا دورا به ڪيائين. مخالف ڌر سندس ڪم ۾ اٽڪاءُ وجهڻ جي ڪوشش ڪئي، پر هن هر ڳالهه کي مڙس ٿي منهن ڏنو. آخر سندس ڪوششن رنگ لاتو، ۽ 1885ع ۾ بولٽن مارڪيٽ جي سامهون ”سنڌ مدرسته الاسلام“ جاري ٿيو. ان جو پهريون پرنسپال مولوي عمرالدين مقرر ٿيو. جو پنجاب کان آيل هو. ان کان پوءِ حسن علي آفندي جو فرزند ولي محمد 1887ع کان 1897ع تائين پرنسپال رهيو. هو ان کان اڳ ۾ شڪارپور هاءِ اسڪول جو پرنسپال هو<ref name = "عبدالمجيد "/> سال 1881ع ۾ حسن علي آفندي مرحوم ڪراچي ميونسپالٽيءَ جو ڪائونسلر ٿيو. سال 1891ع ۾ سنڌ جي جاگيردارن ۽ زميندارن پاران بمبئيءَ جي گورنر جي ڪائونسل جو ميمبر ٿيو. انهن عهدن تي رهي به هن تعريف جوڳا ڪم ڪيا. اهوڏسي سرڪار به سندس عزت ڪرڻ لڳي. سندس حسن خدمتيءَ سبب سال 1888ع ۾ کيس سرڪار ”خانبهادر“ جو خطاب ڏنو<ref name = " عبدالمجيد"/>.سال 1875ع ۾ روس، بين الاقوامي معاهدن جي خالف ورزي ڪندي، ترڪيءَ سان جنگ جوٽي. ترڪن جي زخمي سپاهين جي مدد لاءِ حسن علي مرحوم چندو گڏ ڪري اوڏانهن موڪليو، انهيءَ ڪري ترڪي سلطان طرفان کيس ”مجيدي“ تمغو ۽ ”آفندي“ جو خطاب مليو. ان سان گڏ کيس ڪراچي ۾ ترڪي حڪومت جو سفير مقرر ڪيو ويو<ref name = "عبدالمجيد "/>. == سنڌيڪا انسائيڪلوپيڊيا جو بيان == ان وقت سنڌ ۾ انگريزن جو نئون نئون دؤر هو. پراڻي نظام جي جاءِ تي هڪ نئون نظام متعارف ٿي رهيو هو. سندس پٽ علي احمد ۽ اڪبر وڏا ٿيا ته کين عليڳڙهه ڪاليج ۾ داخل ڪرائڻ لاءِ اتي وٺي ويو، جتي سندس ملاقات سر سيد احمد خان سان ٿي. ٻنهي جي وچ ۾ خيالن جي ڏي وٺ ٿي. ان ملاقات جي ئي اثر هيٺ، حسن علي آفنديءَ 1885ع ۾ ”نئشنل محمدن ائسوسيئيشن“ جي قائم ڪيل بورڊ تحت ”[[سنڌ مدرسة الاسلام]]“ جو بنياد وڌو. ائسوسيئيشن جو بنيادي مقصد، سرڪاري ادارن ۾ مسلمانن جي مناسب نمائندگي حاصل ڪرڻ هو. ائسوسيئيشن جو مڪمل انتظام حسن علي آفنديءَ جي حوالي هو. سندس محنتن سان ائسوسيئيشن، مختلف پليٽ فارمن تان مسلمانن جي حقن جي حاصلات جو هڪ مؤثر وسيلو بڻجي وئي. ”سنڌ مدرسة الاسلام“ جي عمارت تعمير ڪرڻ لاءِ هن سر سيد احمد خان جي نقشِ قدم تي هلندي، پوري هندستان جو دورو ڪري، چندو گڏ ڪيو ۽ هيءُ مدرسو مستحڪم بنيادن تي ترقي ڪندو رهيو. هن مدرسي مان مشهور هستين، قائداعظم محمد علي جناح، سر شاهنواز ڀُٽي، ڊاڪٽر عمر بن محمد دائودپوٽي، محمد ابراهيم جويي، رسول بخش پليجي ۽ ٻين تعليم پرائي.<br/> حسن علي آفندي، نه صرف تعليمي ميدان ۾ پاڻ پتوڙيو، پر هن ميونسپل ڪائونسلر بمبئي، اسيمبلي ميمبر ۽ نئشنل محمدن ائسوسيئيشن جي صدر جي حيثيت سان پڻ، مسلمانن جي حقن جي حفاظت لاءِ جدوجهد ڪئي. سندس اعليٰ انساني خدمتن جي مڃتا طور، کيس ”خانبهادر“ جو خطاب مليو. ترڪيءَ ۽ روس جي جنگ دوران، پوري هندستان مان چندو گڏ ڪري، ترڪيءَ جي مدد ڪرڻ سبب کيس ترڪيءَ طرفان ”ترڪي قونصل“ جو اعزاز ڏنو ويو. ترڪيءَ جي سلطان طرفان ”تمغه مجديي“ ۽ 1889 ۾ ”اَفندي“ جو لقب پڻ مليس.<ref>{{Citation |title=آرڪائيو ڪاپي |url=http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A2%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%20%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A |accessdate=2019-12-17 |archive-date=2016-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219182939/http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A2%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%20%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == وفات == سن 1895ع ۾ سنڌ جي هن عظيم سپوت وفات ڪئي. کيس سندس وصيعت موجب 24 آگسٽ تي حيدرآباد ۾ سندس باغ ۾ دفنايو ويو<ref name = " عبدالمجيد "/>. سندس وفات تي ڪيترن ئي شاعرن شعر لکيا. مرزا قليچ بيگ مرحوم سندس وفات جي تاريخ هن طرح منظوم ڪئي آهي. {{quote|خوش گفت که ”شدبهار آخر“ هم گفت که ”رحمت خداوند“.|مرزا قليچ بيگ|}}<ref name = "عبدالمجيد "/> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:حيدرآباد ضلعو، پاڪستان جا ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:سماج سڌارڪ]] [[زمرو:سنڌ]] [[زمرو:سنڌي شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ودوان]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جون شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:ماهر تعليم]] [[زمرو:1830ع جون پيدائشون]] [[زمرو:1895ع جون وفاتون]] hxndr5dwpuhml2twx7qvndsxvb17qvo 0 18500 373308 360161 2026-04-24T21:27:34Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:سنڌي ليکڪائون]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{صفائي ڪريو}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = Benazir Bhutto<br/>{{lang|sd|بينظير ڀٽو}} |office = [[پاڪستان جي وزيراعظمن جي فهرست|يارهين]] [[پاڪستان جو وزيراعظم|وزيراعظم پاڪستان]] |image = Benazir Bhutto.jpg |predecessor = [[معين الدين احمد قريشي]] {{small|([[پاڪستان جو قائم مقام صدر|قائم مقام]])}} |president = [[وسيم سجاد]]<br/>[[فاروق لغاري]] |successor = [[ملڪ معراج خالد|ملڪ ميراج خالد]] {{small|([[پاڪستان جو قائم مقام صدر|قائم مقام]])}} |signature = Benazir Bhutto Signature.svg |office2 = [[اپوزيشن جو اڳواڻ (پاڪستان)|اپوزيشن جو اڳواڻ]] |predecessor2 = [[نواز شريف]] |successor2 = [[فضل الرحمان (سياستدان)|فضل-الرحمٰن]] |predecessor1 = [[محمد خان جوڻيجو]] |president1 = [[غلام اسحاق خان]] |successor1 = [[غلام مصطفيٰ جتوئي]] {{small|(قائم مقام)}} |birth_date = {{birth date|1953|6|21|df=y}} |birth_place = [[ڪراچي]], [[سنڌ صوبو (1936-55)|سنڌ]], پاڪستان |death_date = {{death date and age|2007|12|27|1953|6|21|df=y}} |death_place = [[راولپنڊي]], [[پنجاب، پاڪستان|پنجاب]], پاڪستان |spouse = [[آصف علي زرداري]] {{small|(1987–2007)}} |relations = [[ڀٽو خاندان]] (پيدائشي)<br/>[[زرداري خاندان]] (شادي کان پوءِ) |children = [[بلاول ڀٽو زرداري|بلاول]], [[بختاور ڀٽو زرداري|بختاور]], [[آصفه ڀٽو زرداري|آصفه]] |parents = [[ذوالفقار علي ڀٽو]] (پيءُ)<br/>[[نصرت ڀٽو]] (ماءُ) |alma_mater = [[ريڊڪلف ڪاليج|هارورڊ يونيورسٽي]]<br/>[[ليڊي مارگيٽ هال، آڪسفورڊ]]<br/>[[سينٽ ڪيٿرين ڪاليج، آڪسفورڊ|St Catherine's College, Oxford]] |religion = |term_start = 19 آڪٽوبر 1993 |term_end = 5 نومبرr 1996 |term_start1 = 2 ڊسمبر 1988 |term_end1 = 6 آگسٽ 1990 |term_start2 = 17 فيبروري 1997 |term_end2 = 12 آڪٽوبر 1999 |term_start3 = 6 نومبر 1990 |term_end3 = 18 April 1993 |predecessor3 = [[خان عبد ولي خان|خان عبدالحسين ولي خان]] |successor3 = [[نواز شريف]] |office4 = [[پاڪستان پيپلز پارٽي]] جو چيئرپرسن |term_start4 = 12 نومبر 1982 |term_end4 = 27 ڊسمبر 2007<br/>{{small|قائم مقام: 12 نومبر 1982 – 10 January 1984}} |predecessor4 = [[نصرت ڀٽو]] |successor4 = [[آصف علي زرداري]]<br/>[[بلاول ڀٽو زرداري]] |restingplace = [[ڳڙهي خدابخش]], پاڪستان | death time = 17:08 [[PST]] }} شهيد [[ذوالفقار علي ڀٽو|ذوالفقار علي ڀٽي]] جي وڏي نياڻي. '''بينظير ڀٽو''' جي ولادت 21 جون 1953ع تي ڪراچيءَ ۾ ٿي.<ref>[https://www.biography.com/people/benazir-bhutto-9211744 Benazir Bhutto - Prime Minister - Biography<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> سندس نالو ته بينظير رکيو ويو هو، پر ننڍپڻ ۾ سندس خوبصورت ۽ گلابي رنگ جي ڪري کيس گهر ۾ ”پِنڪي“ سڏيندا هئا. == شروعاتي زندگي == === ذاتي پسمنظر === {{refimprove section}} پاڪستان جي ٻه ڀيرا چونڊيل اڳوڻي وزيراعظم شهيد بينظير ڀٽو جو والد شهيد ذوالفقار علي ڀٽو پاڪستان جو صدر ۽ وزيراعظم رهي چڪو هو، جنهن جو تعلق لاڙڪاڻي جي مردم خيز زمين سان هو. جڏهن ته سندس ماءُ بيگم نصرت ڀٽو جو تعلق ايران جي اصفهان شهر سان آهي.بينظير سندن وڏور ڌيءَ هئي. هي پاڻ ۾ چار ڀائر ڀيڻون هئا، جن مان هاڻي صرف هڪ ڀيڻ صنم ڀٽو حيات آهي. بينظير ڀٽو هڪ قداور ۽ تمام حسين عورت هئي، جنهن جي شادي 1987ع ۾ سنڌ جي هڪ ٻئي سياسي خاندان ۾ ٿي. سندس ور [[آصف علي زرداري]] نوابشاهه جي بزرگ سياستدان حاڪم علي زرداريءَ جو فرزند آهي، جيڪو ناناڻي طرف کان سنڌ ۾ علم جي شمع روشن ڪندڙ شخصيت [[حسن علي آفندي|حسن علي افندي]]ءَ سان واسطو رکي ٿو. آصف علي زرداري پاڪستان جو صدر رھي چڪو آهي. کيس ٽي ٻار، هڪ پٽ [[بلاول ڀٽو زرداري|بلاول]] ۽ ٻه نياڻيون بختاور ۽ [[آصفه ڀٽو زرداري|آصفه]] آهن. == تعليم == {{refimprove section}} {{POV section}} بينظير ڀٽو کي ابتدائي تعليم لاءِ ڪراچيءَ جي مسز جيننگ جي نرسري اسڪول ۾ داخل ڪيو ويو، جنهن کان پوءِ هن 1958ع ۾ ڪراچيءَ جي مشهور اسڪول ڪانوينٽ آف جيزز اينڊ ميري (Convent of Jesus and Mary) ۾ داخلا ورتي. ننڍپڻ ۾ هوءَ هڪ سلڇڻي ۽ سٻاجهي نينگر هئڻ سان گڏ تمام ذهين ۽ هوشيار شاگردياڻي هئي. ستن سالن جي عمر ۾ جڏهن سندس والد جنرل ايوب خان جي مرڪزي ڪابينا ۾ وزير ٿيو ته سندن ڪٽنب راولپنڊيءَ ۾ رهائش اختيار ڪئي، جتي پهرين کيس ”پريزنٽيشن ڪانوينٽ“ (Presentation Convent) ۾ داخل ڪيو ويو، پر پوءِ جلد ئي سندس ڀيڻ صنم ڀٽو سان گڏ ڪوهه مريءَ جي بورڊنگ هائوس ۾ موڪليو ويو. هن دور ۾ هن کي ڪتابن پڙهڻ جو شوق ٿيو. ڪتابن ۾ هن کي تاريخ، آتم ڪهاڻيون ۽ اگاٿاڪرسٽيءَ جون جاسوسي ڪهاڻيون پسند هيون. بينظير کي ٽپال جون ٽڪليون گڏ ڪرڻ جو به شوق هو ۽ هوءَ اسڪول جي راندين ۽ ٻين غيرنصابي سرگرمين ۾ به حصو وٺندي هئي، ان ڪري سندس استاد کيس گهڻو ڀائيندا هئا. ننڍي عمر کان ئي مختلف پرڏيهي ملڪ گهمڻ ۽ گهر ۾ ٿيندڙ سياسي گفتگوءَ جي ڪري هن ۾ سياسي شعور موجود هو. جڏهن سندس والد وزير خارجه بڻيو، تڏهن سندس مقبوليت ۾ گهڻو اضافو ٿيو ۽ ان وقت جي ڪابينا ۾ عمر ۾ ننڍي ۾ ننڍو وزير هئڻ جي باوجود گهڻن تي ڀاري هو. 1965ع ۾ هندستان پاڪستان جي جنگ لڳي، جنهن کان پوءِ ڀٽي صاحب جا ايوب خان سان اختلاف ٿي پيا، ان ڪري هو سندس حڪومت کان ڌار ٿي ويو. هي اهو دور هو، جنهن ۾ بينظير کي تمام ويجهي کان ملڪ جي حالتن جو مشاهدو ڪرڻ جو موقعو مليو. 1966ع ۾ جنرل ايوب خان جي حڪومت کان ڌار ٿيڻ کان پوءِ ڀٽو صاحب وڏو مقبول سياسي ليڊر بنجي اڀريو ۽ هي خاندان ڪراچيءَ واپس موٽي آيو ۽ بينظير وري ڪانوينٽ آف جيزز اينڊ ميري اسڪول ۾ داخلا ورتي، جتان هن صرف 15 سالن جي عمر ۾ ’او‘ ليول جو امتحان ڏنو. ان کان اڳ 1967ع ۾ پيپلز پارٽيءَ جو بنياد پئجي چڪو هو، جنهن جو چيئرمئن ڀٽو صاحب بڻيو ۽ بينظير صرف چوڏهن سالن جي عمر ۾ ان جي بنيادي پنجن ميمبرن ۾ شامل هئي. ڪجهه وقت گرامر اسڪول ۾ پڙهڻ کان پوءِ هوءَ هارورڊ يونيورسٽيءَ جي ريڊڪلف ڪاليج ۾ پڙهڻ لاءِ آمريڪا هلي وئي. اهو 1969ع جو سال هو. انهيءَ دور ۾ ويٽنام جنگ خلاف ٿيندڙ ڪيترن مظاهرن ۾ شرڪت ڪيائين، اوڀر پاڪستان ۾ آيل سامونڊي طوفان جي متاثرن لاءِ چندا گڏ ڪيائين ۽ ڪاليج جي ٻين ڪيترين سرگرمين ۽ تقريري مقابلن ۾ حصو ورتائين، جنهنڪري هوءَ ڪاليج ۾ گهڻي مشهور ٿي وئي. == سياست ۾ آمد == {{refimprove section}} {{POV section}} 1970ع جي چونڊن ۾ اولهه پاڪستان مان پيپلز پارٽيءَ جي اڪثريت سان چونڊجڻ مهل هوءَ آمريڪا ۾ هئي. ان کان پوءِ اوڀر پاڪستان جون حالتون خراب ٿيون ۽ جنگ لڳي، اوڀر پاڪستان ڌار ٿي ويو، ڀُٽي صاحب کي باقي رهيل پاڪستان جو صدر ۽ چيف مارشل لا ائڊمنسٽريٽر بنايو ويو. ان دور ۾ بينظير ڀٽو جيئن 1972ع ۾ اونهاري جي موڪلن ۾ پاڪستان آئي ته ڀٽو صاحب کيس پاڻ سان هندستان وٺي ويو، جتي کيس شملي ۾ اندراگانڌيءَ سان ملڻو هو. ان ملاقات 18 سالن جي نوجوان بينظير جي زندگيءَ تي وڏو اثر ڇڏيو. عملي سياست جو سندس اهو پهريون تجربو هو، جتي هوءَ اخبارن، ريڊيو ۽ ٽيليويزن وارن جي توجهه جو مرڪز بڻجي وئي هئي. اتان موٽي هوءَ وري واپس آمريڪا پڙهڻ هلي ويئي. اتي پنهنجي چئن سالن واري ڪورس کي پورو ڪري سياست ۾ گريجوئيشن ڪرڻ کان پوءِ پاڻ مختصر عرصي لاءِ پاڪستان اچي، وري پنهنجي والد جي خواهش مطابق آڪسفورڊ يونيورسٽيءَ ۾ وڃي داخلا ورتائين، جيڪو پاڻ به اتان پڙهيو هو. جنهن وقت 14 آگسٽ 1973ع تي ملڪ جو آئين نافذ ڪيو ويو، بينظير پاڪستان ۾ آيل هئي. ان کان پوءِ ڀٽو صاحب مختلف دورن ۾ هن کي پاڻ سان وٺي ويندو هو، ان ڪري هن کي ڪيترن مشهور ماڻهن سان ملڻ جو موقعو مليو، جن ۾ هينري ڪسنجر به شامل هو. لاهور ۾ 1974ع ۾ ڪوٺايل اسلامي سربراهي ڪانفرنس ۾ به هوءَ شامل ٿي هئي، جتي هن کي مصر جي صدر انور سادات، سعودي عرب جي شاهه فيصل، لبيا جي ڪرنل قذافي، [[بنگلاديش]] جي شيخ مجيب الرحمان، فلسطين جي ياسر عرفات ۽ ٻين سان ملڻ جو موقعو مليو. ان کان سواءِ گڏيل عرب امارات ۽ بحرين جي اميرن سان به ملي. اها سندس لاشعوري تربيت هئي، جيڪا سندس والد ڪري رهيو هو. ان سال آڪسفورڊ ۾ بينظير کي يونين جي ڊبيٽنگ سوسائٽيءَ جي اسٽينڊنگ ڪميٽيءَ جو ميمبر چونڊيو ويو هو. ان کان ڪجهه وقت پوءِ هن انهيءَ يونين جي صدر لاءِ چونڊ وڙهي ۽ 1977ع ۾ هوءَ پهرين ايشيائي ڇوڪري هئي، جنهن اهو عهدو ماڻيو هو. هوڏانهن پاڪستان ۾ نين چونڊن جو چؤٻول هليل هو. پي. اين. اي نالي ساڄي ڌر جي پارٽين جي اتحاد اسلامي نظام جي نعري هيٺ هيٺ ماڻهن کي گمراهه ڪيو ته به ڀٽي صاحب جي پارٽي 60 سيڪڙو اڪثريت سان ڪامياب ٿي، پر پوءِ مٿس چونڊن ۾ ڌانڌليءَ جو الزام هڻي هڙتالون ڪيون ويون ۽ احتجاجي سياست ڪئي وئي. 1977ع ۾ پڙهائي پوري ڪري ڊگري وٺي بينظير واپس وطن آئي ۽ پنهنجي پيءُ جي پاران بين الصوبائي رابطه ڪميٽيءَ جي خاص صلاحڪار بڻائڻ کانپوءِ ان حيثيت ۾ سندس آفيس ڀرسان ٻي آفيس ۾ ويهڻ لڳي. 4 جولاءِ 1977ع تي مخالف ڌر سان معاهدو ٿيڻ کان پوءِ جنرل ضياءُالحق اوچتو 4 ۽ 5 جولاءِ جي وچ واري رات ۾ ڀٽي صاحب جي حڪومت جو تختو اونڌو ڪري ڇڏيو. ڀٽي صاحب جي نظربنديءَ کان پوءِ بينظير پنهنجي خاندان سان ڪراچيءَ موٽي آئي. ڀٽي صاحب جي غيرموجودگيءَ ۾ بيگم نصرت ڀٽو کي پيپلز پارٽيءَ جي قائم مقام چيئرپرسن بنايو ويو ۽ بينظير کي سندس سيڪريٽريءَ طور ذميواريون ڏنيون ويون. هن جي ڀائرن کي ماءُ ملڪ کان ٻاهر اماڻي ڇڏيو هو ته جيئن اهي پنهنجي پيءُ جي آزاديءَ لاءِ دنيا جي ضمير کي جاڳائڻ جو ڪم ڪن. ڀٽي صاحب جو ڪيس هلندو رهيو، بينظير ۽ بيگم نصرت ڀٽو کي بار بار گرفتار ۽ آزاد ڪيو ويو، ڪڏهن ڪراچيءَ ۾ ڪڏهن سهالا پوليس ڪيمپ ۾ ته ڪڏهن سکر جيل ۾. جڏهن ڀٽي صاحب کي ڦاسي ڏيڻ وارو فيصلو ٿيو، ان وقت اهي ٻئي سهالا جيل ۾ هيون. ان کان پوءِ کين ڀٽي صاحب سان ملاقات لاءِ راولپنڊيءَ نيو ويو، جيڪا ساڻس سندن آخري ملاقات هئي. ڀٽي صاحب جي شهادت جتي بينظير کي دنيا جي هن وڏي ڏک کان آشنا ڪيو، اتي منجهس وڏي تبديلي آندي، جو پوءِ هوءَ بيحد بهادر، بي ڊپي، پراعتماد ۽ بيباڪ عورت بنجي اڀري. محترمه پنهنجي ڪتاب ”ڊاٽر آف دي ايسٽ“ جي پهرين سٽ اها لکي هئي ته ”مون پنهنجي هن زندگيءَ جو پاڻ انتخاب نه ڪيو، پر ان مون کي چونڊيو هو.“ حالتن هن کي فولاد بڻائي ڇڏيو. بعد ۾ بيگم نصرت ڀٽو جي بيماريءَ سبب کيس پيپلز پارٽيءَ جي شريڪ چيئرپرسن ۽ پوءِ چيئرپرسن بنايو ويو. 1981ع ۾ ايم آر ڊيءَ جي تحريڪ هلي، جيڪا 1983ع ۾ عروج تي پهتي. مارچ 1981ع ۾ پي. آءِ. اي جو هڪ جهاز اغوا ٿيو، جنهن جو الزام سندس ڀائرن تي لڳائي بينظير ۽ بيگم نصرت ڀٽو کي وري گرفتار ڪيو ويو، جتي ٻئي 1982ع تائين قيد رهيون. ان کان پوءِ بيگم نصرت ڀٽو سخت بيمار ٿي پئي ۽ ڊاڪٽرن ڦڦڙن جي ڪينسر جو مرض تشخيص ڪيو، جنهن جي علاج لاءِ کيس ولايت وڃڻ جي اجازت ملي ۽ بينظير کي ڪراچيءَ واري گهر ۾ نظربند ڪيو ويو. 1984 ۾ بينظير کي ڪن ۾ شديد سور پيو، جنهن جي علاج لاءِ ولايت وڃڻ جي کيس اجازت ملي. ائين هوءَ ايندڙ ڇهن سالن لاءِ ملڪ کان ٻاهر هلي ويئي. لنڊن ۾ هن ڪن جي آپريشن ڪرائي.1985ع ۾ فرانس ۾ سندس ڀاءُ شاهنواز جي اوچتي وفات زهر ڏيڻ سان ٿي ته پاڻ فرانس هلي وئي ۽ سندس ميت کڻائي، پاڪستان واپس آئي. اهو سندس زندگيءَ جو ٻيو سانحو هو، جنهن سان کيس منهن ڏيڻو پيو. ڀاءُ کي پنهنجي پيءُ جي ڀرسان دفن ڪرايائين. ان وقت جنرل ضياءَ کيس نظربند ڪرايو. بهرحال هوءَ پنهنجي ڀاءُ جي قتل ڪيس جي پوئواريءَ خاطر وري ڪجهه وقت لاءِ ٻاهر هلي ويئي. == عملي سياست == {{refimprove section}} 1986 ۾ جڏهن هوءَ لاهور واپس پهتي ته لکين ماڻهن سندس استقبال ڪيو. سندس اهڙي شايان شان واپسيءَ کان پوءِ 1987 ۾ سندس شادي آصف علي زرداريءَ سان ٿي. 10 اپريل تي [[اوجهڙي ڪئمپ]] واري واقعي کان پوءِ 29 مئي1987تي جنرل ضياءَ، محمد خان جوڻيجي جي حڪومت ۽ اسيمبليون ختم ڪيون ۽ چونڊن جو اعلان ڪيو. 17 آگسٽ 1987 تي جنرل ضياءِ جو جهاز هوا ۾ ڦاٽي پيو ۽ هو ڌرتيءَ ۽ آڪاش جي وچ ۾ ڪٿي گم ٿي ويو. ظالم آمر جو اهڙو انت اچڻ تي پاڪستان جي ماڻهن جو خدا جي انصاف تي ايمان اڃا پختو ٿيو. غلام اسحاق خان ملڪ جو صدر مقرر ٿيو، جنهن بنا پارٽي اليڪشن ڪرائڻ جو اعلان ڪيو. جنهن جي خلاف بينظير پٽيشن داخل ڪئي، ان وقت جڏهن بنا پارٽي اليڪشن خلاف بينظير جي پٽيشن سپريم ڪورٽ ۾ ڪامياب ٿي ۽ ملڪ ۾ اليڪشن جو چوٻول ٿيو، ته ان وقت بينظير، بلاول ڀٽو کي جنم ڏئي بلاول هائوس ۾ شفٽ ٿي چڪي هئي. {{بينظير ڀٽو سائيڊ بار}} == چونڊن ۾ ڪاميابي ۽ حڪومت جي برطرفي == {{refimprove section}} چونڊن ۾ هن جي پارٽيءَ خلاف نواز شريف جي سربراهيءَ ۾ آءِ. جي. آءِ نالي اتحاد ٺاهيو ويو هو. بينظير چونڊ مهم لاءِ ڪامياب دورا ڪيا ۽ پارٽيءَ کي منظم ڪيو. 1988ع واريون اهي چونڊون پيپلز پارٽيءَ کٽيون ۽ 2 ڊسمبر 1988ع تي ايوان صدر ۾ بينظر ڀٽو وزارت عظميٰ جو قسم کنيو. سموري دنيا جي اسلامي ملڪن ۾ هوءَ پهرين مسلمان عورت ۽ پهرين سنڌياڻي هئي، جيڪا ڪنهن اسلامي ملڪ جي وزيراعظم بڻي هئي. 12 ڊسمبر تي قومي اسيمبليءَ مان اعتماد جو ووٽ ورتائين. سندس اهو دور اختلافن سان ڀريل هو. پنجاب ۾ آءِ. جي. آءِ (نواز شريف) جي حڪومت هئي، جيڪي مرڪز سان ٺهي نه پئي هليا، سنڌ ۾ ايم. ڪيو. ايم حڪومت ۾ شامل هئي، پر لساني ڇڪتاڻ معمول بڻيل هئي. بلوچستان ۾ اڪبر بگٽي ساڻس ڪو نه ٺهيو ۽ اتان جون حالتون به صحيح ڪونه هيون. هوءَ ”سياسيات“ ۽ ”بين الاقوامي تعلقات“ جون ڊگريون رکندڙ هڪ قابل عورت هئي، هن پاڪستان کي دولت مشترڪه ۾ شامل ڪرائڻ جون ڪوششون ڪيون. هن پنهنجي خارجه پاليسيءَ ۾ انقلابي تبديليون آنديون. ڀارت، آمريڪا، چين ۽ اسلامي ملڪن سان دوستيءَ جا ناتا وڌايا. پهرين نومبر 1989ع تي سندس حڪومت مخالفن سندس خلاف بي اعتماديءَ جي رٿ پيش ڪئي، جيڪا ناڪام ٿي. ان کان پوءِ حيدرآباد جي پڪي قلعي ۾ ٿيل آپريشن ۾ فوج جي مداخلت کان پوءِ حالتون خراب ٿي ويون ۽ نسلي فساد ڀڙڪي اٿيا. 5 آگسٽ 1989ع تي ملڪ جي صدر غلام اسحاق خان ٽيليويزن تان قوم کي خطاب ڪري بينظير حڪومت کي برطرف ڪري اسيمبليون ٽوڙي ڇڏيون. ان کان پوءِ نگران حڪومت غلام مصطفيٰ جتوئيءَ کي ڏني وئي ۽ نين چونڊن جو اعلان ٿيو. چونڊون ٿيون ۽ نوازشريف حڪومت ٺاهي، نئين اسيمبليءَ ۾ بينظير مخالف ڌر جي ليڊر چونڊي وئي. 6 نومبر 1990ع تي هن مخالف ڌر جي اڳواڻ طور اسيمبليءَ کي خطاب ڪيو. سنڌ ۾ حڪومت ڄام صادق عليءَ کي ڏني وئي، جنهن پيپلز پارٽيءَ ۽ بينظير ڀٽو کي گهڻو نقصان پهچايو. بينظير ڀٽو جي وَر آصف زرداريءَ تي ڪيترائي الزام هڻي مقدما قائم ڪيا ويا. == ٻيھر وزيراعظم چونڊجڻ ۽ برطرف ٿيڻ == {{refimprove section}} 1992ع ۾ نواز شريف کي ساڳئي قسم جا الزام هڻي غلام اسحاق خان برطرف ڪيو ۽ اسيمبليءَ کي ختم ڪري بلخ شير مزاريءَ کي نگران وزيراعظم مقرر ڪيو ويو. 1993 جي پڇاڙيءَ ۾ هڪ ڀيرو وري چونڊون ٿيون ۽ بينظير کي ٻيو ڀيرو وزيراعظم بنايو ويو. 13 نومبر تي سندس نامزد اميدوار فاروق احمد لغاري صدر چونڊيو ويو. ڪجهه وقت سانهن ستيءَ سان حڪومت ڪرڻ کان پوءِ وري وڳوڙ شروع ٿي ويا. ڪراچي انساني قتل گاهه بنجي وئي هئي، ٽارچر سيل ۽ ٻورين ۾ بند لاش روز جو معمول بنجي چڪا هئا. نتيجي ۾ ڪراچيءَ مان صنعتون پنجاب منتقل ٿيڻ لڳيون. ڌرين سان ٺاهه ٿيندا ۽ ڊهندا رهيا. سنڌ جي ٻهراڙين ۾ ڌاڙيلن رڻ ٻاري ڏنو هو. 1995 جي آخري ڏهاڙن ۾ صدر فاروق لغاري بينظير جو مخالف ٿي بيٺو. 20 سيپٽمبر 1995ع تي بينظير جي پنهنجي حڪومت ۾ سازش ڪري سندس موڀي ڀاءُ ميرمرتضيٰ ڀٽي کي شهيد ڪيو ويو. هوءَ جهڙوڪر ٽُٽي پئي. اڃا صدمي ۾ هئي ته 5 نومبر تي کانئس حڪومت به کسي وئي. قومي اسيمبليءَ کي ٽوڙي سندس سرڪار کي برطرف ڪيو ويو. 1996ع جي ان زوال ۾ جن ٽن ماڻهن جو هٿ هو، اهي ٽئي سندس آندل يا مقرر ڪيل هئا، جن ۾ صدر فاروق لغاري، جنرل جهانگير ڪرامت ۽ جسٽس سيد سجاد علي شاهه شامل هئا. هڪ ڀيرو وري چونڊن جون تياريون ٿيون. سنڌ جو نگران وزيراعليٰ ممتاز علي ڀٽي کي ڪيو ويو. چونڊون ٿيون، انهن ۾ تمام گهٽ ماڻهن حصو ورتو. بهرحال 17 فيبروريءَ تي نواز شريف جي حڪومت قائم ٿي. 1997ع جي پڇاڙيءَ ۾ بينظير کي وري ڪيترن ڪيسن ۾ ڪورٽن کي منهن ڏيڻو پيو. جدوجهد جي طويل سفر ۽ مخالفن وٽان ملندڙ تڪليفن کيس اڃا عوام جي وڌيڪ ويجهو ڪري ڇڏيو. == جلاوطني == {{refimprove section}} 1999ع ۾ جڏهن پاڻ ملڪ کان ٻاهر هئي ته سندس ور کي اذيتون ڏنيون ويون ته جيئن هو اڻ ڪيل ڏوهن جو اعتراف ڪري. 12 آڪٽوبر 1999ع تي جنرل پرويز مشرف، نواز شريف جي حڪومت ختم ڪري اقتدار تي قبضو ڪيو. == وطن واپسي ۽ شھادت == {{refimprove section}} بينظير، دبئيءَ ۾ جلاوطنيءَ جي زندگي گذارڻ کان پوءِ 18 آڪٽوبر 2007ع تي وطن واپس اچڻ جو فيصلو ڪيو. سندس استقبال لاءِ ڪراچي ايئرپورٽ تي لکين ماڻهو اچي گڏ ٿيا. سندس قافلو جڏهن ڪارساز وٽ پهتو ته ٻه زوردار بم ڌماڪا ٿيا، جنهن ۾ 179 ماڻهو اجل جو شڪار ٿيا. بينظير کي مارڻ جي ان سازش ۾ سندس دشمن ڪامياب نه ٿيا. هن جي عزم ۾ ڪا گهٽتائي ڪانه آئي. ايندڙ اليڪشن جي تياري ڪندي هن سمورن خطرن جي باوجود ملڪ جي مختلف علائقن جا دورا ۽ جلسا ڪيا. هنگامي حالتون لاڳو ڪرڻ بعد جڏهن جنرل مشرف ملڪ جي عدليه کي هٽايو ته هن نظربند چيف جسٽس افتخار محمد چوڌريءَ جي گهر جي ٻاهران وڃي جلسو ڪيو ۽ چيو ته سندس چيف جسٽس اهو ئي آهي. 27 ڊسمبر 2007ع تي بينظير ڀٽو راولپنڊيءَ جي لياقت باغ ۾ هڪ عاليشان جلسو ڪرڻ ۾ ڪامياب ٿي وئي. جلسي تان واپسيءَ مهل عوام جي زبردست محبتن ۽ نعرن جو جواب ڏيڻ لاءِ هن جيئن ئي پنهنجي گاڏيءَ مان منهن ڪڍيو ته هڪ ڀيرو وري مٿس گوليون وسايون ويون ۽ -بم- ڦاڙيا ويا، جنهن ۾ پاڻ شهيد ٿي وئي. اهو نه صرف سنڌ جو، پر پاڪستان جو انتهائي وڏو نقصان آهي، جنهن جو پورائو شايد ڪڏهن به نه ٿي سگهي. سموري دنيا ۽ پاڪستان سندس ڏک محسوس ڪيو، پر سنڌ جي ماڻهن ان کي بنهه ذاتي ڏک سمجهي، لڙڪ لاڙيا ۽ سخت احتجاج ڪيو. سندس شهادت، سنڌ ۾ نئون ادب، شاعري ۽ نئون ولولو پيدا ڪيو. هو کيس ”مارئي ملير جي“، ”سنڌ راڻي“ ۽ ”شهيد راڻي“ جهڙن نالن سان ياد ڪن ٿا. == عظمت == محترمه بينظير صاحبه جي خداداد ذهانت ۽ سياسي بصيرت جو سڄي دنيا اعتراف ڪيو آهي. هن پنهنجي اقتدار دؤران ۽ اقتدار کان پوءِ ڪيترين ئي صعوبتن جو دليريءَ سان مقابلو ڪيو. وزارت عظميٰ’’ دوران مٿس ڪيترائي الزام هنيا ويا، پر وقت جون حڪومتون اهي ثابت ڪري نه سگهيون. والد بزرگوار جي شهادت، ٻن ڀائرن جي شهادت، والده جي مسلسل بيماري، قيد ۽ نظربندي ۽ خاوند جي مختلف الزامن تحت مسلسل نظربندي ۽ گرفتاري وغيره، پر پوءِ به سنڌ جي هن نياڻيءَ حوصلو نه هاريو ۽ پرڏيهه ۾ رهي پنهنجي پارٽيءَ جي قيادت ڪئي. محترمه بينظير ڀٽو پنهنجي آتم ڪهاڻي ’ڊاٽر آف دي ايسٽ‘ نالي سان لکي، جنهن جو سنڌيءَ ۾ ترجمو مراد علي مرزا ڪيو آهي، جيڪو سنڌي ادبي بورڊ طرفان شايع ٿي چڪو آهي. ساڳئي ڪتاب جو اردو ترجمو سجاد بخاريءَ ”مشرق ڪِي بيٽِي“ جي نالي سان ڪيو آهي. ان کان سواءِ سندس ٻي تصنيف “Pakistan: the Gathering Storm” نالي سان شايع ٿي چڪي آهي. سندس آخري ڪتاب Reconciliation: Islam and The West پڻ سنڌيءَ ۾ ترجمو ٿي چڪو آهي، جنهن جو نالو آهي ”سرچاءُ“. هي ڪتاب حسين بادشاهه ترجمو ڪيو آهي. 27 ڊسمبر 2007ع پاڪستان جي تاريخ جو سياهه ترين ڏينهن هو، جڏهن لياقت باغ راولپنڊيءَ ۾ محترمه بينظير ڀٽو تي قاتلاڻو حملو ڪري کيس شهيد ڪيو ويو. کيس ڳڙهي خدا بخش ۾ سندن اباڻي قبرستان ۾ پنهنجي شهيد والد ۽ ڀائرن جي ڀرسان دفن ڪيو ويو، جيڪا سندس ابدي آرامگاهه آهي. جتي هر سال سندن ورسيءَ تي هزارين ماڻهو اچي کين ڀيٽا ڏيندا آهن.<ref>{{Citation |title=انسائيڪلوپيڊيا سنڌيانا، جلد پھريون، سنڌي لينگئيج اٿارٽي، حيدرآباد. |url=http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%DA%80%D9%BD%D9%88%20%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF |accessdate=2019-12-15 |archive-date=2016-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214140017/http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%DA%80%D9%BD%D9%88%20%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == حوالا == {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ايڪھين صدي جا پاڪستاني سياستدان]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني واپاري ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان پيپلز پارٽي جا سياستدان]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جا وزيراعظم]] [[زمرو:خواتين سربراهه حڪومت]] [[زمرو:سنڌي سياستدان]] [[زمرو:سنڌي شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ليکڪائون]] [[زمرو:شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:ڪراچي جا سياستدان]] [[زمرو:ڪراچي جا ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:لاڙڪاڻي ضلعي جا سياستدان]] [[زمرو:ناري سربراهه حڪومت]] [[زمرو:1953ع جون پيدائشون]] c9x183kt356isbaa82jfogfv2wgintz 0 19052 373213 197006 2026-04-24T16:57:54Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:1862ع جون پيدائشون]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{صندوق معلومات شخص}} ارل سٽين Aurel Stein: -آثار قديمه- جي هن مشهور ماهر جو پورو نالو سَر مارڪ -ارل اسٽين- هو. سندس جـنـم 26 نـومـبـر 1862ع تي بـرطـانـيـا جــي شـهر بداپـسـٽ (Budapest) ۾ ٿيو. هي [[برطانيا]] جي هنگري نسل مان هو. مذهبي حـوالي سـان تـعـلق يــهــودي گهراڻي سان هو، پر بعد ۾ پنهنجي -ڀاءُ- ارنيسٽ ايڊورڊ سـان گـڏ جـرمـن مذهـبـي مـصـلـح مـارٽـن لـوٿـر جـو پيروڪـار ٿـي لوٿرين (Lutherans) فرقي ۾ شامل ٿيو. -ارل اسٽين-، ابتدائي طور وچ -ايشيا- جي قديم آثارن تي تمام گهڻي کوجنا ڪئي. هي دنيا جي ڪيترين ئي يونيورسٽين ۽ ڪاليجن ۾ پروفيسر جي عهدي تي پڻ فائز رهيو. هن ڪجهه عرصو اورينٽيل ڪاليج لاهور جي پرنسپال طور ڪم ڪيو. -ان- کان سواءِ پنجاب يونيورسٽيءَ جو رجسٽرار رهيو. 1904ع ۾ کيس انسپيڪٽر جنرل آف ايجوڪيشن اينڊ آرڪيالاجيڪل سروي آف -بلوچستان- مقرر ڪيو ويو. 1910ع کان 1917ع تائين لارڊ ڪرزن گورنر جنرل هندستان طرفان کيس اتر- اولهه سرحدي صوبن جي آرڪيالاجيءَ جو سپرنٽينڊنٽ ۽ -پشاور- ميوزيم جو ڪيوريٽر مقرر ڪيو ويو. هن -برطانيا- حڪومت جي تعاون سان -آثار قديمه- متعلق سائنسي -تحقيق- ۽ کوجنا ڪندي تمام گهڻو مشهور ٿيو. -ارل اسٽين- تي -ان- وقت جي آثار قديمــه جـي مـاهـرن سويـن هـڊن (Sven Hedin) ۽ زانـگـيـنـگ (Xuangang) جو تمام گهڻو اثر رهيو. 1920ع کان 1930ع ۾ هن وچ -ايشيا- (ننڍي کنڊ) مان کوجنا دؤران نوادرات ڳولهي لڌائين، جيڪي -برطانيا- جي لائبريري ۾ موجود آهن، -جن- ۾ چين مان هٿ آيل قديم ٻولين تبتي (Tibetan) ۽ تانگٽ (Tangut) ٻولين جـا مسودا، جيڪي ڪاٺ جي ٽـڪـيـن تـي لـکـيـل آهـن، جـيـڪي يـوگـر (Uyghur)، سـوگدي (Sogdian) ۽ ٻين التائي ٻولين ۾ لکيل آهن، محفوظ ٿيل آهن. -ان- کان علاوه هن جي اهم کوجنا ۾ پهرين صدي عسيوي جي وچ -ايشيا- جي ماڻهن جي متروڪ هند- يورپي (-تخاري-) ٻولين کي سائنسي -تحقيق- وسيلي ڳولي لهڻ جو ڪم به شامل آهي. ارل سٽين، ننڍي کنڊ جي -ايران- ۽ -بلوچستان- جي آثارِ قديمه تي تمام گهڻي -تحقيق- کانپوءِ -آثار قديمه- جي ماڳن تي لاتعداد رپورٽون تحرير ڪيون. هن سڪندر اعظم جي اچڻ وڃڻ جي شاهراهه، جنهن ۾ پنجاب، -ايران-، مڪران، سنڌ ۽ ڏکڻ -اوڀر- -ايران- تي به ڪم ڪيو. 1907ع ۾ هن موگاؤ (Mogao Caves) نالي غارن جي کوجنا ڪئي، جيڪي چين جي دوهانگ (Dunhuang) ۾ موجود هيون. اهي غارون ٻوڌي دؤر جا قديم آثار آهن. عام طور انهن غارن کي (Caves of Thousand Buddhas ) جي نالي سان سڏيو ويندو آهي. هن جي ڪيل -تحقيق- ۾ 24 مختلف ٻولين جي قديم مسودن، آثارِ قديمه مان هٿ آيل مصوري جي فن پارن، آڳاٽي وقت ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ قديم ۽ دلچسپ شين تي -تحقيق- ۽ 1906ع کان 1908ع ڌاري مغربي چائنا ۾ موجود Kunlon Mountains جي سروي جوڪم قابل ذڪر آهن. 3 کان 4 صدي جو مليل قالين جو هڪ ڇڳل ٽڪرو پڻ ارَل اسٽين جي -تحقيق- جو نتيجو آهي اهو ٽڪرو (Frogment of Carpet Loulan Xinjiang) مان هٿ آيو، جيڪو برٽش ميوزيم ۾ رکيل آهي. سندس کوجنا دوران مليل نوادرات برٽش لائبريري، سرينگر ميوزيم، نئين دهلي جي نيشنل ميوزيم ۽ برٽش ميوزيم لنڊن ۾ رکيل آهن. سندس گڏ ڪيل شيون ۽ فن پارا وچ -ايشيا- ۽ ٻڌمذهب جي -تاريخ- -تهذيب- ۽ ادب کي سمجهڻ لاءِ مددگار ثابت ٿيا آهن. هن -بلوچستان-، بلوچي -ايران- ۽ سنڌو -تهذيب- تي به واکاڻ جوڳو ڪم ڪيو، 1977ع ۾ جينيٽ مرسڪي ۽ 1995ع ۾ اينابل والـڪر (Annabel Walker) نالي مشهور سوانح نگارن، -ارل اسٽين- جي شخصيت، زندگي ۽ -تحقيق- جي حوالي سان سندس سوانح عمري لکي، جنهن ۾ سندس ڪم کي ساراهيو آهي. 1943ع ۾ هن -انگريز- حڪومت کان -افغانستان- جي کوٽائي جي اجازت ورتي. 26 -آڪٽوبر- 1943ع تي ڪم ڪندي 80 سالن جي عمر ۾هن ڪابل ۾ وفات ڪئي، اتي ئي کيس دفنايو ويو. -ايشيا- ۾ خاص ڪري ننڍي کنڊ ۾ ڪيل کوجنا يا لاڳاپيل آثارن بابت کوجنا وارن سندس ڪجهه ڪتابن جو وچور هن ريت آهي.<ref>http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=ارل%20اسٽين</ref> #1898. Detailed Report on an Archaeological Tour with the Buner Field Force, Lahore, Punjab Government Press. #1905. Report of Archaeological Survey Work in the North-West Frontier Province and Baluchistan, Peshawar, #Government Press, N.W. Frontier Province. #The Thousand Buddhas: ancient Buddhist paintings from the cave-temples of Tung-huang on the western frontier of China. #1921 “A Chinese Expedition Across the Pamirs and Hindukush, A.D. 747.” Indian Antiquary 1923. #1929. On Alexander\\\\\\\'s Track to the Indus: Personal Narrative of Explorations on the North-West Frontier of #India. London, Macmillan & Co. Reprint: New York, Benjamin Blom, 1972. #1940 Old Routes of Western Iran: Narrative of an Archaeological Journey Carried out and Recorded, MacMillan and #Co., limited. St. Martin\\\\\\\'s Street, London. #1944. \\\\\\\"Archaeological Notes from the Hindukush Region\\\\\\\". J.R.A.S. == حوالا == {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:لاهوري ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:1862ع جون پيدائشون]] [[زمرو:1943ع جون فوتگيون]] rsvd9ahdxivlpbfsnzwax6w052bae1d 0 19150 373343 311995 2026-04-25T10:08:42Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:1975ع جون پيدائشون]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = اسحاق سميجو <br/> '''Ishaq Samejo''' | image = [[File:Ishaq Samejo in his office of Sindhi Language from Proto-Dravidian.jpg|thumb|اسحاق سميجو]] | image_size = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = اسحاق سميجو | birth_date = <!-- {{Birth date and age|1975|03|18}} --> | birth_place = ڳوٺ فضل پور، [[دادو ضلعو|دادو]] | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|1975|03|18}} --> | death_place = | resting_place = | occupation = ، [[ليکڪ]] <br/> [[سنڌي ٻولي]]ءَ جو ايسوسيئيٽ پروفيسر <br/> ڊئريڪٽر [[انسٽيٽيوٽ آف سنڌولاجي]]<br/> چيئرمين سنڌي شعبو | language = [[سنڌي ٻولي|سنڌي]] | residence = [[ڄامشورو]] | nationality = [[پاڪستان|پاڪستاني]] | citizenship = | education = ايم. اي، [[سنڌي ادب]] | alma_mater = [[سنڌ يونيورسٽي]] | period = هاڻوڪو | subject = [[سنڌي شاعري|شاعري]]، [[نقاد]]، [[صحافي]] | relatives = | awards = [[ماهوار ڪينجهر]] ايوارڊ [[1994ع]] }} اسحاق سميجو ({{lang-en|Ishaq Samejo}}) [[سنڌي ٻولي]]ءَ جو ناليوارو نوجوان شاعر،<ref>{{حوالو_ويب|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/903571/proud-sons-melodies-from-thar-desert-enthrall-capital-residents/|title=Proud sons: Melodies from Thar Desert enthrall capital residents|date=2015-06-15|website=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref> ڪالم نگار، نقاد <ref>{{حوالو_ويب|url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/catalogue/mehran/Book49/Book_page8.html|title=Sindhi Adabi Board Online Library (Stories)|website=www.sindhiadabiboard.org|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref>، ليکڪ ۽ [[سنڌ يونيورسٽي]] ۾ [[سنڌي ٻولي]]ءَ جو ايسوسيئيٽ پروفيسر ۽ [[سنڌي ٻولي جو با اختيار ادارو|سنڌي ٻوليءَ جي با اختيار اداري]] جو چيئرمئن آھي. سندس ڪيترائي ڪتاب شايع ٿيل آهن، ھُو سنڌ يونيورسٽيءَ ۾ قائم شمس العلماءَ [[مرزا قليچ بيگ]] چيئر جوانچارج ڊئريڪٽر، ڊئريڪٽر [[انسٽيٽيوٽ آف سنڌولاجي]] <ref>{{حوالو_ويب|url=https://www.urdupoint.com/en/pakistan/sindhi-films-festival-concludes-at-sindh-univ-460071.html|title=Sindhi Films Festival Concludes At Sindh University|website=UrduPoint|language=en|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{حوالو_ويب|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1693045/4-anwar-maqsoods-offensive-satire-sindhis-causes-online-outrage/|title=Anwar Maqsood’s offensive satire on Sindhis causes online outrage|date=2018-04-23|website=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref> پڻ رهيو<ref name=":1">{{حوالو_ويب|url=http://usindh.edu.pk/portfolio/dr-m-ishaq-samejo/|title=Dr. M.Ishaq Samejo – University of Sindh Jamshoro|last=Arain|first=Nareen|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref> == زندگي جو احوال == اسحاق سميجو- 18 مارچ [[1975ع]] تي [[دادو ضلعو|ضلعي دادوءَ]] جي ڳوٺ فضل پور ۾ جاڙو خان جي گهر ۾ ڄائو. ابتدائي -تعليم- پنهنجي ڳوٺ مان حاصل ڪيائين، جڏهن ته مئٽرڪ [[طالب الموليٰ]]هاءِ اسڪول [[دادو]]ءَ مان پاس ڪيائين. انٽر سائنس جو امتحان ڊگري ڪاليج [[جوهي]]ءَ مان پاس ڪيائين. ايم. اي، [[سنڌي ادب]] ۾، سنڌ يونيورسٽيءَ مان پاس ڪيائين. .<ref name=":0">http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=اسحاق%20سميجو</ref> == علمي ادبي خدمتون == اسحاق سميجو سنڌ يونيورسٽي جي سنڌي شعبي ۾ ليڪچرار مقرر ٿيو. علمي خدمتون ڏيندي ايسوسيئيٽ پروفيسر طور ترقي ماڻي آهي. <ref name=":1"/> کيس ننڍي هوندي کان ئي ادب سان گهرو لڳاءُ هئو. لکڻ جي شروعات ٻاراڻي ادب کان ڪيائين. ٻارڙن لاءِ گهڻا گيت، ڪهاڻيون ۽ ڪالم لکيائين. 1990ع کان باقاعدي شاعريءَ جي شروعات ڪيائين. سندس ترتيب ڏنل ٻه ڪتاب، ’دنيا جون لوڪ آکاڻيون‘ ۽ ’تاريخي ماڻهو، تاريخي ڳالهيون‘ ڇپجي مارڪيٽ ۾ اچي چڪا آهن. حيدرآباد مان نڪرندڙ ماهوار ’گلستان‘ ۽ ’ٻارڙن جي سنڌ رنگ‘ جو -ايڊيٽر- پڻ رهيو آهي. کيس سنڌي ساهت گهر حيدرآباد طرفان ’ڪينجهر -تنقيد- ايوارڊ 1994ع‘ مليو. جڏهن ته عوامي آواز، ڪاوش ۽ پاڪ -اخبار- ۾ صحافتي خدمتون سرانجام ڏيئي چڪو آهي ۽ ڪجهه وقت روزاني ”سنڌ“ ۾ اسسٽنٽ نيوز -ايڊيٽر- جي حيثيت ۾ ڪم ڪيو اٿس. -ان- سان گڏوگڏ ريڊيو -پاڪستان- حيدرآباد تي پندرهن روزه ادبي پروگرام ’ادبي سنگت‘ ۾ سلسلي ’سرجڻهار‘ جو ڪمپيئر پڻ رهيو آهي. هن وقت سنڌ يونيورسٽيءَ سنڌي شعبي ۾ اسسٽنٽ پروفيسر طور خدمتون سرانجام ڏيئي رهيو آهي. سنڌي اديبن ۽ قلمڪارن جي وفد سان 2008ع ڀارت جو دورو به ڪري چڪو آهي. هن شيخ -اياز- جي غزلن جو ڪتاب ”گيڙو ويس غزل“ (2004ع) ۽ سنڌي رومانوي غزلن تي مشتمل ڪتاب ”دل جو رستو“ 2003ع ۾ ترتيب ڏنا آهن، جيڪي روشني پبلڪيشن ڪنڊياري پاران ڇپايا ويا آهن. سندس تنقيدي مضمونن جو ڪتاب ”شاعريءَ سان دشمني“ (2005ع) به ڇپجي چڪو آهي. سندس شاعريءَ جا ٻه مجموعا ”صدا بيچين آهي“ (2001ع) ۽ ”گناهه جا گيت“ (2005ع) پڻ ڇپيل آهن. -ان- کان سواءِ هن وقت ٽماهي ”سارنگا“ پبليڪيشن جو -ايڊيٽر- آهي. جنهن جا 6 پرچا ڪڍي چڪو آهي<ref name=":0"/> == ڪتاب == * دنيا جون لوڪ آکاڻيون 1998ع * تاريخي ماڻهو تاريخي ڳالهيون، 1998ع * صدا بيچين آهي شاعري، 2003ع * دل جو رستو شاعري 2003ع * گيڙُو ويس غزل، شاعري شيخ اياز، 2004ع * شاعري سان دشمني، تنقيد، 2005ع * گناھ جا گيت شاعري، 2006ع * هڪڙي هئي بينظير، 2008ع * ناءُ هلي آءُ گيت کڻي شاعري شيخ اياز، 2010ع * ڪورائي جو ڪلام، 2010ع * اکر پڙھ الف جو ٻارن لاءِ شاھ لطيف جي شاعري 2012ع * ڳاءِ انقلاب ڳاءِ، شاعري شيخ اياز، 2015ع * صادق فقير: توکان ٿيندي ڌار، 2015ع * اياز، شيام، استاد، شاعري، 2017ع<ref name=":1"/> == ايوارڊ == اسحاق سميجو کي ڪينجهر رسالي حيدرآباد طرفان تنقيد بابت 1994ع ۾ ايوارڊ مليو<ref name=":0"/> == حوالا == {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:پاڪستاني شاعر]] [[زمرو:جيوت ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:سنڌي شاعر]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جا جديد شاعر]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جون شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:1975ع جون پيدائشون]] dadbh0wzh2m69hjfuinkupzypocvfem 0 23537 373311 253419 2026-04-24T21:47:20Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:سنڌي ماڻھو]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military person |image= ||name= محمد عظيم دائودپوٽو |birth_date= {{Birth date|df=yes|1933|9|14}} |birth_place= [[بمبئي]]، [[برٽش انڊيا]] |death_date= {{Death date and age|df=yes|2017|4|3|1933|9|14}} |death_place= |allegiance= {{flag|Pakistan}}<br/>{{flag|Zimbabwe}} |branch={{Air force|Pakistan}}<br/>{{ايئرفورس|Zimbabwe}} |serviceyears= 1951–1989 |rank=[[فائل:US-O9 insignia.svg|30px]] [[ايئر مارشل]] |current position= |commands= [[سرگوڌا ايئر بيس]]<br>[[زمبابوي جي ايئرفورس]] |unit=[[پاڪستان جي هوائي فوج جي جھازن جا اسڪواڊرون| پاڪستان ايئرفورس نمبر 15]] |battles=[[انڊيا پاڪستان واري 1965 واري جنگ]] |awards= [[ستاره جرئت]] (1965 واري جنگ) <br/>ھلال امتياز <br/> ستاره امتياز <br/> ڪمانڊر واري درجي ۾ زمبابوي جو آرڊر آف ميرٽ |laterwork=[[پاڪستان انٽرنيشنل ايئرلائينز]] جو اڳوڻو سربراھ <br> اڳوڻو گورنر سنڌ}} '''ايئرمارشل محمد عظيم دائودپوٽو'''{{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= '''Air Marshall Muhammad Azim Daudpoto '''}}: شمس العلماءِ [[عمر بن محمد دائود پوٽو|ڊاڪٽر عمر بن محمد دائودپوٽي]] جو وڏو فرزند، 14 سيپٽمبر 1933ع تي ڪراچيءَ ۾ ڄائو. شروعاتي -تعليم- سينٽ پئٽرڪ هاءِ اسڪول ڪراچيءَ مان حاصل ڪيائين. ڊي. جي. سنڌ ڪاليج مان پري انجنيئرنگ ۾ انٽرميڊيئيٽ پاس ڪيائين. 1950ع ۾ -پاڪستان- ايئرفورس ۾ شامل ٿيو. چئن سالن جي تربيت لاءِ رايل آسٽريلين ايئرفورس ۾ موڪليو ويو، جتان فلائنگ انسٽرڪٽر ۽ فايرليڊر جا سرٽيفڪيٽ ورتائين. وطن واپس اچي سرگوڌا ۽ پسرور ۾ جنگي اسڪواڊرن جي اڳواڻي ڪيائين. کيس [[انڊو-پاڪستاني جنگ 1965ع|1965ع ۾ پاڪ ڀارت-جنگ]] ۾ ”ستاره جرات“ جو اعزاز مليو. 1970ع ۽ 1971ع ۾ -پاڪستان- جي هوائي صلاحڪار جي حيثيت ۾ نئين دهليءَ ۾ مقرر ٿيو. وطن واپس اچي هوائي بچاءَ جي ڪمانڊر جي حيثيت سان ڊائريڪٽر آف آپريشن ۽ ريسرچ مقرر ٿيو. 1975ع ۾ رايل ڪاليج آف ڊفينس اسٽڊيز، لنڊن ۾ شرڪت ڪيائين. 1976ع ۾ پاڪستاني فضائي فوج جي رفيقي ايئربيس (شور ڪوٽ) جو بيس ڪمانڊر ۽ پوءِ سرگوڌا جو ڪمانڊر رهيو. ايئر هيڊ ڪوارٽر، -پشاور- ۾ اسسٽنٽ چيف آف ايئر، ۽ پوءِ چڪ لالا ۾ پنهنجون خدمتون سرانجام ڏنائين. 1981ع ۾ ايئر وائيس مارشل بڻايو ويو ۽ سول ڊفينس جو ڊائريڪٽر مقرر ٿيو. 1982ع ۾ زمبابوي جي هوائي فوج جي ڪمانڊر ۽ چيف آف ايئراسٽاف طور -ٽن- سالن تائين خدمتون سرانجام ڏنائين. کيس زمبابوي جو ”آرڊر آف ميرٽ“ مليو. 31 -جنوري- 1986ع تي پي. آءِ. اي جو چيئرمئن مقرر ٿيو، تنهن کان پوءِ رٽائر ٿيو. حڪومت -پاڪستان- طرفان ”ستاره امتياز“ سان نوازيو ويو. ايئرمارشل محمد عظيم دائودپوٽي کي 18 -آڪٽوبر- 1999ع تي سنڌ صوبي جو گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو. گورنريءَ جي عهدي تي فائز ٿيڻ کان اڳ هڪ پرائيويٽ ڪمپنيءَ ۾ ڊائريڪٽر جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪري رهيو هو. 24 مئي 2000ع تي گورنر جي عهدي -تان- استعيفا ڏنائين. هن وقت ڪراچيءَ جي ڪلفٽن واري علائقي ۾ رهائش اٿس.<ref>[//sd.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=عظيم_دائودپوٽو&action=edit&redlink=1 زير ترميم: عظيم دائودپوٽو - وڪيپيڊيا<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> == حوالا == {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ستاره جرعت ماڻيندڙ ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جا گورنر]] [[زمرو:1934ع جون پيدائشون]] [[زمرو:1933ع جون پيدائشون]] o4yr8qbygh2d4zor3bplr7xhydxlydw 0 30463 373309 312381 2026-04-24T21:35:42Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:سنڌي ودوان]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373309 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' نور محمد لاکير''' (1845ﻉ – 1937ﻉ) ﺳﻨﮅ ﺟﻮ ﺳﭽﻮ ﺳﭙﻮﺕ ۽ ﻫﻤﺪﺭﺩ، ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺳﺠﺎﻭﻝ ﻻﮐﻴﺮ، ﺗﻌﻠﻘﻲ ڏﻭڪرﻱ, [[لاڙڪاڻو|ﻻڙڪاﮢﻮ]] ﺟﻲ ﮘﻮﭞ چڪرو ۾ 21 ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ 1261 ﻫﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ 16 1845ع ﺗﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ پيدا ﭤﻴﻮ. ﺳﻨﺪﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﭘﺮﺍﺋﻤﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻫﻮ؛ جيڪو نوڪري ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﻲ ڪڪڙ ﺟﻲ ﮘﻮﭞ ”ﺟﻤﻌﻮ ﻻﮐﻴﺮ “ ۾ ﻟڏﻭ ﻻﻫﻲ ﻭﭸﻲ ﻭﻳﭡﻮ. ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﻭﻗﺎﺭ ۽ ﺳﭽﻮ ﺳﻨﮅﻱ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﻮ. ﭘﻴﻨﺸﻦ ﺗﻲ ﭘﻬﭽﮡ ﺑﻌﺪ کانپوءِ، ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺟﻮ ٽڪرو ﻭﭠﻲ، ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺗﻲ ﺋﻲ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻳﺎﺋﻴﻦ. ﮐﻴﺲ ٽي ﭘٽ ﻫﺌﺎ، ﺟﻦ ﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺫﻫﻴﻦ ﻫﻮ؛ ﺟﻨﻬﻦ ڪري ﮐﻴﺲ ﭘڙﻫﮡ ﻻﺀِ ﭘﻬﺮﻳﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﭘﻨﻬﻨﺠﻲ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﻴﭟ ﺁﻧﺪﺍﺋﻴﻦ. ﺟﺘﺎﻥ ﭼﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺎ ﺳﻨﮅﻱ ﭘﺎﺱ ڪرائي، ﺳﻨﮅ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻡ ڪراچيﺀَ ۾ مئٽرڪ ﺗﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﭘڙﻫﺎﻳﺎﺋﻴﻨﺲ. ﺍﻥ ﮐﺎﻥ ﭘﻮﺀِ ﺳﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺟﻲ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﺩﻟﭽﺴﭙﻲﺀَ ﺳﺎﻥ، ” ﻣﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ اسڪالرﺷﭗ “ ﻭﭠﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﮙڙﻫﻪ ﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻲ - ﺍﻱ ۽ پوءِ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﻲ ﺳﻨد (LL.B) ﻭﭠﻲ، ﺣﻴﺪﺭﺁﺑﺎﺩ ﺩﮐﻦ ۾ ﭘﻨﻬﻨﺠﻲ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﮓ ﺳﺎﻥ ﮔڏﺟﻲ وڪالت ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ڪياﺋﻴﻦ. ﭔﻪ ﺷﺎﺩﻳﻮﻥ ڪياﺋﻴﻦ، ﭘﺮ ﭘﮁﺎڙﻱﺀَ ﺗﺎﺋﻴﻦ پٽيلو ﺍﻭﻻﺩ ڪو ﻧﻪ ﭤﻴﺲ. ﮐﻴﺲ ﺩﮐﻨﻲ ﺁﺏ ﻫﻮﺍ ﭜﺎﻥﺀِ ﻧﻪ ﭘﺌﻲ؛ ﺟﻨﻬﻦ ڪري ڪجهه ﻭﻗﺖ کانپوءِ ﻭﺍﭘﺲ ﻭﻃﻦ ﻭﺭﻳﻮ؛ ۽ ﺧﻴﺮﭘﻮﺭ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ۾ ﺟﺞ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﭤﻴﻮ. ﻋﻬﺪﻭ ﺗﻪ ﻭڏﻭ ﻣﻠﻴﺲ، پر ﺳﻨﺪﺱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ سرڪاري ﻣﻼﺯﻣﺖ ۾ ﻧﻪ ﻟﮙﻲ. ﭘﻮﺀِ ﺣﻴﺪﺭﺁﺑﺎﺩ ۾ وڪالت ﮐﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﺎﻋﺪي ﭘﻴﺸﻮ ﺑﮣﺎﻳﺎﺋﻴﻦ. ﻣﺤﻨﺖ ۽ ﺍﻭﺭﭼﺎﺋﻲﺀَ ﺳﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻧﺎﻟﻮ ڪڍﻳﺎﺋﻴﻦ. ﺳﻨﺪﺱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﻦ ﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﻫﺮ ڪرڻ ۽ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﭔﺎﺭﻥ ﺟﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻻﺀِ ﺁﺗﻲ ﻫﺌﻲ. ﻭﻳﺘﺮ ﺁﻧﺮﺑﻞ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻏﻼﻡ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺧﺎﻥ ﭜﺮﮘڙﻱ (1878 ﻉ – 1924 ﻉ ) ﺟﻬڙﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﺺ ﺟﻮ ﺳﺎﭢ ﻣﻠﻴﻮ؛ ﺟﻨﻬﻦ ڪﺮﻱ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻦ ۾ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ڪاﻣﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ڪياﺋﻴﻦ. ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻮ ﺍﻫﻮ نڪتو، ﺟﻮ ﺣﻴﺪﺭﺁﺑﺎﺩ, ﺳﻨﮅ ﺟﻬڙﻱ ﻣﺮڪزﻱ ﺷﻬﺮ ۾، 1924 ﻉ ۾ [[نور محمد هاء اسڪول حيدرآباد|ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻫﺎﺀِ اسڪوﻝ]] ۽ 1925 ﻉ ۾ هاسٽل ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ڪرﻱ ﻭﺭﺗﺎﺋﻴﻦ. ﭘﻮﺀِ ﺗﻪ ﭘﻨﻬﻨﺠﻲ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﺩﻥ ﮐﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﻴﺮﻭ ﺭﮐﻲ ﻫﻦ ﺧﻴﺮ ﺟﻲ ڪم ۾ ﺭﺍت ڏينهن ﺭﮄﻝ ﺭﻫﻴﻮ. ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﮐﻲ، ﺳﺮﻧﺪﻱﺀَ ﻭﺍﺭﻥ ﮐﺎﻥ اسڪاﻟﺮﺷﭙﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﭠﻲ ڏﻧﺎﺋﻴﻦ. ﭘﺎﮠ ﺟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺟﻲ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ۾ ﺍﻳﺘﺮﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺳﺮﮔﺮﻡ ﭘﺌﻲ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺁﻳﻮ، ﺍﺗﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﮐﺎﻥ ﻗﻮﻣﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻦ ﮐﻲ ﺑﻪ اوليت ڏﻳﻨﺪﻭ ﺁﻳﻮ. ﺍﻧﻬﻲﺀَ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻲ ۾، 1923 ﻉ ۾ ﺑﻤﺒﺌﻲ ڪاﺋﻮﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﻮ ﻣﻴﻤﺒﺮ ﺑﻪ چونڊيو ويو. ﺳﻨﺪﺱ ﺍﻫﺎ ﺁﺧﺮﻱ اِڇا يا مرضي ﻫﺌﻲ، ﺗﻪ ﺣﻴﺪﺭﺁﺑﺎﺩ ﺷﻬﺮ ۾ ”ﻣﺴﻠﻢ يونيورسٽي“ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ڪرﺍﻳﺎﻥ. پر ﺍﻓﺴﻮﺱ ﺟﻮ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲﺀَ ﺑﻘﺎﺀُ ﻧﻪ ڏﻧﺲ؛ ﺟﻨﻬﻦ ڪرﻱ 3 ﺫﻭﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪ 1356 ﻫﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ 22 ﺁﮔﺴﺖ 1937ﻉ ﺗﻲ ﺣﻴﺪﺭﺁﺑﺎﺩ ۾ ﺋﻲ ﻭﻓﺎﺕ ڪياﺋﻴﻦ. ﻭﺻﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﻴﺲ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ هاسٽل ﺣﻴﺪﺭﺁﺑﺎﺩ ۾ مٽيءَ ماءُ حوالي ڪيو ويو. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:سنڌي شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ودوان]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جي تاريخ]] [[زمرو:ماهر تعليم]] [[زمرو:1845ع جون پيدائشون]] [[زمرو:1937ع جون فوتگيون]] 59n2s8var0i6rmdxlb2x0zq2majhgm5 0 30587 373342 332357 2026-04-25T07:24:19Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:سنڌي سياستدان]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder |name = محمد ميان سومرو |image = Muhammad Mian Soomro.jpg |office = [[پاڪستان جو صدر]]<br><small>[[پاڪستان جو قائم مقام صدر|قائم مقام]]</small> |primeminister = [[يوسف رضا گيلاني]] |term_start = 18 آگسٽ 2008ع |term_end = 9 سيپٽمبر 2008ع |predecessor = [[پرويز مشرف]] |successor = [[آصف علي زرداري]] |office2 = [[پاڪستان جو وزيراعظم]] |president2 = [[پرويز مشرف]] |term_start2 = 16 نومبر 2007ع |term_end2 = 25 مارچ 2008ع |predecessor2 = [[شوڪت عزيز]] |successor2 = [[يوسف رضا گيلاني]] |office3 = چوٿون [[پاڪستان جي سينيٽ جو چيئرمين]] |term_start3 = 23 مارچ 2003ع |term_end3 = 11 مارچ 2009ع |predecessor3 = [[وسيم سجاد]] |successor3 = [[فاروق نائيڪ]] |birth_date = {{Bda|1950|8|19|df=y}} |birth_place = [[ڪراچي]], [[پاڪستان]] |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[پاڪستان مسلم ليگ ق]] |alma_mater = [[فارمين ڪرسچن ڪاليج]] |religion = [[اسلام]] }} ''ميان محمد سومرو [[16 نومبر]] [[2007ع]] تي [[پاڪستان]] جي نگران وزيراعظم جو حلف کنيو۔ ان کان پھريان پاڻ [[پاڪستان جي سينيٽ جو چيئرمين]] ھو۔ پيشي جي اعتبار سا بينڪار رھيو آھي۔ بينڪاريء جي دوران ئي ڪجهه اخبارن جي مطابق ھن تي فراڊ جو الزام بہ لڳو ھو۔ سندن جي پھرين قدمن ۾ بلٽ پروف گاڏين جي ملڪ ۾ درآمد تي محصول جي اڳاڙيء جو اعلان آھي۔ ان کان اڳ جڏھن ھو وقتي صدر بڻيو تہ ھن سينيٽ جي چيئرمين ۽ ان جي پوري خاندان جي لاءِ خصوصي مراعتون منظور ڪيون ھون۔ جنھن ۾ تاحيات پروٽوڪول ۽ ڊپلوميٽ پاسپورٽ شامل آھن۔ ميان محمد سومرو [[18 آگسٽ]] [[2008ع]] تي پاڪستان جي وقتي صدر جو عھدو سنڀالي ورتو۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[پاڪستان جو وزيراعظم]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[عظيم دائودپوٽو]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[سنڌ جو گورنر]]|years=2000–2002}} {{s-aft|after=[[عشرت العباد خان]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[وسيم سجاد]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[پاڪستان جي سينيٽ جو چيئرمين|سينيٽ جو چيئرمين]]|years=2003–2007}} {{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[جان محمد جمالي]]}}<br><small>وقتي</small>}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[شوڪت عزيز]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[پاڪستان جو وزيراعظم]]|years=2007–2008}} {{s-aft|after=[[يوسف رضا گيلاني]]}} |- {{s-bef|before={{nowrap|[[جان محمد جمالي]]}}<br><small>وقتي</small>}} {{s-ttl|title=[[پاڪستان جي سينيٽ جو چيئرمين|سينيٽ جو چيئرمين]]|years=2008}} {{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[جان محمد جمالي]]}}<br><small>وقتي</small>}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[پرويز مشرف]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[پاڪستان جو صدر]]<br><small>وقتي</small>|years=2008}} {{s-aft|after=[[آصف علي زرداري]]}} |- {{s-bef|before={{nowrap|[[جان محمد جمالي]]}}<br><small>وقتي</small>}} {{s-ttl|title=[[پاڪستان جي سينيٽ جو چيئرمين|سينيٽ جو چيئرمين]]|years=2008–2009}} {{s-aft|after=[[فاروق نائيڪ]]}} {{s-end}} {{پاڪستان جا وزيراعظم}} {{پاڪستان جا صدر}} {{پاڪستان جي سينييٽ جا چيئرمين}} [[زمرو:پاڪستاني بينڪار]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني سياستدان]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جا صدر]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جا وزيراعظم]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جي سينيٽ جا چيئرمين]] [[زمرو:جيڪب آباد ضلعي جون شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:جيوت ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:جيئرا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:سنڌي سياستدان]] [[زمرو:سنڌي شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جا گورنر]] [[زمرو:محمد ميان سومرو]] [[زمرو:1950ع جون پيدائشون]] 7s6sbbcicnq0t1viumovm34dl0l2sc4 14 31113 373250 77789 2026-04-24T19:02:26Z Memon2025 21315 373250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{اصل مضمون}} [[تجارت]] {{انگ}} Business <br> هن زمري ۾ [[تجارت]] (Business) سان متعلق مضمون رکيا وڃن. اهڙا مضمون جن جو تعلق [[معيشت]] ۽ [[ماليات]] سان بہ هجي اُهي [[:زمرو:معيشت|معاشيات]] ۽ [[:زمرو:ماليات|ماليات]] جي زمرن]] ۾ عليحدہ سان بہ رکيا وڃي سگهجن ٿا. [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:ماليات]] [[زمرو:معيشت]] [[زمرو:معاشيات]] ou6sxq8qjf0k6bw4qindnhu7wat3xtn 373251 373250 2026-04-24T19:03:07Z Memon2025 21315 373251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{اصل مضمون}} [[تجارت]] {{انگ}} Business <br> هن زمري ۾ [[تجارت]] (Business) سان متعلق مضمون رکيا وڃن. اهڙا مضمون جن جو تعلق [[معيشت]] ۽ [[ماليات]] سان بہ هجي اُهي [[:زمرو:معيشت|معاشيات]] ۽ [[:زمرو:ماليات|ماليات جي زمرن]] ۾ عليحدہ سان بہ رکيا وڃي سگهجن ٿا. [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:ماليات]] [[زمرو:معيشت]] [[زمرو:معاشيات]] ky6penktrmljpw559tv5ia9z814xhqc 0 31252 373222 334848 2026-04-24T17:56:24Z Memon2025 21315 373222 wikitext text/x-wiki اقتصاديات ۾، ڪيپيٽل گڊس يا '''سرمائيداري''' "اهي پائيدار پيداواري شيون آهن، جيڪي بدلي ۾ وڌيڪ پيداوار لاءِ پيداواري ان پٽ طور استعمال ٿين ٿيون" سامان ۽ خدمتن جي. هڪ عام مثال هڪ ڪارخاني ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ مشينري آهي. وڏي اقتصادي سطح تي، "[[قوم]] جي سرمائي واري اسٽاڪ ۾ ڏنل سال دوران عمارتون، سامان، سافٽ ويئر، ۽ انونٽريز شامل آهن."<ref>{{Citation |title=سندي ذات هنجن (ادب جي پرک) (رسول بخش پليجو) {{!}} سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=281 |accessdate=2016-08-28 |archive-date=2017-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912100411/http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=281 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:سرمائيداري]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:نظريو]] [[زمرو:اولهندي تهذيب]] [[زمرو:سماجي سائنس]] [[زمرو:عالمي سياست]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري اخلاقيات]] [[زمرو:معاشي فلاسافي]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري تنظيمون]] [[زمرو:بين الاقوامي ڪاروبار]] jyfq1yujq8x0h7qkuvau7tvyd2kfygz 0 32059 373324 373049 2026-04-25T04:42:09Z Ibne maryam 17680 373324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} '''ٽائيٽئنڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == تفصيل == '''''Titanic''''' is a ٽائيٽينڪ (Titanic) سال 1997ع جي هڪ آمريڪي رزميه تاريخي رومانوي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو. 1.84 بلين ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا اربين ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (1993 جي جراسڪ پارڪ بعد ۾ ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي ويندي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، اوتار (2009) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، 2010 ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو.<ref name=":2" /> 1997 American [[Epic film|epic]] [[historical romance]] film written and directed by [[James Cameron]]. Incorporating both historical and fictional aspects, it is based on accounts of [[Sinking of the Titanic|the sinking]] of {{RMS|Titanic}} in 1912. [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] and [[Kate Winslet]] star as members of different social classes who fall in love during the ship's ill-fated maiden voyage. The [[ensemble cast]] includes [[Billy Zane]], [[Kathy Bates]], [[Frances Fisher]], [[Bernard Hill]], [[Jonathan Hyde]], [[Danny Nucci]], [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] and [[Bill Paxton]]. Cameron's inspiration came from his fascination with [[shipwreck]]s. He felt a love story interspersed with human loss would be essential to convey the emotional impact of the disaster. Production began on September 1, 1995,<ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=November 6, 2022|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> when Cameron shot footage of the [[Wreck of the Titanic|''Titanic'' wreck]]. The modern scenes were shot on board the [[Shirshov Institute of Oceanology]] [[research vessel]] ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]'', which Cameron had used as a base when filming the wreck. [[Scale model]]s, [[computer-generated imagery|computer-generated imagery (CGI)]], and a reconstruction of the ''Titanic'' built at [[Baja Studios]] were used to recreate the sinking. ''Titanic'' was initially in development at [[20th Century Fox]], but delays and a mounting budget resulted in Fox partnering with [[Paramount Pictures]] for financial help. It was the [[List of most expensive films|most expensive film ever made]] at the time, with a production budget of $200&nbsp;million. Filming took place from July 1996 to March 1997. ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]] on November 1, 1997, and was released in the United States on December 19. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures in the United States and Canada and by 20th Century Fox in other territories. It was praised for its visual effects, performances (particularly those of DiCaprio, Winslet, and [[Gloria Stuart]]), production values, direction, score, cinematography, story, and emotional depth. [[List of accolades received by Titanic|Among other awards]], the film received fourteen nominations at the [[70th Academy Awards]] and won eleven, including [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]]. In doing so, it tied both ''[[All About Eve]]'' (1950) for the record for the most [[Academy Award]] nominations, and ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]'' (1959) for the most Academy Awards won by a film, making ''Titanic'' the most successful individual film in Academy Award history (these records would be matched by 2016's ''[[La La Land]]'' and 2003's ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' respectively, although the nomination record was surpassed by 2025's ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in [[98th Academy Awards|2026]]<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref>). With an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84&nbsp;billion, ''Titanic'' was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark (1993's ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' would later become the earliest-released film to achieve this feat, via subsequent re-releases), and was [[Timeline of highest-grossing films|the highest-grossing film of all time]] until Cameron's next film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), surpassed it in 2010. Income from the initial theatrical release, retail video, and soundtrack sales and US broadcast rights exceeded $3.2 billion.<ref name="VHS" /> Releases pushed the worldwide theatrical total to $2.264&nbsp;billion, making ''Titanic'' the second film to gross more than $2&nbsp;billion worldwide after ''Avatar''; as of 2023, it is the [[List of highest-grossing films|fourth-highest-grossing film]]. In 2017, the [[Library of Congress]] selected it for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". ==پلاٽ== <!-- Please do not add significant detail to this section; there is a 700-word standard specified in WP:FILMPLOT. This hidden note, the refn note and two references are not a part of the word count.--> In 1996, aboard the research vessel ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]'', treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team explore the [[Wreck of the Titanic|wreck of RMS ''Titanic'']], hoping to find a necklace known as the Heart of the Ocean. Instead, they recover a safe containing a drawing of a young woman wearing the necklace. The sketch is dated April 14, 1912, the day the ''Titanic'' [[Iceberg that struck the Titanic|struck an iceberg]] and [[Sinking of the Titanic|sank]], resulting in about 1,500 deaths.{{refn|Although the ''Titanic'' hit the iceberg on April 14, it did not sink until the early hours of April 15.|group=Note}} After seeing a television report about the discovery, [[centenarian]] Rose Dawson Calvert contacts Lovett, revealing she is the woman in the drawing. Hoping she can help locate the necklace, Lovett brings Rose and her granddaughter aboard the ''Keldysh'', where Rose recounts her experience on ''Titanic.'' In 1912, 17-year-old Rose DeWitt Bukater boards the ''Titanic'' in [[Southampton]] with her wealthy fiancé, Cal Hockley, and her mother, Ruth. Rose is unhappy in the loveless engagement, but Ruth stresses that the marriage will resolve their financial problems. Rose contemplates suicide by jumping from the ship's stern, but is stopped by Jack Dawson, a poor nomadic artist. Jack and Rose form a friendship, and Jack confesses his feelings for her. Though initially resistant, Rose realizes she has fallen in love with Jack, despite Cal's and Ruth's disapproval. Rose brings Jack to her stateroom and asks him to draw her nude wearing only the necklace. Afterward, they evade Cal's valet, Spicer Lovejoy, and have sex in a car in the cargo hold. On the forward deck, they witness the ship's collision with an iceberg and overhear officers discussing the severity of the situation. When Cal discovers Jack's sketch of Rose, he has Lovejoy plant the necklace on Jack, framing him for theft. Jack is arrested and locked in the [[master-at-arms]]' office, and Cal pockets the necklace. As ''Titanic'' sinks, women and children are prioritized for the lifeboats. Rose rescues Jack and they return to the deck, where Cal urges Rose to board a lifeboat, claiming he and Jack will board another. Cal unwittingly wraps his coat, containing the necklace, around her. As her lifeboat is lowered, Rose jumps back onto the ship, unwilling to leave Jack behind. Enraged, Cal grabs a pistol and chases them through the flooding ship, but gives up when they escape. Cal joins a lifeboat by pretending to be a child's father. As the flooded bow sinks, the stern rises into the air and Jack and Rose cling to the railing. The ship splits in two, and the stern sinks into the freezing water with the remaining passengers. Jack helps Rose onto<!-- DO NOT CHANGE --> floating debris and makes her promise to survive and live a full life. Jack dies from [[hypothermia]], but Rose is saved by a returning lifeboat and rescued by the {{RMS|Carpathia}}. Rose hides from Cal and her mother and gives her name as Rose Dawson on her arrival in New York City. In the present, Rose reveals that Cal committed suicide after losing his fortune in the [[1929 stock market crash]]. She tells the ''Keldysh'' crew that Jack saved her in every possible way, and laments that her memories are all that she has left of him. Touched by her account, Lovett abandons his search for the necklace. Alone at night on the stern of the ''Keldysh'', Rose, who has kept the necklace in her possession, drops it into the sea above the wreck. Later, as she lies in her bed, photographs on her dresser depict a life of freedom and adventure inspired by Jack.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> Aboard the pristine ''Titanic'', a young Rose reunites with Jack at the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]], applauded by the passengers and crew who died in the sinking. ==ڪاسٽ== ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] daa9shh9ixcf306lrvuc13blf1oeie3 373327 373324 2026-04-25T04:54:07Z Ibne maryam 17680 373327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} '''ٽائيٽئنڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == تفصيل == '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال 1997ع جي هڪ آمريڪي رزميه تاريخي رومانوي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. Income from the initial theatrical release, retail video, and soundtrack sales and US broadcast rights exceeded $3.2 billion.<ref name="VHS" /> Releases pushed the worldwide theatrical total to $2.264&nbsp;billion, making ''Titanic'' the second film to gross more than $2&nbsp;billion worldwide after ''Avatar''; as of 2023, it is the [[List of highest-grossing films|fourth-highest-grossing film]]. In 2017, the [[Library of Congress]] selected it for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". ==پلاٽ== <!-- Please do not add significant detail to this section; there is a 700-word standard specified in WP:FILMPLOT. This hidden note, the refn note and two references are not a part of the word count.--> In 1996, aboard the research vessel ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]'', treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team explore the [[Wreck of the Titanic|wreck of RMS ''Titanic'']], hoping to find a necklace known as the Heart of the Ocean. Instead, they recover a safe containing a drawing of a young woman wearing the necklace. The sketch is dated April 14, 1912, the day the ''Titanic'' [[Iceberg that struck the Titanic|struck an iceberg]] and [[Sinking of the Titanic|sank]], resulting in about 1,500 deaths.{{refn|Although the ''Titanic'' hit the iceberg on April 14, it did not sink until the early hours of April 15.|group=Note}} After seeing a television report about the discovery, [[centenarian]] Rose Dawson Calvert contacts Lovett, revealing she is the woman in the drawing. Hoping she can help locate the necklace, Lovett brings Rose and her granddaughter aboard the ''Keldysh'', where Rose recounts her experience on ''Titanic.'' In 1912, 17-year-old Rose DeWitt Bukater boards the ''Titanic'' in [[Southampton]] with her wealthy fiancé, Cal Hockley, and her mother, Ruth. Rose is unhappy in the loveless engagement, but Ruth stresses that the marriage will resolve their financial problems. Rose contemplates suicide by jumping from the ship's stern, but is stopped by Jack Dawson, a poor nomadic artist. Jack and Rose form a friendship, and Jack confesses his feelings for her. Though initially resistant, Rose realizes she has fallen in love with Jack, despite Cal's and Ruth's disapproval. Rose brings Jack to her stateroom and asks him to draw her nude wearing only the necklace. Afterward, they evade Cal's valet, Spicer Lovejoy, and have sex in a car in the cargo hold. On the forward deck, they witness the ship's collision with an iceberg and overhear officers discussing the severity of the situation. When Cal discovers Jack's sketch of Rose, he has Lovejoy plant the necklace on Jack, framing him for theft. Jack is arrested and locked in the [[master-at-arms]]' office, and Cal pockets the necklace. As ''Titanic'' sinks, women and children are prioritized for the lifeboats. Rose rescues Jack and they return to the deck, where Cal urges Rose to board a lifeboat, claiming he and Jack will board another. Cal unwittingly wraps his coat, containing the necklace, around her. As her lifeboat is lowered, Rose jumps back onto the ship, unwilling to leave Jack behind. Enraged, Cal grabs a pistol and chases them through the flooding ship, but gives up when they escape. Cal joins a lifeboat by pretending to be a child's father. As the flooded bow sinks, the stern rises into the air and Jack and Rose cling to the railing. The ship splits in two, and the stern sinks into the freezing water with the remaining passengers. Jack helps Rose onto<!-- DO NOT CHANGE --> floating debris and makes her promise to survive and live a full life. Jack dies from [[hypothermia]], but Rose is saved by a returning lifeboat and rescued by the {{RMS|Carpathia}}. Rose hides from Cal and her mother and gives her name as Rose Dawson on her arrival in New York City. In the present, Rose reveals that Cal committed suicide after losing his fortune in the [[1929 stock market crash]]. She tells the ''Keldysh'' crew that Jack saved her in every possible way, and laments that her memories are all that she has left of him. Touched by her account, Lovett abandons his search for the necklace. Alone at night on the stern of the ''Keldysh'', Rose, who has kept the necklace in her possession, drops it into the sea above the wreck. Later, as she lies in her bed, photographs on her dresser depict a life of freedom and adventure inspired by Jack.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> Aboard the pristine ''Titanic'', a young Rose reunites with Jack at the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]], applauded by the passengers and crew who died in the sinking. ==ڪاسٽ== ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] 055waqsgdxv963lau6pyuy8jq4bvbo8 373328 373327 2026-04-25T05:20:31Z Ibne maryam 17680 373328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} '''ٽائيٽئنڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == تفصيل == '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال 1997ع جي هڪ آمريڪي رزميه تاريخي رومانوي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ (ريسرچ جهاز اڪيڊميڪ مسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش تي سوار) خزاني جو شڪار ڪندڙ بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (اميد آهي ته هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جو دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). ان جي بدران اهي هڪ محفوظ گهر حاصل ڪندا آهن جنهن ۾ هڪ نوجوان عورت جي هار پائڻ واري ڊرائنگ هوندي آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912 تي ٻڌل آهي (جنهن ڏينهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو). نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ 1,500 موت واقع ٿيا. دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ. صد ساله روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي. ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ عورت آهي. اميد آهي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي. لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش تي سوار ڪري ٿي. جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. * 1912 ۾. 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر (ڪال هاڪلي) ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ (روٿ) سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر روٿ زور ڏئي ٿي. ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز جهاز جي سختي مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي. پر جڪ ڊاوسن طرفان روڪيو ويو آهي. هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار. جڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا. ۽ جڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪري ٿي. روز کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ جڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. ڪيل ۽ روٿ جي ناپسنديده هجڻ جي باوجود. * روز جڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي. ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾. اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر (لوجوائي) کان بچي وڃن ٿا ۽ ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي. اهي جهاز جي برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا. ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ٻڌن ٿا. جڏهن ڪيل جڪ کي روز جو اسڪيچ معلوم ٿئي ٿو. هو لوجوائي کي جڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو. هن کي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو. ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. * جيئن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جڪ کي بچائي ٿو ۽ اهي ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو. دعويٰ ڪري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ (هارون جنهن ۾) هن جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو. جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي ٿو. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿو. جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه آهي. ڪاوڙ ۾. ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻوڏ واري ٻيڙي ذريعي انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو. پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. ==پلاٽ== <!-- Please do not add significant detail to this section; there is a 700-word standard specified in WP:FILMPLOT. This hidden note, the refn note and two references are not a part of the word count.--> In 1996, aboard the research vessel ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]'', treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team explore the [[Wreck of the Titanic|wreck of RMS ''Titanic'']], hoping to find a necklace known as the Heart of the Ocean. Instead, they recover a safe containing a drawing of a young woman wearing the necklace. The sketch is dated April 14, 1912, the day the ''Titanic'' [[Iceberg that struck the Titanic|struck an iceberg]] and [[Sinking of the Titanic|sank]], resulting in about 1,500 deaths.{{refn|Although the ''Titanic'' hit the iceberg on April 14, it did not sink until the early hours of April 15.|group=Note}} After seeing a television report about the discovery, [[centenarian]] Rose Dawson Calvert contacts Lovett, revealing she is the woman in the drawing. Hoping she can help locate the necklace, Lovett brings Rose and her granddaughter aboard the ''Keldysh'', where Rose recounts her experience on ''Titanic.'' In 1912, 17-year-old Rose DeWitt Bukater boards the ''Titanic'' in [[Southampton]] with her wealthy fiancé, Cal Hockley, and her mother, Ruth. Rose is unhappy in the loveless engagement, but Ruth stresses that the marriage will resolve their financial problems. Rose contemplates suicide by jumping from the ship's stern, but is stopped by Jack Dawson, a poor nomadic artist. Jack and Rose form a friendship, and Jack confesses his feelings for her. Though initially resistant, Rose realizes she has fallen in love with Jack, despite Cal's and Ruth's disapproval. Rose brings Jack to her stateroom and asks him to draw her nude wearing only the necklace. Afterward, they evade Cal's valet, Spicer Lovejoy, and have sex in a car in the cargo hold. On the forward deck, they witness the ship's collision with an iceberg and overhear officers discussing the severity of the situation. When Cal discovers Jack's sketch of Rose, he has Lovejoy plant the necklace on Jack, framing him for theft. Jack is arrested and locked in the [[master-at-arms]]' office, and Cal pockets the necklace. As ''Titanic'' sinks, women and children are prioritized for the lifeboats. Rose rescues Jack and they return to the deck, where Cal urges Rose to board a lifeboat, claiming he and Jack will board another. Cal unwittingly wraps his coat, containing the necklace, around her. As her lifeboat is lowered, Rose jumps back onto the ship, unwilling to leave Jack behind. Enraged, Cal grabs a pistol and chases them through the flooding ship, but gives up when they escape. Cal joins a lifeboat by pretending to be a child's father. As the flooded bow sinks, the stern rises into the air and Jack and Rose cling to the railing. The ship splits in two, and the stern sinks into the freezing water with the remaining passengers. Jack helps Rose onto<!-- DO NOT CHANGE --> floating debris and makes her promise to survive and live a full life. Jack dies from [[hypothermia]], but Rose is saved by a returning lifeboat and rescued by the {{RMS|Carpathia}}. Rose hides from Cal and her mother and gives her name as Rose Dawson on her arrival in New York City. In the present, Rose reveals that Cal committed suicide after losing his fortune in the [[1929 stock market crash]]. She tells the ''Keldysh'' crew that Jack saved her in every possible way, and laments that her memories are all that she has left of him. Touched by her account, Lovett abandons his search for the necklace. Alone at night on the stern of the ''Keldysh'', Rose, who has kept the necklace in her possession, drops it into the sea above the wreck. Later, as she lies in her bed, photographs on her dresser depict a life of freedom and adventure inspired by Jack.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> Aboard the pristine ''Titanic'', a young Rose reunites with Jack at the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]], applauded by the passengers and crew who died in the sinking. ==ڪاسٽ== ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] hqbm6m0odqh29be5117vci2blnqd7eu 373329 373328 2026-04-25T05:22:03Z Ibne maryam 17680 373329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} ==تبصرو== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} '''ٽائيٽئنڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == تفصيل == '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال 1997ع جي هڪ آمريڪي رزميه تاريخي رومانوي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ (ريسرچ جهاز اڪيڊميڪ مسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش تي سوار) خزاني جو شڪار ڪندڙ بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (اميد آهي ته هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جو دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). ان جي بدران اهي هڪ محفوظ گهر حاصل ڪندا آهن جنهن ۾ هڪ نوجوان عورت جي هار پائڻ واري ڊرائنگ هوندي آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912 تي ٻڌل آهي (جنهن ڏينهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو). نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ 1,500 موت واقع ٿيا. دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ. صد ساله روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي. ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ عورت آهي. اميد آهي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي. لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش تي سوار ڪري ٿي. جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. * 1912 ۾. 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر (ڪال هاڪلي) ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ (روٿ) سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر روٿ زور ڏئي ٿي. ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز جهاز جي سختي مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي. پر جڪ ڊاوسن طرفان روڪيو ويو آهي. هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار. جڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا. ۽ جڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪري ٿي. روز کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ جڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. ڪيل ۽ روٿ جي ناپسنديده هجڻ جي باوجود. * روز جڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي. ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾. اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر (لوجوائي) کان بچي وڃن ٿا ۽ ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي. اهي جهاز جي برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا. ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ٻڌن ٿا. جڏهن ڪيل جڪ کي روز جو اسڪيچ معلوم ٿئي ٿو. هو لوجوائي کي جڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو. هن کي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو. ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. * جيئن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جڪ کي بچائي ٿو ۽ اهي ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو. دعويٰ ڪري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ (هارون جنهن ۾) هن جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو. جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي ٿو. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿو. جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه آهي. ڪاوڙ ۾. ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻوڏ واري ٻيڙي ذريعي انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو. پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. ==پلاٽ== <!-- Please do not add significant detail to this section; there is a 700-word standard specified in WP:FILMPLOT. This hidden note, the refn note and two references are not a part of the word count.--> In 1996, aboard the research vessel ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]'', treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team explore the [[Wreck of the Titanic|wreck of RMS ''Titanic'']], hoping to find a necklace known as the Heart of the Ocean. Instead, they recover a safe containing a drawing of a young woman wearing the necklace. The sketch is dated April 14, 1912, the day the ''Titanic'' [[Iceberg that struck the Titanic|struck an iceberg]] and [[Sinking of the Titanic|sank]], resulting in about 1,500 deaths.{{refn|Although the ''Titanic'' hit the iceberg on April 14, it did not sink until the early hours of April 15.|group=Note}} After seeing a television report about the discovery, [[centenarian]] Rose Dawson Calvert contacts Lovett, revealing she is the woman in the drawing. Hoping she can help locate the necklace, Lovett brings Rose and her granddaughter aboard the ''Keldysh'', where Rose recounts her experience on ''Titanic.'' In 1912, 17-year-old Rose DeWitt Bukater boards the ''Titanic'' in [[Southampton]] with her wealthy fiancé, Cal Hockley, and her mother, Ruth. Rose is unhappy in the loveless engagement, but Ruth stresses that the marriage will resolve their financial problems. Rose contemplates suicide by jumping from the ship's stern, but is stopped by Jack Dawson, a poor nomadic artist. Jack and Rose form a friendship, and Jack confesses his feelings for her. Though initially resistant, Rose realizes she has fallen in love with Jack, despite Cal's and Ruth's disapproval. Rose brings Jack to her stateroom and asks him to draw her nude wearing only the necklace. Afterward, they evade Cal's valet, Spicer Lovejoy, and have sex in a car in the cargo hold. On the forward deck, they witness the ship's collision with an iceberg and overhear officers discussing the severity of the situation. When Cal discovers Jack's sketch of Rose, he has Lovejoy plant the necklace on Jack, framing him for theft. Jack is arrested and locked in the [[master-at-arms]]' office, and Cal pockets the necklace. As ''Titanic'' sinks, women and children are prioritized for the lifeboats. Rose rescues Jack and they return to the deck, where Cal urges Rose to board a lifeboat, claiming he and Jack will board another. Cal unwittingly wraps his coat, containing the necklace, around her. As her lifeboat is lowered, Rose jumps back onto the ship, unwilling to leave Jack behind. Enraged, Cal grabs a pistol and chases them through the flooding ship, but gives up when they escape. Cal joins a lifeboat by pretending to be a child's father. As the flooded bow sinks, the stern rises into the air and Jack and Rose cling to the railing. The ship splits in two, and the stern sinks into the freezing water with the remaining passengers. Jack helps Rose onto<!-- DO NOT CHANGE --> floating debris and makes her promise to survive and live a full life. Jack dies from [[hypothermia]], but Rose is saved by a returning lifeboat and rescued by the {{RMS|Carpathia}}. Rose hides from Cal and her mother and gives her name as Rose Dawson on her arrival in New York City. In the present, Rose reveals that Cal committed suicide after losing his fortune in the [[1929 stock market crash]]. She tells the ''Keldysh'' crew that Jack saved her in every possible way, and laments that her memories are all that she has left of him. Touched by her account, Lovett abandons his search for the necklace. Alone at night on the stern of the ''Keldysh'', Rose, who has kept the necklace in her possession, drops it into the sea above the wreck. Later, as she lies in her bed, photographs on her dresser depict a life of freedom and adventure inspired by Jack.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> Aboard the pristine ''Titanic'', a young Rose reunites with Jack at the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]], applauded by the passengers and crew who died in the sinking. ==ڪاسٽ== ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] fzzdw03cwgqy9o6zctx367zflws3elx 373330 373329 2026-04-25T05:23:30Z Ibne maryam 17680 373330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} == تفصيل == '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال 1997ع جي هڪ آمريڪي رزميه تاريخي رومانوي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ (ريسرچ جهاز اڪيڊميڪ مسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش تي سوار) خزاني جو شڪار ڪندڙ بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (اميد آهي ته هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جو دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). ان جي بدران اهي هڪ محفوظ گهر حاصل ڪندا آهن جنهن ۾ هڪ نوجوان عورت جي هار پائڻ واري ڊرائنگ هوندي آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912 تي ٻڌل آهي (جنهن ڏينهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو). نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ 1,500 موت واقع ٿيا. دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ. صد ساله روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي. ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ عورت آهي. اميد آهي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي. لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش تي سوار ڪري ٿي. جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. * 1912 ۾. 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر (ڪال هاڪلي) ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ (روٿ) سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر روٿ زور ڏئي ٿي. ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز جهاز جي سختي مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي. پر جڪ ڊاوسن طرفان روڪيو ويو آهي. هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار. جڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا. ۽ جڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪري ٿي. روز کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ جڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. ڪيل ۽ روٿ جي ناپسنديده هجڻ جي باوجود. * روز جڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي. ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾. اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر (لوجوائي) کان بچي وڃن ٿا ۽ ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي. اهي جهاز جي برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا. ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ٻڌن ٿا. جڏهن ڪيل جڪ کي روز جو اسڪيچ معلوم ٿئي ٿو. هو لوجوائي کي جڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو. هن کي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو. ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. * جيئن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جڪ کي بچائي ٿو ۽ اهي ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو. دعويٰ ڪري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ (هارون جنهن ۾) هن جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو. جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي ٿو. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿو. جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه آهي. ڪاوڙ ۾. ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻوڏ واري ٻيڙي ذريعي انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو. پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. ==پلاٽ== <!-- Please do not add significant detail to this section; there is a 700-word standard specified in WP:FILMPLOT. This hidden note, the refn note and two references are not a part of the word count.--> In 1996, aboard the research vessel ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]'', treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team explore the [[Wreck of the Titanic|wreck of RMS ''Titanic'']], hoping to find a necklace known as the Heart of the Ocean. Instead, they recover a safe containing a drawing of a young woman wearing the necklace. The sketch is dated April 14, 1912, the day the ''Titanic'' [[Iceberg that struck the Titanic|struck an iceberg]] and [[Sinking of the Titanic|sank]], resulting in about 1,500 deaths.{{refn|Although the ''Titanic'' hit the iceberg on April 14, it did not sink until the early hours of April 15.|group=Note}} After seeing a television report about the discovery, [[centenarian]] Rose Dawson Calvert contacts Lovett, revealing she is the woman in the drawing. Hoping she can help locate the necklace, Lovett brings Rose and her granddaughter aboard the ''Keldysh'', where Rose recounts her experience on ''Titanic.'' In 1912, 17-year-old Rose DeWitt Bukater boards the ''Titanic'' in [[Southampton]] with her wealthy fiancé, Cal Hockley, and her mother, Ruth. Rose is unhappy in the loveless engagement, but Ruth stresses that the marriage will resolve their financial problems. Rose contemplates suicide by jumping from the ship's stern, but is stopped by Jack Dawson, a poor nomadic artist. Jack and Rose form a friendship, and Jack confesses his feelings for her. Though initially resistant, Rose realizes she has fallen in love with Jack, despite Cal's and Ruth's disapproval. Rose brings Jack to her stateroom and asks him to draw her nude wearing only the necklace. Afterward, they evade Cal's valet, Spicer Lovejoy, and have sex in a car in the cargo hold. On the forward deck, they witness the ship's collision with an iceberg and overhear officers discussing the severity of the situation. When Cal discovers Jack's sketch of Rose, he has Lovejoy plant the necklace on Jack, framing him for theft. Jack is arrested and locked in the [[master-at-arms]]' office, and Cal pockets the necklace. As ''Titanic'' sinks, women and children are prioritized for the lifeboats. Rose rescues Jack and they return to the deck, where Cal urges Rose to board a lifeboat, claiming he and Jack will board another. Cal unwittingly wraps his coat, containing the necklace, around her. As her lifeboat is lowered, Rose jumps back onto the ship, unwilling to leave Jack behind. Enraged, Cal grabs a pistol and chases them through the flooding ship, but gives up when they escape. Cal joins a lifeboat by pretending to be a child's father. As the flooded bow sinks, the stern rises into the air and Jack and Rose cling to the railing. The ship splits in two, and the stern sinks into the freezing water with the remaining passengers. Jack helps Rose onto<!-- DO NOT CHANGE --> floating debris and makes her promise to survive and live a full life. Jack dies from [[hypothermia]], but Rose is saved by a returning lifeboat and rescued by the {{RMS|Carpathia}}. Rose hides from Cal and her mother and gives her name as Rose Dawson on her arrival in New York City. In the present, Rose reveals that Cal committed suicide after losing his fortune in the [[1929 stock market crash]]. She tells the ''Keldysh'' crew that Jack saved her in every possible way, and laments that her memories are all that she has left of him. Touched by her account, Lovett abandons his search for the necklace. Alone at night on the stern of the ''Keldysh'', Rose, who has kept the necklace in her possession, drops it into the sea above the wreck. Later, as she lies in her bed, photographs on her dresser depict a life of freedom and adventure inspired by Jack.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> Aboard the pristine ''Titanic'', a young Rose reunites with Jack at the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]], applauded by the passengers and crew who died in the sinking. ==ڪاسٽ== ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] ekflc8hayfh1pc2aw693lwjt9vhfv0h 373331 373330 2026-04-25T05:24:55Z Ibne maryam 17680 373331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} == تفصيل == '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال 1997ع جي هڪ آمريڪي رزميه تاريخي رومانوي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ (ريسرچ جهاز اڪيڊميڪ مسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش تي سوار) خزاني جو شڪار ڪندڙ بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (اميد آهي ته هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جو دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). ان جي بدران اهي هڪ محفوظ گهر حاصل ڪندا آهن جنهن ۾ هڪ نوجوان عورت جي هار پائڻ واري ڊرائنگ هوندي آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912 تي ٻڌل آهي (جنهن ڏينهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو). نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ 1,500 موت واقع ٿيا. دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ. صد ساله روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي. ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ عورت آهي. اميد آهي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي. لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش تي سوار ڪري ٿي. جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. * 1912 ۾. 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر (ڪال هاڪلي) ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ (روٿ) سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر روٿ زور ڏئي ٿي. ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز جهاز جي سختي مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي. پر جڪ ڊاوسن طرفان روڪيو ويو آهي. هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار. جڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا. ۽ جڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪري ٿي. روز کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ جڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. ڪيل ۽ روٿ جي ناپسنديده هجڻ جي باوجود. * روز جڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي. ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾. اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر (لوجوائي) کان بچي وڃن ٿا ۽ ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي. اهي جهاز جي برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا. ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ٻڌن ٿا. جڏهن ڪيل جڪ کي روز جو اسڪيچ معلوم ٿئي ٿو. هو لوجوائي کي جڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو. هن کي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو. ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. * جيئن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جڪ کي بچائي ٿو ۽ اهي ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو. دعويٰ ڪري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ (هارون جنهن ۾) هن جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو. جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي ٿو. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿو. جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه آهي. ڪاوڙ ۾. ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻوڏ واري ٻيڙي ذريعي انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو. پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. ==پلاٽ== <!-- Please do not add significant detail to this section; there is a 700-word standard specified in WP:FILMPLOT. This hidden note, the refn note and two references are not a part of the word count.--> In 1996, aboard the research vessel ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]'', treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team explore the [[Wreck of the Titanic|wreck of RMS ''Titanic'']], hoping to find a necklace known as the Heart of the Ocean. Instead, they recover a safe containing a drawing of a young woman wearing the necklace. The sketch is dated April 14, 1912, the day the ''Titanic'' [[Iceberg that struck the Titanic|struck an iceberg]] and [[Sinking of the Titanic|sank]], resulting in about 1,500 deaths.{{refn|Although the ''Titanic'' hit the iceberg on April 14, it did not sink until the early hours of April 15.|group=Note}} After seeing a television report about the discovery, [[centenarian]] Rose Dawson Calvert contacts Lovett, revealing she is the woman in the drawing. Hoping she can help locate the necklace, Lovett brings Rose and her granddaughter aboard the ''Keldysh'', where Rose recounts her experience on ''Titanic.'' In 1912, 17-year-old Rose DeWitt Bukater boards the ''Titanic'' in [[Southampton]] with her wealthy fiancé, Cal Hockley, and her mother, Ruth. Rose is unhappy in the loveless engagement, but Ruth stresses that the marriage will resolve their financial problems. Rose contemplates suicide by jumping from the ship's stern, but is stopped by Jack Dawson, a poor nomadic artist. Jack and Rose form a friendship, and Jack confesses his feelings for her. Though initially resistant, Rose realizes she has fallen in love with Jack, despite Cal's and Ruth's disapproval. Rose brings Jack to her stateroom and asks him to draw her nude wearing only the necklace. Afterward, they evade Cal's valet, Spicer Lovejoy, and have sex in a car in the cargo hold. On the forward deck, they witness the ship's collision with an iceberg and overhear officers discussing the severity of the situation. When Cal discovers Jack's sketch of Rose, he has Lovejoy plant the necklace on Jack, framing him for theft. Jack is arrested and locked in the [[master-at-arms]]' office, and Cal pockets the necklace. As ''Titanic'' sinks, women and children are prioritized for the lifeboats. Rose rescues Jack and they return to the deck, where Cal urges Rose to board a lifeboat, claiming he and Jack will board another. Cal unwittingly wraps his coat, containing the necklace, around her. As her lifeboat is lowered, Rose jumps back onto the ship, unwilling to leave Jack behind. Enraged, Cal grabs a pistol and chases them through the flooding ship, but gives up when they escape. Cal joins a lifeboat by pretending to be a child's father. As the flooded bow sinks, the stern rises into the air and Jack and Rose cling to the railing. The ship splits in two, and the stern sinks into the freezing water with the remaining passengers. Jack helps Rose onto<!-- DO NOT CHANGE --> floating debris and makes her promise to survive and live a full life. Jack dies from [[hypothermia]], but Rose is saved by a returning lifeboat and rescued by the {{RMS|Carpathia}}. Rose hides from Cal and her mother and gives her name as Rose Dawson on her arrival in New York City. In the present, Rose reveals that Cal committed suicide after losing his fortune in the [[1929 stock market crash]]. She tells the ''Keldysh'' crew that Jack saved her in every possible way, and laments that her memories are all that she has left of him. Touched by her account, Lovett abandons his search for the necklace. Alone at night on the stern of the ''Keldysh'', Rose, who has kept the necklace in her possession, drops it into the sea above the wreck. Later, as she lies in her bed, photographs on her dresser depict a life of freedom and adventure inspired by Jack.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> Aboard the pristine ''Titanic'', a young Rose reunites with Jack at the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]], applauded by the passengers and crew who died in the sinking. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} '''ٽائيٽئنڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] bp43sasmcgu7owu7m1c1jpqkwjsi44x 373332 373331 2026-04-25T05:25:34Z Ibne maryam 17680 373332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال 1997ع جي هڪ آمريڪي رزميه تاريخي رومانوي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ (ريسرچ جهاز اڪيڊميڪ مسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش تي سوار) خزاني جو شڪار ڪندڙ بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (اميد آهي ته هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جو دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). ان جي بدران اهي هڪ محفوظ گهر حاصل ڪندا آهن جنهن ۾ هڪ نوجوان عورت جي هار پائڻ واري ڊرائنگ هوندي آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912 تي ٻڌل آهي (جنهن ڏينهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو). نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ 1,500 موت واقع ٿيا. دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ. صد ساله روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي. ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ عورت آهي. اميد آهي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي. لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش تي سوار ڪري ٿي. جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. * 1912 ۾. 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر (ڪال هاڪلي) ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ (روٿ) سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر روٿ زور ڏئي ٿي. ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز جهاز جي سختي مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي. پر جڪ ڊاوسن طرفان روڪيو ويو آهي. هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار. جڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا. ۽ جڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪري ٿي. روز کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ جڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. ڪيل ۽ روٿ جي ناپسنديده هجڻ جي باوجود. * روز جڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي. ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾. اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر (لوجوائي) کان بچي وڃن ٿا ۽ ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي. اهي جهاز جي برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا. ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ٻڌن ٿا. جڏهن ڪيل جڪ کي روز جو اسڪيچ معلوم ٿئي ٿو. هو لوجوائي کي جڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو. هن کي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو. ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. * جيئن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جڪ کي بچائي ٿو ۽ اهي ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو. دعويٰ ڪري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ (هارون جنهن ۾) هن جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو. جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي ٿو. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿو. جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه آهي. ڪاوڙ ۾. ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻوڏ واري ٻيڙي ذريعي انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو. پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. ==پلاٽ== <!-- Please do not add significant detail to this section; there is a 700-word standard specified in WP:FILMPLOT. This hidden note, the refn note and two references are not a part of the word count.--> In 1996, aboard the research vessel ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]'', treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team explore the [[Wreck of the Titanic|wreck of RMS ''Titanic'']], hoping to find a necklace known as the Heart of the Ocean. Instead, they recover a safe containing a drawing of a young woman wearing the necklace. The sketch is dated April 14, 1912, the day the ''Titanic'' [[Iceberg that struck the Titanic|struck an iceberg]] and [[Sinking of the Titanic|sank]], resulting in about 1,500 deaths.{{refn|Although the ''Titanic'' hit the iceberg on April 14, it did not sink until the early hours of April 15.|group=Note}} After seeing a television report about the discovery, [[centenarian]] Rose Dawson Calvert contacts Lovett, revealing she is the woman in the drawing. Hoping she can help locate the necklace, Lovett brings Rose and her granddaughter aboard the ''Keldysh'', where Rose recounts her experience on ''Titanic.'' In 1912, 17-year-old Rose DeWitt Bukater boards the ''Titanic'' in [[Southampton]] with her wealthy fiancé, Cal Hockley, and her mother, Ruth. Rose is unhappy in the loveless engagement, but Ruth stresses that the marriage will resolve their financial problems. Rose contemplates suicide by jumping from the ship's stern, but is stopped by Jack Dawson, a poor nomadic artist. Jack and Rose form a friendship, and Jack confesses his feelings for her. Though initially resistant, Rose realizes she has fallen in love with Jack, despite Cal's and Ruth's disapproval. Rose brings Jack to her stateroom and asks him to draw her nude wearing only the necklace. Afterward, they evade Cal's valet, Spicer Lovejoy, and have sex in a car in the cargo hold. On the forward deck, they witness the ship's collision with an iceberg and overhear officers discussing the severity of the situation. When Cal discovers Jack's sketch of Rose, he has Lovejoy plant the necklace on Jack, framing him for theft. Jack is arrested and locked in the [[master-at-arms]]' office, and Cal pockets the necklace. As ''Titanic'' sinks, women and children are prioritized for the lifeboats. Rose rescues Jack and they return to the deck, where Cal urges Rose to board a lifeboat, claiming he and Jack will board another. Cal unwittingly wraps his coat, containing the necklace, around her. As her lifeboat is lowered, Rose jumps back onto the ship, unwilling to leave Jack behind. Enraged, Cal grabs a pistol and chases them through the flooding ship, but gives up when they escape. Cal joins a lifeboat by pretending to be a child's father. As the flooded bow sinks, the stern rises into the air and Jack and Rose cling to the railing. The ship splits in two, and the stern sinks into the freezing water with the remaining passengers. Jack helps Rose onto<!-- DO NOT CHANGE --> floating debris and makes her promise to survive and live a full life. Jack dies from [[hypothermia]], but Rose is saved by a returning lifeboat and rescued by the {{RMS|Carpathia}}. Rose hides from Cal and her mother and gives her name as Rose Dawson on her arrival in New York City. In the present, Rose reveals that Cal committed suicide after losing his fortune in the [[1929 stock market crash]]. She tells the ''Keldysh'' crew that Jack saved her in every possible way, and laments that her memories are all that she has left of him. Touched by her account, Lovett abandons his search for the necklace. Alone at night on the stern of the ''Keldysh'', Rose, who has kept the necklace in her possession, drops it into the sea above the wreck. Later, as she lies in her bed, photographs on her dresser depict a life of freedom and adventure inspired by Jack.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> Aboard the pristine ''Titanic'', a young Rose reunites with Jack at the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]], applauded by the passengers and crew who died in the sinking. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} '''ٽائيٽئنڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] sjiai8jh78uaybvxa9jxbuth55rag9i 373333 373332 2026-04-25T05:29:06Z Ibne maryam 17680 373333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي رزميه تاريخي رومانوي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ (ريسرچ جهاز اڪيڊميڪ مسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش تي سوار) خزاني جو شڪار ڪندڙ بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (اميد آهي ته هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جو دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). ان جي بدران اهي هڪ محفوظ گهر حاصل ڪندا آهن جنهن ۾ هڪ نوجوان عورت جي هار پائڻ واري ڊرائنگ هوندي آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912 تي ٻڌل آهي (جنهن ڏينهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو). نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ 1,500 موت واقع ٿيا. دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ. صد ساله روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي. ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ عورت آهي. اميد آهي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي. لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش تي سوار ڪري ٿي. جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. * 1912 ۾. 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر (ڪال هاڪلي) ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ (روٿ) سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر روٿ زور ڏئي ٿي. ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز جهاز جي سختي مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي. پر جڪ ڊاوسن طرفان روڪيو ويو آهي. هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار. جڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا. ۽ جڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪري ٿي. روز کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ جڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. ڪيل ۽ روٿ جي ناپسنديده هجڻ جي باوجود. * روز جڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي. ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾. اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر (لوجوائي) کان بچي وڃن ٿا ۽ ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي. اهي جهاز جي برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا. ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ٻڌن ٿا. جڏهن ڪيل جڪ کي روز جو اسڪيچ معلوم ٿئي ٿو. هو لوجوائي کي جڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو. هن کي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو. ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. * جيئن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جڪ کي بچائي ٿو ۽ اهي ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو. دعويٰ ڪري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ (هارون جنهن ۾) هن جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو. جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي ٿو. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿو. جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه آهي. ڪاوڙ ۾. ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻوڏ واري ٻيڙي ذريعي انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو. پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. ==پلاٽ== <!-- Please do not add significant detail to this section; there is a 700-word standard specified in WP:FILMPLOT. This hidden note, the refn note and two references are not a part of the word count.--> In 1996, aboard the research vessel ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]'', treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team explore the [[Wreck of the Titanic|wreck of RMS ''Titanic'']], hoping to find a necklace known as the Heart of the Ocean. Instead, they recover a safe containing a drawing of a young woman wearing the necklace. The sketch is dated April 14, 1912, the day the ''Titanic'' [[Iceberg that struck the Titanic|struck an iceberg]] and [[Sinking of the Titanic|sank]], resulting in about 1,500 deaths.{{refn|Although the ''Titanic'' hit the iceberg on April 14, it did not sink until the early hours of April 15.|group=Note}} After seeing a television report about the discovery, [[centenarian]] Rose Dawson Calvert contacts Lovett, revealing she is the woman in the drawing. Hoping she can help locate the necklace, Lovett brings Rose and her granddaughter aboard the ''Keldysh'', where Rose recounts her experience on ''Titanic.'' In 1912, 17-year-old Rose DeWitt Bukater boards the ''Titanic'' in [[Southampton]] with her wealthy fiancé, Cal Hockley, and her mother, Ruth. Rose is unhappy in the loveless engagement, but Ruth stresses that the marriage will resolve their financial problems. Rose contemplates suicide by jumping from the ship's stern, but is stopped by Jack Dawson, a poor nomadic artist. Jack and Rose form a friendship, and Jack confesses his feelings for her. Though initially resistant, Rose realizes she has fallen in love with Jack, despite Cal's and Ruth's disapproval. Rose brings Jack to her stateroom and asks him to draw her nude wearing only the necklace. Afterward, they evade Cal's valet, Spicer Lovejoy, and have sex in a car in the cargo hold. On the forward deck, they witness the ship's collision with an iceberg and overhear officers discussing the severity of the situation. When Cal discovers Jack's sketch of Rose, he has Lovejoy plant the necklace on Jack, framing him for theft. Jack is arrested and locked in the [[master-at-arms]]' office, and Cal pockets the necklace. As ''Titanic'' sinks, women and children are prioritized for the lifeboats. Rose rescues Jack and they return to the deck, where Cal urges Rose to board a lifeboat, claiming he and Jack will board another. Cal unwittingly wraps his coat, containing the necklace, around her. As her lifeboat is lowered, Rose jumps back onto the ship, unwilling to leave Jack behind. Enraged, Cal grabs a pistol and chases them through the flooding ship, but gives up when they escape. Cal joins a lifeboat by pretending to be a child's father. As the flooded bow sinks, the stern rises into the air and Jack and Rose cling to the railing. The ship splits in two, and the stern sinks into the freezing water with the remaining passengers. Jack helps Rose onto<!-- DO NOT CHANGE --> floating debris and makes her promise to survive and live a full life. Jack dies from [[hypothermia]], but Rose is saved by a returning lifeboat and rescued by the {{RMS|Carpathia}}. Rose hides from Cal and her mother and gives her name as Rose Dawson on her arrival in New York City. In the present, Rose reveals that Cal committed suicide after losing his fortune in the [[1929 stock market crash]]. She tells the ''Keldysh'' crew that Jack saved her in every possible way, and laments that her memories are all that she has left of him. Touched by her account, Lovett abandons his search for the necklace. Alone at night on the stern of the ''Keldysh'', Rose, who has kept the necklace in her possession, drops it into the sea above the wreck. Later, as she lies in her bed, photographs on her dresser depict a life of freedom and adventure inspired by Jack.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> Aboard the pristine ''Titanic'', a young Rose reunites with Jack at the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]], applauded by the passengers and crew who died in the sinking. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} '''ٽائيٽئنڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] ay61xzxwu51rdefalbagbvb6th5krs2 373334 373333 2026-04-25T05:30:08Z Ibne maryam 17680 373334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي رزميه تاريخي رومانوي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ (ريسرچ جهاز اڪيڊميڪ مسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش تي سوار) خزاني جو شڪار ڪندڙ بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (اميد آهي ته هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جو دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). ان جي بدران اهي هڪ محفوظ گهر حاصل ڪندا آهن جنهن ۾ هڪ نوجوان عورت جي هار پائڻ واري ڊرائنگ هوندي آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912 تي ٻڌل آهي (جنهن ڏينهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو). نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ 1,500 موت واقع ٿيا. دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ. صد ساله روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي. ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ عورت آهي. اميد آهي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي. لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش تي سوار ڪري ٿي. جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. * 1912 ۾. 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر (ڪال هاڪلي) ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ (روٿ) سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر روٿ زور ڏئي ٿي. ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز جهاز جي سختي مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي. پر جڪ ڊاوسن طرفان روڪيو ويو آهي. هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار. جڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا. ۽ جڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪري ٿي. روز کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ جڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. ڪيل ۽ روٿ جي ناپسنديده هجڻ جي باوجود. * روز جڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي. ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾. اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر (لوجوائي) کان بچي وڃن ٿا ۽ ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي. اهي جهاز جي برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا. ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ٻڌن ٿا. جڏهن ڪيل جڪ کي روز جو اسڪيچ معلوم ٿئي ٿو. هو لوجوائي کي جڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو. هن کي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو. ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. * جيئن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جڪ کي بچائي ٿو ۽ اهي ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو. دعويٰ ڪري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ (هارون جنهن ۾) هن جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو. جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي ٿو. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿو. جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه آهي. ڪاوڙ ۾. ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻوڏ واري ٻيڙي ذريعي انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو. پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. ==پلاٽ== <!-- Please do not add significant detail to this section; there is a 700-word standard specified in WP:FILMPLOT. This hidden note, the refn note and two references are not a part of the word count.--> In 1996, aboard the research vessel ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]'', treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team explore the [[Wreck of the Titanic|wreck of RMS ''Titanic'']], hoping to find a necklace known as the Heart of the Ocean. Instead, they recover a safe containing a drawing of a young woman wearing the necklace. The sketch is dated April 14, 1912, the day the ''Titanic'' [[Iceberg that struck the Titanic|struck an iceberg]] and [[Sinking of the Titanic|sank]], resulting in about 1,500 deaths.{{refn|Although the ''Titanic'' hit the iceberg on April 14, it did not sink until the early hours of April 15.|group=Note}} After seeing a television report about the discovery, [[centenarian]] Rose Dawson Calvert contacts Lovett, revealing she is the woman in the drawing. Hoping she can help locate the necklace, Lovett brings Rose and her granddaughter aboard the ''Keldysh'', where Rose recounts her experience on ''Titanic.'' In 1912, 17-year-old Rose DeWitt Bukater boards the ''Titanic'' in [[Southampton]] with her wealthy fiancé, Cal Hockley, and her mother, Ruth. Rose is unhappy in the loveless engagement, but Ruth stresses that the marriage will resolve their financial problems. Rose contemplates suicide by jumping from the ship's stern, but is stopped by Jack Dawson, a poor nomadic artist. Jack and Rose form a friendship, and Jack confesses his feelings for her. Though initially resistant, Rose realizes she has fallen in love with Jack, despite Cal's and Ruth's disapproval. Rose brings Jack to her stateroom and asks him to draw her nude wearing only the necklace. Afterward, they evade Cal's valet, Spicer Lovejoy, and have sex in a car in the cargo hold. On the forward deck, they witness the ship's collision with an iceberg and overhear officers discussing the severity of the situation. When Cal discovers Jack's sketch of Rose, he has Lovejoy plant the necklace on Jack, framing him for theft. Jack is arrested and locked in the [[master-at-arms]]' office, and Cal pockets the necklace. As ''Titanic'' sinks, women and children are prioritized for the lifeboats. Rose rescues Jack and they return to the deck, where Cal urges Rose to board a lifeboat, claiming he and Jack will board another. Cal unwittingly wraps his coat, containing the necklace, around her. As her lifeboat is lowered, Rose jumps back onto the ship, unwilling to leave Jack behind. Enraged, Cal grabs a pistol and chases them through the flooding ship, but gives up when they escape. Cal joins a lifeboat by pretending to be a child's father. As the flooded bow sinks, the stern rises into the air and Jack and Rose cling to the railing. The ship splits in two, and the stern sinks into the freezing water with the remaining passengers. Jack helps Rose onto<!-- DO NOT CHANGE --> floating debris and makes her promise to survive and live a full life. Jack dies from [[hypothermia]], but Rose is saved by a returning lifeboat and rescued by the {{RMS|Carpathia}}. Rose hides from Cal and her mother and gives her name as Rose Dawson on her arrival in New York City. In the present, Rose reveals that Cal committed suicide after losing his fortune in the [[1929 stock market crash]]. She tells the ''Keldysh'' crew that Jack saved her in every possible way, and laments that her memories are all that she has left of him. Touched by her account, Lovett abandons his search for the necklace. Alone at night on the stern of the ''Keldysh'', Rose, who has kept the necklace in her possession, drops it into the sea above the wreck. Later, as she lies in her bed, photographs on her dresser depict a life of freedom and adventure inspired by Jack.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> Aboard the pristine ''Titanic'', a young Rose reunites with Jack at the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]], applauded by the passengers and crew who died in the sinking. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} '''ٽائيٽئنڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] 1nkzvom2e1odb1nmjcgk71x60z4ok72 373335 373334 2026-04-25T05:31:40Z Ibne maryam 17680 373335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ رزميه،تاريخي ۽ رومانوي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ (ريسرچ جهاز اڪيڊميڪ مسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش تي سوار) خزاني جو شڪار ڪندڙ بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (اميد آهي ته هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جو دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). ان جي بدران اهي هڪ محفوظ گهر حاصل ڪندا آهن جنهن ۾ هڪ نوجوان عورت جي هار پائڻ واري ڊرائنگ هوندي آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912 تي ٻڌل آهي (جنهن ڏينهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو). نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ 1,500 موت واقع ٿيا. دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ. صد ساله روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي. ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ عورت آهي. اميد آهي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي. لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش تي سوار ڪري ٿي. جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. * 1912 ۾. 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر (ڪال هاڪلي) ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ (روٿ) سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر روٿ زور ڏئي ٿي. ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز جهاز جي سختي مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي. پر جڪ ڊاوسن طرفان روڪيو ويو آهي. هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار. جڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا. ۽ جڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪري ٿي. روز کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ جڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. ڪيل ۽ روٿ جي ناپسنديده هجڻ جي باوجود. * روز جڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي. ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾. اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر (لوجوائي) کان بچي وڃن ٿا ۽ ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي. اهي جهاز جي برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا. ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ٻڌن ٿا. جڏهن ڪيل جڪ کي روز جو اسڪيچ معلوم ٿئي ٿو. هو لوجوائي کي جڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو. هن کي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو. ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. * جيئن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جڪ کي بچائي ٿو ۽ اهي ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو. دعويٰ ڪري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ (هارون جنهن ۾) هن جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو. جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي ٿو. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿو. جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه آهي. ڪاوڙ ۾. ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻوڏ واري ٻيڙي ذريعي انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو. پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. ==پلاٽ== <!-- Please do not add significant detail to this section; there is a 700-word standard specified in WP:FILMPLOT. This hidden note, the refn note and two references are not a part of the word count.--> In 1996, aboard the research vessel ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]'', treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team explore the [[Wreck of the Titanic|wreck of RMS ''Titanic'']], hoping to find a necklace known as the Heart of the Ocean. Instead, they recover a safe containing a drawing of a young woman wearing the necklace. The sketch is dated April 14, 1912, the day the ''Titanic'' [[Iceberg that struck the Titanic|struck an iceberg]] and [[Sinking of the Titanic|sank]], resulting in about 1,500 deaths.{{refn|Although the ''Titanic'' hit the iceberg on April 14, it did not sink until the early hours of April 15.|group=Note}} After seeing a television report about the discovery, [[centenarian]] Rose Dawson Calvert contacts Lovett, revealing she is the woman in the drawing. Hoping she can help locate the necklace, Lovett brings Rose and her granddaughter aboard the ''Keldysh'', where Rose recounts her experience on ''Titanic.'' In 1912, 17-year-old Rose DeWitt Bukater boards the ''Titanic'' in [[Southampton]] with her wealthy fiancé, Cal Hockley, and her mother, Ruth. Rose is unhappy in the loveless engagement, but Ruth stresses that the marriage will resolve their financial problems. Rose contemplates suicide by jumping from the ship's stern, but is stopped by Jack Dawson, a poor nomadic artist. Jack and Rose form a friendship, and Jack confesses his feelings for her. Though initially resistant, Rose realizes she has fallen in love with Jack, despite Cal's and Ruth's disapproval. Rose brings Jack to her stateroom and asks him to draw her nude wearing only the necklace. Afterward, they evade Cal's valet, Spicer Lovejoy, and have sex in a car in the cargo hold. On the forward deck, they witness the ship's collision with an iceberg and overhear officers discussing the severity of the situation. When Cal discovers Jack's sketch of Rose, he has Lovejoy plant the necklace on Jack, framing him for theft. Jack is arrested and locked in the [[master-at-arms]]' office, and Cal pockets the necklace. As ''Titanic'' sinks, women and children are prioritized for the lifeboats. Rose rescues Jack and they return to the deck, where Cal urges Rose to board a lifeboat, claiming he and Jack will board another. Cal unwittingly wraps his coat, containing the necklace, around her. As her lifeboat is lowered, Rose jumps back onto the ship, unwilling to leave Jack behind. Enraged, Cal grabs a pistol and chases them through the flooding ship, but gives up when they escape. Cal joins a lifeboat by pretending to be a child's father. As the flooded bow sinks, the stern rises into the air and Jack and Rose cling to the railing. The ship splits in two, and the stern sinks into the freezing water with the remaining passengers. Jack helps Rose onto<!-- DO NOT CHANGE --> floating debris and makes her promise to survive and live a full life. Jack dies from [[hypothermia]], but Rose is saved by a returning lifeboat and rescued by the {{RMS|Carpathia}}. Rose hides from Cal and her mother and gives her name as Rose Dawson on her arrival in New York City. In the present, Rose reveals that Cal committed suicide after losing his fortune in the [[1929 stock market crash]]. She tells the ''Keldysh'' crew that Jack saved her in every possible way, and laments that her memories are all that she has left of him. Touched by her account, Lovett abandons his search for the necklace. Alone at night on the stern of the ''Keldysh'', Rose, who has kept the necklace in her possession, drops it into the sea above the wreck. Later, as she lies in her bed, photographs on her dresser depict a life of freedom and adventure inspired by Jack.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> Aboard the pristine ''Titanic'', a young Rose reunites with Jack at the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]], applauded by the passengers and crew who died in the sinking. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} '''ٽائيٽئنڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] 6bc5i1bqpn65ue1mnb07tifqbgcqkna 373336 373335 2026-04-25T05:32:37Z Ibne maryam 17680 373336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ رزميه،تاريخي،رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ (ريسرچ جهاز اڪيڊميڪ مسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش تي سوار) خزاني جو شڪار ڪندڙ بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (اميد آهي ته هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جو دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). ان جي بدران اهي هڪ محفوظ گهر حاصل ڪندا آهن جنهن ۾ هڪ نوجوان عورت جي هار پائڻ واري ڊرائنگ هوندي آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912 تي ٻڌل آهي (جنهن ڏينهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو). نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ 1,500 موت واقع ٿيا. دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ. صد ساله روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي. ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ عورت آهي. اميد آهي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي. لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش تي سوار ڪري ٿي. جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. * 1912 ۾. 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر (ڪال هاڪلي) ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ (روٿ) سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر روٿ زور ڏئي ٿي. ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز جهاز جي سختي مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي. پر جڪ ڊاوسن طرفان روڪيو ويو آهي. هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار. جڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا. ۽ جڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪري ٿي. روز کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ جڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. ڪيل ۽ روٿ جي ناپسنديده هجڻ جي باوجود. * روز جڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي. ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾. اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر (لوجوائي) کان بچي وڃن ٿا ۽ ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي. اهي جهاز جي برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا. ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ٻڌن ٿا. جڏهن ڪيل جڪ کي روز جو اسڪيچ معلوم ٿئي ٿو. هو لوجوائي کي جڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو. هن کي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو. ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. * جيئن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جڪ کي بچائي ٿو ۽ اهي ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو. دعويٰ ڪري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ (هارون جنهن ۾) هن جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو. جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي ٿو. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿو. جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه آهي. ڪاوڙ ۾. ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻوڏ واري ٻيڙي ذريعي انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو. پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. ==پلاٽ== <!-- Please do not add significant detail to this section; there is a 700-word standard specified in WP:FILMPLOT. This hidden note, the refn note and two references are not a part of the word count.--> In 1996, aboard the research vessel ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]'', treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team explore the [[Wreck of the Titanic|wreck of RMS ''Titanic'']], hoping to find a necklace known as the Heart of the Ocean. Instead, they recover a safe containing a drawing of a young woman wearing the necklace. The sketch is dated April 14, 1912, the day the ''Titanic'' [[Iceberg that struck the Titanic|struck an iceberg]] and [[Sinking of the Titanic|sank]], resulting in about 1,500 deaths.{{refn|Although the ''Titanic'' hit the iceberg on April 14, it did not sink until the early hours of April 15.|group=Note}} After seeing a television report about the discovery, [[centenarian]] Rose Dawson Calvert contacts Lovett, revealing she is the woman in the drawing. Hoping she can help locate the necklace, Lovett brings Rose and her granddaughter aboard the ''Keldysh'', where Rose recounts her experience on ''Titanic.'' In 1912, 17-year-old Rose DeWitt Bukater boards the ''Titanic'' in [[Southampton]] with her wealthy fiancé, Cal Hockley, and her mother, Ruth. Rose is unhappy in the loveless engagement, but Ruth stresses that the marriage will resolve their financial problems. Rose contemplates suicide by jumping from the ship's stern, but is stopped by Jack Dawson, a poor nomadic artist. Jack and Rose form a friendship, and Jack confesses his feelings for her. Though initially resistant, Rose realizes she has fallen in love with Jack, despite Cal's and Ruth's disapproval. Rose brings Jack to her stateroom and asks him to draw her nude wearing only the necklace. Afterward, they evade Cal's valet, Spicer Lovejoy, and have sex in a car in the cargo hold. On the forward deck, they witness the ship's collision with an iceberg and overhear officers discussing the severity of the situation. When Cal discovers Jack's sketch of Rose, he has Lovejoy plant the necklace on Jack, framing him for theft. Jack is arrested and locked in the [[master-at-arms]]' office, and Cal pockets the necklace. As ''Titanic'' sinks, women and children are prioritized for the lifeboats. Rose rescues Jack and they return to the deck, where Cal urges Rose to board a lifeboat, claiming he and Jack will board another. Cal unwittingly wraps his coat, containing the necklace, around her. As her lifeboat is lowered, Rose jumps back onto the ship, unwilling to leave Jack behind. Enraged, Cal grabs a pistol and chases them through the flooding ship, but gives up when they escape. Cal joins a lifeboat by pretending to be a child's father. As the flooded bow sinks, the stern rises into the air and Jack and Rose cling to the railing. The ship splits in two, and the stern sinks into the freezing water with the remaining passengers. Jack helps Rose onto<!-- DO NOT CHANGE --> floating debris and makes her promise to survive and live a full life. Jack dies from [[hypothermia]], but Rose is saved by a returning lifeboat and rescued by the {{RMS|Carpathia}}. Rose hides from Cal and her mother and gives her name as Rose Dawson on her arrival in New York City. In the present, Rose reveals that Cal committed suicide after losing his fortune in the [[1929 stock market crash]]. She tells the ''Keldysh'' crew that Jack saved her in every possible way, and laments that her memories are all that she has left of him. Touched by her account, Lovett abandons his search for the necklace. Alone at night on the stern of the ''Keldysh'', Rose, who has kept the necklace in her possession, drops it into the sea above the wreck. Later, as she lies in her bed, photographs on her dresser depict a life of freedom and adventure inspired by Jack.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> Aboard the pristine ''Titanic'', a young Rose reunites with Jack at the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]], applauded by the passengers and crew who died in the sinking. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} '''ٽائيٽئنڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] a72vibfictzwc8heqcwqifqt2b6p2au 373337 373336 2026-04-25T05:34:05Z Ibne maryam 17680 373337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ رزميه،تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ (ريسرچ جهاز اڪيڊميڪ مسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش تي سوار) خزاني جو شڪار ڪندڙ بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (اميد آهي ته هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جو دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). ان جي بدران اهي هڪ محفوظ گهر حاصل ڪندا آهن جنهن ۾ هڪ نوجوان عورت جي هار پائڻ واري ڊرائنگ هوندي آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912 تي ٻڌل آهي (جنهن ڏينهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو). نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ 1,500 موت واقع ٿيا. دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ. صد ساله روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي. ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ عورت آهي. اميد آهي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي. لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش تي سوار ڪري ٿي. جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. * 1912 ۾. 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر (ڪال هاڪلي) ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ (روٿ) سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر روٿ زور ڏئي ٿي. ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز جهاز جي سختي مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي. پر جڪ ڊاوسن طرفان روڪيو ويو آهي. هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار. جڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا. ۽ جڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪري ٿي. روز کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ جڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. ڪيل ۽ روٿ جي ناپسنديده هجڻ جي باوجود. * روز جڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي. ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾. اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر (لوجوائي) کان بچي وڃن ٿا ۽ ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي. اهي جهاز جي برفاني ٽڪر سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا. ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ٻڌن ٿا. جڏهن ڪيل جڪ کي روز جو اسڪيچ معلوم ٿئي ٿو. هو لوجوائي کي جڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو. هن کي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو. ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. * جيئن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جڪ کي بچائي ٿو ۽ اهي ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو. دعويٰ ڪري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ (هارون جنهن ۾) هن جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو. جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي ٿو. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿو. جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه آهي. ڪاوڙ ۾. ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻوڏ واري ٻيڙي ذريعي انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو. پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. ==پلاٽ== <!-- Please do not add significant detail to this section; there is a 700-word standard specified in WP:FILMPLOT. This hidden note, the refn note and two references are not a part of the word count.--> In 1996, aboard the research vessel ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]'', treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team explore the [[Wreck of the Titanic|wreck of RMS ''Titanic'']], hoping to find a necklace known as the Heart of the Ocean. Instead, they recover a safe containing a drawing of a young woman wearing the necklace. The sketch is dated April 14, 1912, the day the ''Titanic'' [[Iceberg that struck the Titanic|struck an iceberg]] and [[Sinking of the Titanic|sank]], resulting in about 1,500 deaths.{{refn|Although the ''Titanic'' hit the iceberg on April 14, it did not sink until the early hours of April 15.|group=Note}} After seeing a television report about the discovery, [[centenarian]] Rose Dawson Calvert contacts Lovett, revealing she is the woman in the drawing. Hoping she can help locate the necklace, Lovett brings Rose and her granddaughter aboard the ''Keldysh'', where Rose recounts her experience on ''Titanic.'' In 1912, 17-year-old Rose DeWitt Bukater boards the ''Titanic'' in [[Southampton]] with her wealthy fiancé, Cal Hockley, and her mother, Ruth. Rose is unhappy in the loveless engagement, but Ruth stresses that the marriage will resolve their financial problems. Rose contemplates suicide by jumping from the ship's stern, but is stopped by Jack Dawson, a poor nomadic artist. Jack and Rose form a friendship, and Jack confesses his feelings for her. Though initially resistant, Rose realizes she has fallen in love with Jack, despite Cal's and Ruth's disapproval. Rose brings Jack to her stateroom and asks him to draw her nude wearing only the necklace. Afterward, they evade Cal's valet, Spicer Lovejoy, and have sex in a car in the cargo hold. On the forward deck, they witness the ship's collision with an iceberg and overhear officers discussing the severity of the situation. When Cal discovers Jack's sketch of Rose, he has Lovejoy plant the necklace on Jack, framing him for theft. Jack is arrested and locked in the [[master-at-arms]]' office, and Cal pockets the necklace. As ''Titanic'' sinks, women and children are prioritized for the lifeboats. Rose rescues Jack and they return to the deck, where Cal urges Rose to board a lifeboat, claiming he and Jack will board another. Cal unwittingly wraps his coat, containing the necklace, around her. As her lifeboat is lowered, Rose jumps back onto the ship, unwilling to leave Jack behind. Enraged, Cal grabs a pistol and chases them through the flooding ship, but gives up when they escape. Cal joins a lifeboat by pretending to be a child's father. As the flooded bow sinks, the stern rises into the air and Jack and Rose cling to the railing. The ship splits in two, and the stern sinks into the freezing water with the remaining passengers. Jack helps Rose onto<!-- DO NOT CHANGE --> floating debris and makes her promise to survive and live a full life. Jack dies from [[hypothermia]], but Rose is saved by a returning lifeboat and rescued by the {{RMS|Carpathia}}. Rose hides from Cal and her mother and gives her name as Rose Dawson on her arrival in New York City. In the present, Rose reveals that Cal committed suicide after losing his fortune in the [[1929 stock market crash]]. She tells the ''Keldysh'' crew that Jack saved her in every possible way, and laments that her memories are all that she has left of him. Touched by her account, Lovett abandons his search for the necklace. Alone at night on the stern of the ''Keldysh'', Rose, who has kept the necklace in her possession, drops it into the sea above the wreck. Later, as she lies in her bed, photographs on her dresser depict a life of freedom and adventure inspired by Jack.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> Aboard the pristine ''Titanic'', a young Rose reunites with Jack at the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]], applauded by the passengers and crew who died in the sinking. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} '''ٽائيٽئنڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] 2y56ga2f3iyv805jmqbmrmqby2yc633 373338 373337 2026-04-25T06:05:11Z Ibne maryam 17680 373338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ رزميه،تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ تحقيقي ٻيڙي، "اڪيڊمڪ اسٽسلاو ڪيلديش" تي سوار، خزاني جي کوج ڪندڙ، بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (هن اميد تي ته هنن هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جي دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). هنن ان جي بدران اهي هڪ تجوري (<small>safe</small>) تائين پهچندا آهن جن ۾ هڪ نوجوان ناري جو هار پائڻ وارو خاڪو هوندو آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912ع تي ٻڌل آهي (ڏينهن، جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو ۽ نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ <small>1,500</small> موت واقع ٿيا) دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ، سئو ورهين جي عورت، "روز ڊاوسن" (ڪئٽ ونسليٽ) ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي ۽ ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ موجود عورت جو اصل آهي. هن اميد تي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي، لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش ٻيڙي تي سوار ڪري ٿو، جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. سال 1912ع ۾، 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر، ڪال هڪلي ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ، روٿ سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر هن جي ماء، روٿ شادي ڪرڻ تي زور ڏئي ٿي ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز ٻيڙي جي ڊيڪ مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي، پر جيڪ ڊاوسن (ڊي ڪيپريو)، هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار، طرفان هن کي اهڙو ڪرڻ سان روڪيو ويو. جيڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا ۽ جيڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ روز شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪندي آهي پر هن کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ پڻ جئڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. روز جئڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾، اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر لوجوائي کان بچي، ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي، هنن ٻيڙي جي هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ڏسڻ ٿا. جڏهن روز جي منگيتر، ڪيل کي روز جي اسڪيچ بابت معلوم ٿئي ٿو، هو لوجوائي کي جئڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو ۽ جئڪ تي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جئڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. جيئن ٽائٽنڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس تي سواري لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جئڪ کي قيد سان بچائي ٿي ۽ هنن ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو ۽ يقين ڏياري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي ٻيڙي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ، جن ۾ هار هوندو آهي، روز جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو ته جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿي، جئين ته هن جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه هئي. ڪاوڙ ۾، ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻڏندڙ ٻيڙي م انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو، پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. ==پلاٽ== <!-- Please do not add significant detail to this section; there is a 700-word standard specified in WP:FILMPLOT. This hidden note, the refn note and two references are not a part of the word count.--> In 1996, aboard the research vessel ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]'', treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team explore the [[Wreck of the Titanic|wreck of RMS ''Titanic'']], hoping to find a necklace known as the Heart of the Ocean. Instead, they recover a safe containing a drawing of a young woman wearing the necklace. The sketch is dated April 14, 1912, the day the ''Titanic'' [[Iceberg that struck the Titanic|struck an iceberg]] and [[Sinking of the Titanic|sank]], resulting in about 1,500 deaths.{{refn|Although the ''Titanic'' hit the iceberg on April 14, it did not sink until the early hours of April 15.|group=Note}} After seeing a television report about the discovery, [[centenarian]] Rose Dawson Calvert contacts Lovett, revealing she is the woman in the drawing. Hoping she can help locate the necklace, Lovett brings Rose and her granddaughter aboard the ''Keldysh'', where Rose recounts her experience on ''Titanic.'' In 1912, 17-year-old Rose DeWitt Bukater boards the ''Titanic'' in [[Southampton]] with her wealthy fiancé, Cal Hockley, and her mother, Ruth. Rose is unhappy in the loveless engagement, but Ruth stresses that the marriage will resolve their financial problems. Rose contemplates suicide by jumping from the ship's stern, but is stopped by Jack Dawson, a poor nomadic artist. Jack and Rose form a friendship, and Jack confesses his feelings for her. Though initially resistant, Rose realizes she has fallen in love with Jack, despite Cal's and Ruth's disapproval. Rose brings Jack to her stateroom and asks him to draw her nude wearing only the necklace. Afterward, they evade Cal's valet, Spicer Lovejoy, and have sex in a car in the cargo hold. On the forward deck, they witness the ship's collision with an iceberg and overhear officers discussing the severity of the situation. When Cal discovers Jack's sketch of Rose, he has Lovejoy plant the necklace on Jack, framing him for theft. Jack is arrested and locked in the [[master-at-arms]]' office, and Cal pockets the necklace. As ''Titanic'' sinks, women and children are prioritized for the lifeboats. Rose rescues Jack and they return to the deck, where Cal urges Rose to board a lifeboat, claiming he and Jack will board another. Cal unwittingly wraps his coat, containing the necklace, around her. As her lifeboat is lowered, Rose jumps back onto the ship, unwilling to leave Jack behind. Enraged, Cal grabs a pistol and chases them through the flooding ship, but gives up when they escape. Cal joins a lifeboat by pretending to be a child's father. As the flooded bow sinks, the stern rises into the air and Jack and Rose cling to the railing. The ship splits in two, and the stern sinks into the freezing water with the remaining passengers. Jack helps Rose onto<!-- DO NOT CHANGE --> floating debris and makes her promise to survive and live a full life. Jack dies from [[hypothermia]], but Rose is saved by a returning lifeboat and rescued by the {{RMS|Carpathia}}. Rose hides from Cal and her mother and gives her name as Rose Dawson on her arrival in New York City. In the present, Rose reveals that Cal committed suicide after losing his fortune in the [[1929 stock market crash]]. She tells the ''Keldysh'' crew that Jack saved her in every possible way, and laments that her memories are all that she has left of him. Touched by her account, Lovett abandons his search for the necklace. Alone at night on the stern of the ''Keldysh'', Rose, who has kept the necklace in her possession, drops it into the sea above the wreck. Later, as she lies in her bed, photographs on her dresser depict a life of freedom and adventure inspired by Jack.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> Aboard the pristine ''Titanic'', a young Rose reunites with Jack at the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]], applauded by the passengers and crew who died in the sinking. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} '''ٽائيٽئنڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] q92p8r9ts67qchc0a5yj7l5cg9pngue 373339 373338 2026-04-25T06:27:19Z Ibne maryam 17680 373339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ رزميه،تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ تحقيقي ٻيڙي، "اڪيڊمڪ اسٽسلاو ڪيلديش" تي سوار، خزاني جي کوج ڪندڙ، بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (هن اميد تي ته هنن هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جي دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). هنن ان جي بدران اهي هڪ تجوري (<small>safe</small>) تائين پهچندا آهن جن ۾ هڪ نوجوان ناري جو هار پائڻ وارو خاڪو هوندو آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912ع تي ٻڌل آهي (ڏينهن، جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو ۽ نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ <small>1,500</small> موت واقع ٿيا) دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ، سئو ورهين جي عورت، "روز ڊاوسن" (ڪئٽ ونسليٽ) ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي ۽ ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ موجود عورت جو اصل آهي. هن اميد تي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي، لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش ٻيڙي تي سوار ڪري ٿو، جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. سال 1912ع ۾، 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر، ڪال هڪلي ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ، روٿ سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر هن جي ماء، روٿ شادي ڪرڻ تي زور ڏئي ٿي ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز ٻيڙي جي ڊيڪ مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي، پر جيڪ ڊاوسن (ڊي ڪيپريو)، هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار، طرفان هن کي اهڙو ڪرڻ سان روڪيو ويو. جيڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا ۽ جيڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ روز شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪندي آهي پر هن کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ پڻ جئڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. روز جئڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾، اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر لوجوائي کان بچي، ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي، هنن ٻيڙي جي هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ڏسڻ ٿا. جڏهن روز جي منگيتر، ڪيل کي روز جي اسڪيچ بابت معلوم ٿئي ٿو، هو لوجوائي کي جئڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو ۽ جئڪ تي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جئڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. جيئن ٽائٽنڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس تي سواري لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جئڪ کي قيد سان بچائي ٿي ۽ هنن ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو ۽ يقين ڏياري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي ٻيڙي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ، جن ۾ هار هوندو آهي، روز جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو ته جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿي، جئين ته هن جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه هئي. ڪاوڙ ۾، ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻڏندڙ ٻيڙي م انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو، پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. جيئن ٻوڏ جو شڪار ٿيل ڪمان ٻڏي ٿو، ان جو سور هوا ۾ اڀري ٿو ۽ جئڪ ۽ روز ريلنگ سان چنبڙي پون ٿا. ٻيڙي ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي وڃي ٿي ۽ سور برفاني پاڻي ۾ ٻڏي وڃي ٿو. باقي مسافرن سان گڏ، جئڪ روز کي ٻيڙي جي ترندڙ ملبي تي مدد ڪري ٿو ۽ ان کي جيئڻ ۽ مڪمل زندگي گذارڻ جو واعدو ڪري ٿو. جئڪ سردي لڳڻ (هائپوٿرميا) کان مرجي ويندو آهي، پر روز کي واپس ايندڙ لائف بوٽ تي سوار ڪرائي ٿو، جيڪي آر ايم ايس هيريوٽ پاران بچائي ويندي آهي. روز ڪيل ۽ سندس ماءُ کان لڪندي آهي ۽ نيويارڪ شهر ۾ پهچڻ تي پنهنجو نالو روز ڊاسن ديکاري ٿي. روز ڳالهه ٻول دوران ٻڌائي ٿي ته هن جو منگيتر ڪيل 1929ع جي اسٽاڪ مارڪيٽ حادثي ۾ پنهنجي قسمت وڃائڻ کان پوءِ خودڪشي ڪيو هو. هوءَ ڪيلڊيش ٻيڙي جي عملدارن کي ٻڌائي ٿي ته جئڪ هن کي هر ممڪن طريقي سان بچايو ۽ افسوس ڪري ٿي ته هن جون يادون ئي سڀ ڪجهه آهن، جيڪيون هن وٽ بچيون آهن. هن جي ڪهاڻي کان متاثر ٿي. ليويٽ هار جي ڳولا ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو. رات جو ڪيلڊيش جي سور تي اڪيلي روز، جنهن هار کي پنهنجي قبضي ۾ رکيو آهي، هار کي ملبي جي مٿان سمنڊ ۾ اڇلائندي آهي. پوء جڏهن هوءَ پنهنجي بستري تي ليٽي ٿي، سندن تصويرون جئڪ کان متاثر ٿي آزادي ۽ ايڊونچر جي زندگي کي ظاهر ڪن ٿيون.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> ٻيڙي ٽائٽنڪ تي سوار ٿيل، هڪ نوجوان روز، گرينڊ اسٽيئرڪيس تي جئڪ سان ٻيهر ملي ٿي ۽ هن تي ٻڏڻ ۾ فوت ٿيل مسافرن ۽ عملدارن پاران تاڙيون وڄايو وڃڻ ٿيون. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} '''ٽائيٽئنڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] fyge7gt7iufix9d4yfwqveou038hlln 373340 373339 2026-04-25T06:31:06Z Ibne maryam 17680 373340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ رزميه،تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ تحقيقي ٻيڙي، "اڪيڊمڪ اسٽسلاو ڪيلديش" تي سوار، خزاني جي کوج ڪندڙ، بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (هن اميد تي ته هنن هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جي دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). هنن ان جي بدران اهي هڪ تجوري (<small>safe</small>) تائين پهچندا آهن جن ۾ هڪ نوجوان ناري جو هار پائڻ وارو خاڪو هوندو آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912ع تي ٻڌل آهي (ڏينهن، جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو ۽ نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ <small>1,500</small> موت واقع ٿيا) دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ، سئو ورهين جي عورت، "روز ڊاوسن" (ڪئٽ ونسليٽ) ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي ۽ ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ موجود عورت جو اصل آهي. هن اميد تي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي، لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش ٻيڙي تي سوار ڪري ٿو، جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. سال 1912ع ۾، 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر، ڪال هڪلي ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ، روٿ سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر هن جي ماء، روٿ شادي ڪرڻ تي زور ڏئي ٿي ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز ٻيڙي جي ڊيڪ مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي، پر جيڪ ڊاوسن (ڊي ڪيپريو)، هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار، طرفان هن کي اهڙو ڪرڻ سان روڪيو ويو. جيڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا ۽ جيڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ روز شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪندي آهي پر هن کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ پڻ جئڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. روز جئڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾، اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر لوجوائي کان بچي، ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي، هنن ٻيڙي جي هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ڏسڻ ٿا. جڏهن روز جي منگيتر، ڪيل کي روز جي اسڪيچ بابت معلوم ٿئي ٿو، هو لوجوائي کي جئڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو ۽ جئڪ تي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جئڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. جيئن ٽائٽنڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس تي سواري لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جئڪ کي قيد سان بچائي ٿي ۽ هنن ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو ۽ يقين ڏياري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي ٻيڙي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ، جن ۾ هار هوندو آهي، روز جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو ته جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿي، جئين ته هن جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه هئي. ڪاوڙ ۾، ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻڏندڙ ٻيڙي م انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو، پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. جيئن ٻوڏ جو شڪار ٿيل ڪمان ٻڏي ٿو، ان جو سور هوا ۾ اڀري ٿو ۽ جئڪ ۽ روز ريلنگ سان چنبڙي پون ٿا. ٻيڙي ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي وڃي ٿي ۽ سور برفاني پاڻي ۾ ٻڏي وڃي ٿو. باقي مسافرن سان گڏ، جئڪ روز کي ٻيڙي جي ترندڙ ملبي تي مدد ڪري ٿو ۽ ان کي جيئڻ ۽ مڪمل زندگي گذارڻ جو واعدو ڪري ٿو. جئڪ سردي لڳڻ (هائپوٿرميا) کان مرجي ويندو آهي، پر روز کي واپس ايندڙ لائف بوٽ تي سوار ڪرائي ٿو، جيڪي آر ايم ايس هيريوٽ پاران بچائي ويندي آهي. روز ڪيل ۽ سندس ماءُ کان لڪندي آهي ۽ نيويارڪ شهر ۾ پهچڻ تي پنهنجو نالو روز ڊاسن ديکاري ٿي. روز ڳالهه ٻول دوران ٻڌائي ٿي ته هن جو منگيتر ڪيل 1929ع جي اسٽاڪ مارڪيٽ حادثي ۾ پنهنجي قسمت وڃائڻ کان پوءِ خودڪشي ڪيو هو. هوءَ ڪيلڊيش ٻيڙي جي عملدارن کي ٻڌائي ٿي ته جئڪ هن کي هر ممڪن طريقي سان بچايو ۽ افسوس ڪري ٿي ته هن جون يادون ئي سڀ ڪجهه آهن، جيڪيون هن وٽ بچيون آهن. هن جي ڪهاڻي کان متاثر ٿي. ليويٽ هار جي ڳولا ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو. رات جو ڪيلڊيش جي سور تي اڪيلي روز، جنهن هار کي پنهنجي قبضي ۾ رکيو آهي، هار کي ملبي جي مٿان سمنڊ ۾ اڇلائندي آهي. پوء جڏهن هوءَ پنهنجي بستري تي ليٽي ٿي، سندن تصويرون جئڪ کان متاثر ٿي آزادي ۽ ايڊونچر جي زندگي کي ظاهر ڪن ٿيون.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> ٻيڙي ٽائٽنڪ تي سوار ٿيل، هڪ نوجوان روز، گرينڊ اسٽيئرڪيس تي جئڪ سان ٻيهر ملي ٿي ۽ هن تي ٻڏڻ ۾ فوت ٿيل مسافرن ۽ عملدارن پاران تاڙيون وڄايو وڃڻ ٿيون. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} === تبصرو === ٽائٽنڪ (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] e3e0gfid2owemx31z5n7cmosrslieyc 373341 373340 2026-04-25T06:50:39Z Ibne maryam 17680 373341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ رزميه،تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ تحقيقي ٻيڙي، "اڪيڊمڪ اسٽسلاو ڪيلديش" تي سوار، خزاني جي کوج ڪندڙ، بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (هن اميد تي ته هنن هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جي دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). هنن ان جي بدران اهي هڪ تجوري (<small>safe</small>) تائين پهچندا آهن جن ۾ هڪ نوجوان ناري جو هار پائڻ وارو خاڪو هوندو آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912ع تي ٻڌل آهي (ڏينهن، جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو ۽ نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ <small>1,500</small> موت واقع ٿيا) دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ، سئو ورهين جي عورت، "روز ڊاوسن" (ڪئٽ ونسليٽ) ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي ۽ ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ موجود عورت جو اصل آهي. هن اميد تي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي، لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش ٻيڙي تي سوار ڪري ٿو، جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. سال 1912ع ۾، 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر، ڪال هڪلي ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ، روٿ سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر هن جي ماء، روٿ شادي ڪرڻ تي زور ڏئي ٿي ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز ٻيڙي جي ڊيڪ مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي، پر جيڪ ڊاوسن (ڊي ڪيپريو)، هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار، طرفان هن کي اهڙو ڪرڻ سان روڪيو ويو. جيڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا ۽ جيڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ روز شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪندي آهي پر هن کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ پڻ جئڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. روز جئڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾، اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر لوجوائي کان بچي، ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي، هنن ٻيڙي جي هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ڏسڻ ٿا. جڏهن روز جي منگيتر، ڪيل کي روز جي اسڪيچ بابت معلوم ٿئي ٿو، هو لوجوائي کي جئڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو ۽ جئڪ تي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جئڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. جيئن ٽائٽنڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس تي سواري لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جئڪ کي قيد سان بچائي ٿي ۽ هنن ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو ۽ يقين ڏياري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي ٻيڙي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ، جن ۾ هار هوندو آهي، روز جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو ته جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿي، جئين ته هن جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه هئي. ڪاوڙ ۾، ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻڏندڙ ٻيڙي م انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو، پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. جيئن ٻوڏ جو شڪار ٿيل ڪمان ٻڏي ٿو، ان جو سور هوا ۾ اڀري ٿو ۽ جئڪ ۽ روز ريلنگ سان چنبڙي پون ٿا. ٻيڙي ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي وڃي ٿي ۽ سور برفاني پاڻي ۾ ٻڏي وڃي ٿو. باقي مسافرن سان گڏ، جئڪ روز کي ٻيڙي جي ترندڙ ملبي تي مدد ڪري ٿو ۽ ان کي جيئڻ ۽ مڪمل زندگي گذارڻ جو واعدو ڪري ٿو. جئڪ سردي لڳڻ (هائپوٿرميا) کان مرجي ويندو آهي، پر روز کي واپس ايندڙ لائف بوٽ تي سوار ڪرائي ٿو، جيڪي آر ايم ايس هيريوٽ پاران بچائي ويندي آهي. روز ڪيل ۽ سندس ماءُ کان لڪندي آهي ۽ نيويارڪ شهر ۾ پهچڻ تي پنهنجو نالو روز ڊاسن ديکاري ٿي. روز ڳالهه ٻول دوران ٻڌائي ٿي ته هن جو منگيتر ڪيل 1929ع جي اسٽاڪ مارڪيٽ حادثي ۾ پنهنجي قسمت وڃائڻ کان پوءِ خودڪشي ڪيو هو. هوءَ ڪيلڊيش ٻيڙي جي عملدارن کي ٻڌائي ٿي ته جئڪ هن کي هر ممڪن طريقي سان بچايو ۽ افسوس ڪري ٿي ته هن جون يادون ئي سڀ ڪجهه آهن، جيڪيون هن وٽ بچيون آهن. هن جي ڪهاڻي کان متاثر ٿي. ليويٽ هار جي ڳولا ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو. رات جو ڪيلڊيش جي سور تي اڪيلي روز، جنهن هار کي پنهنجي قبضي ۾ رکيو آهي، هار کي ملبي جي مٿان سمنڊ ۾ اڇلائندي آهي. پوء جڏهن هوءَ پنهنجي بستري تي ليٽي ٿي، سندن تصويرون جئڪ کان متاثر ٿي آزادي ۽ ايڊونچر جي زندگي کي ظاهر ڪن ٿيون.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> ٻيڙي ٽائٽنڪ تي سوار ٿيل، هڪ نوجوان روز، گرينڊ اسٽيئرڪيس تي جئڪ سان ٻيهر ملي ٿي ۽ هن تي ٻڏڻ ۾ فوت ٿيل مسافرن ۽ عملدارن پاران تاڙيون وڄايو وڃڻ ٿيون. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} === افسانوي ڪردار === <nowiki>*</nowiki> ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو جڪ ڊاوسن جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ سفر ڪندڙ، غريب يتيم، چپيوا فالز، وسڪونسن جو. جيڪو پيرس سميت دنيا جو سفر ڪري چڪو آهي. هو پوکر راند ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ لاءِ ٻه ٽئين درجي جون ٽڪيٽون کٽي ٿو ۽ پنهنجي دوست فيبريزيو سان سفر ڪري ٿو. <nowiki>*</nowiki> ڪيٽ ونسليٽ روز ڊيوٽ بڪٽر جي حيثيت ۾. فلاڊيلفيا جي هڪ 17 سالن جي ڇوڪري. جنهن کي ارب پتي ڪيل هاڪلي سان منگني تي مجبور ڪيو ويو آهي. ته جيئن هوءَ ۽ سندس ماءُ (روٿ) پنهنجي اعليٰ درجي جي حيثيت برقرار رکي سگهن. سندس پيءُ جي موت کان پوءِ خاندان قرض ۾ ٻڏي ويو. روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي ڪيل ۽ روٿ سان گڏ هڪ پهرين درجي جي مسافر جي حيثيت ۾ سوار ٿئي ٿي ۽ جڪ سان ملي ٿي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جديد دور جي روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾. روز فلم کي هڪ فريمنگ ڊيوائس ۾ بيان ڪري ٿي. بزرگ روز جزوي طور تي آمريڪي فنڪار بيٽرس ووڊ کان متاثر هئي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> بلي زين ڪيليڊون "ڪئل هڪلي" جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي مغرور ۽ بدمعاش 30 سالن جي منگيتر. جيڪا پٽسبرگ اسٽيل جي دولت جي وارث آهي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> فرانسس فشر روٿ ڊيوٽ بڪٽر جي حيثيت ۾. روز جي بيوه ماءُ. جيڪا پنهنجي خاندان جي اعليٰ سماج جي حيثيت کي برقرار رکڻ لاءِ ڪيل سان روز جي منگني جو بندوبست ڪري ٿي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> بل پيڪسٽن بروڪ لووٽ جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ خزاني جو شڪار ڪندڙ جيڪو موجوده وقت ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي ۾ "هارٽ آف دي اوشن" جي هار جي ڳولا ۾ آهي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> سوزي ايمس ايلزبيٿ "لزي" ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾. روز جي پوٽي. جيڪا هن سان گڏ آهي. جڏهن هوءَ ٻيڙي تي لووٽ جو دورو ڪري ٿي. ۽ جڪ ڊاسن سان پنهنجي ڏاڏي جي رومانوي ماضي بابت سکي ٿي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> ڊيني نوچي فيبريزيو ڊي روسي جي حيثيت ۾. جڪ جو اطالوي بهترين دوست. جيڪو جڪ جي پوکر راند ۾ ٻه ٽڪيٽون کٽڻ کان پوءِ هن سان گڏ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿئي ٿو. فيبريزيو لائف بوٽ تي سوار ٿيڻ ۾ ناڪام ٿئي ٿو. جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو. ۽ هو مارجي وڃي ٿو. جڏهن جهاز جو هڪ ڦاٽ ٽٽي پوي ٿو ۽ پاڻي ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. هن ۽ ڪيترن ئي ٻين مسافرن کي چيڀاٽڻ سان. <nowiki>*</nowiki> ڊيوڊ وارنر اسپائسر لوجوئي جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ اڳوڻو پنڪرٽن ڪانسٽيبل ۽ ڪيل جو انگريزي خدمتگار ۽ محافظ. هو روز جي نگراني ڪري ٿو. ۽ هو جڪ جي بچاءُ جي چوڌاري حالتن بابت شڪي آهي. هو تڏهن مري ٿو جڏهن ٽائٽينڪ اڌ ۾ ورهائجي ٿو. جنهن جي ڪري هو هڪ وڏي سوراخ ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. <nowiki>*</nowiki> جيسن بيري ٽامي ريان جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ آئرش ٽئين درجي جو مسافر. جيڪو جڪ ۽ فيبريزيو سان دوستي ڪري ٿو. ٽامي کي تڏهن ماريو ويندو آهي جڏهن هو حادثاتي طور تي اڳتي ڌڪيو ويندو آهي. ۽ هڪ خوفزده فرسٽ آفيسر مرڊوڪ طرفان گولي هڻي ويندي آهي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> اليگزينڊريا اوونز-سارنو ڪورا ڪارٽمل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نوجوان ٽئين درجي جي ڇوڪري جيڪا آئرش پارٽي ۾ جڪ سان ناچ ڪري ٿي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> ڪيميلا اوور بائي روز هيلگا ڊاهل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نارويجي مهاجر ۽ ٽئين درجي جو مسافر جيڪو فيبريزيو سان پيار ۾ پئجي وڃي ٿو. <nowiki>*</nowiki> ايمي گيپا ٽروڊي بولٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي ذاتي نوڪرياڻي. === تاريخي ڪردار === جيتوڻيڪ واقعن جي مڪمل طور تي صحيح تصوير ڏيڻ جو ارادو نه آهي. فلم ۾ مختلف تاريخي شخصيتن جا نقشا شامل آهن: ٽائٽنڪ (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] 3kr9tog0c1a5edsc8eo2jd6x8hxf2rk 373344 373341 2026-04-25T10:30:09Z Ibne maryam 17680 373344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ رزميه،تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ تحقيقي ٻيڙي، "اڪيڊمڪ اسٽسلاو ڪيلديش" تي سوار، خزاني جي کوج ڪندڙ، بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (هن اميد تي ته هنن هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جي دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). هنن ان جي بدران اهي هڪ تجوري (<small>safe</small>) تائين پهچندا آهن جن ۾ هڪ نوجوان ناري جو هار پائڻ وارو خاڪو هوندو آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912ع تي ٻڌل آهي (ڏينهن، جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو ۽ نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ <small>1,500</small> موت واقع ٿيا) دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ، سئو ورهين جي عورت، "روز ڊاوسن" (ڪئٽ ونسليٽ) ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي ۽ ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ موجود عورت جو اصل آهي. هن اميد تي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي، لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش ٻيڙي تي سوار ڪري ٿو، جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. سال 1912ع ۾، 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر، ڪال هڪلي ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ، روٿ سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر هن جي ماء، روٿ شادي ڪرڻ تي زور ڏئي ٿي ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز ٻيڙي جي ڊيڪ مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي، پر جيڪ ڊاوسن (ڊي ڪيپريو)، هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار، طرفان هن کي اهڙو ڪرڻ سان روڪيو ويو. جيڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا ۽ جيڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ روز شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪندي آهي پر هن کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ پڻ جئڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. روز جئڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾، اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر لوجوائي کان بچي، ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي، هنن ٻيڙي جي هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ڏسڻ ٿا. جڏهن روز جي منگيتر، ڪيل کي روز جي اسڪيچ بابت معلوم ٿئي ٿو، هو لوجوائي کي جئڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو ۽ جئڪ تي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جئڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. جيئن ٽائٽنڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس تي سواري لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جئڪ کي قيد سان بچائي ٿي ۽ هنن ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو ۽ يقين ڏياري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي ٻيڙي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ، جن ۾ هار هوندو آهي، روز جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو ته جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿي، جئين ته هن جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه هئي. ڪاوڙ ۾، ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻڏندڙ ٻيڙي م انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو، پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. جيئن ٻوڏ جو شڪار ٿيل ڪمان ٻڏي ٿو، ان جو سور هوا ۾ اڀري ٿو ۽ جئڪ ۽ روز ريلنگ سان چنبڙي پون ٿا. ٻيڙي ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي وڃي ٿي ۽ سور برفاني پاڻي ۾ ٻڏي وڃي ٿو. باقي مسافرن سان گڏ، جئڪ روز کي ٻيڙي جي ترندڙ ملبي تي مدد ڪري ٿو ۽ ان کي جيئڻ ۽ مڪمل زندگي گذارڻ جو واعدو ڪري ٿو. جئڪ سردي لڳڻ (هائپوٿرميا) کان مرجي ويندو آهي، پر روز کي واپس ايندڙ لائف بوٽ تي سوار ڪرائي ٿو، جيڪي آر ايم ايس هيريوٽ پاران بچائي ويندي آهي. روز ڪيل ۽ سندس ماءُ کان لڪندي آهي ۽ نيويارڪ شهر ۾ پهچڻ تي پنهنجو نالو روز ڊاسن ديکاري ٿي. روز ڳالهه ٻول دوران ٻڌائي ٿي ته هن جو منگيتر ڪيل 1929ع جي اسٽاڪ مارڪيٽ حادثي ۾ پنهنجي قسمت وڃائڻ کان پوءِ خودڪشي ڪيو هو. هوءَ ڪيلڊيش ٻيڙي جي عملدارن کي ٻڌائي ٿي ته جئڪ هن کي هر ممڪن طريقي سان بچايو ۽ افسوس ڪري ٿي ته هن جون يادون ئي سڀ ڪجهه آهن، جيڪيون هن وٽ بچيون آهن. هن جي ڪهاڻي کان متاثر ٿي. ليويٽ هار جي ڳولا ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو. رات جو ڪيلڊيش جي سور تي اڪيلي روز، جنهن هار کي پنهنجي قبضي ۾ رکيو آهي، هار کي ملبي جي مٿان سمنڊ ۾ اڇلائندي آهي. پوء جڏهن هوءَ پنهنجي بستري تي ليٽي ٿي، سندن تصويرون جئڪ کان متاثر ٿي آزادي ۽ ايڊونچر جي زندگي کي ظاهر ڪن ٿيون.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> ٻيڙي ٽائٽنڪ تي سوار ٿيل، هڪ نوجوان روز، گرينڊ اسٽيئرڪيس تي جئڪ سان ٻيهر ملي ٿي ۽ هن تي ٻڏڻ ۾ فوت ٿيل مسافرن ۽ عملدارن پاران تاڙيون وڄايو وڃڻ ٿيون. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} === افسانوي ڪردار === * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو جڪ ڊاوسن جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ سفر ڪندڙ، غريب يتيم، چپيوا فالز، وسڪونسن جو. جيڪو پيرس سميت دنيا جو سفر ڪري چڪو آهي. هو پوکر راند ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ لاءِ ٻه ٽئين درجي جون ٽڪيٽون کٽي ٿو ۽ پنهنجي دوست فيبريزيو سان سفر ڪري ٿو. <nowiki>*</nowiki> ڪيٽ ونسليٽ روز ڊيوٽ بڪٽر جي حيثيت ۾. فلاڊيلفيا جي هڪ 17 سالن جي ڇوڪري. جنهن کي ارب پتي ڪيل هاڪلي سان منگني تي مجبور ڪيو ويو آهي. ته جيئن هوءَ ۽ سندس ماءُ (روٿ) پنهنجي اعليٰ درجي جي حيثيت برقرار رکي سگهن. سندس پيءُ جي موت کان پوءِ خاندان قرض ۾ ٻڏي ويو. روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي ڪيل ۽ روٿ سان گڏ هڪ پهرين درجي جي مسافر جي حيثيت ۾ سوار ٿئي ٿي ۽ جڪ سان ملي ٿي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جديد دور جي روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾. روز فلم کي هڪ فريمنگ ڊيوائس ۾ بيان ڪري ٿي. بزرگ روز جزوي طور تي آمريڪي فنڪار بيٽرس ووڊ کان متاثر هئي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> بلي زين ڪيليڊون "ڪئل هڪلي" جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي مغرور ۽ بدمعاش 30 سالن جي منگيتر. جيڪا پٽسبرگ اسٽيل جي دولت جي وارث آهي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> فرانسس فشر روٿ ڊيوٽ بڪٽر جي حيثيت ۾. روز جي بيوه ماءُ. جيڪا پنهنجي خاندان جي اعليٰ سماج جي حيثيت کي برقرار رکڻ لاءِ ڪيل سان روز جي منگني جو بندوبست ڪري ٿي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> بل پيڪسٽن بروڪ لووٽ جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ خزاني جو شڪار ڪندڙ جيڪو موجوده وقت ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي ۾ "هارٽ آف دي اوشن" جي هار جي ڳولا ۾ آهي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> سوزي ايمس ايلزبيٿ "لزي" ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾. روز جي پوٽي. جيڪا هن سان گڏ آهي. جڏهن هوءَ ٻيڙي تي لووٽ جو دورو ڪري ٿي. ۽ جڪ ڊاسن سان پنهنجي ڏاڏي جي رومانوي ماضي بابت سکي ٿي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> ڊيني نوچي فيبريزيو ڊي روسي جي حيثيت ۾. جڪ جو اطالوي بهترين دوست. جيڪو جڪ جي پوکر راند ۾ ٻه ٽڪيٽون کٽڻ کان پوءِ هن سان گڏ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿئي ٿو. فيبريزيو لائف بوٽ تي سوار ٿيڻ ۾ ناڪام ٿئي ٿو. جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو. ۽ هو مارجي وڃي ٿو. جڏهن جهاز جو هڪ ڦاٽ ٽٽي پوي ٿو ۽ پاڻي ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. هن ۽ ڪيترن ئي ٻين مسافرن کي چيڀاٽڻ سان. <nowiki>*</nowiki> ڊيوڊ وارنر اسپائسر لوجوئي جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ اڳوڻو پنڪرٽن ڪانسٽيبل ۽ ڪيل جو انگريزي خدمتگار ۽ محافظ. هو روز جي نگراني ڪري ٿو. ۽ هو جڪ جي بچاءُ جي چوڌاري حالتن بابت شڪي آهي. هو تڏهن مري ٿو جڏهن ٽائٽينڪ اڌ ۾ ورهائجي ٿو. جنهن جي ڪري هو هڪ وڏي سوراخ ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. <nowiki>*</nowiki> جيسن بيري ٽامي ريان جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ آئرش ٽئين درجي جو مسافر. جيڪو جڪ ۽ فيبريزيو سان دوستي ڪري ٿو. ٽامي کي تڏهن ماريو ويندو آهي جڏهن هو حادثاتي طور تي اڳتي ڌڪيو ويندو آهي. ۽ هڪ خوفزده فرسٽ آفيسر مرڊوڪ طرفان گولي هڻي ويندي آهي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> اليگزينڊريا اوونز-سارنو ڪورا ڪارٽمل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نوجوان ٽئين درجي جي ڇوڪري جيڪا آئرش پارٽي ۾ جڪ سان ناچ ڪري ٿي. <nowiki>*</nowiki> ڪيميلا اوور بائي روز هيلگا ڊاهل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نارويجي مهاجر ۽ ٽئين درجي جو مسافر جيڪو فيبريزيو سان پيار ۾ پئجي وڃي ٿو. <nowiki>*</nowiki> ايمي گيپا ٽروڊي بولٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي ذاتي نوڪرياڻي. === تاريخي ڪردار === جيتوڻيڪ واقعن جي مڪمل طور تي صحيح تصوير ڏيڻ جو ارادو نه آهي. فلم ۾ مختلف تاريخي شخصيتن جا نقشا شامل آهن: ٽائٽنڪ (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] omvf4sjzbyns3zuknhkglm5uwbwhro8 373345 373344 2026-04-25T10:41:48Z Ibne maryam 17680 373345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ رزميه،تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ تحقيقي ٻيڙي، "اڪيڊمڪ اسٽسلاو ڪيلديش" تي سوار، خزاني جي کوج ڪندڙ، بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (هن اميد تي ته هنن هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جي دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). هنن ان جي بدران اهي هڪ تجوري (<small>safe</small>) تائين پهچندا آهن جن ۾ هڪ نوجوان ناري جو هار پائڻ وارو خاڪو هوندو آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912ع تي ٻڌل آهي (ڏينهن، جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو ۽ نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ <small>1,500</small> موت واقع ٿيا) دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ، سئو ورهين جي عورت، "روز ڊاوسن" (ڪئٽ ونسليٽ) ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي ۽ ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ موجود عورت جو اصل آهي. هن اميد تي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي، لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش ٻيڙي تي سوار ڪري ٿو، جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. سال 1912ع ۾، 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر، ڪال هڪلي ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ، روٿ سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر هن جي ماء، روٿ شادي ڪرڻ تي زور ڏئي ٿي ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز ٻيڙي جي ڊيڪ مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي، پر جيڪ ڊاوسن (ڊي ڪيپريو)، هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار، طرفان هن کي اهڙو ڪرڻ سان روڪيو ويو. جيڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا ۽ جيڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ روز شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪندي آهي پر هن کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ پڻ جئڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. روز جئڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾، اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر لوجوائي کان بچي، ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي، هنن ٻيڙي جي هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ڏسڻ ٿا. جڏهن روز جي منگيتر، ڪيل کي روز جي اسڪيچ بابت معلوم ٿئي ٿو، هو لوجوائي کي جئڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو ۽ جئڪ تي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جئڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. جيئن ٽائٽنڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس تي سواري لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جئڪ کي قيد سان بچائي ٿي ۽ هنن ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو ۽ يقين ڏياري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي ٻيڙي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ، جن ۾ هار هوندو آهي، روز جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو ته جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿي، جئين ته هن جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه هئي. ڪاوڙ ۾، ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻڏندڙ ٻيڙي م انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو، پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. جيئن ٻوڏ جو شڪار ٿيل ڪمان ٻڏي ٿو، ان جو سور هوا ۾ اڀري ٿو ۽ جئڪ ۽ روز ريلنگ سان چنبڙي پون ٿا. ٻيڙي ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي وڃي ٿي ۽ سور برفاني پاڻي ۾ ٻڏي وڃي ٿو. باقي مسافرن سان گڏ، جئڪ روز کي ٻيڙي جي ترندڙ ملبي تي مدد ڪري ٿو ۽ ان کي جيئڻ ۽ مڪمل زندگي گذارڻ جو واعدو ڪري ٿو. جئڪ سردي لڳڻ (هائپوٿرميا) کان مرجي ويندو آهي، پر روز کي واپس ايندڙ لائف بوٽ تي سوار ڪرائي ٿو، جيڪي آر ايم ايس هيريوٽ پاران بچائي ويندي آهي. روز ڪيل ۽ سندس ماءُ کان لڪندي آهي ۽ نيويارڪ شهر ۾ پهچڻ تي پنهنجو نالو روز ڊاسن ديکاري ٿي. روز ڳالهه ٻول دوران ٻڌائي ٿي ته هن جو منگيتر ڪيل 1929ع جي اسٽاڪ مارڪيٽ حادثي ۾ پنهنجي قسمت وڃائڻ کان پوءِ خودڪشي ڪيو هو. هوءَ ڪيلڊيش ٻيڙي جي عملدارن کي ٻڌائي ٿي ته جئڪ هن کي هر ممڪن طريقي سان بچايو ۽ افسوس ڪري ٿي ته هن جون يادون ئي سڀ ڪجهه آهن، جيڪيون هن وٽ بچيون آهن. هن جي ڪهاڻي کان متاثر ٿي. ليويٽ هار جي ڳولا ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو. رات جو ڪيلڊيش جي سور تي اڪيلي روز، جنهن هار کي پنهنجي قبضي ۾ رکيو آهي، هار کي ملبي جي مٿان سمنڊ ۾ اڇلائندي آهي. پوء جڏهن هوءَ پنهنجي بستري تي ليٽي ٿي، سندن تصويرون جئڪ کان متاثر ٿي آزادي ۽ ايڊونچر جي زندگي کي ظاهر ڪن ٿيون.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> ٻيڙي ٽائٽنڪ تي سوار ٿيل، هڪ نوجوان روز، گرينڊ اسٽيئرڪيس تي جئڪ سان ٻيهر ملي ٿي ۽ هن تي ٻڏڻ ۾ فوت ٿيل مسافرن ۽ عملدارن پاران تاڙيون وڄايو وڃڻ ٿيون. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} === افسانوي ڪردار === * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو جيڪ ڊاوسن جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ سفر ڪندڙ،چپيوا فالز، وسڪونسن جي هڪ خانه بدوش، غريب يتيم جو آهي، جيڪو پيرس سميت دنيا جو سفر ڪري چڪو آهي، هو پوڪر راند ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ لاءِ ٻه ٽئين درجي جون ٽڪيٽون کٽي ٿو ۽ پنهنجي دوست فيبريزيو سان سفر ڪري ٿو. * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جي حيثيت ۾، فلاڊيلفيا جي هڪ 17 سالن جي ڇوڪري، جنهن کي ارب پتي ڪيل هڪلي سان منگني تي مجبور ڪيو ويو آهي ته جيئن هوءَ ۽ سندس ماءُ (روٿ) پنهنجي اعليٰ درجي جي حيثيت برقرار رکي سگهن، جئين ته سندس پيءُ جي موت کان پوءِ خاندان قرض ۾ ٻڏي ويو هو. روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي ڪيل ۽ روٿ سان گڏ هڪ پهرين درجي جي مسافر جي حيثيت ۾ سوار ٿئي ٿي ۽ جئڪ سان ملي ٿي. * گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جديد دور جي روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز فلم کي هڪ فريمنگ ڊيوائس ۾ بيان ڪري ٿي، بزرگ روز جزوي طور تي آمريڪي فنڪار بيٽرس ووڊ کان متاثر هئي. * بلي زين ڪيليڊون "ڪئل هڪلي" جي حيثيت ۾، روز جو مغرور ۽ بدمعاش 30 سالن جو منگيتر، جيڪا پٽسبرگ اسٽيل جي دولت جو وارث آهي. * فرانسس فشر روٿ ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي بيوه ماءُ، جيڪا پنهنجي خاندان جي اعليٰ سماج جي حيثيت کي برقرار رکڻ لاءِ ڪيل سان روز جي منگني جو بندوبست ڪري ٿي. * بل پيڪسٽن بروڪ لوويٽ جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ خزاني جو ڳولا ڪندڙ جيڪو موجوده وقت ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي ۾ "هارٽ آف دي اوشن" جي هار جي ڳولا ۾ آهي. * سوزي ايمس ايلزبيٿ "لزي" ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي پوٽي، جيڪا هن سان گڏ آهي. جڏهن هوءَ ٻيڙي تي لوويٽ سان ملي ٿي ۽ جيڪ ڊاوسن سان پنهنجي ڏاڏي جي رومانوي ماضي بابت سکي ٿي. * ڊيني نوچي فيبريزيو ڊي روسي جي حيثيت ۾، جيڪ جو اطالوي بهترين دوست، جيڪو جيڪ جي پوڪر راند ۾ ٻه ٽڪيٽون کٽڻ کان پوءِ هن سان گڏ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿئي ٿو. فيبريزيو لائف بوٽ تي سوار ٿيڻ ۾ ناڪام ٿئي ٿو. جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو ۽ هو مارجي وڃي ٿو، جڏهن جهاز جو هڪ ڦاٽ ٽٽي پوي ٿو ۽ هن ۽ ڪيترن ئي ٻين مسافرن کي چيڀاٽڻ سان، پاڻي ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. * ڊيوڊ وارنر اسپائسر لوجوئي جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ اڳوڻو پنڪرٽن ڪانسٽيبل ۽ ڪيل جو انگريز خدمتگار ۽ محافظ. هو روز جي نگراني ڪري ٿو ۽ هو جيڪ جي بچاءُ جي چوڌاري حالتن بابت شڪي آهي. هو تڏهن مري ٿو جڏهن ٽائٽينڪ اڌ ۾ ورهائجي ٿو. جنهن جي ڪري هو هڪ وڏي سوراخ ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. * جيسن بيري ٽامي ريان جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ آئرش ٽئين درجي جو مسافر، جيڪو جيڪ ۽ فيبريزيو سان دوستي ڪري ٿو. ٽامي کي تڏهن ماريو ويندو آهي جڏهن هو حادثاتي طور تي اڳتي ڌڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ هڪ خوفزده فرسٽ آفيسر مرڊوڪ طرفان گولي هڻي ويندي آهي. * اليگزينڊريا اوونز-سارنو ڪورا ڪارٽمل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نوجوان ٽئين درجي جي ڇوڪري جيڪا آئرش پارٽي ۾ جيڪ سان گڏ ناچ ڪري ٿي. ڪيميلا اوور بائي روز هيلگا ڊاهل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نارويجي مهاجر ۽ ٽئين درجي جو مسافر جيڪو فيبريزيو سان پيار ۾ پئجي وڃي ٿو. * ايمي گيپا ٽروڊي بولٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي ذاتي نوڪرياڻي. === تاريخي ڪردار === جيتوڻيڪ واقعن جي مڪمل طور تي صحيح تصوير ڏيڻ جو ارادو نه آهي. فلم ۾ مختلف تاريخي شخصيتن جا نقشا شامل آهن: ٽائٽنڪ (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm|archive-date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] 4h849gt73v5krary47p4urv9zrm0css 0 36535 373168 324364 2026-04-24T13:47:04Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:1974ع جون پيدائشون]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{صندوق معلومات شخص}} '''جمائما گولڊ سمٿ''' ({{lang-en|Jemima Goldsmith}}) برطانوي پاڪستاني صحافي ۽ مهم جوءِ آهي. هيءَ دنيا جي نوي امير ترين شخصن مان هڪ سر گولڊ سمٿ جي ڌيءَ آهي. توڻي جو اها يهودي گهراڻي ۾ ڄائي هئي، پر پاڻ ذاتي طور تي سيڪيولر ذهن رکندڙ انسان آهي. هن 1995ع ۾ [[عمران خان]] سان پرڻو ڪيو هو. 2004ع ۾ ٻنهي ۾ طلاق ٿي وئي. جمائما، عمران خان جي ٻن پُٽن جي ماءَ پڻ آهي.<ref>{{Citation |title=جمائما خان {{!}} Indus Asia Online Blog<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=https://iaob.wordpress.com/2017/06/03/jemima/ |accessdate=2017-06-03 |archive-date=2021-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126111753/https://iaob.wordpress.com/2017/06/03/jemima/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:برطانوي شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جي سياست]] [[زمرو:جيوت ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:جيئرا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:گولڊسمٿ خاندان]] [[زمرو:1974ع جون پيدائشون]] 3hulfva02kv6wxpvorwmk2on0s4lml6 0 38335 373217 249811 2026-04-24T17:06:28Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:1870ع جون پيدائشون]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{صندوق معلومات شخص}} '''ڊاڪٽر مولوي عبدالحق''' جنھن کي بابائي اردو پڻ چيو ويندو آهي ، مارچ 1870ع ۾، [[ميرٺ]] جي ننڍڙي ڳوٺ ۾ ڄائو، ۽ 15- آگسٽ 1961ع تي [[ڪراچي]]ءَ ۾ وفات ڪيائين. سڄي عمر شادي نه ڪيائين. چيائين، ’مون اردوءَ سان شادي ڪئي آهي! منهنجو اولاد اردوءَ جو اهل زبان آهن!‘ ”[[انجمن ترقيء اردو“. پاڪ و هند]]، سندس بهترين يادگار آهي<ref>ادارو؛ رسالو:مهراڻ؛ ڇپيندڙ:[[سنڌي ادبي بورڊ]] 1961ع</ref>. == حوالا == {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ڪراچي جا ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:1870ع جون پيدائشون]] [[زمرو:1961ع جون فوتگيون]] 0fmw7ubmmd6i6p28z40v6wsmx8bgptq 0 38339 373313 102660 2026-04-25T01:52:39Z Intisar Ali 8681 373313 wikitext text/x-wiki '''حبيب بن المهلب بن ابي صفره'''، سليمان بن عبدالملڪ جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جو گورنر ٿي آيو. هن جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جي داخلي امن امان کي ڪجهه نقصان پهتو.<ref>ميمڻ عبدالمجيد سنڌي--سنڌ ۽ ملتان جون عربي حڪومتون؛ رسالو:مهراڻ؛ ڇپيندڙ: [[سنڌي ادبي بورڊ]] 1961ع</ref> {{Infobox royalty |name = حبيب بن مهلب |title |image = |succession = سنڌ جو اموي گورنر |predecessor = [[ عامر بن عبدالله]] |successor =[[عمر بن مسلم باھلي]] |regent = سليمان بن عبدالملڪ |reign = 717( 99 ھجري تائين) |spouses = |issue = |full name = |house = |dynasty = بنو اميہ |father = |mother = |birth_name = |birth_date = |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |date of burial = |place of burial = |religion = اسلام }} '''حبيب بن مهلب''':{{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' Habib bin Muhalab'''}} سنڌ ۾ بنو اميه جي عرب خلافت جي گورنر يزيد بن مهلب جو ڀاء جنهن سندس نمائندي طور سنڌ تي حڪومت ڪئي. اعجازالحق قدوسي لکي ٿو ته:[[سليمان بن عبدالملڪ]] حبيب ٻن مهلب کي سنڌ جو گورنر ڪري موڪليو. حبيب سنڌ ۾ پهچڻ شرط ڪيترن ئي باغين کي سزائون ڏئي پنهنجو فرمانبردار بڻايو ۽ اروڙ وارن سندس اطاعت قبول ڪئي ان وقت جيسينا جي ڪري ٻيا سردار به باغي ٿي چُڪا هئا. تنهن ڪري حبيب برهمڻ آباد تي اڃا ڪاهه ڪرڻ جو سوچي رهيو هو ته 20 سفر 99ھ (18 ــ 717ع) ۾ سليمان بن عبدالملڪ وفات ڪري ويو. عمر بن عبدالعزيز نئون خليفو مقرر ٿيو، جنهن حبيب جي ڀاءُ يزيد بن مهلب کي عراق ۽ خراسان جي گورنري ۽ حبيب کي سنڌ جي گورنري تان خيانت جي ڏوهه ۾ هٽائي ڪري جيل اماڻي ڇڏيو<ref>{ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ سنڌ جي تاريخ مصنف؛ اعجاز الحق قدوسي ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2007ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي {{cite web|url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/catalogue/History/Book7/Book_page2.html}} }</ref> يعقوبي مطابق محمد بن قاسم جهڙي جوان مرد ۽ فياض سردار کان بيقصور حڪومت جي واڳ کسي وٺڻ ۽ ساڻس هيڏي بيدردي جو برتاءُ ڪرڻ، ان عبرت انگيز بيقدري کان ماڻهن ۾ طرح طرح جون بدگمانيون پيدا ٿي ويون، عربن مان فقط اهي ماڻهو سر زمين سنڌ ۾ رهجي ويا جيڪي هتي ويهي رهيا هئا ۽ جن کي جاگيرون ڏنيون ويون هيون مگر مجاهدين جي اها زبردست جماعت جا فقط محمد بن قاسم جي پٺيان پنهنجا گهر ٻار ڇڏي غريب الوطني ۾ پنهنجون جانيون قربان ڪرڻ لاءِ تيار هئي. سا ٽڙي پکڙي ويئي، ۽ انهي جماعت جا سڀ ماڻهو هن ملڪ کي ڇڏي پنهنجي پنهنجي وطن ڏي هليا ويا ۽ هندستان جو ميدان مجاهدن کان بلڪل خالي ٿي ويو<ref name =" شرر " > ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ سنڌ جي تاريخ :مصنف؛ مولانا الحليم ”شرر“: سنڌيڪار؛ فقير اشرف علي سمون: ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2005ع، 2007ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي </ref>. بلاذري مطابق انهن ڏينهن ۾ سليمان ابن عبدالملڪ بصري جي حڪومت يزيد بن مهلب جي حوالي ڪئي هئي. ان کي جڏهن معلوم ٿيو ته سنڌ جي حالت خراب ٿي رهي آهي، تڏهن هن پنهنجي ڀاءُ حبيب بن مهلب کي سنڌ جو والي مقرر ڪري سنڌ ڏانهن روانو ڪيو. جو اڃا سر زمين سنڌ ۾ پهتو ئي مس ته راجا ڏاهر جو پٽ جيسنگهه جو غالباً ڪشمير کان واپس اچي ويو سو، برهمڻ آباد ۾ داخل ٿي ويو. حبيب سنڌ ۾ داخل ٿي سنڌو درياءَ جي ڪناري منزل انداز ٿيو. الور وارن سندس اطاعت قبول ڪئي مگر ڪي ماڻهو وڙهڻ لاءِ تيار ٿيا،جن کي حبيب پڪڙي، بغاوت جي ڏوه ۾ پوري پوري سزا ڏني.<ref name = "شرر "/><ref> ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ تاريخ سنڌ (پنج ڀاڱا گڏ) مصنف؛ مولوي نور محمد نظاماڻي, عبدالغني عبدالله, محمد صديق ”مسافر“ ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2006ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي ڪاپي رائيٽ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي </ref>. انهي زماني ۾ چيو وڃي ٿو ته ڪو وقت عامر بن عبدالله به سنڌ جو والي رهيو مگر بلاذري ۽ يعقوبي جن تي گهڻو ڀروسو ڪري ٿو سگهجي، توڙي ٻيا قابل اعتبار مؤرخ به هن بابت ڪجهه نٿا لکن تنهنڪري اسان جي نزديڪ هيءَ ڳالهه نه ايتري قدر ڀروسي جهڙي آهي نه مڃڻ جي لائق.<ref name = "شرر "/>.ابن اثير، ابن خلدون ۽ بلاذري مطابق حبيب اڃان سنڌو دريا جي ڪناري تي ئي لٿو پيو هو ته خليفي سليمان وڃي قبر ۾ جاءِ ورتي ۽ عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي عالمانه ۽ ديندارانه خلافت شروع ٿي. جنهن گادي تي ويهڻ شرط يزيد بن مهلب کي ان ڪري بصري ۽ خراسان جي گورنري کان موقوف ڪري ڇڏيو جو هو نهايت هٺيلو هو ۽ سندس عزيز و قريب ڏاڍا ظالم ۽ ناخدا ترس هئا. عراق جي والي عدي بن ارطات کي لکيائين ته يزيد بن مهلب کي هڪدم گرفتار ڪري وٺي. عدي انهي حڪم جي تعميل لاءِ موسى بن حليسبه حميري کي روانو ڪيو. جنهن پهچڻ شرط يزيد کي گرفتار ڪري خليفي عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي درٻار ۾ موڪلي ڏنو. خليفي، يزيد کان اها رقم طلب ڪئي جنهن جي نسبت هن گذريل خليفي سليمان کي لکيو هو ته ”جرجان کان خزانو وصول ٿيو آهي ۽ عنقريب روانو ڪندس“ يزيد انڪار ڪيو ۽ چيائين ته ”مون هونئن کڻي خليفي مرحوم کي لکي ڇڏيو هو. ڇو ته مون ڀانيو ٿي ته نه خليفي صاحب جن مون کان گهرندا ۽ نه مون کي موڪلڻا ئي پوندا.“ عمر بن عبدالعزيز چيو ته ”هي مسلمانن جو مال آهي، ان ۾ ليمان کي خواه مون کي معاف ڪرڻ جو ڪو حق حاصل نه آهي، پوءِ يزيد بن مهلب سان عمر بن عبدالعزيز اهو ئي برتاءُ ڪيو جو محمد بن قاسم سان ڪيو ويو هو. هن کيس قيدخاني ۾ موڪلي ڏنو جو تيسين اتي پيو هو جيسين يزيد بن عبدالملڪ جي خلافت شروع ٿي. ان وقت وجهه وٺي هو قيدخاني مان نڪي ڀڄي ويو ۽ آخر وڏي مشڪلات سان ڪيترين خونريزين بعد سنه 102 هجري ۾ مارجي ويو.<ref name = " شرر "/>بلاذري لکي ٿو تہ:خليفي عمر بن عبدالعزيز پنهنجي زماني ۾ هڪ نئين ۽ نهايت عمدي ڪارروائي ڪئي، جنهن مان دراصل اها مراد هئي ته حجت پوري ڪئي وڃي. سنه 100 هجري ۾ هندستان جي سڀني راجائن ڏي خط موڪليا، جنهن ۾ اول انهن کي دين اسلام جي طرف دعوت ڏني ويئي هئي، ۽ انڪاري صورت ۾ سڀني کي هدايت ڪئي ويئي هئي ته اسلام جي جهنڊي اڳيان مٿو جهڪائين، ان سان گڏ هي به ٻڌايو ويو هون ته انهي صورت ۾ سندن حق حقوق اهي ئي قائم ڪيا ويندا جي عام مسلمانن جا آهن ۽ سلطنت جي ڪاروبار ۾ سندن ۽ مسلمانن جا فرائض به هڪ جهڙا رهندا. هندستان جي ماڻهن کي عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي سهڻن اخلاقن ۽ سندن دينداري ۽ سچي نيڪ نفسي جو احوال به معلوم ٿي چڪو هو.<ref name = " شرر "/>. راجا ڏاهر جو پٽ [[جيسنگھ]] سياسي مصلحت خاطر مسلمان ٿي ويو. مگر هن جي اها ڪارروائي خود لاءِ ئي نقصان واري ٿي. ڇو ته ڀرپاسي وارا سڀئي راجا دل و جان سان اسلام قبول ڪري چڪا هئا، هي ئي وقت آهي جنهن کان وٺي عربي اخلاق ۽ عادتون سنڌ وارن ۾ پيدا ٿيون ۽ انهن عربن جي نالن جهڙا نالا پنهنجي ٻارن جا به رکڻ شروع ڪيا.<ref name = "شرر "/>.حضرت عمر بن عبدالعزيز جيئن يزيد بن مهلب کي بصري ۽ خراسان جي گورنري تان لاٿو، تيئن ساڻن گڏ سندس ڀاءُ حبيب بن مهلب کي به ولايت سنڌ کان معزول ڪري ڇڏيو ۽ ان جي جاءِ تي عمر بن مسلم باهلي کي سنڌ جو حاڪم مقرر ڪيو.<ref name = " شرر "/>. ==سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست== {{سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست}} == حوالا == {{حوالا|2}} == حوالا == {{حوالا}} m2o1yxnrx53m6rvokxsi1dv5h600s53 373315 373313 2026-04-25T01:54:20Z Intisar Ali 8681 373315 wikitext text/x-wiki '''حبيب بن المهلب بن ابي صفره'''، سليمان بن عبدالملڪ جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جو گورنر ٿي آيو. هن جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جي داخلي امن امان کي ڪجهه نقصان پهتو.<ref>ميمڻ عبدالمجيد سنڌي--سنڌ ۽ ملتان جون عربي حڪومتون؛ رسالو:مهراڻ؛ ڇپيندڙ: [[سنڌي ادبي بورڊ]] 1961ع</ref> {{Infobox royalty |name = حبيب بن مهلب |title |image = |succession = سنڌ جو اموي گورنر |predecessor = [[ عامر بن عبدالله]] |successor =[[عمر بن مسلم باھلي]] |regent = سليمان بن عبدالملڪ |reign = 717( 99 ھجري تائين) |spouses = |issue = |full name = |house = |dynasty = بنو اميہ |father = |mother = |birth_name = |birth_date = |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |date of burial = |place of burial = |religion = اسلام }} '''حبيب بن مهلب''':{{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' Habib bin Muhalab'''}} سنڌ ۾ بنو اميه جي عرب خلافت جي گورنر يزيد بن مهلب جو ڀاء جنهن سندس نمائندي طور سنڌ تي حڪومت ڪئي. اعجازالحق قدوسي لکي ٿو ته:[[سليمان بن عبدالملڪ]] حبيب ٻن مهلب کي سنڌ جو گورنر ڪري موڪليو. حبيب سنڌ ۾ پهچڻ شرط ڪيترن ئي باغين کي سزائون ڏئي پنهنجو فرمانبردار بڻايو ۽ اروڙ وارن سندس اطاعت قبول ڪئي ان وقت جيسينا جي ڪري ٻيا سردار به باغي ٿي چُڪا هئا. تنهن ڪري حبيب برهمڻ آباد تي اڃا ڪاهه ڪرڻ جو سوچي رهيو هو ته 20 سفر 99ھ (18 ــ 717ع) ۾ سليمان بن عبدالملڪ وفات ڪري ويو. عمر بن عبدالعزيز نئون خليفو مقرر ٿيو، جنهن حبيب جي ڀاءُ يزيد بن مهلب کي عراق ۽ خراسان جي گورنري ۽ حبيب کي سنڌ جي گورنري تان خيانت جي ڏوهه ۾ هٽائي ڪري جيل اماڻي ڇڏيو<ref>{ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ سنڌ جي تاريخ مصنف؛ اعجاز الحق قدوسي ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2007ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي {{cite web|url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/catalogue/History/Book7/Book_page2.html}} }</ref> يعقوبي مطابق محمد بن قاسم جهڙي جوان مرد ۽ فياض سردار کان بيقصور حڪومت جي واڳ کسي وٺڻ ۽ ساڻس هيڏي بيدردي جو برتاءُ ڪرڻ، ان عبرت انگيز بيقدري کان ماڻهن ۾ طرح طرح جون بدگمانيون پيدا ٿي ويون، عربن مان فقط اهي ماڻهو سر زمين سنڌ ۾ رهجي ويا جيڪي هتي ويهي رهيا هئا ۽ جن کي جاگيرون ڏنيون ويون هيون مگر مجاهدين جي اها زبردست جماعت جا فقط محمد بن قاسم جي پٺيان پنهنجا گهر ٻار ڇڏي غريب الوطني ۾ پنهنجون جانيون قربان ڪرڻ لاءِ تيار هئي. سا ٽڙي پکڙي ويئي، ۽ انهي جماعت جا سڀ ماڻهو هن ملڪ کي ڇڏي پنهنجي پنهنجي وطن ڏي هليا ويا ۽ هندستان جو ميدان مجاهدن کان بلڪل خالي ٿي ويو<ref name =" شرر " > ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ سنڌ جي تاريخ :مصنف؛ مولانا الحليم ”شرر“: سنڌيڪار؛ فقير اشرف علي سمون: ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2005ع، 2007ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي </ref>. بلاذري مطابق انهن ڏينهن ۾ سليمان ابن عبدالملڪ بصري جي حڪومت يزيد بن مهلب جي حوالي ڪئي هئي. ان کي جڏهن معلوم ٿيو ته سنڌ جي حالت خراب ٿي رهي آهي، تڏهن هن پنهنجي ڀاءُ حبيب بن مهلب کي سنڌ جو والي مقرر ڪري سنڌ ڏانهن روانو ڪيو. جو اڃا سر زمين سنڌ ۾ پهتو ئي مس ته راجا ڏاهر جو پٽ جيسنگهه جو غالباً ڪشمير کان واپس اچي ويو سو، برهمڻ آباد ۾ داخل ٿي ويو. حبيب سنڌ ۾ داخل ٿي سنڌو درياءَ جي ڪناري منزل انداز ٿيو. الور وارن سندس اطاعت قبول ڪئي مگر ڪي ماڻهو وڙهڻ لاءِ تيار ٿيا،جن کي حبيب پڪڙي، بغاوت جي ڏوه ۾ پوري پوري سزا ڏني.<ref name = "شرر "/><ref> ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ تاريخ سنڌ (پنج ڀاڱا گڏ) مصنف؛ مولوي نور محمد نظاماڻي, عبدالغني عبدالله, محمد صديق ”مسافر“ ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2006ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي ڪاپي رائيٽ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي </ref>. انهي زماني ۾ چيو وڃي ٿو ته ڪو وقت عامر بن عبدالله به سنڌ جو والي رهيو مگر بلاذري ۽ يعقوبي جن تي گهڻو ڀروسو ڪري ٿو سگهجي، توڙي ٻيا قابل اعتبار مؤرخ به هن بابت ڪجهه نٿا لکن تنهنڪري اسان جي نزديڪ هيءَ ڳالهه نه ايتري قدر ڀروسي جهڙي آهي نه مڃڻ جي لائق.<ref name = "شرر "/>.ابن اثير، ابن خلدون ۽ بلاذري مطابق حبيب اڃان سنڌو دريا جي ڪناري تي ئي لٿو پيو هو ته خليفي سليمان وڃي قبر ۾ جاءِ ورتي ۽ عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي عالمانه ۽ ديندارانه خلافت شروع ٿي. جنهن گادي تي ويهڻ شرط يزيد بن مهلب کي ان ڪري بصري ۽ خراسان جي گورنري کان موقوف ڪري ڇڏيو جو هو نهايت هٺيلو هو ۽ سندس عزيز و قريب ڏاڍا ظالم ۽ ناخدا ترس هئا. عراق جي والي عدي بن ارطات کي لکيائين ته يزيد بن مهلب کي هڪدم گرفتار ڪري وٺي. عدي انهي حڪم جي تعميل لاءِ موسى بن حليسبه حميري کي روانو ڪيو. جنهن پهچڻ شرط يزيد کي گرفتار ڪري خليفي عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي درٻار ۾ موڪلي ڏنو. خليفي، يزيد کان اها رقم طلب ڪئي جنهن جي نسبت هن گذريل خليفي سليمان کي لکيو هو ته ”جرجان کان خزانو وصول ٿيو آهي ۽ عنقريب روانو ڪندس“ يزيد انڪار ڪيو ۽ چيائين ته ”مون هونئن کڻي خليفي مرحوم کي لکي ڇڏيو هو. ڇو ته مون ڀانيو ٿي ته نه خليفي صاحب جن مون کان گهرندا ۽ نه مون کي موڪلڻا ئي پوندا.“ عمر بن عبدالعزيز چيو ته ”هي مسلمانن جو مال آهي، ان ۾ ليمان کي خواه مون کي معاف ڪرڻ جو ڪو حق حاصل نه آهي، پوءِ يزيد بن مهلب سان عمر بن عبدالعزيز اهو ئي برتاءُ ڪيو جو محمد بن قاسم سان ڪيو ويو هو. هن کيس قيدخاني ۾ موڪلي ڏنو جو تيسين اتي پيو هو جيسين يزيد بن عبدالملڪ جي خلافت شروع ٿي. ان وقت وجهه وٺي هو قيدخاني مان نڪي ڀڄي ويو ۽ آخر وڏي مشڪلات سان ڪيترين خونريزين بعد سنه 102 هجري ۾ مارجي ويو.<ref name = " شرر "/>بلاذري لکي ٿو تہ:خليفي عمر بن عبدالعزيز پنهنجي زماني ۾ هڪ نئين ۽ نهايت عمدي ڪارروائي ڪئي، جنهن مان دراصل اها مراد هئي ته حجت پوري ڪئي وڃي. سنه 100 هجري ۾ هندستان جي سڀني راجائن ڏي خط موڪليا، جنهن ۾ اول انهن کي دين اسلام جي طرف دعوت ڏني ويئي هئي، ۽ انڪاري صورت ۾ سڀني کي هدايت ڪئي ويئي هئي ته اسلام جي جهنڊي اڳيان مٿو جهڪائين، ان سان گڏ هي به ٻڌايو ويو هون ته انهي صورت ۾ سندن حق حقوق اهي ئي قائم ڪيا ويندا جي عام مسلمانن جا آهن ۽ سلطنت جي ڪاروبار ۾ سندن ۽ مسلمانن جا فرائض به هڪ جهڙا رهندا. هندستان جي ماڻهن کي عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي سهڻن اخلاقن ۽ سندن دينداري ۽ سچي نيڪ نفسي جو احوال به معلوم ٿي چڪو هو.<ref name = " شرر "/>. راجا ڏاهر جو پٽ [[جيسنگھ]] سياسي مصلحت خاطر مسلمان ٿي ويو. مگر هن جي اها ڪارروائي خود لاءِ ئي نقصان واري ٿي. ڇو ته ڀرپاسي وارا سڀئي راجا دل و جان سان اسلام قبول ڪري چڪا هئا، هي ئي وقت آهي جنهن کان وٺي عربي اخلاق ۽ عادتون سنڌ وارن ۾ پيدا ٿيون ۽ انهن عربن جي نالن جهڙا نالا پنهنجي ٻارن جا به رکڻ شروع ڪيا.<ref name = "شرر "/>.حضرت عمر بن عبدالعزيز جيئن يزيد بن مهلب کي بصري ۽ خراسان جي گورنري تان لاٿو، تيئن ساڻن گڏ سندس ڀاءُ حبيب بن مهلب کي به ولايت سنڌ کان معزول ڪري ڇڏيو ۽ ان جي جاءِ تي عمر بن مسلم باهلي کي سنڌ جو حاڪم مقرر ڪيو.<ref name = " شرر "/>. ==سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست== {{سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست}} == حوالا == {{حوالا|2}} 8ruyr4p295rfk7ee3u60xs24xntdrlz 373316 373315 2026-04-25T01:59:42Z Intisar Ali 8681 373316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = حبيب بن مهلب |title |image = |succession = سنڌ جو اموي گورنر |predecessor = [[ عامر بن عبدالله]] |successor =[[عمر بن مسلم باھلي]] |regent = سليمان بن عبدالملڪ |reign = 717( 99 ھجري تائين) |spouses = |issue = |full name = |house = |dynasty = بنو اميہ |father = |mother = |birth_name = |birth_date = |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |date of burial = |place of burial = |religion = اسلام }} حبيب بن المهلب الأزدي (وفات 720ع) اموي خلافت ۾ هڪ گورنر ۽ فوجي ڪمانڊر هو ۽ مهلبِي خاندان جو ميمبر هو۔ هن بعد ۾ پنهنجي ڀاءُ يزيد بن المهلب جي بغاوت ۾ حصو ورتو ۽ «جنگِ العقر» ۾ مارجي ويو۔ '''حبيب بن المهلب بن ابي صفره'''، سليمان بن عبدالملڪ جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جو گورنر ٿي آيو. هن جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جي داخلي امن امان کي ڪجهه نقصان پهتو.<ref>ميمڻ عبدالمجيد سنڌي--سنڌ ۽ ملتان جون عربي حڪومتون؛ رسالو:مهراڻ؛ ڇپيندڙ: [[سنڌي ادبي بورڊ]] 1961ع</ '''حبيب بن مهلب''':{{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' Habib bin Muhalab'''}} سنڌ ۾ بنو اميه جي عرب خلافت جي گورنر يزيد بن مهلب جو ڀاء جنهن سندس نمائندي طور سنڌ تي حڪومت ڪئي. اعجازالحق قدوسي لکي ٿو ته:[[سليمان بن عبدالملڪ]] حبيب ٻن مهلب کي سنڌ جو گورنر ڪري موڪليو. حبيب سنڌ ۾ پهچڻ شرط ڪيترن ئي باغين کي سزائون ڏئي پنهنجو فرمانبردار بڻايو ۽ اروڙ وارن سندس اطاعت قبول ڪئي ان وقت جيسينا جي ڪري ٻيا سردار به باغي ٿي چُڪا هئا. تنهن ڪري حبيب برهمڻ آباد تي اڃا ڪاهه ڪرڻ جو سوچي رهيو هو ته 20 سفر 99ھ (18 ــ 717ع) ۾ سليمان بن عبدالملڪ وفات ڪري ويو. عمر بن عبدالعزيز نئون خليفو مقرر ٿيو، جنهن حبيب جي ڀاءُ يزيد بن مهلب کي عراق ۽ خراسان جي گورنري ۽ حبيب کي سنڌ جي گورنري تان خيانت جي ڏوهه ۾ هٽائي ڪري جيل اماڻي ڇڏيو<ref>{ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ سنڌ جي تاريخ مصنف؛ اعجاز الحق قدوسي ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2007ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي {{cite web|url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/catalogue/History/Book7/Book_page2.html}} }</ref> يعقوبي مطابق محمد بن قاسم جهڙي جوان مرد ۽ فياض سردار کان بيقصور حڪومت جي واڳ کسي وٺڻ ۽ ساڻس هيڏي بيدردي جو برتاءُ ڪرڻ، ان عبرت انگيز بيقدري کان ماڻهن ۾ طرح طرح جون بدگمانيون پيدا ٿي ويون، عربن مان فقط اهي ماڻهو سر زمين سنڌ ۾ رهجي ويا جيڪي هتي ويهي رهيا هئا ۽ جن کي جاگيرون ڏنيون ويون هيون مگر مجاهدين جي اها زبردست جماعت جا فقط محمد بن قاسم جي پٺيان پنهنجا گهر ٻار ڇڏي غريب الوطني ۾ پنهنجون جانيون قربان ڪرڻ لاءِ تيار هئي. سا ٽڙي پکڙي ويئي، ۽ انهي جماعت جا سڀ ماڻهو هن ملڪ کي ڇڏي پنهنجي پنهنجي وطن ڏي هليا ويا ۽ هندستان جو ميدان مجاهدن کان بلڪل خالي ٿي ويو<ref name =" شرر " > ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ سنڌ جي تاريخ :مصنف؛ مولانا الحليم ”شرر“: سنڌيڪار؛ فقير اشرف علي سمون: ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2005ع، 2007ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي </ref>. بلاذري مطابق انهن ڏينهن ۾ سليمان ابن عبدالملڪ بصري جي حڪومت يزيد بن مهلب جي حوالي ڪئي هئي. ان کي جڏهن معلوم ٿيو ته سنڌ جي حالت خراب ٿي رهي آهي، تڏهن هن پنهنجي ڀاءُ حبيب بن مهلب کي سنڌ جو والي مقرر ڪري سنڌ ڏانهن روانو ڪيو. جو اڃا سر زمين سنڌ ۾ پهتو ئي مس ته راجا ڏاهر جو پٽ جيسنگهه جو غالباً ڪشمير کان واپس اچي ويو سو، برهمڻ آباد ۾ داخل ٿي ويو. حبيب سنڌ ۾ داخل ٿي سنڌو درياءَ جي ڪناري منزل انداز ٿيو. الور وارن سندس اطاعت قبول ڪئي مگر ڪي ماڻهو وڙهڻ لاءِ تيار ٿيا،جن کي حبيب پڪڙي، بغاوت جي ڏوه ۾ پوري پوري سزا ڏني.<ref name = "شرر "/><ref> ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ تاريخ سنڌ (پنج ڀاڱا گڏ) مصنف؛ مولوي نور محمد نظاماڻي, عبدالغني عبدالله, محمد صديق ”مسافر“ ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2006ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي ڪاپي رائيٽ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي </ref>. انهي زماني ۾ چيو وڃي ٿو ته ڪو وقت عامر بن عبدالله به سنڌ جو والي رهيو مگر بلاذري ۽ يعقوبي جن تي گهڻو ڀروسو ڪري ٿو سگهجي، توڙي ٻيا قابل اعتبار مؤرخ به هن بابت ڪجهه نٿا لکن تنهنڪري اسان جي نزديڪ هيءَ ڳالهه نه ايتري قدر ڀروسي جهڙي آهي نه مڃڻ جي لائق.<ref name = "شرر "/>.ابن اثير، ابن خلدون ۽ بلاذري مطابق حبيب اڃان سنڌو دريا جي ڪناري تي ئي لٿو پيو هو ته خليفي سليمان وڃي قبر ۾ جاءِ ورتي ۽ عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي عالمانه ۽ ديندارانه خلافت شروع ٿي. جنهن گادي تي ويهڻ شرط يزيد بن مهلب کي ان ڪري بصري ۽ خراسان جي گورنري کان موقوف ڪري ڇڏيو جو هو نهايت هٺيلو هو ۽ سندس عزيز و قريب ڏاڍا ظالم ۽ ناخدا ترس هئا. عراق جي والي عدي بن ارطات کي لکيائين ته يزيد بن مهلب کي هڪدم گرفتار ڪري وٺي. عدي انهي حڪم جي تعميل لاءِ موسى بن حليسبه حميري کي روانو ڪيو. جنهن پهچڻ شرط يزيد کي گرفتار ڪري خليفي عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي درٻار ۾ موڪلي ڏنو. خليفي، يزيد کان اها رقم طلب ڪئي جنهن جي نسبت هن گذريل خليفي سليمان کي لکيو هو ته ”جرجان کان خزانو وصول ٿيو آهي ۽ عنقريب روانو ڪندس“ يزيد انڪار ڪيو ۽ چيائين ته ”مون هونئن کڻي خليفي مرحوم کي لکي ڇڏيو هو. ڇو ته مون ڀانيو ٿي ته نه خليفي صاحب جن مون کان گهرندا ۽ نه مون کي موڪلڻا ئي پوندا.“ عمر بن عبدالعزيز چيو ته ”هي مسلمانن جو مال آهي، ان ۾ ليمان کي خواه مون کي معاف ڪرڻ جو ڪو حق حاصل نه آهي، پوءِ يزيد بن مهلب سان عمر بن عبدالعزيز اهو ئي برتاءُ ڪيو جو محمد بن قاسم سان ڪيو ويو هو. هن کيس قيدخاني ۾ موڪلي ڏنو جو تيسين اتي پيو هو جيسين يزيد بن عبدالملڪ جي خلافت شروع ٿي. ان وقت وجهه وٺي هو قيدخاني مان نڪي ڀڄي ويو ۽ آخر وڏي مشڪلات سان ڪيترين خونريزين بعد سنه 102 هجري ۾ مارجي ويو.<ref name = " شرر "/>بلاذري لکي ٿو تہ:خليفي عمر بن عبدالعزيز پنهنجي زماني ۾ هڪ نئين ۽ نهايت عمدي ڪارروائي ڪئي، جنهن مان دراصل اها مراد هئي ته حجت پوري ڪئي وڃي. سنه 100 هجري ۾ هندستان جي سڀني راجائن ڏي خط موڪليا، جنهن ۾ اول انهن کي دين اسلام جي طرف دعوت ڏني ويئي هئي، ۽ انڪاري صورت ۾ سڀني کي هدايت ڪئي ويئي هئي ته اسلام جي جهنڊي اڳيان مٿو جهڪائين، ان سان گڏ هي به ٻڌايو ويو هون ته انهي صورت ۾ سندن حق حقوق اهي ئي قائم ڪيا ويندا جي عام مسلمانن جا آهن ۽ سلطنت جي ڪاروبار ۾ سندن ۽ مسلمانن جا فرائض به هڪ جهڙا رهندا. هندستان جي ماڻهن کي عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي سهڻن اخلاقن ۽ سندن دينداري ۽ سچي نيڪ نفسي جو احوال به معلوم ٿي چڪو هو.<ref name = " شرر "/>. راجا ڏاهر جو پٽ [[جيسنگھ]] سياسي مصلحت خاطر مسلمان ٿي ويو. مگر هن جي اها ڪارروائي خود لاءِ ئي نقصان واري ٿي. ڇو ته ڀرپاسي وارا سڀئي راجا دل و جان سان اسلام قبول ڪري چڪا هئا، هي ئي وقت آهي جنهن کان وٺي عربي اخلاق ۽ عادتون سنڌ وارن ۾ پيدا ٿيون ۽ انهن عربن جي نالن جهڙا نالا پنهنجي ٻارن جا به رکڻ شروع ڪيا.<ref name = "شرر "/>.حضرت عمر بن عبدالعزيز جيئن يزيد بن مهلب کي بصري ۽ خراسان جي گورنري تان لاٿو، تيئن ساڻن گڏ سندس ڀاءُ حبيب بن مهلب کي به ولايت سنڌ کان معزول ڪري ڇڏيو ۽ ان جي جاءِ تي عمر بن مسلم باهلي کي سنڌ جو حاڪم مقرر ڪيو.<ref name = " شرر "/>. ==سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست== {{سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست}} == حوالا == {{حوالا|2}} ga7rhv4516cwdpn8fkovdp9e0yuk3c3 373317 373316 2026-04-25T02:02:07Z Intisar Ali 8681 373317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = حبيب بن مهلب |title |image = |succession = سنڌ جو اموي گورنر |predecessor = [[ عامر بن عبدالله]] |successor =[[عمر بن مسلم باھلي]] |regent = سليمان بن عبدالملڪ |reign = 717( 99 ھجري تائين) |spouses = |issue = |full name = |house = |dynasty = بنو اميہ |father = |mother = |birth_name = |birth_date = |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |date of burial = |place of burial = |religion = اسلام }} حبيب بن المهلب الأزدي (وفات 720ع) اموي خلافت ۾ هڪ گورنر ۽ فوجي ڪمانڊر هو ۽ مهلبِي خاندان جو ميمبر هو۔ هن بعد ۾ پنهنجي ڀاءُ يزيد بن المهلب جي بغاوت ۾ حصو ورتو ۽ «جنگِ العقر» ۾ مارجي ويو۔ '''حبيب بن المهلب بن ابي صفره'''، سليمان بن عبدالملڪ جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جو گورنر ٿي آيو. هن جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جي داخلي امن امان کي ڪجهه نقصان پهتو.<ref>ميمڻ عبدالمجيد سنڌي--سنڌ ۽ ملتان جون عربي حڪومتون؛ رسالو:مهراڻ؛ ڇپيندڙ: [[سنڌي ادبي بورڊ]] 1961ع</ref> ==گورنري وارو دور== '''حبيب بن مهلب''':{{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' Habib bin Muhalab'''}} سنڌ ۾ بنو اميه جي عرب خلافت جي گورنر يزيد بن مهلب جو ڀاء جنهن سندس نمائندي طور سنڌ تي حڪومت ڪئي. اعجازالحق قدوسي لکي ٿو ته:[[سليمان بن عبدالملڪ]] حبيب ٻن مهلب کي سنڌ جو گورنر ڪري موڪليو. حبيب سنڌ ۾ پهچڻ شرط ڪيترن ئي باغين کي سزائون ڏئي پنهنجو فرمانبردار بڻايو ۽ اروڙ وارن سندس اطاعت قبول ڪئي ان وقت جيسينا جي ڪري ٻيا سردار به باغي ٿي چُڪا هئا. تنهن ڪري حبيب برهمڻ آباد تي اڃا ڪاهه ڪرڻ جو سوچي رهيو هو ته 20 سفر 99ھ (18 ــ 717ع) ۾ سليمان بن عبدالملڪ وفات ڪري ويو. عمر بن عبدالعزيز نئون خليفو مقرر ٿيو، جنهن حبيب جي ڀاءُ يزيد بن مهلب کي عراق ۽ خراسان جي گورنري ۽ حبيب کي سنڌ جي گورنري تان خيانت جي ڏوهه ۾ هٽائي ڪري جيل اماڻي ڇڏيو<ref>{ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ سنڌ جي تاريخ مصنف؛ اعجاز الحق قدوسي ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2007ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي {{cite web|url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/catalogue/History/Book7/Book_page2.html}} }</ref> يعقوبي مطابق محمد بن قاسم جهڙي جوان مرد ۽ فياض سردار کان بيقصور حڪومت جي واڳ کسي وٺڻ ۽ ساڻس هيڏي بيدردي جو برتاءُ ڪرڻ، ان عبرت انگيز بيقدري کان ماڻهن ۾ طرح طرح جون بدگمانيون پيدا ٿي ويون، عربن مان فقط اهي ماڻهو سر زمين سنڌ ۾ رهجي ويا جيڪي هتي ويهي رهيا هئا ۽ جن کي جاگيرون ڏنيون ويون هيون مگر مجاهدين جي اها زبردست جماعت جا فقط محمد بن قاسم جي پٺيان پنهنجا گهر ٻار ڇڏي غريب الوطني ۾ پنهنجون جانيون قربان ڪرڻ لاءِ تيار هئي. سا ٽڙي پکڙي ويئي، ۽ انهي جماعت جا سڀ ماڻهو هن ملڪ کي ڇڏي پنهنجي پنهنجي وطن ڏي هليا ويا ۽ هندستان جو ميدان مجاهدن کان بلڪل خالي ٿي ويو<ref name =" شرر " > ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ سنڌ جي تاريخ :مصنف؛ مولانا الحليم ”شرر“: سنڌيڪار؛ فقير اشرف علي سمون: ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2005ع، 2007ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي </ref>. بلاذري مطابق انهن ڏينهن ۾ سليمان ابن عبدالملڪ بصري جي حڪومت يزيد بن مهلب جي حوالي ڪئي هئي. ان کي جڏهن معلوم ٿيو ته سنڌ جي حالت خراب ٿي رهي آهي، تڏهن هن پنهنجي ڀاءُ حبيب بن مهلب کي سنڌ جو والي مقرر ڪري سنڌ ڏانهن روانو ڪيو. جو اڃا سر زمين سنڌ ۾ پهتو ئي مس ته راجا ڏاهر جو پٽ جيسنگهه جو غالباً ڪشمير کان واپس اچي ويو سو، برهمڻ آباد ۾ داخل ٿي ويو. حبيب سنڌ ۾ داخل ٿي سنڌو درياءَ جي ڪناري منزل انداز ٿيو. الور وارن سندس اطاعت قبول ڪئي مگر ڪي ماڻهو وڙهڻ لاءِ تيار ٿيا،جن کي حبيب پڪڙي، بغاوت جي ڏوه ۾ پوري پوري سزا ڏني.<ref name = "شرر "/><ref> ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ تاريخ سنڌ (پنج ڀاڱا گڏ) مصنف؛ مولوي نور محمد نظاماڻي, عبدالغني عبدالله, محمد صديق ”مسافر“ ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2006ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي ڪاپي رائيٽ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي </ref>. انهي زماني ۾ چيو وڃي ٿو ته ڪو وقت عامر بن عبدالله به سنڌ جو والي رهيو مگر بلاذري ۽ يعقوبي جن تي گهڻو ڀروسو ڪري ٿو سگهجي، توڙي ٻيا قابل اعتبار مؤرخ به هن بابت ڪجهه نٿا لکن تنهنڪري اسان جي نزديڪ هيءَ ڳالهه نه ايتري قدر ڀروسي جهڙي آهي نه مڃڻ جي لائق.<ref name = "شرر "/>.ابن اثير، ابن خلدون ۽ بلاذري مطابق حبيب اڃان سنڌو دريا جي ڪناري تي ئي لٿو پيو هو ته خليفي سليمان وڃي قبر ۾ جاءِ ورتي ۽ عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي عالمانه ۽ ديندارانه خلافت شروع ٿي. جنهن گادي تي ويهڻ شرط يزيد بن مهلب کي ان ڪري بصري ۽ خراسان جي گورنري کان موقوف ڪري ڇڏيو جو هو نهايت هٺيلو هو ۽ سندس عزيز و قريب ڏاڍا ظالم ۽ ناخدا ترس هئا. عراق جي والي عدي بن ارطات کي لکيائين ته يزيد بن مهلب کي هڪدم گرفتار ڪري وٺي. عدي انهي حڪم جي تعميل لاءِ موسى بن حليسبه حميري کي روانو ڪيو. جنهن پهچڻ شرط يزيد کي گرفتار ڪري خليفي عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي درٻار ۾ موڪلي ڏنو. خليفي، يزيد کان اها رقم طلب ڪئي جنهن جي نسبت هن گذريل خليفي سليمان کي لکيو هو ته ”جرجان کان خزانو وصول ٿيو آهي ۽ عنقريب روانو ڪندس“ يزيد انڪار ڪيو ۽ چيائين ته ”مون هونئن کڻي خليفي مرحوم کي لکي ڇڏيو هو. ڇو ته مون ڀانيو ٿي ته نه خليفي صاحب جن مون کان گهرندا ۽ نه مون کي موڪلڻا ئي پوندا.“ عمر بن عبدالعزيز چيو ته ”هي مسلمانن جو مال آهي، ان ۾ ليمان کي خواه مون کي معاف ڪرڻ جو ڪو حق حاصل نه آهي، پوءِ يزيد بن مهلب سان عمر بن عبدالعزيز اهو ئي برتاءُ ڪيو جو محمد بن قاسم سان ڪيو ويو هو. هن کيس قيدخاني ۾ موڪلي ڏنو جو تيسين اتي پيو هو جيسين يزيد بن عبدالملڪ جي خلافت شروع ٿي. ان وقت وجهه وٺي هو قيدخاني مان نڪي ڀڄي ويو ۽ آخر وڏي مشڪلات سان ڪيترين خونريزين بعد سنه 102 هجري ۾ مارجي ويو.<ref name = " شرر "/>بلاذري لکي ٿو تہ:خليفي عمر بن عبدالعزيز پنهنجي زماني ۾ هڪ نئين ۽ نهايت عمدي ڪارروائي ڪئي، جنهن مان دراصل اها مراد هئي ته حجت پوري ڪئي وڃي. سنه 100 هجري ۾ هندستان جي سڀني راجائن ڏي خط موڪليا، جنهن ۾ اول انهن کي دين اسلام جي طرف دعوت ڏني ويئي هئي، ۽ انڪاري صورت ۾ سڀني کي هدايت ڪئي ويئي هئي ته اسلام جي جهنڊي اڳيان مٿو جهڪائين، ان سان گڏ هي به ٻڌايو ويو هون ته انهي صورت ۾ سندن حق حقوق اهي ئي قائم ڪيا ويندا جي عام مسلمانن جا آهن ۽ سلطنت جي ڪاروبار ۾ سندن ۽ مسلمانن جا فرائض به هڪ جهڙا رهندا. هندستان جي ماڻهن کي عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي سهڻن اخلاقن ۽ سندن دينداري ۽ سچي نيڪ نفسي جو احوال به معلوم ٿي چڪو هو.<ref name = " شرر "/>. راجا ڏاهر جو پٽ [[جيسنگھ]] سياسي مصلحت خاطر مسلمان ٿي ويو. مگر هن جي اها ڪارروائي خود لاءِ ئي نقصان واري ٿي. ڇو ته ڀرپاسي وارا سڀئي راجا دل و جان سان اسلام قبول ڪري چڪا هئا، هي ئي وقت آهي جنهن کان وٺي عربي اخلاق ۽ عادتون سنڌ وارن ۾ پيدا ٿيون ۽ انهن عربن جي نالن جهڙا نالا پنهنجي ٻارن جا به رکڻ شروع ڪيا.<ref name = "شرر "/>.حضرت عمر بن عبدالعزيز جيئن يزيد بن مهلب کي بصري ۽ خراسان جي گورنري تان لاٿو، تيئن ساڻن گڏ سندس ڀاءُ حبيب بن مهلب کي به ولايت سنڌ کان معزول ڪري ڇڏيو ۽ ان جي جاءِ تي عمر بن مسلم باهلي کي سنڌ جو حاڪم مقرر ڪيو.<ref name = " شرر "/>. ==سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست== {{سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست}} == حوالا == {{حوالا|2}} ggzk95vtnwyl9luqpjg1udeq4zvcsnq 373318 373317 2026-04-25T02:04:01Z Intisar Ali 8681 373318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = حبيب بن مهلب |title |image = |succession = سنڌ جو اموي گورنر |predecessor = [[ عامر بن عبدالله]] |successor =[[عمر بن مسلم باھلي]] |regent = سليمان بن عبدالملڪ |reign = 717( 99 ھجري تائين) |spouses = |issue = |full name = |house = |dynasty = بنو اميہ |father = |mother = |birth_name = |birth_date = |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |date of burial = |place of burial = |religion = اسلام }} حبيب بن المهلب الأزدي (وفات 720ع) اموي خلافت ۾ هڪ گورنر ۽ فوجي ڪمانڊر هو ۽ مهلبِي خاندان جو ميمبر هو۔ هن بعد ۾ پنهنجي ڀاءُ يزيد بن المهلب جي بغاوت ۾ حصو ورتو ۽ «جنگِ العقر» ۾ مارجي ويو۔ '''حبيب بن المهلب بن ابي صفره'''، سليمان بن عبدالملڪ جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جو گورنر ٿي آيو. هن جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جي داخلي امن امان کي ڪجهه نقصان پهتو.<ref>ميمڻ عبدالمجيد سنڌي--سنڌ ۽ ملتان جون عربي حڪومتون؛ رسالو:مهراڻ؛ ڇپيندڙ: [[سنڌي ادبي بورڊ]] 1961ع</ref> == نسب == حبيب بن المهلب بن ابي صفرة — جنهن جو نالو ظالم بن سراق بن صبح بن ڪندي بن عمرو بن عدي بن وائل بن الحارث بن العتيڪ بن الأزد الأزدي هو۔<ref>جمهرة أنساب العرب۔ ابن حزم الأندلسي۔ ص 367–368</ref> ==گورنري وارو دور== '''حبيب بن مهلب''':{{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' Habib bin Muhalab'''}} سنڌ ۾ بنو اميه جي عرب خلافت جي گورنر يزيد بن مهلب جو ڀاء جنهن سندس نمائندي طور سنڌ تي حڪومت ڪئي. اعجازالحق قدوسي لکي ٿو ته:[[سليمان بن عبدالملڪ]] حبيب ٻن مهلب کي سنڌ جو گورنر ڪري موڪليو. حبيب سنڌ ۾ پهچڻ شرط ڪيترن ئي باغين کي سزائون ڏئي پنهنجو فرمانبردار بڻايو ۽ اروڙ وارن سندس اطاعت قبول ڪئي ان وقت جيسينا جي ڪري ٻيا سردار به باغي ٿي چُڪا هئا. تنهن ڪري حبيب برهمڻ آباد تي اڃا ڪاهه ڪرڻ جو سوچي رهيو هو ته 20 سفر 99ھ (18 ــ 717ع) ۾ سليمان بن عبدالملڪ وفات ڪري ويو. عمر بن عبدالعزيز نئون خليفو مقرر ٿيو، جنهن حبيب جي ڀاءُ يزيد بن مهلب کي عراق ۽ خراسان جي گورنري ۽ حبيب کي سنڌ جي گورنري تان خيانت جي ڏوهه ۾ هٽائي ڪري جيل اماڻي ڇڏيو<ref>{ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ سنڌ جي تاريخ مصنف؛ اعجاز الحق قدوسي ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2007ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي {{cite web|url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/catalogue/History/Book7/Book_page2.html}} }</ref> يعقوبي مطابق محمد بن قاسم جهڙي جوان مرد ۽ فياض سردار کان بيقصور حڪومت جي واڳ کسي وٺڻ ۽ ساڻس هيڏي بيدردي جو برتاءُ ڪرڻ، ان عبرت انگيز بيقدري کان ماڻهن ۾ طرح طرح جون بدگمانيون پيدا ٿي ويون، عربن مان فقط اهي ماڻهو سر زمين سنڌ ۾ رهجي ويا جيڪي هتي ويهي رهيا هئا ۽ جن کي جاگيرون ڏنيون ويون هيون مگر مجاهدين جي اها زبردست جماعت جا فقط محمد بن قاسم جي پٺيان پنهنجا گهر ٻار ڇڏي غريب الوطني ۾ پنهنجون جانيون قربان ڪرڻ لاءِ تيار هئي. سا ٽڙي پکڙي ويئي، ۽ انهي جماعت جا سڀ ماڻهو هن ملڪ کي ڇڏي پنهنجي پنهنجي وطن ڏي هليا ويا ۽ هندستان جو ميدان مجاهدن کان بلڪل خالي ٿي ويو<ref name =" شرر " > ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ سنڌ جي تاريخ :مصنف؛ مولانا الحليم ”شرر“: سنڌيڪار؛ فقير اشرف علي سمون: ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2005ع، 2007ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي </ref>. بلاذري مطابق انهن ڏينهن ۾ سليمان ابن عبدالملڪ بصري جي حڪومت يزيد بن مهلب جي حوالي ڪئي هئي. ان کي جڏهن معلوم ٿيو ته سنڌ جي حالت خراب ٿي رهي آهي، تڏهن هن پنهنجي ڀاءُ حبيب بن مهلب کي سنڌ جو والي مقرر ڪري سنڌ ڏانهن روانو ڪيو. جو اڃا سر زمين سنڌ ۾ پهتو ئي مس ته راجا ڏاهر جو پٽ جيسنگهه جو غالباً ڪشمير کان واپس اچي ويو سو، برهمڻ آباد ۾ داخل ٿي ويو. حبيب سنڌ ۾ داخل ٿي سنڌو درياءَ جي ڪناري منزل انداز ٿيو. الور وارن سندس اطاعت قبول ڪئي مگر ڪي ماڻهو وڙهڻ لاءِ تيار ٿيا،جن کي حبيب پڪڙي، بغاوت جي ڏوه ۾ پوري پوري سزا ڏني.<ref name = "شرر "/><ref> ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ تاريخ سنڌ (پنج ڀاڱا گڏ) مصنف؛ مولوي نور محمد نظاماڻي, عبدالغني عبدالله, محمد صديق ”مسافر“ ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2006ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي ڪاپي رائيٽ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي </ref>. انهي زماني ۾ چيو وڃي ٿو ته ڪو وقت عامر بن عبدالله به سنڌ جو والي رهيو مگر بلاذري ۽ يعقوبي جن تي گهڻو ڀروسو ڪري ٿو سگهجي، توڙي ٻيا قابل اعتبار مؤرخ به هن بابت ڪجهه نٿا لکن تنهنڪري اسان جي نزديڪ هيءَ ڳالهه نه ايتري قدر ڀروسي جهڙي آهي نه مڃڻ جي لائق.<ref name = "شرر "/>.ابن اثير، ابن خلدون ۽ بلاذري مطابق حبيب اڃان سنڌو دريا جي ڪناري تي ئي لٿو پيو هو ته خليفي سليمان وڃي قبر ۾ جاءِ ورتي ۽ عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي عالمانه ۽ ديندارانه خلافت شروع ٿي. جنهن گادي تي ويهڻ شرط يزيد بن مهلب کي ان ڪري بصري ۽ خراسان جي گورنري کان موقوف ڪري ڇڏيو جو هو نهايت هٺيلو هو ۽ سندس عزيز و قريب ڏاڍا ظالم ۽ ناخدا ترس هئا. عراق جي والي عدي بن ارطات کي لکيائين ته يزيد بن مهلب کي هڪدم گرفتار ڪري وٺي. عدي انهي حڪم جي تعميل لاءِ موسى بن حليسبه حميري کي روانو ڪيو. جنهن پهچڻ شرط يزيد کي گرفتار ڪري خليفي عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي درٻار ۾ موڪلي ڏنو. خليفي، يزيد کان اها رقم طلب ڪئي جنهن جي نسبت هن گذريل خليفي سليمان کي لکيو هو ته ”جرجان کان خزانو وصول ٿيو آهي ۽ عنقريب روانو ڪندس“ يزيد انڪار ڪيو ۽ چيائين ته ”مون هونئن کڻي خليفي مرحوم کي لکي ڇڏيو هو. ڇو ته مون ڀانيو ٿي ته نه خليفي صاحب جن مون کان گهرندا ۽ نه مون کي موڪلڻا ئي پوندا.“ عمر بن عبدالعزيز چيو ته ”هي مسلمانن جو مال آهي، ان ۾ ليمان کي خواه مون کي معاف ڪرڻ جو ڪو حق حاصل نه آهي، پوءِ يزيد بن مهلب سان عمر بن عبدالعزيز اهو ئي برتاءُ ڪيو جو محمد بن قاسم سان ڪيو ويو هو. هن کيس قيدخاني ۾ موڪلي ڏنو جو تيسين اتي پيو هو جيسين يزيد بن عبدالملڪ جي خلافت شروع ٿي. ان وقت وجهه وٺي هو قيدخاني مان نڪي ڀڄي ويو ۽ آخر وڏي مشڪلات سان ڪيترين خونريزين بعد سنه 102 هجري ۾ مارجي ويو.<ref name = " شرر "/>بلاذري لکي ٿو تہ:خليفي عمر بن عبدالعزيز پنهنجي زماني ۾ هڪ نئين ۽ نهايت عمدي ڪارروائي ڪئي، جنهن مان دراصل اها مراد هئي ته حجت پوري ڪئي وڃي. سنه 100 هجري ۾ هندستان جي سڀني راجائن ڏي خط موڪليا، جنهن ۾ اول انهن کي دين اسلام جي طرف دعوت ڏني ويئي هئي، ۽ انڪاري صورت ۾ سڀني کي هدايت ڪئي ويئي هئي ته اسلام جي جهنڊي اڳيان مٿو جهڪائين، ان سان گڏ هي به ٻڌايو ويو هون ته انهي صورت ۾ سندن حق حقوق اهي ئي قائم ڪيا ويندا جي عام مسلمانن جا آهن ۽ سلطنت جي ڪاروبار ۾ سندن ۽ مسلمانن جا فرائض به هڪ جهڙا رهندا. هندستان جي ماڻهن کي عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي سهڻن اخلاقن ۽ سندن دينداري ۽ سچي نيڪ نفسي جو احوال به معلوم ٿي چڪو هو.<ref name = " شرر "/>. راجا ڏاهر جو پٽ [[جيسنگھ]] سياسي مصلحت خاطر مسلمان ٿي ويو. مگر هن جي اها ڪارروائي خود لاءِ ئي نقصان واري ٿي. ڇو ته ڀرپاسي وارا سڀئي راجا دل و جان سان اسلام قبول ڪري چڪا هئا، هي ئي وقت آهي جنهن کان وٺي عربي اخلاق ۽ عادتون سنڌ وارن ۾ پيدا ٿيون ۽ انهن عربن جي نالن جهڙا نالا پنهنجي ٻارن جا به رکڻ شروع ڪيا.<ref name = "شرر "/>.حضرت عمر بن عبدالعزيز جيئن يزيد بن مهلب کي بصري ۽ خراسان جي گورنري تان لاٿو، تيئن ساڻن گڏ سندس ڀاءُ حبيب بن مهلب کي به ولايت سنڌ کان معزول ڪري ڇڏيو ۽ ان جي جاءِ تي عمر بن مسلم باهلي کي سنڌ جو حاڪم مقرر ڪيو.<ref name = " شرر "/>. ==سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست== {{سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست}} == حوالا == {{حوالا|2}} jng0jssyrvd97hxal99b7cdyrfu6fyk 373319 373318 2026-04-25T02:08:35Z Intisar Ali 8681 373319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = حبيب بن مهلب |title |image = |succession = سنڌ جو اموي گورنر |predecessor = [[ عامر بن عبدالله]] |successor =[[عمر بن مسلم باھلي]] |regent = سليمان بن عبدالملڪ |reign = 717( 99 ھجري تائين) |spouses = |issue = |full name = |house = |dynasty = بنو اميہ |father = |mother = |birth_name = |birth_date = |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |date of burial = |place of burial = |religion = اسلام }} حبيب بن المهلب الأزدي (وفات 720ع) اموي خلافت ۾ هڪ گورنر ۽ فوجي ڪمانڊر هو ۽ مهلبِي خاندان جو ميمبر هو۔ هن بعد ۾ پنهنجي ڀاءُ يزيد بن المهلب جي بغاوت ۾ حصو ورتو ۽ «جنگِ العقر» ۾ مارجي ويو۔ '''حبيب بن المهلب بن ابي صفره'''، سليمان بن عبدالملڪ جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جو گورنر ٿي آيو. هن جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جي داخلي امن امان کي ڪجهه نقصان پهتو.<ref>ميمڻ عبدالمجيد سنڌي--سنڌ ۽ ملتان جون عربي حڪومتون؛ رسالو:مهراڻ؛ ڇپيندڙ: [[سنڌي ادبي بورڊ]] 1961ع</ref> == نسب == حبيب بن المهلب بن ابي صفرة — جنهن جو نالو ظالم بن سراق بن صبح بن ڪندي بن عمرو بن عدي بن وائل بن الحارث بن العتيڪ بن الأزد الأزدي هو۔<ref>جمهرة أنساب العرب۔ ابن حزم الأندلسي۔ ص 367–368</ref> == سوانح عمري == حبيب فوجي ڪمانڊر المهلب بن ابي صفرة جو پٽ هو، جنهن جي ماتحت هن پنهنجي زندگيءَ جي شروعاتي دور ۾ خدمت ڪئي۔<ref>Al-Tabari, v. 20: p. 174</ref><ref>Al-Tabari, v. 22: p. 28</ref> 686ع ۽ ٻيهر 695ع ۾ هن پنهنجي پيءُ جي فوجي مهمن ۾ حصو ورتو، جن جو مقصد بصره، الأحواز ۽ فارس جي علائقن ۾ ازارقه باغين کي ختم ڪرڻ هو۔ 697ع ۾ جڏهن ازارقه خلاف فوجي ڪارروائيون ختم ٿي ويون، تڏهن حبيب [[خراسان ڪبرىٰ]] ڏانهن ويو، جتي المهلب کي [[الحجاج بن يوسف الثقفي]] طرفان گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو هو۔ ٽي سال پوءِ هن المهلب جي ڪيش (شهرسبز) خلاف فوجي مهم ۾ حصو ورتو۔ هن مهم دوران کيس ربنجن تي حملي جي قيادت لاءِ چونڊيو ويو، پر جڏهن [[بخارا]] جي حاڪم سندس خلاف پيش قدمي ڪئي ته هن پوئتي هٽڻ جو فيصلو ڪيو۔ 702ع ۾ جڏهن المهلب وفات ڪري ويو، تڏهن حبيب پنهنجي پيءُ جي وصيت وصول ڪرڻ لاءِ موجود هو۔ ان کان پوءِ هن فوج جي قيادت سنڀالي ۽ ان کي پنهنجي ننڍي ڀاءُ يزيد ڏانهن وٺي ويو، جنهن کي الحجاج طرفان خراسان جو نئون ۽ تسليم ٿيل گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو هو۔ حبيب ايندڙ ڪجهه سال يزيد جي مدد ڪندو رهيو، پر جڏهن 704ع ۾ يزيد کي معزول ڪيو ويو ته حبيب به پنهنجي عهدي کان محروم ٿي ويو۔ هن عرصي دوران کيس [[ڪرمان]] جو نائب گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو، ۽ هو ان عهدي تي رهيو جيستائين الحجاج سڀني مهلبين کي سندن عهدن تان هٽائي ڇڏيو۔ ان کان پوءِ کيس بصره ۾ الحجاج جي حڪم تي گرفتار ڪيو ويو ۽ تشدد جو نشانو بڻايو ويو، پر خليفي [[الوليد بن عبد الملك]] جي حڪم تي مهلبين کي امان ڏيڻ بعد کيس ڪا وڌيڪ سزا نه ڏني وئي۔ الوليد جي وفات ۽ 715ع ۾ [[سليمان بن عبد الملك]] جي خلافت سنڀالڻ کان پوءِ مهلبين ٻيهر اقتدار ۾ اچي ويا۔ يزيد کي خليفي طرفان عراق جو گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو، جيڪو اڳ الحجاج جو عهدو هو۔ ساڳئي وقت حبيب کي [[سنڌ]] جو گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو، جيڪا علائقو تازو [[محمد بن القاسم الثقفي]] فتح ڪيو هو، ۽ کيس اتي فوجي مهم جاري رکڻ جو حڪم ڏنو ويو۔ صوبي ۾ پهچڻ کان پوءِ حبيب [[درياهه سنڌ]] جي ڪناري تي پنهنجو لشڪرگاهه قائم ڪيو ۽ الرور جي مقامي ماڻهن کان بيعت حاصل ڪرڻ ۾ ڪامياب ٿيو۔ پنهنجي گورنري دوران هن هڪ اڻڄاتل قبيلي سان جنگ ڪري کين شڪست ڏني، پر ڪا وڏي علائقائي ڪاميابي حاصل نه ٿي۔ حبيب سليمان جي خلافت جي سڄي عرصي دوران سنڌ ۾ رهيو۔ 717ع ۾ سليمان جي وفات کان پوءِ مهلبين ٻيهر اقتدار کان محروم ٿي ويا۔ نئين خليفي [[عمر بن عبد العزيز]] يزيد کي عراق مان هٽائي کيس قيد ڪيو۔ حبيب کي به پنهنجي عهدي تان هٽايو ويو، جنهن کان پوءِ هن سنڌ ڇڏي آخرڪار بصره واپس موٽي آيو۔ ==گورنري وارو دور== '''حبيب بن مهلب''':{{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' Habib bin Muhalab'''}} سنڌ ۾ بنو اميه جي عرب خلافت جي گورنر يزيد بن مهلب جو ڀاء جنهن سندس نمائندي طور سنڌ تي حڪومت ڪئي. اعجازالحق قدوسي لکي ٿو ته:[[سليمان بن عبدالملڪ]] حبيب ٻن مهلب کي سنڌ جو گورنر ڪري موڪليو. حبيب سنڌ ۾ پهچڻ شرط ڪيترن ئي باغين کي سزائون ڏئي پنهنجو فرمانبردار بڻايو ۽ اروڙ وارن سندس اطاعت قبول ڪئي ان وقت جيسينا جي ڪري ٻيا سردار به باغي ٿي چُڪا هئا. تنهن ڪري حبيب برهمڻ آباد تي اڃا ڪاهه ڪرڻ جو سوچي رهيو هو ته 20 سفر 99ھ (18 ــ 717ع) ۾ سليمان بن عبدالملڪ وفات ڪري ويو. عمر بن عبدالعزيز نئون خليفو مقرر ٿيو، جنهن حبيب جي ڀاءُ يزيد بن مهلب کي عراق ۽ خراسان جي گورنري ۽ حبيب کي سنڌ جي گورنري تان خيانت جي ڏوهه ۾ هٽائي ڪري جيل اماڻي ڇڏيو<ref>{ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ سنڌ جي تاريخ مصنف؛ اعجاز الحق قدوسي ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2007ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي {{cite web|url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/catalogue/History/Book7/Book_page2.html}} }</ref> يعقوبي مطابق محمد بن قاسم جهڙي جوان مرد ۽ فياض سردار کان بيقصور حڪومت جي واڳ کسي وٺڻ ۽ ساڻس هيڏي بيدردي جو برتاءُ ڪرڻ، ان عبرت انگيز بيقدري کان ماڻهن ۾ طرح طرح جون بدگمانيون پيدا ٿي ويون، عربن مان فقط اهي ماڻهو سر زمين سنڌ ۾ رهجي ويا جيڪي هتي ويهي رهيا هئا ۽ جن کي جاگيرون ڏنيون ويون هيون مگر مجاهدين جي اها زبردست جماعت جا فقط محمد بن قاسم جي پٺيان پنهنجا گهر ٻار ڇڏي غريب الوطني ۾ پنهنجون جانيون قربان ڪرڻ لاءِ تيار هئي. سا ٽڙي پکڙي ويئي، ۽ انهي جماعت جا سڀ ماڻهو هن ملڪ کي ڇڏي پنهنجي پنهنجي وطن ڏي هليا ويا ۽ هندستان جو ميدان مجاهدن کان بلڪل خالي ٿي ويو<ref name =" شرر " > ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ سنڌ جي تاريخ :مصنف؛ مولانا الحليم ”شرر“: سنڌيڪار؛ فقير اشرف علي سمون: ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2005ع، 2007ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي </ref>. بلاذري مطابق انهن ڏينهن ۾ سليمان ابن عبدالملڪ بصري جي حڪومت يزيد بن مهلب جي حوالي ڪئي هئي. ان کي جڏهن معلوم ٿيو ته سنڌ جي حالت خراب ٿي رهي آهي، تڏهن هن پنهنجي ڀاءُ حبيب بن مهلب کي سنڌ جو والي مقرر ڪري سنڌ ڏانهن روانو ڪيو. جو اڃا سر زمين سنڌ ۾ پهتو ئي مس ته راجا ڏاهر جو پٽ جيسنگهه جو غالباً ڪشمير کان واپس اچي ويو سو، برهمڻ آباد ۾ داخل ٿي ويو. حبيب سنڌ ۾ داخل ٿي سنڌو درياءَ جي ڪناري منزل انداز ٿيو. الور وارن سندس اطاعت قبول ڪئي مگر ڪي ماڻهو وڙهڻ لاءِ تيار ٿيا،جن کي حبيب پڪڙي، بغاوت جي ڏوه ۾ پوري پوري سزا ڏني.<ref name = "شرر "/><ref> ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ تاريخ سنڌ (پنج ڀاڱا گڏ) مصنف؛ مولوي نور محمد نظاماڻي, عبدالغني عبدالله, محمد صديق ”مسافر“ ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2006ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي ڪاپي رائيٽ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي </ref>. انهي زماني ۾ چيو وڃي ٿو ته ڪو وقت عامر بن عبدالله به سنڌ جو والي رهيو مگر بلاذري ۽ يعقوبي جن تي گهڻو ڀروسو ڪري ٿو سگهجي، توڙي ٻيا قابل اعتبار مؤرخ به هن بابت ڪجهه نٿا لکن تنهنڪري اسان جي نزديڪ هيءَ ڳالهه نه ايتري قدر ڀروسي جهڙي آهي نه مڃڻ جي لائق.<ref name = "شرر "/>.ابن اثير، ابن خلدون ۽ بلاذري مطابق حبيب اڃان سنڌو دريا جي ڪناري تي ئي لٿو پيو هو ته خليفي سليمان وڃي قبر ۾ جاءِ ورتي ۽ عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي عالمانه ۽ ديندارانه خلافت شروع ٿي. جنهن گادي تي ويهڻ شرط يزيد بن مهلب کي ان ڪري بصري ۽ خراسان جي گورنري کان موقوف ڪري ڇڏيو جو هو نهايت هٺيلو هو ۽ سندس عزيز و قريب ڏاڍا ظالم ۽ ناخدا ترس هئا. عراق جي والي عدي بن ارطات کي لکيائين ته يزيد بن مهلب کي هڪدم گرفتار ڪري وٺي. عدي انهي حڪم جي تعميل لاءِ موسى بن حليسبه حميري کي روانو ڪيو. جنهن پهچڻ شرط يزيد کي گرفتار ڪري خليفي عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي درٻار ۾ موڪلي ڏنو. خليفي، يزيد کان اها رقم طلب ڪئي جنهن جي نسبت هن گذريل خليفي سليمان کي لکيو هو ته ”جرجان کان خزانو وصول ٿيو آهي ۽ عنقريب روانو ڪندس“ يزيد انڪار ڪيو ۽ چيائين ته ”مون هونئن کڻي خليفي مرحوم کي لکي ڇڏيو هو. ڇو ته مون ڀانيو ٿي ته نه خليفي صاحب جن مون کان گهرندا ۽ نه مون کي موڪلڻا ئي پوندا.“ عمر بن عبدالعزيز چيو ته ”هي مسلمانن جو مال آهي، ان ۾ ليمان کي خواه مون کي معاف ڪرڻ جو ڪو حق حاصل نه آهي، پوءِ يزيد بن مهلب سان عمر بن عبدالعزيز اهو ئي برتاءُ ڪيو جو محمد بن قاسم سان ڪيو ويو هو. هن کيس قيدخاني ۾ موڪلي ڏنو جو تيسين اتي پيو هو جيسين يزيد بن عبدالملڪ جي خلافت شروع ٿي. ان وقت وجهه وٺي هو قيدخاني مان نڪي ڀڄي ويو ۽ آخر وڏي مشڪلات سان ڪيترين خونريزين بعد سنه 102 هجري ۾ مارجي ويو.<ref name = " شرر "/>بلاذري لکي ٿو تہ:خليفي عمر بن عبدالعزيز پنهنجي زماني ۾ هڪ نئين ۽ نهايت عمدي ڪارروائي ڪئي، جنهن مان دراصل اها مراد هئي ته حجت پوري ڪئي وڃي. سنه 100 هجري ۾ هندستان جي سڀني راجائن ڏي خط موڪليا، جنهن ۾ اول انهن کي دين اسلام جي طرف دعوت ڏني ويئي هئي، ۽ انڪاري صورت ۾ سڀني کي هدايت ڪئي ويئي هئي ته اسلام جي جهنڊي اڳيان مٿو جهڪائين، ان سان گڏ هي به ٻڌايو ويو هون ته انهي صورت ۾ سندن حق حقوق اهي ئي قائم ڪيا ويندا جي عام مسلمانن جا آهن ۽ سلطنت جي ڪاروبار ۾ سندن ۽ مسلمانن جا فرائض به هڪ جهڙا رهندا. هندستان جي ماڻهن کي عمر بن عبدالعزيز جي سهڻن اخلاقن ۽ سندن دينداري ۽ سچي نيڪ نفسي جو احوال به معلوم ٿي چڪو هو.<ref name = " شرر "/>. راجا ڏاهر جو پٽ [[جيسنگھ]] سياسي مصلحت خاطر مسلمان ٿي ويو. مگر هن جي اها ڪارروائي خود لاءِ ئي نقصان واري ٿي. ڇو ته ڀرپاسي وارا سڀئي راجا دل و جان سان اسلام قبول ڪري چڪا هئا، هي ئي وقت آهي جنهن کان وٺي عربي اخلاق ۽ عادتون سنڌ وارن ۾ پيدا ٿيون ۽ انهن عربن جي نالن جهڙا نالا پنهنجي ٻارن جا به رکڻ شروع ڪيا.<ref name = "شرر "/>.حضرت عمر بن عبدالعزيز جيئن يزيد بن مهلب کي بصري ۽ خراسان جي گورنري تان لاٿو، تيئن ساڻن گڏ سندس ڀاءُ حبيب بن مهلب کي به ولايت سنڌ کان معزول ڪري ڇڏيو ۽ ان جي جاءِ تي عمر بن مسلم باهلي کي سنڌ جو حاڪم مقرر ڪيو.<ref name = " شرر "/>. ==سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست== {{سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست}} == حوالا == {{حوالا|2}} sk8qstv65rea6stnfi7tsvakx1bqetw 373320 373319 2026-04-25T02:13:02Z Intisar Ali 8681 373320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = حبيب بن مهلب |title |image = |succession = سنڌ جو اموي گورنر |predecessor = [[ عامر بن عبدالله]] |successor =[[عمر بن مسلم باھلي]] |regent = سليمان بن عبدالملڪ |reign = 717( 99 ھجري تائين) |spouses = |issue = |full name = |house = |dynasty = بنو اميہ |father = |mother = |birth_name = |birth_date = |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |date of burial = |place of burial = |religion = اسلام }} حبيب بن المهلب الأزدي (وفات 720ع) اموي خلافت ۾ هڪ گورنر ۽ فوجي ڪمانڊر هو ۽ مهلبِي خاندان جو ميمبر هو۔ هن بعد ۾ پنهنجي ڀاءُ يزيد بن المهلب جي بغاوت ۾ حصو ورتو ۽ «جنگِ العقر» ۾ مارجي ويو۔ '''حبيب بن المهلب بن ابي صفره'''، سليمان بن عبدالملڪ جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جو گورنر ٿي آيو. هن جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جي داخلي امن امان کي ڪجهه نقصان پهتو.<ref>ميمڻ عبدالمجيد سنڌي--سنڌ ۽ ملتان جون عربي حڪومتون؛ رسالو:مهراڻ؛ ڇپيندڙ: [[سنڌي ادبي بورڊ]] 1961ع</ref> == نسب == حبيب بن المهلب بن ابي صفرة — جنهن جو نالو ظالم بن سراق بن صبح بن ڪندي بن عمرو بن عدي بن وائل بن الحارث بن العتيڪ بن الأزد الأزدي هو۔<ref>جمهرة أنساب العرب۔ ابن حزم الأندلسي۔ ص 367–368</ref> == سوانح عمري == حبيب فوجي ڪمانڊر المهلب بن ابي صفرة جو پٽ هو، جنهن جي ماتحت هن پنهنجي زندگيءَ جي شروعاتي دور ۾ خدمت ڪئي۔<ref>Al-Tabari, v. 20: p. 174</ref><ref>Al-Tabari, v. 22: p. 28</ref> 686ع ۽ ٻيهر 695ع ۾ هن پنهنجي پيءُ جي فوجي مهمن ۾ حصو ورتو، جن جو مقصد بصره، الأحواز ۽ فارس جي علائقن ۾ ازارقه باغين کي ختم ڪرڻ هو۔ 697ع ۾ جڏهن ازارقه خلاف فوجي ڪارروائيون ختم ٿي ويون، تڏهن حبيب [[خراسان ڪبرىٰ]] ڏانهن ويو، جتي المهلب کي [[الحجاج بن يوسف الثقفي]] طرفان گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو هو۔ ٽي سال پوءِ هن المهلب جي ڪيش (شهرسبز) خلاف فوجي مهم ۾ حصو ورتو۔ هن مهم دوران کيس ربنجن تي حملي جي قيادت لاءِ چونڊيو ويو، پر جڏهن [[بخارا]] جي حاڪم سندس خلاف پيش قدمي ڪئي ته هن پوئتي هٽڻ جو فيصلو ڪيو۔ 702ع ۾ جڏهن المهلب وفات ڪري ويو، تڏهن حبيب پنهنجي پيءُ جي وصيت وصول ڪرڻ لاءِ موجود هو۔ ان کان پوءِ هن فوج جي قيادت سنڀالي ۽ ان کي پنهنجي ننڍي ڀاءُ يزيد ڏانهن وٺي ويو، جنهن کي الحجاج طرفان خراسان جو نئون ۽ تسليم ٿيل گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو هو۔ حبيب ايندڙ ڪجهه سال يزيد جي مدد ڪندو رهيو، پر جڏهن 704ع ۾ يزيد کي معزول ڪيو ويو ته حبيب به پنهنجي عهدي کان محروم ٿي ويو۔ هن عرصي دوران کيس [[ڪرمان]] جو نائب گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو، ۽ هو ان عهدي تي رهيو جيستائين الحجاج سڀني مهلبين کي سندن عهدن تان هٽائي ڇڏيو۔ ان کان پوءِ کيس بصره ۾ الحجاج جي حڪم تي گرفتار ڪيو ويو ۽ تشدد جو نشانو بڻايو ويو، پر خليفي [[الوليد بن عبد الملك]] جي حڪم تي مهلبين کي امان ڏيڻ بعد کيس ڪا وڌيڪ سزا نه ڏني وئي۔ الوليد جي وفات ۽ 715ع ۾ [[سليمان بن عبد الملك]] جي خلافت سنڀالڻ کان پوءِ مهلبين ٻيهر اقتدار ۾ اچي ويا۔ يزيد کي خليفي طرفان عراق جو گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو، جيڪو اڳ الحجاج جو عهدو هو۔ ساڳئي وقت حبيب کي [[سنڌ]] جو گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو، جيڪا علائقو تازو [[محمد بن القاسم الثقفي]] فتح ڪيو هو، ۽ کيس اتي فوجي مهم جاري رکڻ جو حڪم ڏنو ويو۔ صوبي ۾ پهچڻ کان پوءِ حبيب [[درياهه سنڌ]] جي ڪناري تي پنهنجو لشڪرگاهه قائم ڪيو ۽ الرور جي مقامي ماڻهن کان بيعت حاصل ڪرڻ ۾ ڪامياب ٿيو۔ پنهنجي گورنري دوران هن هڪ اڻڄاتل قبيلي سان جنگ ڪري کين شڪست ڏني، پر ڪا وڏي علائقائي ڪاميابي حاصل نه ٿي۔ حبيب سليمان جي خلافت جي سڄي عرصي دوران سنڌ ۾ رهيو۔ 717ع ۾ سليمان جي وفات کان پوءِ مهلبين ٻيهر اقتدار کان محروم ٿي ويا۔ نئين خليفي [[عمر بن عبد العزيز]] يزيد کي عراق مان هٽائي کيس قيد ڪيو۔ حبيب کي به پنهنجي عهدي تان هٽايو ويو، جنهن کان پوءِ هن سنڌ ڇڏي آخرڪار بصره واپس موٽي آيو۔ == گورنري وارو دور جا واقعا == '''حبيب بن مهلب''' ({{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي=Habib bin Muhalab}}) بنو اميه جي خلافت دوران سنڌ جو گورنر رهيو، جيڪو پنهنجي ڀاءُ [[يزيد بن مهلب]] جي نمائندي طور هتي حڪومت ڪندو هو۔ مختلف تاريخي ماخذن موجب سندس مقرري [[سليمان بن عبدالملڪ]] جي دور خلافت ۾ ٿي، جنهن کيس سنڌ جو والي مقرر ڪري موڪليو۔<ref>{ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ سنڌ جي تاريخ مصنف؛ اعجاز الحق قدوسي ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2007ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي {{cite web|url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/catalogue/History/Book7/Book_page2.html}} }</ref> سنڌ ۾ پهچڻ کان پوءِ حبيب باغين خلاف سخت ڪارروائيون ڪيون ۽ ڪيترن ئي مخالفن کي سزائون ڏئي علائقي کي پنهنجي تابع بڻايو۔ [[اروڙ]] جي رهواسين سندس اطاعت قبول ڪئي، جڏهن ته ڪجهه مقامي سردارن مزاحمت جاري رکي، جن کي گرفتار ڪري بغاوت جي ڏوهه ۾ سزا ڏني وئي۔<ref name = "شرر "/><ref> ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ تاريخ سنڌ (پنج ڀاڱا گڏ) مصنف؛ مولوي نور محمد نظاماڻي, عبدالغني عبدالله, محمد صديق ”مسافر“ ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2006ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي ڪاپي رائيٽ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي </ref> ساڳئي وقت [[راجا ڏاهر]] جو پٽ [[جيسنگھ]]، جيڪو غالباً ڪشمير مان واپس آيو هو، [[برهمڻ آباد]] ۾ داخل ٿيو ۽ سياسي حالتن کي وڌيڪ پيچيده بڻايو۔ حبيب برهمڻ آباد تي فوجي مهم هلائڻ جو ارادو رکيو، پر 20 صفر 99ھ (717ع) تي خليفي سليمان بن عبدالملڪ جي وفات سبب سياسي صورتحال تبديل ٿي وئي۔<ref name = "شرر "/> نئين خليفي [[عمر بن عبدالعزيز]] اقتدار سنڀالڻ کان پوءِ انتظامي تبديليون ڪيون۔ هن [[يزيد بن مهلب]] کي عراق ۽ خراسان جي گورنري تان هٽائي قيد ڪيو، ۽ ساڳئي وقت حبيب بن مهلب کي به سنڌ جي گورنري تان معزول ڪري ڇڏيو۔<ref name = " شرر "/> ان جي جاءِ تي [[عمر بن مسلم باهلي]] کي سنڌ جو نئون حاڪم مقرر ڪيو ويو۔<ref name = " شرر "/> بلاذري، يعقوبي ۽ ٻين مؤرخن مطابق، حبيب جي سنڌ ۾ موجودگي دوران هو سنڌو درياءَ جي ڪناري تي لشڪرگاهه قائم ڪري رهيو هو، جتي کيس مقامي ماڻهن جي اطاعت حاصل ٿي۔ تنهن هوندي به، سياسي بيچيني ۽ خلافت ۾ تبديلين سبب سندس حڪمراني مختصر رهي۔<ref name = "شرر "/> انهيءَ دور ۾ خليفي عمر بن عبدالعزيز هندستان جي مختلف راجائن ڏانهن خط موڪلي اسلام قبول ڪرڻ يا خلافت جي اطاعت اختيار ڪرڻ جي دعوت ڏني۔ سندس نرم مزاجي، انصاف ۽ دينداري سبب ڪيترن علائقن ۾ مثبت اثر پيو ۽ مقامي آباديءَ ۾ عرب اثرات وڌڻ لڳا۔<ref name = " شرر "/> ڪجهه روايتن موجب، [[جيسنگھ]] سياسي مصلحت تحت اسلام قبول ڪيو، پر ان جو نتيجو سندس لاءِ نقصانڪار ثابت ٿيو، ڇاڪاڻ ته ڀرپاسي جا حڪمران اڳ ئي اسلام قبول ڪري چڪا هئا۔ ان دور کان پوءِ سنڌ ۾ عربي ثقافت، نالن ۽ رواجن جو اثر نمايان ٿيڻ لڳو۔<ref name = "شرر "/> مجموعي طور، حبيب بن مهلب جو سنڌ ۾ دور حڪومت سياسي تبديلين، فوجي ڪارروائين ۽ خلافت جي مرڪزي پاليسين سان گهڻو متاثر رهيو، جنهن سبب سندس انتظامي اثر محدود مدت تائين برقرار رهيو۔ ==سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست== {{سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست}} == حوالا == {{حوالا|2}} p3qoex643225y5vbabo2pjdrz8xxl6s 373321 373320 2026-04-25T02:18:26Z Intisar Ali 8681 373321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = حبيب بن مهلب |title |image = |succession = سنڌ جو اموي گورنر |predecessor = [[ عامر بن عبدالله]] |successor =[[عمر بن مسلم باھلي]] |regent = سليمان بن عبدالملڪ |reign = 717( 99 ھجري تائين) |spouses = |issue = |full name = |house = |dynasty = بنو اميہ |father = |mother = |birth_name = |birth_date = |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |date of burial = |place of burial = |religion = اسلام }} حبيب بن المهلب الأزدي (وفات 720ع) اموي خلافت ۾ هڪ گورنر ۽ فوجي ڪمانڊر هو ۽ مهلبِي خاندان جو ميمبر هو۔ هن بعد ۾ پنهنجي ڀاءُ يزيد بن المهلب جي بغاوت ۾ حصو ورتو ۽ «جنگِ العقر» ۾ مارجي ويو۔ '''حبيب بن المهلب بن ابي صفره'''، سليمان بن عبدالملڪ جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جو گورنر ٿي آيو. هن جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جي داخلي امن امان کي ڪجهه نقصان پهتو.<ref>ميمڻ عبدالمجيد سنڌي--سنڌ ۽ ملتان جون عربي حڪومتون؛ رسالو:مهراڻ؛ ڇپيندڙ: [[سنڌي ادبي بورڊ]] 1961ع</ref> == نسب == حبيب بن المهلب بن ابي صفرة — جنهن جو نالو ظالم بن سراق بن صبح بن ڪندي بن عمرو بن عدي بن وائل بن الحارث بن العتيڪ بن الأزد الأزدي هو۔<ref>جمهرة أنساب العرب۔ ابن حزم الأندلسي۔ ص 367–368</ref> == سوانح عمري == حبيب فوجي ڪمانڊر المهلب بن ابي صفرة جو پٽ هو، جنهن جي ماتحت هن پنهنجي زندگيءَ جي شروعاتي دور ۾ خدمت ڪئي۔<ref>Al-Tabari, v. 20: p. 174</ref><ref>Al-Tabari, v. 22: p. 28</ref> 686ع ۽ ٻيهر 695ع ۾ هن پنهنجي پيءُ جي فوجي مهمن ۾ حصو ورتو، جن جو مقصد بصره، الأحواز ۽ فارس جي علائقن ۾ ازارقه باغين کي ختم ڪرڻ هو۔ 697ع ۾ جڏهن ازارقه خلاف فوجي ڪارروائيون ختم ٿي ويون، تڏهن حبيب [[خراسان ڪبرىٰ]] ڏانهن ويو، جتي المهلب کي [[الحجاج بن يوسف الثقفي]] طرفان گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو هو۔ ٽي سال پوءِ هن المهلب جي ڪيش (شهرسبز) خلاف فوجي مهم ۾ حصو ورتو۔ هن مهم دوران کيس ربنجن تي حملي جي قيادت لاءِ چونڊيو ويو، پر جڏهن [[بخارا]] جي حاڪم سندس خلاف پيش قدمي ڪئي ته هن پوئتي هٽڻ جو فيصلو ڪيو۔ 702ع ۾ جڏهن المهلب وفات ڪري ويو، تڏهن حبيب پنهنجي پيءُ جي وصيت وصول ڪرڻ لاءِ موجود هو۔ ان کان پوءِ هن فوج جي قيادت سنڀالي ۽ ان کي پنهنجي ننڍي ڀاءُ يزيد ڏانهن وٺي ويو، جنهن کي الحجاج طرفان خراسان جو نئون ۽ تسليم ٿيل گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو هو۔ حبيب ايندڙ ڪجهه سال يزيد جي مدد ڪندو رهيو، پر جڏهن 704ع ۾ يزيد کي معزول ڪيو ويو ته حبيب به پنهنجي عهدي کان محروم ٿي ويو۔ هن عرصي دوران کيس [[ڪرمان]] جو نائب گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو، ۽ هو ان عهدي تي رهيو جيستائين الحجاج سڀني مهلبين کي سندن عهدن تان هٽائي ڇڏيو۔ ان کان پوءِ کيس بصره ۾ الحجاج جي حڪم تي گرفتار ڪيو ويو ۽ تشدد جو نشانو بڻايو ويو، پر خليفي [[الوليد بن عبد الملك]] جي حڪم تي مهلبين کي امان ڏيڻ بعد کيس ڪا وڌيڪ سزا نه ڏني وئي۔ الوليد جي وفات ۽ 715ع ۾ [[سليمان بن عبد الملك]] جي خلافت سنڀالڻ کان پوءِ مهلبين ٻيهر اقتدار ۾ اچي ويا۔ يزيد کي خليفي طرفان عراق جو گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو، جيڪو اڳ الحجاج جو عهدو هو۔ ساڳئي وقت حبيب کي [[سنڌ]] جو گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو، جيڪا علائقو تازو [[محمد بن القاسم الثقفي]] فتح ڪيو هو، ۽ کيس اتي فوجي مهم جاري رکڻ جو حڪم ڏنو ويو۔ صوبي ۾ پهچڻ کان پوءِ حبيب [[درياهه سنڌ]] جي ڪناري تي پنهنجو لشڪرگاهه قائم ڪيو ۽ الرور جي مقامي ماڻهن کان بيعت حاصل ڪرڻ ۾ ڪامياب ٿيو۔ پنهنجي گورنري دوران هن هڪ اڻڄاتل قبيلي سان جنگ ڪري کين شڪست ڏني، پر ڪا وڏي علائقائي ڪاميابي حاصل نه ٿي۔ حبيب سليمان جي خلافت جي سڄي عرصي دوران سنڌ ۾ رهيو۔ 717ع ۾ سليمان جي وفات کان پوءِ مهلبين ٻيهر اقتدار کان محروم ٿي ويا۔ نئين خليفي [[عمر بن عبد العزيز]] يزيد کي عراق مان هٽائي کيس قيد ڪيو۔ حبيب کي به پنهنجي عهدي تان هٽايو ويو، جنهن کان پوءِ هن سنڌ ڇڏي آخرڪار بصره واپس موٽي آيو۔ == گورنري وارو دور جا واقعا == '''حبيب بن مهلب''' ({{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي=Habib bin Muhalab}}) بنو اميه جي خلافت دوران سنڌ جو گورنر رهيو، جيڪو پنهنجي ڀاءُ [[يزيد بن مهلب]] جي نمائندي طور هتي حڪومت ڪندو هو۔ مختلف تاريخي ماخذن موجب سندس مقرري [[سليمان بن عبدالملڪ]] جي دور خلافت ۾ ٿي، جنهن کيس سنڌ جو والي مقرر ڪري موڪليو۔<ref>{ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ سنڌ جي تاريخ مصنف؛ اعجاز الحق قدوسي ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2007ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي {{cite web|url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/catalogue/History/Book7/Book_page2.html}} }</ref> سنڌ ۾ پهچڻ کان پوءِ حبيب باغين خلاف سخت ڪارروائيون ڪيون ۽ ڪيترن ئي مخالفن کي سزائون ڏئي علائقي کي پنهنجي تابع بڻايو۔ [[اروڙ]] جي رهواسين سندس اطاعت قبول ڪئي، جڏهن ته ڪجهه مقامي سردارن مزاحمت جاري رکي، جن کي گرفتار ڪري بغاوت جي ڏوهه ۾ سزا ڏني وئي۔<ref name = "شرر "/><ref> ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ تاريخ سنڌ (پنج ڀاڱا گڏ) مصنف؛ مولوي نور محمد نظاماڻي, عبدالغني عبدالله, محمد صديق ”مسافر“ ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2006ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي ڪاپي رائيٽ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي </ref> ساڳئي وقت [[راجا ڏاهر]] جو پٽ [[جيسنگھ]]، جيڪو غالباً ڪشمير مان واپس آيو هو، [[برهمڻ آباد]] ۾ داخل ٿيو ۽ سياسي حالتن کي وڌيڪ پيچيده بڻايو۔ حبيب برهمڻ آباد تي فوجي مهم هلائڻ جو ارادو رکيو، پر 20 صفر 99ھ (717ع) تي خليفي سليمان بن عبدالملڪ جي وفات سبب سياسي صورتحال تبديل ٿي وئي۔<ref name = "شرر "/> نئين خليفي [[عمر بن عبدالعزيز]] اقتدار سنڀالڻ کان پوءِ انتظامي تبديليون ڪيون۔ هن [[يزيد بن مهلب]] کي عراق ۽ خراسان جي گورنري تان هٽائي قيد ڪيو، ۽ ساڳئي وقت حبيب بن مهلب کي به سنڌ جي گورنري تان معزول ڪري ڇڏيو۔<ref name = " شرر "/> ان جي جاءِ تي [[عمر بن مسلم باهلي]] کي سنڌ جو نئون حاڪم مقرر ڪيو ويو۔<ref name = " شرر "/> بلاذري، يعقوبي ۽ ٻين مؤرخن مطابق، حبيب جي سنڌ ۾ موجودگي دوران هو سنڌو درياءَ جي ڪناري تي لشڪرگاهه قائم ڪري رهيو هو، جتي کيس مقامي ماڻهن جي اطاعت حاصل ٿي۔ تنهن هوندي به، سياسي بيچيني ۽ خلافت ۾ تبديلين سبب سندس حڪمراني مختصر رهي۔<ref name = "شرر "/> انهيءَ دور ۾ خليفي عمر بن عبدالعزيز هندستان جي مختلف راجائن ڏانهن خط موڪلي اسلام قبول ڪرڻ يا خلافت جي اطاعت اختيار ڪرڻ جي دعوت ڏني۔ سندس نرم مزاجي، انصاف ۽ دينداري سبب ڪيترن علائقن ۾ مثبت اثر پيو ۽ مقامي آباديءَ ۾ عرب اثرات وڌڻ لڳا۔<ref name = " شرر "/> ڪجهه روايتن موجب، [[جيسنگھ]] سياسي مصلحت تحت اسلام قبول ڪيو، پر ان جو نتيجو سندس لاءِ نقصانڪار ثابت ٿيو، ڇاڪاڻ ته ڀرپاسي جا حڪمران اڳ ئي اسلام قبول ڪري چڪا هئا۔ ان دور کان پوءِ سنڌ ۾ عربي ثقافت، نالن ۽ رواجن جو اثر نمايان ٿيڻ لڳو۔<ref name = "شرر "/> مجموعي طور، حبيب بن مهلب جو سنڌ ۾ دور حڪومت سياسي تبديلين، فوجي ڪارروائين ۽ خلافت جي مرڪزي پاليسين سان گهڻو متاثر رهيو، جنهن سبب سندس انتظامي اثر محدود مدت تائين برقرار رهيو۔ == يزيد بن مهلب جي بغاوت == خليفي [[عمر بن عبدالعزيز]] جي وفات فيبروري 720ع ۾ ٿي۔ لڳ ڀڳ ساڳئي وقت [[يزيد بن مهلب]] قيد مان فرار ٿي عراق موٽڻ جو فيصلو ڪيو۔ ان وقت حبيب [[بصره]] ۾ پنهنجي ڀائرن [[المفضل بن مهلب]]، [[مروان بن مهلب]] ۽ [[عبدالملڪ بن مهلب]] سان گڏ موجود هو۔ جڏهن يزيد جي فرار ٿيڻ جي خبر بصره پهتي، تڏهن شهر جي والي [[عدي بن أرطأة الفزاري]] احتياطي قدم طور مهلبي خاندان جي ماڻهن کي گرفتار ڪرڻ جو حڪم ڏنو۔ ٿوري ئي وقت بعد يزيد پنهنجي لشڪر سان بصره پهتو ۽ شهر جو گهيرو ڪيو۔ شهر جا محافظ شڪست کائي ويا، مهلبي خاندان اقتدار تي قبضو ڪري ورتو، ۽ حبيب پنهنجي ڀائرن سميت قيد مان آزاد ٿي يزيد جي خلافت خلاف بغاوت ۾ شامل ٿي ويو<ref>{{ويب حوالو |url=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/حبيب_بن_المهلب |عنوان=حبيب بن المهلب |موقع=وڪيپيڊيا (عربي) |ٻولي=عربي |حاصل ڪيل تاريخ=25 اپريل 2026 }}</ref>۔ اڳين مهينن دوران حبيب يزيد سان گڏ رهيو، جنهن عراق ۾ پنهنجي حيثيت کي مضبوط ڪيو۔ جڏهن اها خبر پهتي ته [[مسلمة بن عبدالملڪ]] جي اڳواڻي ۾ هڪ لشڪر [[شام]] کان اڳتي وڌي رهيو آهي، تڏهن حبيب پنهنجي ڀاءُ کي صلاح ڏني ته يا ته [[فارس]] ڏانهن هٽي وڃي، جتي جبلن ۾ محفوظ پناهه گاهه قائم ڪري سگهجي ٿي، يا پنهنجي فوج جو ڪجهه حصو [[جزيرة الفراتية]] ڏانهن موڪلي دشمن جو مقابلو ڪيو وڃي۔ پر يزيد ٻنهي تجويزن کي رد ڪندي عراق ۾ رهڻ تي زور ڏنو۔ جڏهن اموي ۽ مهلبي لشڪر آگسٽ 720ع ۾ [[العقر]] جي ميدان ۾ آمهون سامهون ٿيا، تڏهن حبيب کي پنهنجي ڀاءُ جي فوج جي ساڄي پاسي (ميمنة) جي قيادت سونپي وئي۔ هن جنگ دوران، پنهنجي ڀاءُ يزيد جي وفات کان ٿوري وقت اڳ، حبيب پڻ مارجي ويو<ref>{{ويب حوالو |url=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/حبيب_بن_المهلب |عنوان=حبيب بن المهلب |موقع=وڪيپيڊيا (عربي) |ٻولي=عربي |حاصل ڪيل تاريخ=25 اپريل 2026 }}</ref>۔ ==سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست== {{سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست}} == حوالا == {{حوالا|2}} kcupsholflvb2awoz12q9u0xggpuyby 373322 373321 2026-04-25T02:21:44Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* يزيد بن مهلب جي بغاوت */ 373322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = حبيب بن مهلب |title |image = |succession = سنڌ جو اموي گورنر |predecessor = [[ عامر بن عبدالله]] |successor =[[عمر بن مسلم باھلي]] |regent = سليمان بن عبدالملڪ |reign = 717( 99 ھجري تائين) |spouses = |issue = |full name = |house = |dynasty = بنو اميہ |father = |mother = |birth_name = |birth_date = |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |date of burial = |place of burial = |religion = اسلام }} حبيب بن المهلب الأزدي (وفات 720ع) اموي خلافت ۾ هڪ گورنر ۽ فوجي ڪمانڊر هو ۽ مهلبِي خاندان جو ميمبر هو۔ هن بعد ۾ پنهنجي ڀاءُ يزيد بن المهلب جي بغاوت ۾ حصو ورتو ۽ «جنگِ العقر» ۾ مارجي ويو۔ '''حبيب بن المهلب بن ابي صفره'''، سليمان بن عبدالملڪ جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جو گورنر ٿي آيو. هن جي ڏينهن ۾ سنڌ جي داخلي امن امان کي ڪجهه نقصان پهتو.<ref>ميمڻ عبدالمجيد سنڌي--سنڌ ۽ ملتان جون عربي حڪومتون؛ رسالو:مهراڻ؛ ڇپيندڙ: [[سنڌي ادبي بورڊ]] 1961ع</ref> == نسب == حبيب بن المهلب بن ابي صفرة — جنهن جو نالو ظالم بن سراق بن صبح بن ڪندي بن عمرو بن عدي بن وائل بن الحارث بن العتيڪ بن الأزد الأزدي هو۔<ref>جمهرة أنساب العرب۔ ابن حزم الأندلسي۔ ص 367–368</ref> == سوانح عمري == حبيب فوجي ڪمانڊر المهلب بن ابي صفرة جو پٽ هو، جنهن جي ماتحت هن پنهنجي زندگيءَ جي شروعاتي دور ۾ خدمت ڪئي۔<ref>Al-Tabari, v. 20: p. 174</ref><ref>Al-Tabari, v. 22: p. 28</ref> 686ع ۽ ٻيهر 695ع ۾ هن پنهنجي پيءُ جي فوجي مهمن ۾ حصو ورتو، جن جو مقصد بصره، الأحواز ۽ فارس جي علائقن ۾ ازارقه باغين کي ختم ڪرڻ هو۔ 697ع ۾ جڏهن ازارقه خلاف فوجي ڪارروائيون ختم ٿي ويون، تڏهن حبيب [[خراسان ڪبرىٰ]] ڏانهن ويو، جتي المهلب کي [[الحجاج بن يوسف الثقفي]] طرفان گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو هو۔ ٽي سال پوءِ هن المهلب جي ڪيش (شهرسبز) خلاف فوجي مهم ۾ حصو ورتو۔ هن مهم دوران کيس ربنجن تي حملي جي قيادت لاءِ چونڊيو ويو، پر جڏهن [[بخارا]] جي حاڪم سندس خلاف پيش قدمي ڪئي ته هن پوئتي هٽڻ جو فيصلو ڪيو۔ 702ع ۾ جڏهن المهلب وفات ڪري ويو، تڏهن حبيب پنهنجي پيءُ جي وصيت وصول ڪرڻ لاءِ موجود هو۔ ان کان پوءِ هن فوج جي قيادت سنڀالي ۽ ان کي پنهنجي ننڍي ڀاءُ يزيد ڏانهن وٺي ويو، جنهن کي الحجاج طرفان خراسان جو نئون ۽ تسليم ٿيل گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو هو۔ حبيب ايندڙ ڪجهه سال يزيد جي مدد ڪندو رهيو، پر جڏهن 704ع ۾ يزيد کي معزول ڪيو ويو ته حبيب به پنهنجي عهدي کان محروم ٿي ويو۔ هن عرصي دوران کيس [[ڪرمان]] جو نائب گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو، ۽ هو ان عهدي تي رهيو جيستائين الحجاج سڀني مهلبين کي سندن عهدن تان هٽائي ڇڏيو۔ ان کان پوءِ کيس بصره ۾ الحجاج جي حڪم تي گرفتار ڪيو ويو ۽ تشدد جو نشانو بڻايو ويو، پر خليفي [[الوليد بن عبد الملك]] جي حڪم تي مهلبين کي امان ڏيڻ بعد کيس ڪا وڌيڪ سزا نه ڏني وئي۔ الوليد جي وفات ۽ 715ع ۾ [[سليمان بن عبد الملك]] جي خلافت سنڀالڻ کان پوءِ مهلبين ٻيهر اقتدار ۾ اچي ويا۔ يزيد کي خليفي طرفان عراق جو گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو، جيڪو اڳ الحجاج جو عهدو هو۔ ساڳئي وقت حبيب کي [[سنڌ]] جو گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو، جيڪا علائقو تازو [[محمد بن القاسم الثقفي]] فتح ڪيو هو، ۽ کيس اتي فوجي مهم جاري رکڻ جو حڪم ڏنو ويو۔ صوبي ۾ پهچڻ کان پوءِ حبيب [[درياهه سنڌ]] جي ڪناري تي پنهنجو لشڪرگاهه قائم ڪيو ۽ الرور جي مقامي ماڻهن کان بيعت حاصل ڪرڻ ۾ ڪامياب ٿيو۔ پنهنجي گورنري دوران هن هڪ اڻڄاتل قبيلي سان جنگ ڪري کين شڪست ڏني، پر ڪا وڏي علائقائي ڪاميابي حاصل نه ٿي۔ حبيب سليمان جي خلافت جي سڄي عرصي دوران سنڌ ۾ رهيو۔ 717ع ۾ سليمان جي وفات کان پوءِ مهلبين ٻيهر اقتدار کان محروم ٿي ويا۔ نئين خليفي [[عمر بن عبد العزيز]] يزيد کي عراق مان هٽائي کيس قيد ڪيو۔ حبيب کي به پنهنجي عهدي تان هٽايو ويو، جنهن کان پوءِ هن سنڌ ڇڏي آخرڪار بصره واپس موٽي آيو۔ == گورنري وارو دور جا واقعا == '''حبيب بن مهلب''' ({{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي=Habib bin Muhalab}}) بنو اميه جي خلافت دوران سنڌ جو گورنر رهيو، جيڪو پنهنجي ڀاءُ [[يزيد بن مهلب]] جي نمائندي طور هتي حڪومت ڪندو هو۔ مختلف تاريخي ماخذن موجب سندس مقرري [[سليمان بن عبدالملڪ]] جي دور خلافت ۾ ٿي، جنهن کيس سنڌ جو والي مقرر ڪري موڪليو۔<ref>{ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ سنڌ جي تاريخ مصنف؛ اعجاز الحق قدوسي ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2007ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي {{cite web|url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/catalogue/History/Book7/Book_page2.html}} }</ref> سنڌ ۾ پهچڻ کان پوءِ حبيب باغين خلاف سخت ڪارروائيون ڪيون ۽ ڪيترن ئي مخالفن کي سزائون ڏئي علائقي کي پنهنجي تابع بڻايو۔ [[اروڙ]] جي رهواسين سندس اطاعت قبول ڪئي، جڏهن ته ڪجهه مقامي سردارن مزاحمت جاري رکي، جن کي گرفتار ڪري بغاوت جي ڏوهه ۾ سزا ڏني وئي۔<ref name = "شرر "/><ref> ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ تاريخ سنڌ (پنج ڀاڱا گڏ) مصنف؛ مولوي نور محمد نظاماڻي, عبدالغني عبدالله, محمد صديق ”مسافر“ ايڊيشن؛ پهريون 2006ع ڇپيندڙ؛ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي ڪاپي رائيٽ مهراڻ اڪيڊمي </ref> ساڳئي وقت [[راجا ڏاهر]] جو پٽ [[جيسنگھ]]، جيڪو غالباً ڪشمير مان واپس آيو هو، [[برهمڻ آباد]] ۾ داخل ٿيو ۽ سياسي حالتن کي وڌيڪ پيچيده بڻايو۔ حبيب برهمڻ آباد تي فوجي مهم هلائڻ جو ارادو رکيو، پر 20 صفر 99ھ (717ع) تي خليفي سليمان بن عبدالملڪ جي وفات سبب سياسي صورتحال تبديل ٿي وئي۔<ref name = "شرر "/> نئين خليفي [[عمر بن عبدالعزيز]] اقتدار سنڀالڻ کان پوءِ انتظامي تبديليون ڪيون۔ هن [[يزيد بن مهلب]] کي عراق ۽ خراسان جي گورنري تان هٽائي قيد ڪيو، ۽ ساڳئي وقت حبيب بن مهلب کي به سنڌ جي گورنري تان معزول ڪري ڇڏيو۔<ref name = " شرر "/> ان جي جاءِ تي [[عمر بن مسلم باهلي]] کي سنڌ جو نئون حاڪم مقرر ڪيو ويو۔<ref name = " شرر "/> بلاذري، يعقوبي ۽ ٻين مؤرخن مطابق، حبيب جي سنڌ ۾ موجودگي دوران هو سنڌو درياءَ جي ڪناري تي لشڪرگاهه قائم ڪري رهيو هو، جتي کيس مقامي ماڻهن جي اطاعت حاصل ٿي۔ تنهن هوندي به، سياسي بيچيني ۽ خلافت ۾ تبديلين سبب سندس حڪمراني مختصر رهي۔<ref name = "شرر "/> انهيءَ دور ۾ خليفي عمر بن عبدالعزيز هندستان جي مختلف راجائن ڏانهن خط موڪلي اسلام قبول ڪرڻ يا خلافت جي اطاعت اختيار ڪرڻ جي دعوت ڏني۔ سندس نرم مزاجي، انصاف ۽ دينداري سبب ڪيترن علائقن ۾ مثبت اثر پيو ۽ مقامي آباديءَ ۾ عرب اثرات وڌڻ لڳا۔<ref name = " شرر "/> ڪجهه روايتن موجب، [[جيسنگھ]] سياسي مصلحت تحت اسلام قبول ڪيو، پر ان جو نتيجو سندس لاءِ نقصانڪار ثابت ٿيو، ڇاڪاڻ ته ڀرپاسي جا حڪمران اڳ ئي اسلام قبول ڪري چڪا هئا۔ ان دور کان پوءِ سنڌ ۾ عربي ثقافت، نالن ۽ رواجن جو اثر نمايان ٿيڻ لڳو۔<ref name = "شرر "/> مجموعي طور، حبيب بن مهلب جو سنڌ ۾ دور حڪومت سياسي تبديلين، فوجي ڪارروائين ۽ خلافت جي مرڪزي پاليسين سان گهڻو متاثر رهيو، جنهن سبب سندس انتظامي اثر محدود مدت تائين برقرار رهيو۔ == يزيد بن مهلب جي بغاوت == خليفي [[عمر بن عبدالعزيز]] جي وفات فيبروري 720ع ۾ ٿي۔ لڳ ڀڳ ساڳئي وقت [[يزيد بن مهلب]] قيد مان فرار ٿي عراق موٽڻ جو فيصلو ڪيو۔ ان وقت حبيب [[بصره]] ۾ پنهنجي ڀائرن [[المفضل بن مهلب]]، [[مروان بن مهلب]] ۽ [[عبدالملڪ بن مهلب]] سان گڏ موجود هو۔ جڏهن يزيد جي فرار ٿيڻ جي خبر بصره پهتي، تڏهن شهر جي والي [[عدي بن أرطأة الفزاري]] احتياطي قدم طور مهلبي خاندان جي ماڻهن کي گرفتار ڪرڻ جو حڪم ڏنو۔ ٿوري ئي وقت بعد يزيد پنهنجي لشڪر سان بصره پهتو ۽ شهر جو گهيرو ڪيو۔ شهر جا محافظ شڪست کائي ويا، مهلبي خاندان اقتدار تي قبضو ڪري ورتو، ۽ حبيب پنهنجي ڀائرن سميت قيد مان آزاد ٿي يزيد جي خلافت خلاف بغاوت ۾ شامل ٿي ويو<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/حبيب_بن_المهلب |عنوان=حبيب بن المهلب |موقع=وڪيپيڊيا (عربي) |ٻولي=عربي |حاصل ڪيل تاريخ=25 اپريل 2026 }}</ref>۔ اڳين مهينن دوران حبيب يزيد سان گڏ رهيو، جنهن عراق ۾ پنهنجي حيثيت کي مضبوط ڪيو۔ جڏهن اها خبر پهتي ته [[مسلمة بن عبدالملڪ]] جي اڳواڻي ۾ هڪ لشڪر [[شام]] کان اڳتي وڌي رهيو آهي، تڏهن حبيب پنهنجي ڀاءُ کي صلاح ڏني ته يا ته [[فارس]] ڏانهن هٽي وڃي، جتي جبلن ۾ محفوظ پناهه گاهه قائم ڪري سگهجي ٿي، يا پنهنجي فوج جو ڪجهه حصو [[جزيرة الفراتية]] ڏانهن موڪلي دشمن جو مقابلو ڪيو وڃي۔ پر يزيد ٻنهي تجويزن کي رد ڪندي عراق ۾ رهڻ تي زور ڏنو۔ جڏهن اموي ۽ مهلبي لشڪر آگسٽ 720ع ۾ [[العقر]] جي ميدان ۾ آمهون سامهون ٿيا، تڏهن حبيب کي پنهنجي ڀاءُ جي فوج جي ساڄي پاسي (ميمنة) جي قيادت سونپي وئي۔ هن جنگ دوران، پنهنجي ڀاءُ يزيد جي وفات کان ٿوري وقت اڳ، حبيب پڻ مارجي ويو<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/حبيب_بن_المهلب |عنوان=حبيب بن المهلب |موقع=وڪيپيڊيا (عربي) |ٻولي=عربي |حاصل ڪيل تاريخ=25 اپريل 2026 }}</ref>۔ ==سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست== {{سنڌ جي اموي گورنرن جي فھرست}} == حوالا == {{حوالا|2}} pq05m6vtaptw5nslgd06x4uodp0c7ab 0 38898 373323 256130 2026-04-25T03:22:11Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:سنڌي سياستدان]]، [[زمرو:سنڌي ودوان]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = بئريسٽر جان محمد جوڻيجو |title = رئيس المھاجرين |image = |succession = سياسي ڪارڪن |predecessor = |successor = |regent = برٽش انڊيا |reign = |spouses = |issue = |full name = رئيس جان محمد جوڻيجو |house = |dynasty = |father = حاجي ڪريم بخش خان |mother = |birth_name = |birth_date = 1886 (1304ھ) |birth_place = [[ڌامراھا]]،[[لاڙڪاڻو]] |death_date=16 اپریل 1921 |death_place = اجمير شريف |date of burial = |place of burial= اجمير شريف |religion = [[اسلام]] | influences = | influenced = }} ''' جان محمّد خان جوڻيجو''' ({{lang-en|'''Jan Muhammad Khan Junejo'''}}، پيدائش: 1886ع)سنڌ جو ٻيون ۽ لاڙڪاڻي جو پھريون بئريسٽر<ref name =" ڀٽي "> ڪتاب جو نالو ؛ لاڙڪاڻو ليڊرن جي ڌرتي: مصنف؛ عبدالستار ڀٽي: ايڊيشن؛ پهريون جنوري 1998ع ڇپائيندڙ؛ لاڙڪاڻو، ريسرچ اڪيڊمي </ref> ، ۽ لا، جنهن کي '''رئيس المهاجرين''' پڻ چيو وڃي ٿو، سنڌي سياستدان هو، جنهن خلافت تحريڪ جي حق ۾ ۽ برطانوي حڪومت خلاف جدوجهد ۾ سرگرم رهيو. پاڻ افغانستان جي انجمن مهاجرين هند جا پڻ سربراهه هئا. ==ننڍپڻ ۽ تعليم== رئيس جان محمد ولد رئيس ڪريم بخش خان جوڻيجو تاريخ 2 جنوري سال 1888ع (1304ھ) تي پنهنجي اباڻي ننڍڙي ڳوٺ ڌامراهن تعلقي ۽ ضلعي لاڙڪاڻي ۾ ڄائو.<ref name = " ڀٽي "/>.سندس والد بزرگ، حاجي ڪريم بخش خان، شهر جو معزز زميندار ۽ دولتمند ماڻهو هو ان زماني ۾ خوشحال خاندان پنهنجي اولاد کي ننڍپڻ ۾ فارسي ۽ عربي تعليم پنهنجي گهر ۾ ڏيارڻ لازمي سمجهندا هئا ۽ جان محمد جوڻيجي به خانگي طرح عربي فارسي تعليم ڳوٺجي مدرسي ۾ جنوري 1893ع ۾ حاصل ڪرڻ بعد 1903ع ۾ چار درجا سنڌي سنڌ مدرسو اسڪول لاڙڪاڻو (هاڻوڪو گرلس ڪاليج) ۾ پڙهڻ بعد 13 آگسٽ 1907ع تي سنڌ مدرسته الاسلام ڪراچي ۾ داخلا ورتي ۽ 1909ع ۾ مئٽرڪ پاس ڪيائين.اتي [[مسٽر عبدالرحمان حسن علي بئريسٽر]] ۽[[مسٽر علي گوهر ڀُٽي]] سان صحبت هوندي هيس. مسٽر علي گوهر جي ولايت وڃڻ ڪري مٿس به ولايت وڃڻ جو شوق ٿيو. سال 1910ع ۾ اعليٰ تعليم لاءِ انگلينڊ روانو ٿيو. هو ان وقت تعليم جي گهٽ سهولتن سبب 21 سالن جي عمر ۾ مئٽرڪ پاس ڪري سگهيو. هو سنڌ مدرسي ڪراچي وارن ڏينهن ۾ تقريرن ۾ گهڻو حصو وٺندو هيو ۽ سنڌ مدرسو ڊبيٽنگ سوسائٽي جو سيڪريٽري به رهيو. سال 1913ع ۾ بار ايٽ لا پاس ڪري ٻه سال لنڊن ۾ بئريسٽري پريڪٽس ڪيائين پر سال 1915ع ۾ پنهنجي وطن واپسي وريو<ref name = " ڀٽي "/> ڪراچيءَ ۾ ميٽريڪيوليشن جي امتحان ۾ شريڪ ٿيڻ کان پوءِ هُو پنھنجي خيال سان ڪليڪٽر کان پاس وٺي في الحال خرچ راهه ٻه هزار رُوپيا هٿ ڪري ولايت ڏانھن قانون جي تعليم حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ تيار ٿيو جو تقريباً هو سال 1910ع ۾ انگلينڊ ڏانھن بئرسٽري جي امتحان لاءِ سنڌ مان روانو ٿي ويو. اُن کانپوءِ ولايت جي سفر ۽ اتي رهڻ ۽ تعليم جي خرچن جو سمورو بار سندس والد بزرگ جي ذمه هيو<ref name ="وفائي "> ڪتاب جو نالو : يادِ جانان ليکڪ: مولانا دين محمد وفائي موضوع : تاريخ ڇپائيءَ جو سال: اپريل 2018ع پھريون ڇاپو : 1340ھ ۾ حڪيم محمد عبدالحق ڪتب فروش سکر ڇاپو ٻيو : سرسوتي ساهت گهر - ڏوڪري، ضلعو لاڙڪاڻو- </ref>. بئرسٽري جي امتحان پاس ڪري پهريان ڪراچي ۾ پوءِ وري لاڙڪاڻي ۾ وڪالت شروع ڪيائين.<ref name = " ڀٽي "/>.سندس پوين جي چوڻ موجب پهريائين مرحوم کي في الحال وطن ڏانهن موٽڻ جو خيال ڪونه هو، ان ڪري سندس والدين سخت پريشان ٿي پيا. هڪ دفعي خواب ۾ ڏٺائين ته پاڻ [[لنڊن]] شهر جي هڪ بازار ۾ گهمي رهيو آهي، ته اوچتو هڪ فقير ڳل تي چماٽ وهائي ڪڍيس ۽ چيائينس ته ’پٺيان عزيز روئي رهيا اٿيئي، ۽ تون هتي گهمي رهيو آهين!‘ هڪدم سجاڳ ٿي پيو، ۽ ڳوٺ ورڻ لاءِ نهايت پريشان ٿي پيو – پوءِ جلد ئي اچي ڳوٺ پهتو. ==ھارين جي خدمت== سنڌي مسلمانن ۾ [[غلام محمد خان ڀرڳڙي]]ءَ کان هي ٻيو نمبر نوجوان هو، جنهن بئريسٽريءَ جو امتحان پاس ڪيو. سندس بلند اخلاقيءَ جو اندازو ان مان لڳائي سگهجي ٿو، جو انگلينڊ کان موٽڻ بعد سندس آزاد طبيعت ۾ ڪنهن به قسم جو فرق نه آيو. آزمودي وڌائڻ لاءِ، ڪجهه وقت پهريائين ڪراچيءَ ۾ رهيو، پر پوءِ لاڙڪاڻي ۾ اچي مستقل طرح وڪالت جو ڌنڌو اختيار ڪيائين. ٿوري ئي عرصي ۾ سندس والد بزرگوار وفات ڪئي، جنهنڪري زمينداري ڪاروبار به سندس سر تي اچي ويس<ref name = " ڀٽي "/>. انهيءَ زماني ۾ هارين نارين سان ڏاڍا سهنج ڪري، مقروض هارين کي قرض کان آجو ڪيائين. ان کان سواءِ، ٻيون به هر قسم جون سهوليتون ڏنائين انهيءَ ڪري ڪڙمي کيس ڏاڍو ڀائيندا هئا<ref name = " ڀٽي "/>.پيءُ جي وفات کان پوءِ هن لاڙڪاڻي ۾ پنھنجي رهڻ ۽ وڪالت جي آفيس لاءِ هڪ دُو منزله بنگله جو بنياد وجهرايو جو اهو بنگلو اڳتي هلي خلافت ڪميٽي ۽ هجرت ڪميٽيءَ جي دفترن لاءِ وقف ٿيو ۽ لاڙڪاڻي ۾ وڪالت وارن ڏينھن ۾ هن وٽ روزانه سوين ماڻهو سندس آفيس ۾ موجود رهندا هئا<ref name="وفائي"/>.هن انهيءَ زمانه ۾ 2 مسلمان وڪيل پگهار تي ڀائيوار رکيا هئا جي اُن جي غير حاضري يا ٻين حالتن ۾ سندس هدايت موجب ڪيس هلائيندا هئا<ref name="وفائي"/>. هارين جي سرپرستي ڪئي ۽ هڪ هاري ميوي خان جي پٽ ڪامريڊ عبدالقادر کوکر (جيڪو اڳتي هلي سنڌ ۾ هاري تحريڪ جو باني اڳواڻ بڻيو.) کي پنهنجي خرچ تي سنڌ مدرسته الاسلام ڪراچي ۾ تعليم حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ موڪليو. هن جاگيرداري دور ۾ پنهنجن هارين مٿان تمام اڳوڻا قرض معاف ڪري کين آزاد ڪيو ۽ هر هڪ هاري جي اسڪول ۾ پڙهندڙ اولاد کي وظيفا ڏنا.<ref name = " ڀٽي "/> . ==مسلم ليگ ۾ شموليت == برصغير هند ۾ جڏهن مسلم ليگ وجود ۾ آئي ته رئيس غلام محمد خان ڀرڳڙي جي ڪوشش سان سال 1917ع ۾ ڪراچي ۾ مسلم ليگ جي شاخ قائم ٿي ۽ سنڌ جي پهرين چند باني مسلم ليگ ميمبرن ۾ جان محمد جوڻيجي جو نالو شامل آهي. هتان ئي سندس ذهن قومي لاڙي ڏانهن منتقل ٿيو.<ref name = " ڀٽي "/>. 1917ع ۾، جڏهن مرحوم غلام محمد خان ڀرڳڙيءَ جي ڪوشش سان ڪراچيءَ ۾ مسلم ليگ جي شاخ کُلي، تڏهن پهريائين جيڪي چند ميمبر ٿيا، تن ۾ رئيس به هو. اتان کان سندس قومي زندگي شروع ٿي، ۽ ٿوري ئي عرصي ۾ ’فنا في القوم‘ کي وڃي پهتي. ==تعليمي جي واڌاري لاءِ خدمت== مارچ 1918ع ۾، شيخ عبدالعزيز صاحب سنڌ ۾ ”عربي – انگريزي اسڪول“ جي قيام لاءِ سکر ۾ هڪ تعليمي ڪانفرنس سڏائِي، ان ۾ جان محمد خان فراخدليءَ سان حصو ورتو ۽ رٿيل اسڪول ۾ ٻن شاگردن لاءِ اسڪالرشپون ڏيڻيون ڪيائين .<ref name = " ڀٽي"/>– ==خلافت تحريڪ ۾ ڪردار== ترڪي سلطنت جي ورهاڱي جي سوال تي پهريائين پهريائين [[لکنؤ]] ۾ هڪ آل انڊيا مسلم ڪانفرنس سڏائي ويئي هئي، جنهن ۾ هيءَ رٿ پاس ڪئي ويئي ته 17 آڪٽوبر 1919ع تي ننڍن وڏن شهرن ۾ ترڪي جي سلطنت جي بقا لاءِ دعا گهري وڃي: انهيءَ ڏينهن کي ’پهريون يوم خلافت‘ سڏيو وڃي ٿو. انهيءَ وقت اهڙو ڏينهن ملهائڻ سٿرو نه هو؛ پر اسان جي رئيس، حضرت پير تراب علي شاهه جي مدد سان، سر ٽوڙ ڪوشش وٺي، پنهنجي بنگلي جي سامهون [[عيدگاهه]] ۾ ڌام ڌوم سان هڪ عام جلسو ملهايو. نومبر 1919ع ۾ آل انڊيا خلافت ڪانفرنس دهليءَ ۾ سڏائي ويئي،جتي اهو ٺهراءُ پاس ڪيو ويو ته ’ايندڙ صلح – جشن، جو نومبر جي 13 کان 16 تاريخ تائين ٿيڻو آهي، ان جي خلاف بائيڪاٽ ڪيو وڃي‘- جنهن جي تصديق ’[[جميعت العلماء هند]]‘ به ڏني.17 آڪٽومبر 1919ع تي هن مسئلي بابت دهلي ۾ آل انڊيا خلافت ڪانفرنس منعقد ٿي، سنڌ مان مولانا تاج محمود امروٽي، سيٺ عبداللہ هارون، پير تراب علي شاهه راشدي، شيخ عبدالعزيز ۽ بئريسٽر جان محمد جوڻيجي شرڪت ڪئي. هن موقعي تي سڄي هند ۽ سنڌ ۾ ترڪي جي بقا لاءِ ”يوم خلافت“ ملهائڻ جو فيصلو ڪيو ويو. آل انڊيا مسلم ڪانفرنس پڻ لکنو اجلاس ۾ تائيد ڪئي.<ref name = "ڀٽي "/>. ڪانفرنس ۾ سنڌي ليڊرن جي وفد مان لاڙڪاڻي ضلعي جي هلچل سندس ذمي ڪئي ويئي. هن موٽي اچي پير تراب علي شاهه جي رفاقت سان زبردست هلچل هلائي. ”صلح-جشن-ڏينهن“ تي لاڙڪاڻي مان ڪارن جهنڊن سان سرگس ڪڍي ويئي، ۽ هڙتال پڻ ڪئي ويئي.<ref name = " ڀٽي "/>. تاريخ 4 جنوري 1920ع تي حيدرآباد سنڌ ۾ پهريون دفعو خلافت جو جلسو ٿيو، جنهن ۾ رئيس مرحوم لاڙڪاڻي ضلعي جي ظلمن متعلق هڪ ولوله انگيز تقرير ڪئي. تاريخ 6-7-8 جون تي وري سندس سرٽوڙ ڪوشش سان لاڙڪاڻي ۾ ٻي خلافت ڪانفرنس، زير صدارت پير صاحب جهنڊي واري جي، منعقد ٿي، جنهن جي استقباليه ڪاميٽيءَ جو سيڪريٽري پاڻ هو. هن ڪانفرنس ۾ مولانا شوڪت علي، مولانا محمد علي، مولانا عبدالجبار لکنوي، مولانا آزاد، رئيس غلام محمد خان ڀرڳڙي، [[سيٺ عبدالله هارون]]، مولانا امروٽي،[[مهاتما گانڌي]]، [[ڊاڪٽر ڪچلو]]، وغيره جن شرڪت ڪئي. ڪانفرنس جي آخري ڏينهن تي فيصلو ٿيو ته سنڌ جو هڪ وفد [[ممبئي|بمبئي]]ءَ وڃي، سنڌ ۾ ڪامورن جي ٿيل ظلمن بابت گورنر جو ڌيان ڇڪائي. انهيءَ فيصلي مطابق، هڪ سفارت تيار ٿي بمبئيءَ ويئي، جنهن ۾ پير صاحب جهنڊي وارو، [[مولوي دين محمد ”وفائي“]] ۽ ٻيا ڪيترا معزز شريڪ هئا. ان سفارت جو لسان الوفد رئيس صاحب هو. بمبئيءَ ۾ ڇويهن ڏينهن جي رهڻ کان پوءِ به گورنر کين ملاقات جو موقعو نه ڏنو، ليڪن سندن وڃڻ مان هڪ ٻيو فائدو ٿيو جو کين [[آل انڊيا خلافت ڪانفرنس]] جي اجلاس (جو غلام محمد خان ڀرڳڙيءَ جي زير صدارت منعقد ٿي رهيو هو) ۾ شريڪ ٿيڻ جو موقعو مليو. اپريل 1920ع ۾، [[سيوھڻ شريف|سيوهڻ]] ۾، [[مولانا عبدالڪريم ”درس“]] جي زير صدارت، خلافت جلسو ملهايو ويو هو، جنهن ۾ رئيس مرحوم ۽ ٻين زوردار تقريرون ڪيون. هجرت بابت ٺهراءُ پاس ڪيو ويو، جنهن جيڪب آباد واريءَ ڪانفرنس ۾ عملي صورت اختيار ڪئي. جيڪب آباد واريءَ ڪانرنس ۾ رئيس مرحوم پهريائين پهريائين قطع تعلقات جو سوال اٿاريو. [[جيڪب آباد]]۾، ساڳئي ئي سال، [[تاج محمود امروٽي|مولانا تاج محمود امروٽي]]ءَ جي زير صدارت، خلافت جلسو منعقد ٿيو. جلسي ۾ تقرير ڪندي رئيس صاحب اعلان ڪيو ته ”مان سرداريءَ جي ٻيو نمبر ڪرسي، ميونسپل ڪمشنري، لوڪلبورڊ جي ميمبري، بئريسٽريءَ جي ڊگري – سڀ ترڪ ڪريان ٿيو ۽ ڍل ڏيڻ کان به انڪار ڪريان ٿو!“ سندن تقرير جو اهو اثر ٿيو، جو ”ترڪ موالات“ جو جوش اهڙو ته ڦهلجي ويو جو ڪيترن ماڻهن حيثيت سارو انگريزن سان قطع تعلقات جا اعلان ڪيا. ==افغانستان ڏانهن هجرت== انهيءَ کان پوءِ، هجرت جي سانباهي لاءِ باقاعدي هجرت – ڪاميٽي مقرر ٿي، جنهن جو صدر پير تراب علي شاهه، ۽ سيڪريٽري رئيس مرحوم چونڊيا ويا. ڪيترن ماڻهن ڪابل ڏانهن هجرت ڪرڻ لاءِ دفتر ۾ نالا داخل ڪرايا. سندن بنگو هجرت – ڪاميٽيءَ جو دفتر ڪيو ويو. مئي مهيني جي 24 تاريخ، حيدرآباد ۾ [[پير تراب علي شاهه]] جي زير صدارت جلسو منعقد ٿيو، جنهن ۾ رئيس مرحوم جي صحيح سان بمبئيءَ جي گورنر جي پوليٽيڪل سيڪريٽريءَ ڏانهن تار به ڪئي ويئي. ان کان پوءِ حڪومت سندن ٻنين کي پاڻي ڏيڻ بند ڪري ڇڏيو، پر رئيس صبر ڪري هجرت جي تياريءَ ۾ لڳو رهيو. ساري هندستان ۾ هي پهريون سنڌي مجاهد هو، جنهن هجرت ڪئي. مٿس سنڌ ۽ سنڌي جيترو به ناز ڪن، اوترو ٿورو آهي. جولاءِ 1920ع تي پهريائين پهريائين لاڙڪاڻي شهر مان، اسپيشل ٽرين ڀاڙي ڪري، ساڍن ستن سون مهاجرن جو ساٿ ساڻ ڪري، افغانستان روانو ٿيو. ضلعي خلافت ڪانفرنس جو اٺون اجلاس، جو زير صدارت رئيس الاحرار [[مولانا شوڪت علي]] صاحب جي 2، مارچ 1924ع سکر ۾ منعقد ٿيو، ان ۾ ضلعي سيڪريٽريءَ[[عبدالستار آدم]] جيڪا رپورٽ پيش ڪئي (جا پوءِ ڇپائي ويئي)، ان جي صفحي 9 تي سيڪريٽريءَ رئيس جي هجرت کي هن طرح ساراهيو آهي: ”هجرت جو معاملو؛ جنهن گورنمينٽ کي هڪدم پريشان ڪري ڇڏيو، انهيءَ جي ڪاميابيءَ جا سهرا سڄي هندستان ۾ جنهن هستيءَ جي سر تي سونهن ٿا، سو رئيس المهاجرين نواب مرحوم جان محمد خان جوڻيجو هو، جو سنڌ مان پهرين مهاجرن جي اسپيشل ٽرين وٺي ويو“. مهاجرن کي لاڙڪاڻي کان [[روهڙي]]ءَ تائين سڀني اسٽيشنن تائين هزارن ماڻهن الوداع ڪئي. سنڌ کان ٻاهر پڻ هنن مهاجرن جي بلڪل چڱيءَ طرح مرحبا ٿي. هي قافلو 19 جولاءِ [[جلال آباد]] ۾ پهتو. افغان سرڪار کين سهوليتون ڏنيون، مگر پوءِ گهڻن مهاجرن وڃڻ ڪري بي بندوبستگي ٿي پئي. آڪٽوبر مهيني ۾ رئيس المهاجرين هڪ وفد ساڻ ڪري اول مقصد سرانجام ڪرڻ لاءِ مولانا محمد علي ”جوهر“ جي ملاقات لاءِ روانو ٿيو. مولانا انهن ڏينهن ۾ ”ترڪ موالات“ جِي ڪاليج جي شاگردن ۾ تبليغ ڪري رهيو هو، ته رئيس صاحب به وڃي ساڻن شريڪ ٿيو؛ ۽ ان بعد مولانا صاحب سان گڏجي هندوستان جي گهڻن شهرن جو گشت ڪيائين. نومبر جي پوين تاريخن ۾ الله آباد واري ڪانگريس اجلاس ۾ شرڪت ڪري، لاڙڪاڻي موٽي آيو ته کيس سنڌ جي [[جڊيشنل ڪمشنر]] جو نوٽيس پهتو، جنهن ۾ حڪم مليو هو ته ڪراچي اچي ۽ جيڪب آباد وارين تقريرن بنسبت جواب ڏي؛ پر رئيس صاحب وڃڻ جي بجاءِ کين هي جواب موڪليو ته ”جيئن ته مان افغانستان جي بادشاهه جي رعيت آهيان ۽ انجمن مهاجرين هند جي طرفان موڪليل آهيان، تنهنڪري جيڪڏهن انهن جو حڪم ايندو ته ايندس، نه ته نه“. نيٺ بمبئيءَ ويو، جتي کيس ”بمبئي خلافت ڪاميٽيءَ“ طرفان پنجاهه لک روپيا بروقت امداد ڏني ويئي، جا هڪدم ڪابل رواني ڪيائين، ۽ پنجن لکن رپين ڏيڻ جو واعدو ٿيو. ڪابل ويندي کيس سرحد تي روڪيو ويو، جتي کيس ويهه ڏينهن لڳا. پشاور ۾ فارسيءَ ۾ تقرير ڪيائين، جنهن ۾ پاڻ کي افغان رعيت ڄاڻايائين، ۽ وڃڻ کان روڪڻ جو اظهار ڪندي انگريز حڪومت کي خوب ننديائين. پشاور مان به کيس نڪري وڃڻ جو نوٽيس مليو، جنهنڪري لاهور آيو ۽ اتان لکنو ۽ ائوڌ خلاف ڪانفرنس ۾ شريڪ ٿي فارسيءَ ۾ تقرير ڪيائين. شروع ۾ افغانستان جي حاڪم امير امان الله خان سنڌ مان آيل مهاجرن کي زمينون ۽ روزگار ڏيڻ جو واعدو ڪرڻ کان علاوه انهن لاءِ رهڻ جو پڻ بهتر بندوبست ڪيو ۽ جلال آباد ۾ هڪ شاندار قلعو ”وڏو ڪوٽ“ ڏنو جنهن ۾ هڪ لک ماڻهن جي ماپڻ جي گنجائش هئي. مهاجرن کي سٺو کاڌو خوراڪ به ڏني پر پوءِ مهاجرن جو تعداد وڌندو ويو ته مسئلا پيدا ٿيندا ويا ۽ بئريسٽر ”انجمن مهاجرنين هند“ قائم ڪري مهاجرن جي مسئلن لاءِ چندو جمع ڪرڻ شروع ڪيو. جنهن کي بمبئي خلافت ڪميٽي 50 لک رپيا چندو ڏنو ته جيئن مهاجر پاڻ پنهنجن پيرن تي بيهن پر تاريخ پنهنجي باب ۾ هن ايشيا ۽ يورپ جي وڏي تحريڪ جي تباهي جا ڪارڻ ڄاڻائي ٿي. جڏهن سنڌي مسلمان اڳواڻن پاران شاندار جدوجهد جي نتيجي ۾ ترڪي ۽ افغانستان جي باري ۾ انگريزن هٿان آزادي وارو مطالبو منظور ٿيندي نظر اچي رهيو هو پوءِ ٻيو قدم هن هجرت کي برصغير هندستان مان قافلي جي صورت ۾ ترڪي پهچائڻ هيو. انگريزن محسوس ڪيو ته ايشيا جي مسلمانن جي قائد بئريسٽر جان محمد جوڻيجي ماحول انگريزن خلاف ٺاهي ورتو آهي ۽ جلد اهو مسلمانن جو اڀرندڙ تيز طوفان يورپ خلاف سڄي دنيا جي مسلمانن کي متحد ڪري عالمگير مسلم تحريڪ جي شڪل نه اختيار ڪري ان لاءِ انگريزن افغانستان جي امير امان ا﷢ خان (جيڪو 1919ع جي انقلاب بعد تخت تي ويٺو) جي وزير ڪابل محمود طرزي وسيلي سازش ڪندي غداري جو ٻج وڌو ۽ افغانستان جي حاڪم ساڻ معاهدو ڪيو. جنهن ۾ انگريز افغانستان کي تسليم ڪرڻ جو فيصلو ڪيو پر انگريز هن معاهدي ۾ امير افغانستان ۾ موجود مهاجرن کي ٻاهر نه وڃڻ ڏيندو ۽ اهڙا اپاءَ وٺندو جنهن جي نتيجي ۾ سڀ پريشان ٿي واپس سنڌ ۽ ٻين علائقن ڏانهن هليا وڃن ۽ کين ڪو به تحفظ نه ڏنو ويندو..<ref name = " ڀٽي "/> پنهنجي مطالبي منظور ٿيڻ بعد افغانستان عالم اسلام جو ساٿ ڇڏي ڏنو نتيجي ۾ خلافت تحريڪ کي ڪاپاري ڌڪ لڳو. تحريڪ کي جدوجهد ۾ پيش قدمي ڪرڻ بدران پنهنجو دفاع ڪرڻ به مشڪل ٿي ويو. سنڌي مهاجرن ۽ ٻين کي وڏي ڪوٽ قلعي مان ڌڪيو ويو. سرڪار تمام ڏنل سهولتون واپس ورتيون جنهن ۾ پهريان قلعي جو پاڻي بند ڪيو ويو پوءِ کاڌي پيتي جون شيون نه ڏيڻ، بيماري ۾ علاج نه ڪرائڻ. مطلب ته ڪابل جي مسلمانن پنهنجي سر زمين تي هنن سان انسانيت سوز ۽ حقارت وارو سلوڪ ڪيو. قلعي کي مجاهدن جي قافلي بدران جيل خانو بڻايو ويو. نيٺ مجبور ٿي مهاجر ڪوٽ کان ٻاهر نڪتا. ڪيترا گرمي سبب مري ويا. ڪيترا بيمارين ۾ مئا. ڪيترا خاندان بک ۾ ڪابل يا ٻين شهرن مان خيرات وٺي هندستان پنجاب ۽ سرحد جا مهاجر پنهنجي وطن واپس وريا پر 18 هزار مهاجرن ۾ 760 سنڌي مهاجرن کي گهڻيو اذيتون ۽ ٻچڙن کي مصيبتون ڏسڻيون پيون. ڪيترن مهاجرن جون زالون گم ٿيڻ جا اطلاع پڻ آهن.<ref name = "ڀٽي "/>.جڏهن اها حالت ٿي ته بئريسٽر جوڻيجي وري سنڌ ڏانهن قدم رکيو. تاريخ 30 سيپٽمبر 1920ع تي لاڙڪاڻي پهتو ۽ تاريخ 4 آڪٽوبر 1920ع تي هڪ وڏو جلسو ڪيائين. هتي اچڻ شرط جڊيشل ڪمشنر پاران کيس جيڪب آباد ۾ اڳ قابل اعتراض تقرير جي حوالي ساڻ ڪراچي حاضر ٿيڻ جو حڪم مليو. جنهن جو هن جواب ڏنو ته مان هاڻي افغانستان جو باشندو آهيان.<ref name = " ڀٽي "/>. سنڌ مان مهاجرن جي واپسي لاءِ پئسا گڏ ڪري علي ڳڙهه مولانا محمد علي جوهر وٽ پهتو ۽ هندستان جي ڪيترن ئي شهرن جو دورو ڪيو. نومبر ۾ هن احمد آباد خلافت ڪانفرنس کي خطاب ڪيو. ڊسمبر ۾ ناگپور آل انڊيا ڪانفرنس ۾ شرڪت بعد بمبئي خلافت ڪميٽي مهاجرن جي مدد لاءِ ان وقت هڪ لک رپيا منظور ڪيا ۽ پهرين مليل قسط جا پنجاهه هزار رپيا هڪدم افغانستان ڏياري موڪليا. هڪ دفعو هو وري لاڙڪاڻي پهتو ۽ آخر 15 جنوري 1921ع تي ڪابل وڃڻ لاءِ پشاور پهتو جتي ڊپٽي ڪمشنر کيس روڪيو، لڳاتار 20 ڏينهن هن کي اجازت نه ملي پوءِ هن 5 فيبروري 1921ع تي پشاور ۾ هڪ احتجاجي جلسو ڪيو، جنهن ۾ هزارين ماڻهن شرڪت ڪئي. هن فارسي ۾ تقرير ڪندي پاڻ کي افغانستان جو شهري ثابت ڪيو ۽ پشاور ۾ هڪ وڏو سياسي طوفان کڙو ڪيو. نتيجي ۾ ڊپٽي ڪمشنر کيس سرحد مان نيڪالي ڏني پوءِ لاهور آيو ۽ مارچ 1921ع ۾ لاهور ۾ هڪ وڏو جلسو ڪري پنهنجي حوصلي ۽ جدوجهد ايمان جو ڀرپور اعلان ڪيو. لاهور کان لکنو پهتو.<ref name = " ڀٽي "/>. تاريخ ۾ مسلمانن جي مسلمانن مٿان ظلم ۽ ستم جي هن دل ڏکوئيندڙ مثال رئيس المهاجرين بئريسٽر جان محمد جوڻيجي جي سوچ مقصد ۽ سياسي زندگي کي ڪاپاري ڌڪ هنيو. هو هارائجي پيو.<ref name = " ڀٽي "/>.هن باقي زندگي جا ڏينهڙا مايوسي ۽ نااميدي ۾ هندستان جي اڳواڻن سان گذارڻ جو فيصلو ڪيو ڇاڪاڻ ته پنهنجي ديس واسين 760 سنڌي مهاجرن جي خاندانن جي تباهي بعد هن پاڻ واپس لاڙڪاڻي اچي پنهنجي گهر کي ٻيهر آباد ڪرڻ، زندگي گذارڻ کي ضمير خلاف تصور ڪيو.<ref name = "ڀٽي "/>. ==وفات== [[مولانا محمد علي ”جوهر“]] جي سنگت ۾ [[اجمير]] جي خلافت ڪانفرنس ۾ شريڪ ٿيڻ لاءِ آيو. اتي کيس ٿورو بخار ٿي پيو ۽ جلسي ۾ اچي نه سگهيو، پر پنهنجي فارسيءَ ۾ لکيل تقرير پڙهڻ لاءِ موڪليائين. سندس بخار وڌي وڃي خوفناڪ بيماريءَ جي صورت اختيار ڪئي – تان جو 27 رجب المرجب 1339ھ، برابر 16 اپريل 1921ع تي، مسافر ۽ مهاجر جي حالت ۾، حضرت ولي الهند خواجه معين الدين چشتي، غريب النواز، جي درگاهه اجمير شريف ۾، صبح جي وقت وفات ڪري ويو.</ref>33 سالن جي ڄمار ۾ 16 اپريل 1921ع تي اجمير هندستان ۾ وفات ڪئي ۽ کيس وصيت مطابق اجمير شريف جي درگاهه ڀرسان دفن ڪيو ويو. سندس وفات بابت پڻ مختلف رايا آهن. ڪي خبرون آهن ته خلافت تحريڪ جي ناڪامي سبب دلبرداشته ٿي بيمار ٿي پيو ۽ ڪي خبرون آهن ته کيس زهر ڏنو ويو هو.<ref name = " ڀٽي "/>. == حوالا == {{حوالا}} * {{Cite book |first = مهراڻ | last = رسالو| coauthors= | title=رئيس المهاجرين مرحوم جان محمد جوڻيجو | date= 1960ع| publisher=سنڌي ادبي بورد | location= سنڌ}} * {{Cite book |first = M. Naeem | last = Qureshi| coauthors= | title=Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics: A Study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918–1924 | date= | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | location= | isbn=978-90-04-11371-8 | pages=224}} [[زمرو:سنڌي سياستدان]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ودوان]] [[زمرو:1886ع جون پيدائشون]] [[زمرو:1921ع جون فوتگيون]] 9rx4tya43hu9bp55aky30c5bqaq30fu 0 39860 373286 367224 2026-04-24T19:39:13Z Memon2025 21315 373286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Alloy of copper and tin}} {{About|ڌاتي مصرع}} {{Use American English|date=September 2024}} {{multiple image | perrow = 2 | total_width = 250 | image1 = Bull's head ornament for a lyre MET DP260070.jpg | width1 = 300 | height1 = | image2 = Egypt, Greco-Roman Period, probably Ptolemaic Dynasty - Statuette of Isis and Horus - 1940.613 - Cleveland Museum of Art.tif | width2 = 300 | height2 = | image3 = Liu Ding.jpg | width3 = 300 | height3 = | width4 = 300 | height4 = | width5 = 300 | height5 = | image6 = Lamp MET DT10743.jpg | width6 = 300 | height6 = | image7 = | width7 = 300 | height7 = 400 | image8 = | width8 = 300 | height8 = 400 | footer = تاريخ ۾ ڪانسي جي فن پارن جا مختلف مثال }} '''ڪانسي''' (Bronze) عام بولي ۾ "ڪٽ" به چوڻ ٿا، [[ڪاپر (ٽامو)|ٽامي]] ۽ [[ٽن|ٽين]] (Tin) جو هڪ [[مصرع]] آهي، جيڪو بنيادي طور تي %87.5 ٽامي ۽ %12.5 ٽين تي مشتمل هوندو آهي ۽ اڪثر ڪري هن ۾ ٻيا ڌاتو، جهڙوڪ، [[ايليومينيم|ايلومينيم]]، [[مينگانيز|مينگنيز]]، [[نڪل]] يا [[زنڪ (جست)|زنڪ]] جي اضافي ملاوٽ ۽ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن غير ڌاتو، جهڙوڪ [[فاسفورس]] يا ميٽيلائڊ، جهڙوڪ [[آرسينڪ]] يا [[سليڪان|سليڪون]] جي اضافي ملاوٽ به ڪئي ويندي اهي. هي اضافو مصرن جي هڪ سلسلو ٺاهي ٿو، جنهن مان ڪجهه صرف ٽامي کان سخت آهن يا ٻيون مفيد خاصيتون، جهڙوڪ طاقت، لچڪ يا مشيني صلاحيت رکڻ ٿا. [[قديم آثار|آثار قديمه]] جو دور جنهن دوران ڪانسي/ڪٽ وڏي پيماني تي استعمال ۾ سڀ کان سخت ڌاتو هو، ان کي '''[[ڪانسي جو دور]]''' جي نالي سان سڃاتو وڃي ٿو. اولهائين [[يوروشيا|يوريشيا]] ۾ ڪانسي جي دور جي شروعات روايتي طور تي لڳ ڀڳ 3500 قبل مسيح ۾ ٿي ۽ [[چين]] ۾ 2000 قبل مسيح جي شروعات تائين، <ref>{{cite book|title=China in the Early Bronze Age: Shang Civilization|last=Thorp|first=Robert L.|date=2013|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press}}{{page needed|date=August 2022}}</ref> ٻين هنڌن تي اهو بتدريج علائقن ۾ پکڙجي ويو. ڪانسي جي دور کان پوءِ [[لوهه جو دور|'''لوهه جو دور''']] آيو. جيڪو تقريباً 1300 قبل مسيح شروع ٿيو ۽ تقريباً 500 قبل مسيح تائين يوريشيا جي اڪثر حصي تائين پهتو. جيتوڻيڪ ڪانسي جديد دور جي ڀيٽ ۾ تمام گهڻو استعمال ٿيندو رهيو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تاريخي آرٽ ورڪ اڪثر ڪري ٻن مختلف ڌاتوئي ترڪيب جي ڪانسي ۽ [[پيتل]] (ٽامي ۽ زنڪ جي مصر) مان ٺهيل هئا، جديد [[عجائب گھر]] ۽ پراڻن آرٽ ورڪ جي علمي وضاحتن ۾ انفرادي مصرع، ڪانسي جي نالن جي بدران عام اصطلاح "ٽامي جو مصر" استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي، جئين ته ڊيٽابيس کي درست رکيو وڃي.<ref>{{cite book|title=China in the Early Bronze Age: Shang Civilization|last=Thorp|first=Robert L.|date=2013|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press}}{{page needed|date=August 2022}}</ref> [[File:HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg|thumb|upright|هيومووو (后母戊鼎) ڊنگ؛ سڀ کان ڳرو چيني رسمن وارو ڪانسي جو ٿان، جيڪو 1300 کان 1046 ق.م جو آهي. اهو چين جي نيشنل ميوزيم، [[بيجنگ]] ۾ نمائش لاءِ رکيو ويو آهي. هن ڊنگ جو نالو ڪانسي جي اندروني ڀت تي لکيل لکت تي ٻڌل آهي. جنهن تي هيومووو (Hòumǔwù) لکيل آهي، جن جو معنيٰ "راڻي ماءُ وو" آهي.]] ==تاريخ== [[File:ALB - Hortfund Groß Gaglow.jpg|thumb|جديد جرمني ۾ ڪانسي جي دور جا ڪانسي جا مليل ڪُهاڙا. هي ان دور جو سڀ کان عام اوزار هو ۽ اهو پڻ لڳي ٿو ته قيمتي شين جي ذخيري طور استعمال ڪيو ويندو هو.]] [[File:Magical Roman Nails.jpg|thumb|جادوئي نشانين ۽ لکتن سان رومن ڪانسي جا کيل، ٽئين-چوٿين صدي عيسوي]] ڪانسي جي دريافت ماڻهن کي ڌاتو جون شيون ٺاهڻ جي قابل بڻايو جيڪي اڳ ۾ ممڪن کان وڌيڪ سخت ۽ پائيدار هيون. ڪانسي جي دريافت ماڻهن کي ڌاتو جون شيون ٺاهڻ جي قابل بڻايو، جيڪي اڳئين کان وڌيڪ سخت ۽ پائيدار هيون. ڪانسي جا اوزار، هٿيار ۽ تعميراتي مواد جهڙوڪ آرائشي ٽائل سخت هيون ۽ انهن جي پٿر ۽ ٽامي جي دور (chalcolithc) جي اڳوڻن کان وڌيڪ پائيدار هيون. تاريخ جو پهريون ٽين ۽ ٽامي جي مصرع جو نمونو 4650 قبل مسيح جو پلوچنڪ، سربيا ۾ هڪ وِنڪا (Vanca) ثقافتي ماڳ ۾ موجود آهي ۽ اهو يقين ڪيو ويو آهي ته قدرتي ٽين-ٽامي جي معدنيات، اسٽينائيٽ مان ڳايو ويو هو. ٻيا ابتدائي مثال مصر، سوسا، ايران ۽ چين، لوريستان، ايران، ٽيپي سيالڪ، ايران، منديگاڪ (افغانستان) ۽ ميسوپوٽيميا، عراق ۾ چوٿين صدي قبل مسيح جي آخر تائين جا آهن.<ref name="Thornton, 2002" /><ref>{{cite book|first=Daniel T.|last=Potts|title=Mesopotamian Civilization: The Material Foundations|publisher= Athlone Press|location=London|year=1997|isbn=978-0-48593-001-6|page=169}}</ref> ٽامي جا آرسينڪ مصرع، قدرتي طور تي يا مصنوعي طور تي انهن ڌاتن جي مليل معدنيات مان، آرسينڪ ٽامي جا مصرع ٺاهيندا آهن، جيڪا هڪ چاندي جي رنگ جي ڌاتو جي نتيجي ۾ مليا آهن، ساڳئي طرح وڌندڙ طاقت، گهٽ پگھلڻ واري نقطي ۽ ٽامي جي ڀيٽ ۾ اساني سان ڪم ڪيو سگهجي ٿو.<ref> {{cite book|title=A History of Metallurgy, Second Edition|last=Tylecote|first=R.F.|year=1992|publisher=Maney Publishing, for the Institute of Materials|location=London|isbn=978-1-902653-79-2|url=http://m.friendfeed-media.com/450c6f3cdc92be9e19ecd285bd7f809a9ae1d4d5|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402174311/http://m.friendfeed-media.com/450c6f3cdc92be9e19ecd285bd7f809a9ae1d4d5|archive-date=2015-04-02}}</ref><ref name="De Ryck 261–268">{{Cite journal |last1=De Ryck |first1=I. |last2=Adriaens |first2=A. |last3=Adams |first3=F. |date=2005-07-01 |title=An overview of Mesopotamian bronze metallurgy during the 3rd millennium BC |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1296207405000610 |journal=Journal of Cultural Heritage |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=261–268 |doi=10.1016/j.culher.2005.04.002 |issn=1296-2074|hdl=1854/LU-329902 |hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> قديم ترين ڄاتل سڃاتل آرسينڪ-ٽامي جا مصرع جا نمونا يوهي ڪلچر (دور پنجون 3800-3400 ق.م.) ماڳ مان، ايراني پليٽو تي طلائي ابليس تي ۽ مقامي آرسينڪ ٽامي ۽ ٽامي-آرسينائيڊ، جهڙوڪ الگوڊونائيٽ ۽ ڊوميڪائيٽ مان ڳاريا ويا هئا.<ref name="Thornton, 2002">{{cite journal |last1=Thornton |first1=C. |last2=Lamberg-Karlovsky |first2=C.C. |last3=Liezers |first3=M. |last4=Young |first4=S.M.M. |year=2002 |title=On pins and needles: tracing the evolution of copper-based alloying at Tepe Yahya, Iran, via ICP-MS analysis of Common-place items. |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=29 |issue=12 |pages=1451–60 |ref=Thornton, 2002 |doi=10.1006/jasc.2002.0809 |bibcode=2002JArSc..29.1451T}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Expedition Magazine {{!}} The Early Bronze Age of Iran as Seen from Tepe Yahya |url=https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-early-bronze-age-of-iran-as-seen-from-tepe-yahya/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |magazine=Expedition Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref name="De Ryck 261–268"/> {{vanchor|Tin bronze}} was superior to arsenic copper in that the alloying process could be more easily controlled, and the resulting alloy was stronger and easier to cast. Also, [[Arsenic poisoning|unlike those of arsenic]], metallic tin and the fumes from tin refining are [[Tin poisoning|not toxic]]. [[Tin]] became the major non-copper ingredient of bronze in the late 3rd millennium BCE.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kaufman |first1=Brett |title=Metallurgy and Ecological Change in the Ancient Near East |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/28810743/Kaufman_Metallurgy_and_Ecological_Change_in_the_Ancient_Near_East__Backdirt_2011.pdf |journal=Backdirt: Annual Review |date=2 October 2012 |volume=2011 |page=86}}</ref> [[Ore]]s of copper and the far rarer tin are not often found together (exceptions include [[Cornwall]] in the United Kingdom, one ancient site in Thailand and one in Iran), so serious bronze work has always involved trade with other regions. [[Tin sources and trade in ancient times]] had a major influence on the development of cultures. In Europe, a major source of tin was the British deposits of ore in [[Cornwall]], which were traded as far as [[Phoenicia]] in the eastern [[Mediterranean]]. In many parts of the world, large hoards of bronze artifacts are found, suggesting that bronze also represented a [[store of value]] and an indicator of social status. In Europe, large hoards of bronze tools, typically socketed axes (illustrated above), are found, which mostly show no signs of wear. With [[Chinese ritual bronze]]s, which are documented in the inscriptions they carry and from other sources, the case is clear. These were made in enormous quantities for elite burials, and also used by the living for ritual offerings. An analysis of 324 metallic finds of the [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] (2600–1900 BCE), in the 1990s, found 67 (20%) to have some tin content, to be considered Bronze artefacts, with 26 (8%) of the artefacts having a tin content in excess of 10%, permitting [[Lost-wax casting|casting]]; the source of the tin is unknown, but has been speculated to be from [[Bukhara|Bokhara]] or [[Samarkand]], in [[Uzbekistan]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kochhar |first=Naresh |date=January 1999 |title=A new source of primary Tin ore in the Indus civilization |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327395563 |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=15 |pages=115–118 |doi=10.1080/02666030.1999.9628571 }}</ref> ===Transition to iron=== Though bronze, whose [[Vickers hardness test|Vickers hardness]] is 60–258, is generally harder than [[wrought iron]], with a hardness of 30–80,<ref>''Smithells Metals Reference Book'', 8th Edition, ch. 22</ref> the [[Bronze Age]] gave way to the [[Iron Age]] after a serious disruption of the tin trade: the [[Late Bronze Age collapse|population migrations of around 1200–1100 BCE]] reduced the shipment of tin around the Mediterranean and from Britain, limiting supplies and raising prices.<ref>{{cite web |first=Clayton E. |last=Cramer |url=http://www.claytoncramer.com/unpublished/Iron2.pdf |title=What Caused The Iron Age?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228194159/http://www.claytoncramer.com/unpublished/Iron2.pdf |archive-date=2010-12-28 |website=claytoncramer.com |date=10 December 1995}}</ref> As the art of working in iron improved, iron became cheaper and improved in quality. As later cultures advanced from hand-[[wrought iron]] to machine-[[Finery forge|forged iron]] (typically made with [[trip hammer]]s powered by water), blacksmiths also learned how to make [[steel]], which is stronger and harder than bronze and holds a sharper edge longer.<ref>{{cite web |first1=O. D. |last1=Sherby |first2=J. |last2=Wadsworth |url=http://www.llnl.gov/tid/lof/documents/pdf/238547.pdf |title=Ancient Blacksmiths, the Iron Age, Damascus Steels, and Modern Metallurgy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626190201/http://www.llnl.gov/tid/lof/documents/pdf/238547.pdf |archive-date=2007-06-26 |series=Thermec 2000 |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce |location=Las Vegas, Nevada |date=2000 |access-date=24 August 2022}}</ref> Bronze was still used during the Iron Age and has continued in use for many purposes to the modern day. ==ترڪيب== [[File:Bronze bell with visible material structure.jpg|thumb|ڪانسي جي گھنٽي هڪ نظر ايندڙ ڪرسٽل جهڙي ڍانچي سان گڏ]] ڪيترائي مختلف ڪانسي جا مصرع آهن، پر عام طور تي جديد ڪانسي جي مصرعن ۾ لڳ ڀڳ %88 ٽامو ۽ %12 ٽين هوندو آهي. وانچور (Vanchor) ۾ ٽامي ۾ ٽين جي الفا سولڊ حل شامل آهي.<ref>Knapp, Brian. (1996) ''Copper, Silver and Gold''. Reed Library, Australia.</ref> %4 کان %5 ٽين جا الفا-ڪانسي جا مصرع سڪا، اسپرنگ، ٽربائن ۽ بليڊ ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيا ويندا آهن. تاريخي "ڪانسي جا مصرع" ساخت ۾ تمام گهڻو متغير آهن، ڇاڪاڻ ته گھڻا ڌاتوڪار شايد هٿ ۾ جيڪو به اسڪريپ هوندو هو استعمال ڪندا هئا. 12هين صدي جي انگريزي گلوسٽر ڪينڊل اسٽڪ جو ڌاتو ڪانسي آهي جنهن ۾ ٽامي جست، ٽين، شيهي، نڪل، لوهه، اينٽيموني، آرسينڪ ۽ چاندي جي غير معمولي طور تي وڏي مقدار بنياد ۾ %22.5٪ ۽ ڪينڊل جي هيٺان بيس ۾ %5.76 جي وچ ۾ جو مصرع آھي. هن مصرع جي تناسب مان ظاهر ٿئي ٿو ته شمع دان پراڻي سڪن جي هڪ عمودي قطار مان ٺاهيو ويو هو. 13هين صدي جي بينن ڪانسي حقيقت ۾ پيتل آهن، ۽ سينٽ بارٿولوميو چرچ ۾ 12هين صدي جي رومنيڪي بپتسما واري ڦوهاري کي ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ڪانسي ۽ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن پيتل جي طور تي بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي. ڪانسي جي دور ۾، ڪانسي جا ٻه روپ عام طور تي استعمال ڪيا ويندا هئا؛ "ڪلاسڪ ڪانسي"، لڳ ڀڳ %10ٽين ڪاسٽنگ ۾ استعمال ڪيو ويندو هو، "نرم ڪانسي"، لڳ ڀڳ %6 ٽين چادرون ٺاهڻ لاءِ انگوٽ مان ٺاهيو ويندو هو. تيز هٿيار بنيادي طور تي کلاسڪ ڪانسي مان ٺاهيا ويندا هئا، جڏهن ته هيلمٽ ۽ ٻيا هٿيار نرم برونز مان ٺاهيا ويندا هئا. Modern {{vanchor|commercial bronze}} (90% copper and 10% zinc) and architectural bronze (57% copper, 3% lead, 40% zinc) are more properly regarded as brass alloys because they contain zinc as the main alloying ingredient. They are commonly used in architectural applications.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.copper.org/applications/architecture/arch_dhb/copper_alloys/intro.html|title=Copper alloys|access-date=14 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911022109/http://www.copper.org/applications/architecture/arch_dhb/copper_alloys/intro.html|archive-date=11 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.copper.org/resources/properties/standard-designations/introduction.html|title=CDA UNS Standard Designations for Wrought and Cast Copper and Copper Alloys: Introduction|access-date=14 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924132326/http://www.copper.org/resources/properties/standard-designations/introduction.html|archive-date=24 September 2013}}</ref> Plastic bronze contains a significant quantity of lead, which makes for improved plasticity,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/plastic+bronze |title=plastic bronze |encyclopedia=The Free Encyclopedia |access-date=24 August 2022}}</ref> and may have been used by the ancient Greeks in ship construction.<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1111/1095-9270.12001 | volume=42 | issue=1 | title=The Belgammel Ram, a Hellenistic-Roman BronzeProembolionFound off the Coast of Libya: test analysis of function, date and metallurgy, with a digital reference archive | year=2012 | journal=International Journal of Nautical Archaeology | pages=60–75 | last1=Adams | first1=Jonathan R. | url=http://www.don-simmonds.co.uk/oliver/ijna12001.pdf | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828133417/http://www.don-simmonds.co.uk/oliver/ijna12001.pdf | archive-date=2016-08-28 | citeseerx=10.1.1.738.4024 | s2cid=39339094 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828133417/http://www.don-simmonds.co.uk/oliver/ijna12001.pdf |date=2016-08-28 }}</ref> {{vanchor|Silicon bronze}} has a composition of Si: 2.80–3.80%, Mn: 0.50–1.30%, Fe: 0.80% max., Zn: 1.50% max., Pb: 0.05% max., Cu: balance.<ref>{{Cite book|title = ASTM B124 / B124M – 15|publisher = ASTM International|year = 2015}}</ref> Other bronze alloys include [[aluminium bronze]], [[phosphor bronze]], manganese bronze, [[bell metal]], [[arsenical bronze]], [[speculum metal]], [[bismuth bronze]], and [[cymbal alloys]]. ==خصوصيتون== ٽامي تي ٻڌل مصرع، فولاد يا لوهه جي ڀيٽ ۾ گهٽ گرمي پد پگھري ويندا آهن ۽ انهن جي جزو ڌاتن کان وڌيڪ آساني سان ٺاهيا سگھجن ٿا. اها عام طور تي فولاد کان لڳ ڀڳ 10 سيڪڙو وڌيڪ گهاٽا هوندا آهن، پر ايلومينيم يا سليڪون استعمال ڪندڙ مصرع ٿورو گهٽ گهاٽا ٿي سگهن ٿا. برونز اڪثر فولاد کان بهتر گرمي ۽ بجلي چالڪائي جي صلاحيت ٿا. ڪانسي جا مصرع عام طور تي تار وارا مصرع آهن، ۽ اھا خام لوهه جي ڀيٽ ۾ تمام گهٽ ڀُرڻ وارا آهن. ٽامي ۽ ان جي مصرعن ۾ استعمال جي هڪ وڏي قسم آهي، جيڪي انهن جي ورسٽائل طبعي، ميڪاني ۽ ڪيميائي خاصيتن کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا. ڪجهه عام مثال خالص ٽامي جي اعلي برقي چالکائي، بيئرنگ برونز جي گهٽ رگڙ خاصيتون، جنهن ۾ 6 کان 8 سيڪڙو جو اعلي شيهي جو مواد آهي. گهنٽي ٺاهڻ وارو ڪٽ (%20 ٽين ۽ %80 ٽامو) جي گونج ڪندڙ خاصيتون ۽ ڪيترن ئي برونز مصرعن جي سامونڊي پاڻي پاران سنکنرن جي مزاحمت آهن. برونز جو پگھلڻ جو نقطو تقريباً °950 سينٽي گريڊ آهي، پر اها مصرع جي جزون جي تناسب تي منحصر ڪري ٿو. ڪٽ عام طور تي غير مقناطيسي هوندا آهن، پر لوهه يا نڪل تي مشتمل ڪجهه مصرعن ۾ مقناطيسي خاصيتون ٿي سگهن ٿيون. ڪٽ عام طور تي صرف سطحي طور تي آڪسائيڊ ٿئي ٿو ۽ هڪ ڀيرو ڪاپر آڪسائيڊ (آخرڪار ڪاپر ڪاربونيٽ بڻجي ويندو آهي) پرت ٺهي ويندي آهي ۽ هيٺيون ڌاتو وڌيڪ زنگ کان محفوظ رهندو آهي. اها هيلينسٽڪ دور جي مجسمن تي ڏسي سگهجي ٿو. ڪاپر ڪلورائيڊ (CuCl4) جو سنکرن تمام مصرع کي زنگ ۾ تبديل ڪري مڪمل طور ختم ڪري ڇڏي ٿو. ==استعمال== [[File:秦铜诏铁权04975.jpg|thumb|Bronze weight with an inscribed imperial order, [[Qin dynasty]]]] [[File:Bramble's views Toledo, Ohio - diamond anniversary 1837-1912 - DPLA - a4b983d79cfcfaaf7368d108fe048f73 (page 91) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Industrial products of the Bunting Brass and Bronze Company, 1912]] Bronze, or bronze-like alloys and mixtures, were used for coins over a longer period. Bronze was especially suitable for use in boat and ship fittings prior to the wide employment of [[stainless steel]] owing to its combination of toughness and resistance to salt water corrosion. Bronze is still commonly used in ship propellers and submerged bearings. In the 20th century, silicon was introduced as the primary alloying element, creating an alloy with wide application in industry and the major form used in contemporary [[statuary]]. Sculptors may prefer silicon bronze because of the ready availability of silicon bronze brazing rod, which allows color-matched repair of defects in castings. Aluminium is also used for the structural metal aluminium bronze. Unlike steel, bronze struck against a hard surface will not generate sparks, so it (along with [[beryllium copper]]) is used to make [[hammer]]s, [[mallet]]s, [[wrench]]es and other durable tools to be used in explosive atmospheres or in the presence of flammable vapors. Bronze is used to make [[bronze wool]] for woodworking applications where [[steel wool]] would discolor [[oak]]. Phosphor bronze is used for ships' propellers, musical instruments, and electrical contacts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.copper.org/resources/properties/microstructure/phos_bronze.html |title=Resources: Standards & Properties – Copper & Copper Alloy Microstructures: Phosphor Bronze |publisher=Copper Development Association Inc. |url-status=live |access-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208043816/http://www.copper.org/resources/properties/microstructure/phos_bronze.html |archive-date=2015-12-08 }}</ref> Bronze parts are [[Toughness|tough]] and typically used for [[Bearing (mechanical)|bearings]], clips, [[electrical connector]]s and [[Spring (device)|springs]]. Bronze also has low [[friction]] against dissimilar metals, making it important for [[cannon]]s prior to modern [[Engineering tolerance|tolerancing]], where iron cannonballs would otherwise stick in the barrel.<ref name="AlavudeenVenkateshwaran2006">{{cite book|first1=A. |last1=Alavudeen|first2=N. |last2=Venkateshwaran|first3=J. T. |last3=Winowlin Jappes|title=A Textbook of Engineering Materials and Metallurgy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WB5RBUQW3rcC&pg=PA136|access-date=25 June 2013|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Firewall Media|isbn=978-81-7008-957-5|pages=136–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610180021/https://books.google.com/books?id=WB5RBUQW3rcC&pg=PA136|archive-date=10 June 2016}}</ref> ===عمارتي ڪٽ=== {{Main|Seagram Building|Roman Bronze Works}} {{See also|General Bronze Corporation}} [[File:Seagram Building (6268045534).jpg|thumb|alt=Refer to caption |The [[Seagram Building]] viewed from across [[Park Avenue]] at 52nd Street]] The [[Seagram Building]] on [[New York City]]'s [[Park Avenue]] is the "iconic glass box sheathed in bronze, designed by [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe|Mies van der Rohe]]."<ref name="NYC Skyscrapers-Seagrams">{{cite book |last1=Nash |first1=Eric |title=Manhattan Skyscrapers |date=1999 |publisher=Princeton Architectural Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey |isbn=1-56898-181-3 |pages=105–106 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l3aAA2Di1YkC&q=seagrams |access-date=16 December 2023}}</ref> The Seagram Building was the first time that an entire building was sheathed in bronze.<ref name="NYTimes Seagrams">{{cite news |last1=Ennis |first1=Thomas |title=Building is Designer's Testament |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1957/11/10/90853549.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 |access-date=17 December 2023 |issue=November 10, 1957 |work=The New York Times |pages=313, 320 |quote=Seagram Building Marks Apex Of Mies van der Rohe's Career}}</ref> The [[General Bronze Corporation]] fabricated 3,200,000 pounds (1,600 tons) of bronze at its plant in [[Garden City, New York]].<ref name="NYTimes Seagrams" /> The Seagram Building is a 38-story, 516-foot bronze-and-[[topaz]]-tinted glass building.<ref name="NYC Skyscrapers-Seagrams" /> The building looks like a "squarish 38-story tower clad in a restrained curtain wall of metal and glass."<ref>{{cite journal |title=SEAGRAM'S PLANS PLAZA TOWER IN NEW YORK and Mies van der Rohe designs his first skyscraper office building |journal=Architectural Forum |date=April 1955 |volume=102 |issue=4 |pages=9 |url=https://usmodernist.org/AF/AF-1955-04.pdf |access-date=21 December 2023 |language=English}}</ref> "Bronze was selected because of its color, both before and after aging, its [[corrosion]] resistance, and its [[extrusion]] properties.<ref name="NYTimes Seagrams" /><ref name="NYC Skyscrapers-Seagrams" /> In 1958, it was not only the most expensive building of its time — $36 million — but it was the first building in the world with floor-to-ceiling glass walls.<ref name="NYC Skyscrapers-Seagrams" /> Mies van der Rohe achieved the crisp edges that were custom-made with specific detailing by General Bronze<ref name="NYTimes Seagrams" /> and "even the screws that hold in the fixed glass-plate windows were made of brass."<ref name="NYC Skyscrapers-Seagrams" /> ===سڪا ۽ تمغا=== [[File:Pisanello, medaglia di giovanni paleologo, I esemplare del bargello.JPG|thumb|left|[[Medal of the Emperor John VIII Palaiologos]] during his visit to Florence, by [[Pisanello]] (1438). The legend reads, in Greek: "John the Palaiologos, ''[[basileus]]'' and ''[[autokrator]]'' of the Romans".]] Bronze has also been used in coins; most "copper" coins are actually bronze, with about 4 percent tin and 1 percent zinc.<ref name="bronze {{!}} alloy">{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/bronze-alloy|title=bronze {{!}} alloy |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |edition=Online |access-date=2016-07-21|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730212401/https://www.britannica.com/technology/bronze-alloy|archive-date=2016-07-30}}</ref> As with coins, bronze has been used in the manufacture of various types of [[medal]]s for centuries, and "[[bronze medal]]s" are known in contemporary times for being awarded for third place in sporting competitions and other events. The term is now often used for third place even when no actual bronze medal is awarded. The usage in part arose from the trio of [[gold]], [[silver]] and bronze to represent the first three [[Ages of Man]] in Greek mythology: the [[Golden Age]], when men lived among the gods; the [[Silver age]], where youth lasted a hundred years; and the [[Greek Heroic Age|Bronze Age]], the era of heroes. It was first adopted for a sports event at the [[1904 Summer Olympics]]. At the 1896 event, silver was awarded to winners and bronze to runners-up, while at 1900 other prizes were given rather than medals. Bronze is the normal material for the related form of the [[plaquette]], normally a rectangular work of art with a scene in [[relief]], for a collectors' market. Bronze is also associated with eighth wedding anniversaries. ===Fountains and doors=== [[File:United States Supreme Court Building Front Door photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg|thumb|right|[[United States Supreme Court Building|US Supreme Court Building's massive bronze doors]] by Gilbert Donnelly Sr. and his son John Donnelly Jr.]]The largest and most ornate bronze fountain known to be cast in the world was by the [[Roman Bronze Works]] and [[General Bronze Corporation]] in 1952. The material used for the fountain, known as statuary bronze, is a [[alloy|quaternary alloy]] made of copper, zinc, tin, and lead, and traditionally golden brown in color. This was made for the [[Andrew W. Mellon Memorial Fountain]] in [[Federal Triangle]] in Washington, DC.<ref name="Anrew Mellon fountain">{{cite web |title=Andrew W. Mellon Memorial Fountain Restored by National Gallery of Art in Honor of 75th Anniversary with a Major Grant from Richard King Mellon Foundation —Monumental Bronze Fountain Operational on March 17— |url=https://www.nga.gov/press/2016/fountain.html |website=National Gallery of Art |access-date=23 December 2023 |location=Washington, DC |quote=Andrew W. Mellon Memorial Fountain, situated at the apex of the Federal Triangle complex in downtown Washington, DC}}</ref> Another example of the massive, ornate design projects of bronze, and attributed to General Bronze/Roman Bronze Works were the massive bronze doors to the [[United States Supreme Court Building]] in Washington, DC.<ref name="Supreme Court Bronze Doors">{{cite web |title=The Bronze Doors |url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/bronzedoors_5-7-2018_final.pdf |website=Supreme Court |publisher=The Supreme Court |access-date=23 December 2023 |location=Washington, DC |language=English |quote="Out of all of our monumental projects, spread over two lifetimes, the Supreme Court doors are the only work that we ever signed – that's how important they were." – JOHN DONNELLY, JR., Sculptor}}</ref> ===Lamps=== Tiffany Glass Studios, made famous by [[Louis C. Tiffany]] commonly referred to his product as [[favrile glass]] or "[[Tiffany glass]]", and used bronze in their artisan work for his [[Tiffany lamp]]s.<ref name="Tifffany Morse Museum">{{cite web |title=Tiffany Studios |url=https://morsemuseum.org/louis-comfort-tiffany/tiffany-studios/ |website=The Charles Hosmer Morse Museum of American Art |access-date=17 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="Tiffany Nash book">{{cite book |last1=Eidelberg |first1=Martin |last2=McClelland |first2=Nany |title=Behind the Scenes of Tiffany Glassmaking: the Nash Notebooks |date=2001 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=9780312282653 |pages=2–10 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Id9kQgAACAAJ}}</ref><ref name="Tiffany Studios">{{cite web |title=A Chronology of Louis C. Tiffany and Tiffany Studios |url=https://www.tiffanystudios.org/tiffany-chronology.html |website=Tiffany Studios |access-date=17 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Roman Bronze Works |url=https://www.cartermuseum.org/artists/roman-bronze-works |website=Amon Carter Museum of American Art |publisher=Carter Museum |access-date=23 December 2023 |language=English}}</ref>[[File:Wisteria Tiffany Studios Lamp.jpg|left|thumb|[[Tiffany lamp|Tiffany]] table lamp with bronze]] ===Mechanical bearings and springs=== It is still widely used today for springs, bearings, bushings, automobile transmission pilot bearings, and similar fittings, and is particularly common in the bearings of small [[electric motor]]s. Phosphor bronze is particularly suited to precision-grade bearings and springs. It is also used in [[guitar]] and [[piano]] strings. [[Plain bearing#Bronze|Bearings]] are often made of bronze for its friction properties. It can be impregnated with oil to make the proprietary [[Oilite]] and similar material for bearings. Aluminium bronze is hard and wear-resistant, and is used for bearings and machine tool ways.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.copper.org/resources/properties/microstructure/al_bronzes.html |title=Resources: Standards & Properties – Copper & Copper Alloy Microstructures: Aluminum Bronzes |publisher=Copper Development Association Inc. |url-status=live |access-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205130419/http://www.copper.org/resources/properties/microstructure/al_bronzes.html |archive-date=2013-12-05 }}</ref> The Doehler Die Casting Co. of Toledo, Ohio were known for the production of [[Aluminium Bronze|Brastil]], a high tensile corrosion resistant bronze alloy.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.utoledo.edu/library/canaday/HTML_findingaids/MSS-202.html | title=Doehler-Jarvis Company Collection, MSS-202 }}</ref><ref>Woldman's Engineering Alloys, 9th Edition 1936, American Society for Metals, {{ISBN|978-0-87170-691-1}}</ref> ===Mirrors=== [[File:MirrorDSCF6602.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|left|Decorated back of a [[Celtic art|Celtic]] bronze mirror, 120–80 BCE, [[St Keverne]], England]] {{Main|Bronze mirror}} Before it became possible to produce glass with acceptably flat surfaces, bronze was a standard material for mirrors. Bronze was used for this purpose in many parts of the world, probably based on independent discoveries. Bronze mirrors survive from the Egyptian [[Middle Kingdom of Egypt|Middle Kingdom]] (2040–1750 BCE), and China from at least {{circa|550 BCE}}. In Europe, the [[Etruscans]] were making bronze mirrors in the sixth century BCE, and [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] mirrors followed the same pattern. Although other materials such as [[speculum metal]] had come into use, and Western glass mirrors had largely taken over, bronze mirrors were still being made in Japan and elsewhere in the eighteenth century, and are still made on a small scale in [[Kerala]], India. ===Musical instruments=== [[File:Bianzhong.jpg|thumb|Chinese bells:[[Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng]], [[Spring and Autumn period]] (476–221 BCE)]] [[File:Picsingingbowls.jpg|thumb|[[Standing bell|Singing bowl]]s from the 16th to 18th centuries. Annealed bronze continues to be made in the Himalayas]] Bronze is the preferred metal for [[bell (instrument)|bells]] in the form of a high tin bronze alloy known as [[bell metal]], which is typically about 23% tin. Nearly all professional [[cymbal]]s are made from bronze, which gives a desirable balance of durability and [[timbre]]. Several types of bronze are used, commonly [[B20 (bronze)|B20 bronze]], which is roughly 20% tin, 80% copper, with traces of silver, or the tougher B8 bronze made from 8% tin and 92% copper. As the tin content in a bell or cymbal rises, the timbre drops.<ref>{{cite book|first=Lothar|last=Von Falkenhausen|title=Suspended Music: Chime-Bells in the Culture of Bronze Age China|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles|publisher=University of California Press|year=1993|page=106|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ve1h53NTNW0C&pg=PA106|isbn=978-0-520-07378-4|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526225554/https://books.google.com/books?id=ve1h53NTNW0C&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106|archive-date=2016-05-26}}</ref> Bronze is also used for the windings of steel and [[nylon]] strings of various [[String instrument|stringed instruments]] such as the [[double bass]], piano, [[harpsichord]], and guitar. Bronze strings are commonly reserved on pianoforte for the lower pitch tones, as they possess a superior sustain quality to that of high-tensile steel.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book |last=McCreight |first=Tim |title=Metals technic: a collection of techniques for metalsmiths |publisher=Brynmorgen Press |date=1992 |isbn=0-9615984-3-3}}{{page needed|date=August 2022}}</ref> Bronzes of various metallurgical properties are widely used in struck [[idiophones]] around the world, notably bells, singing bowls, [[gongs]], cymbals, and other idiophones from Asia. Examples include [[Tibet]]an [[singing bowls]], temple bells of many sizes and shapes, [[Javanese people|Javanese]] [[gamelan]], and other bronze [[musical instrument]]s. The earliest bronze archeological finds in Indonesia date from 1–2 BCE, including flat plates probably suspended and struck by a wooden or bone mallet.<ref name="ReferenceA" /><ref>{{cite book |last=LaPlantz |first=David |title=Jewelry – Metalwork 1991 Survey: Visions – Concepts – Communication |publisher=S. LaPlantz |date=1991 |isbn=0-942002-05-9}}{{page needed|date=August 2022}}</ref> Ancient bronze drums from Thailand and Vietnam date back 2,000 years. Bronze bells from Thailand and Cambodia date back to 3600 BCE. Some companies are now making [[saxophone]]s from phosphor bronze (3.5 to 10% tin and up to 1% phosphorus content).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sax.co.uk/signature-custom-alto-sax-phosphor-bronze-big-bell.ir |title=www.sax.co.uk |access-date=18 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811002147/http://www.sax.co.uk/signature-custom-alto-sax-phosphor-bronze-big-bell.ir |archive-date=11 August 2014 }}</ref> Bell bronze/B20 is used to make the tone rings of many professional model [[banjo]]s.<ref>{{cite book |first=Roger H. |last=Siminoff |title=Siminoff's Luthiers Glossary |location=New York |publisher=Hal Leonard |date=2008 |page=13 |isbn=9781423442929}}</ref> The tone ring is a heavy (usually {{cvt|3|lb|disp=semicolon}}) folded or arched metal ring attached to a thick wood rim, over which a skin, or most often, a plastic membrane (or head) is stretched – it is the bell bronze that gives the banjo a crisp powerful lower register and clear bell-like treble register.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Bronze? {{!}} National Bell Festival |url=https://www.bells.org/blog/what-bronze |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=www.bells.org}}</ref> ===Sculptures=== {{Main|Bronze sculpture}} {{See also|Ormolu}} Bronze is widely used for casting [[bronze sculpture]]s. Common bronze alloys have the unusual and desirable property of expanding slightly just before they set, thus filling the finest details of a mould. Then, as the bronze cools, it shrinks a little, making it easier to separate from the mould.<ref>{{cite book |last=Savage |first=George |title=A Concise History of Bronzes |publisher=Frederick A. Praeger, Inc. Publishers |location=New York |date=1968 |page=17}}</ref> The [[Assyria]]n king [[Sennacherib]] (704–681 BCE) claims to have been the first to cast monumental bronze statues (of up to 30 tonnes) using two-part moulds instead of the [[Lost-wax casting|lost-wax method]].<ref>for a translation of his inscription see the appendix in {{cite book |author-link=Stephanie Dalley |last=Dalley |first=Stephanie |date=2013 |title=The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: an elusive World Wonder traced |publisher=OUP |isbn=978-0-19-966226-5}}</ref> Bronze statues were regarded as the highest form of sculpture in [[Ancient Greek art]], though survivals are few, as bronze objects were frequently melted down for reuse throughout the Classical period. Many of the most famous Greek bronze sculptures are known through Roman copies in marble, which were more likely to survive. In India, bronze sculptures from the [[Kushana]] ([[Chausa hoard]]) and [[Gupta]] periods ([[Brahma from Mirpur-Khas]], Akota Hoard, [[Sultanganj Buddha]]) and later periods ([[Hansi]] Hoard) have been found.<ref>Indian bronze masterpieces: the great tradition: specially published for the Festival of India, Asharani Mathur, Sonya Singh, Festival of India, Brijbasi Printers, Dec 1, 1988</ref> Indian Hindu artisans from the period of the [[Chola dynasty|Chola empire]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] used bronze to create intricate statues via the lost-wax casting method with ornate detailing depicting the deities of [[Hinduism]]. The art form survives to this day, with many silpis, craftsmen, working in the areas of [[Swamimalai]] and [[Chennai]]. In antiquity other cultures also produced works of [[High culture|high art]] using bronze. For example, in Europe, Grecian bronzes typically of figures from [[Greek mythology]]; in [[east Asia]], Chinese ritual bronzes of the [[Shang dynasty|Shang]] and [[Zhou dynasty]]—more often ceremonial vessels but including some figurine examples. Bronze continues into modern times as one of the materials of choice for monumental statuary. The medieval and early-modern [[Benin Bronzes|Castings]] of the [[Benin Empire]] (13–19th century CE), that are often labelled Bronzes, are technically cast, from an often leaded, [[Brass#Africa|Brass]] alloy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Recovering the Brilliance of a Benin Bronze |url=https://localhost:5000/about-the-met/conservation-and-scientific-research/conservation-stories/2020/benin-horn-player |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Benin Bronzes |url=https://momaa.org/benin-bronzes/ |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=MoMAA {{!}} Affordable Art Gallery & Lifestyle |language=en-GB}}</ref> <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px"> File:Dancing girl of Mohenjo-daro.jpg|The ''[[Dancing Girl (prehistoric sculpture)|Dancing Girl]]'', an [[Indus Valley civilisation|Harappan]] artwork; 2400–1900 BCE; bronze; height: 10.8&nbsp;cm; [[National Museum, New Delhi|National Museum]] ([[New Delhi]], India) File:Trundholm sun chariot animation.gif|[[Trundholm sun chariot]]; [[Nordic Bronze Age]], {{Circa|14th century BCE}}; [[National Museum of Denmark]], [[Copenhagen]] File:商青銅鼎-Ritual Tripod Cauldron (Ding) MET DP164965.jpg|[[Chinese ritual bronzes|Chinese ritual bronze]] tripod cauldron ([[Ding (vessel)|ding]]); {{Circa|13th century BCE}}; bronze: height with handles: 25.4&nbsp;cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City) Kushite Pharaoh MET DT8840.jpg|[[Ancient Egyptian art|Ancient Egyptian]] statuette of a [[Kingdom of Kush|Kushite]] [[pharaoh]]; 713–664 BCE; bronze, precious-metal leaf; height: 7.6&nbsp;cm, width: 3.2&nbsp;cm, depth: 3.6&nbsp;cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art File:Bronze tripod base for a thymiaterion (incense burner) MET DP21045.jpg|[[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] tripod base for a thymiaterion (incense burner); 475–450 BCE; bronze; height: 11&nbsp;cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art File:God of Cape Artemision 01.JPG|The ''[[Artemision Bronze]]''; 460–450 BCE; bronze; height: 2.1 m; [[National Archaeological Museum, Athens|National Archaeological Museum]] ([[Athens]]) File:Egypt, Greco-Roman Period, probably Ptolemaic Dynasty - Statuette of Isis and Horus - 1940.613 - Cleveland Museum of Art.tif|Ancient Egyptian statuette of [[Isis]] and [[Horus]]; 305–30&nbsp;BCE; solid cast of bronze; 4.8 × 10.3&nbsp;cm; [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] ([[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]], US) Bronze statue of Eros sleeping MET DP123903.jpg|[[Ancient Greek art|Ancient Greek]] statue of [[Eros]] sleeping; 3rd–2nd century BCE; bronze; 41.9 × 35.6 × 85.2&nbsp;cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art Buddha Offering Protection MET DP-15581-036.jpg|Buddha offering protection; late 6th–early 7th century; copper alloy; height: 47&nbsp;cm, width: 15.6&nbsp;cm, diameter: 14.3&nbsp;cm; from [[India]] (probably [[Bihar]] / [[Later Gupta dynasty]]); Metropolitan Museum of Art File:Krishna Rukmini Satyabhama Garuda.jpg|[[Krishna]] with his consorts [[Rukmini]] and [[Satyabhama]] and his mount [[Garuda]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]], late 11th–12th century File:NatarajaMET.JPG|Bronze [[Chola]] Statue of ''[[Nataraja]]'' at the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York City File:Caldron MET cdi49-69-6s3.jpg|French or South Netherlandish Medieval caldron; 13th or 14th century; bronze and wrought iron; height: 37.5&nbsp;cm, diameter: 34.3&nbsp;cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art File:Pair of firedogs (chenets) MET DP170900.jpg|Pair of French [[Rococo]] firedogs (chenets); {{Circa|1750}}; gilt bronze; dimensions of the first: 52.7 x 48.3 x 26.7&nbsp;cm, of the second: 45.1 x 49.1 x 24.8&nbsp;cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art File:Mantel clock (pendule de chiminée) MET DT6546.jpg|French [[Neoclassicism|Neoclassical]] mantel clock (pendule de cheminée); 1757–1760; gilded and patinated bronze, oak veneered with ebony, white enamel with black numerals, and other materials; 48.3 × 69.9 × 27.9&nbsp;cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art File:Pair of firedogs MET DT8904.jpg|Pair of French [[Chinoiserie]] firedogs; 1760–1770; gilt bronze; height (each): 41.9&nbsp;cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art File:Pair of vases MET DP170824.jpg|Pair of Chinese vases with French Rococo mounts; the vases: early 18th century, the mounts: 1760–70; hard-paste porcelain with gilt-bronze mounts; 32.4 x 16.5 x 12.4&nbsp;cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art File:Mantel clock ("Pendule Uranie") MET DP346441.jpg|French Neoclassical mantel clock ("Pendule Uranie"); 1764–1770; case: patinated bronze and gilded bronze, Dial: white enamel, movement: brass and steel; 71.1 × 52.1 × 26.7&nbsp;cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art File:Pair of mounted vases (vase à monter) MET DP102639.jpg|Pair of mounted vases (vase à monter); 1765–70; soft-paste porcelain and French gilt bronze; 28.9 x 17.1&nbsp;cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art File:Winter MET DP162240.jpg|''Winter''; by [[Jean-Antoine Houdon]]; 1787; bronze; 143.5 x 39.1 x 50.5&nbsp;cm, height of the pedestal: 86.4&nbsp;cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art File:Statue at Rockefeller Centre.jpg| ''[[Prometheus (Manship)|Prometheus]]'', [[Paul Manship|Paul Manship's]] classic [[gilding|gilded]] bronze sculpture, 1934, [[Rockefeller Center]], [[New York City]] File:New York City, May 2014 - 033.JPG|''[[Atlas (statue)|Atlas]]'' by [[Lee Lawrie]], bronze sculpture, 1937, [[Rockefeller Center]], [[New York City]] </gallery> ===طب=== '''ڪٽ''' (ٻيا نالا عربي طاليفون، فارسي روئين)، هيڊي رنگ تي ڌاتوءَ جو قسم آهي جو ٻہ يا ٽي ڌاتن کي گڏ ڪري ٺاهيو ويندو آھي، مختلف بيمارين جي علاج لاء استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي. لقوي جي علاج لاء هن مان آرسي جوڙائي استعمال ڪرائي ويندي آھي جئين لقوي وارو اها آرسي ڏسندو رهندو ته منھن جي ٽيڏاڻ ڇڏي ويندي. هن کي ساڙي ٻورو ڪري ڦٽن ۽ ناسورن تي مرهم ڪري رکجي تہ اهي ڇٽي ويندا اهن.<ref>ڪتاب: فرھنگ جعفري؛ ليکڪ: حڪيم محمد جعفر؛ ايڊيشن: 2007ع؛ پبلشر: [[سنڌي ادبي بورڊ]]، ڄامشورو.</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو== * [[ڪانسي جو دور]] * [[ٽامي جي مصرعن جي فهرست]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{sister project links|d=Q34095|wikt=bronze|c=Category:Bronze|n=no|s=1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Bronze|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no|b=no|v=no|q=no}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061216180940/http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2005/bell/bell.html Bronze bells] (archived 16 December 2006) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090523044615/http://wildlifeart.org/Foundry/index2.html "Lost Wax, Found Bronze": lost-wax casting explained] (archived 23 May 2009) * {{cite web|title = Flash animation of the lost-wax casting process|publisher = [[James Peniston|James Peniston Sculpture]]|url = http://www.jepsculpture.com/bronze.shtml|access-date = 2008-11-03}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160416001549/http://web.comhem.se/vikingbronze/ Viking Bronze – Ancient and Early Medieval bronze casting] (archived 16 April 2016) {{Jewellery}} {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:ڪانسي]] [[زمرو:مصرع]] [[زمرو:ڌاتو سازي]] [[زمرو:ٽامي جا مصرع]] [[زمرو:ٽين جو مصرع]] el7h7ovsv7w2vme5lptjgmiyaxncvtj 0 41611 373314 256189 2026-04-25T01:53:59Z Intisar Ali 8681 صفحي کي [[حبيب بن المهلب]] ڏانھن چوريو 373314 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو[[حبيب بن المهلب]] 9ka9xt0qfxlnh0s2o7igpbkout64gmm 0 42050 373249 165652 2026-04-24T18:53:45Z Memon2025 21315 /* حوالا */ 373249 wikitext text/x-wiki [[فائل:Caduceus.svg|thumb|left|upright=0.45|[[ڪيڊيوسيئس]] کي اڄ جي دؤر م ڪامرس جو نشان سمجھيو ويندو آھي. <ref>Hans Biedermann, James Hulbert (trans.), ''Dictionary of Symbolism - Cultural Icons and the Meanings behind Them'', p. 54.</ref>جنھن سان يوناني ڏند ڪٿائن مطابق مشتري (Mercury) سان منصوب ڪيو ويندو آهي]] '''تجارت''': '''ڪامرس''': '''Commerce''': تجارت م ھر اھا سرگرمي شامل آھي جيڪا ڪنھن بہ شئي جي پيداوار کان وٺي ان جي مارڪيٽ ۾ منتقلي ، ٻڌي وڪري(wholesale) ۽ ريزڪي وڪري(retail) مان گذري صارف تائين پھچي استعمال ۾ اچي.ان مرحلي ۾ ويمو، اشتھار، ٽرانسپورٽ، گودامن ذريعي ذخير جي بندوبست، ڪميشن ايجنٽ جو خدمتون ، دلالي(brokerage) ۽ بينڪاري(banking) به شامل ھوندا آھن.اھي سڀ عمل مجموعي طور تي تجارتي سرگرميون سڏيا ويندا آهن. لفظ تجارت، ڌنڌو ۽ صنعت عام طور تي ھڪٻئي جو نعم البدل سمجھيا ويندا آهن پر حقيقت ۾ اھي ھڪٻئي کان مختلف آهن.شين ۽ خدمتن جي وڏي پيماني تي مٽاسٽا کي ڪامرس چئبو آهي.<ref>Compare: {{cite web |url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/commerce |title=commerce |publisher=Oxford University Press |quote = commerce [...] NOUN [...] ''[mass noun]'' [...] 1 The activity of buying and selling, especially on a large scale. }}</ref> ==نالو ۽ معني== لفظ ڪامرس (Commerce) لاطيني ٻولي جي لفظ ڪمرشيم ''commercium'' مان نڪتل آهي. ان م ڪم ''cum'' جي معني ''گڏ'' (together) ۽ مرڪس ''merx'' معني واپار (merchandise) <ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Commerce|volume=6|page=766}}</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:تجارت]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري وجود جا قسم]] 59050zi0kfpc4h53mpqkz52gnnmvcps 0 42247 373187 335827 2026-04-24T15:32:05Z Memon2025 21315 373187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|U.S. state}} {{distinguish|Wa State|}} {{Infobox U.S. state | name = واشنگٽن<br> Washington | image_flag = Flag of Washington.svg | flag_link = Flag of Washington | image_seal = Seal of Washington.svg | seal_link = Seal of Washington | image_map = Washington in United States.svg | flag_alt = Green flag with the circular Seal of Washington centered on it. | seal_alt = A circular seal with the words "The Seal of the State of Washington, 1889" centered around it from top to bottom. In the center, a man with gray hair poses. | map_alt = Washington is located on the West Coast along the line that divides the United States from neighboring Canada. It runs entirely from west to east. It includes a small peninsula across a bay which is discontinuous with the rest of the state, along with a geographical oddity under British Columbia, Canada. | nickname = "The Evergreen State" (unofficial)<ref name=Symbols@WA.gov/> | motto = Al-ki or Alki, "by and by" in [[Chinook Jargon]] | anthem = "[[Washington, My Home]]" {{break}}{{center|}} | Former = Washington Territory | seat = [[Olympia, Washington|Olympia]] | LargestCity = [[Seattle]] | LargestCounty = [[King County, Washington|King]] | LargestMetro = [[Seattle metropolitan area|Seattle]] | Governor = {{nowrap|[[Jay Inslee]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])}} | Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[Denny Heck]] (D)}} | Legislature = [[Washington State Legislature|State Legislature]] | Upperhouse = [[Washington State Senate|State Senate]] | Lowerhouse = [[Washington House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] | Judiciary = [[Washington Supreme Court]] | Senators = {{nowrap|[[Patty Murray]] (D)}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Maria Cantwell]] (D)}} | Representative = 8 [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]]<br />2 [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] | area_total_sq_mi = 71,362 | area_total_km2 = 184,827 | area_land_sq_mi = 66,544 | area_land_km2 = 172,587 | area_water_sq_mi = 4,757 | area_water_km2 = 12,237 | area_water_percent = 6.6 | area_rank = 18th | width_mi = 360 | width_km = 580 | length_mi = 240 | length_km = 400 | elevation_max_point = [[Mount Rainier]] | elevation_max_ft = 14,411 | elevation_max_m = 4,392 | elevation_ft = 1,700 | elevation_m = 520 | elevation_min_point = Pacific Ocean | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_min_m = 0 | population_demonym = Washingtonian | OfficialLang = None ''([[de jure]])''<br />English ''([[de facto]])'' | population_rank = 13th | population_as_of = 2023 | 2010Pop = 7,812,880 | population_density_rank = 25th | 2000DensityUS = 103 | 2000Density = 39.6 | MedianHouseholdIncome = $70,979 (2017)<ref name=2015CensusH8/> | IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|7th]]<ref name=2015CensusH8/> | AdmittanceOrder = 42nd | AdmittanceDate = November 11, 1889 | timezone1 = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]] | utc_offset1 = –08:00 | timezone2_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]] | utc_offset2_DST = –07:00 | Longitude = 116°55′ W to 124°46′ W | Latitude = 45°33′ N to [[49th parallel north|49° N]] | postal_code = WA | TradAbbreviation = Wash. | iso_code = US-WA | website = https://wa.gov/ | Capital = | Representatives = | official_name = واشنگٽن رياست (State of Washington) | module = {{infobox network service provider|child=yes|asn=4193}} }} '''واشنگٽن''' (Washington) سرڪاري طور تي رياست واشنگٽن (Washington State)، آمريڪا جي پئسفڪ اتر اولهه واري علائقي ۾ سڀ کان اولھ واري رياست آھي. ان کي قومي راڄڌاني کان ڌار ڪرڻ لاءِ، اڪثر ڪري واشنگٽن رياست سڏيو ويندو آهي.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washington.edu/brand/editorial-elements/word-list/|title=Word list and common terms|website=University of Washington|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902173118/https://www.washington.edu/brand/editorial-elements/word-list/|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|quote=Lowercase ''state'': state of Washington or Washington state. Note that Washington State refers to the university in Pullman, Washington.|url-status=live}}</ref> ٻنهي جو نالو جارج واشنگٽن (پهريون آمريڪي صدر) لاءِ رکيو ويو آهي. واشنگٽن جون سرحدون اولهه ۾ [[پيسفڪ سمنڊ]]، ڏکڻ ۾ اوريگون، اوڀر ۾ ايڊاهو ۽ اتر ۾ ڪينيڊين صوبي [[برٽش ڪولمبيا]] سان لڳن ٿيون. رياست واشنگٽن جي علائقي جي الهندي حصي مان ٺاهي وئي، جيڪا برطانوي سلطنت طرفان 1846ع جي اوريگن معاهدي ۾ ڏني وئي هئي. ان کي 1889ع ۾ 42هين رياست طور يونين ۾ شامل ڪيو ويو. اولمپيا رياست جي گاديءَ جو هنڌ آهي<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://klewtv.com/news/local/town-hall-tackle-issues-plaguing-washington-state-veterans|title=Town Hall Tackle Issues plaguing Washington State veterans|last=Araradian|first=Armen|work=KLEW|access-date=2018-06-15|language=en-US}}</ref> ۽ سيآٽل شھر سڀ کان وڌيڪ آبادي وارو علائقو آهي. واشنگٽن 18هين وڏي رياست آهي، جنهن جي ايراضي 71,362 چورس ميل (1,84,830 چورس ڪلوميٽر) آهي ۽ 13هين وڏي آبادي واري رياست آهي، جنهن ۾ 78 لک کان وڌيڪ ماڻهو رهن ٿا. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/WA|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Washington|date=January 7, 2024|website=United States Census Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121043306/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/WA|archive-date=November 21, 2021|access-date=January 7, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> واشنگٽن جي رهاڪن جي اڪثريت سيآٽل ميٽروپوليٽن واري علائقي ۾ رهي ٿي، ٽرانسپورٽ، ڪاروبار ۽ صنعت جو مرڪز پوگیت کاڙي،<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Washington-state|title=Washington state, United States|last1=Augustyn|first1=Adam|last2=Critchfield|first2=Howard J.|date=August 12, 2021|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902162438/https://www.britannica.com/place/Washington-state|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ecology.wa.gov/Water-Shorelines/Puget-Sound|title=Puget Sound|website=Washington State Department of Ecology|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902162732/https://ecology.wa.gov/Water1s-11¹/Puget-Sound|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> پئسفڪ سمنڊ جو هڪ انٽ جنهن ۾ ڪيترن ئي ٻيٽ، اونھا فجورڊ ۽ گليشيئر ٺاهيل نار آھن، تي آهي. رياست جو باقي حصو اولهه ۾ اونھی معتدل برساتي ٻيلن تي مشتمل آهي؛ اولهه، مرڪز، اتر اوڀر ۽ ڏور ڏکڻ اوڀر ۾ جبلن جون قطارون؛ ۽ اوڀر، مرڪز ۽ ڏکڻ ۾ هڪ نيم خشڪ بيسن وارو علائقو، جيڪو سخت زراعت جي حوالي ڪيو ويو آهي. واشنگٽن اولهه سامونڊي ڪناري ۽ مغربي آمريڪا ۾ ڪيليفورنيا کان پوءِ ٻي وڏي آبادي واري رياست آهي. مائونٽ رينيئر، هڪ فعال اسٽريٽو آتش فشان آهي، رياست جي بلند ترين بلندي تي 14,411 فوٽ (4,392 ميٽر) آهي ۽ اهو گڏيل رياستن ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ جغرافيائي طور تي نمايان جبل آهي. واشنگٽن هڪ معروف ڪاٺ (Lumber) پيدا ڪندڙ آهي؛ ان جي بيٺڪ مٿاڇري ڊگلس فر، هيملڪ، پانڊروسا پائن، سفيد پائن، اسپروس، لارچ ۽ چیل (ديودار) جي اسٽينڊن سان مالا مال آهي. رياست آمريڪا ۾ انب، ناشپاتيون، بليو بيري، مٺي چيري ۽ اسپئرمنٽ تيل جو سڀ کان وڏو پيدا ڪندڙ آهي ۽ زرداني، اسپرگس، خشڪ خوردني مٽر، انگور، دال، پيپرمنٽ تيل ۽ آلو جي پيداوار ۾ اعلي نمبر تي آهي.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpolicy.org/publications/detail/agriculture-the-cornerstone-of-washingtons-economy|title=Agriculture: The cornerstone of Washington's economy|last=Cargill|first=Chris|date=March 23, 2016|website=Washington Policy Center|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902164558/https://www.washingtonpolicy.org/publications/detail/agriculture-the-cornerstone-of-washingtons-economy|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://agr.wa.gov/washington-agriculture|title=Washington Agriculture|website=Washington State Department of Agriculture|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902164747/https://agr.wa.gov/washington-agriculture|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> چوپائي مال، جانورن جون شيون ۽ تجارتي ماهي گيري، خاص طور تي سامون، هيليبٽ ۽ باتم مڇي، پڻ رياست جي معيشت ۾ اهم ڪردار ادا ڪن ٿا.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=https://www.seattlebusinessmag.com/economy/shining-light-washingtons-robust-commercial-fishing-industry-during-national-seafood-month|title=Shining the Light on Washington's Robust Commercial Fishing Industry During National Seafood Month|last=Smith|first=Rob|date=September 11, 2019|website=Seattle Business Magazine|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902165619/https://www.seattlebusinessmag.com/economy/shining-light-washingtons-robust-commercial-fishing-industry-during-national-seafood-month|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=}}</ref> واشنگٽن شراب جي پيداوار ۾ ڪيليفورنيا کان ٻئي نمبر تي آهي. واشنگٽن ۾ تعميراتي صنعتن ۾ جهاز، ميزائل، ٻيڙيون ٺاهڻ ۽ ٻيا نقل و حمل جو سامان، کاڌي جي پروسيسنگ، دھات ۽ دھات جي شين، ڪيميائي مال ۽ مشينري، شامل آهن.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.commerce.wa.gov/growing-the-economy/key-sectors/|title=Key Industries in Washington State|website=Washington State Department of Commerce|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901152224/https://www.commerce.wa.gov/growing-the-economy/key-sectors/|archive-date=September 1, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> واشنگٽن ۾ هڪ هزار کان وڌيڪ ڊيم آهن، جن ۾ گرانڊ ڪولي ڊيم شامل آهن، جيڪي مختلف مقصدن لاءِ ٺاهيا ويا آهن جن ۾ آبپاشي، بجلي پيدا ڪرڻ، ٻوڏ ڪنٽرول ۽ پاڻي ذخيرو ڪرڻ شامل آهن. ملڪ جي سڀ کان امير ترين ۽ سماجي طور تي لبرل رياستن مان هڪ،<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/liberals-outnumber-conservatives-for-first-time-in-washington-state-gallup-poll-shows/|title=Liberals outnumber conservatives for first time in Washington state, Gallup poll shows|last=Balk|first=Gene|date=February 27, 2018|work=The Seattle Times|access-date=May 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902170330/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/liberals-outnumber-conservatives-for-first-time-in-washington-state-gallup-poll-shows/|archive-date=September 2, 2021}}</ref> واشنگٽن اعلي ترين زندگي جي اميد ۽ روزگار جي شرح لاء مسلسل مٿين رياستن ۾ شامل آهي.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/travel/experience/america/fifty-states/2018/11/06/whats-best-american-state-live-all-50-states-ranked/1901557002/|title=America's best states to live in, ranked|work=USA Today|access-date=November 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107001023/https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/travel/experience/america/fifty-states/2018/11/06/whats-best-american-state-live-all-50-states-ranked/1901557002/|archive-date=November 7, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ==نالو== ==تاريخ== ==جاگرافي== ==حڪومت== ==آبادي== ==معيشت== ==ٽرانسپورٽ== ==تعليم== ==صحت جي سار سنڀار== ==ثقافت== ==پڻ ڏسو== ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Sister project links|voy=Washington (state)}} *{{Official website}} * [https://stateofwatourism.com/ The official tourism site of the State of Washington] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080916104630/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Washington Washington State Databases] * [http://www.secstate.wa.gov/history/ Secretary of State's Washington History website] * [http://www.courts.wa.gov/education/constitution/index.cfm Constitution of the State of Washington] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027081126/https://www.courts.wa.gov/education/constitution/index.cfm |date=2022-10-27 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030207220912/http://www.leg.wa.gov/wac/ Washington Administrative Code (State Administrative Rules)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20021202211313/http://search.leg.wa.gov/pub/textsearch/default.asp State Code Search Tool] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080919170212/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=WA Energy Profile for Washington] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061230094502/http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=WA USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Washington] * [http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=53&StateName=Washington Washington State Facts from USDA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825232432/http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=53&StateName=Washington |date=2016-08-25 }} * [https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/WA U.S. Census Bureau Quick Facts: Washington] * [http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050731224536/http://www.historylink.org/this_week/index.cfm Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141009222838/http://policescanner.info/states/washington Police Scanner Information for Washington state] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130117082233/http://digital.lib.cwu.edu/cgi-bin/library.cgi?site=localhost&a=p&p=about&c=edwardwn&l=en&w=utf-8 CWU Brooks Library Edward W. Nolan Photograph Collection] * {{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Washington}} * {{OSM relation|165479}} {{s-start}} {{s-bef|before=[[Montana]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of U.S. states by date of statehood]]|years=Admitted on November 11, 1889 (42nd)}} {{s-aft|after=[[Idaho]]}} {{s-end}} {{Geographic location | Northwest = {{flag|British Columbia}}, {{flag|Canada}} | North = {{flagu|British Columbia}}, {{flagu|Canada}} | Northeast = | West = Pacific Ocean | Centre = {{flag|Washington}}: [[Outline of Washington (state)|Outline]] • [[Index of Washington (state)-related articles|Index]] | East = {{flag|Idaho}} | Southwest = Pacific Ocean<br />{{flag|Hawaii}} | South = {{flag|Oregon}} | Southeast = }} {{Navboxes |title = <span style="font-size:11pt;">Topics related to Washington (state)</span><br />''The Evergreen State'' |list = {{Washington|expanded}} {{Protected areas of Washington (state)}} {{WAMilitary}} {{George Washington}} {{Western United States}} {{United States political divisions}} |state=expanded}} {{Authority control}} {{coord|47|-120|dim:300000_region:US-WA_type:adm1st|name=State of Washington|display=title}} [[زمرو:واشنگٽن رياست]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا جون رياستون]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا جون پئسفڪ رياستون]] [[زمرو:گڏيل آمريڪي رياستن جون رياستون]] [[زمرو:ملحق گڏيل رياستون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪا جي اولهائين ساحل جي رياستون]] [[Category:1889 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:Geography of the Pacific Northwest]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1889]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} 80wapvikv1rfkcdyp4kw6cc38hgati2 373200 373187 2026-04-24T15:47:43Z Memon2025 21315 373200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|U.S. state}} {{distinguish|Wa State|}} {{Infobox U.S. state | name = واشنگٽن<br> Washington | image_flag = Flag of Washington.svg | flag_link = Flag of Washington | image_seal = Seal of Washington.svg | seal_link = Seal of Washington | image_map = Washington in United States.svg | flag_alt = Green flag with the circular Seal of Washington centered on it. | seal_alt = A circular seal with the words "The Seal of the State of Washington, 1889" centered around it from top to bottom. In the center, a man with gray hair poses. | map_alt = Washington is located on the West Coast along the line that divides the United States from neighboring Canada. It runs entirely from west to east. It includes a small peninsula across a bay which is discontinuous with the rest of the state, along with a geographical oddity under British Columbia, Canada. | nickname = "سدا بهار رياست" (غير سرڪاري)<ref name=Symbols@WA.gov/> | motto = "by and by" ال-ڪي يا الڪي، (چنوڪ اصطلاح) | anthem = {{center|"واشنگٽن، منهنجو گهر"}} | Former = Washington Territory | seat = [[Olympia, Washington|Olympia]] | LargestCity = [[Seattle]] | LargestCounty = [[King County, Washington|King]] | LargestMetro = [[Seattle metropolitan area|Seattle]] | Governor = {{nowrap|[[Jay Inslee]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])}} | Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[Denny Heck]] (D)}} | Legislature = [[Washington State Legislature|State Legislature]] | Upperhouse = [[Washington State Senate|State Senate]] | Lowerhouse = [[Washington House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] | Judiciary = [[Washington Supreme Court]] | Senators = {{nowrap|[[Patty Murray]] (D)}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Maria Cantwell]] (D)}} | Representative = 8 [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]]<br />2 [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] | area_total_sq_mi = 71,362 | area_total_km2 = 184,827 | area_land_sq_mi = 66,544 | area_land_km2 = 172,587 | area_water_sq_mi = 4,757 | area_water_km2 = 12,237 | area_water_percent = 6.6 | area_rank = 18th | width_mi = 360 | width_km = 580 | length_mi = 240 | length_km = 400 | elevation_max_point = [[Mount Rainier]] | elevation_max_ft = 14,411 | elevation_max_m = 4,392 | elevation_ft = 1,700 | elevation_m = 520 | elevation_min_point = Pacific Ocean | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_min_m = 0 | population_demonym = Washingtonian | OfficialLang = None ''([[de jure]])''<br />English ''([[de facto]])'' | population_rank = 13th | population_as_of = 2023 | 2010Pop = 7,812,880 | population_density_rank = 25th | 2000DensityUS = 103 | 2000Density = 39.6 | MedianHouseholdIncome = $70,979 (2017)<ref name=2015CensusH8/> | IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|7th]]<ref name=2015CensusH8/> | AdmittanceOrder = 42nd | AdmittanceDate = November 11, 1889 | timezone1 = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]] | utc_offset1 = –08:00 | timezone2_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]] | utc_offset2_DST = –07:00 | Longitude = 116°55′ W to 124°46′ W | Latitude = 45°33′ N to [[49th parallel north|49° N]] | postal_code = WA | TradAbbreviation = Wash. | iso_code = US-WA | website = https://wa.gov/ | Capital = | Representatives = | official_name = واشنگٽن رياست (State of Washington) | module = {{infobox network service provider|child=yes|asn=4193}} }} '''واشنگٽن''' (Washington) سرڪاري طور تي رياست واشنگٽن (Washington State)، آمريڪا جي پئسفڪ اتر اولهه واري علائقي ۾ سڀ کان اولھ واري رياست آھي. ان کي قومي راڄڌاني کان ڌار ڪرڻ لاءِ، اڪثر ڪري واشنگٽن رياست سڏيو ويندو آهي.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washington.edu/brand/editorial-elements/word-list/|title=Word list and common terms|website=University of Washington|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902173118/https://www.washington.edu/brand/editorial-elements/word-list/|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|quote=Lowercase ''state'': state of Washington or Washington state. Note that Washington State refers to the university in Pullman, Washington.|url-status=live}}</ref> ٻنهي جو نالو جارج واشنگٽن (پهريون آمريڪي صدر) لاءِ رکيو ويو آهي. واشنگٽن جون سرحدون اولهه ۾ [[پيسفڪ سمنڊ]]، ڏکڻ ۾ اوريگون، اوڀر ۾ ايڊاهو ۽ اتر ۾ ڪينيڊين صوبي [[برٽش ڪولمبيا]] سان لڳن ٿيون. رياست واشنگٽن جي علائقي جي الهندي حصي مان ٺاهي وئي، جيڪا برطانوي سلطنت طرفان 1846ع جي اوريگن معاهدي ۾ ڏني وئي هئي. ان کي 1889ع ۾ 42هين رياست طور يونين ۾ شامل ڪيو ويو. اولمپيا رياست جي گاديءَ جو هنڌ آهي<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://klewtv.com/news/local/town-hall-tackle-issues-plaguing-washington-state-veterans|title=Town Hall Tackle Issues plaguing Washington State veterans|last=Araradian|first=Armen|work=KLEW|access-date=2018-06-15|language=en-US}}</ref> ۽ سيآٽل شھر سڀ کان وڌيڪ آبادي وارو علائقو آهي. واشنگٽن 18هين وڏي رياست آهي، جنهن جي ايراضي 71,362 چورس ميل (1,84,830 چورس ڪلوميٽر) آهي ۽ 13هين وڏي آبادي واري رياست آهي، جنهن ۾ 78 لک کان وڌيڪ ماڻهو رهن ٿا. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/WA|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Washington|date=January 7, 2024|website=United States Census Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121043306/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/WA|archive-date=November 21, 2021|access-date=January 7, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> واشنگٽن جي رهاڪن جي اڪثريت سيآٽل ميٽروپوليٽن واري علائقي ۾ رهي ٿي، ٽرانسپورٽ، ڪاروبار ۽ صنعت جو مرڪز پوگیت کاڙي،<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Washington-state|title=Washington state, United States|last1=Augustyn|first1=Adam|last2=Critchfield|first2=Howard J.|date=August 12, 2021|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902162438/https://www.britannica.com/place/Washington-state|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ecology.wa.gov/Water-Shorelines/Puget-Sound|title=Puget Sound|website=Washington State Department of Ecology|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902162732/https://ecology.wa.gov/Water1s-11¹/Puget-Sound|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> پئسفڪ سمنڊ جو هڪ انٽ جنهن ۾ ڪيترن ئي ٻيٽ، اونھا فجورڊ ۽ گليشيئر ٺاهيل نار آھن، تي آهي. رياست جو باقي حصو اولهه ۾ اونھی معتدل برساتي ٻيلن تي مشتمل آهي؛ اولهه، مرڪز، اتر اوڀر ۽ ڏور ڏکڻ اوڀر ۾ جبلن جون قطارون؛ ۽ اوڀر، مرڪز ۽ ڏکڻ ۾ هڪ نيم خشڪ بيسن وارو علائقو، جيڪو سخت زراعت جي حوالي ڪيو ويو آهي. واشنگٽن اولهه سامونڊي ڪناري ۽ مغربي آمريڪا ۾ ڪيليفورنيا کان پوءِ ٻي وڏي آبادي واري رياست آهي. مائونٽ رينيئر، هڪ فعال اسٽريٽو آتش فشان آهي، رياست جي بلند ترين بلندي تي 14,411 فوٽ (4,392 ميٽر) آهي ۽ اهو گڏيل رياستن ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ جغرافيائي طور تي نمايان جبل آهي. واشنگٽن هڪ معروف ڪاٺ (Lumber) پيدا ڪندڙ آهي؛ ان جي بيٺڪ مٿاڇري ڊگلس فر، هيملڪ، پانڊروسا پائن، سفيد پائن، اسپروس، لارچ ۽ چیل (ديودار) جي اسٽينڊن سان مالا مال آهي. رياست آمريڪا ۾ انب، ناشپاتيون، بليو بيري، مٺي چيري ۽ اسپئرمنٽ تيل جو سڀ کان وڏو پيدا ڪندڙ آهي ۽ زرداني، اسپرگس، خشڪ خوردني مٽر، انگور، دال، پيپرمنٽ تيل ۽ آلو جي پيداوار ۾ اعلي نمبر تي آهي.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpolicy.org/publications/detail/agriculture-the-cornerstone-of-washingtons-economy|title=Agriculture: The cornerstone of Washington's economy|last=Cargill|first=Chris|date=March 23, 2016|website=Washington Policy Center|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902164558/https://www.washingtonpolicy.org/publications/detail/agriculture-the-cornerstone-of-washingtons-economy|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://agr.wa.gov/washington-agriculture|title=Washington Agriculture|website=Washington State Department of Agriculture|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902164747/https://agr.wa.gov/washington-agriculture|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> چوپائي مال، جانورن جون شيون ۽ تجارتي ماهي گيري، خاص طور تي سامون، هيليبٽ ۽ باتم مڇي، پڻ رياست جي معيشت ۾ اهم ڪردار ادا ڪن ٿا.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=https://www.seattlebusinessmag.com/economy/shining-light-washingtons-robust-commercial-fishing-industry-during-national-seafood-month|title=Shining the Light on Washington's Robust Commercial Fishing Industry During National Seafood Month|last=Smith|first=Rob|date=September 11, 2019|website=Seattle Business Magazine|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902165619/https://www.seattlebusinessmag.com/economy/shining-light-washingtons-robust-commercial-fishing-industry-during-national-seafood-month|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=}}</ref> واشنگٽن شراب جي پيداوار ۾ ڪيليفورنيا کان ٻئي نمبر تي آهي. واشنگٽن ۾ تعميراتي صنعتن ۾ جهاز، ميزائل، ٻيڙيون ٺاهڻ ۽ ٻيا نقل و حمل جو سامان، کاڌي جي پروسيسنگ، دھات ۽ دھات جي شين، ڪيميائي مال ۽ مشينري، شامل آهن.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.commerce.wa.gov/growing-the-economy/key-sectors/|title=Key Industries in Washington State|website=Washington State Department of Commerce|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901152224/https://www.commerce.wa.gov/growing-the-economy/key-sectors/|archive-date=September 1, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> واشنگٽن ۾ هڪ هزار کان وڌيڪ ڊيم آهن، جن ۾ گرانڊ ڪولي ڊيم شامل آهن، جيڪي مختلف مقصدن لاءِ ٺاهيا ويا آهن جن ۾ آبپاشي، بجلي پيدا ڪرڻ، ٻوڏ ڪنٽرول ۽ پاڻي ذخيرو ڪرڻ شامل آهن. ملڪ جي سڀ کان امير ترين ۽ سماجي طور تي لبرل رياستن مان هڪ،<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/liberals-outnumber-conservatives-for-first-time-in-washington-state-gallup-poll-shows/|title=Liberals outnumber conservatives for first time in Washington state, Gallup poll shows|last=Balk|first=Gene|date=February 27, 2018|work=The Seattle Times|access-date=May 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902170330/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/liberals-outnumber-conservatives-for-first-time-in-washington-state-gallup-poll-shows/|archive-date=September 2, 2021}}</ref> واشنگٽن اعلي ترين زندگي جي اميد ۽ روزگار جي شرح لاء مسلسل مٿين رياستن ۾ شامل آهي.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/travel/experience/america/fifty-states/2018/11/06/whats-best-american-state-live-all-50-states-ranked/1901557002/|title=America's best states to live in, ranked|work=USA Today|access-date=November 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107001023/https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/travel/experience/america/fifty-states/2018/11/06/whats-best-american-state-live-all-50-states-ranked/1901557002/|archive-date=November 7, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ==نالو== ==تاريخ== ==جاگرافي== ==حڪومت== ==آبادي== ==معيشت== ==ٽرانسپورٽ== ==تعليم== ==صحت جي سار سنڀار== ==ثقافت== ==پڻ ڏسو== ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Sister project links|voy=Washington (state)}} *{{Official website}} * [https://stateofwatourism.com/ The official tourism site of the State of Washington] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080916104630/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Washington Washington State Databases] * [http://www.secstate.wa.gov/history/ Secretary of State's Washington History website] * [http://www.courts.wa.gov/education/constitution/index.cfm Constitution of the State of Washington] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027081126/https://www.courts.wa.gov/education/constitution/index.cfm |date=2022-10-27 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030207220912/http://www.leg.wa.gov/wac/ Washington Administrative Code (State Administrative Rules)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20021202211313/http://search.leg.wa.gov/pub/textsearch/default.asp State Code Search Tool] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080919170212/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=WA Energy Profile for Washington] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061230094502/http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=WA USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Washington] * [http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=53&StateName=Washington Washington State Facts from USDA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825232432/http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=53&StateName=Washington |date=2016-08-25 }} * [https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/WA U.S. Census Bureau Quick Facts: Washington] * [http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050731224536/http://www.historylink.org/this_week/index.cfm Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141009222838/http://policescanner.info/states/washington Police Scanner Information for Washington state] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130117082233/http://digital.lib.cwu.edu/cgi-bin/library.cgi?site=localhost&a=p&p=about&c=edwardwn&l=en&w=utf-8 CWU Brooks Library Edward W. Nolan Photograph Collection] * {{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Washington}} * {{OSM relation|165479}} {{s-start}} {{s-bef|before=[[Montana]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of U.S. states by date of statehood]]|years=Admitted on November 11, 1889 (42nd)}} {{s-aft|after=[[Idaho]]}} {{s-end}} {{Geographic location | Northwest = {{flag|British Columbia}}, {{flag|Canada}} | North = {{flagu|British Columbia}}, {{flagu|Canada}} | Northeast = | West = Pacific Ocean | Centre = {{flag|Washington}}: [[Outline of Washington (state)|Outline]] • [[Index of Washington (state)-related articles|Index]] | East = {{flag|Idaho}} | Southwest = Pacific Ocean<br />{{flag|Hawaii}} | South = {{flag|Oregon}} | Southeast = }} {{Navboxes |title = <span style="font-size:11pt;">Topics related to Washington (state)</span><br />''The Evergreen State'' |list = {{Washington|expanded}} {{Protected areas of Washington (state)}} {{WAMilitary}} {{George Washington}} {{Western United States}} {{United States political divisions}} |state=expanded}} {{Authority control}} {{coord|47|-120|dim:300000_region:US-WA_type:adm1st|name=State of Washington|display=title}} [[زمرو:واشنگٽن رياست]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا جون رياستون]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا جون پئسفڪ رياستون]] [[زمرو:گڏيل آمريڪي رياستن جون رياستون]] [[زمرو:ملحق گڏيل رياستون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪا جي اولهائين ساحل جي رياستون]] [[Category:1889 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:Geography of the Pacific Northwest]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1889]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} sl5zgkyj4mfkztdgwa7zvgzt9nem47r 373210 373200 2026-04-24T16:06:52Z Memon2025 21315 373210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|U.S. state}} {{distinguish|Wa State|}} {{Infobox U.S. state | name = واشنگٽن<br> Washington | image_flag = Flag of Washington.svg | flag_link = Flag of Washington | image_seal = Seal of Washington.svg | seal_link = Seal of Washington | image_map = Washington in United States.svg | flag_alt = Green flag with the circular Seal of Washington centered on it. | seal_alt = A circular seal with the words "The Seal of the State of Washington, 1889" centered around it from top to bottom. In the center, a man with gray hair poses. | map_alt = Washington is located on the West Coast along the line that divides the United States from neighboring Canada. It runs entirely from west to east. It includes a small peninsula across a bay which is discontinuous with the rest of the state, along with a geographical oddity under British Columbia, Canada. | nickname = "سدا بهار رياست" (غير سرڪاري)<ref name=Symbols@WA.gov/> | motto = "by and by" ال-ڪي يا الڪي، (چنوڪ اصطلاح) | anthem = {{center|"واشنگٽن، منهنجو گهر"}} | Former = Washington Territory | seat = [[Olympia, Washington|Olympia]] | LargestCity = [[سياٽل]] | LargestCounty = [[King County, Washington|King]] | LargestMetro = [[Seattle metropolitan area|Seattle]] | Governor = {{nowrap|[[Jay Inslee]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])}} | Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[Denny Heck]] (D)}} | Legislature = [[Washington State Legislature|State Legislature]] | Upperhouse = [[Washington State Senate|State Senate]] | Lowerhouse = [[Washington House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] | Judiciary = [[Washington Supreme Court]] | Senators = {{nowrap|[[Patty Murray]] (D)}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Maria Cantwell]] (D)}} | Representative = 8 [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]]<br />2 [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] | area_total_sq_mi = 71,362 | area_total_km2 = 184,827 | area_land_sq_mi = 66,544 | area_land_km2 = 172,587 | area_water_sq_mi = 4,757 | area_water_km2 = 12,237 | area_water_percent = 6.6 | area_rank = 18th | width_mi = 360 | width_km = 580 | length_mi = 240 | length_km = 400 | elevation_max_point = [[Mount Rainier]] | elevation_max_ft = 14,411 | elevation_max_m = 4,392 | elevation_ft = 1,700 | elevation_m = 520 | elevation_min_point = Pacific Ocean | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_min_m = 0 | population_demonym = Washingtonian | OfficialLang = None ''([[de jure]])''<br />English ''([[de facto]])'' | population_rank = 13th | population_as_of = 2023 | 2010Pop = 7,812,880 | population_density_rank = 25th | 2000DensityUS = 103 | 2000Density = 39.6 | MedianHouseholdIncome = $70,979 (2017)<ref name=2015CensusH8/> | IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|7th]]<ref name=2015CensusH8/> | AdmittanceOrder = 42nd | AdmittanceDate = November 11, 1889 | timezone1 = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]] | utc_offset1 = –08:00 | timezone2_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]] | utc_offset2_DST = –07:00 | Longitude = 116°55′ W to 124°46′ W | Latitude = 45°33′ N to [[49th parallel north|49° N]] | postal_code = WA | TradAbbreviation = Wash. | iso_code = US-WA | website = https://wa.gov/ | Capital = | Representatives = | official_name = واشنگٽن رياست (State of Washington) | module = {{infobox network service provider|child=yes|asn=4193}} }} '''واشنگٽن''' (<small>Washington</small>) سرڪاري رياست واشنگٽن (<small>Washington State</small>)، آمريڪا جي پئسفڪ اتر اولهه واري علائقي ۾ سڀ کان اولهه واري رياست آھي. ان کي [[قومي راڄڌانين جي فهرست|قومي راڄڌاني]] کان ڌار ڪرڻ لاءِ اڪثر ڪري واشنگٽن رياست سڏيو ويندو آهي.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washington.edu/brand/editorial-elements/word-list/|title=Word list and common terms|website=University of Washington|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902173118/https://www.washington.edu/brand/editorial-elements/word-list/|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|quote=Lowercase ''state'': state of Washington or Washington state. Note that Washington State refers to the university in Pullman, Washington.|url-status=live}}</ref> ٻنهي جو نالو [[جارج واشنگٽن]] (پهريون آمريڪي صدر) لاءِ رکيو ويو آهي. واشنگٽن جون حدون اولهه ۾ [[پيسفڪ سمنڊ]]، ڏکڻ ۾ [[اوريگون]]، اوڀر ۾ [[آئيڊاهو]] ۽ اتر ۾ ڪينيڊين صوبي [[برٽش ڪولمبيا]] سان لڳن ٿيون. رياست اوريگن جي علائقي جي الهندي حصي مان ٺاهي وئي، جيڪا برطانوي سلطنت طرفان 1846ع جي اوريگن معاهدي ۾ ڏني وئي هئي. ان کي 1889ع ۾ 42هين رياست طور يونين ۾ شامل ڪيو ويو. [[اولمپيا]] رياست جي گاديءَ جو هنڌ آهي<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://klewtv.com/news/local/town-hall-tackle-issues-plaguing-washington-state-veterans|title=Town Hall Tackle Issues plaguing Washington State veterans|last=Araradian|first=Armen|work=KLEW|access-date=2018-06-15|language=en-US}}</ref> ۽ [[سياٽل|سيآٽل]] شھر سڀ کان وڌيڪ آبادي وارو علائقو آهي. واشنگٽن <small>18</small>هين وڏي رياست آهي، جن جي ايراضي <small>71,362</small> چورس ميل (<small>1,84,830</small> چورس ڪلوميٽر) آهي ۽ <small>13</small>هين وڏي آبادي واري رياست آهي، جن ۾ 78 لک کان وڌيڪ ماڻهو رهن ٿا. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/WA|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Washington|date=January 7, 2024|website=United States Census Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121043306/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/WA|archive-date=November 21, 2021|access-date=January 7, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> واشنگٽن جي رهاڪن جي اڪثريت سيآٽل ميٽروپوليٽن واري علائقي ۾ رهي ٿي، ٽرانسپورٽ، ڪاروبار ۽ صنعت جو مرڪز پوگیت کاڙي (<small>Pogate Sounds</small>)،<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Washington-state|title=Washington state, United States|last1=Augustyn|first1=Adam|last2=Critchfield|first2=Howard J.|date=August 12, 2021|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902162438/https://www.britannica.com/place/Washington-state|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ecology.wa.gov/Water-Shorelines/Puget-Sound|title=Puget Sound|website=Washington State Department of Ecology|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902162732/https://ecology.wa.gov/Water1s-11¹/Puget-Sound|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> [[پيسفڪ سمنڊ|پئسفڪ سمنڊ]] جو هڪ انٽ, جن ۾ ڪيترن ئي ٻيٽ، اونھا فجورڊ ۽ گليشيئر سان ٺاهيل نارون آھن، تي آهي. رياست جو باقي حصو اولهه ۾ اونھی معتدل برساتي ٻيلن تي مشتمل آهي. اولهه، مرڪز، اتر اوڀر ۽ ڏور ڏکڻ اوڀر ۾ جبلن جون قطارون؛ ۽ اوڀر، مرڪز ۽ ڏکڻ ۾ هڪ نيم خشڪ بيسن وارو علائقو، جيڪو سخت زراعت جي حوالي ڪيو ويو آهي. واشنگٽن اولهه سامونڊي ڪناري ۽ اولهه مغربي آمريڪا ۾ [[ڪيليفورنيا]] کان پوءِ ٻي وڏي آبادي واري رياست آهي. مائونٽ رينيئر، هڪ فعال اسٽريٽو آتش فشان آهي، رياست جي بلند ترين بلندي تي 14,411 فوٽ (4,392 ميٽر) آهي ۽ اهو گڏيل رياستن ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ جغرافيائي طور تي نمايان جبل آهي. واشنگٽن هڪ معروف ڪاٺ پيدا ڪندڙ آهي؛ ان جي بيٺڪ مٿاڇري ڊگلس فر، هيملڪ، پانڊروسا پائن، سفيد پائن، اسپروس، لارچ ۽ چیل جي وڻن سان مالا مال آهي. رياست آمريڪا ۾ انب، ناشپاتيون، بليو بيري، مٺي چيري ۽ اسپئرمنٽ تيل جو سڀ کان وڏو پيدا ڪندڙ آهي ۽ زرداني، اسپرگس، خشڪ مٽر، انگور، دال، پيپرمنٽ تيل ۽ آلو جي پيداوار ۾ اعلي نمبر تي آهي.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpolicy.org/publications/detail/agriculture-the-cornerstone-of-washingtons-economy|title=Agriculture: The cornerstone of Washington's economy|last=Cargill|first=Chris|date=March 23, 2016|website=Washington Policy Center|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902164558/https://www.washingtonpolicy.org/publications/detail/agriculture-the-cornerstone-of-washingtons-economy|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://agr.wa.gov/washington-agriculture|title=Washington Agriculture|website=Washington State Department of Agriculture|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902164747/https://agr.wa.gov/washington-agriculture|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> چوپائي مال، جانورن جون شيون ۽ تجارتي ماهي گيري، خاص طور تي سالمن، هيلي بٽ ۽ باتم مڇي، پڻ رياست جي معيشت ۾ اهم ڪردار ادا ڪن ٿا.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=https://www.seattlebusinessmag.com/economy/shining-light-washingtons-robust-commercial-fishing-industry-during-national-seafood-month|title=Shining the Light on Washington's Robust Commercial Fishing Industry During National Seafood Month|last=Smith|first=Rob|date=September 11, 2019|website=Seattle Business Magazine|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902165619/https://www.seattlebusinessmag.com/economy/shining-light-washingtons-robust-commercial-fishing-industry-during-national-seafood-month|archive-date=September 2, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=}}</ref> واشنگٽن شراب جي پيداوار ۾ ڪيليفورنيا کان ٻئي نمبر تي آهي. واشنگٽن ۾ تعميراتي صنعتن ۾ جهاز، ميزائل، ٻيڙيون ٺاهڻ ۽ ٻيا نقل و حمل جو سامان، کاڌي جي پروسيسنگ، دھات ۽ دھات جي شين، ڪيميائي مال ۽ مشينري، شامل آهن.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.commerce.wa.gov/growing-the-economy/key-sectors/|title=Key Industries in Washington State|website=Washington State Department of Commerce|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901152224/https://www.commerce.wa.gov/growing-the-economy/key-sectors/|archive-date=September 1, 2021|access-date=September 2, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> واشنگٽن ۾ هڪ هزار کان وڌيڪ ڊيم آهن، جن ۾ گرانڊ ڪولي ڊيم شامل آهن، جيڪي مختلف مقصدن لاءِ ٺاهيا ويا آهن جن ۾ آبپاشي، بجلي پيدا ڪرڻ، ٻوڏ ڪنٽرول ۽ پاڻي ذخيرو ڪرڻ شامل آهن. ملڪ جي سڀ کان امير ترين ۽ سماجي طور تي لبرل رياستن مان هڪ،<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/liberals-outnumber-conservatives-for-first-time-in-washington-state-gallup-poll-shows/|title=Liberals outnumber conservatives for first time in Washington state, Gallup poll shows|last=Balk|first=Gene|date=February 27, 2018|work=The Seattle Times|access-date=May 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902170330/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/liberals-outnumber-conservatives-for-first-time-in-washington-state-gallup-poll-shows/|archive-date=September 2, 2021}}</ref> واشنگٽن اعلي ترين زندگي جي اميد ۽ روزگار جي شرح لاء مسلسل مٿين رياستن ۾ شامل آهي.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/travel/experience/america/fifty-states/2018/11/06/whats-best-american-state-live-all-50-states-ranked/1901557002/|title=America's best states to live in, ranked|work=USA Today|access-date=November 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107001023/https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/travel/experience/america/fifty-states/2018/11/06/whats-best-american-state-live-all-50-states-ranked/1901557002/|archive-date=November 7, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ==نالو== ==تاريخ== ==جاگرافي== ==حڪومت== ==آبادي== ==معيشت== ==ٽرانسپورٽ== ==تعليم== ==صحت جي سار سنڀار== ==ثقافت== ==پڻ ڏسو== ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Sister project links|voy=Washington (state)}} *{{Official website}} * [https://stateofwatourism.com/ The official tourism site of the State of Washington] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080916104630/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Washington Washington State Databases] * [http://www.secstate.wa.gov/history/ Secretary of State's Washington History website] * [http://www.courts.wa.gov/education/constitution/index.cfm Constitution of the State of Washington] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027081126/https://www.courts.wa.gov/education/constitution/index.cfm |date=2022-10-27 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030207220912/http://www.leg.wa.gov/wac/ Washington Administrative Code (State Administrative Rules)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20021202211313/http://search.leg.wa.gov/pub/textsearch/default.asp State Code Search Tool] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080919170212/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=WA Energy Profile for Washington] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061230094502/http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=WA USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Washington] * [http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=53&StateName=Washington Washington State Facts from USDA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825232432/http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=53&StateName=Washington |date=2016-08-25 }} * [https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/WA U.S. Census Bureau Quick Facts: Washington] * [http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050731224536/http://www.historylink.org/this_week/index.cfm Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141009222838/http://policescanner.info/states/washington Police Scanner Information for Washington state] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130117082233/http://digital.lib.cwu.edu/cgi-bin/library.cgi?site=localhost&a=p&p=about&c=edwardwn&l=en&w=utf-8 CWU Brooks Library Edward W. Nolan Photograph Collection] * {{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Washington}} * {{OSM relation|165479}} {{s-start}} {{s-bef|before=[[Montana]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of U.S. states by date of statehood]]|years=Admitted on November 11, 1889 (42nd)}} {{s-aft|after=[[Idaho]]}} {{s-end}} {{Geographic location | Northwest = {{flag|British Columbia}}, {{flag|Canada}} | North = {{flagu|British Columbia}}, {{flagu|Canada}} | Northeast = | West = Pacific Ocean | Centre = {{flag|Washington}}: [[Outline of Washington (state)|Outline]] • [[Index of Washington (state)-related articles|Index]] | East = {{flag|Idaho}} | Southwest = Pacific Ocean<br />{{flag|Hawaii}} | South = {{flag|Oregon}} | Southeast = }} {{Navboxes |title = <span style="font-size:11pt;">Topics related to Washington (state)</span><br />''The Evergreen State'' |list = {{Washington|expanded}} {{Protected areas of Washington (state)}} {{WAMilitary}} {{George Washington}} {{Western United States}} {{United States political divisions}} |state=expanded}} {{Authority control}} {{coord|47|-120|dim:300000_region:US-WA_type:adm1st|name=State of Washington|display=title}} [[زمرو:واشنگٽن رياست]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا جون رياستون]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا جون پئسفڪ رياستون]] [[زمرو:گڏيل آمريڪي رياستن جون رياستون]] [[زمرو:ملحق گڏيل رياستون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪا جي اولهائين ساحل جي رياستون]] [[Category:1889 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:Geography of the Pacific Northwest]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1889]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ttqpvjvmucf0sgds4keodcaje5pet8b 4 47319 373154 372132 2026-04-24T12:14:38Z ListeriaBot 10240 Wikidata list updated [V2] 373154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bots|allow=ListeriaBot}} روان سال ۾ اڄ جي تاريخ يعني '''{{#time:d F|{{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}}}''' تي ڄمڻ (پيدا ٿيڻ وارن ماڻهن جي فهرست هيٺ درج آهي، پَڪ سان (يقيناً) ان ۾ ڪيترائي ماڻهو اڃا به جيئرا (زندهه) حيات هوندا. آخري نئين سر شروعات: <onlyinclude>{{#time: Y-m-d H:i|{{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}}}</onlyinclude> == فهرست == {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?date_node wikibase:timePrecision "11"^^xsd:integer . ?date_node wikibase:timeValue ?date . FILTER (year(?date) > 1899) FILTER (day(?date) = day(now())) FILTER (month(?date) = month(now())) ?item p:P569/<http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/P569> ?date_node . ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . OPTIONAL {?item wdt:P570 ?dod} FILTER (!bound(?dod)) } ORDER BY DESC(?date) ?item |columns=P18,P569:تاريخ پيدائش,label:ماڻهو,وضاحت,P106,P39,P27,P735 |thumb=125 |autolist=fallback |links=local }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! تصوير ! تاريخ پيدائش ! ماڻهو ! وضاحت ! پيشو ! position held ! شهريت ! ذاتي نالو |- | [[فائل:Varun Dhawan promoting Badrinath Ki Dulhania.jpg|center|125px]] | 1987-04-24 | [[وارن ڌاون]] | | ''[[:d:Q10800557|film actor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4610556|model]]'' | | [[ڀارت]] | ''[[:d:Q103927787|Varun]]'' |- | [[فائل:Teejan Bai after performnce at Bharat Bhawan Bhopal.jpg|center|125px]] | 1956-04-24 | [[تيجن ٻائي]] | | ''[[:d:Q177220|singer]]'' | | [[ڀارت]] | |} {{Wikidata list end}} [[زمرو:اڄ جي تاريخ ڄمڻ وارا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:مارچ جون پيدائشون]] aj5pqio8pa3xx57besinp9seskzgihe 0 47604 373326 372834 2026-04-25T04:52:14Z Siddhu Talreja 18634 سفائي 373326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} {{Copypaste}} {{Tone}} {{Unreferenced}} سڪندراعظم 326 قبل <span lang="AR-SA">مظلوم قومن ۽ طبقن جي تاريخ به مظلوم ٿيندي آهي. انهن سان منسوب تاريخ ۾ لکيل وڏن وڏن ڪارنامن جي به ڪا وقعت ۽ اهميت ناهي ۽ نه ئي پنهنجي وطن ۽ ماڻهن جي حفاظت لاءِ سندن بهادري ۽ جوانمردي جي ڪارنامن کي تاريخ ۾ ڪا جڳهه ڏني وڃي ٿي. اهڙين مظلوم قومن جي هزارين گمنام شهيدن جي ڳالهه به ڪٿي نه ٿي ملي. </span>مسيح آڪٽوبر مهيني ۾ ملتان ۽ سنڌ تي حملو ڪيو. يونان جا تاريخدان لکن ٿا ته سڪندر ملتان شهر تي قبضو ته ڪري ورتو هو پر ملتان جو قلعو سندس قبضي ۾ نه پئي آيو. هو ان تي قبضو ڪرڻ جي ڪوشش ڪندو رهيو. ان ڪوشش دوران پنهنجي ٽن ساٿين سان گڏ قلعي ٻاهران پهتو ۽ پنهنجي ساٿين کان ڏاڪڻ ڦري قلعي جي ڀت تي چڙهي ويو. قلعي ۾ ان وقت مالو آرمي موجود هئي جيڪا ڪافي انگ ۾ ملتان تي حملي جي وقت کان سڪندر سان جنگ ۾ رُڌل هئي. سڪندر اعظم کي ساٿي سميت قلعي جي ڀت تي ڏسي مالو آرميءَ مٿس حملو ڪري ڏنو. ان وقت دنيا جي سپرپاور جو چيف ايگزيڪيوٽو سڪندر قلعي جي ڀت تي بيٺو هو ۽ مٿس ملتان جي مالو قبيلي جي ماڻهن جي فوج حملو ڪري ڏنو. جنهن سان سڪندر جو هڪ ڪمانڊر قتل ٿي ويو. پنهنجي جان بچائڻ لاءِ سڪندر اعظم قلعي جي ڀت کان هيٺ ٽپو ڏنو ۽ هڪ وڻ کي آڙ بڻائي مالو قبيلي سان مقابلو ڪرڻ لڳو. ان مقابلي دوران ملتان جو گورنر پنهنجي شهر جي حفاظت ڪندي سڪندر هٿان قتل ٿي ويو. پنهنجي ا<span lang="AR-SA">مظلوم قومن ۽ طبقن جي تاريخ به مظلوم ٿيندي آهي. انهن سان منسوب تاريخ ۾ لکيل وڏن وڏن ڪارنامن جي به ڪا وقعت ۽ اهميت ناهي ۽ نه ئي پنهنجي وطن ۽ ماڻهن جي حفاظت لاءِ سندن بهادري ۽ جوانمردي جي ڪارنامن کي تاريخ ۾ ڪا جڳهه ڏني وڃي ٿي. اهڙين مظلوم قومن جي هزارين گمنام شهيدن جي ڳالهه به ڪٿي نه ٿي ملي. </span>ڳواڻ جو لاش ڏسي ملتان جا ماڻهو ڄڻ ڇتا ٿي پيا. سڪندر اعظم جي دهشتناڪ فوج، جنهن هن سڄي خطي ۾ دهشت پکيڙي هئي، جي پرواهه ڪرڻ بنا سڪندراعظم تي حملو ڪري ڏنائون ۽ هڪ زهر ۾ ٻڏل تير سڪندر جي زرهه کي چيريندو سندس سيني اندر چُڀي ويو. اهو تنهن وقت جي دنيا ۾ نائن اليون کان ڪنهن طرح به گهٽ واقعو نه هو. دنيا جي سپرپاور جو چيف ايگزيڪيوٽو ملتان جي زمين تي زخمي حالت ۾ پيو هو ۽ سندس زخم مان رت وهي رهيو هو. جنهن هنڌ ملتان جي بهادر جو رت وهيو هو ان ئي هنڌ سڪندراعظم کي پنهنجو رت به وهائڻو پيو. سڪندر جو هڪ ڪمانڊر شاهي ڍال سڪندر جي مٿان رکي کيس وڌيڪ حملن کان بچائڻ جي ڪوشش ڪرڻ لڳو. پنهنجي بادشاهه کي سخت زخمي حالت ۾ بيهوش، زمين تي ڪريل، رت وهائيندو ڏسي ڇا ٿيڻو هو؟ اهو ئي جيڪو نائن اليون کان پوءِ هن خطي ۾ ٿيو. ملتان جي ماڻهن تي ڄڻ قيامت ڪڙڪي پئي. يوناني فوج پاڳلن وانگر ملتان ۽ ان جي آس پاس جي علائقن ۾ گهڙي وئي ۽ جيڪو به سامهون آيو ان کي قتل ڪري ڇڏيائون. انهن هي خيال به نه ڪيو ته عورتون گهرن ۾ ويٺيون هيون، ٻار رانديون کيڏي رهيا هئا، پوڙها ڳالهين ۾ رُڌل هئا، پر سڀ ڪجهه يونانين جي تلوارن جو کاڄ ٿيندو رهيو. هڪ ڀيرو وري ملتان جي سرزمين پنهنجي ئي ماڻهن جي رت سان رنگين ٿي وئي.مالو قبيلي جي ماڻهن جو اهو حال ڏسي ملتان  جي هيٺئين حصي جي رهاڪو کيدرڪ قبيلي جا حواس خطا ٿي ويا. اهي ان حد تائين دهشت سٽيل ٿي ويا جو هنن زخمي سڪندر جي آڏو هٿيار ڦٽي ڪري ڇڏيا. ملتان جي وطن پ<span lang="AR-SA">مظلوم قومن ۽ طبقن جي تاريخ به مظلوم ٿيندي آهي. انهن سان منسوب تاريخ ۾ لکيل وڏن وڏن ڪارنامن جي به ڪا وقعت ۽ اهميت ناهي ۽ نه ئي پنهنجي وطن ۽ ماڻهن جي حفاظت لاءِ سندن بهادري ۽ جوانمردي جي ڪارنامن کي تاريخ ۾ ڪا جڳهه ڏني وڃي ٿي. اهڙين مظلوم قومن جي هزارين گمنام شهيدن جي ڳالهه به ڪٿي نه ٿي ملي. </span>رست ماڻهن جي انهيءَ بهادراڻي ويڙهه ۾ گهائجي پوندڙ سپرپاور جو هيڊ آف اسٽيٽ باقي جيڪو وقت جيئرو رهيو اهو زخم سيني تي کنيو وتندو هو. تاريخدان لکن ٿا ته حقيقت ۾ ملتان ۾ هن جيڪو تير جي ڪري زخم کاڌو، سو ڪڏهن به نه ڀرجي سگهيو ۽ اڳتي هلي اهو ناسور بنجي ويو. فارس (ايران) کي فتح ڪرڻ وارو سڪندر جو خواب پورو ضرور ٿيو پر چيو وڃي ٿو ته سڪندر جي موت جو ڪارڻ ملتان واري تير جو گهاءُ هيو، جيڪو سرطان ۾ تبديل ٿي ويو هو. مل<span lang="AR-SA">مظلوم قومن ۽ طبقن جي تاريخ به مظلوم ٿيندي آهي. انهن سان منسوب تاريخ ۾ لکيل وڏن وڏن ڪارنامن جي به ڪا وقعت ۽ اهميت ناهي ۽ نه ئي پنهنجي وطن ۽ ماڻهن جي حفاظت لاءِ سندن بهادري ۽ جوانمردي جي ڪارنامن کي تاريخ ۾ ڪا جڳهه ڏني وڃي ٿي. اهڙين مظلوم قومن جي هزارين گمنام شهيدن جي ڳالهه به ڪٿي نه ٿي ملي. </span>تان کان پوءِ سڪندر هاڻوڪي سنڌ جي الور (اروڙ) تي حملو ڪيو. الور جي راجا موکي راج ڪا ٻي راهه نه ڏٺي ۽ سوکڙيون پاکڙيون ڏئي بنا ويڙهه جي سڪندر سامهون هٿيار ڦٽا ڪيائين. جنهن جي بدلي ۾ سڪندر الور جي مها راجا کي سنڌ جو چڪر ورتي راجا قبول ڪيو. <span lang="AR-SA">مظلوم قومن ۽ طبقن جي تاريخ به مظلوم ٿيندي آهي. انهن سان منسوب تاريخ ۾ لکيل وڏن وڏن ڪارنامن جي به ڪا وقعت ۽ اهميت ناهي ۽ نه ئي پنهنجي وطن ۽ ماڻهن جي حفاظت لاءِ سندن بهادري ۽ جوانمردي جي ڪارنامن کي تاريخ ۾ ڪا جڳهه ڏني وڃي ٿي. اهڙين مظلوم قومن جي هزارين گمنام شهيدن جي ڳالهه به ڪٿي نه ٿي ملي. </span>پر ٻئي طرف پنهنجي راجا موکي راج کي بزدلن وانگر هڪ ڌارئي بادشاهه اڳيان ڪنڌ جهڪائيندي ڏسي سنڌ جي عوام ۾ هڪ تمام وڏو جوش پيدا ٿيو جيڪو هڪ بغاوت جي صورت وٺي ويو. برهمڻن پنهنجي گهرن مان نڪري شهر شهر ڳوٺ ڳوٺ وڃي پنهنجي بادشاهه جي بزدليءَ خلاف تحريڪ هلائي. اها تحريڪ ان حد تائين زور وٺي وئي جو الور جي مهاراجا کي ان تي مجبور ٿيڻو پيو ته هو پرڏيهي حملو ڪندڙ اڳيان ڪنڌ جهڪائڻ بدران پنهنجي وطن جي حفاظت لاءِ مقابلو ڪري. پن<span lang="AR-SA">مظلوم قومن ۽ طبقن جي تاريخ به مظلوم ٿيندي آهي. انهن سان منسوب تاريخ ۾ لکيل وڏن وڏن ڪارنامن جي به ڪا وقعت ۽ اهميت ناهي ۽ نه ئي پنهنجي وطن ۽ ماڻهن جي حفاظت لاءِ سندن بهادري ۽ جوانمردي جي ڪارنامن کي تاريخ ۾ ڪا جڳهه ڏني وڃي ٿي. اهڙين مظلوم قومن جي هزارين گمنام شهيدن جي ڳالهه به ڪٿي نه ٿي ملي. </span>هنجي خلاف سول نافرمانيءَ جي تحريڪ هلندي ڏسي الور جي مهاراجا موکي راجا سڪندراعظم خلاف بغاوت جو جهنڊو کنيو، جڏهن سڪندر کي اها خبر پئي ته سنڌ جي عوام خاص طور برهمڻن مهاراجا موکي راج کي سڪندر خلاف بغاوت تي اڪسايو آهي ته سڪندر پنهنجي فوج کي برهمڻن کي قتل ڪرڻ جو حڪم ڏنو. يوناني تاريخدان پلوٽارچ لکيو آهي ته ظالم سڪندر سنڌ جي ڪيترن ئي فلسفين ۽ برهمڻن کي جيل ۾ وڌو ۽ آخر مٿن ڪوڙا ڪيس هلائي وطن پرستي ۽ وطن سان محبت جي ڏوهه ۾ ڦاسيءَ تي چاڙهي ڇڏيو. يوناني تاريخدان چون ٿا ته سڪندر سنڌ مان گذرڻ وقت اَسي هزار کان وڌيڪ ماڻهو قتل ڪيا. پر پوءِ به هو هن علائقي جي وطن دوست جدوجهد کي ختم نه ڪري سگهيو ۽ نه پنهنجي خلاف ٿيندڙ مزاحمت کي دٻائي سگهيو. وطن د<span lang="AR-SA">مظلوم قومن ۽ طبقن جي تاريخ به مظلوم ٿيندي آهي. انهن سان منسوب تاريخ ۾ لکيل وڏن وڏن ڪارنامن جي به ڪا وقعت ۽ اهميت ناهي ۽ نه ئي پنهنجي وطن ۽ ماڻهن جي حفاظت لاءِ سندن بهادري ۽ جوانمردي جي ڪارنامن کي تاريخ ۾ ڪا جڳهه ڏني وڃي ٿي. اهڙين مظلوم قومن جي هزارين گمنام شهيدن جي ڳالهه به ڪٿي نه ٿي ملي. </span>وستيءَ ۽ جانثاريءَ جا اهي داستان فاتحن جي ڀر کڻندڙ تاريخدانن ۽ نام نهاد ليکڪن جو ڌيان انڪري حاصل نه ڪري سگهيا جو انهن جو واسطو محروم قومن سان آهي. کين اهو خوف به آهي ته جيڪڏهن انهن مظلومن جيڪي تاريخ ۾ بزدل نه پر بهادر رهيا آهن، پاڻ کي سڃاڻي ورتو ته مٿن زبردستي ۽ ڪنهن به ڊرامي بازي ذريعي حڪومت نه ٿي ڪري سگهجي. مظلوم تڏهن ظالمن لاءِ خطرناڪ بنجي وڃي ٿو جڏهن کيس خبر پئجي وڃي ٿي ته سندس ماضي شرمناڪ نه پر فخر جوڳو هيو. <br /> [[زمرو:تاريخ]] [[زمرو:آڳاٽي سنڌ]] chfpaitbjnktrovf29f9eudyxa63dga 14 50203 373216 348030 2026-04-24T17:05:56Z Memon2025 21315 373216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cat main|راڄڌاني |قومي راڄڌانين جي فهرست}} {{Commons cat}} [[زمرو:شهر]] [[زمرو:گادي جا هنڌ]] [[زمرو:شهر بلحاظ قسم]] [[زمرو:انتظامي ورهاستن جون قسمون]] hjhomlk6d62okmk3s8v3pmwwtk0x5yh 0 57948 373220 331344 2026-04-24T17:12:03Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:سنڌي سياستدان]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 373220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = سيد ناصر شاھ | honorific-suffix = | office = انفارميشن جو صوبائي وزير سنڌ | term_start = 03 فيبروري 2020 | term_end = | 1blankname = وڏو وزير | 1namedata = [[سيد مراد علي شاهہ]] | office1 = مقامي حڪومتن جو صوبائي وزير | term_start1 = 05 آگسٽ 2019 | term_end1 = | 1blankname1 = چيف منسٽر | 1namedata1 = [[سيد مراد علي شاهہ]] | office2 = ٻيلن (فاريسٽ) جو صوبائي وزير سنڌ | term_start2 = 05 آگسٽ 2019 | term_end2 = | 1blankname2 = وڏو وزير | 1namedata2 = [[سيد مراد علي شاهہ]] | office3 = مذھبي معاملن جو صوبائي وزير | term_start3 = 05 آگسٽ 2019 | term_end3 = | 1blankname3 = وڏو وزير سنڌ | 1namedata3 = [[سيد مراد علي شاهہ]] | office4 = ھائوسنگ ۽ ٽائون پلاننگ جو صوبائي وزير | term_start4 = 05 سيپٽمبر 2018 | term_end4 = | 1blankname4 = وڏو وزير | 1namedata4 = [[سيد مراد علي شاهہ]] | office5 = Member of the [[سنڌ صوبائي اسيمبلي]] | term_start5 = 13 آگسٽ 2018 | term_end5 = | constituency5 = PS-25 (سکر-IV) | term_start6 = 29 مئي 2013 | term_end6 = 28 مئي 2018 |constituency6 = PS-2 (سکر-II) | term_start7 = 2008 | term_end7 = 2013 | constituency7 = (سکر) | term_start8 = 1997 | term_end8 = 1999 | constituency8 = (سکر) | office9 = ضلعي ناظم سکر (ميئر) | term_start9 = 2005 | term_end9 = 2008 | term_start10 = 2001 | term_end10 = 2005 | constituency10 = [[سکر]] | nationality = پاڪستاني | party = [[پاڪستان پيپلز پارٽي]] }} '''سيد ناصر حسين شاهه''' هڪ پاڪستاني [[سياستدان|سياستدان آهي]] جيڪو هن وقت مڪاني ادارن ، ٻيلن ۽ مذهبي معاملن بابت [[سنڌ]] جي صوبائي وزير جي عهدي تي آهي. هو اڳ ۾ 5 سيپٽمبر 2018 کان آگسٽ 2019 تائين ورڪس ۽ سروسز جو صوبائي وزير رهيو آهي. هو مئي 2013 کان مئي 2018 تائين سنڌ جي صوبائي اسيمبلي جو ميمبر پڻ رهيو. == ابتدائي زندگي ۽ تعليم == هو 10 نومبر 1961 تي ڄائو. <ref name="pas/2018">{{حوالو ويب|url=http://www.pas.gov.pk/index.php/members/profile/en/32/587|title=Profile|website=www.pas.gov.pk|publisher=Provincial Assembly of Sindh|access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref> هن [[شاھ عبداللطيف يونيورسٽي|شاهه عبداللطيف يونيورسٽي]] مان پوليٽيڪل سائنس ۾ ماسٽر آف آرٽس جي ڊگري حاصل ڪئي. <ref name="pas/2018">{{حوالو ويب|url=http://www.pas.gov.pk/index.php/members/profile/en/32/587|title=Profile|website=www.pas.gov.pk|publisher=Provincial Assembly of Sindh|access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref> == سياسي ڪيريئر == هو 2013 جي عام چونڊن ۾ تڪ پي ايس 2 (سکر- II) مان پاڪستان پيپلز پارٽي جي اميدوار طور چونڊيو ويو . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1011245|title=Sindh Assembly seats|last=Newspaper|first=From the|date=14 May 2013|work=DAWN.COM|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/429932-list-of-winners-of-sindh-assembly-seats|title=List of winners of Sindh Assembly seats|work=www.thenews.com.pk|access-date=16 March 2018|language=en}}</ref> مئي 2018 ۾ سندس خلاف سنڌ هاءِ ڪورٽ ۾ عوامي عهدي تي نااهل قرار ڏيڻ لاءِ هڪ درخواست داخل ڪئي وئي ۽ متحده عرب امارات جي ورڪ پرمٽ هئڻ جي بنياد تي کيس 2018 جي عام چونڊن ۾ حصو وٺڻ کان روڪيو ويو. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nation.com.pk/29-May-2018/shc-moved-against-two-ppp-ministers|title=SHC moved against two PPP ministers|date=29 May 2018|work=The Nation|access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://arynews.tv/en/petition-filed-against-nasir-hussain-shah-for-holding-uae-work-permit/|title=Petition filed against Nasir Hussain Shah for holding UAE work permit|date=29 May 2018|work=ARYNEWS|access-date=16 September 2018}}{{مئل ڳنڍڻو|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> هو 2018 جي عام چونڊن ۾ تڪ پي ايس 25 (سکر-IV) کان پي پي جي اميدوار طور ٻيهر سنڌ جي صوبائي اسيمبلي لاءِ چونڊيو ويو. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.samaa.tv/news/2018/07/live-pakistan-election-2018-results/|title=Pakistan election 2018 results: National and provincial assemblies|work=Samaa TV|access-date=3 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729083521/https://www.samaa.tv/news/2018/07/live-pakistan-election-2018-results/|archive-date=2018-07-29}}</ref> 5 سيپٽمبر 2018 تي ، کيس وڏي وزير [[سيد مراد علي شاهہ|سيد مراد علي شاھ]] جي صوبائي سنڌ ڪابينا ۾ شامل ڪيو ويو <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1431112/murad-ali-shah-inducts-four-more-ministers-in-sindh-cabinet|title=Murad Ali Shah inducts four more ministers in Sindh cabinet|last=Ali|first=Imtiaz|date=5 September 2018|work=DAWN.COM|access-date=5 September 2018}}</ref> ۽ کيس ورڪس اينڊ سروسز لاءِ سنڌ جو صوبائي وزير مقرر ڪيو ويو. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1795988/1-four-ministers-sworn-sindh-cabinet/|title=Four more ministers sworn in to Sindh cabinet {{!}} The Express Tribune|date=5 September 2018|work=The Express Tribune|access-date=5 September 2018}}</ref> 5 آگسٽ 2019 تي ، هو بلدياتي ، ٻيلن ۽ مذهبي معاملن لاءِ سنڌ جو صوبائي وزير مقرر ڪيو ويو. <ref>{{حوالو ويب|url=http://www.pas.gov.pk/index.php/members/govt_n_opp/en/0|title=Welcome to the Website of Provincial Assembly of Sindh|website=www.pas.gov.pk}}</ref> == حوالا == {{حوالو|30em}} [[زمرو:اڻ نظرثاني ٿيل ترجمن سان صفحا]] [[زمرو:جيوت ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:جيئرا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:سنڌي سياستدان]] [[زمرو:1964ع جون پيدائشون]] klv2ckgiaz22niu424sw0voh6ljevvw 0 64140 373153 321065 2026-04-24T12:14:26Z Memon2025 21315 373153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = {{raise|0.2em|بَيجِنگ}} | native_name = {{lower|0.1em|北京市}} | native_name_lang = zh | other_name= پِيڪِنگ | settlement_type = [[چين جون سڌي اختيار واريون ميونسپلٽيون| چيني حڪومت جي سڌي اختيار واري ميونسپلٽي]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | image1 = Beijing skyline from northeast 4th ring road.jpg | image2 = Tiananmen Gate.jpg | image3 = The Great Wall of China - Badaling.jpg | image4 = Beijing National Stadium 1.jpg | image5 = SA Temple of Heaven.jpg | image6 = National Centre for the Performing Arts and Great Hall of the People.jpg }} | image_size = | image_caption =گھڙيالي چڪر وانگر مٿان کان: بيجنگ جو سينٽرل بزنس ڊسٽرڪٽ جو افقي منظر [[بيڊلنگ| بيڊلنگ واري عظيم ديوار]]، [[آسماني مندر]]، [[گريٽ ھال آف دي پيپل]](کاٻي پاسي) ۽ چين جو نيشنل سينٽر (ساڄي پاسي)، [[نيشنل اسٽيڊيم، بيجنگ]]، [[تيان مين]] | image_map = | image_map1 = Beijing in China (+all claims hatched).svg | map_caption1 = چين منجھ بيجنگ ميونسپلٽي جو مقام | area_urban_footnotes = &nbsp;(2018)<ref>{{cite book |url = http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |title=Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition |last=Cox|first=W. |publisher=Demographia|year=2018|location=St. Louis|page=22|access-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503021711/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | coordinates = {{coord|39|54|24|N|116|23|51|E|type:adm1st_region:CN-11|display=it}} | coor_pinpoint = [[تيانمين اسڪوائر]] | subdivision_type = ملڪ | subdivision_name = [[چين]] | established_title =قيام | established_date = 1045 ق ۾ ([[جئو گھراڻو]]) | parts_type = انتظامي ورهاست<ref name="hist">{{cite web |title=Township divisions |url= http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Government/Administration_region/t930369.htm |website = ebeijing.gov.cn |access-date=22 July 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090903193329/http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Government/Administration_region/t930369.htm |archive-date=3 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><br />&nbsp;''ڪائونٽي سطح'':<br />&nbsp;''شھري سطح'': | parts = <br/>[[بيجنگ جا ضلعا| 16 ضلعا]]<br />289 ننڍا شھر ۽ ڳوٺ | government_type = سڌي اختيار واري ميونسپلٽي | leader_title = ڪميونسٽ پارٽي جو سيڪريٽري | leader_name = [[ڪائي چي]] | leader_title1 = ميئر | leader_name1 = [[چين جننگ|چَين جِننگ]] | total_type = ميونسپلٽي | area_footnotes = <ref name=mofcom>{{cite web |title=Doing Business in China – Survey |url = http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ |publisher=Ministry Of Commerce – People's Republic Of China |access-date=5 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140526181645/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ |archive-date=26 May 2014 }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 16,410.5 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = 4,144 | area_rural_km2 = 12,266.5 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 43.5 | population_total = 21,542,000 | population_as_of = 2018 | population_footnotes = <ref name="bulletin2018">{{cite web |url= http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/zxfb/201901/t20190123_415558.html |title= Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics and NBS Survey Office in Beijing |publisher= Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics |language = en |date= 23 January 2019 |access-date= 24 January 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190123121721/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/zxfb/201901/t20190123_415558.html |archive-date= 23 January 2019 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all }}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 21,450,000 | population_urban_footnotes = &nbsp;(2018)<ref>{{cite book |url = http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |title=Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition|last=Cox|first=W. |publisher=Demographia|year=2018|location=St. Louis|page=22|access-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503021711/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_metro = 24,000,000 | population_metro_footnotes = &nbsp;(2017)<ref name="oecd2015" /> | population_blank1_title = Ranks in China | population_blank1 = Population: [[List of People's Republic of China administrative divisions by population|27th]];<br />Density: [[List of People's Republic of China administrative divisions by population density|4th]] | population_demonym = <!--Don't restore Beijinger without cite. See talk page--> | demographics_type1 = وڏا نسلي گروھ | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = [[ھان چيني|ھان]] | demographics1_info5 = 0.7% | postal_code_type = [[چين جا پوسٽل ڪوڊ|پوسٽل ڪوڊ]] | postal_code = '''1000'''00–'''1026'''29 | area_code = [[چين جا ٽيليفون ڪوڊ|10]] | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-BJ]] | blank_name_sec1 = جي ڊي پي (ناليوار)<ref name="data2018-2019">GDP-2019 is a preliminary data, and GDP-2018 is a revision based on the 2018 CASEN: {{cite press release | url=http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0102| title=Home - Regional - Quarterly by Province| publisher=China NBS| date=15 April 2020| access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> | blank_info_sec1 = 2019 | blank1_name_sec1 = &nbsp;- ڪل | blank1_info_sec1 =¥3.5ٽرلين يوئان <br/>$538.5 بلين ڊالر | blank_name_sec2 = ''' شھر جا وڻ''' | blank_info_sec2 = [[چيني آربروائٽي]] (''پليٽيڪلاڊيس ارائنٽيلس'') | blank1_name_sec2 = &nbsp; | blank1_info_sec2 = [[اسٽفنولوبايم| پگوڊا وڻ]] (''سفورا جپانيڪا'') | website = [http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/ Beijing Official Website International – eBeijing.gov.cn] {{in lang|en}}<br>[http://www.beijing.gov.cn/ 首都之窗-北京市政务门户网站] {{in lang|zh}} | footnotes = | leader_title2 = ڪانگريس چيئرمين | leader_name2 = [[لي وئي]] | leader_title3 = ڪانفرنس چيئرمين | leader_name3 = [[جي لن| جِي لِن]] | demographics1_info1 = 95% | demographics1_title2 = [[مانچو ماڻھو|مانچو]] | demographics1_info2 = 2% | demographics1_title3 = [[ھئي ماڻھو| ھئي]] | demographics1_info3 = 2% | demographics1_title4 = [[منگول]] | demographics1_info4 = 0.3% | demographics1_title5 = باقي ٻيا | timezone = [[چيني معياري وقت]] | utc_offset = +8 | blank2_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– في ڪس | blank2_info_sec1 =¥162,257<br/>$24,963 | blank3_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– واڌ | blank3_info_sec1 = {{increase}} 6.6% | blank4_name_sec1 = [[انساني ترقي جو اشاريو|ايڇ ڊي آء]] (2018) | blank4_info_sec1 = 0.905<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Subnational Human Development Index|year=2020|publisher=Global Data Lab China|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI|1st]]) – <span style="color:#090;">very high</span> | blank5_name_sec1 = گاڏين جي نمبر پليٽ | blank5_info_sec1 = {{lang|zh-cn|京A, C, E, F, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, Y}}<br />{{lang|zh-cn|京B}} (ٽئڪسيون)<br />{{lang|zh-cn|京G}} (شھر کان ٻاھران)<br />{{lang|zh-cn|京O, D}} (پوليس ۽ اختياريون) | blank6_name_sec1 = مخفف | blank6_info_sec1 = BJ / {{zh|c={{linktext|京}} |labels=no}} (jīng) | blank2_name_sec2 = '''شھري گلَ''' | blank2_info_sec2 = [[چيني گلاب]] | blank3_name_sec2 = &nbsp; | blank3_info_sec2 = [[ڪرسانتمم]] (Chrysanthemum) | official_name = }} {{Infobox Chinese | pic = Beijing name.svg | piccap = رواجي چيني لکت ۾ "بيجنگ" | picupright = 0.5 | c = {{linktext|lang=zh|北京}} | l = "اتريون گادي جو هنڌ" | p = {{Audio|Beijing pronunciation.ogg|Běijīng|help=no}} | psp = پيڪنگ<ref>Loaned earlier via French "Pékin".</ref><br />[[پيپنگ]] <small>(1368–1403;<br />1928–1937; 1945–1949)</small> | w = Pei³-ching¹ | mi = {{IPAc-cmn|b|ei|3|.|j|ing|1}} | bpmf = ㄅㄟˇ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄐㄧㄥ | gr = بِيجِنگ | j = بيڪ1گنگ1 | y = بيڪگنگ | ci = {{IPAc-yue|b|ak|1|.|g|ing|7}} ''يا'' {{IPAc-yue|b|ak|1|.|g|ing|1}} | suz = Poh-cin | poj = Pak-kiaⁿ | tl = Pak-kiann | buc = Báe̤k-gĭng | h = Bet⁵-gin¹ | showflag = p | t = | s = | altname = | tp = }} '''بيجنگ''' {{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' Beijing '''}} ({{IPAc-en|,|b|eɪ|ˈ|dʒ|ɪ|ŋ}} {{Respell|BAY|JING}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Beijing|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Beijing|website=Merriam-Webster.com|publisher=Merriam-Webster, Incorporated|access-date=29 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829115017/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Beijing|archive-date=29 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=longman>{{cite book|last=Wells|first=John|author-link=John C. Wells|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|publisher=Pearson Longman|edition=3rd|date=3 April 2008|isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0}}</ref>{{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Beijing pronunciation.ogg|b|ei|3|.|j|ing|1}}) جنھن جو اڳوڻو نالو '''پيڪنگ''' {{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' Peking'''}} ھيو<ref>{{citation |title=China Postal Album: Showing the Postal Establishments and Postal Routes in Each Province, ''1st ed.'' |location=Shanghai |publisher=Directorate General of Posts |date=1907}}</ref><ref>{{Cite OED|Peking}}</ref> عوامي جمهوريه [[چين]] جو گاديءَ جو هنڌ آهي. آبادي جي لحاظ کان اھو دنيا جو سڀ کان وڏو گادي وارو شھر آھي جنھن جي آبادي 2,10,00,000 آھي ۽ پکيڙ 16,410 چورس ڪلوميٽر اٿس.<ref name="bulletin2018" /> چين جي اترئين ڀاڱي ۾ واقع آھي جتي ميونسپلٽي واري سڌي حڪومت انتظام ھلائيندي آھي. ان ميونسپلٽي ۾ 16 شھري ۽ ٻھراڙيءَ وارا ضلعا واقع آھن. بيجنگ لفظ جي معني ''اتريون گادي جو هنڌ'' آهي. ھي شھر سڌي حڪمراني واري ميونسپلٽي جي حدن اندر واقع آهي. ان ميونسپلٽي واري علائقي جي حڪومت ڪميونسٽ پارٽي جي ضابطي ھيٺ ڪم ڪندي آهي جنھن کي پارٽي جي بيجنگ واري شاخ جو سيڪريٽري ھلائيندو آھي. سرڪاري ملازمن ۾ شھر جو ميئر ۽ ڊپٽي ميئر پڻ شامل ھوندا آھن. سپريم پيپلز ڪورٽ شھر جي سڀ کان وڏي عدالت آھي. ٻين عدالتن ۾ ٽي انٽرميڊئيٽ پيپلز ڪورٽون، ھڪ انٽرميڊئيٽ ريلوي ٽرانسپورٽ ڪورٽ ۽ 14 بيسڪ پيپلز ڪورٽون شامل آهن. ھي شھر چين جو شنگھائي کان پوءِ آبادي ۾ ٻيون وڏو شھر ۽ ٽين وڏي ميونسپلٽي آھي. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهرين لنڪس== [[زمرو:بيجنگ| ]] [[زمرو:چين]] [[زمرو:وڏا شهر]] [[زمرو:راڄڌانيون]] [[زمرو:چين جا شھر]] [[زمرو:ايشيا ۾ راڄڌانيون]] [[زمرو:اتر چين جو ميدان]] [[زمرو:چين جا ميٽروپوليٽن علائقا]] [[زمرو:ويڊيو ڪلپس تي مشتمل مضمون]] [[زمرو:11 صدي قبل مسيح ۾ چين ۾ ادارا]] [[زمرو:قومي مشهور تاريخي ۽ ثقافتي شهر]] [[زمرو:چين جون سڌي طرح انتظامي ميونسپلٽيون]] [[زمرو:ٻئي صدي قبل مسيح ۾ قائم ٿيل آبادي واريون جڳهيون]] e74jl7dmkbr6bm536r00ty1w2myf5kw 373159 373153 2026-04-24T12:20:58Z Memon2025 21315 373159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = {{raise|0.2em|بَيجِنگ}} | native_name = {{lower|0.1em|北京市}} | native_name_lang = zh | other_name= پِيڪِنگ | settlement_type = [[چين جون سڌي اختيار واريون ميونسپلٽيون| چيني حڪومت جي سڌي اختيار واري ميونسپلٽي]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | image1 = Beijing skyline from northeast 4th ring road.jpg | image2 = Tiananmen Gate.jpg | image3 = The Great Wall of China - Badaling.jpg | image4 = Beijing National Stadium 1.jpg | image5 = SA Temple of Heaven.jpg | image6 = National Centre for the Performing Arts and Great Hall of the People.jpg }} | image_size = | image_caption =گھڙيالي چڪر وانگر مٿان کان: بيجنگ جو سينٽرل بزنس ڊسٽرڪٽ جو افقي منظر [[بيڊلنگ| بيڊلنگ واري عظيم ديوار]]، [[آسماني مندر]]، [[گريٽ ھال آف دي پيپل]](کاٻي پاسي) ۽ چين جو نيشنل سينٽر (ساڄي پاسي)، [[نيشنل اسٽيڊيم، بيجنگ]]، [[تيان مين]] | image_map = | image_map1 = Beijing in China (+all claims hatched).svg | map_caption1 = چين منجھ بيجنگ ميونسپلٽي جو مقام | area_urban_footnotes = &nbsp;(2018)<ref>{{cite book |url = http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |title=Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition |last=Cox|first=W. |publisher=Demographia|year=2018|location=St. Louis|page=22|access-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503021711/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | coordinates = {{coord|39|54|24|N|116|23|51|E|type:adm1st_region:CN-11|display=it}} | coor_pinpoint = [[تيانمين اسڪوائر]] | subdivision_type = ملڪ | subdivision_name = [[چين]] | established_title =قيام | established_date = 1045 ق ۾ ([[جئو گھراڻو]]) | parts_type = انتظامي ورهاست<ref name="hist">{{cite web |title=Township divisions |url= http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Government/Administration_region/t930369.htm |website = ebeijing.gov.cn |access-date=22 July 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090903193329/http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Government/Administration_region/t930369.htm |archive-date=3 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><br />&nbsp;''ڪائونٽي سطح'':<br />&nbsp;''شھري سطح'': | parts = <br/>[[بيجنگ جا ضلعا| 16 ضلعا]]<br />289 ننڍا شھر ۽ ڳوٺ | government_type = سڌي اختيار واري ميونسپلٽي | leader_title = ڪميونسٽ پارٽي جو سيڪريٽري | leader_name = [[ڪائي چي]] | leader_title1 = ميئر | leader_name1 = [[چين جننگ|چَين جِننگ]] | total_type = ميونسپلٽي | area_footnotes = <ref name=mofcom>{{cite web |title=Doing Business in China – Survey |url = http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ |publisher=Ministry Of Commerce – People's Republic Of China |access-date=5 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140526181645/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ |archive-date=26 May 2014 }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 16,410.5 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = 4,144 | area_rural_km2 = 12,266.5 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 43.5 | population_total = 21,542,000 | population_as_of = 2018 | population_footnotes = <ref name="bulletin2018">{{cite web |url= http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/zxfb/201901/t20190123_415558.html |title= Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics and NBS Survey Office in Beijing |publisher= Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics |language = en |date= 23 January 2019 |access-date= 24 January 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190123121721/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/zxfb/201901/t20190123_415558.html |archive-date= 23 January 2019 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all }}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 21,450,000 | population_urban_footnotes = &nbsp;(2018)<ref>{{cite book |url = http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |title=Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition|last=Cox|first=W. |publisher=Demographia|year=2018|location=St. Louis|page=22|access-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503021711/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_metro = 24,000,000 | population_metro_footnotes = &nbsp;(2017)<ref name="oecd2015" /> | population_blank1_title = Ranks in China | population_blank1 = Population: [[List of People's Republic of China administrative divisions by population|27th]];<br />Density: [[List of People's Republic of China administrative divisions by population density|4th]] | population_demonym = <!--Don't restore Beijinger without cite. See talk page--> | demographics_type1 = وڏا نسلي گروھ | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = [[ھان چيني|ھان]] | demographics1_info5 = 0.7% | postal_code_type = [[چين جا پوسٽل ڪوڊ|پوسٽل ڪوڊ]] | postal_code = '''1000'''00–'''1026'''29 | area_code = [[چين جا ٽيليفون ڪوڊ|10]] | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-BJ]] | blank_name_sec1 = جي ڊي پي (ناليوار)<ref name="data2018-2019">GDP-2019 is a preliminary data, and GDP-2018 is a revision based on the 2018 CASEN: {{cite press release | url=http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0102| title=Home - Regional - Quarterly by Province| publisher=China NBS| date=15 April 2020| access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> | blank_info_sec1 = 2019 | blank1_name_sec1 = &nbsp;- ڪل | blank1_info_sec1 =¥3.5ٽرلين يوئان <br/>$538.5 بلين ڊالر | blank_name_sec2 = ''' شھر جا وڻ''' | blank_info_sec2 = [[چيني آربروائٽي]] (''پليٽيڪلاڊيس ارائنٽيلس'') | blank1_name_sec2 = &nbsp; | blank1_info_sec2 = [[اسٽفنولوبايم| پگوڊا وڻ]] (''سفورا جپانيڪا'') | website = [http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/ Beijing Official Website International – eBeijing.gov.cn] {{in lang|en}}<br>[http://www.beijing.gov.cn/ 首都之窗-北京市政务门户网站] {{in lang|zh}} | footnotes = | leader_title2 = ڪانگريس چيئرمين | leader_name2 = [[لي وئي]] | leader_title3 = ڪانفرنس چيئرمين | leader_name3 = [[جي لن| جِي لِن]] | demographics1_info1 = 95% | demographics1_title2 = [[مانچو ماڻھو|مانچو]] | demographics1_info2 = 2% | demographics1_title3 = [[ھئي ماڻھو| ھئي]] | demographics1_info3 = 2% | demographics1_title4 = [[منگول]] | demographics1_info4 = 0.3% | demographics1_title5 = باقي ٻيا | timezone = [[چيني معياري وقت]] | utc_offset = +8 | blank2_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– في ڪس | blank2_info_sec1 =¥162,257<br/>$24,963 | blank3_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– واڌ | blank3_info_sec1 = {{increase}} 6.6% | blank4_name_sec1 = [[انساني ترقي جو اشاريو|ايڇ ڊي آء]] (2018) | blank4_info_sec1 = 0.905<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Subnational Human Development Index|year=2020|publisher=Global Data Lab China|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI|1st]]) – <span style="color:#090;">very high</span> | blank5_name_sec1 = گاڏين جي نمبر پليٽ | blank5_info_sec1 = {{lang|zh-cn|京A, C, E, F, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, Y}}<br />{{lang|zh-cn|京B}} (ٽئڪسيون)<br />{{lang|zh-cn|京G}} (شھر کان ٻاھران)<br />{{lang|zh-cn|京O, D}} (پوليس ۽ اختياريون) | blank6_name_sec1 = مخفف | blank6_info_sec1 = BJ / {{zh|c={{linktext|京}} |labels=no}} (jīng) | blank2_name_sec2 = '''شھري گلَ''' | blank2_info_sec2 = [[چيني گلاب]] | blank3_name_sec2 = &nbsp; | blank3_info_sec2 = [[ڪرسانتمم]] (Chrysanthemum) | official_name = }} {{Infobox Chinese | pic = Beijing name.svg | piccap = رواجي چيني لکت ۾ "بيجنگ" | picupright = 0.5 | c = {{linktext|lang=zh|北京}} | l = "اتريون گادي جو هنڌ" | p = {{Audio|Beijing pronunciation.ogg|Běijīng|help=no}} | psp = پيڪنگ<ref>Loaned earlier via French "Pékin".</ref><br />[[پيپنگ]] <small>(1368–1403;<br />1928–1937; 1945–1949)</small> | w = Pei³-ching¹ | mi = {{IPAc-cmn|b|ei|3|.|j|ing|1}} | bpmf = ㄅㄟˇ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄐㄧㄥ | gr = بِيجِنگ | j = بيڪ1گنگ1 | y = بيڪگنگ | ci = {{IPAc-yue|b|ak|1|.|g|ing|7}} ''يا'' {{IPAc-yue|b|ak|1|.|g|ing|1}} | suz = Poh-cin | poj = Pak-kiaⁿ | tl = Pak-kiann | buc = Báe̤k-gĭng | h = Bet⁵-gin¹ | showflag = p | t = | s = | altname = | tp = }} '''بيجنگ''' {{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' Beijing '''}} {{Respell|BAY|JING}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Beijing|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Beijing|website=Merriam-Webster.com|publisher=Merriam-Webster, Incorporated|access-date=29 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829115017/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Beijing|archive-date=29 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=longman>{{cite book|last=Wells|first=John|author-link=John C. Wells|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|publisher=Pearson Longman|edition=3rd|date=3 April 2008|isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0}}</ref>) جنھن جو اڳوڻو نالو '''پيڪنگ''' {{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' Peking'''}}{{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Beijing pronunciation.ogg|b|ei|3|.|j|ing|1}}) ھيو<ref>{{citation |title=China Postal Album: Showing the Postal Establishments and Postal Routes in Each Province, ''1st ed.'' |location=Shanghai |publisher=Directorate General of Posts |date=1907}}</ref><ref>{{Cite OED|Peking}}</ref> عوامي جمهوريه [[چين]] جو گاديءَ جو هنڌ آهي. آبادي جي لحاظ کان اھو دنيا جو سڀ کان وڏو گادي وارو شھر آھي جنھن جي آبادي <small>'''2,10,00,000'''</small> آھي ۽ پکيڙ <small>16,410</small> چورس ڪلوميٽر اٿس.<ref name="bulletin2018" /> چين جي اترئين ڀاڱي ۾ واقع آھي جتي ميونسپلٽي واري سڌي حڪومت انتظام ھلائيندي آھي. ان ميونسپلٽي ۾ 16 شھري ۽ ٻھراڙيءَ وارا ضلعا واقع آھن. بيجنگ لفظ جي معني ''اتريون گادي جو هنڌ'' آهي. ھي شھر سڌي حڪمراني واري ميونسپلٽي جي حدن اندر واقع آهي. ان ميونسپلٽي واري علائقي جي حڪومت ڪميونسٽ پارٽي جي ضابطي ھيٺ ڪم ڪندي آهي جنھن کي پارٽي جي بيجنگ واري شاخ جو سيڪريٽري ھلائيندو آھي. سرڪاري ملازمن ۾ شھر جو ميئر ۽ ڊپٽي ميئر پڻ شامل ھوندا آھن. سپريم پيپلز ڪورٽ شھر جي سڀ کان وڏي عدالت آھي. ٻين عدالتن ۾ ٽي انٽرميڊئيٽ پيپلز ڪورٽون، ھڪ انٽرميڊئيٽ ريلوي ٽرانسپورٽ ڪورٽ ۽ 14 بيسڪ پيپلز ڪورٽون شامل آهن. ھي شھر چين جو شنگھائي کان پوءِ آبادي ۾ ٻيون وڏو شھر ۽ ٽين وڏي ميونسپلٽي آھي. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهرين لنڪس== [[زمرو:بيجنگ| ]] [[زمرو:چين]] [[زمرو:وڏا شهر]] [[زمرو:راڄڌانيون]] [[زمرو:چين جا شھر]] [[زمرو:ايشيا ۾ راڄڌانيون]] [[زمرو:اتر چين جو ميدان]] [[زمرو:چين جا ميٽروپوليٽن علائقا]] [[زمرو:ويڊيو ڪلپس تي مشتمل مضمون]] [[زمرو:11 صدي قبل مسيح ۾ چين ۾ ادارا]] [[زمرو:قومي مشهور تاريخي ۽ ثقافتي شهر]] [[زمرو:چين جون سڌي طرح انتظامي ميونسپلٽيون]] [[زمرو:ٻئي صدي قبل مسيح ۾ قائم ٿيل آبادي واريون جڳهيون]] c5qeir3kjk2agmxq3dkezaxamsgvrkz 0 77775 373179 360639 2026-04-24T14:53:10Z Memon2025 21315 373179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|U.S. state}} {{Infobox U.S. state | name = آئيڊاهو<br>Idaho | official_name = | native_name = | image_flag = Flag of Idaho.svg | flag_link = Flag of Idaho | image_seal = Seal of Idaho.svg | image_map = Idaho in United States.svg | nickname = پوتاتو ریاست، جيم ریاست (سرڪاري) | motto = ''[[Esto perpetua]]'' ([[Latin (language)|Latin]] "ان کي دائم رهڻ ڏيو"<ref>{{cite web |title=Facts & Symbols |url=https://www.idaho.gov/about-idaho/facts-symbols/ |website=The Official Website of the State of Idaho |publisher=Access Idaho |access-date=May 8, 2023}}</ref> | anthem = "هتي اسان آئيڊاهو آهيون" | Former = اوريگون علائقو، واشنگٽن جو علائقو، آئيڊاهو علائقو | population_demonym = Idahoan | گاديء جو ھنڌ = بوائس | OfficialLang = [[English language|English]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Idaho Statutes (73-121)|publisher=State of Idaho|year=2017|url=https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/|access-date=December 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208122627/https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/|archive-date=December 8, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | LargestCity = گاديء جو ھنڌ | LargestCounty = [[Ada County, Idaho|Ada]] | LargestMetro = | گورنر = براڊ لٽل (ريپبلڪن) | نائب گورنر = اسکاٽ بيڊڪي (ريپبلڪن) | Legislature = [[Idaho Legislature|Legislature]] | Upperhouse = [[Idaho Senate|Senate]] | Lowerhouse = [[Idaho House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] | Judiciary = [[Idaho Supreme Court]] | Senators = [[Mike Crapo]] (R) <br />[[Jim Risch]] (R) | Representative = [[Idaho's 1st congressional district|1]]. [[Russ Fulcher]] (R) <br />[[Idaho's 2nd congressional district|2]]. [[Mike Simpson]] (R) | MedianHouseholdIncome = $76918<ref>{{cite web | url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEHOINUSIDA646N | title=Median Household Income in Idaho }}</ref> | IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|31st]] | postal_code = ID | area_rank = 11th | area_total_sq_mi = 83,570<ref>[https://www.census.gov] United States Census Bureau—Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010</ref> | area_total_km2 = 216,444 | area_land_sq_mi = 82,644 | area_land_km2 = 214,046 | area_water_sq_mi = 927 | area_water_km2 = 2,399 | area_water_percent = 1.11 | population_rank = 38th | 2010Pop = 1,964,727 | population_density_rank = 44th | AdmittanceOrder = 43هون | AdmittanceDate = يونين ۾ داخل ٿيو: 3 جولاءِ 1890ع | timezone1 = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain]] | utc_offset1 = −07:00 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | timezone1_location = | timezone2 = | utc_offset2 = | timezone2_DST = | utc_offset2_DST = | timezone2_location = | Latitude = [[42nd parallel north|42° N]] to [[49th parallel north|49° N]] | Longitude = 111°03′ W to 117°15′ W | width_mi = 305 | width_km = 491 | length_mi = 479 | length_km = 771 | elevation_max_point = بورا چوٽي<ref>{{cite ngs|id=PZ0770|designation=Beauty Reset|access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|access-date=October 21, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|archive-date=October 15, 2011}}</ref>{{efn|name=NAVD88|Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].}} | elevation_max_ft = 12,662 | elevation_max_m = 3,859 | elevation_ft = 5,000 | elevation_m = 1,520 | elevation_min_point = اسنیڪ ندي ۽ ڪلیرواٽر نديءَ جو سنگم؛ ليوسٽن<ref name=USGS/>{{efn|name=NAVD88}} | elevation_min_ft = 713 | elevation_min_m = 217 | iso_code = US-ID | website = idaho.gov | 2010DensityUS = 23.63 | 2010Density = 8.33 | Capital = | Representatives = }} {{Infobox region symbols|country=گڏيل آمريڪي رياستون | image_flag = Flag of Idaho.svg | image_seal = Seal of Idaho.svg | state = آئيڊاهو | amphibian = [[Tiger salamander]] (''Ambystoma&nbsp;tigrinum'') | bird = جبل جو نيرو پکي<br>ريپٽر: پيريگرائن فالڪن | butterfly = | crustacean = | fish = ڪٽهڙو ٽراوٽ | flower = سرنگا | horse = [[Appaloosa]] | insect = بادشاهه تتل | mammal = | reptile = | tree = مغربي اڇو پائن | beverage = | colors = | dance = چورس ناچ | food = {{ubl|'''Fruit:''' [[Huckleberry]]|'''Vegetable:''' [[Potato]]}} | fossil = [[Hagerman horse]] (''Equus&nbsp;simplicidens'') | gemstone = [[Star garnet]] | mineral = | instrument = | poem = | rock = | shell = | soil = [[Threebear (soil)|Threebear]] | sport = | toy = | image_route = Idaho_75.svg | image_quarter = | quarter_release_date = 2007 }} '''آئيڊاهو''' (Idaho؛ {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Idaho.ogg|ˈ|aɪ|d|ə|h|oʊ}} {{Respell|EYE|də|hoh}}) [[آمريڪا جون گڏيل رياستون|آمريڪا جي گڏيل رياستن]] جی ھڪ لينڊ لاڪڊ رياست آھي جيڪا مائونٽين ويسٽ آمريڪا جي مغربي علائقي ۾ آھي. اهو اتر ۾ ڪئناڊا-آمريڪا جي سرحد جو هڪ ننڍڙو حصو آهي، برٽش ڪولمبيا جي صوبي سان. ان جون سرحدون اوڀر ۾ مونٽانا ۽ وومنگ، ڏکڻ ۾ نيواڊا ۽ يوٽا، ۽ اولهه ۾ واشنگٽن ۽ اوريگن سان لڳن ٿيون. رياست جي گاديءَ جو هنڌ ۽ سڀ کان وڏو شهر بوئس آهي. 83,569 چورس ميل (2,16,440 اسڪوائر ڪلوميٽر) جي ايراضيءَ سان، آئيڊاهو زميني ايراضيءَ جي لحاظ کان 14هين وڏي رياست آهي. تقريبن 18 لک جي آبادي سان، اهو 50 آمريڪي رياستن مان 13 هين گهٽ ۾ گهٽ آبادي وارو ۽ 7 هين گهٽ ۾ گهٽ گنجان آبادي جي حيثيت رکي ٿو. هزارين سالن تائين، ۽ يورپي نوآبادياتي کان اڳ، آئيڊاهو مقامي ماڻهن طرفان آباد ڪيو ويو هو. 19 صدي جي شروعات ۾، آئيڊاهو کي اوريگن ملڪ جو حصو سمجهيو ويندو هو، جيڪو آمريڪا ۽ برطانوي سلطنت جي وچ ۾ تڪرار جو علائقو هو. اهو سرڪاري طور تي 1846 جي اوريگون معاهدي تي دستخط ٿيڻ سان يو ايس جو علائقو بڻجي ويو، پر 1863 تائين هڪ الڳ آئيڊاهو علائقو منظم نه ڪيو ويو، ان جي بدران اوگراون ٽيريٽري ۽ واشنگٽن جي علائقي ۾ وقتن لاءِ شامل ڪيو ويو. آئيڊاهو آخرڪار 3 جولاء 1890 تي يونين ۾ داخل ڪيو ويو، 43 هين رياست بڻجي ويو. پئسفڪ شمال مغربي جو حصو بڻجڻ (۽ لاڳاپيل کاسکیڈیا بائیو ریجن)، آئيڊاهو ڪيترن ئي مختلف جاگرافيائي ۽ موسمي علائقن ۾ ورهايل آهي. رياست جو اُتر، نسبتاً اڪيلائيءَ وارو آئيڊاهو پان ھینڈل، مشرقي واشنگٽن سان ويجھو جڙيل آهي، جنهن سان اهو پئسفڪ ٽائم زون شيئر ڪري ٿو. باقي رياست جبل جي وقت واري علائقي کي استعمال ڪري ٿي. رياست جي ڏکڻ ۾ سانپ نديءَ جو ميدان شامل آهي (جنهن ۾ اڪثر آبادي ۽ زرعي زمين آهي)، ۽ ڏکڻ اوڀر ۾ وڏي بيسن جو حصو شامل آهي. آئيڊاهو ڪافي جبل آهي ۽ راڪي جبلن جي ڪيترن ئي حصن تي مشتمل آهي. گڏيل ریاستن جي ٻيلي سروس آئيڊاهو جي زمين جو 38 سيڪڙو آهي، جيڪا ڪنهن به رياست جو سڀ کان وڏو تناسب آھي.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110727120656/http://www.wildlandfire.com/docs/2007/western-states-data-public-land.htm "Western States Data Public Land Acreage"], ''wildlandfire.com''. Archived on July 27, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2020.</ref> رياستي معيشت لاءِ اهم صنعتون جن ۾ پيداوار، زراعت، کان کني، جنگلات، ۽ سياحت شامل آهن. ڪيتريون ئي سائنس ۽ ٽيڪنالاجي ڪمپنيون يا ته هيڊ ڪوارٽر آئيڊاهو ۾ آهن يا اتي ڪارخانا آهن، ۽ رياست پڻ آئيڊاهو نيشنل ليبارٽري تي مشتمل آهي، جيڪا ملڪ جي سڀ کان وڏي ڊپارٽمينٽ آف انرجي سهولت آهي. آئيڊاهو جو زرعي شعبو ڪيترن ئي شين جي فراهمي فراهم ڪري ٿو، پر رياست پنهنجي آلو جي فصل لاءِ مشهور آهي، جيڪا سڄي ملڪ جي پيداوار جو هڪ ٽيون حصو شامل آهي. رياست جو سرڪاري نالو "Gem State" آھي.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf|title=Origins of the Name "Idaho" and How Idaho Became a Territory in 1863|last=Wells|first=Merle W|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406151232/https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf|archive-date=April 6, 2019|access-date=January 16, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ==نالو== ==تاريخ== ==جاگرافي== [[فائل:USA_Names_Idaho.png|thumb|آئيڊاهو]] ==آبادي== ==قانون ۽ حڪومت== ==معيشت== ==توانائي== ==ٽرانسپورٽ== ==تعليم== ==ثقافت== آئيڊاهو رياست جي جون علامتون آئيڊاهو جو جهنڊو آئيڊاهو جي مهر جاندار علامتون امفيبين: Tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) پکي: جبل جو نيرو پکي ريپٽر: پيريگرائن فالڪن مڇي: ڪٽهڙو ٽراوٽ گل: سرنگا گھوڙي جو نسل: Appaloosa حشر: بادشاهه تتل وڻ : مغربي اڇو پائن غيرجاندار علامتون رقص: چورس ناچ کاڌو Fruit: Huckleberry Vegetable: Potato فوسل Hagerman horse (Equus simplicidens) قيمتي پٿر Star garnet مٽي Threebear رياستي روٽ نشان ==رانديون== ==پڻ ڏسو== ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Sister project links|Idaho|voy=Idaho}} * {{Citation | url = http://www.idaho.gov/ | title = State of Idaho government}}. * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/idaho/index.html/ Idaho State Guide, from the Library of Congress] * {{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Idaho}} * {{Citation | url = http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | title = Energy Profile for Idaho | publisher = DoE | place = [[United States of America|US]] | access-date = December 1, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101117133720/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | archive-date = November 17, 2010 | url-status = dead}}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.parksandrecreation.idaho.gov/ | title = Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation}}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho | contribution = Idaho Newspapers | title = US newspapers | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120620062930/http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho/ | archive-date = June 20, 2012}}. * {{Citation | url = http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | title = Idaho State Databases | format = wiki | publisher = Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association | access-date = June 12, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080515221248/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | archive-date = May 15, 2008 | url-status = dead }}—Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Idaho state agencies. * {{Citation | url = http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=16&Statestate=Idaho#.U8Lah_ldUeo | title = Idaho State Facts | publisher = USDA }}{{مئل ڳنڍڻو|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/4logcabins/4logcabins.htm | title = Log Cabins in America: The Finnish Experience | publisher = National Park Service | type = teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan}}. * {{Citation | url = http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | title = The History of Idaho | publisher = State government | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080509090534/http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | archive-date = May 9, 2008}}. * {{Citation | url = http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | place = US | publisher = Census Bureau | title = Quick facts | contribution = States | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120611033538/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | archive-date = June 11, 2012}}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | publisher = USGS | title = Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Idaho | access-date = January 18, 2007 | archive-date = December 9, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161209115436/https://www2.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | url-status = dead }}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.visitidaho.org/ | title = Visit Idaho | type = official state tourism website}}. * {{Citation | url = https://uspopulation2019.com/population-of-idaho-2019.html | title = Idaho population of 2019}}. * {{osmrelation-inline|162116}} {{s-start}} {{s-bef|before=[[Washington (state)|Washington]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of U.S. states by date of statehood]]|years=Admitted on July 3, 1890 (43rd)}} {{s-aft|after=[[Wyoming]]}} {{s-end}} {{Navboxes | title = [[File:Nuvola apps kpdf2.png|25px]] Topics related to Idaho | state = off | list1 = {{Idaho|expanded}} {{United States political divisions}} {{United States topics}} }} {{Authority control}} {{coord|45|-115|dim:500000_region:US-ID_type:adm1st|name=State of Idaho|display=title}} [[زمرو:آئيڊاهو]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا جون مائونٽئن رياستون]] [[زمرو:گڏيل آمريڪي رياستن جون رياستون]] [[Category:1890 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1890]] [[Category:Western United States]] [[Category:Contiguous United States]] ho5v5qmli4u6binlws22wq7nxdzm6xh 373180 373179 2026-04-24T14:55:24Z Memon2025 21315 /* ثقافت */ 373180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|U.S. state}} {{Infobox U.S. state | name = آئيڊاهو<br>Idaho | official_name = | native_name = | image_flag = Flag of Idaho.svg | flag_link = Flag of Idaho | image_seal = Seal of Idaho.svg | image_map = Idaho in United States.svg | nickname = پوتاتو ریاست، جيم ریاست (سرڪاري) | motto = ''[[Esto perpetua]]'' ([[Latin (language)|Latin]] "ان کي دائم رهڻ ڏيو"<ref>{{cite web |title=Facts & Symbols |url=https://www.idaho.gov/about-idaho/facts-symbols/ |website=The Official Website of the State of Idaho |publisher=Access Idaho |access-date=May 8, 2023}}</ref> | anthem = "هتي اسان آئيڊاهو آهيون" | Former = اوريگون علائقو، واشنگٽن جو علائقو، آئيڊاهو علائقو | population_demonym = Idahoan | گاديء جو ھنڌ = بوائس | OfficialLang = [[English language|English]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Idaho Statutes (73-121)|publisher=State of Idaho|year=2017|url=https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/|access-date=December 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208122627/https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/|archive-date=December 8, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | LargestCity = گاديء جو ھنڌ | LargestCounty = [[Ada County, Idaho|Ada]] | LargestMetro = | گورنر = براڊ لٽل (ريپبلڪن) | نائب گورنر = اسکاٽ بيڊڪي (ريپبلڪن) | Legislature = [[Idaho Legislature|Legislature]] | Upperhouse = [[Idaho Senate|Senate]] | Lowerhouse = [[Idaho House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] | Judiciary = [[Idaho Supreme Court]] | Senators = [[Mike Crapo]] (R) <br />[[Jim Risch]] (R) | Representative = [[Idaho's 1st congressional district|1]]. [[Russ Fulcher]] (R) <br />[[Idaho's 2nd congressional district|2]]. [[Mike Simpson]] (R) | MedianHouseholdIncome = $76918<ref>{{cite web | url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEHOINUSIDA646N | title=Median Household Income in Idaho }}</ref> | IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|31st]] | postal_code = ID | area_rank = 11th | area_total_sq_mi = 83,570<ref>[https://www.census.gov] United States Census Bureau—Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010</ref> | area_total_km2 = 216,444 | area_land_sq_mi = 82,644 | area_land_km2 = 214,046 | area_water_sq_mi = 927 | area_water_km2 = 2,399 | area_water_percent = 1.11 | population_rank = 38th | 2010Pop = 1,964,727 | population_density_rank = 44th | AdmittanceOrder = 43هون | AdmittanceDate = يونين ۾ داخل ٿيو: 3 جولاءِ 1890ع | timezone1 = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain]] | utc_offset1 = −07:00 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | timezone1_location = | timezone2 = | utc_offset2 = | timezone2_DST = | utc_offset2_DST = | timezone2_location = | Latitude = [[42nd parallel north|42° N]] to [[49th parallel north|49° N]] | Longitude = 111°03′ W to 117°15′ W | width_mi = 305 | width_km = 491 | length_mi = 479 | length_km = 771 | elevation_max_point = بورا چوٽي<ref>{{cite ngs|id=PZ0770|designation=Beauty Reset|access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|access-date=October 21, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|archive-date=October 15, 2011}}</ref>{{efn|name=NAVD88|Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].}} | elevation_max_ft = 12,662 | elevation_max_m = 3,859 | elevation_ft = 5,000 | elevation_m = 1,520 | elevation_min_point = اسنیڪ ندي ۽ ڪلیرواٽر نديءَ جو سنگم؛ ليوسٽن<ref name=USGS/>{{efn|name=NAVD88}} | elevation_min_ft = 713 | elevation_min_m = 217 | iso_code = US-ID | website = idaho.gov | 2010DensityUS = 23.63 | 2010Density = 8.33 | Capital = | Representatives = }} {{Infobox region symbols|country=گڏيل آمريڪي رياستون | image_flag = Flag of Idaho.svg | image_seal = Seal of Idaho.svg | state = آئيڊاهو | amphibian = [[Tiger salamander]] (''Ambystoma&nbsp;tigrinum'') | bird = جبل جو نيرو پکي<br>ريپٽر: پيريگرائن فالڪن | butterfly = | crustacean = | fish = ڪٽهڙو ٽراوٽ | flower = سرنگا | horse = [[Appaloosa]] | insect = بادشاهه تتل | mammal = | reptile = | tree = مغربي اڇو پائن | beverage = | colors = | dance = چورس ناچ | food = {{ubl|'''Fruit:''' [[Huckleberry]]|'''Vegetable:''' [[Potato]]}} | fossil = [[Hagerman horse]] (''Equus&nbsp;simplicidens'') | gemstone = [[Star garnet]] | mineral = | instrument = | poem = | rock = | shell = | soil = [[Threebear (soil)|Threebear]] | sport = | toy = | image_route = Idaho_75.svg | image_quarter = | quarter_release_date = 2007 }} '''آئيڊاهو''' (Idaho؛ {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Idaho.ogg|ˈ|aɪ|d|ə|h|oʊ}} {{Respell|EYE|də|hoh}}) [[آمريڪا جون گڏيل رياستون|آمريڪا جي گڏيل رياستن]] جی ھڪ لينڊ لاڪڊ رياست آھي جيڪا مائونٽين ويسٽ آمريڪا جي مغربي علائقي ۾ آھي. اهو اتر ۾ ڪئناڊا-آمريڪا جي سرحد جو هڪ ننڍڙو حصو آهي، برٽش ڪولمبيا جي صوبي سان. ان جون سرحدون اوڀر ۾ مونٽانا ۽ وومنگ، ڏکڻ ۾ نيواڊا ۽ يوٽا، ۽ اولهه ۾ واشنگٽن ۽ اوريگن سان لڳن ٿيون. رياست جي گاديءَ جو هنڌ ۽ سڀ کان وڏو شهر بوئس آهي. 83,569 چورس ميل (2,16,440 اسڪوائر ڪلوميٽر) جي ايراضيءَ سان، آئيڊاهو زميني ايراضيءَ جي لحاظ کان 14هين وڏي رياست آهي. تقريبن 18 لک جي آبادي سان، اهو 50 آمريڪي رياستن مان 13 هين گهٽ ۾ گهٽ آبادي وارو ۽ 7 هين گهٽ ۾ گهٽ گنجان آبادي جي حيثيت رکي ٿو. هزارين سالن تائين، ۽ يورپي نوآبادياتي کان اڳ، آئيڊاهو مقامي ماڻهن طرفان آباد ڪيو ويو هو. 19 صدي جي شروعات ۾، آئيڊاهو کي اوريگن ملڪ جو حصو سمجهيو ويندو هو، جيڪو آمريڪا ۽ برطانوي سلطنت جي وچ ۾ تڪرار جو علائقو هو. اهو سرڪاري طور تي 1846 جي اوريگون معاهدي تي دستخط ٿيڻ سان يو ايس جو علائقو بڻجي ويو، پر 1863 تائين هڪ الڳ آئيڊاهو علائقو منظم نه ڪيو ويو، ان جي بدران اوگراون ٽيريٽري ۽ واشنگٽن جي علائقي ۾ وقتن لاءِ شامل ڪيو ويو. آئيڊاهو آخرڪار 3 جولاء 1890 تي يونين ۾ داخل ڪيو ويو، 43 هين رياست بڻجي ويو. پئسفڪ شمال مغربي جو حصو بڻجڻ (۽ لاڳاپيل کاسکیڈیا بائیو ریجن)، آئيڊاهو ڪيترن ئي مختلف جاگرافيائي ۽ موسمي علائقن ۾ ورهايل آهي. رياست جو اُتر، نسبتاً اڪيلائيءَ وارو آئيڊاهو پان ھینڈل، مشرقي واشنگٽن سان ويجھو جڙيل آهي، جنهن سان اهو پئسفڪ ٽائم زون شيئر ڪري ٿو. باقي رياست جبل جي وقت واري علائقي کي استعمال ڪري ٿي. رياست جي ڏکڻ ۾ سانپ نديءَ جو ميدان شامل آهي (جنهن ۾ اڪثر آبادي ۽ زرعي زمين آهي)، ۽ ڏکڻ اوڀر ۾ وڏي بيسن جو حصو شامل آهي. آئيڊاهو ڪافي جبل آهي ۽ راڪي جبلن جي ڪيترن ئي حصن تي مشتمل آهي. گڏيل ریاستن جي ٻيلي سروس آئيڊاهو جي زمين جو 38 سيڪڙو آهي، جيڪا ڪنهن به رياست جو سڀ کان وڏو تناسب آھي.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110727120656/http://www.wildlandfire.com/docs/2007/western-states-data-public-land.htm "Western States Data Public Land Acreage"], ''wildlandfire.com''. Archived on July 27, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2020.</ref> رياستي معيشت لاءِ اهم صنعتون جن ۾ پيداوار، زراعت، کان کني، جنگلات، ۽ سياحت شامل آهن. ڪيتريون ئي سائنس ۽ ٽيڪنالاجي ڪمپنيون يا ته هيڊ ڪوارٽر آئيڊاهو ۾ آهن يا اتي ڪارخانا آهن، ۽ رياست پڻ آئيڊاهو نيشنل ليبارٽري تي مشتمل آهي، جيڪا ملڪ جي سڀ کان وڏي ڊپارٽمينٽ آف انرجي سهولت آهي. آئيڊاهو جو زرعي شعبو ڪيترن ئي شين جي فراهمي فراهم ڪري ٿو، پر رياست پنهنجي آلو جي فصل لاءِ مشهور آهي، جيڪا سڄي ملڪ جي پيداوار جو هڪ ٽيون حصو شامل آهي. رياست جو سرڪاري نالو "Gem State" آھي.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf|title=Origins of the Name "Idaho" and How Idaho Became a Territory in 1863|last=Wells|first=Merle W|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406151232/https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf|archive-date=April 6, 2019|access-date=January 16, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ==نالو== ==تاريخ== ==جاگرافي== [[فائل:USA_Names_Idaho.png|thumb|آئيڊاهو]] ==آبادي== ==قانون ۽ حڪومت== ==معيشت== ==توانائي== ==ٽرانسپورٽ== ==تعليم== ==ثقافت== آئيڊاهو رياست جي جون علامتون آئيڊاهو جو جهنڊو آئيڊاهو جي مهر جاندار علامتون امفيبين: Tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) پکي: جبل جو نيرو پکي ريپٽر: پيريگرائن فالڪن مڇي: ڪٽهڙو ٽراوٽ گل: سرنگا گھوڙي جو نسل: Appaloosa حشر: بادشاهه تتل وڻ : مغربي اڇو پائن غيرجاندار علامتون رقص: چورس ناچ کاڌو Fruit: Huckleberry Vegetable: Potato فوسل: Hagerman horse (Equus simplicidens) قيمتي پٿر: Star garnet مٽي: Threebear رياستي روٽ نشان ==رانديون== ==پڻ ڏسو== ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Sister project links|Idaho|voy=Idaho}} * {{Citation | url = http://www.idaho.gov/ | title = State of Idaho government}}. * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/idaho/index.html/ Idaho State Guide, from the Library of Congress] * {{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Idaho}} * {{Citation | url = http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | title = Energy Profile for Idaho | publisher = DoE | place = [[United States of America|US]] | access-date = December 1, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101117133720/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | archive-date = November 17, 2010 | url-status = dead}}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.parksandrecreation.idaho.gov/ | title = Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation}}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho | contribution = Idaho Newspapers | title = US newspapers | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120620062930/http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho/ | archive-date = June 20, 2012}}. * {{Citation | url = http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | title = Idaho State Databases | format = wiki | publisher = Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association | access-date = June 12, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080515221248/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | archive-date = May 15, 2008 | url-status = dead }}—Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Idaho state agencies. * {{Citation | url = http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=16&Statestate=Idaho#.U8Lah_ldUeo | title = Idaho State Facts | publisher = USDA }}{{مئل ڳنڍڻو|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/4logcabins/4logcabins.htm | title = Log Cabins in America: The Finnish Experience | publisher = National Park Service | type = teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan}}. * {{Citation | url = http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | title = The History of Idaho | publisher = State government | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080509090534/http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | archive-date = May 9, 2008}}. * {{Citation | url = http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | place = US | publisher = Census Bureau | title = Quick facts | contribution = States | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120611033538/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | archive-date = June 11, 2012}}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | publisher = USGS | title = Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Idaho | access-date = January 18, 2007 | archive-date = December 9, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161209115436/https://www2.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | url-status = dead }}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.visitidaho.org/ | title = Visit Idaho | type = official state tourism website}}. * {{Citation | url = https://uspopulation2019.com/population-of-idaho-2019.html | title = Idaho population of 2019}}. * {{osmrelation-inline|162116}} {{s-start}} {{s-bef|before=[[Washington (state)|Washington]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of U.S. states by date of statehood]]|years=Admitted on July 3, 1890 (43rd)}} {{s-aft|after=[[Wyoming]]}} {{s-end}} {{Navboxes | title = [[File:Nuvola apps kpdf2.png|25px]] Topics related to Idaho | state = off | list1 = {{Idaho|expanded}} {{United States political divisions}} {{United States topics}} }} {{Authority control}} {{coord|45|-115|dim:500000_region:US-ID_type:adm1st|name=State of Idaho|display=title}} [[زمرو:آئيڊاهو]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا جون مائونٽئن رياستون]] [[زمرو:گڏيل آمريڪي رياستن جون رياستون]] [[Category:1890 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1890]] [[Category:Western United States]] [[Category:Contiguous United States]] ttke49ahiszezukoe9ailgake4v8ewc 373181 373180 2026-04-24T14:56:18Z Memon2025 21315 373181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|U.S. state}} {{Infobox U.S. state | name = آئيڊاهو<br>Idaho | official_name = | native_name = | image_flag = Flag of Idaho.svg | flag_link = Flag of Idaho | image_seal = Seal of Idaho.svg | image_map = Idaho in United States.svg | nickname = پوتاتو ریاست، جيم ریاست (سرڪاري) | motto = ''[[Esto perpetua]]'' ([[Latin (language)|Latin]] "ان کي دائم رهڻ ڏيو"<ref>{{cite web |title=Facts & Symbols |url=https://www.idaho.gov/about-idaho/facts-symbols/ |website=The Official Website of the State of Idaho |publisher=Access Idaho |access-date=May 8, 2023}}</ref> | anthem = "هتي اسان آئيڊاهو آهيون" | Former = اوريگون علائقو، واشنگٽن جو علائقو، آئيڊاهو علائقو | population_demonym = Idahoan | گاديء جو ھنڌ = بوائس | OfficialLang = [[English language|English]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Idaho Statutes (73-121)|publisher=State of Idaho|year=2017|url=https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/|access-date=December 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208122627/https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/|archive-date=December 8, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | LargestCity = گاديء جو ھنڌ | LargestCounty = [[Ada County, Idaho|Ada]] | LargestMetro = | گورنر = براڊ لٽل (ريپبلڪن) | نائب گورنر = اسکاٽ بيڊڪي (ريپبلڪن) | Legislature = [[Idaho Legislature|Legislature]] | Upperhouse = [[Idaho Senate|Senate]] | Lowerhouse = [[Idaho House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] | Judiciary = [[Idaho Supreme Court]] | Senators = [[Mike Crapo]] (R) <br />[[Jim Risch]] (R) | Representative = [[Idaho's 1st congressional district|1]]. [[Russ Fulcher]] (R) <br />[[Idaho's 2nd congressional district|2]]. [[Mike Simpson]] (R) | MedianHouseholdIncome = $76918<ref>{{cite web | url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEHOINUSIDA646N | title=Median Household Income in Idaho }}</ref> | IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|31st]] | postal_code = ID | area_rank = 11th | area_total_sq_mi = 83,570<ref>[https://www.census.gov] United States Census Bureau—Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010</ref> | area_total_km2 = 216,444 | area_land_sq_mi = 82,644 | area_land_km2 = 214,046 | area_water_sq_mi = 927 | area_water_km2 = 2,399 | area_water_percent = 1.11 | population_rank = 38th | 2010Pop = 1,964,727 | population_density_rank = 44th | AdmittanceOrder = 43هون | AdmittanceDate = يونين ۾ داخل ٿيو: 3 جولاءِ 1890ع | timezone1 = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain]] | utc_offset1 = −07:00 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | timezone1_location = | timezone2 = | utc_offset2 = | timezone2_DST = | utc_offset2_DST = | timezone2_location = | Latitude = [[42nd parallel north|42° N]] to [[49th parallel north|49° N]] | Longitude = 111°03′ W to 117°15′ W | width_mi = 305 | width_km = 491 | length_mi = 479 | length_km = 771 | elevation_max_point = بورا چوٽي<ref>{{cite ngs|id=PZ0770|designation=Beauty Reset|access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|access-date=October 21, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|archive-date=October 15, 2011}}</ref>{{efn|name=NAVD88|Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].}} | elevation_max_ft = 12,662 | elevation_max_m = 3,859 | elevation_ft = 5,000 | elevation_m = 1,520 | elevation_min_point = اسنیڪ ندي ۽ ڪلیرواٽر نديءَ جو سنگم؛ ليوسٽن<ref name=USGS/>{{efn|name=NAVD88}} | elevation_min_ft = 713 | elevation_min_m = 217 | iso_code = US-ID | website = idaho.gov | 2010DensityUS = 23.63 | 2010Density = 8.33 | Capital = | Representatives = }} '''آئيڊاهو''' (Idaho؛ {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Idaho.ogg|ˈ|aɪ|d|ə|h|oʊ}} {{Respell|EYE|də|hoh}}) [[آمريڪا جون گڏيل رياستون|آمريڪا جي گڏيل رياستن]] جی ھڪ لينڊ لاڪڊ رياست آھي جيڪا مائونٽين ويسٽ آمريڪا جي مغربي علائقي ۾ آھي. اهو اتر ۾ ڪئناڊا-آمريڪا جي سرحد جو هڪ ننڍڙو حصو آهي، برٽش ڪولمبيا جي صوبي سان. ان جون سرحدون اوڀر ۾ مونٽانا ۽ وومنگ، ڏکڻ ۾ نيواڊا ۽ يوٽا، ۽ اولهه ۾ واشنگٽن ۽ اوريگن سان لڳن ٿيون. رياست جي گاديءَ جو هنڌ ۽ سڀ کان وڏو شهر بوئس آهي. 83,569 چورس ميل (2,16,440 اسڪوائر ڪلوميٽر) جي ايراضيءَ سان، آئيڊاهو زميني ايراضيءَ جي لحاظ کان 14هين وڏي رياست آهي. تقريبن 18 لک جي آبادي سان، اهو 50 آمريڪي رياستن مان 13 هين گهٽ ۾ گهٽ آبادي وارو ۽ 7 هين گهٽ ۾ گهٽ گنجان آبادي جي حيثيت رکي ٿو. هزارين سالن تائين، ۽ يورپي نوآبادياتي کان اڳ، آئيڊاهو مقامي ماڻهن طرفان آباد ڪيو ويو هو. 19 صدي جي شروعات ۾، آئيڊاهو کي اوريگن ملڪ جو حصو سمجهيو ويندو هو، جيڪو آمريڪا ۽ برطانوي سلطنت جي وچ ۾ تڪرار جو علائقو هو. اهو سرڪاري طور تي 1846 جي اوريگون معاهدي تي دستخط ٿيڻ سان يو ايس جو علائقو بڻجي ويو، پر 1863 تائين هڪ الڳ آئيڊاهو علائقو منظم نه ڪيو ويو، ان جي بدران اوگراون ٽيريٽري ۽ واشنگٽن جي علائقي ۾ وقتن لاءِ شامل ڪيو ويو. آئيڊاهو آخرڪار 3 جولاء 1890 تي يونين ۾ داخل ڪيو ويو، 43 هين رياست بڻجي ويو. پئسفڪ شمال مغربي جو حصو بڻجڻ (۽ لاڳاپيل کاسکیڈیا بائیو ریجن)، آئيڊاهو ڪيترن ئي مختلف جاگرافيائي ۽ موسمي علائقن ۾ ورهايل آهي. رياست جو اُتر، نسبتاً اڪيلائيءَ وارو آئيڊاهو پان ھینڈل، مشرقي واشنگٽن سان ويجھو جڙيل آهي، جنهن سان اهو پئسفڪ ٽائم زون شيئر ڪري ٿو. باقي رياست جبل جي وقت واري علائقي کي استعمال ڪري ٿي. رياست جي ڏکڻ ۾ سانپ نديءَ جو ميدان شامل آهي (جنهن ۾ اڪثر آبادي ۽ زرعي زمين آهي)، ۽ ڏکڻ اوڀر ۾ وڏي بيسن جو حصو شامل آهي. آئيڊاهو ڪافي جبل آهي ۽ راڪي جبلن جي ڪيترن ئي حصن تي مشتمل آهي. گڏيل ریاستن جي ٻيلي سروس آئيڊاهو جي زمين جو 38 سيڪڙو آهي، جيڪا ڪنهن به رياست جو سڀ کان وڏو تناسب آھي.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110727120656/http://www.wildlandfire.com/docs/2007/western-states-data-public-land.htm "Western States Data Public Land Acreage"], ''wildlandfire.com''. Archived on July 27, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2020.</ref> رياستي معيشت لاءِ اهم صنعتون جن ۾ پيداوار، زراعت، کان کني، جنگلات، ۽ سياحت شامل آهن. ڪيتريون ئي سائنس ۽ ٽيڪنالاجي ڪمپنيون يا ته هيڊ ڪوارٽر آئيڊاهو ۾ آهن يا اتي ڪارخانا آهن، ۽ رياست پڻ آئيڊاهو نيشنل ليبارٽري تي مشتمل آهي، جيڪا ملڪ جي سڀ کان وڏي ڊپارٽمينٽ آف انرجي سهولت آهي. آئيڊاهو جو زرعي شعبو ڪيترن ئي شين جي فراهمي فراهم ڪري ٿو، پر رياست پنهنجي آلو جي فصل لاءِ مشهور آهي، جيڪا سڄي ملڪ جي پيداوار جو هڪ ٽيون حصو شامل آهي. رياست جو سرڪاري نالو "Gem State" آھي.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf|title=Origins of the Name "Idaho" and How Idaho Became a Territory in 1863|last=Wells|first=Merle W|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406151232/https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf|archive-date=April 6, 2019|access-date=January 16, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ==نالو== ==تاريخ== ==جاگرافي== [[فائل:USA_Names_Idaho.png|thumb|آئيڊاهو]] ==آبادي== ==قانون ۽ حڪومت== ==معيشت== ==توانائي== ==ٽرانسپورٽ== ==تعليم== ==ثقافت== آئيڊاهو رياست جي جون علامتون آئيڊاهو جو جهنڊو آئيڊاهو جي مهر جاندار علامتون امفيبين: Tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) پکي: جبل جو نيرو پکي ريپٽر: پيريگرائن فالڪن مڇي: ڪٽهڙو ٽراوٽ گل: سرنگا گھوڙي جو نسل: Appaloosa حشر: بادشاهه تتل وڻ : مغربي اڇو پائن غيرجاندار علامتون رقص: چورس ناچ کاڌو Fruit: Huckleberry Vegetable: Potato فوسل: Hagerman horse (Equus simplicidens) قيمتي پٿر: Star garnet مٽي: Threebear رياستي روٽ نشان ==رانديون== ==پڻ ڏسو== ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Sister project links|Idaho|voy=Idaho}} * {{Citation | url = http://www.idaho.gov/ | title = State of Idaho government}}. * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/idaho/index.html/ Idaho State Guide, from the Library of Congress] * {{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Idaho}} * {{Citation | url = http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | title = Energy Profile for Idaho | publisher = DoE | place = [[United States of America|US]] | access-date = December 1, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101117133720/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | archive-date = November 17, 2010 | url-status = dead}}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.parksandrecreation.idaho.gov/ | title = Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation}}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho | contribution = Idaho Newspapers | title = US newspapers | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120620062930/http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho/ | archive-date = June 20, 2012}}. * {{Citation | url = http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | title = Idaho State Databases | format = wiki | publisher = Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association | access-date = June 12, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080515221248/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | archive-date = May 15, 2008 | url-status = dead }}—Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Idaho state agencies. * {{Citation | url = http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=16&Statestate=Idaho#.U8Lah_ldUeo | title = Idaho State Facts | publisher = USDA }}{{مئل ڳنڍڻو|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/4logcabins/4logcabins.htm | title = Log Cabins in America: The Finnish Experience | publisher = National Park Service | type = teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan}}. * {{Citation | url = http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | title = The History of Idaho | publisher = State government | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080509090534/http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | archive-date = May 9, 2008}}. * {{Citation | url = http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | place = US | publisher = Census Bureau | title = Quick facts | contribution = States | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120611033538/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | archive-date = June 11, 2012}}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | publisher = USGS | title = Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Idaho | access-date = January 18, 2007 | archive-date = December 9, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161209115436/https://www2.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | url-status = dead }}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.visitidaho.org/ | title = Visit Idaho | type = official state tourism website}}. * {{Citation | url = https://uspopulation2019.com/population-of-idaho-2019.html | title = Idaho population of 2019}}. * {{osmrelation-inline|162116}} {{s-start}} {{s-bef|before=[[Washington (state)|Washington]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of U.S. states by date of statehood]]|years=Admitted on July 3, 1890 (43rd)}} {{s-aft|after=[[Wyoming]]}} {{s-end}} {{Navboxes | title = [[File:Nuvola apps kpdf2.png|25px]] Topics related to Idaho | state = off | list1 = {{Idaho|expanded}} {{United States political divisions}} {{United States topics}} }} {{Authority control}} {{coord|45|-115|dim:500000_region:US-ID_type:adm1st|name=State of Idaho|display=title}} [[زمرو:آئيڊاهو]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا جون مائونٽئن رياستون]] [[زمرو:گڏيل آمريڪي رياستن جون رياستون]] [[Category:1890 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1890]] [[Category:Western United States]] [[Category:Contiguous United States]] ab39t7sydvm8ry4rpwjbkcpavriekik 373183 373181 2026-04-24T15:03:32Z Memon2025 21315 373183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|U.S. state}} {{Infobox U.S. state | name = آئيڊاهو<br>Idaho | official_name = | native_name = | image_flag = Flag of Idaho.svg | flag_link = Flag of Idaho | image_seal = Seal of Idaho.svg | image_map = Idaho in United States.svg | nickname = پوتاتو ریاست، جيم ریاست (سرڪاري) | motto = ''[[Esto perpetua]]'' ([[Latin (language)|Latin]] "ان کي دائم رهڻ ڏيو"<ref>{{cite web |title=Facts & Symbols |url=https://www.idaho.gov/about-idaho/facts-symbols/ |website=The Official Website of the State of Idaho |publisher=Access Idaho |access-date=May 8, 2023}}</ref> | anthem = "هتي اسان آئيڊاهو آهيون" | Former = اوريگون علائقو، واشنگٽن جو علائقو، آئيڊاهو علائقو | population_demonym = Idahoan | گاديء جو ھنڌ = بوائس | OfficialLang = [[English language|English]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Idaho Statutes (73-121)|publisher=State of Idaho|year=2017|url=https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/|access-date=December 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208122627/https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/|archive-date=December 8, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | LargestCity = گاديء جو ھنڌ | LargestCounty = [[Ada County, Idaho|Ada]] | LargestMetro = | گورنر = براڊ لٽل (ريپبلڪن) | نائب گورنر = اسکاٽ بيڊڪي (ريپبلڪن) | Legislature = [[Idaho Legislature|Legislature]] | Upperhouse = [[Idaho Senate|Senate]] | Lowerhouse = [[Idaho House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] | Judiciary = [[Idaho Supreme Court]] | Senators = [[Mike Crapo]] (R) <br />[[Jim Risch]] (R) | Representative = [[Idaho's 1st congressional district|1]]. [[Russ Fulcher]] (R) <br />[[Idaho's 2nd congressional district|2]]. [[Mike Simpson]] (R) | MedianHouseholdIncome = $76918<ref>{{cite web | url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEHOINUSIDA646N | title=Median Household Income in Idaho }}</ref> | IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|31st]] | postal_code = ID | area_rank = 11th | area_total_sq_mi = 83,570<ref>[https://www.census.gov] United States Census Bureau—Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010</ref> | area_total_km2 = 216,444 | area_land_sq_mi = 82,644 | area_land_km2 = 214,046 | area_water_sq_mi = 927 | area_water_km2 = 2,399 | area_water_percent = 1.11 | population_rank = 38th | 2010Pop = 1,964,727 | population_density_rank = 44th | AdmittanceOrder = 43هون | AdmittanceDate = يونين ۾ داخل ٿيو: 3 جولاءِ 1890ع | timezone1 = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain]] | utc_offset1 = −07:00 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | timezone1_location = | timezone2 = | utc_offset2 = | timezone2_DST = | utc_offset2_DST = | timezone2_location = | Latitude = [[42nd parallel north|42° N]] to [[49th parallel north|49° N]] | Longitude = 111°03′ W to 117°15′ W | width_mi = 305 | width_km = 491 | length_mi = 479 | length_km = 771 | elevation_max_point = بورا چوٽي<ref>{{cite ngs|id=PZ0770|designation=Beauty Reset|access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|access-date=October 21, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|archive-date=October 15, 2011}}</ref>{{efn|name=NAVD88|Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].}} | elevation_max_ft = 12,662 | elevation_max_m = 3,859 | elevation_ft = 5,000 | elevation_m = 1,520 | elevation_min_point = اسنیڪ ندي ۽ ڪلیرواٽر نديءَ جو سنگم؛ ليوسٽن<ref name=USGS/>{{efn|name=NAVD88}} | elevation_min_ft = 713 | elevation_min_m = 217 | iso_code = US-ID | website = idaho.gov | 2010DensityUS = 23.63 | 2010Density = 8.33 | Capital = | Representatives = }} '''آئيڊاهو''' (Idaho؛ {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Idaho.ogg|ˈ|aɪ|d|ə|h|oʊ}} {{Respell|EYE|də|hoh}}) [[آمريڪا جون گڏيل رياستون|آمريڪا جي گڏيل رياستن]] جی ھڪ لينڊ لاڪڊ رياست آھي جيڪا مائونٽين ويسٽ آمريڪا جي مغربي علائقي ۾ آھي. اهو اتر ۾ ڪئناڊا-آمريڪا جي سرحد جو هڪ ننڍڙو حصو آهي، برٽش ڪولمبيا جي صوبي سان. ان جون سرحدون اوڀر ۾ مونٽانا ۽ وومنگ، ڏکڻ ۾ نيواڊا ۽ يوٽا، ۽ اولهه ۾ واشنگٽن ۽ اوريگن سان لڳن ٿيون. رياست جي گاديءَ جو هنڌ ۽ سڀ کان وڏو شهر بوئس آهي. 83,569 چورس ميل (2,16,440 اسڪوائر ڪلوميٽر) جي ايراضيءَ سان، آئيڊاهو زميني ايراضيءَ جي لحاظ کان 14هين وڏي رياست آهي. تقريبن 18 لک جي آبادي سان، اهو 50 آمريڪي رياستن مان 13 هين گهٽ ۾ گهٽ آبادي وارو ۽ 7 هين گهٽ ۾ گهٽ گنجان آبادي جي حيثيت رکي ٿو. هزارين سالن تائين، ۽ يورپي نوآبادياتي کان اڳ، آئيڊاهو مقامي ماڻهن طرفان آباد ڪيو ويو هو. 19 صدي جي شروعات ۾، آئيڊاهو کي اوريگن ملڪ جو حصو سمجهيو ويندو هو، جيڪو آمريڪا ۽ برطانوي سلطنت جي وچ ۾ تڪرار جو علائقو هو. اهو سرڪاري طور تي 1846 جي اوريگون معاهدي تي دستخط ٿيڻ سان يو ايس جو علائقو بڻجي ويو، پر 1863 تائين هڪ الڳ آئيڊاهو علائقو منظم نه ڪيو ويو، ان جي بدران اوگراون ٽيريٽري ۽ واشنگٽن جي علائقي ۾ وقتن لاءِ شامل ڪيو ويو. آئيڊاهو آخرڪار 3 جولاء 1890 تي يونين ۾ داخل ڪيو ويو، 43 هين رياست بڻجي ويو. پئسفڪ شمال مغربي جو حصو بڻجڻ (۽ لاڳاپيل کاسکیڈیا بائیو ریجن)، آئيڊاهو ڪيترن ئي مختلف جاگرافيائي ۽ موسمي علائقن ۾ ورهايل آهي. رياست جو اُتر، نسبتاً اڪيلائيءَ وارو آئيڊاهو پان ھینڈل، مشرقي واشنگٽن سان ويجھو جڙيل آهي، جنهن سان اهو پئسفڪ ٽائم زون شيئر ڪري ٿو. باقي رياست جبل جي وقت واري علائقي کي استعمال ڪري ٿي. رياست جي ڏکڻ ۾ سانپ نديءَ جو ميدان شامل آهي (جنهن ۾ اڪثر آبادي ۽ زرعي زمين آهي)، ۽ ڏکڻ اوڀر ۾ وڏي بيسن جو حصو شامل آهي. آئيڊاهو ڪافي جبل آهي ۽ راڪي جبلن جي ڪيترن ئي حصن تي مشتمل آهي. گڏيل ریاستن جي ٻيلي سروس آئيڊاهو جي زمين جو 38 سيڪڙو آهي، جيڪا ڪنهن به رياست جو سڀ کان وڏو تناسب آھي.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110727120656/http://www.wildlandfire.com/docs/2007/western-states-data-public-land.htm "Western States Data Public Land Acreage"], ''wildlandfire.com''. Archived on July 27, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2020.</ref> رياستي معيشت لاءِ اهم صنعتون جن ۾ پيداوار، زراعت، کان کني، جنگلات، ۽ سياحت شامل آهن. ڪيتريون ئي سائنس ۽ ٽيڪنالاجي ڪمپنيون يا ته هيڊ ڪوارٽر آئيڊاهو ۾ آهن يا اتي ڪارخانا آهن، ۽ رياست پڻ آئيڊاهو نيشنل ليبارٽري تي مشتمل آهي، جيڪا ملڪ جي سڀ کان وڏي ڊپارٽمينٽ آف انرجي سهولت آهي. آئيڊاهو جو زرعي شعبو ڪيترن ئي شين جي فراهمي فراهم ڪري ٿو، پر رياست پنهنجي آلو جي فصل لاءِ مشهور آهي، جيڪا سڄي ملڪ جي پيداوار جو هڪ ٽيون حصو شامل آهي. رياست جو سرڪاري نالو "Gem State" آھي.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf|title=Origins of the Name "Idaho" and How Idaho Became a Territory in 1863|last=Wells|first=Merle W|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406151232/https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf|archive-date=April 6, 2019|access-date=January 16, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ==نالو== ==تاريخ== ==جاگرافي== [[فائل:USA_Names_Idaho.png|thumb|آئيڊاهو]] ==آبادي== ==قانون ۽ حڪومت== ==معيشت== ==توانائي== ==ٽرانسپورٽ== ==تعليم== ==ثقافت== آئيڊاهو رياست جي جون علامتون آئيڊاهو جو جهنڊو آئيڊاهو جي مهر جاندار علامتون امفيبين: ٽائيگر سلاميندر پکي: جبل جو نيرو پکي ريپٽر: پيريگرائن فالڪن مڇي: ڪٽهڙو ٽراوٽ گل: سرنگا گھوڙي جو نسل: اپالوسا حشر: بادشاهه تتل وڻ : مغربي اڇو پائن غيرجاندار علامتون رقص: چورس ناچ کاڌو ميوو: هڪل بيري ڀاڄيون: آلو فوسل: هيگرمين گھوڙو قيمتي پٿر: اسٽار گارنٽ مٽي: ٽي بيئر رياستي روٽ نشان ==رانديون== ==پڻ ڏسو== ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Sister project links|Idaho|voy=Idaho}} * {{Citation | url = http://www.idaho.gov/ | title = State of Idaho government}}. * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/idaho/index.html/ Idaho State Guide, from the Library of Congress] * {{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Idaho}} * {{Citation | url = http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | title = Energy Profile for Idaho | publisher = DoE | place = [[United States of America|US]] | access-date = December 1, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101117133720/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | archive-date = November 17, 2010 | url-status = dead}}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.parksandrecreation.idaho.gov/ | title = Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation}}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho | contribution = Idaho Newspapers | title = US newspapers | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120620062930/http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho/ | archive-date = June 20, 2012}}. * {{Citation | url = http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | title = Idaho State Databases | format = wiki | publisher = Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association | access-date = June 12, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080515221248/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | archive-date = May 15, 2008 | url-status = dead }}—Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Idaho state agencies. * {{Citation | url = http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=16&Statestate=Idaho#.U8Lah_ldUeo | title = Idaho State Facts | publisher = USDA }}{{مئل ڳنڍڻو|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/4logcabins/4logcabins.htm | title = Log Cabins in America: The Finnish Experience | publisher = National Park Service | type = teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan}}. * {{Citation | url = http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | title = The History of Idaho | publisher = State government | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080509090534/http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | archive-date = May 9, 2008}}. * {{Citation | url = http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | place = US | publisher = Census Bureau | title = Quick facts | contribution = States | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120611033538/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | archive-date = June 11, 2012}}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | publisher = USGS | title = Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Idaho | access-date = January 18, 2007 | archive-date = December 9, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161209115436/https://www2.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | url-status = dead }}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.visitidaho.org/ | title = Visit Idaho | type = official state tourism website}}. * {{Citation | url = https://uspopulation2019.com/population-of-idaho-2019.html | title = Idaho population of 2019}}. * {{osmrelation-inline|162116}} {{s-start}} {{s-bef|before=[[Washington (state)|Washington]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of U.S. states by date of statehood]]|years=Admitted on July 3, 1890 (43rd)}} {{s-aft|after=[[Wyoming]]}} {{s-end}} {{Navboxes | title = [[File:Nuvola apps kpdf2.png|25px]] Topics related to Idaho | state = off | list1 = {{Idaho|expanded}} {{United States political divisions}} {{United States topics}} }} {{Authority control}} {{coord|45|-115|dim:500000_region:US-ID_type:adm1st|name=State of Idaho|display=title}} [[زمرو:آئيڊاهو]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا جون مائونٽئن رياستون]] [[زمرو:گڏيل آمريڪي رياستن جون رياستون]] [[Category:1890 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1890]] [[Category:Western United States]] [[Category:Contiguous United States]] bshjhs7ebqwtpieqolggy3cn124n30x 373185 373183 2026-04-24T15:26:42Z Memon2025 21315 373185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|U.S. state}} {{Infobox U.S. state | name = آئيڊاهو<br>Idaho | official_name = | native_name = | image_flag = Flag of Idaho.svg | flag_link = Flag of Idaho | image_seal = Seal of Idaho.svg | image_map = Idaho in United States.svg | nickname = پوتاتو ریاست، جيم ریاست (سرڪاري) | motto = ''[[Esto perpetua]]'' ([[Latin (language)|Latin]] "ان کي دائم رهڻ ڏيو"<ref>{{cite web |title=Facts & Symbols |url=https://www.idaho.gov/about-idaho/facts-symbols/ |website=The Official Website of the State of Idaho |publisher=Access Idaho |access-date=May 8, 2023}}</ref> | anthem = "هتي اسان آئيڊاهو آهيون" | Former = اوريگون علائقو، واشنگٽن جو علائقو، آئيڊاهو علائقو | population_demonym = Idahoan | گاديء جو ھنڌ = بوائس | OfficialLang = [[English language|English]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Idaho Statutes (73-121)|publisher=State of Idaho|year=2017|url=https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/|access-date=December 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208122627/https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title73/t73ch1/sect73-121/|archive-date=December 8, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | LargestCity = گاديء جو ھنڌ | LargestCounty = [[Ada County, Idaho|Ada]] | LargestMetro = | گورنر = براڊ لٽل (ريپبلڪن) | نائب گورنر = اسکاٽ بيڊڪي (ريپبلڪن) | Legislature = [[Idaho Legislature|Legislature]] | Upperhouse = [[Idaho Senate|Senate]] | Lowerhouse = [[Idaho House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] | Judiciary = [[Idaho Supreme Court]] | Senators = [[Mike Crapo]] (R) <br />[[Jim Risch]] (R) | Representative = [[Idaho's 1st congressional district|1]]. [[Russ Fulcher]] (R) <br />[[Idaho's 2nd congressional district|2]]. [[Mike Simpson]] (R) | MedianHouseholdIncome = $76918<ref>{{cite web | url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEHOINUSIDA646N | title=Median Household Income in Idaho }}</ref> | IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|31st]] | postal_code = ID | area_rank = 11th | area_total_sq_mi = 83,570<ref>[https://www.census.gov] United States Census Bureau—Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010</ref> | area_total_km2 = 216,444 | area_land_sq_mi = 82,644 | area_land_km2 = 214,046 | area_water_sq_mi = 927 | area_water_km2 = 2,399 | area_water_percent = 1.11 | population_rank = 38th | 2010Pop = 1,964,727 | population_density_rank = 44th | AdmittanceOrder = 43هون | AdmittanceDate = يونين ۾ داخل ٿيو: 3 جولاءِ 1890ع | timezone1 = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain]] | utc_offset1 = −07:00 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | timezone1_location = | timezone2 = | utc_offset2 = | timezone2_DST = | utc_offset2_DST = | timezone2_location = | Latitude = [[42nd parallel north|42° N]] to [[49th parallel north|49° N]] | Longitude = 111°03′ W to 117°15′ W | width_mi = 305 | width_km = 491 | length_mi = 479 | length_km = 771 | elevation_max_point = بورا چوٽي<ref>{{cite ngs|id=PZ0770|designation=Beauty Reset|access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|access-date=October 21, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|archive-date=October 15, 2011}}</ref>{{efn|name=NAVD88|Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].}} | elevation_max_ft = 12,662 | elevation_max_m = 3,859 | elevation_ft = 5,000 | elevation_m = 1,520 | elevation_min_point = اسنیڪ ندي ۽ ڪلیرواٽر نديءَ جو سنگم؛ ليوسٽن<ref name=USGS/>{{efn|name=NAVD88}} | elevation_min_ft = 713 | elevation_min_m = 217 | iso_code = US-ID | website = idaho.gov | 2010DensityUS = 23.63 | 2010Density = 8.33 | Capital = | Representatives = }} '''آئيڊئهو''' (Idaho؛ {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Idaho.ogg|ˈ|aɪ|d|ə|h|oʊ}} {{Respell|EYE|də|hoh}}) [[آمريڪا جون گڏيل رياستون|آمريڪا جي گڏيل رياستن]] جی ھڪ لينڊ لاڪڊ رياست آھي جيڪا مائونٽين ويسٽ آمريڪا جي اولهائين علائقي ۾ آھي. اهو اتر ۾ [[برٽش ڪولمبيا]] جي صوبي سان ڪئناڊا-آمريڪا جي حد جو هڪ ننڍڙو حصو آهي. ان جون حدون اوڀر ۾ [[مونٽانا]] ۽ [[وايومنگ]]، ڏکڻ ۾ [[نيواڊا]] ۽ [[يوٽاہ]] ۽ اولهه ۾ [[واشنگٽن رياست|واشنگٽن]] ۽ [[اوريگون|اوريگن]] سان لڳن ٿيون. رياست جي گاديءَ جو هنڌ ۽ سڀ کان وڏو شهر [[بوئيسي|بوئسي]] آهي. 83,569 چورس ميل (2,16,440 اسڪوائر ڪلوميٽر) جي ايراضيءَ سان، آئيڊاهو زميني ايراضيءَ جي لحاظ کان 14هين وڏي رياست آهي. تقريبن 18 لک جي آبادي سان، اهو 50 آمريڪي رياستن مان 13 هين گهٽ ۾ گهٽ آبادي وارو ۽ 7 هين گهٽ ۾ گهٽ گنجان آبادي جي حيثيت رکي ٿو. هزارين سالن تائين، ۽ يورپي نوآبادياتي کان اڳ، آئيڊاهو مقامي ماڻهن طرفان آباد ڪيو ويو هو. 19هين صدي جي شروعات ۾، آئيڊاهو کي اوريگن رياست جو حصو سمجهيو ويندو هو، جيڪو آمريڪا ۽ برطانوي سلطنت جي وچ ۾ تڪرار جو علائقو هو. اهو سرڪاري طور تي 1846ع جي اوريگون معاهدي تي دستخط ٿيڻ سان يو ايس جو علائقو بڻجي ويو، پر 1863ع تائين هڪ الڳ آئيڊاهو علائقو منظم نه ڪيو ويو، ان جي بدران اوگراون ٽيريٽري ۽ واشنگٽن جي علائقي ۾ وقتن لاءِ شامل ڪيو ويو. آئيڊاهو آخرڪار 3 جولاء 1890ع تي يونين ۾ داخل ڪيو ويو، 43 هين رياست بڻجي ويو. پئسفڪ شمال مغربي جو حصو بڻجڻ (۽ لاڳاپيل ڪاسڪیڊیا بائیو ریجن)، آئيڊاهو ڪيترن ئي مختلف جاگرافيائي ۽ موسمي علائقن ۾ ورهايل آهي. رياست جو اُتر، نسبتاً اڪيلائيءَ وارو آئيڊاهو پان ھینڊل، مشرقي واشنگٽن سان ويجھو جڙيل آهي، جنهن سان اهو پئسفڪ ٽائم زون شيئر ڪري ٿو. باقي رياست جبل جي وقت واري علائقي کي استعمال ڪري ٿي. رياست جي ڏکڻ ۾ سانپ نديءَ جو ميدان شامل آهي (جنهن ۾ اڪثر آبادي ۽ زرعي زمين آهي)، ۽ ڏکڻ اوڀر ۾ وڏي بيسن جو حصو شامل آهي. آئيڊاهو ڪافي جبل آهي ۽ راڪي جبلن جي ڪيترن ئي حصن تي مشتمل آهي. گڏيل ریاستن جي ٻيلي سروس آئيڊاهو جي زمين جو 38 سيڪڙو آهي، جيڪا ڪنهن به رياست جو سڀ کان وڏو تناسب آھي.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110727120656/http://www.wildlandfire.com/docs/2007/western-states-data-public-land.htm "Western States Data Public Land Acreage"], ''wildlandfire.com''. Archived on July 27, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2020.</ref> رياستي معيشت لاءِ اهم صنعتون جن ۾ پيداوار، [[زراعت]]، [[کاڻ کوٽائي|کان کني]]، جنگلات ۽ [[سياحت]] شامل آهن. ڪيتريون ئي سائنس ۽ ٽيڪنالاجي ڪمپنيون يا ته هيڊ ڪوارٽر آئيڊاهو ۾ آهن يا اتي ڪارخانا آهن، ۽ رياست پڻ آئيڊاهو نيشنل ليبارٽري تي مشتمل آهي، جيڪا ملڪ جي سڀ کان وڏي ڊپارٽمينٽ آف انرجي سهولت آهي. آئيڊاهو جو زرعي شعبو ڪيترن ئي شين جي فراهمي فراهم ڪري ٿو، پر رياست پنهنجي آلو جي فصل لاءِ مشهور آهي، جيڪا سڄي ملڪ جي پيداوار جو هڪ ٽيون حصو شامل آهي. رياست جو سرڪاري نالو "جيم اسٽيٽ" (Gem State) آھي.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf|title=Origins of the Name "Idaho" and How Idaho Became a Territory in 1863|last=Wells|first=Merle W|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406151232/https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/geog/explore/essay.pdf|archive-date=April 6, 2019|access-date=January 16, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ==نالو== ==تاريخ== ==جاگرافي== [[فائل:USA_Names_Idaho.png|thumb|آئيڊاهو]] ==آبادي== ==قانون ۽ حڪومت== ==معيشت== ==توانائي== ==ٽرانسپورٽ== ==تعليم== ==ثقافت== آئيڊاهو رياست جي جون علامتون آئيڊاهو جو جهنڊو آئيڊاهو جي مهر جاندار علامتون امفيبين: ٽائيگر سلاميندر پکي: جبل جو نيرو پکي ريپٽر: پيريگرائن فالڪن مڇي: ڪٽهڙو ٽراوٽ گل: سرنگا گھوڙي جو نسل: اپالوسا حشر: بادشاهه تتل وڻ : مغربي اڇو پائن غيرجاندار علامتون رقص: چورس ناچ کاڌو ميوو: هڪل بيري ڀاڄيون: آلو فوسل: هيگرمين گھوڙو قيمتي پٿر: اسٽار گارنٽ مٽي: ٽي بيئر رياستي روٽ نشان ==رانديون== ==پڻ ڏسو== ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Sister project links|Idaho|voy=Idaho}} * {{Citation | url = http://www.idaho.gov/ | title = State of Idaho government}}. * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/idaho/index.html/ Idaho State Guide, from the Library of Congress] * {{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Idaho}} * {{Citation | url = http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | title = Energy Profile for Idaho | publisher = DoE | place = [[United States of America|US]] | access-date = December 1, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101117133720/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=ID | archive-date = November 17, 2010 | url-status = dead}}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.parksandrecreation.idaho.gov/ | title = Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation}}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho | contribution = Idaho Newspapers | title = US newspapers | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120620062930/http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho/ | archive-date = June 20, 2012}}. * {{Citation | url = http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | title = Idaho State Databases | format = wiki | publisher = Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association | access-date = June 12, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080515221248/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Idaho | archive-date = May 15, 2008 | url-status = dead }}—Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Idaho state agencies. * {{Citation | url = http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=16&Statestate=Idaho#.U8Lah_ldUeo | title = Idaho State Facts | publisher = USDA }}{{مئل ڳنڍڻو|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/4logcabins/4logcabins.htm | title = Log Cabins in America: The Finnish Experience | publisher = National Park Service | type = teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan}}. * {{Citation | url = http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | title = The History of Idaho | publisher = State government | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080509090534/http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/history/history_index.html | archive-date = May 9, 2008}}. * {{Citation | url = http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | place = US | publisher = Census Bureau | title = Quick facts | contribution = States | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120611033538/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html | archive-date = June 11, 2012}}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | publisher = USGS | title = Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Idaho | access-date = January 18, 2007 | archive-date = December 9, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161209115436/https://www2.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ID | url-status = dead }}. * {{Citation | url = http://www.visitidaho.org/ | title = Visit Idaho | type = official state tourism website}}. * {{Citation | url = https://uspopulation2019.com/population-of-idaho-2019.html | title = Idaho population of 2019}}. * {{osmrelation-inline|162116}} {{s-start}} {{s-bef|before=[[Washington (state)|Washington]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of U.S. states by date of statehood]]|years=Admitted on July 3, 1890 (43rd)}} {{s-aft|after=[[Wyoming]]}} {{s-end}} {{Navboxes | title = [[File:Nuvola apps kpdf2.png|25px]] Topics related to Idaho | state = off | list1 = {{Idaho|expanded}} {{United States political divisions}} {{United States topics}} }} {{Authority control}} {{coord|45|-115|dim:500000_region:US-ID_type:adm1st|name=State of Idaho|display=title}} [[زمرو:آئيڊاهو]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا]] [[زمرو:اولهائين آمريڪا جون مائونٽئن رياستون]] [[زمرو:گڏيل آمريڪي رياستن جون رياستون]] [[Category:1890 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1890]] [[Category:Western United States]] [[Category:Contiguous United States]] nuty0c7c380if6jxt1di77dff0tgave 14 78138 373236 313285 2026-04-24T18:10:08Z Memon2025 21315 373236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{اصل مضمون}} [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:صنعت]] [[زمرو:معاشيات]] tleodupwlc03mre6tr01ev1y279erj5 373237 373236 2026-04-24T18:10:43Z Memon2025 21315 373237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{اصل مضمون}} [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:صنعتون]] [[زمرو:معاشيات]] qzzhkanvzn7skfhwcjbwm2arl3q5wfh 0 79779 373219 290844 2026-04-24T17:09:58Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:1973ع جون پيدائشون]] جو اضافو 373219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{صندوق معلومات شخص}} '''اينڊي هيڪس''' هو 1973 ۾ ڄائو هو ۽ هڪ رٽائرڊ انگريزي پروفيشنل سنوڪر پليئر آهي. ٻنهي ورلڊ سنوڪر چيمپئن شپ ۽ 1995 يو جي چيمپئن شپ ۾ سيمي فائنلسٽن ۾.<ref>{{حوالو_ويب|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206001940/http://www.worldsnooker.com/player_list-7619.htm|title=World Snooker|date=2008-12-06|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2024-09-26}}</ref> [[زمرو:جيوت ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:1973ع جون پيدائشون]] gbt2vh623wqu4z9rgavrrgje63i4os6 14 83683 373246 324173 2026-04-24T18:48:55Z Memon2025 21315 373246 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ماڻهو بلحاظ پيشو]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار سان لاڳاپيل ماڻهو]] i25466z9xayprsuo7lxudzsp6b09jlk 14 84201 373247 327961 2026-04-24T18:49:42Z Memon2025 21315 373247 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:تجارت]] [[زمرو:تنظيمون بلحاظ موضوع]] 584dsgomwgyqw6kbs47g4zjt8gk4rkx 14 85504 373245 348412 2026-04-24T18:47:48Z Memon2025 21315 373245 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:ماڻهو بلحاظ پيشو]] 5n985pw5upawgzuymzs8uwewjbp22go 0 86744 373214 340832 2026-04-24T17:04:07Z Memon2025 21315 /* حوالا */ 373214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|City in Washington, United States}} {{about|the city}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Seattle | native_name = dᶻidᶻəlal̕ič | native_name_lang = lut | settlement_type = [[City government in Washington (state)|City]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image |border = infobox |total_width = 290 |perrow = 1/2/2 |caption_align = center |image1 = Seattle Downtown Aerial, July 2025 (zoomed).jpg |alt1 = Downtown Seattle skyline |caption1 = [[Downtown Seattle]] skyline with [[Mount Rainier]] in the background |image2 = Seattle Center as night falls.jpg |alt2 = Space Needle with the Olympic Mountains in the background |caption2 = [[Space Needle]] and [[Climate Pledge Arena]], with the [[Olympic Mountains]] in the background |image3 = Seattle Great Wheel, Seattle, Washington, Estados Unidos, 2017-09-02, DD 16.jpg |alt3 = Seattle Great Wheel |caption3 = [[Seattle Great Wheel]] |image4 = Pike Place Market 2019-1078.jpg |alt4 = The sign of Pike Place Market, a popular public market and tourist destination |caption4 = [[Pike Place Market]] |image5 = Amazon Spheres from 6th Avenue, April 2020.jpg |alt5 = Amazon Spheres |caption5 = [[Amazon Spheres]] }} | image_flag = Flag of Seattle.svg | flag_size = 105px | image_seal = Seal of Seattle, Washington.png | seal_size = 85px | image_blank_emblem = City of Seattle (logo).svg | blank_emblem_type = Wordmark | blank_emblem_size = 155px | blank_emblem_alt = | blank_emblem_link = List of U.S. county and city insignia | named_for = [[Chief Seattle]] | nicknames = The Emerald City, Jet City, Rain City | mottoes = The City of Flowers, The City of Goodwill | image_map = {{maplink |frame = yes |plain = yes |frame-align = center |frame-width = 280 |frame-height = 280 |frame-coord = SWITCH:{{coord|qid=Q5083}}###{{coord|qid=Q108861}}###{{coord|qid=Q1223}}###{{coord|39|49|41|N|101|0|0|W}} |zoom = SWITCH:9;8;5;3 |type = SWITCH:shape;shape;point;point |marker = city |stroke-width = 2 |stroke-color = #AA4A44 |fill = #AA4A44 | fill-opacity = 0.2 |id2 = SWITCH:Q5083;Q108861;Q1223;Q30 |type2 = shape-inverse |stroke-width2 = 2 |stroke-color2 = #5F5F5F |stroke-opacity2 = SWITCH:0;1;1;1 |fill2 = #000000 |fill-opacity2 = SWITCH:0;0.5;0.5;0.5 |switch = Seattle;King County;Washington;the United States }} | pushpin_map = Washington#USA | pushpin_relief = yes | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[United States]] | subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Washington (state)|Washington]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Washington|County]] | subdivision_name2 = [[King County, Washington|King]] | established_title1 = Founded | established_date1 = {{start date |1851|11|13}}{{efn|November 13, 1851, is often referred to as the unofficial date of Seattle's founding, when much of the [[Denny Party]] arrived at [[Alki Point]]. However, the first White settlers to inhabit the area had already arrived in September, which included some scouts of the Denny clan. The modern city did not take shape until the following spring after much of the party abandoned Alki to move across [[Elliott Bay|the bay]]. The name "Seattle" didn't become official until May 23, 1853.}} | established_title2 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated (town status)]] | established_date2 = {{start date|1865|01|14}} | established_title3 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated (city status)]] | established_date3 = {{start date|1869|12|02}} | government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]] | governing_body = [[Seattle City Council]] | leader_title = [[Mayor of Seattle|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Bruce Harrell]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer">{{cite web |title=2022 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Washington |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2022_Gazetteer/2022_gaz_place_53.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 15, 2024 |archive-date=September 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907221212/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2022_Gazetteer/2022_gaz_place_53.txt |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_sq_mi = 142.07 | area_total_km2 = 367.97 | area_land_sq_mi = 83.99 | area_land_km2 = 217.54 | area_water_sq_mi = 58.08 | area_water_km2 = 150.43 | area_metro_sq_mi = 8,186 | area_metro_km2 = 21,202 | population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]] | population_total = 737015 | population_footnotes = <ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Seattle city, Washington |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/seattlecitywashington/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 15, 2025 |archive-date=June 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609093625/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/seattlecitywashington/POP010220 |url-status=live }}</ref> | pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="QuickFacts"/> | pop_est_as_of = 2024 | population_est = 780995 | population_rank = {{nowrap|[[List of North American cities by population|54th]] in North America<br />[[List of United States cities by population|18th]] in the United States<br />[[List of municipalities in Washington|1st]] in Washington}} | population_density_sq_mi = 9298.67 | population_density_km2 = 3591.59 | population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="2020Pop">{{cite web |title=2020 Population and Housing State Data |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824081449/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_metro = 4018762 (US: [[List of metropolitan statistical areas|15th]]) | population_urban = 3544011 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|13th]]) | population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="urban area">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html |title=List of 2020 Census Urban Areas |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 8, 2023 |archive-date=January 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114022812/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_density_urban_km2 = 1,392.7 | population_density_urban_sq_mi = 3,607.1 | population_demonym = Seattleite<ref name="The Seattle Times">{{cite news |last1=Balk |first1=Gene |title=When can you call yourself a Seattleite? |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2012/10/02/when-can-you-call-yourself-a-seattleite/ |website=The Seattle Times |access-date=October 19, 2018 |date=October 2, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116233637/http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2012/10/02/when-can-you-call-yourself-a-seattleite/ |archive-date=January 16, 2013 }}</ref> or Seattlite<ref name="City of Seattle">{{cite web |last1=Wilson-Codega |first1=Lily |title=About Seattle: Sister Cities |url=http://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/about-seattle-sister-cities |website=City of Seattle |access-date=October 19, 2018 |archive-date=October 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019164018/http://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/about-seattle-sister-cities |url-status=live }}</ref> | demographics_type2 = GDP | demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="FRED-GDP">{{cite web |date=December 4, 2024 |title=Total Gross Domestic Product for Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA (MSA) |url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP42660 |work=[[Federal Reserve Economic Data]] |publisher=[[Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis]] |access-date=June 22, 2025 |archive-date=June 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622055404/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP42660 |url-status=live }}</ref> | demographics2_title1 = Metro | demographics2_info1 = $566.742 billion (2023) | timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]] | utc_offset = −8 | timezone_DST = [[Pacific Time Zone|PDT]] | utc_offset_DST = −7 | elevation_ft = 148 | elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/> | coordinates = {{coord|47|36|14|N|122|19|48|W|region:US-WA|display=inline,title}} | postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s | postal_code = {{collapsible list |title = {{nobold|ZIP Codes}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=1&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030118/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction%21input.action?resultMode=1&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |archive-date=November 12, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?items=30&page=2&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030348/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction%21input.action?items=30&page=2&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |archive-date=November 12, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> |list_style = text-align:center;display:none |98101–98119, 98121–98122, 98124–98127, 98129, 98131, 98133–98134, 98136, 98138–98139, 98141, 98144–98146, 98148, 98154–98155, 98158, 98160–98161, 98164–98166, 98168, 98170, 98174–98175, 98177–98178, 98181, 98185, 98188, 98190–98191, 98194–98195, 98198–98199}} | area_code = [[Area code 206|206]], [[Area code 564|564]] | area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]] | blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]] | blank_info = 53-63000 | blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID | blank1_info = 2411856<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2411856 }}</ref> | module = {{infobox network service provider|child=yes|asn=3401}} | website = {{Official URL}} }} '''سياٽل''' (Seatle) آمريڪي رياست [[واشنگٽن رياست|واشنگٽن]] ۽ [[اتر آمريڪا]] جي پئسفڪ اتر اولهه علائقي ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ آبادي وارو شهر آهي. اهو سال 2024ع ۾ 7,80,995 جي آبادي سان آمريڪا جو 18هون سڀ کان وڌيڪ آبادي وارو شهر آهي. جڏهن ته سياٽل ميٽروپوليٽن علائقو 4.15 ملين کان وڌيڪ آبادي سان. ملڪ جو 15هون سڀ کان وڌيڪ آبادي وارو ميٽروپوليٽن علائقو آهي. هي شهر ڪنگ ڪائونٽي، واشنگٽن رياست ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ آبادي واري ڪائونٽي، جي ڪائونٽي سيٽ آهي. سال 2010ع ۽ 2020ع جي وچ ۾ سياٽل جي %21 جي واڌ جي شرح ان کي ملڪ جي تيز ترين وڌندڙ وڏن شهرن مان هڪ بڻائي ڇڏيو. '''Seattle''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=GT Seattle AE.ogg|s|i|ˈ|æ|t|əl}} {{respell|see|AT|əl}}) is the [[List of municipalities in Washington|most populous city]] in the U.S. state of [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and the [[Pacific Northwest]] region of [[North America]]. It is the [[List of United States cities by population|18th-most populous city]] in the United States with a population of 780,995 in 2024,<ref name="QuickFacts"/> while the [[Seattle metropolitan area]] at over 4.15 million residents is the [[List of metropolitan statistical areas|15th-most populous metropolitan area]] in the nation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-just-one-of-5-big-metros-last-year-that-had-more-people-move-here-than-leave-census-data-show/ |title=Seattle just one of 5 big metros last year that had more people move here than leave, census data show |last=Balk |first=Gene |date=March 26, 2018 |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=May 7, 2018 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515232543/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-just-one-of-5-big-metros-last-year-that-had-more-people-move-here-than-leave-census-data-show/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The city is the [[county seat]] of [[King County, Washington|King County]], the [[List of counties in Washington|most populous county]] in Washington. Seattle's growth rate of 21.1% between 2010 and 2020 made it one of the country's fastest-growing large cities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gutman |first1=David |last2=Shapiro |first2=Nina |title=Seattle grew by more than 100,000 people in past 10 years, King County population booms, diversifies, new census data shows |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-grew-by-more-than-100000-people-in-past-10-years-kent-among-fastest-growing-cities-new-census-data-shows/ |access-date=August 20, 2021 |work=The Seattle Times |date=August 12, 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=May 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526194428/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-grew-by-more-than-100000-people-in-past-10-years-kent-among-fastest-growing-cities-new-census-data-shows/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Seattle is situated on an [[isthmus]] between [[Puget Sound]], an inlet of the [[Pacific Ocean]], and [[Lake Washington]]. It is the northernmost major city in the United States, located about {{convert|100|mi}} south of the [[Canada–United States border|Canadian border]]. A gateway for trade with [[East Asia]], the [[Port of Seattle]] is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling {{As of|2021|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Seaport Statistics |url=https://www.nwseaportalliance.com/about-us/cargo-statistics |publisher=Port of Seattle |access-date=June 1, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122062811/https://www.nwseaportalliance.com/about-us/cargo-statistics |url-status=live }}</ref> The Seattle area has been inhabited by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] (such as the [[Duwamish people|Duwamish]], who had at least 17 villages around Elliot Bay) for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers.<ref name=Discovery_Park>{{cite news |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/article/Feel-the-beat-of-history-in-the-park-and-concert-1251579.php |title=Feel the beat of history in the park and concert hall at two family-friendly events |work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer |date=October 4, 2007 |author=Doree Armstrong |access-date=November 1, 2007 |archive-date=January 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125114516/http://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/article/Feel-the-beat-of-history-in-the-park-and-concert-1251579.php |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Arthur A. Denny]] and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the [[Denny Party]], arrived from [[Illinois]] via [[Portland, Oregon]], on the [[Schooner Exact|schooner ''Exact'']] at [[Alki Point, Seattle|Alki Point]] on November 13, 1851.<ref name="SonsOfTheProfits">{{cite book |last=Speidel |first=William C. |author-link=Bill Speidel |date=1967 |title=Sons of the Profits or There's No Business Like Grow Business The Seattle Story 1851–1901 |publisher=Nettle Creek |isbn=9780914890065 |pages=12–13 |quote=At the time, the Schooner "Exact" was outfitting in Portland for a voyage to Queen Charlotte Island with gold prospectors, and for a reasonable price the captain was willing to touch at Puget Sound en route. She started from Portland on November 5, 1851 and headed out over the Columbia River Bar after touching at Astoria two days later. }}</ref> The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of [[Elliott Bay]] in 1852 and named "Seattle" in honor of [[Chief Seattle]], a prominent 19th-century leader of the local [[Duwamish people|Duwamish]] and [[Suquamish people|Suquamish]] tribes. Seattle currently has relatively high populations of Native Americans as well as Americans with strong Asian, African, European, and Scandinavian ancestry, and, as of 2015, hosts the fifth-highest percentage of residents who identify as [[LGBT culture in Seattle|LGBT]] among major metropolitan areas in the U.S. (4.8 percent).<ref name=Fifth2015>{{cite web |author=Gene Balk |date=March 20, 2015 |title=Survey ranks Seattle area 5th for LGBT population – so how many people is that? |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/data-show-seattle-metros-lgbt-population-at-173000/ |url-access=subscription |publisher=The Seattle Times |access-date=January 4, 2019 |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126002327/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/data-show-seattle-metros-lgbt-population-at-173000/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Logging]] was Seattle's first major industry, but by the late 19th century the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to [[Alaska]] during the [[Klondike Gold Rush]]. The city grew after [[World War II]], partly due to the local company [[Boeing]], which established Seattle as a center for its manufacturing of aircraft. Beginning in the 1980s, the Seattle area developed into a [[list of technology centers|technology center]]; [[Microsoft]] established its headquarters in the region. [[Alaska Airlines]] is based at [[Seattle–Tacoma International Airport]] in [[SeaTac, Washington]]. The stream of new software, [[biotechnology]], and Internet companies led to an economic revival, which increased the city's population by almost 50,000 in the decade between 1990 and 2000. The culture of Seattle is heavily defined by its [[Music of Seattle|significant musical history]]. Between 1918 and 1951, nearly 24 [[jazz]] nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current [[Chinatown/International District, Seattle|Chinatown/International District]] to the [[Central District, Seattle|Central District]]. The jazz scene nurtured the early careers of [[Ernestine Anderson]], [[Ray Charles]], [[Quincy Jones]], and others. In the late 20th and early 21st century, the city also was the origin of several [[Rock music|rock]] artists, including [[Foo Fighters]], [[Heart (band)|Heart]], and [[Jimi Hendrix]], and the subgenre of [[grunge]] and its pioneering bands, including [[Alice in Chains]], [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], [[Pearl Jam]], [[Soundgarden]], and others.<ref name="Seattle_Sound">{{cite book |last=Heylin |first=Clinton |title=Babylon's Burning: From Punk to Grunge |publisher=Conongate |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84195-879-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/babylonsburningf0000heyl/page/606 606] |url=https://archive.org/details/babylonsburningf0000heyl/page/606 }}</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:سياٽل]] [[زمرو:شهر]] [[زمرو:واشنگٽن رياست]] [[زمرو:واشنگٽن رياست جا شهر]] [[زمرو:گڏيل آمريڪي رياستن جا شھر]] 4oz5fueru8ibgv8x7ki756yrjszwrf9 14 87777 373257 345249 2026-04-24T19:11:27Z Memon2025 21315 373257 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:واپار]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري پيشا]] qv821jrn09dddy4adql94zonjdd2dt8 14 87803 373352 345356 2026-04-25T10:55:24Z Ibne maryam 17680 373352 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:قطر جا ادارا]] [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون بلحاظ ملڪ]] 70bdmzksls6k941zzjurympc9e5uy03 14 87816 373243 345491 2026-04-24T18:19:51Z Memon2025 21315 373243 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] h6lzu27r2f6udmupkzjyol8wv4oouyj 14 87867 373270 345723 2026-04-24T19:20:17Z Memon2025 21315 373270 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:پيشا]] [[زمرو:مڇيون]] [[زمرو:مڇيون ۽ انسان]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] k3ofhxt4f5uf5jn57nmpypi62wl7xd1 373288 373270 2026-04-24T19:41:30Z Memon2025 21315 373288 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:مڇيون]] [[زمرو:مڇيون ۽ انسان]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] dp9n38043o8hhyammzsbelujt1aaymb 14 88154 373275 347415 2026-04-24T19:26:22Z Memon2025 21315 373275 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:تعليم]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] kxsf0geg4jmzxsloadyuabwns0py0qn 14 88314 373266 348270 2026-04-24T19:16:04Z Memon2025 21315 373266 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:پيشا]] [[زمرو:ڪيميائي عمل]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] 88ubax0xo9v97gw595pln99bwzv6pgj 373267 373266 2026-04-24T19:17:15Z Memon2025 21315 373267 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڌاتو]] [[زمرو:پيشا]] [[زمرو:ڪيميائي عمل]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] ohixawyktjo8trl8qaqv16ysmbi47lp 373283 373267 2026-04-24T19:34:44Z Memon2025 21315 373283 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڌاتو]] [[زمرو:ڪيميائي عمل]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] 60qh7j92uxzq7vyf4jj71ehgr9djngd 14 88472 373284 348963 2026-04-24T19:36:14Z Memon2025 21315 373284 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڌاتو]] [[زمرو:ڌاتو سازي]] 3cdz5c1u2bdgr1issrxrap5p07bfavi 373285 373284 2026-04-24T19:38:05Z Memon2025 21315 373285 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڌاتو]] [[زمرو:مصرع]] [[زمرو:ڌاتو سازي]] 5h4zvjzjc136ewbj59nbtrbsqnhajt7 14 88514 373263 349148 2026-04-24T19:13:57Z Memon2025 21315 373263 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:پيشا]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] llgbbpi9g6cb87e3j5gcltarb7b82t1 373278 373263 2026-04-24T19:29:20Z Memon2025 21315 373278 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] d6n24my5ld1v3qm3hpp6lhjakim9xqh 373281 373278 2026-04-24T19:30:45Z Memon2025 21315 373281 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:معدنيات]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] mlkff77sntgnril0cfn7u68sat4u9s2 14 88705 373273 349957 2026-04-24T19:25:07Z Memon2025 21315 373273 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:پيشا]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:مڇين جو شڪار]] [[زمرو:مڇيون]] [[زمرو:مڇيون ۽ انسان]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] hu34b6hgecc03540emrrzxf337v54js 373290 373273 2026-04-24T19:43:20Z Memon2025 21315 373290 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:مڇين جو شڪار]] [[زمرو:مڇيون]] [[زمرو:مڇيون ۽ انسان]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] oqg8u3ckuh1nbl3ddycwrj6wue5svdw 14 91303 373269 359203 2026-04-24T19:18:48Z Memon2025 21315 373269 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:پيشا]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] llgbbpi9g6cb87e3j5gcltarb7b82t1 373287 373269 2026-04-24T19:40:41Z Memon2025 21315 373287 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] d6n24my5ld1v3qm3hpp6lhjakim9xqh 0 93416 373272 365986 2026-04-24T19:22:30Z Memon2025 21315 /* حوالا */ 373272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|مڇي پڪڙڻ جي سرگرمي}} {{Multiple image |align=left |width=300 |direction=vertical | caption_align = center | image1 = Stilts fishermen Sri Lanka 02.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = سريلنڪا ۾ اسٽلٽس (ڪاٺين) تي ويهي مڇي ماريندڙ | image2 = Pátzcuaro-Trad-Fishing-3.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = ميڪسيڪو ۾ ڄار سان مڇي مارڻ جو منظر }} '''مڇي ماري''' يا '''ماهيگيري''' (Fishing) مڇي پڪڙڻ جي هڪ سرگرمي آهي. مڇيون اڪثر ڪري [[قدرتي ماحول]] ([[تازي پاڻي جو ماحول]] يا [[سامونڊي ماحول]]) مان پڪڙيون وينديون آهن، پر اهي هٿرادو ذخيرو ڪيل پاڻي جي هنڌن جهڙوڪ [[تلاءُ]]، [[واهه]]، پارڪن جي [[پاڻي وارو علائقو|سيلي علائقن]] ۽ [[ڊيم|ذخيرن]] مان به پڪڙي سگهجن ٿيون. [[مڇي مارڻ جا طريقا|مڇي مارڻ جي طريقن]] ۾ [[ٽرالنگ]] (trawling)، [[لانگ لائننگ]]، [[جگنگ]]، هٿن سان مڇي پڪڙڻ، [[نيزي سان مڇي مارڻ]]، [[مڇي مارڻ جو ڄار|ڄار اڇلائڻ]]، [[ڪنڍي سان مڇي مارڻ]] (angling)، تير اندازي ۽ [[مڇي مارڻ جو پڃرو|پڃرن]] جو استعمال شامل آهي. ان کان علاوه ڪجهه نقصانڪار ۽ اڪثر [[غير قانوني مڇي ماري|غير قانوني]] طريقا جهڙوڪ بجليءَ جا جهٽڪا، ڌماڪا ۽ زهر جو استعمال پڻ ڪيو ويندو آهي. لفظ "مڇي ماري" وسيع معنيٰ ۾ مڇي کانسواءِ ٻين آبي جانورن جهڙوڪ [[ڪرستيشيا]] ([[جهنگو]]/[[لوبسٽر]]/[[ڪيڪڙا]]), [[سپيون]]، [[اڪٽوپس]] ۽ [[تارا مڇي]] پڪڙڻ لاءِ به استعمال ٿيندو آهي. هي اصطلاح عام طور تي [[مڇي پالڻ]] (aquaculture) لاءِ استعمال نه ڪبو آهي. اهڙي طرح آبي کير پياريندڙ جانورن جي شڪار لاءِ مڇي ماريءَ جي بدران [[ويل جو شڪار]] (whaling) جهڙا اصطلاح استعمال ٿيندا آهن. انساني ثقافت ۾ مڇي ماري شڪاري دور کان وٺي هڪ اهم حصو رهي آهي. هي انهن چند خوراڪ پيدا ڪندڙ سرگرمين مان هڪ آهي جيڪا [[تاريخ کان اڳ]] جي دور کان وٺي جديد دور تائين برقرار آهي. خوراڪ کانسواءِ، مڇي ماري هڪ [[تفريحي مڇي ماري|تفريحي مشغولي]] طور پڻ مشهور آهي. گڏيل قومن جي [[خوراڪ ۽ زراعت جي تنظيم]] (FAO) جي انگن اکرن موجب، تجارتي ماهيگيرن ۽ مڇي پاليندڙن جو ڪل تعداد لڳ ڀڳ 3 ڪروڙ 90 لک آهي.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=FAO |date=2020 |title=The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020: Sustainability in Action |url=https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en |journal=The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture |publisher=FAO |pages=7|doi=10.4060/ca9229en }}</ref> مڇي ماريءَ جي صنعت ۽ مڇي پالڻ ترقي پذير ملڪن ۾ 50 کروڑ کان وڌيڪ ماڻهن کي سڌي يا اڻ سڌي طرح [[روزگار]] فراهم ڪري ٿي.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/brochure/climate_change/policy_brief.pdf Fisheries and Aquaculture in our Changing Climate] Policy brief of the FAO, December 2009.</ref> == تاريخ == {{main|مڇي ماريءَ جي تاريخ|سامونڊي خوراڪ جي تاريخ}} [[File:Fishing tools stone age SPMZ.jpg|thumb|left|پٿر جي دور جا مڇي مارڻ جا اوزار]] مڇي ماري هڪ قديم عمل آهي جيڪو گهٽ ۾ گهٽ 40,000 سال اڳ جي قديم پٿر واري دور ([[Paleolithic]]) سان ملي ٿو.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060117013632/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/11/1108_bonetool_2.html African Bone Tools Dispute Key Idea About Human Evolution] National Geographic News article.</ref> مشرقي ايشيا جي 40,000 سال پراڻي قديم انسان "تيانيوان انسان" (Tianyuan man) جي باقيات جي تجزيي مان معلوم ٿيو آهي ته هو باقاعدي تازي پاڻيءَ جي مڇي کائيندو هو.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Yaowu Hu | year = 2009 | title = Stable isotope dietary analysis of the Tianyuan 1 early modern human | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 106 | issue = 27 | pages = 10971–74 | doi=10.1073/pnas.0904826106 }}</ref> آثار قديمه مان مليل مڇين جا هڏا ۽ [[غارن ۾ چٽسالي]] ظاهر ڪن ٿا ته سامونڊي خوراڪ بقا لاءِ تمام اهم هئي. آفريڪا ۾ مڇي ماريءَ جا آثار انساني تاريخ جي شروعاتي دور ۾ ئي ملن ٿا. نينڊرتھل انسان لڳ ڀڳ 2,00,000 ق.م ۾ مڇي ماريندا هئا.<ref name="quatr.us">{{cite web|url=https://quatr.us/africa/history-fishing-fishing-nets-shellfish-boats.htm|title=History of fishing – fishing nets, shellfish, boats|website=quatr.us Study Guides|date=12 June 2017}}</ref> === ٽرالنگ === برطانوي "ڊاگر" (dogger) 17هين صديءَ ۾ سڙهه سان هلندڙ ٽرالر جو هڪ شروعاتي قسم هو، پر جديد مڇي مارڻ وارو [[ٽرالر]] 19هين صديءَ ۾ انگلينڊ جي بندرگاهه "برڪسهم" (Brixham) ۾ تيار ڪيو ويو. 19هين صديءَ جي شروعات ۾ مڇين جي ذخيرن ۾ گهٽتائيءَ سبب ماهيگيرن کي دور دراز علائقن تائين وڃڻ جي ضرورت پئي. برڪسهم ٽرالر جي بناوٽ اهڙي هئي جو اهو تيز رفتاريءَ سان اونهي پاڻيءَ ۾ وڏا ڄار ڇڪي سگهندو هو. ان ڪري برڪسهم کي 'عميق سمنڊ جي مڇي ماريءَ جي ماءُ' چيو ويندو آهي.<ref name="kjappeal">{{cite web|url=http://www.kjappeal.org/history.html |title=History of a Brixham trawler |publisher=JKappeal.org}}</ref> [[File:A Brixham trawler.jpg|thumb|left|وليم ايڊولفس نيل پاران ٺاهيل برڪسهم ٽرالر جي پينٽنگ.]] هن انقلابي ڊيزائن ماهيگيرن کي ايٽلانٽڪ سمنڊ جي وڏن ميدانن تائين پهچايو، جنهن جي نتيجي ۾ گريمزبي (Grimsby) جهڙا شهر دنيا جا وڏا مڇي مارڻ جا بندرگاهه بڻجي ويا. پهرين ٻاف سان هلندڙ ([[Steam engine|Steam-powered]]) مڇي مارڻ واري ٻيڙي 1870ع جي ڏهاڪي ۾ ظاهر ٿي. ڊيوڊ ايلن 1875ع ۾ اسڪاٽلينڊ ۾ پهرين ٻاف سان هلندڙ ٻيڙي تيار ڪئي ۽ 1877ع ۾ دنيا جو پهريون پروپيلر وارو اسٽيم ٽرالر ٺاهيو.<ref name="grantontrawlers">{{Cite web|url=http://grantontrawlers.com/steam%20trawler.html|title=The Steam Trawler}}</ref> === تفريحي مڇي ماري === {{main|تفريحي مڇي ماري}} [[File:Louis John Rhead - Izaak Wolton and his scholar.jpg|thumb|upright|ايزاڪ والٽن جو ڪتاب ''The Compleat Angler'' (1653) جنهن فلائي فشنگ کي مقبول بڻايو.]] تفريحي مڇي ماريءَ جي شروعات بابت پڪي خبر ناهي، پر جاپان ۾ "فلائي فشنگ" (fly fishing) جا قديم آثار ملن ٿا. تفريحي مڇي ماريءَ تي پهريون انگريزي مضمون 1496ع ۾ جوليانا برنرز (Juliana Berners) لکيو هو، جنهن جو عنوان ''Treatyse of Fysshynge wyth an Angle'' هو.<ref>Berners, Dame Juliana (1496) [http://www.luminarium.org/renascence-editions/berners/berners.html ''A treatyse of fysshynge wyth an Angle'']</ref> 1653ع ۾ ايزاڪ والٽن جو مشهور ڪتاب ''[[The Compleat Angler]]'' شايع ٿيو، جنهن مڇي ماريءَ کي هڪ فن ۽ روحاني سرگرمي طور پيش ڪيو. 1655ع ۾ چارلس ڪربي مڇي مارڻ جي ڪنڍي (hook) جي هڪ بهتر ڊيزائن تيار ڪئي جيڪا اڄ به ڪجهه تبديلين سان استعمال ٿئي ٿي.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8d6yECc8kpsC|title=The Science of Fly-fishing|author=Stan L. Ulanski|year=2003|page=4}}</ref> 18هين صديءَ ۾ مڇي مارڻ جي لٺين ([[Fishing rod]]) ۾ وڌيڪ سڌارا آيا ۽ مڇي ماريءَ جي سامان جو ڪاروبار وسيع ٿي ويو. صنعتي انقلاب کان پوءِ فلائي لائنز ٺاهڻ لاءِ مشينن جو استعمال شروع ٿيو، جنهن سان هي مشغولو وڌيڪ عام ٿيو. ==پڻ ڏسو== {{Portal|fish|Occupation|مڇيون|پيشا}} * [[مڇي]] * [[شڪار]] * [[ماحوليات]] * [[سامونڊي خوراڪ]] ==حوالا== {{reflist}} [[زمرو:مڇي جو شڪار]] [[زمرو:پيشا]] [[زمرو:تفريحي سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:مڇيون]] [[زمرو:مڇيون ۽ انسان]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] 438cbikwomkwh7corzaamxhopvh37wz 0 93431 373256 365799 2026-04-24T19:10:33Z Memon2025 21315 /* حوالا */ 373256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|گراهڪن لاءِ قدر ڳولڻ، پيدا ڪرڻ ۽ پهچائڻ جو مطالعو ۽ عمل}} {{use American English|date=March 2021}} [[File:Steve Jobs and Macintosh computer, January 1984, by Bernard Gotfryd - edited.jpg|thumb|[[اسٽيو جابس]] جي مارڪيٽنگ مهارتن کي [[ايپل]] (Apple Inc.) کي ٻيهر زنده ڪرڻ ۽ ان کي دنيا جي [[قيمتي برانڊن جي فهرست|مهانگو ترين برانڊن]] مان هڪ بنائڻ جو ڪريڊٽ ڏنو وڃي ٿو.<ref name="The Real Story">{{cite web |access-date=16 March 2019|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/onmarketing/2011/12/14/the-real-story-behind-apples-think-different-campaign/ |title=The Real Story Behind Apple's 'Think different' Campaign |work=[[Forbes]]|date=14 December 2011 |last = Siltanen|first = Rob }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://boingboing.net/2012/08/09/kottke.html |title=Searching for Magic in India and Silicon Valley: An Interview with Daniel Kottke, Apple Employee #12 |newspaper=Boing Boing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111073600/http://boingboing.net/2012/08/09/kottke.html |archive-date=11 January 2014 |access-date=30 August 2012|date=9 August 2012 }}</ref>]] {{marketing}} '''مارڪيٽنگ''' (Marketing) مان مراد گراهڪن کي حاصل ڪرڻ، کين مطمئن ڪرڻ ۽ انهن کي پاڻ سان جوڙي رکڻ جو عمل آهي.<ref name="Kotler2"></ref> هي [[ڪاروباري انتظاميه]] ۽ [[واپار]] جي بنيادي حصن مان هڪ آهي.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Practice of Management |last=Drucker |first=Peter |year=1954 |publisher=[[Harper (publisher)|Harper & Row]]|location=New York |pages=32 |author-link=Peter Drucker}}</ref> مارڪيٽنگ عام طور تي وڪڻندڙ طرفان ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪو اڪثر ڪري ڪو پرچون فروش (retailer) يا ٺاهيندڙ (manufacturer) هوندو آهي. شيون ٻين ڪاروبارن کي ([[B2B Marketing|B2B]]) يا سڌي ريت صارفين کي ([[B2C]]) مارڪيٽ ڪري سگهجن ٿيون.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Principles of Marketing |last1=Lamb |first1=Charles |last2=Hair |first2=Joseph |last3=McDaniel |first3=Carl |publisher=Cengage Learning |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-285-86014-5 |location=Boston, MA}}</ref> ڪڏهن ڪڏهن مارڪيٽنگ جا ڪم مخصوص فرمز کي ڏنا ويندا آهن، جهڙوڪ اشتهارن جي ايجنسي يا مارڪيٽ ريسرچ فرم. مارڪيٽنگ جي حڪمت عملي "مارڪيٽنگ ميڪس" (marketing mix) تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي، جيڪا پيداوار جي تفصيلن ۽ ان جي وڪري جي طريقن کي بيان ڪري ٿي.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":3" /> ان تي مارڪيٽ ريسرچ جي نتيجن ۽ گراهڪن جي خاصيتن جو گهرو اثر هوندو آهي.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Diaz Ruiz |first=Carlos A. |date=2022 |title=The Insights Industry: Towards a Performativity Turn in Market Research |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14707853211039191 |journal=International Journal of Market Research |language=en |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=169–186 |doi=10.1177/14707853211039191 |s2cid=238711288 |issn=1470-7853|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == تعريف == آمريڪي مارڪيٽنگ ايسوسيئيشن (AMA) پاران مارڪيٽنگ جي موجوده تعريف هي آهي: "مارڪيٽنگ اها سرگرمي، ادارن جو سيٽ، ۽ عمل آهي جنهن ذريعي گراهڪن، ڪلائنٽس، پارٽنرز، ۽ مجموعي طور تي سماج لاءِ اهڙيون شيون يا خدمتون تيار ڪيون، پهچايون ۽ مٽايون وڃن جيڪي انهن لاءِ قدر (value) رکندڙ هجن".<ref name=def>American Marketing Association, [https://www.ama.org/the-definition-of-marketing-what-is-marketing/ Definitions of Marketing], approved 2017, accessed 24 January 2021</ref> [[File:Portrait of Josiah Wedgwood gupjg13 4 ics8nad.tiff|thumb|right|ارڙهين صديءَ جو ڪاروباري شخص [[جوشيا ويج ووڊ]]، جنهن وڪري جا ڪيترائي جديد طريقا ايجاد ڪيا، کيس ايڊم سمٿ انسٽيٽيوٽ پاران "جديد مارڪيٽنگ جو موجد" قرار ڏنو ويو آهي.<ref>{{cite news |title=Josiah Wedgwood, an Industrial Revolution pioneer |url=https://www.adamsmith.org/blog/josiah-wedgewood-an-industrial-revolution-pioneer |access-date=13 June 2024 |publisher=Adam Smith Institute}}</ref>]] مشهور ليکڪ ۽ ماهر [[فلپ ڪوٽلر]] 1980ع ۾ مارڪيٽنگ جي تعريف "ڏي وٺ جي عمل ذريعي ضرورتن ۽ خواهشن کي پورو ڪرڻ" طور ڪئي هئي،<ref name="Kotler2">{{Cite book |last=Kotler |first=Philip |title=Principles of marketing |date=1980 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |isbn=0-13-701557-7 |location=Englewood Cliffs, NJ |oclc=5564799}}</ref> پر 2018ع ۾ هن ان کي وڌيڪ وسيع ڪندي چيو ته "هي هڪ اهڙو عمل آهي جنهن ذريعي ڪمپنيون گراهڪن کي پاڻ سان جوڙين ٿيون، مضبوط رشتا ٺاهين ٿيون، ۽ گراهڪن لاءِ قدر پيدا ڪن ٿيون ته جيئن بدلي ۾ گراهڪن کان قدر حاصل ڪري سگهجي".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kotler |first=Philip |title=Principles of marketing |date=2018 |author2=Gary Armstrong |isbn=978-0-13-449251-3 |edition=Seventeenth |location=Hoboken |oclc=954203453}}</ref> جيتوڻيڪ اڳي مارڪيٽنگ کي صرف هڪ تخليقي صنعت (جهڙوڪ اشتهار بازي) سمجهيو ويندو هو، پر هاڻي سماجي سائنسن، نفسيات، ۽ اقتصاديات جي استعمال سبب ان کي هڪ "سائنس" طور تسليم ڪيو وڃي ٿو.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/women2/2012/06/05/the-science-of-marketing/#81ce1a97a0a6|title=The Science of Marketing|last=Zhou |first=Julie |work=Forbes |access-date=16 June 2017}}</ref> == تصور (Concept) == مارڪيٽنگ جو بنيادي تصور هي آهي ته ڪنهن به اداري کي پنهنجي مقصدن جي حاصلات لاءِ امڪاني گراهڪن جي ضرورتن ۽ خواهشن کي سمجهڻ گهرجي ۽ انهن کي پنهنجي مقابلي بازن (competitors) کان بهتر نموني پورو ڪرڻ گهرجي. مارڪيٽنگ ۾ ٽي شيون اهم آهن:<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Weeks|first1=Richard|last2=Marx|first2=William|date=Autumn 1968|title=The Market Concept: Problems and Promises|journal=Business & Society|volume=9|pages=39–42|doi=10.1177/000765036800900106|s2cid=154456073| issn = 0007-6503 }}</ref> * '''ضرورتون (Needs):''' اهي شيون جيڪي انسان جي بقا لاءِ لازمي آهن، جهڙوڪ کاڌو، پاڻي، ۽ اجهو. * '''خواهشون (Wants):''' اهي شيون جن جي تمنا ڪئي وڃي، جيڪي بقا لاءِ لازمي نه هجن پر ثقافت يا ماحول سبب پيدا ٿين. * '''طلب (Demands):''' جڏهن ضرورتن ۽ خواهشن کي خريد ڪرڻ جي قوت (پئسا) حاصل هجي، ته اهي معاشي طلب بڻجي وڃن ٿيون. == B2B ۽ B2C مارڪيٽنگ == مارڪيٽنگ جا ٻه وڏا حصا آهن: === B2B مارڪيٽنگ === B2B (Business-to-Business) مارڪيٽنگ مان مراد اهڙي حڪمت عملي آهي جيڪا ٻين ڪاروبارن يا تنظيمن کي شيون وڪڻڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪئي وڃي.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Genovese |first=Shelby |date=20 September 2023 |title=What is B2B Marketing? |url=https://marketingcommunications.wvu.edu/professional-development/marketing-communications-today/marketing-communications-today-blog/2023/09/20/what-is-b2b-marketing |website=West Virginia University Marketing Communications}}</ref> مثال طور، هڪ ڪمپني جيڪا ٻي ڪمپنيءَ کي خام مال يا مشينري وڪڻي ٿي. === B2C مارڪيٽنگ === B2C (Business-to-Consumer) مارڪيٽنگ مان مراد اهي طريقا آهن جن ذريعي ڪمپنيون پنهنجون شيون سڌي ريت عام ماڻهن (صارفين) کي وڪڻنديون آهن. ان ۾ جذباتي مارڪيٽنگ ۽ اشتهارن جو وڌيڪ استعمال ٿيندو آهي.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Sales: Understanding Models and Examples |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/btoc.asp |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Investopedia |language=en}}</ref> == پڻ ڏسو == * [[اشتهار بازي]] * [[برانڊ مئنيجمينٽ]] * [[صارفين جو ورتاءُ]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:مارڪيٽنگ]] [[زمرو:واپار]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري پيشا]] fjjuzeavupicsynwediskab4o81h0rv 373277 373256 2026-04-24T19:28:22Z Memon2025 21315 /* حوالا */ 373277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|گراهڪن لاءِ قدر ڳولڻ، پيدا ڪرڻ ۽ پهچائڻ جو مطالعو ۽ عمل}} {{use American English|date=March 2021}} [[File:Steve Jobs and Macintosh computer, January 1984, by Bernard Gotfryd - edited.jpg|thumb|[[اسٽيو جابس]] جي مارڪيٽنگ مهارتن کي [[ايپل]] (Apple Inc.) کي ٻيهر زنده ڪرڻ ۽ ان کي دنيا جي [[قيمتي برانڊن جي فهرست|مهانگو ترين برانڊن]] مان هڪ بنائڻ جو ڪريڊٽ ڏنو وڃي ٿو.<ref name="The Real Story">{{cite web |access-date=16 March 2019|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/onmarketing/2011/12/14/the-real-story-behind-apples-think-different-campaign/ |title=The Real Story Behind Apple's 'Think different' Campaign |work=[[Forbes]]|date=14 December 2011 |last = Siltanen|first = Rob }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://boingboing.net/2012/08/09/kottke.html |title=Searching for Magic in India and Silicon Valley: An Interview with Daniel Kottke, Apple Employee #12 |newspaper=Boing Boing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111073600/http://boingboing.net/2012/08/09/kottke.html |archive-date=11 January 2014 |access-date=30 August 2012|date=9 August 2012 }}</ref>]] {{marketing}} '''مارڪيٽنگ''' (Marketing) مان مراد گراهڪن کي حاصل ڪرڻ، کين مطمئن ڪرڻ ۽ انهن کي پاڻ سان جوڙي رکڻ جو عمل آهي.<ref name="Kotler2"></ref> هي [[ڪاروباري انتظاميه]] ۽ [[واپار]] جي بنيادي حصن مان هڪ آهي.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Practice of Management |last=Drucker |first=Peter |year=1954 |publisher=[[Harper (publisher)|Harper & Row]]|location=New York |pages=32 |author-link=Peter Drucker}}</ref> مارڪيٽنگ عام طور تي وڪڻندڙ طرفان ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪو اڪثر ڪري ڪو پرچون فروش (retailer) يا ٺاهيندڙ (manufacturer) هوندو آهي. شيون ٻين ڪاروبارن کي ([[B2B Marketing|B2B]]) يا سڌي ريت صارفين کي ([[B2C]]) مارڪيٽ ڪري سگهجن ٿيون.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Principles of Marketing |last1=Lamb |first1=Charles |last2=Hair |first2=Joseph |last3=McDaniel |first3=Carl |publisher=Cengage Learning |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-285-86014-5 |location=Boston, MA}}</ref> ڪڏهن ڪڏهن مارڪيٽنگ جا ڪم مخصوص فرمز کي ڏنا ويندا آهن، جهڙوڪ اشتهارن جي ايجنسي يا مارڪيٽ ريسرچ فرم. مارڪيٽنگ جي حڪمت عملي "مارڪيٽنگ ميڪس" (marketing mix) تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي، جيڪا پيداوار جي تفصيلن ۽ ان جي وڪري جي طريقن کي بيان ڪري ٿي.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":3" /> ان تي مارڪيٽ ريسرچ جي نتيجن ۽ گراهڪن جي خاصيتن جو گهرو اثر هوندو آهي.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Diaz Ruiz |first=Carlos A. |date=2022 |title=The Insights Industry: Towards a Performativity Turn in Market Research |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14707853211039191 |journal=International Journal of Market Research |language=en |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=169–186 |doi=10.1177/14707853211039191 |s2cid=238711288 |issn=1470-7853|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == تعريف == آمريڪي مارڪيٽنگ ايسوسيئيشن (AMA) پاران مارڪيٽنگ جي موجوده تعريف هي آهي: "مارڪيٽنگ اها سرگرمي، ادارن جو سيٽ، ۽ عمل آهي جنهن ذريعي گراهڪن، ڪلائنٽس، پارٽنرز، ۽ مجموعي طور تي سماج لاءِ اهڙيون شيون يا خدمتون تيار ڪيون، پهچايون ۽ مٽايون وڃن جيڪي انهن لاءِ قدر (value) رکندڙ هجن".<ref name=def>American Marketing Association, [https://www.ama.org/the-definition-of-marketing-what-is-marketing/ Definitions of Marketing], approved 2017, accessed 24 January 2021</ref> [[File:Portrait of Josiah Wedgwood gupjg13 4 ics8nad.tiff|thumb|right|ارڙهين صديءَ جو ڪاروباري شخص [[جوشيا ويج ووڊ]]، جنهن وڪري جا ڪيترائي جديد طريقا ايجاد ڪيا، کيس ايڊم سمٿ انسٽيٽيوٽ پاران "جديد مارڪيٽنگ جو موجد" قرار ڏنو ويو آهي.<ref>{{cite news |title=Josiah Wedgwood, an Industrial Revolution pioneer |url=https://www.adamsmith.org/blog/josiah-wedgewood-an-industrial-revolution-pioneer |access-date=13 June 2024 |publisher=Adam Smith Institute}}</ref>]] مشهور ليکڪ ۽ ماهر [[فلپ ڪوٽلر]] 1980ع ۾ مارڪيٽنگ جي تعريف "ڏي وٺ جي عمل ذريعي ضرورتن ۽ خواهشن کي پورو ڪرڻ" طور ڪئي هئي،<ref name="Kotler2">{{Cite book |last=Kotler |first=Philip |title=Principles of marketing |date=1980 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |isbn=0-13-701557-7 |location=Englewood Cliffs, NJ |oclc=5564799}}</ref> پر 2018ع ۾ هن ان کي وڌيڪ وسيع ڪندي چيو ته "هي هڪ اهڙو عمل آهي جنهن ذريعي ڪمپنيون گراهڪن کي پاڻ سان جوڙين ٿيون، مضبوط رشتا ٺاهين ٿيون، ۽ گراهڪن لاءِ قدر پيدا ڪن ٿيون ته جيئن بدلي ۾ گراهڪن کان قدر حاصل ڪري سگهجي".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kotler |first=Philip |title=Principles of marketing |date=2018 |author2=Gary Armstrong |isbn=978-0-13-449251-3 |edition=Seventeenth |location=Hoboken |oclc=954203453}}</ref> جيتوڻيڪ اڳي مارڪيٽنگ کي صرف هڪ تخليقي صنعت (جهڙوڪ اشتهار بازي) سمجهيو ويندو هو، پر هاڻي سماجي سائنسن، نفسيات، ۽ اقتصاديات جي استعمال سبب ان کي هڪ "سائنس" طور تسليم ڪيو وڃي ٿو.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/women2/2012/06/05/the-science-of-marketing/#81ce1a97a0a6|title=The Science of Marketing|last=Zhou |first=Julie |work=Forbes |access-date=16 June 2017}}</ref> == تصور (Concept) == مارڪيٽنگ جو بنيادي تصور هي آهي ته ڪنهن به اداري کي پنهنجي مقصدن جي حاصلات لاءِ امڪاني گراهڪن جي ضرورتن ۽ خواهشن کي سمجهڻ گهرجي ۽ انهن کي پنهنجي مقابلي بازن (competitors) کان بهتر نموني پورو ڪرڻ گهرجي. مارڪيٽنگ ۾ ٽي شيون اهم آهن:<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Weeks|first1=Richard|last2=Marx|first2=William|date=Autumn 1968|title=The Market Concept: Problems and Promises|journal=Business & Society|volume=9|pages=39–42|doi=10.1177/000765036800900106|s2cid=154456073| issn = 0007-6503 }}</ref> * '''ضرورتون (Needs):''' اهي شيون جيڪي انسان جي بقا لاءِ لازمي آهن، جهڙوڪ کاڌو، پاڻي، ۽ اجهو. * '''خواهشون (Wants):''' اهي شيون جن جي تمنا ڪئي وڃي، جيڪي بقا لاءِ لازمي نه هجن پر ثقافت يا ماحول سبب پيدا ٿين. * '''طلب (Demands):''' جڏهن ضرورتن ۽ خواهشن کي خريد ڪرڻ جي قوت (پئسا) حاصل هجي، ته اهي معاشي طلب بڻجي وڃن ٿيون. == B2B ۽ B2C مارڪيٽنگ == مارڪيٽنگ جا ٻه وڏا حصا آهن: === B2B مارڪيٽنگ === B2B (Business-to-Business) مارڪيٽنگ مان مراد اهڙي حڪمت عملي آهي جيڪا ٻين ڪاروبارن يا تنظيمن کي شيون وڪڻڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪئي وڃي.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Genovese |first=Shelby |date=20 September 2023 |title=What is B2B Marketing? |url=https://marketingcommunications.wvu.edu/professional-development/marketing-communications-today/marketing-communications-today-blog/2023/09/20/what-is-b2b-marketing |website=West Virginia University Marketing Communications}}</ref> مثال طور، هڪ ڪمپني جيڪا ٻي ڪمپنيءَ کي خام مال يا مشينري وڪڻي ٿي. === B2C مارڪيٽنگ === B2C (Business-to-Consumer) مارڪيٽنگ مان مراد اهي طريقا آهن جن ذريعي ڪمپنيون پنهنجون شيون سڌي ريت عام ماڻهن (صارفين) کي وڪڻنديون آهن. ان ۾ جذباتي مارڪيٽنگ ۽ اشتهارن جو وڌيڪ استعمال ٿيندو آهي.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Sales: Understanding Models and Examples |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/btoc.asp |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Investopedia |language=en}}</ref> == پڻ ڏسو == * [[اشتهار بازي]] * [[برانڊ مئنيجمينٽ]] * [[صارفين جو ورتاءُ]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:مارڪيٽنگ]] [[زمرو:واپار]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:ڪاروباري پيشا]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] 7a34a6bipzspcgf6v5xv9zlbfbbed2l 14 93480 373271 365983 2026-04-24T19:21:21Z Memon2025 21315 373271 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:پيشا]] [[زمرو:مڇيون]] [[زمرو:مڇيون ۽ انسان]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] k3ofhxt4f5uf5jn57nmpypi62wl7xd1 373289 373271 2026-04-24T19:42:24Z Memon2025 21315 373289 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:مڇيون]] [[زمرو:مڇيون ۽ انسان]] [[زمرو:انساني سرگرميون]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] dp9n38043o8hhyammzsbelujt1aaymb 14 94557 373244 369728 2026-04-24T18:21:31Z Memon2025 21315 373244 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:شخصيتون بلحاظ پيشا]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار سان لاڳاپيل ماڻهو]] n4sohga6xq6qalwebqdf6ezx96op5q4 14 95146 373353 372412 2026-04-25T10:56:36Z Ibne maryam 17680 373353 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:آمريڪا جون گڏيل رياستون]] [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون بلحاظ ملڪ]] s3v2o2zzjciuacwttb22csza9c9apku 10 95265 373174 373116 2026-04-24T14:40:28Z Intisar Ali 8681 373174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = رِيڙھي تنتون | title = [[ريڙھي تنتون]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[گردني تنتون|گردني يا ڳچيءَ واريون]] | list1 = * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 1|C1]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 2|C2]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 3|C3]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 4|C4]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 5|C5]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 6|C6]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 7|C7]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 8|C8]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جو انٽيرير ريمس|اڳيون]]'' ** [[گردني پليڪسس]] ** [[بريڪيئل پليڪسس]] * ''[[اسپائنل تنت جو پوسٽيرير ريمس|پويون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ذيلي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|سب اوڪسيپيٽل – C1]] ** [[وڏي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل – C2]] ** [[ٽين مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|ٿرڊ اوڪسيپيٽل – C3]] | group2 = [[ڇاتي واريون تنتون|ڇاتي يا سينو]] | list2 = * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 1|T1]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 2|T2]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 3|T3]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 4|T4]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 5|T5]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 6|T6]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 7|T7]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 8|T8]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 9|T9]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 10|T10]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 11|T11]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 12|T12]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[انٽرڪوسٽل تنتون|انٽرڪوسٽل]] ** [[انٽرڪوسٽو بريڪيئل تنت|انٽرڪوسٽو بريڪيئل – T2]] ** [[ڇاتي ۽ پيٽ واريون تنتون|ٿوراڪو-ايبڊومينل تنتون – T7–T11]] ** [[سب ڪوسٽل تنت|سب ڪوسٽل – T12]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڇاتي واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] | group3 = [[چيلھ واريون تنتون|چيلھ]] | list3 = * [[چيلھ اسپائنل تنت 1|L1]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 2|L2]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 3|L3]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 4|L4]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 5|L5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[چيلھ واري پليڪسس]] ** [[چيلھ واري سيڪرال ٽرنڪ]] * ''پويون'' ** [[چيلھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[سپيريئر ڪليونيئل تنتون|سپيريئر ڪليونيئل L1–L3]] | group4 = [[پولھ واري تنتون|پولھ يا ڪڇڙ]] | list4 = * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 1|S1]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 2|S2]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 3|S3]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 4|S4]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 5|S5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[سيڪرال پليڪسس]] * ''پويون'' ** [[سيڪرال تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ميڊيل ڪليونيئل تنتون]] | group5 = [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت|ڪوڪسيجيئل]] | list5 = * ''اڳيون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل پليڪسس]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت جي پويون شاخ]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} {{Anatomy navbox doc}} [[Category: تنتي ۽ حسي نظام جا سانچا]] </noinclude> fox3jcjaxe6xrm9hj8kx9at5t7yy3t2 373175 373174 2026-04-24T14:41:14Z Intisar Ali 8681 373175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = رِيڙھي تنتون | title = [[ريڙھي تنتون]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[گردني تنتون|گردن يا ڳچي]] | list1 = * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 1|C1]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 2|C2]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 3|C3]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 4|C4]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 5|C5]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 6|C6]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 7|C7]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 8|C8]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جو انٽيرير ريمس|اڳيون]]'' ** [[گردني پليڪسس]] ** [[بريڪيئل پليڪسس]] * ''[[اسپائنل تنت جو پوسٽيرير ريمس|پويون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ذيلي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|سب اوڪسيپيٽل – C1]] ** [[وڏي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل – C2]] ** [[ٽين مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|ٿرڊ اوڪسيپيٽل – C3]] | group2 = [[ڇاتي واريون تنتون|ڇاتي يا سينو]] | list2 = * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 1|T1]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 2|T2]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 3|T3]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 4|T4]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 5|T5]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 6|T6]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 7|T7]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 8|T8]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 9|T9]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 10|T10]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 11|T11]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 12|T12]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[انٽرڪوسٽل تنتون|انٽرڪوسٽل]] ** [[انٽرڪوسٽو بريڪيئل تنت|انٽرڪوسٽو بريڪيئل – T2]] ** [[ڇاتي ۽ پيٽ واريون تنتون|ٿوراڪو-ايبڊومينل تنتون – T7–T11]] ** [[سب ڪوسٽل تنت|سب ڪوسٽل – T12]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڇاتي واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] | group3 = [[چيلھ واريون تنتون|چيلھ]] | list3 = * [[چيلھ اسپائنل تنت 1|L1]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 2|L2]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 3|L3]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 4|L4]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 5|L5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[چيلھ واري پليڪسس]] ** [[چيلھ واري سيڪرال ٽرنڪ]] * ''پويون'' ** [[چيلھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[سپيريئر ڪليونيئل تنتون|سپيريئر ڪليونيئل L1–L3]] | group4 = [[پولھ واري تنتون|پولھ يا ڪڇڙ]] | list4 = * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 1|S1]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 2|S2]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 3|S3]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 4|S4]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 5|S5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[سيڪرال پليڪسس]] * ''پويون'' ** [[سيڪرال تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ميڊيل ڪليونيئل تنتون]] | group5 = [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت|ڪوڪسيجيئل]] | list5 = * ''اڳيون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل پليڪسس]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت جي پويون شاخ]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} {{Anatomy navbox doc}} [[Category: تنتي ۽ حسي نظام جا سانچا]] </noinclude> 2ax6a6gyuljei1qvdz9jiqtah8xtqfy 373176 373175 2026-04-24T14:41:33Z Intisar Ali 8681 373176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = رِيڙھي تنتون | title = [[ريڙھي تنتون]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[گردني تنتون|گردن يا ڳيچي]] | list1 = * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 1|C1]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 2|C2]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 3|C3]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 4|C4]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 5|C5]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 6|C6]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 7|C7]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 8|C8]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جو انٽيرير ريمس|اڳيون]]'' ** [[گردني پليڪسس]] ** [[بريڪيئل پليڪسس]] * ''[[اسپائنل تنت جو پوسٽيرير ريمس|پويون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ذيلي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|سب اوڪسيپيٽل – C1]] ** [[وڏي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل – C2]] ** [[ٽين مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|ٿرڊ اوڪسيپيٽل – C3]] | group2 = [[ڇاتي واريون تنتون|ڇاتي يا سينو]] | list2 = * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 1|T1]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 2|T2]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 3|T3]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 4|T4]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 5|T5]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 6|T6]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 7|T7]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 8|T8]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 9|T9]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 10|T10]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 11|T11]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 12|T12]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[انٽرڪوسٽل تنتون|انٽرڪوسٽل]] ** [[انٽرڪوسٽو بريڪيئل تنت|انٽرڪوسٽو بريڪيئل – T2]] ** [[ڇاتي ۽ پيٽ واريون تنتون|ٿوراڪو-ايبڊومينل تنتون – T7–T11]] ** [[سب ڪوسٽل تنت|سب ڪوسٽل – T12]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڇاتي واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] | group3 = [[چيلھ واريون تنتون|چيلھ]] | list3 = * [[چيلھ اسپائنل تنت 1|L1]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 2|L2]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 3|L3]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 4|L4]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 5|L5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[چيلھ واري پليڪسس]] ** [[چيلھ واري سيڪرال ٽرنڪ]] * ''پويون'' ** [[چيلھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[سپيريئر ڪليونيئل تنتون|سپيريئر ڪليونيئل L1–L3]] | group4 = [[پولھ واري تنتون|پولھ يا ڪڇڙ]] | list4 = * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 1|S1]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 2|S2]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 3|S3]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 4|S4]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 5|S5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[سيڪرال پليڪسس]] * ''پويون'' ** [[سيڪرال تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ميڊيل ڪليونيئل تنتون]] | group5 = [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت|ڪوڪسيجيئل]] | list5 = * ''اڳيون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل پليڪسس]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت جي پويون شاخ]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} {{Anatomy navbox doc}} [[Category: تنتي ۽ حسي نظام جا سانچا]] </noinclude> ddb54l4o23rnwdhus3mzax8uwnnqfnz 373177 373176 2026-04-24T14:50:35Z Intisar Ali 8681 373177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = رِيڙھي تنتون | title = [[ريڙھي تنتون]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[گردني تنتون|گردن يا ڳيچي]] | list1 = * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 1|C1]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 2|C2]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 3|C3]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 4|C4]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 5|C5]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 6|C6]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 7|C7]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 8|C8]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جي اڳئين ريمس|اڳيون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جو ڄار]] ** [[ٻانھن جي تنتن جو ڄار]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جو پوئين ريمس|پويون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ذيلي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|سب اوڪسيپيٽل – C1]] ** [[وڏي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل – C2]] ** [[ٽين مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|ٿرڊ اوڪسيپيٽل – C3]] | group2 = [[ڇاتي واريون تنتون|ڇاتي يا سينو]] | list2 = * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 1|T1]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 2|T2]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 3|T3]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 4|T4]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 5|T5]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 6|T6]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 7|T7]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 8|T8]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 9|T9]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 10|T10]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 11|T11]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 12|T12]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[انٽرڪوسٽل تنتون|انٽرڪوسٽل]] ** [[انٽرڪوسٽو ٻانھن واري تنت|انٽرڪوسٽو بريڪيئل – T2]] ** [[ڇاتي ۽ پيٽ واريون تنتون|ٿوراڪو-ايبڊومينل تنتون – T7–T11]] ** [[سب ڪوسٽل تنت|سب ڪوسٽل – T12]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڇاتي واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] | group3 = [[چيلھ واريون تنتون|چيلھ]] | list3 = * [[چيلھ اسپائنل تنت 1|L1]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 2|L2]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 3|L3]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 4|L4]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 5|L5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[چيلھ واري پليڪسس]] ** [[چيلھ واري سيڪرال ٽرنڪ]] * ''پويون'' ** [[چيلھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[سپيريئر ڪليونيئل تنتون|سپيريئر ڪليونيئل L1–L3]] | group4 = [[پولھ واري تنتون|پولھ يا ڪڇڙ]] | list4 = * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 1|S1]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 2|S2]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 3|S3]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 4|S4]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 5|S5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[سيڪرال پليڪسس]] * ''پويون'' ** [[سيڪرال تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ميڊيل ڪليونيئل تنتون]] | group5 = [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت|ڪوڪسيجيئل]] | list5 = * ''اڳيون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل پليڪسس]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت جي پويون شاخ]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} {{Anatomy navbox doc}} [[Category: تنتي ۽ حسي نظام جا سانچا]] </noinclude> 8mw8yyq6h2j3gttp0d58e90wfwqurva 373178 373177 2026-04-24T14:51:02Z Intisar Ali 8681 373178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = رِيڙھي تنتون | title = [[رِيڙھي تنتون]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[گردني تنتون|گردن يا ڳيچي]] | list1 = * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 1|C1]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 2|C2]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 3|C3]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 4|C4]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 5|C5]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 6|C6]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 7|C7]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 8|C8]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جي اڳئين ريمس|اڳيون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جو ڄار]] ** [[ٻانھن جي تنتن جو ڄار]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جو پوئين ريمس|پويون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ذيلي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|سب اوڪسيپيٽل – C1]] ** [[وڏي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل – C2]] ** [[ٽين مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|ٿرڊ اوڪسيپيٽل – C3]] | group2 = [[ڇاتي واريون تنتون|ڇاتي يا سينو]] | list2 = * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 1|T1]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 2|T2]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 3|T3]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 4|T4]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 5|T5]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 6|T6]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 7|T7]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 8|T8]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 9|T9]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 10|T10]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 11|T11]] * [[ڇاتي واري اسپائنل تنت 12|T12]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[انٽرڪوسٽل تنتون|انٽرڪوسٽل]] ** [[انٽرڪوسٽو ٻانھن واري تنت|انٽرڪوسٽو بريڪيئل – T2]] ** [[ڇاتي ۽ پيٽ واريون تنتون|ٿوراڪو-ايبڊومينل تنتون – T7–T11]] ** [[سب ڪوسٽل تنت|سب ڪوسٽل – T12]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڇاتي واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] | group3 = [[چيلھ واريون تنتون|چيلھ]] | list3 = * [[چيلھ اسپائنل تنت 1|L1]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 2|L2]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 3|L3]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 4|L4]] * [[چيلھ واري اسپائنل تنت 5|L5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[چيلھ واري پليڪسس]] ** [[چيلھ واري سيڪرال ٽرنڪ]] * ''پويون'' ** [[چيلھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[سپيريئر ڪليونيئل تنتون|سپيريئر ڪليونيئل L1–L3]] | group4 = [[پولھ واري تنتون|پولھ يا ڪڇڙ]] | list4 = * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 1|S1]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 2|S2]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 3|S3]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 4|S4]] * [[پولھ واري اسپائنل تنت 5|S5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[سيڪرال پليڪسس]] * ''پويون'' ** [[سيڪرال تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ميڊيل ڪليونيئل تنتون]] | group5 = [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت|ڪوڪسيجيئل]] | list5 = * ''اڳيون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل پليڪسس]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت جي پويون شاخ]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} {{Anatomy navbox doc}} [[Category: تنتي ۽ حسي نظام جا سانچا]] </noinclude> d9oawl3xtxdvqpe0i6uxdnfxz4bc5s8 373182 373178 2026-04-24T14:58:59Z Intisar Ali 8681 373182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = رِيڙھي تنتون | title = [[رِيڙھي تنتون]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[گردني تنتون|گردن يا ڳيچي]] | list1 = * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 1|C1]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 2|C2]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 3|C3]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 4|C4]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 5|C5]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 6|C6]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 7|C7]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 8|C8]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جي اڳئين ريمس|اڳيون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جو ڄار]] ** [[ٻانھن جي تنتن جو ڄار]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جو پوئين ريمس|پويون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ذيلي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|سب اوڪسيپيٽل – C1]] ** [[وڏي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل – C2]] ** [[ٽين مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|ٿرڊ اوڪسيپيٽل – C3]] | group2 = [[ڇاتي واريون تنتون|ڇاتي يا سينو]] | list2 = * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 1|T1]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 2|T2]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 3|T3]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 4|T4]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 5|T5]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 6|T6]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 7|T7]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 8|T8]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 9|T9]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 10|T10]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 11|T11]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 12|T12]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[انٽرڪوسٽل تنتون|انٽرڪوسٽل]] ** [[انٽرڪوسٽو ٻانھن واري تنت|انٽرڪوسٽو ٻانھن واري تنت– T2]] ** [[ڇاتي ۽ پيٽ واريون تنتون|ڇاتي-پيٽ واريون تنتون – T7–T11]] ** [[سب ڪوسٽل تنت|سب ڪوسٽل – T12]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڇاتي واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] | group3 = [[چيلھ واريون تنتون|چيلھ]] | list3 = * [[چيلھ ريڙھي تنت 1|L1]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 2|L2]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 3|L3]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 4|L4]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 5|L5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[چيلھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] ** [[چيلھ سان پولھ وارو ٿڙ]] * ''پويون'' ** [[چيلھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[سپيريئر ڪليونيئل تنتون|سپيريئر ڪليونيئل L1–L3]] | group4 = [[پولھ واريون تنتون|پولھ يا ڪڇڙ]] | list4 = * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 1|S1]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 2|S2]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 3|S3]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 4|S4]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 5|S5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پولھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] * ''پويون'' ** [[پولھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ميڊيل ڪليونيئل تنتون]] | group5 = [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت|ڪوڪسيجيئل]] | list5 = * ''اڳيون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتي ڄار]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت جي پوئين شاخ]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} {{Anatomy navbox doc}} [[Category: تنتي ۽ حسي نظام جا سانچا]] </noinclude> dcj1b2o329ac8aqto9thzudv98u6zv9 373184 373182 2026-04-24T15:25:55Z Intisar Ali 8681 373184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = رِيڙھي تنتون | title = [[رِيڙھي تنتون]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[گردني تنتون|گردن يا ڳيچي]] | list1 = * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 1|C1]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 2|C2]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 3|C3]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 4|C4]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 5|C5]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 6|C6]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 7|C7]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 8|C8]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جي اڳئين شاخ|اڳيون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جو ڄار]] ** [[ٻانھن جي تنتن جو ڄار]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جي پوئين شاخ|پويون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ذيلي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|سب اوڪسيپيٽل – C1]] ** [[وڏي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل – C2]] ** [[ٽين مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|ٿرڊ اوڪسيپيٽل – C3]] | group2 = [[ڇاتي واريون تنتون|ڇاتي يا سينو]] | list2 = * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 1|T1]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 2|T2]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 3|T3]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 4|T4]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 5|T5]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 6|T6]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 7|T7]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 8|T8]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 9|T9]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 10|T10]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 11|T11]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 12|T12]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پاسيرين واريون تنتون|پاسيري]] ** [[پاسيراٽي ٻانھن واري تنت|پاسيراٽي ٻانھن واري تنت– T2]] ** [[ڇاتي ۽ پيٽ واريون تنتون|ڇاتي-پيٽ واريون تنتون – T7–T11]] ** [[سب ڪوسٽل تنت|سب ڪوسٽل – T12]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڇاتي واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] | group3 = [[چيلھ واريون تنتون|چيلھ]] | list3 = * [[چيلھ ريڙھي تنت 1|L1]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 2|L2]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 3|L3]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 4|L4]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 5|L5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[چيلھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] ** [[چيلھ سان پولھ وارو ٿڙ]] * ''پويون'' ** [[چيلھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[سپيريئر ڪليونيئل تنتون|سپيريئر ڪليونيئل L1–L3]] | group4 = [[پولھ واريون تنتون|پولھ يا ڪڇڙ]] | list4 = * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 1|S1]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 2|S2]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 3|S3]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 4|S4]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 5|S5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پولھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] * ''پويون'' ** [[پولھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ميڊيل ڪليونيئل تنتون]] | group5 = [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت|ڪوڪسيجيئل]] | list5 = * ''اڳيون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتي ڄار]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت جي پوئين شاخ]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} {{Anatomy navbox doc}} [[Category: تنتي ۽ حسي نظام جا سانچا]] </noinclude> r58omwefnilmvbebnaq62qg6gvedxx1 373186 373184 2026-04-24T15:31:41Z Intisar Ali 8681 373186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = رِيڙھي تنتون | title = [[رِيڙھي تنتون]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[گردني تنتون|گردن يا ڳيچي]] | list1 = * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 1|C1]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 2|C2]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 3|C3]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 4|C4]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 5|C5]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 6|C6]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 7|C7]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 8|C8]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جي اڳئين شاخ|اڳيون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جو ڄار]] ** [[ٻانھن جي تنتن جو ڄار]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جي پوئين شاخ|پويون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ذيلي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|سب اوڪسيپيٽل – C1]] ** [[وڏي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل – C2]] ** [[ٽين مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|ٿرڊ اوڪسيپيٽل – C3]] | group2 = [[ڇاتي واريون تنتون|ڇاتي يا سينو]] | list2 = * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 1|T1]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 2|T2]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 3|T3]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 4|T4]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 5|T5]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 6|T6]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 7|T7]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 8|T8]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 9|T9]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 10|T10]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 11|T11]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 12|T12]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پاسيرين واريون تنتون|پاسيري]] ** [[پاسيراٽي ٻانھن واري تنت|پاسيراٽي ٻانھن واري تنت– T2]] ** [[ڇاتي ۽ پيٽ واريون تنتون|ڇاتي-پيٽ واريون تنتون – T7–T11]] ** [[پاسيراٽي ھيٺان تنت|پاسيراٽي ھيٺان – T12]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڇاتي واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] | group3 = [[چيلھ واريون تنتون|چيلھ]] | list3 = * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 1|L1]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 2|L2]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 3|L3]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 4|L4]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 5|L5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[چيلھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] ** [[چيلھ سان پولھ وارو ٿڙ]] * ''پويون'' ** [[چيلھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[برتر ٻنڊڻ واريون تنتون|برتر ٻنڊڻن L1–L3]] | group4 = [[پولھ واريون تنتون|پولھ يا ڪڇڙ]] | list4cluneal = * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 1|S1]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 2|S2]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 3|S3]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 4|S4]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 5|S5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پولھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] * ''پويون'' ** [[پولھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ميڊيل ڪليونيئل تنتون]] | group5 = [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت|ڪوڪسيجيئل]] | list5 = * ''اڳيون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتي ڄار]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت جي پوئين شاخ]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} {{Anatomy navbox doc}} [[Category: تنتي ۽ حسي نظام جا سانچا]] </noinclude> eebugxyat0z2u6opuxp7nssiq76zgza 373188 373186 2026-04-24T15:36:29Z Intisar Ali 8681 373188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = رِيڙھي تنتون | title = [[رِيڙھي تنتون]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[گردني تنتون|گردن يا ڳيچي]] | list1 = * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 1|C1]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 2|C2]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 3|C3]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 4|C4]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 5|C5]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 6|C6]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 7|C7]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 8|C8]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جي اڳئين شاخ|اڳيون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جو ڄار]] ** [[ٻانھن جي تنتن جو ڄار]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جي پوئين شاخ|پويون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ذيلي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|سب اوڪسيپيٽل – C1]] ** [[وڏي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل – C2]] ** [[ٽين مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|ٿرڊ اوڪسيپيٽل – C3]] | group2 = [[ڇاتي واريون تنتون|ڇاتي يا سينو]] | list2 = * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 1|T1]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 2|T2]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 3|T3]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 4|T4]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 5|T5]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 6|T6]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 7|T7]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 8|T8]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 9|T9]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 10|T10]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 11|T11]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 12|T12]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پاسيرين واريون تنتون|پاسيري]] ** [[پاسيراٽي ٻانھن واري تنت|پاسيراٽي ٻانھن واري تنت– T2]] ** [[ڇاتي ۽ پيٽ واريون تنتون|ڇاتي-پيٽ واريون تنتون – T7–T11]] ** [[پاسيراٽي ھيٺان تنت|پاسيراٽي ھيٺان – T12]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڇاتي واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] | group3 = [[چيلھ واريون تنتون|چيلھ]] | list3 = * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 1|L1]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 2|L2]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 3|L3]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 4|L4]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 5|L5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[چيلھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] ** [[چيلھ سان پولھ وارو ٿڙ]] * ''پويون'' ** [[چيلھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[برتر ٻنڊڻ واريون تنتون|برتر ٻنڊڻن L1–L3]] | group4 = [[پولھ واريون تنتون|پولھ يا ڪڇڙ]] | list4cluneal = * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 1|S1]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 2|S2]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 3|S3]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 4|S4]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 5|S5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پولھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] * ''پويون'' ** [[پولھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[وچوليون ٻنڊڻن واريون تنتون]] | group5 = [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنت|ڪوڪسيجيئل]] | list5 = * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پڇ جي ھڏي وارو تنتي ڄار]] * ''پويون'' ** [[پڇ جي ھڏي واري تنت جي پوئين شاخ]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} {{Anatomy navbox doc}} [[Category: تنتي ۽ حسي نظام جا سانچا]] </noinclude> 8baq6camp0hcduutppj9dpuknlg7wnn 373189 373188 2026-04-24T15:37:21Z Intisar Ali 8681 373189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = رِيڙھي تنتون | title = [[رِيڙھي تنتون]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[گردني تنتون|گردن يا ڳيچي]] | list1 = * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 1|C1]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 2|C2]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 3|C3]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 4|C4]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 5|C5]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 6|C6]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 7|C7]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 8|C8]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جي اڳئين شاخ|اڳيون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جو ڄار]] ** [[ٻانھن جي تنتن جو ڄار]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جي پوئين شاخ|پويون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ذيلي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|سب اوڪسيپيٽل – C1]] ** [[وڏي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل – C2]] ** [[ٽين مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|ٿرڊ اوڪسيپيٽل – C3]] | group2 = [[ڇاتي واريون تنتون|ڇاتي يا سينو]] | list2 = * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 1|T1]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 2|T2]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 3|T3]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 4|T4]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 5|T5]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 6|T6]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 7|T7]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 8|T8]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 9|T9]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 10|T10]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 11|T11]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 12|T12]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پاسيرين واريون تنتون|پاسيري]] ** [[پاسيراٽي ٻانھن واري تنت|پاسيراٽي ٻانھن واري تنت– T2]] ** [[ڇاتي ۽ پيٽ واريون تنتون|ڇاتي-پيٽ واريون تنتون – T7–T11]] ** [[پاسيراٽي ھيٺان تنت|پاسيراٽي ھيٺان – T12]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڇاتي واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] | group3 = [[چيلھ واريون تنتون|چيلھ]] | list3 = * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 1|L1]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 2|L2]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 3|L3]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 4|L4]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 5|L5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[چيلھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] ** [[چيلھ سان پولھ وارو ٿڙ]] * ''پويون'' ** [[چيلھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[برتر ٻنڊڻ واريون تنتون|برتر ٻنڊڻن L1–L3]] | group4 = [[پولھ واريون تنتون|پولھ يا ڪڇڙ]] | list4cluneal = * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 1|S1]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 2|S2]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 3|S3]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 4|S4]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 5|S5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پولھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] * ''پويون'' ** [[پولھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[وچوليون ٻنڊڻن واريون تنتون]] | group5 = [[پڇ جي ھڏي واري تنت|پڇ جي ھڏي]] | list5 = * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پڇ جي ھڏي وارو تنتي ڄار]] * ''پويون'' ** [[پڇ جي ھڏي واري تنت جي پوئين شاخ]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} {{Anatomy navbox doc}} [[Category: تنتي ۽ حسي نظام جا سانچا]] </noinclude> l2u6dgmoj812flap7jtila7xn3bompg 373261 373189 2026-04-24T19:13:27Z Intisar Ali 8681 373261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = رِيڙھي تنتون | title = [[رِيڙھي تنتون]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[گردني تنتون|گردن يا ڳيچي]] | list1 = * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 1|C1]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 2|C2]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 3|C3]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 4|C4]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 5|C5]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 6|C6]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 7|C7]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 8|C8]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جي اڳئين شاخ|اڳيون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] ** [[ٻانھن جي تنتي ڄار]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جي پوئين شاخ|پويون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ذيلي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|سب اوڪسيپيٽل – C1]] ** [[وڏي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل – C2]] ** [[ٽين مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|ٿرڊ اوڪسيپيٽل – C3]] | group2 = [[ڇاتي واريون تنتون|ڇاتي يا سينو]] | list2 = * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 1|T1]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 2|T2]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 3|T3]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 4|T4]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 5|T5]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 6|T6]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 7|T7]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 8|T8]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 9|T9]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 10|T10]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 11|T11]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 12|T12]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پاسيرين واريون تنتون|پاسيري]] ** [[پاسيراٽي ٻانھن واري تنت|پاسيراٽي ٻانھن واري تنت– T2]] ** [[ڇاتي ۽ پيٽ واريون تنتون|ڇاتي-پيٽ واريون تنتون – T7–T11]] ** [[پاسيراٽي ھيٺان تنت|پاسيراٽي ھيٺان – T12]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڇاتي واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] | group3 = [[چيلھ واريون تنتون|چيلھ]] | list3 = * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 1|L1]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 2|L2]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 3|L3]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 4|L4]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 5|L5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[چيلھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] ** [[چيلھ سان پولھ وارو ٿڙ]] * ''پويون'' ** [[چيلھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[برتر ٻنڊڻ واريون تنتون|برتر ٻنڊڻن L1–L3]] | group4 = [[پولھ واريون تنتون|پولھ يا ڪڇڙ]] | list4cluneal = * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 1|S1]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 2|S2]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 3|S3]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 4|S4]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 5|S5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پولھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] * ''پويون'' ** [[پولھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[وچوليون ٻنڊڻن واريون تنتون]] | group5 = [[پڇ جي ھڏي واري تنت|پڇ جي ھڏي]] | list5 = * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پڇ جي ھڏي وارو تنتي ڄار]] * ''پويون'' ** [[پڇ جي ھڏي واري تنت جي پوئين شاخ]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} {{Anatomy navbox doc}} [[Category: تنتي ۽ حسي نظام جا سانچا]] </noinclude> 4pnmeyad4mbutol26d0lahqqiisk26u 373262 373261 2026-04-24T19:13:53Z Intisar Ali 8681 373262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = رِيڙھي تنتون | title = [[رِيڙھي تنتون]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[گردني تنتون|گردن يا ڳيچي]] | list1 = * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 1|C1]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 2|C2]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 3|C3]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 4|C4]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 5|C5]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 6|C6]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 7|C7]] * [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 8|C8]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جي اڳئين شاخ|اڳيون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] ** [[ٻانھن جو تنتي ڄار]] * ''[[ريڙھي تنت جي پوئين شاخ|پويون]]'' ** [[گردني تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[ذيلي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|سب اوڪسيپيٽل – C1]] ** [[وڏي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل – C2]] ** [[ٽين مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت|ٿرڊ اوڪسيپيٽل – C3]] | group2 = [[ڇاتي واريون تنتون|ڇاتي يا سينو]] | list2 = * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 1|T1]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 2|T2]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 3|T3]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 4|T4]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 5|T5]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 6|T6]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 7|T7]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 8|T8]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 9|T9]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 10|T10]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 11|T11]] * [[ڇاتي واري ريڙھي تنت 12|T12]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پاسيرين واريون تنتون|پاسيري]] ** [[پاسيراٽي ٻانھن واري تنت|پاسيراٽي ٻانھن واري تنت– T2]] ** [[ڇاتي ۽ پيٽ واريون تنتون|ڇاتي-پيٽ واريون تنتون – T7–T11]] ** [[پاسيراٽي ھيٺان تنت|پاسيراٽي ھيٺان – T12]] * ''پويون'' ** [[ڇاتي واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] | group3 = [[چيلھ واريون تنتون|چيلھ]] | list3 = * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 1|L1]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 2|L2]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 3|L3]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 4|L4]] * [[چيلھ واري ريڙھي تنت 5|L5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[چيلھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] ** [[چيلھ سان پولھ وارو ٿڙ]] * ''پويون'' ** [[چيلھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[برتر ٻنڊڻ واريون تنتون|برتر ٻنڊڻن L1–L3]] | group4 = [[پولھ واريون تنتون|پولھ يا ڪڇڙ]] | list4cluneal = * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 1|S1]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 2|S2]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 3|S3]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 4|S4]] * [[پولھ واري ريڙھي تنت 5|S5]] * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پولھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] * ''پويون'' ** [[پولھ واري تنتن جون پويون شاخون]] ** [[وچوليون ٻنڊڻن واريون تنتون]] | group5 = [[پڇ جي ھڏي واري تنت|پڇ جي ھڏي]] | list5 = * ''اڳيون'' ** [[پڇ جي ھڏي وارو تنتي ڄار]] * ''پويون'' ** [[پڇ جي ھڏي واري تنت جي پوئين شاخ]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} {{Anatomy navbox doc}} [[Category: تنتي ۽ حسي نظام جا سانچا]] </noinclude> nrn3tm0mplhrzgnxwul1g9as6al00yb 0 95273 373190 373129 2026-04-24T15:39:27Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 1]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 1]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|گردني حصي جو ريڙهي تنت}} {{Infobox anatomy | Name = گردني ريڙهي تنت | Latin = nervi spinalis | Image = Sobo 1909 702.png | Caption = گردني ۽ بريڪيل پليڪسس جو خاڪو | Image2 = Sobo 1909 611.png | Caption2 = ريڙهه جي هڏي سان گڏ ريڙهي تنت | System = | Precursor = }} '''گردني ريڙهي [[تنت]] 1''' (C1) هڪ [[ريڙهي تنت]] آهي جيڪو [[گردني حصو]] سان لاڳاپيل آهي.<ref>"[https://spinalcordinjuryzone.com/info/7448/nervous-system-groups-of-nerves تنتي نظام — تنتن جا گروپ]" spinalcordinjuryzone.com تان. شايع ٿيل 23 فيبروري 2004. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111223085400/https://spinalcordinjuryzone.com/info/7448/nervous-system-groups-of-nerves محفوظ ٿيل] 23 ڊسمبر 2011. حاصل ڪيو ويو 12 جون 2018.</ref> C1 گهڻو ڪري حرڪتي ريشا کڻي ٿو، پر ان ۾ هڪ ننڍي مينينجيل شاخ به هوندي آهي جيڪا فورامن ميگنم جي چوڌاري ڊورا جي حصن کي حس فراهم ڪري ٿي (ڊورسل رامي ذريعي). هي تنت [[گردني مهره 1]] (C1) جي مٿان ريڙهي ڪالم مان نڪري ٿو.<ref name="Saladin">{{cite book |last1=Saladin |first1=Kenneth S. |title=Human anatomy |date=2011 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |isbn=9780071222075 |page=382 |edition=3rd}}</ref> پهرين گردني تنت جو ڊورسل روٽ ۽ گينگليون ابتدائي (رڊيمينٽري) ٿي سگهي ٿو يا مڪمل طور غير موجود به ٿي سگهي ٿو. هن تنت سان لاڳاپيل عضلا هي آهن: * [[جينيوهايوئڊ عضلو]] — [[هائپوگلاسل تنت]] ذريعي * [[ٿائروهايوئڊ عضلو]] — [[هائپوگلاسل تنت]] ذريعي * [[ريڪٽس ڪيپيٽس اينٽيرير عضلو]] * [[لونگس ڪيپيٽس عضلو]] (جزوي طور) * [[ريڪٽس ڪيپيٽس ليٽرالِس عضلو]] * [[اسپلينيس سرويسِس عضلو]] (جزوي طور) * [[ريڪٽس ڪيپيٽس پوسٽيرير ميجر عضلو]] * [[ليويٽر اسڪيپولي عضلو]] (جزوي طور) * [[اوموهايوئڊ]] — [[انسا سرويڪيلس]] ذريعي * [[اسٽرنوهايوئڊ]] — [[انسا سرويڪيلس]] ذريعي * [[اسٽرنوٿائروئڊ]] — [[انسا سرويڪيلس]] ذريعي == حوالا == {{reflist}} == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == * [https://voka.io/3d-anatomy/back/nerves/ گردني ريڙهي تنتن جو 3D انٽرايڪٽو ماڊل] {{Spinal nerves}} {{DEFAULTSORT:گردني ريڙهي تنت 1}} [[Category:ريڙهي تنت]] {{neuroanatomy-stub}} 6ffmpkb6gcyg8noneb45ifo397odek3 0 95274 373192 373130 2026-04-24T15:40:31Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 2]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 2]] ڏانھن چوريو 373130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|گردني حصي جو ريڙهي تنت}} {{Infobox anatomy | Name = گردني ريڙهي تنت | Latin = nervi spinalis | Image = Sobo 1909 702.png | Caption = گردني ۽ بريڪيل پليڪسس جو خاڪو۔ | Image2 = Sobo 1909 611.png | Caption2 = ريڙهه جي هڏي سان گڏ ريڙهي تنت۔ | System = | Precursor = }} '''گردني ريڙهي تنت 2''' (C2) هڪ [[ريڙهي تنت]] آهي جيڪو [[گردني حصو]] سان لاڳاپيل آهي.<ref>[http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7173.html آمريڪن ميڊيڪل ايسوسيئيشن] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220035105/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7173.html |date=2007-12-20 }} تنتي نظام — تنتن جا گروپ</ref> هي [[انسا سرويڪيلس]] جو حصو آهي، جتي C1 ۽ C3 سان گڏ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن [[انسا سرويڪيلس جي مٿين روٽ]] جو حصو بڻجي ٿو.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Waxenbaum|first=Joshua A.|title=Anatomy, Head and Neck, Cervical Nerves|date=2021|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538136/|work=StatPearls|place=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=30844163|access-date=2021-09-22|last2=Reddy|first2=Vamsi|last3=Bordoni|first3=Bruno}}</ref> هي C3 سان گڏجي [[انسا سرويڪيلس جي هيٺين روٽ]] سان پڻ ڳنڍجي ٿو.<ref name=":0" /> C2 ريڙهي تنت ريڙهه جي هڏي مان هڪ ننڍڙي هڏاڻي سوراخ مان نڪري ٿو، جنهن کي [[انٽرورٽيبريل فورامن]] چيو وڃي ٿو، جيڪو [[اٽلانٽو ايڪسيل جوڙ]] وٽ C2 مهره جي مٿان واقع هوندو آهي۔ هي تنت ٻنهي حسي ۽ حرڪتي حصن تي مشتمل آهي۔ C2 ڊرماٽوم جلد جي مخصوص حصن کي ڍڪي ٿو، جتان حسي سگنل جلد جي [[حسي ري سيپٽر]]ن کان C2 تنت ڏانهن منتقل ٿين ٿا۔ انهن علائقن ۾ مٿي جي مٿئين ۽ پٺئين حصي، ڳچيءَ جي اڳئين جلد، ۽ ڪنن جي لوبيون شامل آهن۔ C2 مائيوٽوم انهن عضلن جو مجموعو آهي جيڪي C2 جي ڪنٽرول هيٺ آهن۔ C2 [[ريڪٽس ڪيپيٽس اينٽيرير عضلو]] ۽ [[ريڪٽس ڪيپيٽس ليٽرالس عضلو]] کي تنتي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو.<ref name=":0" /> اهي عضلا ڳچيءَ کي اڳتي جهڪائڻ ۾ مدد ڏين ٿا۔ [[گريٽر آڪسيپيٽل تنت]]، [[ليسر آڪسيپيٽل تنت]]، [[گريٽر اوريڪولر تنت]]، ۽ [[ٽرانسورس سرويڪل تنت]] سڀ C2 مان نڪرندا آهن، جڏهن ته آخري ٻه C3 سان گڏيل هوندا آهن.<ref name=":0" /> == اضافي تصويرون == <gallery> File:Dermatomes and cutaneous nerves - anterior.svg|C2 ڊرماٽوم، جيڪو جلد جي ان علائقي کي ڏيکاري ٿو جنهن کي C2 جي حسي ريشا فراهمي ڏين ٿا۔ </gallery> == حوالا == {{reflist}} == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == * [https://voka.io/3d-anatomy/back/nerves/ گردني ريڙهي تنتن جي 3D انٽرايڪٽو ڏيک] {{Spinal nerves}} [[Category:ريڙهي تنت]] {{neuroanatomy-stub}} cranovl8p0l3w3tj10aplwloksy6x49 0 95275 373194 373131 2026-04-24T15:41:20Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 3]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 3]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|گردني حصي جو ريڙهي تنت}} {{Infobox anatomy | Name = گردني ريڙهي تنت | Latin = nervi spinalis | Image = Sobo 1909 702.png | Caption = گردني ۽ بريڪيل پليڪسس جو خاڪو۔ | Image2 = Sobo 1909 611.png | Caption2 = ريڙهه جي هڏي سان گڏ ريڙهي تنت۔ | System = | Precursor = }} '''گردني ريڙهي تنت 3''' (C3) هڪ [[ريڙهي تنت]] آهي جيڪو [[گردني حصو]] سان لاڳاپيل آهي.<ref>[http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7173.html آمريڪن ميڊيڪل ايسوسيئيشن] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220035105/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7173.html |date=2007-12-20 }} تنتي نظام — تنتن جا گروپ</ref> هي تنت ريڙهه جي ڪالم مان [[گردني مهره 3]] (C3) جي مٿان واري حصي مان نڪري ٿو۔ == حوالا == {{reflist}} == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == * [https://voka.io/3d-anatomy/back/nerves/ گردني ريڙهي تنتن جو 3D انٽرايڪٽو ماڊل] {{Spinal nerves}} [[Category:ريڙهي تنت]] {{neuroanatomy-stub}} 0v5d7zxao4g956ha60593b9f59dt0n0 2 95276 373312 373139 2026-04-24T21:59:32Z Maris Dreshmanis 22098 Update babel to lv|ru-4 (remove en-3, de-1) 373312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#babel:lv|ru-4}} == Maris Dreshmanis == Open data researcher. Contributor to [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Occupations|WikiProject Occupations]] on Wikidata. * '''[[d:User:Maris Dreshmanis|Wikidata contributions]]''' — 37,400+ edits * '''GSCO''' — Global Standard Classification of Occupations (27 national registries + ESCO, 57,000+ occupation entries, 26,991 Wikidata items, 152,000+ multilingual labels across 53 languages) * '''[[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Occupations|WikiProject Occupations]]''' — coordinating occupation label enrichment in 27 source languages [[Category:Wikipedians]] 1tm661nfud90u9uzogktjy8qwfpriv4 0 95277 373196 373141 2026-04-24T15:44:01Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 4]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 4]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|گردني حصي جو ريڙهي تنت}} {{Infobox anatomy | Name = گردني ريڙهي تنت | Latin = nervi spinalis | Image = Sobo 1909 702.png | Caption = گردني ۽ بريڪيل پليڪسس جو خاڪو۔ | Image2 = Sobo 1909 611.png | Caption2 = ريڙهه جي هڏي سان گڏ ريڙهي تنت۔ | System = | Precursor = }} '''گردني ريڙهي تنت 4'''، جنهن کي '''C4''' پڻ چيو وڃي ٿو، هڪ [[ريڙهي تنت]] آهي جيڪو [[گردني مهرن]] جي حصي سان لاڳاپيل آهي۔ هي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان [[گردني مهره 4]] (C4) جي مٿان نڪري ٿو۔ هي [[فرينڪ تنت]] ۾ تنتي ريشا فراهم ڪري ٿو، جيڪو [[ٿوراسو ايبڊومينل ڊائيفرام]] (سينه ۽ پيٽ جي وچ واري عضلي) کي حرڪتي سگنل ڏئي ٿو۔ اهو پڻ هيٺين عضلن لاءِ حرڪتي تنت فراهم ڪري ٿو: * [[لونگس ڪيپيٽس عضلو]] * [[لونگس ڪولي عضلو]] * [[اسڪيلين عضلا|اڳيون اسڪيلين]] * [[اسڪيلين عضلا|وچولو اسڪيلين]] * [[ليويٽر اسڪيپولي عضلو]] C4 ڪجهه حسي ريشا پڻ [[سپرڪليوڪيولر تنت]]ن ڏانهن موڪلي ٿو، جيڪي [[ڪلائيويڪل]] (ڪالر بون) جي مٿان جلد جي حس لاءِ ذميوار آهن۔<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Sinnatamby |first=Chummy S. |title=Last's Anatomy |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7295-3752-0 |edition=12th |pages=333–335}}</ref> C4 ۽ C5 اهي علائقا آهن جتي گردني ريڙهه جي زخمن جو سڀ کان وڌيڪ امڪان ڏٺو وڃي ٿو۔<ref>[https://www.nscisc.uab.edu/PublicDocuments/reports/pdf/2012%20NSCISC%20Annual%20Statistical%20Report%20Complete%20Public%20Version.pdf 2012 ساليانو رپورٽ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222023936/https://www.nscisc.uab.edu/PublicDocuments/reports/pdf/2012%20NSCISC%20Annual%20Statistical%20Report%20Complete%20Public%20Version.pdf|date=2014-02-22}}, ٽيبل 64، صفحو 66</ref> == گيلري == <gallery> File:Slide1y.JPG|گردني ريڙهي تنت 4 File:Projectional radiograph of cervical foraminal stenosis, annotated.jpg|[[پروجيڪشنل ريڊيوگراف]] هڪ ماڻهو جي، جنهن کي [[ڳچيءَ جي پٺئين حصي]] ۽ کاٻي ڪلهي ۾ سور آهي، جنهن ۾ [[انٽرورٽيبريل فورامن]] ۾ تنگي ڏيکاريل آهي جيڪا گردني ريڙهي تنت 4 سان لاڳاپيل آهي، ۽ متاثر ٿيل [[ڊرماٽوم]] سان مطابقت رکي ٿي۔ </gallery> == حوالا == {{reflist}} {{Spinal nerves}} {{DEFAULTSORT:گردني ريڙهي تنت 4}} [[زمرو:ريڙهي تنت]] {{neuroanatomy-stub}} q584r5wnfnjh981troqxsx97zfa50bq 0 95278 373198 373142 2026-04-24T15:46:51Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 5]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 5]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|گردني حصي جو ريڙهي تنت}} {{Infobox anatomy | Name = گردني ريڙهي تنت | Latin = nervi spinalis | Image = Sobo 1909 702.png | Caption = گردني ۽ بريڪيل پليڪسس جو خاڪو۔ | Image2 = Sobo 1909 611.png | Caption2 = ريڙهه جي هڏي سان گڏ ريڙهي تنت۔ | System = | Precursor = }} '''گردني ريڙهي تنت 5''' (C5) هڪ [[ريڙهي تنت]] آهي جيڪو [[گردني حصو]] سان لاڳاپيل آهي.<ref>[http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7173.html آمريڪن ميڊيڪل ايسوسيئيشن] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220035105/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7173.html |date=2007-12-20 }} تنتي نظام — تنتن جا گروپ</ref> هي تنت [[گردني مهره 5]] (C5) جي مٿان ريڙهي ڪالم مان نڪري ٿو۔ اهو [[فرينڪ تنت]]، [[لونگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]]، ۽ [[ڊورسل اسڪيپولر تنت]] ۾ حصو ڏئي ٿو، پوءِ [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6]] سان گڏجي [[اپر ٽرنڪ]] ٺاهي ٿو، جيڪو [[بريڪيل پليڪسس]] جو حصو آهي۔ پوءِ اهو [[ليٽرل ڪارڊ]] ٺاهي ٿو، ۽ آخرڪار [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] ۾ تبديل ٿئي ٿو۔ == اضافي تصويرون == <gallery> File:Slide2y.JPG|گردني ريڙهي تنت 5 </gallery> == حوالا == {{reflist}} == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == * [https://voka.io/3d-anatomy/back/nerves/ گردني تنتن جو ورچوئل 3D اناٽاميڪل ائٽلس] {{Spinal nerves}} [[Category:ريڙهي تنت]] {{neuroanatomy-stub}} lwozed1zn46dt416ndl5bg0x5li9bq2 0 95279 373201 373143 2026-04-24T15:48:44Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 6]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 6]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|گردني حصي جو ريڙهي تنت}} {{Infobox anatomy | Name = گردني ريڙهي تنت | Latin = nervi spinalis | Image = Sobo 1909 702.png | Caption = گردني ۽ بريڪيل پليڪسس جو خاڪو۔ | Image2 = Sobo 1909 611.png | Caption2 = ريڙهه جي هڏي سان گڏ ريڙهي تنت۔ | System = | Precursor = }} '''گردني ريڙهي تنت 6''' ('''C6''') هڪ [[ريڙهي تنت]] آهي جيڪو [[گردني حصو]] سان لاڳاپيل آهي.<ref>[http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7173.html آمريڪن ميڊيڪل ايسوسيئيشن] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220035105/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7173.html |date=2007-12-20 }} تنتي نظام — تنتن جا گروپ</ref> هي تنت [[گردني مهره 6]] (C6) جي مٿان ريڙهي ڪالم مان نڪري ٿو۔ C6 تنت جي روٽ [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5]] (C5) سان گڏ هڪ گڏيل شاخ شيئر ڪري ٿي، ۽ اهو [[روٽيٽر ڪف]] ۽ [[بازو]] جي پري حصي جي ڪيترن عضلن کي تنتي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جن ۾ شامل آهن:<ref>[http://www.eatonhand.com/ner/ner029.htm اي-هينڊ، هٿ جي جراحي جو اليڪٽرانڪ ڪتاب]</ref> *[[سبڪليويوس]] *[[سپر اسپاينيٽس]] *[[انفرا اسپاينيٽس]] *[[بايسپس بريڪيائي]] *[[بريڪيالس]] *[[ڊيلٽوئڊ عضلو|ڊيلٽوئڊ]] *[[ٽيرس مائنر]] *[[بريڪيوراڊيالس]] *[[سيريٽس اينٽيرير]] *[[سب اسڪاپوليرس]] *[[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] *[[ڪوراڪو بريڪيالس]] *[[ٽيرس ميجر]] *[[سيوپينيٽر]] *[[ايڪسٽينسر ڪارپي ريڊيالس لانگس]] *[[ليٽيسيمس ڊورسي]] C6 حرڪتي نيوران کي نقصان، جيڪو دٻاءُ، [[اسڪيميا]]، [[زخم]] يا تنتي بافت جي تباهي سبب ٿئي، انهن عضلن مان هڪ يا وڌيڪ جي [[ڊينروويشن]] جو سبب بڻجي سگهي ٿو۔ عضلاتي گهٽتائي (اٽروفي) ۽ ٻيون ثانوي پيچيدگيون به پيدا ٿي سگهن ٿيون۔ == اضافي تصويرون == <gallery> File:Slide3y.JPG|گردني ريڙهي تنت 6 </gallery> == حوالا == {{reflist}} == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == * [https://voka.io/3d-anatomy/back/nerves/ گردني تنتي روٽن جي 3D انٽرايڪٽو ڏيک] {{Spinal nerves}} {{DEFAULTSORT:گردني ريڙهي تنت 6}} [[Category:ريڙهي تنت]] {{neuroanatomy-stub}} 6auxigpfp3e9be8qcsl8kq60oyl7fem 0 95280 373203 373144 2026-04-24T15:50:54Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 7]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 7]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|گردني حصي جو ريڙهي تنت}} {{Infobox anatomy | Name = گردني ريڙهي تنت | Latin = nervi spinalis | Image = Sobo 1909 702.png | Caption = گردني ۽ بريڪيل پليڪسس جو خاڪو۔ | Image2 = Sobo 1909 611.png | Caption2 = ريڙهه جي هڏي سان گڏ ريڙهي تنت۔ | System = | Precursor = }} '''گردني ريڙهي تنت 7''' (C7) هڪ [[ريڙهي تنت]] آهي جيڪو [[گردني حصو]] سان لاڳاپيل آهي.<ref>[http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7173.html آمريڪن ميڊيڪل ايسوسيئيشن] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220035105/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7173.html |date=2007-12-20 }} تنتي نظام — تنتن جا گروپ</ref> هي تنت [[گردني مهره 7]] (C7) جي مٿان ريڙهي ڪالم مان نڪري ٿو۔ هي [[گردني مهره 6]] (C6) ۽ [[گردني مهره 7]] (C7) جي وچ واري جڳهه مان گذري ٿو۔ == اضافي تصويرون == <gallery> File:Slide4y.JPG|گردني ريڙهي تنت 7 </gallery> == حوالا == {{reflist}} {{Spinal nerves}} [[Category:ريڙهي تنت]] {{neuroanatomy-stub}} 5o50z2hbq5ik46jyoxllqs5jb446yl7 0 95281 373205 373145 2026-04-24T15:52:37Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 8]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 8]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|گردني حصي جو ريڙهي تنت}} {{Infobox anatomy | Name = گردني ريڙهي تنت | Latin = nervi spinalis | Image = Sobo 1909 702.png | Caption = گردني ۽ بريڪيل پليڪسس جو خاڪو۔ | Image2 = Sobo 1909 611.png | Caption2 = ريڙهه جي هڏي سان گڏ ريڙهي تنت۔ | System = | Precursor = }} '''گردني ريڙهي تنت 8''' (C8) هڪ [[ريڙهي تنت]] آهي جيڪو [[گردني حصو]] سان لاڳاپيل آهي.<ref>[http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7173.html آمريڪن ميڊيڪل ايسوسيئيشن] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220035105/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7173.html |date=2007-12-20 }} تنتي نظام — تنتن جا گروپ</ref> هي تنت [[گردني مهره 7]] (C7) جي هيٺان ريڙهي ڪالم مان نڪري ٿو.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Luijkx |first=Tim |title=C7 vertebra |url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/c7-vertebra |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=Radiopaedia}}</ref> == تنتي فراهمي == C8 تنت [[ريڊيئل تنت]] ۽ [[النر تنت]] جو حصو بڻجي ٿو [[بريڪيل پليڪسس]] ذريعي، ۽ تنهن ڪري [[مٿيون عضون]] ۾ حرڪتي ۽ حسي ڪم سرانجام ڏئي ٿو۔ === حسي === C8 تنت [[حسي تنتي ريشا]] حاصل ڪري ٿو C8 [[ڊرماٽوم]] مان۔ هن ۾ [[ننڍي آڱر]] جي سڄي جلد شامل آهي، ۽ کلائي کان مٿي هٿ ۽ اڳيان بازو جي کجي ۽ پٺئين حصي تائين پکڙيل هوندي آهي۔<ref name="grays">Drake et al. Gray's Anatomy for Students. Second Edition (2010).</ref> طبي طور ننڍي آڱر جي ڇيڙي کي جانچڻ C8 جي سٺي حالت کي پرکڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي۔<ref name="uqclinical">Aland et al. University of Queensland School of Medicine Clinical Skills Handbook 2010</ref> === حرڪتي === C8 تنت ڪيترن ئي عضلن کي حرڪتي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، خاص طور تي آڱرين کي موڙڻ (flexion) ان جو اهم ڪم آهي۔ اهو پڻ ڪلينڪي جاچ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي (فنگر جرڪ ريفليڪس سان گڏ).<ref name="uqclinical" /> ==== ڌڙ ==== * ''[[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] — ميڊيل ۽ ليٽرل پيڪٽورل تنت ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5]]، [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6]]، [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8، [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]])'' * [[پيڪٽورالس مائنر]] — ميڊيل پيڪٽورل تنت ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5]]، [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6]]، [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8، [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]]) * ''[[ليٽيسيمس ڊورسي]] — [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6]]، [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8)'' ==== مٿيون بازو ==== * ''[[ٽرائيسپس بريڪيائي]] — [[ريڊيئل تنت]] ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6]]، [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8)'' ==== اڳيون بازو ==== * [[فليڪسر ڪارپي النارس]] — [[النر تنت]] ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8، [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]]) * [[پالمارس لونگس]] — [[ميڊين تنت]] ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8) * [[فليڪسر ڊيجيٽورم سپرفيشيلس]] — ميڊين تنت (C8، [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]]) * [[فليڪسر ڊيجيٽورم پروفنڊس]] — ميڊين ۽ النر تنت (C8، [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]]) * [[فليڪسر پوليسس لونگس]] — ميڊين تنت ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8) * [[پرو نيٽر ڪوڊريٽس]] — ميڊين تنت ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8) * ''[[ايڪسٽينسر ڪارپي ريڊيالس بريوس]] — ريڊيئل تنت جي ڊيپ شاخ ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8)'' * ''[[ايڪسٽينسر ڊيجيٽورم]] — پوسٽيرير انٽيروسيوس تنت ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8)'' * ''[[ايڪسٽينسر ڊيجيٽي مائنمي]] — پوسٽيرير انٽيروسيوس تنت ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8)'' * ''[[ايڪسٽينسر ڪارپي النارس]] — پوسٽيرير انٽيروسيوس تنت ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8)'' * ''[[انڪونيوس]] — ريڊيئل تنت ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6]]، [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8)'' * ''[[ايبڊڪٽر پوليسس لونگس]] — پوسٽيرير انٽيروسيوس تنت ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8)'' * ''[[ايڪسٽينسر پوليسس بريوس]] — پوسٽيرير انٽيروسيوس تنت ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8)'' * ''[[ايڪسٽينسر پوليسس لونگس]] — پوسٽيرير انٽيروسيوس تنت ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8)'' * ''[[ايڪسٽينسر انڊيسس]] — پوسٽيرير انٽيروسيوس تنت ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]]، C8)'' ==== هٿ ==== * ''[[پالمارس بريوس]] — النر تنت جي سرفيشيل شاخ (C8، [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]])'' * ''[[ڊورسل انٽيروسي عضلا]] — النر تنت جي ڊيپ شاخ (C8، [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]])'' * ''[[پالمار انٽيروسي]] — النر تنت جي ڊيپ شاخ (C8، [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]])'' * ''[[ايڊڪٽر پوليسس]] — النر تنت جي ڊيپ شاخ (C8، [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]])'' * ''[[لمبريڪل عضلا]] — النر تنت جي ڊيپ شاخ، ميڊين تنت جون ڊجيٽل شاخون'' * ''[[اوپوننس پوليسس]] — ميڊين تنت جي ريڪررنٽ شاخ (C8، [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]])'' * ''[[ايبڊڪٽر پوليسس بريوس]] — ميڊين تنت جي ريڪررنٽ شاخ (C8، [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]])'' * ''[[فليڪسر پوليسس بريوس]] — ميڊين تنت جي ريڪررنٽ شاخ (C8، [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]])'' * ''[[اوپوننس ڊيجيٽي مائنمي]] — النر تنت جي ڊيپ شاخ (C8، [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]])'' * ''[[ايبڊڪٽر ڊيجيٽي مائنمي]] — النر تنت جي ڊيپ شاخ (C8، [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]])'' * ''[[فليڪسر ڊيجيٽي مائنمي بريوس]] — النر تنت جي ڊيپ شاخ (C8، [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]])'' == اضافي تصويرون == <gallery> File:Slide5y.JPG|گردني ريڙهي تنت 8 </gallery> == حوالا == <references /> == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == * [https://voka.io/3d-anatomy/back/nerves/ گردني ريڙهي تنتن ۽ ڀرپاسي بناوتن جو 3D ماڊل] {{Spinal nerves}} {{DEFAULTSORT:گردني ريڙهي تنت 8}} [[Category:ريڙهي تنت]] dyzfd9ko6njxxrdb8vi17fp3p9mk2x5 0 95282 373258 373149 2026-04-24T19:11:56Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل پليڪسس]] کي [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|ڳچيءَ ۾ تنتن جو ڄار}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = گردني تنتي ڄار | Latin = plexus cervicalis | Image = Gray784.png | Caption = ٽرائيجيمينل تنت جي ڊرماٽوم ورڇ (سطحي گردني تنتي ڄار واڱڻائي رنگ ۾ هيٺان وچ تي ڏيکاريل آهي) | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = [[گردني تنتون|C1-C4]] | BranchTo = }} '''گردني تنتي ڄار''' ('''Cervical Plexus''') ([[پلڪسس]]) اڳيان شاخن جو هڪ تنتي ڄار آهي، جيڪو پهرين چئن [[گردني ريڙهي تنت|گردني ريڙھي تنتن]] (C1–C4) مان ٺهندو آهي.<ref name=":224">{{Cite book |last=Standring |first=Susan |title=Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-7020-7707-4 |edition=42nd |location=New York |pages=595–596 |oclc=1201341621}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Donofrio|first1=P. D.|title=Neuropathies, Iatrogenic|date=2014-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123851574006795|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (Second Edition)|pages=481–484|editor-last=Aminoff|editor-first=Michael J.|place=Oxford|publisher=Academic Press|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-385157-4.00679-5|isbn=978-0-12-385158-1}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Cesmebasi|first=Alper|title=Chapter 31 - Anatomy of the Cervical Plexus and Its Branches|date=2015-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124103900000329|work=Nerves and Nerve Injuries|pages=441–449|editor-last=Tubbs|editor-first=R. Shane|place=San Diego|publisher=Academic Press|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00032-9|isbn=978-0-12-410390-0}}</ref> هي ڄار ڳچيءَ جي ڪجهه ڏورن ۽ [[ٿوراڪو ايبڊومينل ڊائيفرام]] کي حرڪت فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، ۽ مٿي، ڳچي ۽ سيني جي ڪجهه حصن کي حسي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو.<ref name=":224" /> == اناٽامي == هي تنتي ڄار ٽيڙھين ھڏين جي پاسي تي واقع هوندو آهي، جتي اهو وچين طرف اڳ وارن ريڙھي ڏورن ۽ ٻاهرين طرف وارن ريڙھي ڏورن (m. [[اسڪيلين ڏورا|اسڪيلينس]]، m. [[ليويٽر اسڪاپولي]]، m. [[اسپلينيوس سرويائسس]]) جي وچ ۾ هوندو آهي۔ هن جو رابطو [[ايڪسيسري تنت]]، [[هائيپوگلاسل تنت]] ۽ [[سمپٿٽڪ ٽرنڪ]] سان هوندو آهي۔ اهو [[ڳچي]] ۾ [[اسٽرنوڪليڊوماسٽوئڊ ڏورو|اسٽرنوڪليڊوماسٽوئڊ ڏوري]] جي هيٺان واقع هوندو آهي۔<ref>{{Citation|last1=Moskovitz|first1=Joshua B.|title=Chapter 11 - Regional Nerve Blocks of the Head and Neck|date=2015-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124103900000111|work=Nerves and Nerve Injuries|pages=147–151|editor-last=Tubbs|editor-first=R. Shane|place=San Diego|publisher=Academic Press|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00011-1|isbn=978-0-12-410390-0}}</ref> هن جون شاخون [[پوسٽيرير ٽرائنگل]] مان نڪرنديون آهن، خاص ڪري [[ايرب جو نقطو|ايرب جي نقطي]] (Erb’s point) تي، جيڪو اسٽرنوڪليڊوماسٽوئڊ جي پٺئين ڪناري جي وچ تي هوندو آهي۔ === لاڳاپا === هي ڄار [[اسٽرنوڪليڊوماسٽوئڊ ڏورو|اسٽرنوڪليڊوماسٽوئڊ ڏوري]]، [[انٽرنل جگولر رڳ]] ۽ [[ڊيپ سروائڪل فاشيا]] جي هيٺان واقع هوندو آهي۔<ref name=":224" /> اهو [[وچون اسڪيلين ڏورو|وچين اسڪيلين ڏوري]] ۽ [[ليويٽر اسڪاپولي ڏورو|ليويٽر اسڪاپولي ڏوري]] جي اڳيان هوندو آهي۔<ref name=":224" /> === شاخون === گردني تنتي ڄار جون ٻن قسم جون شاخون هونديون آهن: [[چمڙي واري گردني تنتي ڄار جي شاخ|چمڙي واري (ڪٽينيئس)]] ۽ ڏورن واري شاخ۔<ref name=":0" /> * چمڙي واريون شاخون (4): ** [[ليسَر آڪسيپيٽل تنت]] — ڪن جي پٺيان ۽ مٿي واري چمڙي کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي (C2) ** [[گريٽر اوريڪيولر تنت]] — ڪن جي ڀرپاسي چمڙي کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي (C2–C3) ** [[ٽرانسورس سرويائڪل تنت]] — ڳچيءَ جي اڳئين حصي کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي (C2–C3) ** [[سُپراڪلاويڪيولر تنتون]] — ڪلاويڪل جي مٿان ۽ هيٺان چمڙي کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون (C3–C4) * ڏورن جون شاخون: ** [[انسا سروائڪلس]] — C1–C3 مان ٺهيل لوپ، جيڪا هائيوئڊ ھڏي جي ھيٺان ڏورن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي (جهڙوڪ [[اسٽرنوٿائيروئڊ]]، [[اسٽرنو هائيوئڊ]]، [[او موهائيوئڊ]]) ** [[ٿائيرو هائيوئڊ شاخ]] — C1 مان نڪرندڙ ريشا جيڪي [[هائيپوگلاسل تنت]] سان گڏ هلن ٿا ۽ [[ٿائيرو هائيوئڊ ڏورو|ٿائيرو هائيوئڊ ڏوري]] ۽ [[جينيئو هائيوئڊ ڏورو|جينيئو هائيوئڊ ڏوري]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿا ** [[فرينڪ تنت]] (C3–C5، خاص طور C4) — [[ٿوراڪو ايبڊومينل ڊائيفرام]] ۽ [[پيري ڪارڊيم]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي ** سيگمينٽل شاخون (C1–C4) — [[اسڪيلين ڏورا|اسڪيلين ڏورن]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون ** [[ليويٽر اسڪاپولي ڏورو]] (C3–C4) — (ساڳئي وقت [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] (C5) سان به) == خاڪو == [[File:Cervical plexus.PNG|center|650px]] == اضافي تصويرون == <gallery> Image:Gray804.png|گردني تنتي ڄار جو خاڪو Image:Gray805.png|مٿي، منھن ۽ ڳچيءَ جون تنتون Image:Gray838.png|ساڄي سمپٿٽڪ زنجير ۽ ان جا رابطا Image:Gray1210.png|ڳچيءَ جو پاسو، مکيه نشانين سان </gallery> == حوالا == <references /> == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == * {{SUNYAnatomyFigs|25|03|02}} - "گردني تنتي ڄار جو خاڪو" * {{MedicalMnemonics|268|||}} * [http://kobiljak.msu.edu/cai/ANT551/Unit02/Topic04/U2_L4_O6.html خاڪو] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603153001/http://kobiljak.msu.edu/cai/ANT551/Unit02/Topic04/U2_L4_O6.html |date=2019-06-03 }} {{Spinal nerves}} {{Cervical plexus}} {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:تنتي ڄار]] [[زمرو:ريڙهي تنت]] [[زمرو:مٿي ۽ ڳچيءَ جون تنتون]] [[زمرو:ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] c2z0wds6k37osmk7ve8iq5w7i7e2gvy 0 95285 373152 2026-04-24T12:11:42Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{مختصر وضاحت|تنتن جو ڄار}} {{Infobox nerve |Name = براڪيئل تنتي ڄار |Location = |Function = تنتن جو ڄار (تنتي [[پلڪسس]]) جيڪو ٻانهن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ |Latin = plexus brachialis |Image = Gray808.png |Caption = ساڄي براڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنهنجي ننڍين شاخن سان، سامهون کان ڏيکاريل |Image2 = PLEXUS BRACHIALIS.jpg |C... 373152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|تنتن جو ڄار}} {{Infobox nerve |Name = براڪيئل تنتي ڄار |Location = |Function = تنتن جو ڄار (تنتي [[پلڪسس]]) جيڪو ٻانهن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ |Latin = plexus brachialis |Image = Gray808.png |Caption = ساڄي براڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنهنجي ننڍين شاخن سان، سامهون کان ڏيکاريل |Image2 = PLEXUS BRACHIALIS.jpg |Caption2 = ڄار جون پاڙون، ٽرنڪ ۽ ڪنڊ هڪ ڪٽيل [[ڪڊيور|ڪڊيوري]] نموني ۾ ڏيکاريل }} '''براڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' تنتن جو هڪ ڄار ([[تنتي ڄار]]) آهي، جيڪو [[اڳيان شاخون]] مان ٺهي ٿو، جيڪي هيٺين چار [[ريڙهي تنت#گردني تنتون|گردني تنت]] ۽ پهرين [[ريڙهي تنت#ٿوريڪڪ تنتون|ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] (C5، C6، C7، C8، ۽ T1) مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هي ڄار [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان نڪري [[گردني-بغلي رستو]] ذريعي ڳچي مان گذري، پهرين پسلي مٿان ٿيندي [[بغل]] تائين پهچي ٿو، ۽ [[حسي تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي تنتي ريشا]] کي [[سينو]]، [[ڪلهو]]، [[ٻانهن]]، [[ٻانهن جو هيٺيون حصو]] ۽ [[هٿ]] تائين فراهم ڪري ٿو۔ == بناوٽ == براڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي پنج ''پاڙون''، ٽي ''ٽرنڪ''، ڇهه ''ورهاستون''، ٽي ''ڪنڊ'' ۽ پنج ''شاخون'' ۾ ورهايو وڃي ٿو۔ ياد رکڻ لاءِ هڪ مشهور جملو آهي: **R**oot، **T**runk، **D**ivision، **C**ord، **B**ranch۔ === پاڙون === پنج '''پاڙون''' اصل ۾ پنج [[اڳيان بنيادي شاخون]] آهن جيڪي [[ريڙهي تنت]] مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ اهي C5، C6، C7، C8 ۽ T1 آهن۔ C5 ۽ C6 گڏ ٿي مٿيون ٽرنڪ ٺاهين ٿا، C7 وچولو ٽرنڪ بڻجي ٿو، ۽ C8 ۽ T1 گڏ ٿي هيٺيون ٽرنڪ ٺاهين ٿا۔ [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] مٿئين ٽرنڪ مان نڪري [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا]] ۽ [[ليويٽر اسڪاپولي]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] C5–C7 مان نڪري [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر]] ڏوري کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ === ٽرنڪ === * مٿيون ٽرنڪ (C5–C6) * وچولو ٽرنڪ (C7) * هيٺيون ٽرنڪ (C8–T1) === ورهاستون === هر ٽرنڪ ٻه حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو: * اڳيون ورهاستون * پٺيون ورهاستون === ڪنڊ === اهي ورهاستون گڏ ٿي ٽي ڪنڊ ٺاهين ٿيون: * [[پٺيون ڪنڊ]] * [[پاسي وارو ڪنڊ]] * [[وچ وارو ڪنڊ]] === شاخون === آخري پنج اهم شاخون آهن: * [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] * [[ايڪسيلري تنت]] * [[ريڊيئل تنت]] * [[ميڊين تنت]] * [[النر تنت]] == ڪم == براڪيئل تنتي ڄار ٻانهن جي چمڙي ۽ ڏورن کي تنتي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، سواءِ: * [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو]] (جيڪو [[اسپائنل ايڪسيسري تنت]] مان) * بغل جي ڪجهه چمڙي (جيڪا [[انٽرڪوسٽو براڪيئل تنت]] مان) هي ڄار [[سمپٿٽڪ ٽرنڪ]] سان به ڳنڍيل هوندو آهي۔ == طبي اهميت == === زخم === [[File:Brachial Plexus Injury during Motorcycle accident.jpg|thumb|موٽر سائيڪل حادثي ۾ براڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمي ٿيڻ جو مثال]] [[براڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم]] ٻانهن جي حرڪت يا حس کي متاثر ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ اهو عام طور تي تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن: * ڪلهو هيٺ دٻجي وڃي * مٿو مٿي ڇڪجي وڃي ان سان تنتون ڇڄي يا ڇڪي سگهن ٿيون۔ نئون ڄاول ٻارن ۾ به اهڙو زخم ٿي سگهي ٿو، خاص طور تي ڄمڻ وقت ڳچيءَ جي وڌيڪ ڇڪجڻ سبب۔ === علامتون === * فالج * سن ٿي وڃڻ * ڪمزوري * درد مٿين حصي جي زخمن ۾ C5 ۽ C6 متاثر ٿين ٿا، جڏهن ته هيٺين زخمن ۾ هٿ جي ننڍن ڏورن تي اثر پوي ٿو۔ === ٻين حالتن ۾ === * شديد درد (خاص طور ڪلهي ۾) * هٿ ۾ سُنپڻ * سوڄ ۽ ڪمزوري ڊگهي وقت تائين هٿ مٿي رکڻ (مثلاً ڪم دوران) به اهڙي تڪليف جو سبب بڻجي سگهي ٿو۔ scyqptoki0pm8fvgokkgfh6o5qojbvp 373156 373152 2026-04-24T12:15:33Z Intisar Ali 8681 373156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|تنتن جو ڄار}} {{Infobox nerve |Name = بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار |Location = |Function = تنتن جو ڄار (تنتي [[پلڪسس]]) جيڪو ٻانهن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ |Latin = plexus brachialis |Image = Gray808.png |Caption = ساڄي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنهنجي ننڍين شاخن سان، سامهون کان ڏيکاريل |Image2 = PLEXUS BRACHIALIS.jpg |Caption2 = ڄار جون پاڙون، ٽرنڪ ۽ ڪنڊ هڪ ڪٽيل [[ڪڊيور|ڪڊيوري]] نموني ۾ ڏيکاريل }} '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' تنتن جو هڪ ڄار ([[تنتي ڄار]]) آهي، جيڪو [[اڳيان شاخون]] مان ٺهي ٿو، جيڪي هيٺين چار [[ريڙهي تنت#گردني تنتون|گردني تنت]] ۽ پهرين [[ريڙهي تنت#ٿوريڪڪ تنتون|ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] (C5، C6، C7، C8، ۽ T1) مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هي ڄار [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان نڪري [[گردني-بغلي رستو]] ذريعي ڳچي مان گذري، پهرين پسلي مٿان ٿيندي [[بغل]] تائين پهچي ٿو، ۽ [[حسي تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي تنتي ريشا]] کي [[سينو]]، [[ڪلهو]]، [[ٻانهن]]، [[ٻانهن جو هيٺيون حصو]] ۽ [[هٿ]] تائين فراهم ڪري ٿو۔ == بناوٽ == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي پنج ''پاڙون''، ٽي ''ٽرنڪ''، ڇهه ''ورهاستون''، ٽي ''ڪنڊ'' ۽ پنج ''شاخون'' ۾ ورهايو وڃي ٿو۔ ياد رکڻ لاءِ هڪ مشهور جملو آهي: **R**oot، **T**runk، **D**ivision، **C**ord، **B**ranch۔ === پاڙون === پنج '''پاڙون''' اصل ۾ پنج [[اڳيان بنيادي شاخون]] آهن جيڪي [[ريڙهي تنت]] مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ اهي C5، C6، C7، C8 ۽ T1 آهن۔ C5 ۽ C6 گڏ ٿي مٿيون ٽرنڪ ٺاهين ٿا، C7 وچولو ٽرنڪ بڻجي ٿو، ۽ C8 ۽ T1 گڏ ٿي هيٺيون ٽرنڪ ٺاهين ٿا۔ [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] مٿئين ٽرنڪ مان نڪري [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا]] ۽ [[ليويٽر اسڪاپولي]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] C5–C7 مان نڪري [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر]] ڏوري کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ === ٽرنڪ === * مٿيون ٽرنڪ (C5–C6) * وچولو ٽرنڪ (C7) * هيٺيون ٽرنڪ (C8–T1) === ورهاستون === هر ٽرنڪ ٻه حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو: * اڳيون ورهاستون * پٺيون ورهاستون === ڪنڊ === اهي ورهاستون گڏ ٿي ٽي ڪنڊ ٺاهين ٿيون: * [[پٺيون ڪنڊ]] * [[پاسي وارو ڪنڊ]] * [[وچ وارو ڪنڊ]] === شاخون === آخري پنج اهم شاخون آهن: * [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] * [[ايڪسيلري تنت]] * [[ريڊيئل تنت]] * [[ميڊين تنت]] * [[النر تنت]] == ڪم == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار ٻانهن جي چمڙي ۽ ڏورن کي تنتي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، سواءِ: * [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو]] (جيڪو [[اسپائنل ايڪسيسري تنت]] مان) * بغل جي ڪجهه چمڙي (جيڪا [[انٽرڪوسٽو براڪيئل تنت]] مان) هي ڄار [[سمپٿٽڪ ٽرنڪ]] سان به ڳنڍيل هوندو آهي۔ == طبي اهميت == === زخم === [[File:Brachial Plexus Injury during Motorcycle accident.jpg|thumb|موٽر سائيڪل حادثي ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمي ٿيڻ جو مثال]] [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم]] ٻانهن جي حرڪت يا حس کي متاثر ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ اهو عام طور تي تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن: * ڪلهو هيٺ دٻجي وڃي * مٿو مٿي ڇڪجي وڃي ان سان تنتون ڇڄي يا ڇڪي سگهن ٿيون۔ نئون ڄاول ٻارن ۾ به اهڙو زخم ٿي سگهي ٿو، خاص طور تي ڄمڻ وقت ڳچيءَ جي وڌيڪ ڇڪجڻ سبب۔ === علامتون === * فالج * سن ٿي وڃڻ * ڪمزوري * درد مٿين حصي جي زخمن ۾ C5 ۽ C6 متاثر ٿين ٿا، جڏهن ته هيٺين زخمن ۾ هٿ جي ننڍن ڏورن تي اثر پوي ٿو۔ === ٻين حالتن ۾ === * شديد درد (خاص طور ڪلهي ۾) * هٿ ۾ سُنپڻ * سوڄ ۽ ڪمزوري ڊگهي وقت تائين هٿ مٿي رکڻ (مثلاً ڪم دوران) به اهڙي تڪليف جو سبب بڻجي سگهي ٿو۔ 5k9bsdfy1hpb301n7p2iv0nd5zqx4mc 373160 373156 2026-04-24T12:23:05Z Intisar Ali 8681 373160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|تنتن جو ڄار}} {{Infobox nerve |Name = بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار |Location = |Function = تنتن جو ڄار (تنتي [[پلڪسس]]) جيڪو ٻانهن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ |Latin = plexus brachialis |Image = Gray808.png |Caption = ساڄي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنهنجي ننڍين شاخن سان، سامهون کان ڏيکاريل |Image2 = PLEXUS BRACHIALIS.jpg |Caption2 = ڄار جون پاڙون، ٽرنڪ ۽ ڪنڊ هڪ ڪٽيل [[ڪڊيور|ڪڊيوري]] نموني ۾ ڏيکاريل }} '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' تنتن جو هڪ ڄار ([[تنتي ڄار]]) آهي، جيڪو [[اڳيان شاخون]] مان ٺهي ٿو، جيڪي هيٺين چار [[ريڙهي تنت#گردني تنتون|گردني تنت]] ۽ پهرين [[ريڙهي تنت#ٿوريڪڪ تنتون|ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] (C5، C6، C7، C8، ۽ T1) مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هي ڄار [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان نڪري [[گردني-بغلي رستو|گردني-بغلي رستي]] ذريعي ڳچي مان گذري، پهرين پاسيري مٿان ٿيندي [[بغل]] تائين پهچي ٿو، ۽ [[حسي تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي تنتي ريشي]] کي [[سينو|سيني]]، [[ڪلھو|ڪلھي]]، [[ٻانھن]]، [[ٻانهن جو هيٺيون حصو|ٻانھن جي ھيٺين حصي]] ۽ [[هٿ]] تائين فراهم ڪري ٿو۔ == بناوٽ == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي پنج ''پاڙون''، ٽي ''ٽرنڪ''، ڇهه ''ورهاستون''، ٽي ''ڪنڊ'' ۽ پنج ''شاخون'' ۾ ورهايو وڃي ٿو۔ ياد رکڻ لاءِ هڪ مشهور جملو آهي: **R**oot، **T**runk، **D**ivision، **C**ord، **B**ranch۔ === پاڙون === پنج '''پاڙون''' اصل ۾ پنج [[اڳيان بنيادي شاخون]] آهن جيڪي [[ريڙهي تنت]] مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ اهي C5، C6، C7، C8 ۽ T1 آهن۔ C5 ۽ C6 گڏ ٿي مٿيون ٽرنڪ ٺاهين ٿا، C7 وچولو ٽرنڪ بڻجي ٿو، ۽ C8 ۽ T1 گڏ ٿي هيٺيون ٽرنڪ ٺاهين ٿا۔ [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] مٿئين ٽرنڪ مان نڪري [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا]] ۽ [[ليويٽر اسڪاپولي]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] C5–C7 مان نڪري [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر]] ڏوري کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ === ٽرنڪ === * مٿيون ٽرنڪ (C5–C6) * وچولو ٽرنڪ (C7) * هيٺيون ٽرنڪ (C8–T1) === ورهاستون === هر ٽرنڪ ٻه حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو: * اڳيون ورهاستون * پٺيون ورهاستون === ڪنڊ === اهي ورهاستون گڏ ٿي ٽي ڪنڊ ٺاهين ٿيون: * [[پٺيون ڪنڊ]] * [[پاسي وارو ڪنڊ]] * [[وچ وارو ڪنڊ]] === شاخون === آخري پنج اهم شاخون آهن: * [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] * [[ايڪسيلري تنت]] * [[ريڊيئل تنت]] * [[ميڊين تنت]] * [[النر تنت]] == ڪم == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار ٻانهن جي چمڙي ۽ ڏورن کي تنتي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، سواءِ: * [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو]] (جيڪو [[اسپائنل ايڪسيسري تنت]] مان) * بغل جي ڪجهه چمڙي (جيڪا [[انٽرڪوسٽو براڪيئل تنت]] مان) هي ڄار [[سمپٿٽڪ ٽرنڪ]] سان به ڳنڍيل هوندو آهي۔ == طبي اهميت == === زخم === [[File:Brachial Plexus Injury during Motorcycle accident.jpg|thumb|موٽر سائيڪل حادثي ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمي ٿيڻ جو مثال]] [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم]] ٻانهن جي حرڪت يا حس کي متاثر ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ اهو عام طور تي تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن: * ڪلهو هيٺ دٻجي وڃي * مٿو مٿي ڇڪجي وڃي ان سان تنتون ڇڄي يا ڇڪي سگهن ٿيون۔ نئون ڄاول ٻارن ۾ به اهڙو زخم ٿي سگهي ٿو، خاص طور تي ڄمڻ وقت ڳچيءَ جي وڌيڪ ڇڪجڻ سبب۔ === علامتون === * فالج * سن ٿي وڃڻ * ڪمزوري * درد مٿين حصي جي زخمن ۾ C5 ۽ C6 متاثر ٿين ٿا، جڏهن ته هيٺين زخمن ۾ هٿ جي ننڍن ڏورن تي اثر پوي ٿو۔ === ٻين حالتن ۾ === * شديد درد (خاص طور ڪلهي ۾) * هٿ ۾ سُنپڻ * سوڄ ۽ ڪمزوري ڊگهي وقت تائين هٿ مٿي رکڻ (مثلاً ڪم دوران) به اهڙي تڪليف جو سبب بڻجي سگهي ٿو۔ 23a88bmd4apncsvxjjwjss6h4ph93x7 373161 373160 2026-04-24T12:24:41Z Intisar Ali 8681 373161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|تنتن جو ڄار}} {{Infobox nerve |Name = بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار |Location = |Function = تنتن جو ڄار (تنتي [[پلڪسس]]) جيڪو ٻانهن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ |Latin = plexus brachialis |Image = Gray808.png |Caption = ساڄي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنهنجي ننڍين شاخن سان، سامهون کان ڏيکاريل |Image2 = PLEXUS BRACHIALIS.jpg |Caption2 = ڄار جون پاڙون، ٽرنڪ ۽ ڪنڊ هڪ ڪٽيل [[ڪڊيور|ڪڊيوري]] نموني ۾ ڏيکاريل }} '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' تنتن جو هڪ ڄار ([[تنتي ڄار]]) آهي، جيڪو [[اڳيان شاخون]] مان ٺهي ٿو، جيڪي هيٺين چار [[ريڙهي تنت#گردني تنتون|گردني تنت]] ۽ پهرين [[ريڙهي تنت#ٿوريڪڪ تنتون|ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] (C5، C6، C7، C8، ۽ T1) مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هي ڄار [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان نڪري [[گردني-بغلي رستو|گردني-بغلي رستي]] ذريعي ڳچي مان گذري، پهرين پاسيري مٿان ٿيندي [[بغل]] تائين پهچي ٿو، ۽ [[حسي تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي تنتي ريشي]] کي [[سينو|سيني]]، [[ڪلھو|ڪلھي]]، [[ٻانھن]]، [[ٻانهن جو هيٺيون حصو|ٻانھن جي ھيٺين حصي]] ۽ [[هٿ]] تائين فراهم ڪري ٿو۔ == بناوٽ == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي پنج ''پاڙون''، ٽي ''ٽرنڪ''، ڇهه ''ورهاستون'' (ٽي اڳيون ۽ ٽي پٺيون)، ٽي ''ڪنڊ'' ۽ پنج ''شاخون'' ۾ ورهايو وڃي ٿو۔ پنج "آخري" شاخون هونديون آهن ۽ ڪيترين ٻين "اڳ-آخري" يا "ساٿي" شاخون به هونديون آهن، جهڙوڪ [[سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]]، [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] ۽ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]]، جيڪي ڄار مان مختلف هنڌن تي نڪرنديون آهن۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy">{{cite book|last1=Kawai|first1=H|last2=Kawabata|first2=H|title=Brachial Plexus Palsy|date=2000|publisher=World Scientific|location=Singapore|isbn=9810231393|pages=6, 20}}</ref><ref name="Anatomy and Physiology">{{cite book|last1=Saladin|first1=Kenneth|title=Anatomy and Physiology|date=2015|publisher=McGraw Hill|location=New York|isbn=9789814646437|pages=489–491|edition=7}}</ref> ڪڊيور (مئل جسم) جي تشريح ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ هڪ عام بناوٽ M يا W جي شڪل هوندي آهي، جيڪا [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، پاسي واري ڪنڊ، [[ميڊين تنت]]، وچ واري ڪنڊ ۽ [[النر تنت]] مان ٺهندي آهي۔ هن بناوٽ کي ياد رکڻ لاءِ هڪ آسان جملو آهي: '''R'''oot (پاڙ)، '''T'''runk (ٽرنڪ)، '''D'''ivision (ورهاست)، '''C'''ord (ڪنڊ)، '''B'''ranch (شاخ) === پاڙون === پنج '''پاڙون''' اصل ۾ پنج [[اڳيان بنيادي شاخون]] آهن، جيڪي [[ريڙهي تنت]] مان نڪرنديون آهن، جڏهن اهي اڳ ۾ ئي [[ڳچي]] جي ڏورن کي پنهنجو حصو ڏئي چڪيون هونديون آهن۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنج سطحن تي نڪري ٿو: C5، C6، C7، C8 ۽ T1۔ C5 ۽ C6 گڏ ٿي مٿيون ٽرنڪ ٺاهين ٿا، C7 وچولو ٽرنڪ بڻجي ٿو، جڏهن ته C8 ۽ T1 گڏ ٿي هيٺيون ٽرنڪ ٺاهين ٿا۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هن ۾ تبديليون به ٿينديون آهن، جهڙوڪ C4 يا T2 جي شموليت۔ [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] مٿئين ٽرنڪ مان نڪري [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪي اسڪاپولا کي پوئتي ڇڪين ٿا۔ [[سبڪليووين تنت]] C5 ۽ C6 مان نڪري [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو ساهه کڻڻ دوران پهرين پسلي کي مٿي کڻڻ ۾ مدد ڪري ٿو۔ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] C5، C6 ۽ C7 مان نڪري [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏورو]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو اسڪاپولا کي ٻاهر طرف کڻي وڃي ٿو۔ === ٽرنڪ === اهي پاڙون گڏ ٿي '''ٽرنڪ''' ٺاهين ٿيون: * "[[مٿيون ٽرنڪ|مٿيون]]" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]–[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]) * "وچولو" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]]) * "هيٺيون" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 8|C8]]–[[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1|T1]]) === ورهاستون === هر ٽرنڪ ٻه حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو، جن مان ڇهه '''ورهاستون''' ٺهن ٿيون: * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٽرنڪ جون اڳيون ورهاستون * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٽرنڪ جون پٺيون ورهاستون اناٽامي جي حالت ۾، اڳيون ورهاستون پٺين کان مٿاهيون (سطحي) هونديون آهن۔ === ڪنڊ === اهي ڇهه ورهاستون ٻيهر گڏ ٿي ٽي '''ڪنڊ''' (وڏا ريشيدار گُچ) ٺاهين ٿيون۔ ڪنڊن جا نالا [[بغلي واري شريان]] جي لحاظ سان رکيا ويا آهن: * ''[[پٺيون ڪنڊ]]'' — ٽنهي پٺين ورهاستن مان ٺهيل (C5–C8، T1) * ''[[پاسي وارو ڪنڊ]]'' — مٿين ۽ وچولي ٽرنڪ جي اڳين ورهاستن مان (C5–C7) * ''[[وچ وارو ڪنڊ]]'' — هيٺين ٽرنڪ جي اڳين ورهاست جو تسلسل (C8، T1) === خاڪو === {{Brachial plexus diagram}} {{Clear}} === شاخون === '''شاخون''' هيٺ ڏنل آهن۔ گهڻيون شاخون ڪنڊن مان نڪرنديون آهن، پر ڪجهه شاخون سڌو اڳين بناوٽن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ کاٻي پاسي واريون پنج شاخون "آخري شاخون" سڏجن ٿيون: * [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] * [[ايڪسيلري تنت]] * [[ريڊيئل تنت]] * [[ميڊين تنت]] * [[النر تنت]] [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] ۽ [[ميڊين تنت]] پاسي واري ڪنڊ مان نڪرڻ سبب هڪ ٻئي سان گهڻو لاڳاپيل هونديون آهن، ۽ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هڪ ٻئي ڏانهن شاخ به موڪلينديون آهن۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy"/> شاخن جي بناوٽ ۾ مختلف تبديليون به ڏٺيون ويون آهن، پر اهي تمام گهٽ ٿينديون آهن۔<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Goel|first1=Shivi|last2=Rustagi|first2=SM|last3=Kumar|first3=A|last4=Mehta|first4=V|last5=Suri|first5=RK|title=Multiple unilateral variations in medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus and their branches|journal=Anatomy & Cell Biology|date=Mar 13, 2014|volume=47|issue=1|pages=77–80|doi=10.5115/acb.2014.47.1.77|pmc=3968270|pmid=24693486}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yadav |first1=Yash |last2=Ray |first2=Rahul |last3=Mohsin |first3=Azmi |last4=Arora |first4=Shashwat |last5=Alauddin |first5=Waqas |last6=Prajesh |first6=Brishabh |last7=Singh |first7=Ishita |date=October 15, 2025 |title=Anatomical Variation in the Formation of the Median Nerve With Triple and Quadruple Roots of Origin: A Cadaveric Case Report |url=https://www.cureus.com/articles/423428-anatomical-variation-in-the-formation-of-the-median-nerve-with-triple-and-quadruple-roots-of-origin-a-cadaveric-case-report#!/ |journal=Cureus |volume=17 |issue=10 |doi=10.7759/cureus.94612 |doi-access=free |pmc=12616203 }}</ref> == ڪم == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار ٻانهن جي چمڙي ۽ ڏورن کي تنتي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، سواءِ: * [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو]] (جيڪو [[اسپائنل ايڪسيسري تنت]] مان) * بغل جي ڪجهه چمڙي (جيڪا [[انٽرڪوسٽو براڪيئل تنت]] مان) هي ڄار [[سمپٿٽڪ ٽرنڪ]] سان به ڳنڍيل هوندو آهي۔ == طبي اهميت == === زخم === [[File:Brachial Plexus Injury during Motorcycle accident.jpg|thumb|موٽر سائيڪل حادثي ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمي ٿيڻ جو مثال]] [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم]] ٻانهن جي حرڪت يا حس کي متاثر ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ اهو عام طور تي تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن: * ڪلهو هيٺ دٻجي وڃي * مٿو مٿي ڇڪجي وڃي ان سان تنتون ڇڄي يا ڇڪي سگهن ٿيون۔ نئون ڄاول ٻارن ۾ به اهڙو زخم ٿي سگهي ٿو، خاص طور تي ڄمڻ وقت ڳچيءَ جي وڌيڪ ڇڪجڻ سبب۔ === علامتون === * فالج * سن ٿي وڃڻ * ڪمزوري * درد مٿين حصي جي زخمن ۾ C5 ۽ C6 متاثر ٿين ٿا، جڏهن ته هيٺين زخمن ۾ هٿ جي ننڍن ڏورن تي اثر پوي ٿو۔ === ٻين حالتن ۾ === * شديد درد (خاص طور ڪلهي ۾) * هٿ ۾ سُنپڻ * سوڄ ۽ ڪمزوري ڊگهي وقت تائين هٿ مٿي رکڻ (مثلاً ڪم دوران) به اهڙي تڪليف جو سبب بڻجي سگهي ٿو۔ 2qsscjrcus1ayctckjv1ic4d54mc63x 373162 373161 2026-04-24T12:44:33Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* بناوٽ */ 373162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|تنتن جو ڄار}} {{Infobox nerve |Name = بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار |Location = |Function = تنتن جو ڄار (تنتي [[پلڪسس]]) جيڪو ٻانهن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ |Latin = plexus brachialis |Image = Gray808.png |Caption = ساڄي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنهنجي ننڍين شاخن سان، سامهون کان ڏيکاريل |Image2 = PLEXUS BRACHIALIS.jpg |Caption2 = ڄار جون پاڙون، ٽرنڪ ۽ ڪنڊ هڪ ڪٽيل [[ڪڊيور|ڪڊيوري]] نموني ۾ ڏيکاريل }} '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' تنتن جو هڪ ڄار ([[تنتي ڄار]]) آهي، جيڪو [[اڳيان شاخون]] مان ٺهي ٿو، جيڪي هيٺين چار [[ريڙهي تنت#گردني تنتون|گردني تنت]] ۽ پهرين [[ريڙهي تنت#ٿوريڪڪ تنتون|ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] (C5، C6، C7، C8، ۽ T1) مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هي ڄار [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان نڪري [[گردني-بغلي رستو|گردني-بغلي رستي]] ذريعي ڳچي مان گذري، پهرين پاسيري مٿان ٿيندي [[بغل]] تائين پهچي ٿو، ۽ [[حسي تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي تنتي ريشي]] کي [[سينو|سيني]]، [[ڪلھو|ڪلھي]]، [[ٻانھن]]، [[ٻانهن جو هيٺيون حصو|ٻانھن جي ھيٺين حصي]] ۽ [[هٿ]] تائين فراهم ڪري ٿو۔ == بناوٽ == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي پنج ''پاڙون''، ٽي ''ٿڙ'' (ٽرنڪ)، ڇهه ''ورهاستون'' (ٽي اڳيون ۽ ٽي پٺيون)، ٽي ''ڏوريون'' (cords) ۽ پنج ''شاخن'' ۾ ورهايل آھن۔ پنج "آخري" شاخون هونديون آهن ۽ ڪيترين ٻين "اڳ-آخري" يا "ساٿي" شاخون به هونديون آهن، جهڙوڪ [[سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]]، [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] ۽ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]]، جيڪي ڄار مان مختلف هنڌن تي نڪرنديون آهن۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy">{{cite book|last1=Kawai|first1=H|last2=Kawabata|first2=H|title=Brachial Plexus Palsy|date=2000|publisher=World Scientific|location=Singapore|isbn=9810231393|pages=6, 20}}</ref><ref name="Anatomy and Physiology">{{cite book|last1=Saladin|first1=Kenneth|title=Anatomy and Physiology|date=2015|publisher=McGraw Hill|location=New York|isbn=9789814646437|pages=489–491|edition=7}}</ref> مئل جسم جي تشريح ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ هڪ عام بناوٽ M يا W جي شڪل هوندي آهي، جيڪا [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، پاسي واري تند، [[ميڊين تنت]]، وچ واري تند ۽ [[النر تنت]] مان ٺهندي آهي۔ === پاڙون === پنج '''پاڙون''' اصل ۾ پنج [[اڳيان بنيادي شاخون]] آهن، جيڪي [[ريڙهي تنت]] مان نڪرنديون آهن، جڏهن اهي اڳ ۾ ئي [[ڳچي]] جي ڏورن کي پنهنجو حصو ڏئي چڪيون هونديون آهن۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنج سطحن تي نڪري ٿو: C5، C6، C7، C8 ۽ T1۔ C5 ۽ C6 گڏ ٿي مٿيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا، C7 وچولو ٿڙ بڻجي ٿو، جڏهن ته C8 ۽ T1 گڏ ٿي هيٺيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هن ۾ تبديليون به ٿينديون آهن، جهڙوڪ C4 يا T2 جي شموليت۔ [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] مٿئين ٽرنڪ مان نڪري [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا|رومبوئڊ ڏورن]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪي اسڪاپولا کي پوئتي ڇڪين ٿا۔ [[سبڪليووين تنت]] C5 ۽ C6 مان نڪري [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو ساهه کڻڻ دوران پهرين پسلي کي مٿي کڻڻ ۾ مدد ڪري ٿو۔ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] C5، C6 ۽ C7 مان نڪري [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏورو|سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏوري]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو اسڪاپولا کي ٻاهر طرف کڻي وڃي ٿو۔ === ٿڙ === اهي پاڙون گڏ ٿي '''ٿڙ''' (ٽرنڪ) ٺاهين ٿيون: * "[[مٿيون ٿڙ|مٿيون]]" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]–[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]) * "وچولو" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]]) * "هيٺيون" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 8|C8]]–[[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1|T1]]) === ورهاستون === هر ٽرنڪ ٻه حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو، جن مان ڇهه '''ورهاستون''' ٺهن ٿيون: * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون اڳيون ورهاستون * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون پٺيون ورهاستون اناٽامي جي حالت ۾، اڳيون ورهاستون پٺين کان مٿاهيون (سطحي) هونديون آهن۔ === ڏوريون (Cords) === اهي ڇهه ورهاستون ٻيهر گڏ ٿي ٽي '''ڏوريون''' (وڏا ريشيدار گُچ) ٺاهين ٿيون۔ ڏورين جا نالا [[بغل واري شريان]] جي لحاظ سان رکيا ويا آهن: * ''[[پٺين ڏوري]]'' — ٽنهي پٺين ورهاستن مان ٺهيل (C5–C8، T1) * ''[[پاسي وارو ڏوري]]'' — مٿين ۽ وچولي ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاستن مان (C5–C7) * ''[[وچ واري ڏوري]]'' — هيٺين ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاست جو تسلسل (C8، T1) === خاڪو === {{Brachial plexus diagram}} {{Clear}} === شاخون === '''شاخون''' هيٺ ڏنل آهن۔ گهڻيون شاخون ڪنڊن مان نڪرنديون آهن، پر ڪجهه شاخون سڌو اڳين بناوٽن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ کاٻي پاسي واريون پنج شاخون "آخري شاخون" سڏجن ٿيون: * [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] * [[ايڪسيلري تنت]] * [[ريڊيئل تنت]] * [[ميڊين تنت]] * [[النر تنت]] [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] ۽ [[ميڊين تنت]] پاسي واري ڏوري (cord) مان نڪرڻ سبب هڪ ٻئي سان گهڻو لاڳاپيل هونديون آهن، ۽ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هڪ ٻئي ڏانهن شاخ به موڪلينديون آهن۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy"/> شاخن جي بناوٽ ۾ مختلف تبديليون به ڏٺيون ويون آهن، پر اهي تمام گهٽ ٿينديون آهن۔<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Goel|first1=Shivi|last2=Rustagi|first2=SM|last3=Kumar|first3=A|last4=Mehta|first4=V|last5=Suri|first5=RK|title=Multiple unilateral variations in medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus and their branches|journal=Anatomy & Cell Biology|date=Mar 13, 2014|volume=47|issue=1|pages=77–80|doi=10.5115/acb.2014.47.1.77|pmc=3968270|pmid=24693486}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yadav |first1=Yash |last2=Ray |first2=Rahul |last3=Mohsin |first3=Azmi |last4=Arora |first4=Shashwat |last5=Alauddin |first5=Waqas |last6=Prajesh |first6=Brishabh |last7=Singh |first7=Ishita |date=October 15, 2025 |title=Anatomical Variation in the Formation of the Median Nerve With Triple and Quadruple Roots of Origin: A Cadaveric Case Report |url=https://www.cureus.com/articles/423428-anatomical-variation-in-the-formation-of-the-median-nerve-with-triple-and-quadruple-roots-of-origin-a-cadaveric-case-report#!/ |journal=Cureus |volume=17 |issue=10 |doi=10.7759/cureus.94612 |doi-access=free |pmc=12616203 }}</ref> == ڪم == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار ٻانهن جي چمڙي ۽ ڏورن کي تنتي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، سواءِ: * [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو]] (جيڪو [[اسپائنل ايڪسيسري تنت]] مان) * بغل جي ڪجهه چمڙي (جيڪا [[انٽرڪوسٽو براڪيئل تنت]] مان) هي ڄار [[سمپٿٽڪ ٽرنڪ]] سان به ڳنڍيل هوندو آهي۔ == طبي اهميت == === زخم === [[File:Brachial Plexus Injury during Motorcycle accident.jpg|thumb|موٽر سائيڪل حادثي ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمي ٿيڻ جو مثال]] [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم]] ٻانهن جي حرڪت يا حس کي متاثر ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ اهو عام طور تي تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن: * ڪلهو هيٺ دٻجي وڃي * مٿو مٿي ڇڪجي وڃي ان سان تنتون ڇڄي يا ڇڪي سگهن ٿيون۔ نئون ڄاول ٻارن ۾ به اهڙو زخم ٿي سگهي ٿو، خاص طور تي ڄمڻ وقت ڳچيءَ جي وڌيڪ ڇڪجڻ سبب۔ === علامتون === * فالج * سن ٿي وڃڻ * ڪمزوري * درد مٿين حصي جي زخمن ۾ C5 ۽ C6 متاثر ٿين ٿا، جڏهن ته هيٺين زخمن ۾ هٿ جي ننڍن ڏورن تي اثر پوي ٿو۔ === ٻين حالتن ۾ === * شديد درد (خاص طور ڪلهي ۾) * هٿ ۾ سُنپڻ * سوڄ ۽ ڪمزوري ڊگهي وقت تائين هٿ مٿي رکڻ (مثلاً ڪم دوران) به اهڙي تڪليف جو سبب بڻجي سگهي ٿو۔ ecfeolsfc49t2fxaau677erue4x1anr 373164 373162 2026-04-24T12:56:23Z Intisar Ali 8681 373164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|تنتن جو ڄار}} {{Infobox nerve |Name = بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار |Location = |Function = تنتن جو ڄار (تنتي [[پلڪسس]]) جيڪو ٻانهن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ |Latin = plexus brachialis |Image = Gray808.png |Caption = ساڄي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنهنجي ننڍين شاخن سان، سامهون کان ڏيکاريل |Image2 = PLEXUS BRACHIALIS.jpg |Caption2 = ڄار جون پاڙون، ٽرنڪ ۽ ڪنڊ هڪ ڪٽيل [[ڪڊيور|ڪڊيوري]] نموني ۾ ڏيکاريل }} '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' تنتن جو هڪ ڄار ([[تنتي ڄار]]) آهي، جيڪو [[اڳيان شاخون]] مان ٺهي ٿو، جيڪي هيٺين چار [[ريڙهي تنت#گردني تنتون|گردني تنت]] ۽ پهرين [[ريڙهي تنت#ٿوريڪڪ تنتون|ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] (C5، C6، C7، C8، ۽ T1) مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هي ڄار [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان نڪري [[گردني-بغلي رستو|گردني-بغلي رستي]] ذريعي ڳچي مان گذري، پهرين پاسيري مٿان ٿيندي [[بغل]] تائين پهچي ٿو، ۽ [[حسي تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي تنتي ريشي]] کي [[سينو|سيني]]، [[ڪلھو|ڪلھي]]، [[ٻانھن]]، [[ٻانهن جو هيٺيون حصو|ٻانھن جي ھيٺين حصي]] ۽ [[هٿ]] تائين فراهم ڪري ٿو۔ == بناوٽ == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي پنج ''پاڙون''، ٽي ''ٿڙ'' (ٽرنڪ)، ڇهه ''ورهاستون'' (ٽي اڳيون ۽ ٽي پٺيون)، ٽي ''ڏوريون'' (cords) ۽ پنج ''شاخن'' ۾ ورهايل آھن۔ پنج "آخري" شاخون هونديون آهن ۽ ڪيترين ٻين "اڳ-آخري" يا "ساٿي" شاخون به هونديون آهن، جهڙوڪ [[سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]]، [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] ۽ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]]، جيڪي ڄار مان مختلف هنڌن تي نڪرنديون آهن۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy">{{cite book|last1=Kawai|first1=H|last2=Kawabata|first2=H|title=Brachial Plexus Palsy|date=2000|publisher=World Scientific|location=Singapore|isbn=9810231393|pages=6, 20}}</ref><ref name="Anatomy and Physiology">{{cite book|last1=Saladin|first1=Kenneth|title=Anatomy and Physiology|date=2015|publisher=McGraw Hill|location=New York|isbn=9789814646437|pages=489–491|edition=7}}</ref> مئل جسم جي تشريح ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ هڪ عام بناوٽ M يا W جي شڪل هوندي آهي، جيڪا [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، پاسي واري تند، [[ميڊين تنت]]، وچ واري تند ۽ [[النر تنت]] مان ٺهندي آهي۔ === پاڙون === پنج '''پاڙون''' اصل ۾ پنج [[اڳيان بنيادي شاخون]] آهن، جيڪي [[ريڙهي تنت]] مان نڪرنديون آهن، جڏهن اهي اڳ ۾ ئي [[ڳچي]] جي ڏورن کي پنهنجو حصو ڏئي چڪيون هونديون آهن۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنج سطحن تي نڪري ٿو: C5، C6، C7، C8 ۽ T1۔ C5 ۽ C6 گڏ ٿي مٿيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا، C7 وچولو ٿڙ بڻجي ٿو، جڏهن ته C8 ۽ T1 گڏ ٿي هيٺيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هن ۾ تبديليون به ٿينديون آهن، جهڙوڪ C4 يا T2 جي شموليت۔ [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] مٿئين ٽرنڪ مان نڪري [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا|رومبوئڊ ڏورن]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪي اسڪاپولا کي پوئتي ڇڪين ٿا۔ [[سبڪليووين تنت]] C5 ۽ C6 مان نڪري [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو ساهه کڻڻ دوران پهرين پسلي کي مٿي کڻڻ ۾ مدد ڪري ٿو۔ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] C5، C6 ۽ C7 مان نڪري [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏورو|سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏوري]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو اسڪاپولا کي ٻاهر طرف کڻي وڃي ٿو۔ === ٿڙ === اهي پاڙون گڏ ٿي '''ٿڙ''' (ٽرنڪ) ٺاهين ٿيون: * "[[مٿيون ٿڙ|مٿيون]]" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]–[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]) * "وچولو" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]]) * "هيٺيون" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 8|C8]]–[[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1|T1]]) === ورهاستون === هر ٽرنڪ ٻه حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو، جن مان ڇهه '''ورهاستون''' ٺهن ٿيون: * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون اڳيون ورهاستون * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون پٺيون ورهاستون اناٽامي جي حالت ۾، اڳيون ورهاستون پٺين کان مٿاهيون (سطحي) هونديون آهن۔ === ڏوريون (Cords) === اهي ڇهه ورهاستون ٻيهر گڏ ٿي ٽي '''ڏوريون''' (وڏا ريشيدار گُچ) ٺاهين ٿيون۔ ڏورين جا نالا [[بغل واري شريان]] جي لحاظ سان رکيا ويا آهن: * ''[[پٺين ڏوري]]'' — ٽنهي پٺين ورهاستن مان ٺهيل (C5–C8، T1) * ''[[پاسي وارو ڏوري]]'' — مٿين ۽ وچولي ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاستن مان (C5–C7) * ''[[وچ واري ڏوري]]'' — هيٺين ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاست جو تسلسل (C8، T1) === خاڪو === {{Brachial plexus diagram}} {{Clear}} === شاخون === '''شاخون''' هيٺ ڏنل آهن۔ گهڻيون شاخون ڏورين cords مان نڪرنديون آهن، پر ڪجهه شاخون (جيڪي ترڇي نموني ڏيکاريل آهن) سڌو اڳين بناوٽن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ کاٻي پاسي واريون پنج شاخون "آخري شاخون" سمجهيون وڃن ٿيون۔ اهي آخري شاخون هي آهن: [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، [[ايڪسيلري تنت]]، [[ريڊيئل تنت]]، [[ميڊين تنت]] ۽ [[النر تنت]]۔ ڇو ته [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] ۽ [[ميڊين تنت]] ٻئي پاسي واري ڪنڊ مان نڪرندا آهن، تنهن ڪري اهي هڪ ٻئي سان ويجهي طرح ڳنڍيل هوندا آهن۔ اهو پڻ ڏٺو ويو آهي ته [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] هڪ شاخ [[ميڊين تنت]] ڏانهن موڪلي ٿو، جنهن سان انهن جو لاڳاپو وڌيڪ مضبوط ٿئي ٿو۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy"/> شاخن جي بناوٽ ۾ ڪجهه تبديليون پڻ رپورٽ ٿيون آهن، پر اهي تمام گهٽ ٿينديون آهن۔<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Goel|first1=Shivi|last2=Rustagi|first2=SM|last3=Kumar|first3=A|last4=Mehta|first4=V|last5=Suri|first5=RK|title=Multiple unilateral variations in medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus and their branches|journal=Anatomy & Cell Biology|date=Mar 13, 2014|volume=47|issue=1|pages=77–80|doi=10.5115/acb.2014.47.1.77|pmc=3968270|pmid=24693486}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yadav |first1=Yash |last2=Ray |first2=Rahul |last3=Mohsin |first3=Azmi |last4=Arora |first4=Shashwat |last5=Alauddin |first5=Waqas |last6=Prajesh |first6=Brishabh |last7=Singh |first7=Ishita |date=October 15, 2025 |title=Anatomical Variation in the Formation of the Median Nerve With Triple and Quadruple Roots of Origin: A Cadaveric Case Report |url=https://www.cureus.com/articles/423428-anatomical-variation-in-the-formation-of-the-median-nerve-with-triple-and-quadruple-roots-of-origin-a-cadaveric-case-report#!/ |journal=Cureus |volume=17 |issue=10 |doi=10.7759/cureus.94612 |doi-access=free |pmc=12616203 }}</ref> '''ٿلهي اکرن''' ۾ ڏيکاريل پاڙون ڪنهن تنت جو بنيادي حصو ظاهر ڪن ٿيون، جڏهن ته ''ترڇي'' ۾ ڏيکاريل پاڙون اهي آهن جيڪي اڪثر، پر هميشه نه، ان تنت ۾ حصو وٺن ٿيون۔ {| class="wikitable" |- | مان || تنت || پاڙون<ref name=Moore_table>{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=K.L. |last2=Agur |first2=A.M. |year=2007 |title=Essential Clinical Anatomy |edition=3rd |location=Baltimore |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |pages=430–1 |isbn=978-0-7817-6274-8}}</ref> || ڏورا || [[جلدي فراهمي|جلدي]] |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || ''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 4|C4]]'', '''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]''' || [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا]] ۽ [[ليويٽر اسڪاپولي]] || - |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] || '''C5''', '''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]''', [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]] || [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر]] || - |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[فرينڪ تنت]] ڏانهن شاخ || '''C3، C4، C5''' || [[ٿوراڪو ايبڊومينل ڊائيفرام]] || - |- style="background:#ccffcc" | مٿيون ٽرنڪ || [[سبڪليويوس ڏوري لاءِ تنت]] || ''C5'', '''C6''' || [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] || - |- style="background:#ccffcc" | مٿيون ٽرنڪ || [[سُپراسڪاپيولر تنت]] || '''C5''', C6 || [[سُپراسپينيٽس]] ۽ [[اِنفراسپينيٽس]] || - |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[پاسي وارو پيڪٽورل تنت]] || C5، '''C6''', C7 || [[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] ۽ [[پيڪٽورالس مائنر]] || - |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] || C5، C6، C7 || [[ڪوراڪو براڪيئلس]]، [[براڪيئلس]] ۽ [[بائيسپس براڪيئي]] || [[ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت]] |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[ميڊين تنت]] جي پاسي واري پاڙ || ''C5'', C6، C7 || ميڊين تنت ڏانهن ريشا || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[مٿيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || C5، C6 || [[سب اسڪاپيولرس]] (مٿيون حصو) || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] || C6، '''C7''', C8 || [[ليٽيسمس ڊورسي]] || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[هيٺيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || C5، C6 || سب اسڪاپيولرس (هيٺيون حصو) ۽ [[ٽيريس ميجر]] || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ايڪسيلري تنت]] || '''C5''', C6 || [[ڊيلٽوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽيريس مائنر]] || [[ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي]] |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ريڊيئل تنت]] || C5، C6، C7، C8، T1 || [[ٽرائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[سپينيٽر]]، [[اينڪونيس]] ۽ ايڪسٽينسر ڏورا || ٻانهن ۽ اڳئين هٿ جي پٺئين چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[وچ وارو پيڪٽورل تنت]] || C8، T1 || [[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] ۽ [[پيڪٽورالس مائنر]] || - |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ميڊين تنت]] جي وچ واري پاڙ || C8، T1 || ٻانهن جا فليڪسر ڏورا ۽ هٿ جا ڪجهه ڏورا || هٿ جي ڪجهه چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ٻانهن جي وچ واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت]] || C8، T1 || - || ٻانهن جي اڳين ۽ وچ واري چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ٻانهن جي وچ واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت (هيٺيون حصو)]] || C8، T1 || - || اڳئين هٿ جي وچ واري چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[النر تنت]] || C7، C8، T1 || هٿ جا اندروني ڏورا ۽ ڪجهه فليڪسر ڏورا || هٿ جي وچ واري چمڙي |} == ڪم == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار ٻانهن جي چمڙي ۽ ڏورن کي تنتي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، سواءِ: * [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو]] (جيڪو [[اسپائنل ايڪسيسري تنت]] مان) * بغل جي ڪجهه چمڙي (جيڪا [[انٽرڪوسٽو براڪيئل تنت]] مان) هي ڄار [[سمپٿٽڪ ٽرنڪ]] سان به ڳنڍيل هوندو آهي۔ == طبي اهميت == === زخم === [[File:Brachial Plexus Injury during Motorcycle accident.jpg|thumb|موٽر سائيڪل حادثي ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمي ٿيڻ جو مثال]] [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم]] ٻانهن جي حرڪت يا حس کي متاثر ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ اهو عام طور تي تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن: * ڪلهو هيٺ دٻجي وڃي * مٿو مٿي ڇڪجي وڃي ان سان تنتون ڇڄي يا ڇڪي سگهن ٿيون۔ نئون ڄاول ٻارن ۾ به اهڙو زخم ٿي سگهي ٿو، خاص طور تي ڄمڻ وقت ڳچيءَ جي وڌيڪ ڇڪجڻ سبب۔ === علامتون === * فالج * سن ٿي وڃڻ * ڪمزوري * درد مٿين حصي جي زخمن ۾ C5 ۽ C6 متاثر ٿين ٿا، جڏهن ته هيٺين زخمن ۾ هٿ جي ننڍن ڏورن تي اثر پوي ٿو۔ === ٻين حالتن ۾ === * شديد درد (خاص طور ڪلهي ۾) * هٿ ۾ سُنپڻ * سوڄ ۽ ڪمزوري ڊگهي وقت تائين هٿ مٿي رکڻ (مثلاً ڪم دوران) به اهڙي تڪليف جو سبب بڻجي سگهي ٿو۔ dv4syyohd72i2ovluuo1u1bsazexbtm 373165 373164 2026-04-24T12:59:47Z Intisar Ali 8681 373165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|تنتن جو ڄار}} {{Infobox nerve |Name = بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار |Location = |Function = تنتن جو ڄار (تنتي [[پلڪسس]]) جيڪو ٻانهن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ |Latin = plexus brachialis |Image = Gray808.png |Caption = ساڄي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنهنجي ننڍين شاخن سان، سامهون کان ڏيکاريل |Image2 = PLEXUS BRACHIALIS.jpg |Caption2 = ڄار جون پاڙون، ٽرنڪ ۽ ڪنڊ هڪ ڪٽيل [[ڪڊيور|ڪڊيوري]] نموني ۾ ڏيکاريل }} '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' تنتن جو هڪ ڄار ([[تنتي ڄار]]) آهي، جيڪو [[اڳيان شاخون]] مان ٺهي ٿو، جيڪي هيٺين چار [[ريڙهي تنت#گردني تنتون|گردني تنت]] ۽ پهرين [[ريڙهي تنت#ٿوريڪڪ تنتون|ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] (C5، C6، C7، C8، ۽ T1) مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هي ڄار [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان نڪري [[گردني-بغلي رستو|گردني-بغلي رستي]] ذريعي ڳچي مان گذري، پهرين پاسيري مٿان ٿيندي [[بغل]] تائين پهچي ٿو، ۽ [[حسي تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي تنتي ريشي]] کي [[سينو|سيني]]، [[ڪلھو|ڪلھي]]، [[ٻانھن]]، [[ٻانهن جو هيٺيون حصو|ٻانھن جي ھيٺين حصي]] ۽ [[هٿ]] تائين فراهم ڪري ٿو۔ == بناوٽ == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي پنج ''پاڙون''، ٽي ''ٿڙ'' (ٽرنڪ)، ڇهه ''ورهاستون'' (ٽي اڳيون ۽ ٽي پٺيون)، ٽي ''ڏوريون'' (cords) ۽ پنج ''شاخن'' ۾ ورهايل آھن۔ پنج "آخري" شاخون هونديون آهن ۽ ڪيترين ٻين "اڳ-آخري" يا "ساٿي" شاخون به هونديون آهن، جهڙوڪ [[سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]]، [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] ۽ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]]، جيڪي ڄار مان مختلف هنڌن تي نڪرنديون آهن۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy">{{cite book|last1=Kawai|first1=H|last2=Kawabata|first2=H|title=Brachial Plexus Palsy|date=2000|publisher=World Scientific|location=Singapore|isbn=9810231393|pages=6, 20}}</ref><ref name="Anatomy and Physiology">{{cite book|last1=Saladin|first1=Kenneth|title=Anatomy and Physiology|date=2015|publisher=McGraw Hill|location=New York|isbn=9789814646437|pages=489–491|edition=7}}</ref> مئل جسم جي تشريح ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ هڪ عام بناوٽ M يا W جي شڪل هوندي آهي، جيڪا [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، پاسي واري تند، [[ميڊين تنت]]، وچ واري تند ۽ [[النر تنت]] مان ٺهندي آهي۔ === پاڙون === پنج '''پاڙون''' اصل ۾ پنج [[اڳيان بنيادي شاخون]] آهن، جيڪي [[ريڙهي تنت]] مان نڪرنديون آهن، جڏهن اهي اڳ ۾ ئي [[ڳچي]] جي ڏورن کي پنهنجو حصو ڏئي چڪيون هونديون آهن۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنج سطحن تي نڪري ٿو: C5، C6، C7، C8 ۽ T1۔ C5 ۽ C6 گڏ ٿي مٿيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا، C7 وچولو ٿڙ بڻجي ٿو، جڏهن ته C8 ۽ T1 گڏ ٿي هيٺيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هن ۾ تبديليون به ٿينديون آهن، جهڙوڪ C4 يا T2 جي شموليت۔ [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] مٿئين ٽرنڪ مان نڪري [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا|رومبوئڊ ڏورن]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪي اسڪاپولا کي پوئتي ڇڪين ٿا۔ [[سبڪليووين تنت]] C5 ۽ C6 مان نڪري [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو ساهه کڻڻ دوران پهرين پسلي کي مٿي کڻڻ ۾ مدد ڪري ٿو۔ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] C5، C6 ۽ C7 مان نڪري [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏورو|سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏوري]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو اسڪاپولا کي ٻاهر طرف کڻي وڃي ٿو۔ === ٿڙ === اهي پاڙون گڏ ٿي '''ٿڙ''' (ٽرنڪ) ٺاهين ٿيون: * "[[مٿيون ٿڙ|مٿيون]]" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]–[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]) * "وچولو" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]]) * "هيٺيون" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 8|C8]]–[[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1|T1]]) === ورهاستون === هر ٽرنڪ ٻه حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو، جن مان ڇهه '''ورهاستون''' ٺهن ٿيون: * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون اڳيون ورهاستون * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون پٺيون ورهاستون اناٽامي جي حالت ۾، اڳيون ورهاستون پٺين کان مٿاهيون (سطحي) هونديون آهن۔ === ڏوريون (Cords) === اهي ڇهه ورهاستون ٻيهر گڏ ٿي ٽي '''ڏوريون''' (وڏا ريشيدار گُچ) ٺاهين ٿيون۔ ڏورين جا نالا [[بغل واري شريان]] جي لحاظ سان رکيا ويا آهن: * ''[[پٺين ڏوري]]'' — ٽنهي پٺين ورهاستن مان ٺهيل (C5–C8، T1) * ''[[پاسي وارو ڏوري]]'' — مٿين ۽ وچولي ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاستن مان (C5–C7) * ''[[وچ واري ڏوري]]'' — هيٺين ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاست جو تسلسل (C8، T1) === خاڪو === {{Brachial plexus diagram}} {{Clear}} === شاخون === '''شاخون''' هيٺ ڏنل آهن۔ گهڻيون شاخون ڏورين cords مان نڪرنديون آهن، پر ڪجهه شاخون (جيڪي ترڇي نموني ڏيکاريل آهن) سڌو اڳين بناوٽن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ کاٻي پاسي واريون پنج شاخون "آخري شاخون" سمجهيون وڃن ٿيون۔ اهي آخري شاخون هي آهن: [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، [[ايڪسيلري تنت]]، [[ريڊيئل تنت]]، [[ميڊين تنت]] ۽ [[النر تنت]]۔ ڇو ته [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] ۽ [[ميڊين تنت]] ٻئي پاسي واري ڪنڊ مان نڪرندا آهن، تنهن ڪري اهي هڪ ٻئي سان ويجهي طرح ڳنڍيل هوندا آهن۔ اهو پڻ ڏٺو ويو آهي ته [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] هڪ شاخ [[ميڊين تنت]] ڏانهن موڪلي ٿو، جنهن سان انهن جو لاڳاپو وڌيڪ مضبوط ٿئي ٿو۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy"/> شاخن جي بناوٽ ۾ ڪجهه تبديليون پڻ رپورٽ ٿيون آهن، پر اهي تمام گهٽ ٿينديون آهن۔<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Goel|first1=Shivi|last2=Rustagi|first2=SM|last3=Kumar|first3=A|last4=Mehta|first4=V|last5=Suri|first5=RK|title=Multiple unilateral variations in medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus and their branches|journal=Anatomy & Cell Biology|date=Mar 13, 2014|volume=47|issue=1|pages=77–80|doi=10.5115/acb.2014.47.1.77|pmc=3968270|pmid=24693486}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yadav |first1=Yash |last2=Ray |first2=Rahul |last3=Mohsin |first3=Azmi |last4=Arora |first4=Shashwat |last5=Alauddin |first5=Waqas |last6=Prajesh |first6=Brishabh |last7=Singh |first7=Ishita |date=October 15, 2025 |title=Anatomical Variation in the Formation of the Median Nerve With Triple and Quadruple Roots of Origin: A Cadaveric Case Report |url=https://www.cureus.com/articles/423428-anatomical-variation-in-the-formation-of-the-median-nerve-with-triple-and-quadruple-roots-of-origin-a-cadaveric-case-report#!/ |journal=Cureus |volume=17 |issue=10 |doi=10.7759/cureus.94612 |doi-access=free |pmc=12616203 }}</ref> '''ٿلهي اکرن''' ۾ ڏيکاريل پاڙون ڪنهن تنت جو بنيادي حصو ظاهر ڪن ٿيون، جڏهن ته ''ترڇي'' ۾ ڏيکاريل پاڙون اهي آهن جيڪي اڪثر، پر هميشه نه، ان تنت ۾ حصو وٺن ٿيون۔ {| class="wikitable" |- | مان || تنت || پاڙون<ref name=Moore_table>{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=K.L. |last2=Agur |first2=A.M. |year=2007 |title=Essential Clinical Anatomy |edition=3rd |location=Baltimore |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |pages=430–1 |isbn=978-0-7817-6274-8}}</ref> || ڏورا || [[جلدي فراهمي|جلدي]] |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || ''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 4|C4]]'', '''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]''' || [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا]] ۽ [[ليويٽر اسڪاپولي]] || - |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] || '''C5''', '''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]''', [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]] || [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر]] || - |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[فرينڪ تنت]] ڏانهن شاخ || '''C3، C4، C5''' || [[ٿوراڪو ايبڊومينل ڊائيفرام]] || - |- style="background:#ccffcc" | مٿيون ٽرنڪ || [[سبڪليويوس ڏوري لاءِ تنت]] || ''C5'', '''C6''' || [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] || - |- style="background:#ccffcc" | مٿيون ٽرنڪ || [[سُپراسڪاپيولر تنت]] || '''C5''', C6 || [[سُپراسپينيٽس]] ۽ [[اِنفراسپينيٽس]] || - |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[پاسي وارو پيڪٽورل تنت]] || C5، '''C6''', C7 || [[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] ۽ [[پيڪٽورالس مائنر]] || - |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] || C5، C6، C7 || [[ڪوراڪو براڪيئلس]]، [[براڪيئلس]] ۽ [[بائيسپس براڪيئي]] || [[ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت]] |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[ميڊين تنت]] جي پاسي واري پاڙ || ''C5'', C6، C7 || ميڊين تنت ڏانهن ريشا || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[مٿيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || C5، C6 || [[سب اسڪاپيولرس]] (مٿيون حصو) || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] || C6، '''C7''', C8 || [[ليٽيسمس ڊورسي]] || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[هيٺيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || C5، C6 || سب اسڪاپيولرس (هيٺيون حصو) ۽ [[ٽيريس ميجر]] || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ايڪسيلري تنت]] || '''C5''', C6 || [[ڊيلٽوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽيريس مائنر]] || [[ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي]] |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ريڊيئل تنت]] || C5، C6، C7، C8، T1 || [[ٽرائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[سپينيٽر]]، [[اينڪونيس]] ۽ ايڪسٽينسر ڏورا || ٻانهن ۽ اڳئين هٿ جي پٺئين چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[وچ وارو پيڪٽورل تنت]] || C8، T1 || [[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] ۽ [[پيڪٽورالس مائنر]] || - |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ميڊين تنت]] جي وچ واري پاڙ || C8، T1 || ٻانهن جا فليڪسر ڏورا ۽ هٿ جا ڪجهه ڏورا || هٿ جي ڪجهه چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ٻانهن جي وچ واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت]] || C8، T1 || - || ٻانهن جي اڳين ۽ وچ واري چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ٻانهن جي وچ واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت (هيٺيون حصو)]] || C8، T1 || - || اڳئين هٿ جي وچ واري چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[النر تنت]] || C7، C8، T1 || هٿ جا اندروني ڏورا ۽ ڪجهه فليڪسر ڏورا || هٿ جي وچ واري چمڙي |} == ڪم == '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' ٻانهن جي چمڙي ۽ ڏورن کي تنتي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، سواءِ ٻن استثنائن جي: * [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو]] (جنهن کي [[اسپائنل ايڪسيسري تنت]] فراهمي ڏئي ٿو) * بغل جي ويجهو چمڙي جو هڪ حصو (جنهن کي [[انٽرڪوسٽو بريڪيئل تنت]] فراهمي ڏئي ٿو) بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار [[سمپٿٽڪ ٿڙ]] ذريعي ڳنڍيل هوندو آهي، جتي "گري رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس" (gray rami communicantes) ذريعي ڄار جي پاڙن سان رابطو قائم ٿئي ٿو۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون آخري شاخون ([[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، [[ايڪسيلري تنت]]، [[ريڊيئل تنت]]، [[ميڊين تنت]] ۽ [[النر تنت]]) سڀئي خاص حسي، حرڪتي ۽ پروپريوسپٽيو (جسم جي پوزيشن جو احساس) ڪم سرانجام ڏين ٿيون۔<ref>{{Cite book|title=Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function|url=https://archive.org/details/anatomyphysiolog00sala_012|url-access=limited|last=Saladin|first=Kenneth|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2007|isbn=9789814646437|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/anatomyphysiolog00sala_012/page/n505 491]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nysora.com/techniques/nerve-stimulator-and-surface-based-ra-techniques/upper-extremitya/3260-axillary-brachial-plexus-block.html|title=Axillary Brachial Plexus Block|date=2013-09-20|website=www.nysora.com|publisher=New York School of Regional Anesthesia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712104919/http://www.nysora.com/techniques/nerve-stimulator-and-surface-based-ra-techniques/upper-extremitya/3260-axillary-brachial-plexus-block.html|archive-date=2017-07-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !'''آخري شاخ''' !حسي فراهمي !ڏورن کي فراهمي |- |[[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] |اڳئين هٿ جي اڳئين-پاسي واري چمڙي |[[براڪيئلس]]، [[بائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[ڪوراڪو براڪيئلس]] |- |[[ايڪسيلري تنت]] |ڪلهي ۽ مٿئين ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي |[[ڊيلٽوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽيريس مائنر]] |- |[[ريڊيئل تنت]] |ٻانهن جي پٺئين حصي ۽ اڳئين هٿ جي پٺئين چمڙي |[[ٽرائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[براڪيو ريڊيئلس]]، [[اينڪونيس]] ۽ ايڪسٽينسر ڏورا |- |[[ميڊين تنت]] |هٿ جي پاسي واري 2/3 چمڙي ۽ آڱرين 1–4 جا ڇيڙا |اڳئين هٿ جا فليڪسر ڏورا، ٿينر علائقو، هٿ جا لُمبريڪل (1–2) |- |[[النر تنت]] |هٿ جي تري ۽ وچ واري پاسي جي چمڙي ۽ آڱريون 3–5 |هائپوٿينر ھنڌ، ڪجهه فليڪسر ڏورا، انگوٺي جو ايڊڊڪٽر، لُمبريڪل (3–4)، انٽروسيوس ڏورا |} == طبي اهميت == === زخم === [[File:Brachial Plexus Injury during Motorcycle accident.jpg|thumb|موٽر سائيڪل حادثي ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمي ٿيڻ جو مثال]] [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم]] ٻانهن جي حرڪت يا حس کي متاثر ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ اهو عام طور تي تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن: * ڪلهو هيٺ دٻجي وڃي * مٿو مٿي ڇڪجي وڃي ان سان تنتون ڇڄي يا ڇڪي سگهن ٿيون۔ نئون ڄاول ٻارن ۾ به اهڙو زخم ٿي سگهي ٿو، خاص طور تي ڄمڻ وقت ڳچيءَ جي وڌيڪ ڇڪجڻ سبب۔ === علامتون === * فالج * سن ٿي وڃڻ * ڪمزوري * درد مٿين حصي جي زخمن ۾ C5 ۽ C6 متاثر ٿين ٿا، جڏهن ته هيٺين زخمن ۾ هٿ جي ننڍن ڏورن تي اثر پوي ٿو۔ === ٻين حالتن ۾ === * شديد درد (خاص طور ڪلهي ۾) * هٿ ۾ سُنپڻ * سوڄ ۽ ڪمزوري ڊگهي وقت تائين هٿ مٿي رکڻ (مثلاً ڪم دوران) به اهڙي تڪليف جو سبب بڻجي سگهي ٿو۔ padiwdc6b09nk9ds8e2ctf0trxmqjr4 373166 373165 2026-04-24T13:09:54Z Intisar Ali 8681 373166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|تنتن جو ڄار}} {{Infobox nerve |Name = بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار |Location = |Function = تنتن جو ڄار (تنتي [[پلڪسس]]) جيڪو ٻانهن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ |Latin = plexus brachialis |Image = Gray808.png |Caption = ساڄي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنهنجي ننڍين شاخن سان، سامهون کان ڏيکاريل |Image2 = PLEXUS BRACHIALIS.jpg |Caption2 = ڄار جون پاڙون، ٽرنڪ ۽ ڪنڊ هڪ ڪٽيل [[ڪڊيور|ڪڊيوري]] نموني ۾ ڏيکاريل }} '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' تنتن جو هڪ ڄار ([[تنتي ڄار]]) آهي، جيڪو [[اڳيان شاخون]] مان ٺهي ٿو، جيڪي هيٺين چار [[ريڙهي تنت#گردني تنتون|گردني تنت]] ۽ پهرين [[ريڙهي تنت#ٿوريڪڪ تنتون|ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] (C5، C6، C7، C8، ۽ T1) مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هي ڄار [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان نڪري [[گردني-بغلي رستو|گردني-بغلي رستي]] ذريعي ڳچي مان گذري، پهرين پاسيري مٿان ٿيندي [[بغل]] تائين پهچي ٿو، ۽ [[حسي تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي تنتي ريشي]] کي [[سينو|سيني]]، [[ڪلھو|ڪلھي]]، [[ٻانھن]]، [[ٻانهن جو هيٺيون حصو|ٻانھن جي ھيٺين حصي]] ۽ [[هٿ]] تائين فراهم ڪري ٿو۔ == بناوٽ == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي پنج ''پاڙون''، ٽي ''ٿڙ'' (ٽرنڪ)، ڇهه ''ورهاستون'' (ٽي اڳيون ۽ ٽي پٺيون)، ٽي ''ڏوريون'' (cords) ۽ پنج ''شاخن'' ۾ ورهايل آھن۔ پنج "آخري" شاخون هونديون آهن ۽ ڪيترين ٻين "اڳ-آخري" يا "ساٿي" شاخون به هونديون آهن، جهڙوڪ [[سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]]، [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] ۽ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]]، جيڪي ڄار مان مختلف هنڌن تي نڪرنديون آهن۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy">{{cite book|last1=Kawai|first1=H|last2=Kawabata|first2=H|title=Brachial Plexus Palsy|date=2000|publisher=World Scientific|location=Singapore|isbn=9810231393|pages=6, 20}}</ref><ref name="Anatomy and Physiology">{{cite book|last1=Saladin|first1=Kenneth|title=Anatomy and Physiology|date=2015|publisher=McGraw Hill|location=New York|isbn=9789814646437|pages=489–491|edition=7}}</ref> مئل جسم جي تشريح ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ هڪ عام بناوٽ M يا W جي شڪل هوندي آهي، جيڪا [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، پاسي واري تند، [[ميڊين تنت]]، وچ واري تند ۽ [[النر تنت]] مان ٺهندي آهي۔ === پاڙون === پنج '''پاڙون''' اصل ۾ پنج [[اڳيان بنيادي شاخون]] آهن، جيڪي [[ريڙهي تنت]] مان نڪرنديون آهن، جڏهن اهي اڳ ۾ ئي [[ڳچي]] جي ڏورن کي پنهنجو حصو ڏئي چڪيون هونديون آهن۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنج سطحن تي نڪري ٿو: C5، C6، C7، C8 ۽ T1۔ C5 ۽ C6 گڏ ٿي مٿيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا، C7 وچولو ٿڙ بڻجي ٿو، جڏهن ته C8 ۽ T1 گڏ ٿي هيٺيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هن ۾ تبديليون به ٿينديون آهن، جهڙوڪ C4 يا T2 جي شموليت۔ [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] مٿئين ٽرنڪ مان نڪري [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا|رومبوئڊ ڏورن]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪي اسڪاپولا کي پوئتي ڇڪين ٿا۔ [[سبڪليووين تنت]] C5 ۽ C6 مان نڪري [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو ساهه کڻڻ دوران پهرين پسلي کي مٿي کڻڻ ۾ مدد ڪري ٿو۔ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] C5، C6 ۽ C7 مان نڪري [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏورو|سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏوري]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو اسڪاپولا کي ٻاهر طرف کڻي وڃي ٿو۔ === ٿڙ === اهي پاڙون گڏ ٿي '''ٿڙ''' (ٽرنڪ) ٺاهين ٿيون: * "[[مٿيون ٿڙ|مٿيون]]" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]–[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]) * "وچولو" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]]) * "هيٺيون" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 8|C8]]–[[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1|T1]]) === ورهاستون === هر ٽرنڪ ٻه حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو، جن مان ڇهه '''ورهاستون''' ٺهن ٿيون: * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون اڳيون ورهاستون * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون پٺيون ورهاستون اناٽامي جي حالت ۾، اڳيون ورهاستون پٺين کان مٿاهيون (سطحي) هونديون آهن۔ === ڏوريون (Cords) === اهي ڇهه ورهاستون ٻيهر گڏ ٿي ٽي '''ڏوريون''' (وڏا ريشيدار گُچ) ٺاهين ٿيون۔ ڏورين جا نالا [[بغل واري شريان]] جي لحاظ سان رکيا ويا آهن: * ''[[پٺين ڏوري]]'' — ٽنهي پٺين ورهاستن مان ٺهيل (C5–C8، T1) * ''[[پاسي وارو ڏوري]]'' — مٿين ۽ وچولي ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاستن مان (C5–C7) * ''[[وچ واري ڏوري]]'' — هيٺين ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاست جو تسلسل (C8، T1) === خاڪو === {{Brachial plexus diagram}} {{Clear}} === شاخون === '''شاخون''' هيٺ ڏنل آهن۔ گهڻيون شاخون ڏورين cords مان نڪرنديون آهن، پر ڪجهه شاخون (جيڪي ترڇي نموني ڏيکاريل آهن) سڌو اڳين بناوٽن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ کاٻي پاسي واريون پنج شاخون "آخري شاخون" سمجهيون وڃن ٿيون۔ اهي آخري شاخون هي آهن: [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، [[ايڪسيلري تنت]]، [[ريڊيئل تنت]]، [[ميڊين تنت]] ۽ [[النر تنت]]۔ ڇو ته [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] ۽ [[ميڊين تنت]] ٻئي پاسي واري ڪنڊ مان نڪرندا آهن، تنهن ڪري اهي هڪ ٻئي سان ويجهي طرح ڳنڍيل هوندا آهن۔ اهو پڻ ڏٺو ويو آهي ته [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] هڪ شاخ [[ميڊين تنت]] ڏانهن موڪلي ٿو، جنهن سان انهن جو لاڳاپو وڌيڪ مضبوط ٿئي ٿو۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy"/> شاخن جي بناوٽ ۾ ڪجهه تبديليون پڻ رپورٽ ٿيون آهن، پر اهي تمام گهٽ ٿينديون آهن۔<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Goel|first1=Shivi|last2=Rustagi|first2=SM|last3=Kumar|first3=A|last4=Mehta|first4=V|last5=Suri|first5=RK|title=Multiple unilateral variations in medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus and their branches|journal=Anatomy & Cell Biology|date=Mar 13, 2014|volume=47|issue=1|pages=77–80|doi=10.5115/acb.2014.47.1.77|pmc=3968270|pmid=24693486}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yadav |first1=Yash |last2=Ray |first2=Rahul |last3=Mohsin |first3=Azmi |last4=Arora |first4=Shashwat |last5=Alauddin |first5=Waqas |last6=Prajesh |first6=Brishabh |last7=Singh |first7=Ishita |date=October 15, 2025 |title=Anatomical Variation in the Formation of the Median Nerve With Triple and Quadruple Roots of Origin: A Cadaveric Case Report |url=https://www.cureus.com/articles/423428-anatomical-variation-in-the-formation-of-the-median-nerve-with-triple-and-quadruple-roots-of-origin-a-cadaveric-case-report#!/ |journal=Cureus |volume=17 |issue=10 |doi=10.7759/cureus.94612 |doi-access=free |pmc=12616203 }}</ref> '''ٿلهي اکرن''' ۾ ڏيکاريل پاڙون ڪنهن تنت جو بنيادي حصو ظاهر ڪن ٿيون، جڏهن ته ''ترڇي'' ۾ ڏيکاريل پاڙون اهي آهن جيڪي اڪثر، پر هميشه نه، ان تنت ۾ حصو وٺن ٿيون۔ {| class="wikitable" |- | مان || تنت || پاڙون<ref name=Moore_table>{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=K.L. |last2=Agur |first2=A.M. |year=2007 |title=Essential Clinical Anatomy |edition=3rd |location=Baltimore |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |pages=430–1 |isbn=978-0-7817-6274-8}}</ref> || ڏورا || [[جلدي فراهمي|جلدي]] |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || ''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 4|C4]]'', '''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]''' || [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا]] ۽ [[ليويٽر اسڪاپولي]] || - |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] || '''C5''', '''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]''', [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]] || [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر]] || - |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[فرينڪ تنت]] ڏانهن شاخ || '''C3، C4، C5''' || [[ٿوراڪو ايبڊومينل ڊائيفرام]] || - |- style="background:#ccffcc" | مٿيون ٽرنڪ || [[سبڪليويوس ڏوري لاءِ تنت]] || ''C5'', '''C6''' || [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] || - |- style="background:#ccffcc" | مٿيون ٽرنڪ || [[سُپراسڪاپيولر تنت]] || '''C5''', C6 || [[سُپراسپينيٽس]] ۽ [[اِنفراسپينيٽس]] || - |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[پاسي وارو پيڪٽورل تنت]] || C5، '''C6''', C7 || [[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] ۽ [[پيڪٽورالس مائنر]] || - |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] || C5، C6، C7 || [[ڪوراڪو براڪيئلس]]، [[براڪيئلس]] ۽ [[بائيسپس براڪيئي]] || [[ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت]] |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[ميڊين تنت]] جي پاسي واري پاڙ || ''C5'', C6، C7 || ميڊين تنت ڏانهن ريشا || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[مٿيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || C5، C6 || [[سب اسڪاپيولرس]] (مٿيون حصو) || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] || C6، '''C7''', C8 || [[ليٽيسمس ڊورسي]] || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[هيٺيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || C5، C6 || سب اسڪاپيولرس (هيٺيون حصو) ۽ [[ٽيريس ميجر]] || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ايڪسيلري تنت]] || '''C5''', C6 || [[ڊيلٽوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽيريس مائنر]] || [[ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي]] |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ريڊيئل تنت]] || C5، C6، C7، C8، T1 || [[ٽرائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[سپينيٽر]]، [[اينڪونيس]] ۽ ايڪسٽينسر ڏورا || ٻانهن ۽ اڳئين هٿ جي پٺئين چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[وچ وارو پيڪٽورل تنت]] || C8، T1 || [[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] ۽ [[پيڪٽورالس مائنر]] || - |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ميڊين تنت]] جي وچ واري پاڙ || C8، T1 || ٻانهن جا فليڪسر ڏورا ۽ هٿ جا ڪجهه ڏورا || هٿ جي ڪجهه چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ٻانهن جي وچ واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت]] || C8، T1 || - || ٻانهن جي اڳين ۽ وچ واري چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ٻانهن جي وچ واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت (هيٺيون حصو)]] || C8، T1 || - || اڳئين هٿ جي وچ واري چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[النر تنت]] || C7، C8، T1 || هٿ جا اندروني ڏورا ۽ ڪجهه فليڪسر ڏورا || هٿ جي وچ واري چمڙي |} == ڪم == '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' ٻانهن جي چمڙي ۽ ڏورن کي تنتي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، سواءِ ٻن استثنائن جي: * [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو]] (جنهن کي [[اسپائنل ايڪسيسري تنت]] فراهمي ڏئي ٿو) * بغل جي ويجهو چمڙي جو هڪ حصو (جنهن کي [[انٽرڪوسٽو بريڪيئل تنت]] فراهمي ڏئي ٿو) بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار [[سمپٿٽڪ ٿڙ]] ذريعي ڳنڍيل هوندو آهي، جتي "گري رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس" (gray rami communicantes) ذريعي ڄار جي پاڙن سان رابطو قائم ٿئي ٿو۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون آخري شاخون ([[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، [[ايڪسيلري تنت]]، [[ريڊيئل تنت]]، [[ميڊين تنت]] ۽ [[النر تنت]]) سڀئي خاص حسي، حرڪتي ۽ پروپريوسپٽيو (جسم جي پوزيشن جو احساس) ڪم سرانجام ڏين ٿيون۔<ref>{{Cite book|title=Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function|url=https://archive.org/details/anatomyphysiolog00sala_012|url-access=limited|last=Saladin|first=Kenneth|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2007|isbn=9789814646437|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/anatomyphysiolog00sala_012/page/n505 491]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nysora.com/techniques/nerve-stimulator-and-surface-based-ra-techniques/upper-extremitya/3260-axillary-brachial-plexus-block.html|title=Axillary Brachial Plexus Block|date=2013-09-20|website=www.nysora.com|publisher=New York School of Regional Anesthesia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712104919/http://www.nysora.com/techniques/nerve-stimulator-and-surface-based-ra-techniques/upper-extremitya/3260-axillary-brachial-plexus-block.html|archive-date=2017-07-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !'''آخري شاخ''' !حسي فراهمي !ڏورن کي فراهمي |- |[[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] |اڳئين هٿ جي اڳئين-پاسي واري چمڙي |[[براڪيئلس]]، [[بائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[ڪوراڪو براڪيئلس]] |- |[[ايڪسيلري تنت]] |ڪلهي ۽ مٿئين ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي |[[ڊيلٽوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽيريس مائنر]] |- |[[ريڊيئل تنت]] |ٻانهن جي پٺئين حصي ۽ اڳئين هٿ جي پٺئين چمڙي |[[ٽرائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[براڪيو ريڊيئلس]]، [[اينڪونيس]] ۽ ايڪسٽينسر ڏورا |- |[[ميڊين تنت]] |هٿ جي پاسي واري 2/3 چمڙي ۽ آڱرين 1–4 جا ڇيڙا |اڳئين هٿ جا فليڪسر ڏورا، ٿينر علائقو، هٿ جا لُمبريڪل (1–2) |- |[[النر تنت]] |هٿ جي تري ۽ وچ واري پاسي جي چمڙي ۽ آڱريون 3–5 |هائپوٿينر ھنڌ، ڪجهه فليڪسر ڏورا، انگوٺي جو ايڊڊڪٽر، لُمبريڪل (3–4)، انٽروسيوس ڏورا |} == طبي اهميت == === زخم === [[File:Brachial Plexus Injury during Motorcycle accident.jpg|thumb|موٽر سائيڪل حادثي دوران بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي نقصان پهچڻ جو مثال]] {{Main|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم}} [[File:Brachial Plexus.png|thumb|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو ڪلاويڪل ۽ سبڪليووين رڳ سان لاڳاپو]] [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم]] ٻانهن جي مختلف حصن جي حس يا حرڪت کي متاثر ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ اهو عام طور تي تڏهن ٿيندو آهي جڏهن ڪلهو هيٺ ڌڪجي وڃي ۽ مٿو مٿي ڇڪجي وڃي، جنهن سان تنتون ڇڪجي يا ٽٽي سگهن ٿيون۔ غلط پوزيشن سبب ٿيندڙ زخمن ۾ گهڻو ڪري بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار متاثر ٿيندو آهي، ٻين پيريفيرل تنتن جي ڀيٽ ۾۔<ref name="Missingor">{{cite journal |pmid=3342585 |year=1988 |last1=Cooper |first1=DE |last2=Jenkins |first2=RS |last3=Bready |first3=L |last4=Rockwood Jr |first4=CA |title=The prevention of injuries of the brachial plexus secondary to malposition of the patient during surgery |issue=228 |pages=33–41 |journal=Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research |volume=228 |doi=10.1097/00003086-198803000-00005}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1302/0301-620X.95B1.29625 |title=Iatropathic brachial plexus injury: A complication of delayed fixation of clavicle fractures |year=2013 |last1=Jeyaseelan |first1=L. |last2=Singh |first2=V. K. |last3=Ghosh |first3=S. |last4=Sinisi |first4=M. |last5=Fox |first5=M. |journal=The Bone & Joint Journal |volume=95-B |issue=1 |pages=106–10 |pmid=23307682}}</ref> ڇو ته هي تنتون پوزيشن جي حوالي سان تمام حساس هونديون آهن، تنهنڪري انهن زخمن کان بچاءَ جا طريقا محدود آهن۔ سڀ کان وڌيڪ متاثر ماڻهو موٽر گاڏي حادثن جا شڪار ۽ نوان ڄاول ٻار هوندا آهن۔<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Midha |first1=Rajiv |journal=Neurosurgery |title=Epidemiology of Brachial Plexus Injuries in a Multitrauma Population |pmid=9179891 |year=1997 |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=1182–8; discussion 1188–9 |doi=10.1097/00006123-199706000-00014}}</ref> زخم جا سبب: * تنتن جو ڇڪجڻ * بيماريون * ڳچيءَ جي پاسي يا بغل ۾ زخم علامتون زخمي هنڌ مطابق بدلجن ٿيون: * مڪمل فالج کان وٺي سن ٿيڻ تائين مريض جي حرڪتن کي جانچڻ ۽ ٻئي صحتمند پاسي سان ڀيٽ ڪرڻ ذريعي فالج جي درجي جو اندازو لڳايو وڃي ٿو۔ عام زخم: سخت ڪري پوندي وقت ڪلهي جو ڳچيءَ کان پري ٿي وڃڻ (مثلاً موٽر سائيڪل حادثو يا وڻ تان ڪرڻ)۔ اهو مٿين حصي ۾ ڦاٽ يا ريڙهه جي هڏي مان پاڙن جي الڳ ٿيڻ جو سبب بڻجي سگهي ٿو۔ نئين ڄاول ٻارن ۾: ڄمڻ وقت ڳچيءَ جي وڌيڪ ڇڪجڻ سبب مٿيون بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار متاثر ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ ٻار جي وزن ۽ زخم جي وچ ۾ تعلق ڏٺو ويو آهي۔<ref name="DoiSMissing">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00007-0 |title=Birth Weight as a Predictor of Brachial Plexus Injury |year=1997 |last1=Ecker |first1=Jeffrey L. |last2=Greenberg |first2=James A. |last3=Norwitz |first3=Errol R. |last4=Nadel |first4=Allan S. |last5=Repke |first5=John T. |journal=Obstetrics & Gynecology |volume=89 |issue=5 |pages=643–47 |pmid=9166293}}</ref> === علامتون === مٿين حصي جي زخمن (C5–C6) ۾: * [[ڊيلٽوئڊ]]، [[بائيسپس]] ۽ ٻين ڏورن ۾ فالج * ٻانهن جي پاسي واري حصي ۾ حس جو نقصان هيٺين حصي جي زخمن ۾: * هٿ جا ننڍا ڏورا متاثر ٿين ٿا * مٺي ٺاهي نه سگهڻ پريگينگليونڪ ۽ پوسٽ گينگليونڪ زخمن ۾ فرق ڪرڻ لاءِ: * ڪلاويڪل کان مٿي حس جو نقصان * بيحس هٿ ۾ به درد * [[هورنر سنڊروم]] * انهن ڏورن جي ڪمزوري جيڪي سڌي طرح پاڙن مان نڪرندڙ شاخن سان لاڳاپيل آهن تيز سوزش (acute neuritis): * ڪلهي ۾ شديد درد * هٿ ۾ پکڙجندڙ درد، سن ٿيڻ، سوڄ، ڪمزوري ڊگهي وقت تائين هٿ مٿي رکڻ سان به اهڙي تڪليف ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ==== راندين جا زخم ==== رابطي واري راندين (خاص ڪري آمريڪي فٽبال) ۾ هڪ عام زخم "اسٽنگر" سڏجي ٿو۔<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dimberg |first1=Elliot L. |last2=Burns |first2=Ted M. |date=July 2005 |title=Management of Common Neurologic Conditions in Sports |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |journal=Clinics in Sports Medicine |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=637–662 |doi=10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |pmid=16004923 }}</ref> هي تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن: * ڳچيءَ تي دٻاءُ * اڳتي يا پوئتي موڙ نتيجي ۾ ڳچيءَ کان آڱرين تائين "جلڻ جهڙو" درد پکڙجي ٿو۔ ==== چيري يا گهُسڻ وارا زخم ==== گهرا زخم (جهڙوڪ ڇري جا وار) تنتن کي ڪٽي سگهن ٿا، جنهن سان لاڳاپيل ڏورن جي حرڪت متاثر ٿي وڃي ٿي۔ ==== ڄمڻ وقت زخم ==== نئين ڄاول ٻارن ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن ٻار جو ڪلهو ڦاسي وڃي (shoulder dystocia)۔ ان سان obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) پيدا ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ === رسوليون (Tumors) === ممڪن رسوليون: * [[شوانوما]] * [[نيووروفائبروم]] * [[ميلگننٽ پيريفيرل تنتي ڍڪ رسولي]] === تصويري جائزو === بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي جاچ لاءِ: * [[ايم آر آءِ]] سڀ کان بهتر طريقو آهي اهو ٻين طريقن (ايڪس-ري، سي ٽي اسڪين، الٽراسائونڊ) کان وڌيڪ واضح تصوير ڏئي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brun-Vergara |first1=Maria L. |last2=Reda |first2=Azza |last3=Puac-Polanco |first3=Paulo |last4=Zakhari |first4=Nader |last5=Shah |first5=Vinil |last6=Torres |first6=Carlos H. |title=MR Imaging of the Brachial Plexus |journal=Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America |date=May 2025 |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=331–350 |doi=10.1016/j.mric.2025.01.008 |pmid=40287250 }}</ref> === بيهوشي ۾ استعمال === {{Main|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار بلاڪ}} sstj4kvi0g6v9ul6snhlu1i6timmq08 373167 373166 2026-04-24T13:10:18Z Intisar Ali 8681 373167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|تنتن جو ڄار}} {{Infobox nerve |Name = بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار |Location = |Function = تنتن جو ڄار (تنتي [[پلڪسس]]) جيڪو ٻانهن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ |Latin = plexus brachialis |Image = Gray808.png |Caption = ساڄي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنهنجي ننڍين شاخن سان، سامهون کان ڏيکاريل |Image2 = PLEXUS BRACHIALIS.jpg |Caption2 = ڄار جون پاڙون، ٽرنڪ ۽ ڪنڊ هڪ ڪٽيل [[ڪڊيور|ڪڊيوري]] نموني ۾ ڏيکاريل }} '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' تنتن جو هڪ ڄار ([[تنتي ڄار]]) آهي، جيڪو [[اڳيان شاخون]] مان ٺهي ٿو، جيڪي هيٺين چار [[ريڙهي تنت#گردني تنتون|گردني تنت]] ۽ پهرين [[ريڙهي تنت#ٿوريڪڪ تنتون|ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] (C5، C6، C7، C8، ۽ T1) مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هي ڄار [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان نڪري [[گردني-بغلي رستو|گردني-بغلي رستي]] ذريعي ڳچي مان گذري، پهرين پاسيري مٿان ٿيندي [[بغل]] تائين پهچي ٿو، ۽ [[حسي تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي تنتي ريشي]] کي [[سينو|سيني]]، [[ڪلھو|ڪلھي]]، [[ٻانھن]]، [[ٻانهن جو هيٺيون حصو|ٻانھن جي ھيٺين حصي]] ۽ [[هٿ]] تائين فراهم ڪري ٿو۔ == بناوٽ == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي پنج ''پاڙون''، ٽي ''ٿڙ'' (ٽرنڪ)، ڇهه ''ورهاستون'' (ٽي اڳيون ۽ ٽي پٺيون)، ٽي ''ڏوريون'' (cords) ۽ پنج ''شاخن'' ۾ ورهايل آھن۔ پنج "آخري" شاخون هونديون آهن ۽ ڪيترين ٻين "اڳ-آخري" يا "ساٿي" شاخون به هونديون آهن، جهڙوڪ [[سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]]، [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] ۽ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]]، جيڪي ڄار مان مختلف هنڌن تي نڪرنديون آهن۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy">{{cite book|last1=Kawai|first1=H|last2=Kawabata|first2=H|title=Brachial Plexus Palsy|date=2000|publisher=World Scientific|location=Singapore|isbn=9810231393|pages=6, 20}}</ref><ref name="Anatomy and Physiology">{{cite book|last1=Saladin|first1=Kenneth|title=Anatomy and Physiology|date=2015|publisher=McGraw Hill|location=New York|isbn=9789814646437|pages=489–491|edition=7}}</ref> مئل جسم جي تشريح ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ هڪ عام بناوٽ M يا W جي شڪل هوندي آهي، جيڪا [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، پاسي واري تند، [[ميڊين تنت]]، وچ واري تند ۽ [[النر تنت]] مان ٺهندي آهي۔ === پاڙون === پنج '''پاڙون''' اصل ۾ پنج [[اڳيان بنيادي شاخون]] آهن، جيڪي [[ريڙهي تنت]] مان نڪرنديون آهن، جڏهن اهي اڳ ۾ ئي [[ڳچي]] جي ڏورن کي پنهنجو حصو ڏئي چڪيون هونديون آهن۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنج سطحن تي نڪري ٿو: C5، C6، C7، C8 ۽ T1۔ C5 ۽ C6 گڏ ٿي مٿيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا، C7 وچولو ٿڙ بڻجي ٿو، جڏهن ته C8 ۽ T1 گڏ ٿي هيٺيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هن ۾ تبديليون به ٿينديون آهن، جهڙوڪ C4 يا T2 جي شموليت۔ [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] مٿئين ٽرنڪ مان نڪري [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا|رومبوئڊ ڏورن]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪي اسڪاپولا کي پوئتي ڇڪين ٿا۔ [[سبڪليووين تنت]] C5 ۽ C6 مان نڪري [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو ساهه کڻڻ دوران پهرين پسلي کي مٿي کڻڻ ۾ مدد ڪري ٿو۔ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] C5، C6 ۽ C7 مان نڪري [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏورو|سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏوري]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو اسڪاپولا کي ٻاهر طرف کڻي وڃي ٿو۔ === ٿڙ === اهي پاڙون گڏ ٿي '''ٿڙ''' (ٽرنڪ) ٺاهين ٿيون: * "[[مٿيون ٿڙ|مٿيون]]" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]–[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]) * "وچولو" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]]) * "هيٺيون" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 8|C8]]–[[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1|T1]]) === ورهاستون === هر ٽرنڪ ٻه حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو، جن مان ڇهه '''ورهاستون''' ٺهن ٿيون: * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون اڳيون ورهاستون * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون پٺيون ورهاستون اناٽامي جي حالت ۾، اڳيون ورهاستون پٺين کان مٿاهيون (سطحي) هونديون آهن۔ === ڏوريون (Cords) === اهي ڇهه ورهاستون ٻيهر گڏ ٿي ٽي '''ڏوريون''' (وڏا ريشيدار گُچ) ٺاهين ٿيون۔ ڏورين جا نالا [[بغل واري شريان]] جي لحاظ سان رکيا ويا آهن: * ''[[پٺين ڏوري]]'' — ٽنهي پٺين ورهاستن مان ٺهيل (C5–C8، T1) * ''[[پاسي وارو ڏوري]]'' — مٿين ۽ وچولي ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاستن مان (C5–C7) * ''[[وچ واري ڏوري]]'' — هيٺين ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاست جو تسلسل (C8، T1) === خاڪو === {{Brachial plexus diagram}} {{Clear}} === شاخون === '''شاخون''' هيٺ ڏنل آهن۔ گهڻيون شاخون ڏورين cords مان نڪرنديون آهن، پر ڪجهه شاخون (جيڪي ترڇي نموني ڏيکاريل آهن) سڌو اڳين بناوٽن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ کاٻي پاسي واريون پنج شاخون "آخري شاخون" سمجهيون وڃن ٿيون۔ اهي آخري شاخون هي آهن: [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، [[ايڪسيلري تنت]]، [[ريڊيئل تنت]]، [[ميڊين تنت]] ۽ [[النر تنت]]۔ ڇو ته [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] ۽ [[ميڊين تنت]] ٻئي پاسي واري ڪنڊ مان نڪرندا آهن، تنهن ڪري اهي هڪ ٻئي سان ويجهي طرح ڳنڍيل هوندا آهن۔ اهو پڻ ڏٺو ويو آهي ته [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] هڪ شاخ [[ميڊين تنت]] ڏانهن موڪلي ٿو، جنهن سان انهن جو لاڳاپو وڌيڪ مضبوط ٿئي ٿو۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy"/> شاخن جي بناوٽ ۾ ڪجهه تبديليون پڻ رپورٽ ٿيون آهن، پر اهي تمام گهٽ ٿينديون آهن۔<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Goel|first1=Shivi|last2=Rustagi|first2=SM|last3=Kumar|first3=A|last4=Mehta|first4=V|last5=Suri|first5=RK|title=Multiple unilateral variations in medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus and their branches|journal=Anatomy & Cell Biology|date=Mar 13, 2014|volume=47|issue=1|pages=77–80|doi=10.5115/acb.2014.47.1.77|pmc=3968270|pmid=24693486}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yadav |first1=Yash |last2=Ray |first2=Rahul |last3=Mohsin |first3=Azmi |last4=Arora |first4=Shashwat |last5=Alauddin |first5=Waqas |last6=Prajesh |first6=Brishabh |last7=Singh |first7=Ishita |date=October 15, 2025 |title=Anatomical Variation in the Formation of the Median Nerve With Triple and Quadruple Roots of Origin: A Cadaveric Case Report |url=https://www.cureus.com/articles/423428-anatomical-variation-in-the-formation-of-the-median-nerve-with-triple-and-quadruple-roots-of-origin-a-cadaveric-case-report#!/ |journal=Cureus |volume=17 |issue=10 |doi=10.7759/cureus.94612 |doi-access=free |pmc=12616203 }}</ref> '''ٿلهي اکرن''' ۾ ڏيکاريل پاڙون ڪنهن تنت جو بنيادي حصو ظاهر ڪن ٿيون، جڏهن ته ''ترڇي'' ۾ ڏيکاريل پاڙون اهي آهن جيڪي اڪثر، پر هميشه نه، ان تنت ۾ حصو وٺن ٿيون۔ {| class="wikitable" |- | مان || تنت || پاڙون<ref name=Moore_table>{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=K.L. |last2=Agur |first2=A.M. |year=2007 |title=Essential Clinical Anatomy |edition=3rd |location=Baltimore |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |pages=430–1 |isbn=978-0-7817-6274-8}}</ref> || ڏورا || [[جلدي فراهمي|جلدي]] |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || ''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 4|C4]]'', '''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]''' || [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا]] ۽ [[ليويٽر اسڪاپولي]] || - |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] || '''C5''', '''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]''', [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]] || [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر]] || - |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[فرينڪ تنت]] ڏانهن شاخ || '''C3، C4، C5''' || [[ٿوراڪو ايبڊومينل ڊائيفرام]] || - |- style="background:#ccffcc" | مٿيون ٽرنڪ || [[سبڪليويوس ڏوري لاءِ تنت]] || ''C5'', '''C6''' || [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] || - |- style="background:#ccffcc" | مٿيون ٽرنڪ || [[سُپراسڪاپيولر تنت]] || '''C5''', C6 || [[سُپراسپينيٽس]] ۽ [[اِنفراسپينيٽس]] || - |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[پاسي وارو پيڪٽورل تنت]] || C5، '''C6''', C7 || [[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] ۽ [[پيڪٽورالس مائنر]] || - |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] || C5، C6، C7 || [[ڪوراڪو براڪيئلس]]، [[براڪيئلس]] ۽ [[بائيسپس براڪيئي]] || [[ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت]] |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[ميڊين تنت]] جي پاسي واري پاڙ || ''C5'', C6، C7 || ميڊين تنت ڏانهن ريشا || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[مٿيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || C5، C6 || [[سب اسڪاپيولرس]] (مٿيون حصو) || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] || C6، '''C7''', C8 || [[ليٽيسمس ڊورسي]] || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[هيٺيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || C5، C6 || سب اسڪاپيولرس (هيٺيون حصو) ۽ [[ٽيريس ميجر]] || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ايڪسيلري تنت]] || '''C5''', C6 || [[ڊيلٽوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽيريس مائنر]] || [[ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي]] |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ريڊيئل تنت]] || C5، C6، C7، C8، T1 || [[ٽرائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[سپينيٽر]]، [[اينڪونيس]] ۽ ايڪسٽينسر ڏورا || ٻانهن ۽ اڳئين هٿ جي پٺئين چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[وچ وارو پيڪٽورل تنت]] || C8، T1 || [[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] ۽ [[پيڪٽورالس مائنر]] || - |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ميڊين تنت]] جي وچ واري پاڙ || C8، T1 || ٻانهن جا فليڪسر ڏورا ۽ هٿ جا ڪجهه ڏورا || هٿ جي ڪجهه چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ٻانهن جي وچ واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت]] || C8، T1 || - || ٻانهن جي اڳين ۽ وچ واري چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ٻانهن جي وچ واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت (هيٺيون حصو)]] || C8، T1 || - || اڳئين هٿ جي وچ واري چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[النر تنت]] || C7، C8، T1 || هٿ جا اندروني ڏورا ۽ ڪجهه فليڪسر ڏورا || هٿ جي وچ واري چمڙي |} == ڪم == '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' ٻانهن جي چمڙي ۽ ڏورن کي تنتي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، سواءِ ٻن استثنائن جي: * [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو]] (جنهن کي [[اسپائنل ايڪسيسري تنت]] فراهمي ڏئي ٿو) * بغل جي ويجهو چمڙي جو هڪ حصو (جنهن کي [[انٽرڪوسٽو بريڪيئل تنت]] فراهمي ڏئي ٿو) بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار [[سمپٿٽڪ ٿڙ]] ذريعي ڳنڍيل هوندو آهي، جتي "گري رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس" (gray rami communicantes) ذريعي ڄار جي پاڙن سان رابطو قائم ٿئي ٿو۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون آخري شاخون ([[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، [[ايڪسيلري تنت]]، [[ريڊيئل تنت]]، [[ميڊين تنت]] ۽ [[النر تنت]]) سڀئي خاص حسي، حرڪتي ۽ پروپريوسپٽيو (جسم جي پوزيشن جو احساس) ڪم سرانجام ڏين ٿيون۔<ref>{{Cite book|title=Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function|url=https://archive.org/details/anatomyphysiolog00sala_012|url-access=limited|last=Saladin|first=Kenneth|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2007|isbn=9789814646437|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/anatomyphysiolog00sala_012/page/n505 491]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nysora.com/techniques/nerve-stimulator-and-surface-based-ra-techniques/upper-extremitya/3260-axillary-brachial-plexus-block.html|title=Axillary Brachial Plexus Block|date=2013-09-20|website=www.nysora.com|publisher=New York School of Regional Anesthesia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712104919/http://www.nysora.com/techniques/nerve-stimulator-and-surface-based-ra-techniques/upper-extremitya/3260-axillary-brachial-plexus-block.html|archive-date=2017-07-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !'''آخري شاخ''' !حسي فراهمي !ڏورن کي فراهمي |- |[[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] |اڳئين هٿ جي اڳئين-پاسي واري چمڙي |[[براڪيئلس]]، [[بائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[ڪوراڪو براڪيئلس]] |- |[[ايڪسيلري تنت]] |ڪلهي ۽ مٿئين ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي |[[ڊيلٽوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽيريس مائنر]] |- |[[ريڊيئل تنت]] |ٻانهن جي پٺئين حصي ۽ اڳئين هٿ جي پٺئين چمڙي |[[ٽرائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[براڪيو ريڊيئلس]]، [[اينڪونيس]] ۽ ايڪسٽينسر ڏورا |- |[[ميڊين تنت]] |هٿ جي پاسي واري 2/3 چمڙي ۽ آڱرين 1–4 جا ڇيڙا |اڳئين هٿ جا فليڪسر ڏورا، ٿينر علائقو، هٿ جا لُمبريڪل (1–2) |- |[[النر تنت]] |هٿ جي تري ۽ وچ واري پاسي جي چمڙي ۽ آڱريون 3–5 |هائپوٿينر ھنڌ، ڪجهه فليڪسر ڏورا، انگوٺي جو ايڊڊڪٽر، لُمبريڪل (3–4)، انٽروسيوس ڏورا |} == طبي اهميت == === زخم === [[File:Brachial Plexus Injury during Motorcycle accident.jpg|thumb|هي موٽر سائيڪل سوار جي فرش سان هڪ زاويي تي ٽڪرائجڻ جو نقلي مثال ڏيکاري ٿو، جنهن سان بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون تنتون زخمي ٿي سگهن ٿيون۔ تصوير ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي ته مٿو ۽ ڪلهو تمام گهڻو الڳ ٿي وڃن ٿا، جنهن سان وچ واري علائقي جون تنتون ڇڪي يا ڦاٽي سگهن ٿيون۔ حفاظتي سامان مٿي جي سامهون واري پاسي اضافي سهارو ڏئي ڳچيءَ جي حد کان وڌيڪ ڇڪجڻ کي روڪي، تنتي نقصان کان بچائڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿو۔]] {{Main|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم}} [[File:Brachial Plexus.png|thumb|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو ڪلاويڪل ۽ سبڪليووين شريان سان لاڳاپو]] [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم]] ٻانهن جي مختلف حصن جي حس يا حرڪت کي متاثر ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ زخم ڪلهي جي هيٺ دٻجڻ ۽ مٿي جي مٿي ڇڪجڻ سبب ٿي سگهي ٿو، جنهن سان تنتون ڇڪي يا ڦاٽي سگهن ٿيون۔ غلط پوزيشن سان لاڳاپيل زخمن ۾ عام طور تي ٻين پيريفيرل تنتي گروهن جي ڀيٽ ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون تنتون وڌيڪ متاثر ٿينديون آهن۔<ref name="Missingor">{{cite journal |pmid=3342585 |year=1988 |last1=Cooper |first1=DE |last2=Jenkins |first2=RS |last3=Bready |first3=L |last4=Rockwood Jr |first4=CA |title=The prevention of injuries of the brachial plexus secondary to malposition of the patient during surgery |issue=228 |pages=33–41 |journal=Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research |volume=228 |doi=10.1097/00003086-198803000-00005}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1302/0301-620X.95B1.29625 |title=Iatropathic brachial plexus injury: A complication of delayed fixation of clavicle fractures |year=2013 |last1=Jeyaseelan |first1=L. |last2=Singh |first2=V. K. |last3=Ghosh |first3=S. |last4=Sinisi |first4=M. |last5=Fox |first5=M. |journal=The Bone & Joint Journal |volume=95-B |issue=1 |pages=106–10 |pmid=23307682}}</ref> بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون تنتون پوزيشن جي لحاظ کان تمام حساس هونديون آهن، تنهنڪري اهڙن زخمن کان بچاءَ جا طريقا تمام محدود آهن۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمن جا سڀ کان عام متاثر ماڻهو موٽر گاڏين جي حادثن جا شڪار ۽ نوان ڄاول ٻار هوندا آهن۔<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Midha |first1=Rajiv |journal=Neurosurgery |title=Epidemiology of Brachial Plexus Injuries in a Multitrauma Population |pmid=9179891 |year=1997 |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=1182–8; discussion 1188–9 |doi=10.1097/00006123-199706000-00014}}</ref> زخم ڇڪجڻ، بيمارين، يا ڳچيءَ جي پاسي واري گردني علائقي ([[پوسٽيرير ٽرائنگل]]) يا بغل ۾ زخم سبب ٿي سگهن ٿا۔ زخم جي هنڌ مطابق نشانين ۽ علامتن جو دائرو مڪمل فالج کان وٺي بيحسي تائين ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ مريض جي حرڪتون ڪرڻ جي صلاحيت کي جانچڻ ۽ ان کي سندس نارمل پاسي سان ڀيٽڻ، فالج جي شدت جو اندازو لڳائڻ جو هڪ طريقو آهي۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو هڪ عام زخم سخت ڪري پوندي وقت ٿيندو آهي، جتي ڪلهو ڳچيءَ کان تمام گهڻو پري ٿي وڃي ٿو، جيئن موٽر سائيڪل حادثي يا وڻ تان ڪرڻ جي صورت ۾۔ اهڙي ڇڪ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي مٿين حصن ۾ ڦاٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿي يا پاڙن کي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان ڇڪي الڳ ڪري سگهي ٿي۔ مٿئين بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جا زخم نون ڄاول ٻارن ۾ عام آهن، جڏهن ڄمڻ دوران ڳچيءَ جي حد کان وڌيڪ ڇڪ ٿئي ٿي۔ اڀياسن نئين ڄاول ٻار جي وزن ۽ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمن ۾ تعلق ڏيکاريو آهي؛ بهرحال، هڪ واحد زخم کان بچڻ لاءِ گهڻن ڄمڻ وارن وزنن تي سيزرين ڊليورين جو گهربل تعداد گهڻو هوندو آهي۔<ref name="DoiSMissing">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00007-0 |title=Birth Weight as a Predictor of Brachial Plexus Injury |year=1997 |last1=Ecker |first1=Jeffrey L. |last2=Greenberg |first2=James A. |last3=Norwitz |first3=Errol R. |last4=Nadel |first4=Allan S. |last5=Repke |first5=John T. |journal=Obstetrics & Gynecology |volume=89 |issue=5 |pages=643–47 |pmid=9166293}}</ref> مٿئين بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمن ۾ انهن ڏورن ۾ فالج ٿيندو آهي جن کي C5 ۽ C6 فراهمي ڏين ٿا، جهڙوڪ ڊيلٽوئڊ، بائيسپس، بريڪيئلس ۽ بريڪيو ريڊيئلس۔ اهڙن زخمن سان مٿئين عضوي جي پاسي واري حصي ۾ حس جو نقصان پڻ عام آهي۔ هيٺيون بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم تمام گهٽ ٿيندو آهي، پر تڏهن ٿي سگهي ٿو جڏهن ڪو ماڻهو ڪري پوڻ کان بچڻ لاءِ ڪنهن شيءِ کي پڪڙي، يا ڄمڻ دوران ٻار جي مٿئين عضوي کي حد کان وڌيڪ ڇڪيو وڃي۔ اهڙي صورت ۾ هٿ جا ننڍا ڏورا متاثر ٿيندا آهن ۽ مڪمل مُٺ ٺاهڻ جي صلاحيت ختم ٿي سگهي ٿي۔<ref>{{cite book |last=Moore |first=Keith |title=Clinically Oriented Anatomy |year=2006 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Philadelphia |isbn=0-7817-3639-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/clinicallyorient00moor_1/page/778 778–81] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/clinicallyorient00moor_1/page/778 }}</ref> پري گينگليونڪ ۽ پوسٽ گينگليونڪ زخم ۾ فرق ڪرڻ لاءِ ڪلينڪي جاچ دوران ڊاڪٽر کي هي نقطا ذهن ۾ رکڻ گهرجن: پري گينگليونڪ زخمن ۾ ڪلاويڪل جي سطح کان مٿي حس جو نقصان، ٻي صورت ۾ بيحس هٿ ۾ درد، ساڳئي پاسي [[هورنر سنڊروم]]، ۽ انهن ڏورن جي ڪم جو نقصان ٿئي ٿو جن کي پاڙن مان سڌو نڪرندڙ شاخون فراهمي ڏين ٿيون؛ مثال طور، لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت جي فالج سبب اسڪاپولا جو پر وانگر ٻاهر نڪرڻ، ۽ فرينڪ تنت جي فالج سبب ساڳئي پاسي ڊائيفرام جو مٿي کڄڻ۔ تيز بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار نيورائٽس هڪ تنتي بيماري آهي، جنهن ۾ ڪلهي واري علائقي ۾ اوچتو شديد درد شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ ان کان سواءِ، ڪنڊن جي دٻجڻ سان درد ٻانهن ڏانهن پکڙجي سگهي ٿو، سن ٿيڻ، پيريسٿيزيا، اريٿيما ۽ هٿن جي ڪمزوري ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ اهڙي قسم جو زخم انهن ماڻهن ۾ عام آهي جيڪي مٿي کان مٿي ڪم ڪرڻ دوران ٻانهن کي گهڻي دير تائين حد کان وڌيڪ پاسي مٿي کڻي رکندا آهن۔ ==== راندين جا زخم ==== هڪ راندين وارو زخم، جيڪو رابطي وارين راندين، خاص طور تي آمريڪي فٽبال ۾ عام ٿي رهيو آهي، "اسٽنگر" سڏجي ٿو۔<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dimberg |first1=Elliot L. |last2=Burns |first2=Ted M. |date=July 2005 |title=Management of Common Neurologic Conditions in Sports |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |journal=Clinics in Sports Medicine |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=637–662 |doi=10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |pmid=16004923 |issn=0278-5919|url-access=subscription }}</ref> رانديگر کي ٽڪر ۾ هي زخم ٿي سگهي ٿو، جنهن سان گردني محوري دٻاءُ، موڙ، يا بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي تنتي پاڙن يا آخري شاخن جي ڇڪ يا وڌاءُ پيدا ٿئي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Elias|first1=Ilan|title=Recurrent burner syndrome due to presumed cervical spine osteoblastoma in a collision sport athlete - a case report|journal=Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury|date=2014 |volume=02 |pages=e61–e65 |doi=10.1186/1749-7221-2-13 |doi-access=free |pmid=17553154|pmc=1904218}}</ref> آمريڪي فوجي اڪيڊمي جي فٽبال رانديگرن تي ڪيل هڪ اڀياس ۾ محققن ڏٺو ته زخم جو سڀ کان عام طريقو اهو آهي ته "فڪس ٿيل بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار ڪلهي جي پيڊ ۽ مٿئين وچ واري اسڪاپولا جي وچ ۾ دٻجي وڃي، جڏهن پيڊ [[ايرب جو نقطو|ايرب جي نقطي]] واري علائقي ۾ دٻجي ٿو، جتي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار سڀ کان وڌيڪ سطحي هوندو آهي۔"<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cunnane|first1=M|title=A retrospective study looking at the incidence of 'stinger' injuries in professional rugby union players|journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine|date=2011|url=http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/45/15/A19.1.abstract|access-date=2015-02-12|doi=10.1136/bjsports-2011-090606.60|volume=45|issue=15|pages=A19.1–A19|url-access=subscription}}</ref> نتيجي ۾ "جلڻ" يا "چڀڻ" جهڙو درد پيدا ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو ڳچيءَ واري علائقي کان آڱرين جي ڇيڙن تائين پکڙجي ٿو۔ جيتوڻيڪ هي زخم عام طور تي صرف عارضي احساس پيدا ڪري ٿو، پر ڪجهه حالتن ۾ دائمي علامتون به پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ ==== گهُسندڙ زخم ==== گهڻا گهُسندڙ زخم فوري علاج گهرن ٿا ۽ انهن جي مرمت آسان نه هوندي آهي۔ مثال طور، بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار تي گهرو چاقوءَ جو زخم تنت کي نقصان پهچائي يا ڪٽي سگهي ٿو۔ ڪٽ جي هنڌ مطابق، اهو انهن ايڪشن پوٽينشلز کي روڪي سگهي ٿو جيڪي انهيءَ مخصوص تنت جي ڏوري يا ڏورن کي فراهمي ڏيڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندا آهن۔ ==== ڄمڻ دوران زخم ==== بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جا زخم نون ڄاول ٻارن جي ڄمڻ دوران ٿي سگهن ٿا، جڏهن مٿي جي ڄمڻ کان پوءِ ٻار جو اڳيون ڪلهو هٿ چراند کان سواءِ پيوبيڪ سمفائسس جي هيٺان نه لنگهي سگهي۔ اهڙي هٿ چراند ٻار جي ڪلهي کي ڇڪي سگهي ٿي، جنهن سان بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي مختلف درجن تائين نقصان پهچي سگهي ٿو۔<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brachial_plexus/brachial_plexus.htm|title=Brachial Plexus Injuries Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)|website=www.ninds.nih.gov|access-date=2016-11-28|archive-date=2016-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202230331/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brachial_plexus/brachial_plexus.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> هن قسم جي زخم کي [[ڪلهي جي ڊسٽوشيا]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ ڪلهي جي ڊسٽوشيا obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) جو سبب بڻجي سگهي ٿي، جيڪو حقيقت ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم آهي۔ آمريڪا ۾ OBPP جي شرح هر 1000 ڄمڻن ۾ 1.5 آهي، جڏهن ته برطانيا ۽ آئرلينڊ جمهوريا ۾ اها گهٽ آهي، يعني هر 1000 ڄمڻن ۾ 0.42۔<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Doumouchtsis|first1=Stergios K.|last2=Arulkumaran|first2=Sabaratnam|date=2009-09-01|title=Are all brachial plexus injuries caused by shoulder dystocia?|journal=Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey|volume=64|issue=9|pages=615–623|doi=10.1097/OGX.0b013e3181b27a3a|issn=1533-9866|pmid=19691859}}</ref> جيتوڻيڪ OBPP لاءِ ڄاتل خطري جا عنصر موجود ناهن، پر جيڪڏهن نئين ڄاول ٻار ۾ ڪلهي جي ڊسٽوشيا ٿئي، ته OBPP جو خطرو 100 ڀيرا وڌي وڃي ٿو۔ تنتي نقصان جو تعلق [[ڄمڻ وارو وزن]] سان ڏٺو ويو آهي، جتي وڏا [[نئون ڄاول ٻار]] [[زخم]] لاءِ وڌيڪ حساس هوندا آهن، پر اهو ڄمائڻ جي طريقن سان به لاڳاپيل آهي۔ جيتوڻيڪ زنده [[ڄمڻ]] دوران ان کان بچڻ تمام ڏکيو هوندو آهي، پر ڊاڪٽرن کي نئين ڄاول ٻار کي صحيح ۽ نرم حرڪتن سان ٻاهر آڻڻ گهرجي ته جيئن ٻار کي زخمي ٿيڻ جا امڪان گهٽجن۔ === علامتون === مٿين حصي جي زخمن (C5–C6) ۾: * [[ڊيلٽوئڊ]]، [[بائيسپس]] ۽ ٻين ڏورن ۾ فالج * ٻانهن جي پاسي واري حصي ۾ حس جو نقصان هيٺين حصي جي زخمن ۾: * هٿ جا ننڍا ڏورا متاثر ٿين ٿا * مٺي ٺاهي نه سگهڻ پريگينگليونڪ ۽ پوسٽ گينگليونڪ زخمن ۾ فرق ڪرڻ لاءِ: * ڪلاويڪل کان مٿي حس جو نقصان * بيحس هٿ ۾ به درد * [[هورنر سنڊروم]] * انهن ڏورن جي ڪمزوري جيڪي سڌي طرح پاڙن مان نڪرندڙ شاخن سان لاڳاپيل آهن تيز سوزش (acute neuritis): * ڪلهي ۾ شديد درد * هٿ ۾ پکڙجندڙ درد، سن ٿيڻ، سوڄ، ڪمزوري ڊگهي وقت تائين هٿ مٿي رکڻ سان به اهڙي تڪليف ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ==== راندين جا زخم ==== رابطي واري راندين (خاص ڪري آمريڪي فٽبال) ۾ هڪ عام زخم "اسٽنگر" سڏجي ٿو۔<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dimberg |first1=Elliot L. |last2=Burns |first2=Ted M. |date=July 2005 |title=Management of Common Neurologic Conditions in Sports |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |journal=Clinics in Sports Medicine |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=637–662 |doi=10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |pmid=16004923 }}</ref> هي تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن: * ڳچيءَ تي دٻاءُ * اڳتي يا پوئتي موڙ نتيجي ۾ ڳچيءَ کان آڱرين تائين "جلڻ جهڙو" درد پکڙجي ٿو۔ ==== چيري يا گهُسڻ وارا زخم ==== گهرا زخم (جهڙوڪ ڇري جا وار) تنتن کي ڪٽي سگهن ٿا، جنهن سان لاڳاپيل ڏورن جي حرڪت متاثر ٿي وڃي ٿي۔ ==== ڄمڻ وقت زخم ==== نئين ڄاول ٻارن ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن ٻار جو ڪلهو ڦاسي وڃي (shoulder dystocia)۔ ان سان obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) پيدا ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ === رسوليون (Tumors) === ممڪن رسوليون: * [[شوانوما]] * [[نيووروفائبروم]] * [[ميلگننٽ پيريفيرل تنتي ڍڪ رسولي]] === تصويري جائزو === بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي جاچ لاءِ: * [[ايم آر آءِ]] سڀ کان بهتر طريقو آهي اهو ٻين طريقن (ايڪس-ري، سي ٽي اسڪين، الٽراسائونڊ) کان وڌيڪ واضح تصوير ڏئي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brun-Vergara |first1=Maria L. |last2=Reda |first2=Azza |last3=Puac-Polanco |first3=Paulo |last4=Zakhari |first4=Nader |last5=Shah |first5=Vinil |last6=Torres |first6=Carlos H. |title=MR Imaging of the Brachial Plexus |journal=Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America |date=May 2025 |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=331–350 |doi=10.1016/j.mric.2025.01.008 |pmid=40287250 }}</ref> === بيهوشي ۾ استعمال === {{Main|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار بلاڪ}} bhhwe5alc8p2m19qzoz4amizcmw9j9h 373169 373167 2026-04-24T13:55:59Z Intisar Ali 8681 373169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|تنتن جو ڄار}} {{Infobox nerve |Name = بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار |Location = |Function = تنتن جو ڄار (تنتي [[پلڪسس]]) جيڪو ٻانهن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ |Latin = plexus brachialis |Image = Gray808.png |Caption = ساڄي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنهنجي ننڍين شاخن سان، سامهون کان ڏيکاريل |Image2 = PLEXUS BRACHIALIS.jpg |Caption2 = ڄار جون پاڙون، ٽرنڪ ۽ ڪنڊ هڪ ڪٽيل [[ڪڊيور|ڪڊيوري]] نموني ۾ ڏيکاريل }} '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' تنتن جو هڪ ڄار ([[تنتي ڄار]]) آهي، جيڪو [[اڳيان شاخون]] مان ٺهي ٿو، جيڪي هيٺين چار [[ريڙهي تنت#گردني تنتون|گردني تنت]] ۽ پهرين [[ريڙهي تنت#ٿوريڪڪ تنتون|ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] (C5، C6، C7، C8، ۽ T1) مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هي ڄار [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان نڪري [[گردني-بغلي رستو|گردني-بغلي رستي]] ذريعي ڳچي مان گذري، پهرين پاسيري مٿان ٿيندي [[بغل]] تائين پهچي ٿو، ۽ [[حسي تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي تنتي ريشي]] کي [[سينو|سيني]]، [[ڪلھو|ڪلھي]]، [[ٻانھن]]، [[ٻانهن جو هيٺيون حصو|ٻانھن جي ھيٺين حصي]] ۽ [[هٿ]] تائين فراهم ڪري ٿو۔ == بناوٽ == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي پنج ''پاڙون''، ٽي ''ٿڙ'' (ٽرنڪ)، ڇهه ''ورهاستون'' (ٽي اڳيون ۽ ٽي پٺيون)، ٽي ''ڏوريون'' (cords) ۽ پنج ''شاخن'' ۾ ورهايل آھن۔ پنج "آخري" شاخون هونديون آهن ۽ ڪيترين ٻين "اڳ-آخري" يا "ساٿي" شاخون به هونديون آهن، جهڙوڪ [[سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]]، [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] ۽ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]]، جيڪي ڄار مان مختلف هنڌن تي نڪرنديون آهن۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy">{{cite book|last1=Kawai|first1=H|last2=Kawabata|first2=H|title=Brachial Plexus Palsy|date=2000|publisher=World Scientific|location=Singapore|isbn=9810231393|pages=6, 20}}</ref><ref name="Anatomy and Physiology">{{cite book|last1=Saladin|first1=Kenneth|title=Anatomy and Physiology|date=2015|publisher=McGraw Hill|location=New York|isbn=9789814646437|pages=489–491|edition=7}}</ref> مئل جسم جي تشريح ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ هڪ عام بناوٽ M يا W جي شڪل هوندي آهي، جيڪا [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، پاسي واري تند، [[ميڊين تنت]]، وچ واري تند ۽ [[النر تنت]] مان ٺهندي آهي۔ === پاڙون === پنج '''پاڙون''' اصل ۾ پنج [[اڳيان بنيادي شاخون]] آهن، جيڪي [[ريڙهي تنت]] مان نڪرنديون آهن، جڏهن اهي اڳ ۾ ئي [[ڳچي]] جي ڏورن کي پنهنجو حصو ڏئي چڪيون هونديون آهن۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنج سطحن تي نڪري ٿو: C5، C6، C7، C8 ۽ T1۔ C5 ۽ C6 گڏ ٿي مٿيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا، C7 وچولو ٿڙ بڻجي ٿو، جڏهن ته C8 ۽ T1 گڏ ٿي هيٺيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هن ۾ تبديليون به ٿينديون آهن، جهڙوڪ C4 يا T2 جي شموليت۔ [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] مٿئين ٽرنڪ مان نڪري [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا|رومبوئڊ ڏورن]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪي اسڪاپولا کي پوئتي ڇڪين ٿا۔ [[سبڪليووين تنت]] C5 ۽ C6 مان نڪري [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو ساهه کڻڻ دوران پهرين پسلي کي مٿي کڻڻ ۾ مدد ڪري ٿو۔ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] C5، C6 ۽ C7 مان نڪري [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏورو|سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏوري]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو اسڪاپولا کي ٻاهر طرف کڻي وڃي ٿو۔ === ٿڙ === اهي پاڙون گڏ ٿي '''ٿڙ''' (ٽرنڪ) ٺاهين ٿيون: * "[[مٿيون ٿڙ|مٿيون]]" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]–[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]) * "وچولو" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]]) * "هيٺيون" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 8|C8]]–[[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1|T1]]) === ورهاستون === هر ٽرنڪ ٻه حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو، جن مان ڇهه '''ورهاستون''' ٺهن ٿيون: * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون اڳيون ورهاستون * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون پٺيون ورهاستون اناٽامي جي حالت ۾، اڳيون ورهاستون پٺين کان مٿاهيون (سطحي) هونديون آهن۔ === ڏوريون (Cords) === اهي ڇهه ورهاستون ٻيهر گڏ ٿي ٽي '''ڏوريون''' (وڏا ريشيدار گُچ) ٺاهين ٿيون۔ ڏورين جا نالا [[بغل واري شريان]] جي لحاظ سان رکيا ويا آهن: * ''[[پٺين ڏوري]]'' — ٽنهي پٺين ورهاستن مان ٺهيل (C5–C8، T1) * ''[[پاسي وارو ڏوري]]'' — مٿين ۽ وچولي ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاستن مان (C5–C7) * ''[[وچ واري ڏوري]]'' — هيٺين ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاست جو تسلسل (C8، T1) === خاڪو === {{Brachial plexus diagram}} {{Clear}} === شاخون === '''شاخون''' هيٺ ڏنل آهن۔ گهڻيون شاخون ڏورين cords مان نڪرنديون آهن، پر ڪجهه شاخون (جيڪي ترڇي نموني ڏيکاريل آهن) سڌو اڳين بناوٽن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ کاٻي پاسي واريون پنج شاخون "آخري شاخون" سمجهيون وڃن ٿيون۔ اهي آخري شاخون هي آهن: [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، [[ايڪسيلري تنت]]، [[ريڊيئل تنت]]، [[ميڊين تنت]] ۽ [[النر تنت]]۔ ڇو ته [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] ۽ [[ميڊين تنت]] ٻئي پاسي واري ڪنڊ مان نڪرندا آهن، تنهن ڪري اهي هڪ ٻئي سان ويجهي طرح ڳنڍيل هوندا آهن۔ اهو پڻ ڏٺو ويو آهي ته [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] هڪ شاخ [[ميڊين تنت]] ڏانهن موڪلي ٿو، جنهن سان انهن جو لاڳاپو وڌيڪ مضبوط ٿئي ٿو۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy"/> شاخن جي بناوٽ ۾ ڪجهه تبديليون پڻ رپورٽ ٿيون آهن، پر اهي تمام گهٽ ٿينديون آهن۔<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Goel|first1=Shivi|last2=Rustagi|first2=SM|last3=Kumar|first3=A|last4=Mehta|first4=V|last5=Suri|first5=RK|title=Multiple unilateral variations in medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus and their branches|journal=Anatomy & Cell Biology|date=Mar 13, 2014|volume=47|issue=1|pages=77–80|doi=10.5115/acb.2014.47.1.77|pmc=3968270|pmid=24693486}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yadav |first1=Yash |last2=Ray |first2=Rahul |last3=Mohsin |first3=Azmi |last4=Arora |first4=Shashwat |last5=Alauddin |first5=Waqas |last6=Prajesh |first6=Brishabh |last7=Singh |first7=Ishita |date=October 15, 2025 |title=Anatomical Variation in the Formation of the Median Nerve With Triple and Quadruple Roots of Origin: A Cadaveric Case Report |url=https://www.cureus.com/articles/423428-anatomical-variation-in-the-formation-of-the-median-nerve-with-triple-and-quadruple-roots-of-origin-a-cadaveric-case-report#!/ |journal=Cureus |volume=17 |issue=10 |doi=10.7759/cureus.94612 |doi-access=free |pmc=12616203 }}</ref> '''ٿلهي اکرن''' ۾ ڏيکاريل پاڙون ڪنهن تنت جو بنيادي حصو ظاهر ڪن ٿيون، جڏهن ته ''ترڇي'' ۾ ڏيکاريل پاڙون اهي آهن جيڪي اڪثر، پر هميشه نه، ان تنت ۾ حصو وٺن ٿيون۔ {| class="wikitable" |- | مان || تنت || پاڙون<ref name=Moore_table>{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=K.L. |last2=Agur |first2=A.M. |year=2007 |title=Essential Clinical Anatomy |edition=3rd |location=Baltimore |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |pages=430–1 |isbn=978-0-7817-6274-8}}</ref> || ڏورا || [[جلدي فراهمي|جلدي]] |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || ''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 4|C4]]'', '''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]''' || [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا]] ۽ [[ليويٽر اسڪاپولي]] || - |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] || '''C5''', '''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]''', [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]] || [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر]] || - |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[فرينڪ تنت]] ڏانهن شاخ || '''C3، C4، C5''' || [[ٿوراڪو ايبڊومينل ڊائيفرام]] || - |- style="background:#ccffcc" | مٿيون ٽرنڪ || [[سبڪليويوس ڏوري لاءِ تنت]] || ''C5'', '''C6''' || [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] || - |- style="background:#ccffcc" | مٿيون ٽرنڪ || [[سُپراسڪاپيولر تنت]] || '''C5''', C6 || [[سُپراسپينيٽس]] ۽ [[اِنفراسپينيٽس]] || - |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[پاسي وارو پيڪٽورل تنت]] || C5، '''C6''', C7 || [[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] ۽ [[پيڪٽورالس مائنر]] || - |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] || C5، C6، C7 || [[ڪوراڪو براڪيئلس]]، [[براڪيئلس]] ۽ [[بائيسپس براڪيئي]] || [[ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت]] |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[ميڊين تنت]] جي پاسي واري پاڙ || ''C5'', C6، C7 || ميڊين تنت ڏانهن ريشا || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[مٿيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || C5، C6 || [[سب اسڪاپيولرس]] (مٿيون حصو) || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] || C6، '''C7''', C8 || [[ليٽيسمس ڊورسي]] || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[هيٺيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || C5، C6 || سب اسڪاپيولرس (هيٺيون حصو) ۽ [[ٽيريس ميجر]] || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ايڪسيلري تنت]] || '''C5''', C6 || [[ڊيلٽوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽيريس مائنر]] || [[ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي]] |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ريڊيئل تنت]] || C5، C6، C7، C8، T1 || [[ٽرائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[سپينيٽر]]، [[اينڪونيس]] ۽ ايڪسٽينسر ڏورا || ٻانهن ۽ اڳئين هٿ جي پٺئين چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[وچ وارو پيڪٽورل تنت]] || C8، T1 || [[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] ۽ [[پيڪٽورالس مائنر]] || - |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ميڊين تنت]] جي وچ واري پاڙ || C8، T1 || ٻانهن جا فليڪسر ڏورا ۽ هٿ جا ڪجهه ڏورا || هٿ جي ڪجهه چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ٻانهن جي وچ واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت]] || C8، T1 || - || ٻانهن جي اڳين ۽ وچ واري چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ٻانهن جي وچ واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت (هيٺيون حصو)]] || C8، T1 || - || اڳئين هٿ جي وچ واري چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[النر تنت]] || C7، C8، T1 || هٿ جا اندروني ڏورا ۽ ڪجهه فليڪسر ڏورا || هٿ جي وچ واري چمڙي |} == ڪم == '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' ٻانهن جي چمڙي ۽ ڏورن کي تنتي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، سواءِ ٻن استثنائن جي: * [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو]] (جنهن کي [[اسپائنل ايڪسيسري تنت]] فراهمي ڏئي ٿو) * بغل جي ويجهو چمڙي جو هڪ حصو (جنهن کي [[انٽرڪوسٽو بريڪيئل تنت]] فراهمي ڏئي ٿو) بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار [[سمپٿٽڪ ٿڙ]] ذريعي ڳنڍيل هوندو آهي، جتي "گري رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس" (gray rami communicantes) ذريعي ڄار جي پاڙن سان رابطو قائم ٿئي ٿو۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون آخري شاخون ([[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، [[ايڪسيلري تنت]]، [[ريڊيئل تنت]]، [[ميڊين تنت]] ۽ [[النر تنت]]) سڀئي خاص حسي، حرڪتي ۽ پروپريوسپٽيو (جسم جي پوزيشن جو احساس) ڪم سرانجام ڏين ٿيون۔<ref>{{Cite book|title=Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function|url=https://archive.org/details/anatomyphysiolog00sala_012|url-access=limited|last=Saladin|first=Kenneth|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2007|isbn=9789814646437|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/anatomyphysiolog00sala_012/page/n505 491]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nysora.com/techniques/nerve-stimulator-and-surface-based-ra-techniques/upper-extremitya/3260-axillary-brachial-plexus-block.html|title=Axillary Brachial Plexus Block|date=2013-09-20|website=www.nysora.com|publisher=New York School of Regional Anesthesia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712104919/http://www.nysora.com/techniques/nerve-stimulator-and-surface-based-ra-techniques/upper-extremitya/3260-axillary-brachial-plexus-block.html|archive-date=2017-07-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !'''آخري شاخ''' !حسي فراهمي !ڏورن کي فراهمي |- |[[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] |اڳئين هٿ جي اڳئين-پاسي واري چمڙي |[[براڪيئلس]]، [[بائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[ڪوراڪو براڪيئلس]] |- |[[ايڪسيلري تنت]] |ڪلهي ۽ مٿئين ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي |[[ڊيلٽوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽيريس مائنر]] |- |[[ريڊيئل تنت]] |ٻانهن جي پٺئين حصي ۽ اڳئين هٿ جي پٺئين چمڙي |[[ٽرائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[براڪيو ريڊيئلس]]، [[اينڪونيس]] ۽ ايڪسٽينسر ڏورا |- |[[ميڊين تنت]] |هٿ جي پاسي واري 2/3 چمڙي ۽ آڱرين 1–4 جا ڇيڙا |اڳئين هٿ جا فليڪسر ڏورا، ٿينر علائقو، هٿ جا لُمبريڪل (1–2) |- |[[النر تنت]] |هٿ جي تري ۽ وچ واري پاسي جي چمڙي ۽ آڱريون 3–5 |هائپوٿينر ھنڌ، ڪجهه فليڪسر ڏورا، انگوٺي جو ايڊڊڪٽر، لُمبريڪل (3–4)، انٽروسيوس ڏورا |} == طبي اهميت == === زخم === [[File:Brachial Plexus Injury during Motorcycle accident.jpg|thumb|هي موٽر سائيڪل سوار جي فرش سان هڪ زاويي تي ٽڪرائجڻ جو نقلي مثال ڏيکاري ٿو، جنهن سان بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون تنتون زخمي ٿي سگهن ٿيون۔ تصوير ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي ته مٿو ۽ ڪلهو تمام گهڻو الڳ ٿي وڃن ٿا، جنهن سان وچ واري علائقي جون تنتون ڇڪي يا ڦاٽي سگهن ٿيون۔ حفاظتي سامان مٿي جي سامهون واري پاسي اضافي سهارو ڏئي ڳچيءَ جي حد کان وڌيڪ ڇڪجڻ کي روڪي، تنتي نقصان کان بچائڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿو۔]] {{Main|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم}} [[File:Brachial Plexus.png|thumb|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو ڪلاويڪل ۽ سبڪليووين شريان سان لاڳاپو]] [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم]] ٻانهن جي مختلف حصن جي حس يا حرڪت کي متاثر ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ زخم ڪلهي جي هيٺ دٻجڻ ۽ مٿي جي مٿي ڇڪجڻ سبب ٿي سگهي ٿو، جنهن سان تنتون ڇڪي يا ڦاٽي سگهن ٿيون۔ غلط پوزيشن سان لاڳاپيل زخمن ۾ عام طور تي ٻين پيريفيرل تنتي گروهن جي ڀيٽ ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون تنتون وڌيڪ متاثر ٿينديون آهن۔<ref name="Missingor">{{cite journal |pmid=3342585 |year=1988 |last1=Cooper |first1=DE |last2=Jenkins |first2=RS |last3=Bready |first3=L |last4=Rockwood Jr |first4=CA |title=The prevention of injuries of the brachial plexus secondary to malposition of the patient during surgery |issue=228 |pages=33–41 |journal=Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research |volume=228 |doi=10.1097/00003086-198803000-00005}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1302/0301-620X.95B1.29625 |title=Iatropathic brachial plexus injury: A complication of delayed fixation of clavicle fractures |year=2013 |last1=Jeyaseelan |first1=L. |last2=Singh |first2=V. K. |last3=Ghosh |first3=S. |last4=Sinisi |first4=M. |last5=Fox |first5=M. |journal=The Bone & Joint Journal |volume=95-B |issue=1 |pages=106–10 |pmid=23307682}}</ref> بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون تنتون پوزيشن جي لحاظ کان تمام حساس هونديون آهن، تنهنڪري اهڙن زخمن کان بچاءَ جا طريقا تمام محدود آهن۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمن جا سڀ کان عام متاثر ماڻهو موٽر گاڏين جي حادثن جا شڪار ۽ نوان ڄاول ٻار هوندا آهن۔<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Midha |first1=Rajiv |journal=Neurosurgery |title=Epidemiology of Brachial Plexus Injuries in a Multitrauma Population |pmid=9179891 |year=1997 |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=1182–8; discussion 1188–9 |doi=10.1097/00006123-199706000-00014}}</ref> زخم ڇڪجڻ، بيمارين، يا ڳچيءَ جي پاسي واري گردني علائقي ([[پوسٽيرير ٽرائنگل]]) يا بغل ۾ زخم سبب ٿي سگهن ٿا۔ زخم جي هنڌ مطابق نشانين ۽ علامتن جو دائرو مڪمل فالج کان وٺي بيحسي تائين ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ مريض جي حرڪتون ڪرڻ جي صلاحيت کي جانچڻ ۽ ان کي سندس نارمل پاسي سان ڀيٽڻ، فالج جي شدت جو اندازو لڳائڻ جو هڪ طريقو آهي۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو هڪ عام زخم سخت ڪري پوندي وقت ٿيندو آهي، جتي ڪلهو ڳچيءَ کان تمام گهڻو پري ٿي وڃي ٿو، جيئن موٽر سائيڪل حادثي يا وڻ تان ڪرڻ جي صورت ۾۔ اهڙي ڇڪ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي مٿين حصن ۾ ڦاٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿي يا پاڙن کي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان ڇڪي الڳ ڪري سگهي ٿي۔ مٿئين بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جا زخم نون ڄاول ٻارن ۾ عام آهن، جڏهن ڄمڻ دوران ڳچيءَ جي حد کان وڌيڪ ڇڪ ٿئي ٿي۔ اڀياسن نئين ڄاول ٻار جي وزن ۽ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمن ۾ تعلق ڏيکاريو آهي؛ بهرحال، هڪ واحد زخم کان بچڻ لاءِ گهڻن ڄمڻ وارن وزنن تي سيزرين ڊليورين جو گهربل تعداد گهڻو هوندو آهي۔<ref name="DoiSMissing">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00007-0 |title=Birth Weight as a Predictor of Brachial Plexus Injury |year=1997 |last1=Ecker |first1=Jeffrey L. |last2=Greenberg |first2=James A. |last3=Norwitz |first3=Errol R. |last4=Nadel |first4=Allan S. |last5=Repke |first5=John T. |journal=Obstetrics & Gynecology |volume=89 |issue=5 |pages=643–47 |pmid=9166293}}</ref> مٿئين بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمن ۾ انهن ڏورن ۾ فالج ٿيندو آهي جن کي C5 ۽ C6 فراهمي ڏين ٿا، جهڙوڪ ڊيلٽوئڊ، بائيسپس، بريڪيئلس ۽ بريڪيو ريڊيئلس۔ اهڙن زخمن سان مٿئين عضوي جي پاسي واري حصي ۾ حس جو نقصان پڻ عام آهي۔ هيٺيون بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم تمام گهٽ ٿيندو آهي، پر تڏهن ٿي سگهي ٿو جڏهن ڪو ماڻهو ڪري پوڻ کان بچڻ لاءِ ڪنهن شيءِ کي پڪڙي، يا ڄمڻ دوران ٻار جي مٿئين عضوي کي حد کان وڌيڪ ڇڪيو وڃي۔ اهڙي صورت ۾ هٿ جا ننڍا ڏورا متاثر ٿيندا آهن ۽ مڪمل مُٺ ٺاهڻ جي صلاحيت ختم ٿي سگهي ٿي۔<ref>{{cite book |last=Moore |first=Keith |title=Clinically Oriented Anatomy |year=2006 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Philadelphia |isbn=0-7817-3639-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/clinicallyorient00moor_1/page/778 778–81] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/clinicallyorient00moor_1/page/778 }}</ref> پري گينگليونڪ ۽ پوسٽ گينگليونڪ زخم ۾ فرق ڪرڻ لاءِ ڪلينڪي جاچ دوران ڊاڪٽر کي هي نقطا ذهن ۾ رکڻ گهرجن: پري گينگليونڪ زخمن ۾ ڪلاويڪل جي سطح کان مٿي حس جو نقصان، ٻي صورت ۾ بيحس هٿ ۾ درد، ساڳئي پاسي [[هورنر سنڊروم]]، ۽ انهن ڏورن جي ڪم جو نقصان ٿئي ٿو جن کي پاڙن مان سڌو نڪرندڙ شاخون فراهمي ڏين ٿيون؛ مثال طور، لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت جي فالج سبب اسڪاپولا جو پر وانگر ٻاهر نڪرڻ، ۽ فرينڪ تنت جي فالج سبب ساڳئي پاسي ڊائيفرام جو مٿي کڄڻ۔ تيز بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار نيورائٽس هڪ تنتي بيماري آهي، جنهن ۾ ڪلهي واري علائقي ۾ اوچتو شديد درد شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ ان کان سواءِ، ڪنڊن جي دٻجڻ سان درد ٻانهن ڏانهن پکڙجي سگهي ٿو، سن ٿيڻ، پيريسٿيزيا، اريٿيما ۽ هٿن جي ڪمزوري ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ اهڙي قسم جو زخم انهن ماڻهن ۾ عام آهي جيڪي مٿي کان مٿي ڪم ڪرڻ دوران ٻانهن کي گهڻي دير تائين حد کان وڌيڪ پاسي مٿي کڻي رکندا آهن۔ ==== راندين جا زخم ==== هڪ راندين وارو زخم، جيڪو رابطي وارين راندين، خاص طور تي آمريڪي فٽبال ۾ عام ٿي رهيو آهي، "اسٽنگر" سڏجي ٿو۔<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dimberg |first1=Elliot L. |last2=Burns |first2=Ted M. |date=July 2005 |title=Management of Common Neurologic Conditions in Sports |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |journal=Clinics in Sports Medicine |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=637–662 |doi=10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |pmid=16004923 |issn=0278-5919|url-access=subscription }}</ref> رانديگر کي ٽڪر ۾ هي زخم ٿي سگهي ٿو، جنهن سان گردني محوري دٻاءُ، موڙ، يا بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي تنتي پاڙن يا آخري شاخن جي ڇڪ يا وڌاءُ پيدا ٿئي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Elias|first1=Ilan|title=Recurrent burner syndrome due to presumed cervical spine osteoblastoma in a collision sport athlete - a case report|journal=Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury|date=2014 |volume=02 |pages=e61–e65 |doi=10.1186/1749-7221-2-13 |doi-access=free |pmid=17553154|pmc=1904218}}</ref> آمريڪي فوجي اڪيڊمي جي فٽبال رانديگرن تي ڪيل هڪ اڀياس ۾ محققن ڏٺو ته زخم جو سڀ کان عام طريقو اهو آهي ته "فڪس ٿيل بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار ڪلهي جي پيڊ ۽ مٿئين وچ واري اسڪاپولا جي وچ ۾ دٻجي وڃي، جڏهن پيڊ [[ايرب جو نقطو|ايرب جي نقطي]] واري علائقي ۾ دٻجي ٿو، جتي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار سڀ کان وڌيڪ سطحي هوندو آهي۔"<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cunnane|first1=M|title=A retrospective study looking at the incidence of 'stinger' injuries in professional rugby union players|journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine|date=2011|url=http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/45/15/A19.1.abstract|access-date=2015-02-12|doi=10.1136/bjsports-2011-090606.60|volume=45|issue=15|pages=A19.1–A19|url-access=subscription}}</ref> نتيجي ۾ "جلڻ" يا "چڀڻ" جهڙو درد پيدا ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو ڳچيءَ واري علائقي کان آڱرين جي ڇيڙن تائين پکڙجي ٿو۔ جيتوڻيڪ هي زخم عام طور تي صرف عارضي احساس پيدا ڪري ٿو، پر ڪجهه حالتن ۾ دائمي علامتون به پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ ==== گهُسندڙ زخم ==== گهڻا گهُسندڙ زخم فوري علاج گهرن ٿا ۽ انهن جي مرمت آسان نه هوندي آهي۔ مثال طور، بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار تي گهرو چاقوءَ جو زخم تنت کي نقصان پهچائي يا ڪٽي سگهي ٿو۔ ڪٽ جي هنڌ مطابق، اهو انهن ايڪشن پوٽينشلز کي روڪي سگهي ٿو جيڪي انهيءَ مخصوص تنت جي ڏوري يا ڏورن کي فراهمي ڏيڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندا آهن۔ ==== ڄمڻ دوران زخم ==== بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جا زخم نون ڄاول ٻارن جي ڄمڻ دوران ٿي سگهن ٿا، جڏهن مٿي جي ڄمڻ کان پوءِ ٻار جو اڳيون ڪلهو هٿ چراند کان سواءِ پيوبيڪ سمفائسس جي هيٺان نه لنگهي سگهي۔ اهڙي هٿ چراند ٻار جي ڪلهي کي ڇڪي سگهي ٿي، جنهن سان بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي مختلف درجن تائين نقصان پهچي سگهي ٿو۔<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brachial_plexus/brachial_plexus.htm|title=Brachial Plexus Injuries Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)|website=www.ninds.nih.gov|access-date=2016-11-28|archive-date=2016-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202230331/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brachial_plexus/brachial_plexus.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> هن قسم جي زخم کي [[ڪلهي جي ڊسٽوشيا]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ ڪلهي جي ڊسٽوشيا obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) جو سبب بڻجي سگهي ٿي، جيڪو حقيقت ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم آهي۔ آمريڪا ۾ OBPP جي شرح هر 1000 ڄمڻن ۾ 1.5 آهي، جڏهن ته برطانيا ۽ آئرلينڊ جمهوريا ۾ اها گهٽ آهي، يعني هر 1000 ڄمڻن ۾ 0.42۔<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Doumouchtsis|first1=Stergios K.|last2=Arulkumaran|first2=Sabaratnam|date=2009-09-01|title=Are all brachial plexus injuries caused by shoulder dystocia?|journal=Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey|volume=64|issue=9|pages=615–623|doi=10.1097/OGX.0b013e3181b27a3a|issn=1533-9866|pmid=19691859}}</ref> جيتوڻيڪ OBPP لاءِ ڄاتل خطري جا عنصر موجود ناهن، پر جيڪڏهن نئين ڄاول ٻار ۾ ڪلهي جي ڊسٽوشيا ٿئي، ته OBPP جو خطرو 100 ڀيرا وڌي وڃي ٿو۔ تنتي نقصان جو تعلق [[ڄمڻ وارو وزن]] سان ڏٺو ويو آهي، جتي وڏا [[نئون ڄاول ٻار]] [[زخم]] لاءِ وڌيڪ حساس هوندا آهن، پر اهو ڄمائڻ جي طريقن سان به لاڳاپيل آهي۔ جيتوڻيڪ زنده [[ڄمڻ]] دوران ان کان بچڻ تمام ڏکيو هوندو آهي، پر ڊاڪٽرن کي نئين ڄاول ٻار کي صحيح ۽ نرم حرڪتن سان ٻاهر آڻڻ گهرجي ته جيئن ٻار کي زخمي ٿيڻ جا امڪان گهٽجن۔ === علامتون === مٿين حصي جي زخمن (C5–C6) ۾: * [[ڊيلٽوئڊ]]، [[بائيسپس]] ۽ ٻين ڏورن ۾ فالج * ٻانهن جي پاسي واري حصي ۾ حس جو نقصان هيٺين حصي جي زخمن ۾: * هٿ جا ننڍا ڏورا متاثر ٿين ٿا * مٺي ٺاهي نه سگهڻ پريگينگليونڪ ۽ پوسٽ گينگليونڪ زخمن ۾ فرق ڪرڻ لاءِ: * ڪلاويڪل کان مٿي حس جو نقصان * بيحس هٿ ۾ به درد * [[هورنر سنڊروم]] * انهن ڏورن جي ڪمزوري جيڪي سڌي طرح پاڙن مان نڪرندڙ شاخن سان لاڳاپيل آهن تيز سوزش (acute neuritis): * ڪلهي ۾ شديد درد * هٿ ۾ پکڙجندڙ درد، سن ٿيڻ، سوڄ، ڪمزوري ڊگهي وقت تائين هٿ مٿي رکڻ سان به اهڙي تڪليف ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ==== راندين جا زخم ==== رابطي واري راندين (خاص ڪري آمريڪي فٽبال) ۾ هڪ عام زخم "اسٽنگر" سڏجي ٿو۔<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dimberg |first1=Elliot L. |last2=Burns |first2=Ted M. |date=July 2005 |title=Management of Common Neurologic Conditions in Sports |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |journal=Clinics in Sports Medicine |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=637–662 |doi=10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |pmid=16004923 }}</ref> هي تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن: * ڳچيءَ تي دٻاءُ * اڳتي يا پوئتي موڙ نتيجي ۾ ڳچيءَ کان آڱرين تائين "جلڻ جهڙو" درد پکڙجي ٿو۔ ==== چيري يا گهُسڻ وارا زخم ==== گهرا زخم (جهڙوڪ ڇري جا وار) تنتن کي ڪٽي سگهن ٿا، جنهن سان لاڳاپيل ڏورن جي حرڪت متاثر ٿي وڃي ٿي۔ ==== ڄمڻ وقت زخم ==== نئين ڄاول ٻارن ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن ٻار جو ڪلهو ڦاسي وڃي (shoulder dystocia)۔ ان سان obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) پيدا ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ === رسوليون (Tumors) === ممڪن رسوليون: * [[شوانوما]] * [[نيووروفائبروم]] * [[ميلگننٽ پيريفيرل تنتي ڍڪ رسولي]] === تصويري جائزو === بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي جاچ لاءِ: * [[ايم آر آءِ]] سڀ کان بهتر طريقو آهي اهو ٻين طريقن (ايڪس-ري، سي ٽي اسڪين، الٽراسائونڊ) کان وڌيڪ واضح تصوير ڏئي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brun-Vergara |first1=Maria L. |last2=Reda |first2=Azza |last3=Puac-Polanco |first3=Paulo |last4=Zakhari |first4=Nader |last5=Shah |first5=Vinil |last6=Torres |first6=Carlos H. |title=MR Imaging of the Brachial Plexus |journal=Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America |date=May 2025 |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=331–350 |doi=10.1016/j.mric.2025.01.008 |pmid=40287250 }}</ref> === بيهوشي ۾ استعمال === {{Main|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار بلاڪ}} == پڻ ڏسو == * [[تنتي ڄار]] * [[ڪرينيئل تنت]] * [[ريڙهي تنت]] * [[اناٽامي يادگيرين جي فهرست#بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار|اناٽامي يادگيرين جي فهرست]] == اضافي تصويرون == <gallery> File:Gray523.png|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار [[بريڪيئل شريان]] کي چوڌاري گهيري ٿو۔ File:Gray809.png|ساڄي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي انفراڪلاويڪيولر حصي جون تنتون، ايڪسيلري فوسا ۾ File:Axilla.jpg|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو سڀ کان ٻاهريون (ڊسٽل) حصو، ڪٽيل ڪڊيوري نموني مان ڏيکاريل File:Slide10b.JPG|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار File:Branches of Brachial plexus.jpeg|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون شاخون ڏيکاريندڙ مائنڊ ميپ File:Slide3ZEO.JPG|ريڙهه جي هڏي۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار۔ سيريبرم۔ هيٺيون ڏيک۔ گهري تشريح۔ File:Brachial plexus color.svg|رنگن سان بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو خاڪو، جنهن ۾ هر تنتي پاڙ جي شاخن ۾ شموليت ڏيکاريل آهي File:Brachial_Plexus_Logical_Schematic.svg|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار، جنهن ۾ C5–T1 جي وينٽرل بنيادي شاخن جون سڀ شاخون شامل آهن۔ ڄار جي لاڳاپن ۽ شاخن کي سکڻ لاءِ يادگيريون به شامل آهن۔ File:Spinal nerve no text.svg|ريڙهي تنت جا ملايل ريشا </gallery> == حوالا == {{Reflist|2}} == ببليوگرافي == *{{cite book|last1=Saladin|first1=Kenneth|title=Anatomy and Physiology|date=2014|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|page=491|edition=7th}} *{{cite web|last1=Kishner|first1=Stephen|title=Brachial Plexus Anatomy|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1877731-overview#a1|website=Medscape|publisher=WebMD|access-date=29 Nov 2015}} == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == {{Commons category|Brachial plexus}} * [https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/brachial-plexus بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم/تصوير، سنسناٽي چلڊرنز هاسپيٽل ميڊيڪل سينٽر] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060209184028/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/15/brachial_plex_how_to.pdf پنج منٽن يا گهٽ وقت ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار سکڻ] ڊينيئل ايس روم، ايم ڊي ۽ ڊينس اي چو چو، ايم ڊي * [https://www.anatomyguy.com/axilla-and-brach cbcuxmzhksci9b6xcr6rk91nwpum0zr 373170 373169 2026-04-24T13:57:27Z Intisar Ali 8681 373170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|تنتن جو ڄار}} {{Infobox nerve |Name = بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار |Location = |Function = تنتن جو ڄار (تنتي [[پلڪسس]]) جيڪو ٻانهن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ |Latin = plexus brachialis |Image = Gray808.png |Caption = ساڄي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنهنجي ننڍين شاخن سان، سامهون کان ڏيکاريل |Image2 = PLEXUS BRACHIALIS.jpg |Caption2 = ڄار جون پاڙون، ٽرنڪ ۽ ڪنڊ هڪ ڪٽيل [[ڪڊيور|ڪڊيوري]] نموني ۾ ڏيکاريل }} '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' ('''Brachial Plexus''') تنتن جو هڪ ڄار ([[تنتي ڄار]]) آهي، جيڪو [[اڳيان شاخون]] مان ٺهي ٿو، جيڪي هيٺين چار [[ريڙهي تنت#گردني تنتون|گردني تنت]] ۽ پهرين [[ريڙهي تنت#ٿوريڪڪ تنتون|ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] (C5، C6، C7، C8، ۽ T1) مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هي ڄار [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان نڪري [[گردني-بغلي رستو|گردني-بغلي رستي]] ذريعي ڳچي مان گذري، پهرين پاسيري مٿان ٿيندي [[بغل]] تائين پهچي ٿو، ۽ [[حسي تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي تنتي ريشي]] کي [[سينو|سيني]]، [[ڪلھو|ڪلھي]]، [[ٻانھن]]، [[ٻانهن جو هيٺيون حصو|ٻانھن جي ھيٺين حصي]] ۽ [[هٿ]] تائين فراهم ڪري ٿو۔ == بناوٽ == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي پنج ''پاڙون''، ٽي ''ٿڙ'' (ٽرنڪ)، ڇهه ''ورهاستون'' (ٽي اڳيون ۽ ٽي پٺيون)، ٽي ''ڏوريون'' (cords) ۽ پنج ''شاخن'' ۾ ورهايل آھن۔ پنج "آخري" شاخون هونديون آهن ۽ ڪيترين ٻين "اڳ-آخري" يا "ساٿي" شاخون به هونديون آهن، جهڙوڪ [[سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]]، [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] ۽ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]]، جيڪي ڄار مان مختلف هنڌن تي نڪرنديون آهن۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy">{{cite book|last1=Kawai|first1=H|last2=Kawabata|first2=H|title=Brachial Plexus Palsy|date=2000|publisher=World Scientific|location=Singapore|isbn=9810231393|pages=6, 20}}</ref><ref name="Anatomy and Physiology">{{cite book|last1=Saladin|first1=Kenneth|title=Anatomy and Physiology|date=2015|publisher=McGraw Hill|location=New York|isbn=9789814646437|pages=489–491|edition=7}}</ref> مئل جسم جي تشريح ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ هڪ عام بناوٽ M يا W جي شڪل هوندي آهي، جيڪا [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، پاسي واري تند، [[ميڊين تنت]]، وچ واري تند ۽ [[النر تنت]] مان ٺهندي آهي۔ === پاڙون === پنج '''پاڙون''' اصل ۾ پنج [[اڳيان بنيادي شاخون]] آهن، جيڪي [[ريڙهي تنت]] مان نڪرنديون آهن، جڏهن اهي اڳ ۾ ئي [[ڳچي]] جي ڏورن کي پنهنجو حصو ڏئي چڪيون هونديون آهن۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنج سطحن تي نڪري ٿو: C5، C6، C7، C8 ۽ T1۔ C5 ۽ C6 گڏ ٿي مٿيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا، C7 وچولو ٿڙ بڻجي ٿو، جڏهن ته C8 ۽ T1 گڏ ٿي هيٺيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هن ۾ تبديليون به ٿينديون آهن، جهڙوڪ C4 يا T2 جي شموليت۔ [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] مٿئين ٽرنڪ مان نڪري [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا|رومبوئڊ ڏورن]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪي اسڪاپولا کي پوئتي ڇڪين ٿا۔ [[سبڪليووين تنت]] C5 ۽ C6 مان نڪري [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو ساهه کڻڻ دوران پهرين پسلي کي مٿي کڻڻ ۾ مدد ڪري ٿو۔ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] C5، C6 ۽ C7 مان نڪري [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏورو|سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏوري]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو اسڪاپولا کي ٻاهر طرف کڻي وڃي ٿو۔ === ٿڙ === اهي پاڙون گڏ ٿي '''ٿڙ''' (ٽرنڪ) ٺاهين ٿيون: * "[[مٿيون ٿڙ|مٿيون]]" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]–[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]) * "وچولو" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]]) * "هيٺيون" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 8|C8]]–[[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1|T1]]) === ورهاستون === هر ٽرنڪ ٻه حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو، جن مان ڇهه '''ورهاستون''' ٺهن ٿيون: * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون اڳيون ورهاستون * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون پٺيون ورهاستون اناٽامي جي حالت ۾، اڳيون ورهاستون پٺين کان مٿاهيون (سطحي) هونديون آهن۔ === ڏوريون (Cords) === اهي ڇهه ورهاستون ٻيهر گڏ ٿي ٽي '''ڏوريون''' (وڏا ريشيدار گُچ) ٺاهين ٿيون۔ ڏورين جا نالا [[بغل واري شريان]] جي لحاظ سان رکيا ويا آهن: * ''[[پٺين ڏوري]]'' — ٽنهي پٺين ورهاستن مان ٺهيل (C5–C8، T1) * ''[[پاسي وارو ڏوري]]'' — مٿين ۽ وچولي ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاستن مان (C5–C7) * ''[[وچ واري ڏوري]]'' — هيٺين ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاست جو تسلسل (C8، T1) === خاڪو === {{Brachial plexus diagram}} {{Clear}} === شاخون === '''شاخون''' هيٺ ڏنل آهن۔ گهڻيون شاخون ڏورين cords مان نڪرنديون آهن، پر ڪجهه شاخون (جيڪي ترڇي نموني ڏيکاريل آهن) سڌو اڳين بناوٽن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ کاٻي پاسي واريون پنج شاخون "آخري شاخون" سمجهيون وڃن ٿيون۔ اهي آخري شاخون هي آهن: [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، [[ايڪسيلري تنت]]، [[ريڊيئل تنت]]، [[ميڊين تنت]] ۽ [[النر تنت]]۔ ڇو ته [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] ۽ [[ميڊين تنت]] ٻئي پاسي واري ڪنڊ مان نڪرندا آهن، تنهن ڪري اهي هڪ ٻئي سان ويجهي طرح ڳنڍيل هوندا آهن۔ اهو پڻ ڏٺو ويو آهي ته [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] هڪ شاخ [[ميڊين تنت]] ڏانهن موڪلي ٿو، جنهن سان انهن جو لاڳاپو وڌيڪ مضبوط ٿئي ٿو۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy"/> شاخن جي بناوٽ ۾ ڪجهه تبديليون پڻ رپورٽ ٿيون آهن، پر اهي تمام گهٽ ٿينديون آهن۔<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Goel|first1=Shivi|last2=Rustagi|first2=SM|last3=Kumar|first3=A|last4=Mehta|first4=V|last5=Suri|first5=RK|title=Multiple unilateral variations in medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus and their branches|journal=Anatomy & Cell Biology|date=Mar 13, 2014|volume=47|issue=1|pages=77–80|doi=10.5115/acb.2014.47.1.77|pmc=3968270|pmid=24693486}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yadav |first1=Yash |last2=Ray |first2=Rahul |last3=Mohsin |first3=Azmi |last4=Arora |first4=Shashwat |last5=Alauddin |first5=Waqas |last6=Prajesh |first6=Brishabh |last7=Singh |first7=Ishita |date=October 15, 2025 |title=Anatomical Variation in the Formation of the Median Nerve With Triple and Quadruple Roots of Origin: A Cadaveric Case Report |url=https://www.cureus.com/articles/423428-anatomical-variation-in-the-formation-of-the-median-nerve-with-triple-and-quadruple-roots-of-origin-a-cadaveric-case-report#!/ |journal=Cureus |volume=17 |issue=10 |doi=10.7759/cureus.94612 |doi-access=free |pmc=12616203 }}</ref> '''ٿلهي اکرن''' ۾ ڏيکاريل پاڙون ڪنهن تنت جو بنيادي حصو ظاهر ڪن ٿيون، جڏهن ته ''ترڇي'' ۾ ڏيکاريل پاڙون اهي آهن جيڪي اڪثر، پر هميشه نه، ان تنت ۾ حصو وٺن ٿيون۔ {| class="wikitable" |- | مان || تنت || پاڙون<ref name=Moore_table>{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=K.L. |last2=Agur |first2=A.M. |year=2007 |title=Essential Clinical Anatomy |edition=3rd |location=Baltimore |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |pages=430–1 |isbn=978-0-7817-6274-8}}</ref> || ڏورا || [[جلدي فراهمي|جلدي]] |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || ''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 4|C4]]'', '''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]''' || [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا]] ۽ [[ليويٽر اسڪاپولي]] || - |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] || '''C5''', '''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]''', [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]] || [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر]] || - |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[فرينڪ تنت]] ڏانهن شاخ || '''C3، C4، C5''' || [[ٿوراڪو ايبڊومينل ڊائيفرام]] || - |- style="background:#ccffcc" | مٿيون ٽرنڪ || [[سبڪليويوس ڏوري لاءِ تنت]] || ''C5'', '''C6''' || [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] || - |- style="background:#ccffcc" | مٿيون ٽرنڪ || [[سُپراسڪاپيولر تنت]] || '''C5''', C6 || [[سُپراسپينيٽس]] ۽ [[اِنفراسپينيٽس]] || - |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[پاسي وارو پيڪٽورل تنت]] || C5، '''C6''', C7 || [[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] ۽ [[پيڪٽورالس مائنر]] || - |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] || C5، C6، C7 || [[ڪوراڪو براڪيئلس]]، [[براڪيئلس]] ۽ [[بائيسپس براڪيئي]] || [[ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت]] |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[ميڊين تنت]] جي پاسي واري پاڙ || ''C5'', C6، C7 || ميڊين تنت ڏانهن ريشا || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[مٿيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || C5، C6 || [[سب اسڪاپيولرس]] (مٿيون حصو) || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] || C6، '''C7''', C8 || [[ليٽيسمس ڊورسي]] || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[هيٺيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || C5، C6 || سب اسڪاپيولرس (هيٺيون حصو) ۽ [[ٽيريس ميجر]] || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ايڪسيلري تنت]] || '''C5''', C6 || [[ڊيلٽوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽيريس مائنر]] || [[ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي]] |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ريڊيئل تنت]] || C5، C6، C7، C8، T1 || [[ٽرائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[سپينيٽر]]، [[اينڪونيس]] ۽ ايڪسٽينسر ڏورا || ٻانهن ۽ اڳئين هٿ جي پٺئين چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[وچ وارو پيڪٽورل تنت]] || C8، T1 || [[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] ۽ [[پيڪٽورالس مائنر]] || - |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ميڊين تنت]] جي وچ واري پاڙ || C8، T1 || ٻانهن جا فليڪسر ڏورا ۽ هٿ جا ڪجهه ڏورا || هٿ جي ڪجهه چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ٻانهن جي وچ واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت]] || C8، T1 || - || ٻانهن جي اڳين ۽ وچ واري چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ٻانهن جي وچ واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت (هيٺيون حصو)]] || C8، T1 || - || اڳئين هٿ جي وچ واري چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[النر تنت]] || C7، C8، T1 || هٿ جا اندروني ڏورا ۽ ڪجهه فليڪسر ڏورا || هٿ جي وچ واري چمڙي |} == ڪم == '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' ٻانهن جي چمڙي ۽ ڏورن کي تنتي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، سواءِ ٻن استثنائن جي: * [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو]] (جنهن کي [[اسپائنل ايڪسيسري تنت]] فراهمي ڏئي ٿو) * بغل جي ويجهو چمڙي جو هڪ حصو (جنهن کي [[انٽرڪوسٽو بريڪيئل تنت]] فراهمي ڏئي ٿو) بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار [[سمپٿٽڪ ٿڙ]] ذريعي ڳنڍيل هوندو آهي، جتي "گري رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس" (gray rami communicantes) ذريعي ڄار جي پاڙن سان رابطو قائم ٿئي ٿو۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون آخري شاخون ([[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، [[ايڪسيلري تنت]]، [[ريڊيئل تنت]]، [[ميڊين تنت]] ۽ [[النر تنت]]) سڀئي خاص حسي، حرڪتي ۽ پروپريوسپٽيو (جسم جي پوزيشن جو احساس) ڪم سرانجام ڏين ٿيون۔<ref>{{Cite book|title=Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function|url=https://archive.org/details/anatomyphysiolog00sala_012|url-access=limited|last=Saladin|first=Kenneth|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2007|isbn=9789814646437|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/anatomyphysiolog00sala_012/page/n505 491]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nysora.com/techniques/nerve-stimulator-and-surface-based-ra-techniques/upper-extremitya/3260-axillary-brachial-plexus-block.html|title=Axillary Brachial Plexus Block|date=2013-09-20|website=www.nysora.com|publisher=New York School of Regional Anesthesia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712104919/http://www.nysora.com/techniques/nerve-stimulator-and-surface-based-ra-techniques/upper-extremitya/3260-axillary-brachial-plexus-block.html|archive-date=2017-07-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !'''آخري شاخ''' !حسي فراهمي !ڏورن کي فراهمي |- |[[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] |اڳئين هٿ جي اڳئين-پاسي واري چمڙي |[[براڪيئلس]]، [[بائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[ڪوراڪو براڪيئلس]] |- |[[ايڪسيلري تنت]] |ڪلهي ۽ مٿئين ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي |[[ڊيلٽوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽيريس مائنر]] |- |[[ريڊيئل تنت]] |ٻانهن جي پٺئين حصي ۽ اڳئين هٿ جي پٺئين چمڙي |[[ٽرائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[براڪيو ريڊيئلس]]، [[اينڪونيس]] ۽ ايڪسٽينسر ڏورا |- |[[ميڊين تنت]] |هٿ جي پاسي واري 2/3 چمڙي ۽ آڱرين 1–4 جا ڇيڙا |اڳئين هٿ جا فليڪسر ڏورا، ٿينر علائقو، هٿ جا لُمبريڪل (1–2) |- |[[النر تنت]] |هٿ جي تري ۽ وچ واري پاسي جي چمڙي ۽ آڱريون 3–5 |هائپوٿينر ھنڌ، ڪجهه فليڪسر ڏورا، انگوٺي جو ايڊڊڪٽر، لُمبريڪل (3–4)، انٽروسيوس ڏورا |} == طبي اهميت == === زخم === [[File:Brachial Plexus Injury during Motorcycle accident.jpg|thumb|هي موٽر سائيڪل سوار جي فرش سان هڪ زاويي تي ٽڪرائجڻ جو نقلي مثال ڏيکاري ٿو، جنهن سان بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون تنتون زخمي ٿي سگهن ٿيون۔ تصوير ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي ته مٿو ۽ ڪلهو تمام گهڻو الڳ ٿي وڃن ٿا، جنهن سان وچ واري علائقي جون تنتون ڇڪي يا ڦاٽي سگهن ٿيون۔ حفاظتي سامان مٿي جي سامهون واري پاسي اضافي سهارو ڏئي ڳچيءَ جي حد کان وڌيڪ ڇڪجڻ کي روڪي، تنتي نقصان کان بچائڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿو۔]] {{Main|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم}} [[File:Brachial Plexus.png|thumb|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو ڪلاويڪل ۽ سبڪليووين شريان سان لاڳاپو]] [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم]] ٻانهن جي مختلف حصن جي حس يا حرڪت کي متاثر ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ زخم ڪلهي جي هيٺ دٻجڻ ۽ مٿي جي مٿي ڇڪجڻ سبب ٿي سگهي ٿو، جنهن سان تنتون ڇڪي يا ڦاٽي سگهن ٿيون۔ غلط پوزيشن سان لاڳاپيل زخمن ۾ عام طور تي ٻين پيريفيرل تنتي گروهن جي ڀيٽ ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون تنتون وڌيڪ متاثر ٿينديون آهن۔<ref name="Missingor">{{cite journal |pmid=3342585 |year=1988 |last1=Cooper |first1=DE |last2=Jenkins |first2=RS |last3=Bready |first3=L |last4=Rockwood Jr |first4=CA |title=The prevention of injuries of the brachial plexus secondary to malposition of the patient during surgery |issue=228 |pages=33–41 |journal=Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research |volume=228 |doi=10.1097/00003086-198803000-00005}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1302/0301-620X.95B1.29625 |title=Iatropathic brachial plexus injury: A complication of delayed fixation of clavicle fractures |year=2013 |last1=Jeyaseelan |first1=L. |last2=Singh |first2=V. K. |last3=Ghosh |first3=S. |last4=Sinisi |first4=M. |last5=Fox |first5=M. |journal=The Bone & Joint Journal |volume=95-B |issue=1 |pages=106–10 |pmid=23307682}}</ref> بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون تنتون پوزيشن جي لحاظ کان تمام حساس هونديون آهن، تنهنڪري اهڙن زخمن کان بچاءَ جا طريقا تمام محدود آهن۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمن جا سڀ کان عام متاثر ماڻهو موٽر گاڏين جي حادثن جا شڪار ۽ نوان ڄاول ٻار هوندا آهن۔<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Midha |first1=Rajiv |journal=Neurosurgery |title=Epidemiology of Brachial Plexus Injuries in a Multitrauma Population |pmid=9179891 |year=1997 |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=1182–8; discussion 1188–9 |doi=10.1097/00006123-199706000-00014}}</ref> زخم ڇڪجڻ، بيمارين، يا ڳچيءَ جي پاسي واري گردني علائقي ([[پوسٽيرير ٽرائنگل]]) يا بغل ۾ زخم سبب ٿي سگهن ٿا۔ زخم جي هنڌ مطابق نشانين ۽ علامتن جو دائرو مڪمل فالج کان وٺي بيحسي تائين ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ مريض جي حرڪتون ڪرڻ جي صلاحيت کي جانچڻ ۽ ان کي سندس نارمل پاسي سان ڀيٽڻ، فالج جي شدت جو اندازو لڳائڻ جو هڪ طريقو آهي۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو هڪ عام زخم سخت ڪري پوندي وقت ٿيندو آهي، جتي ڪلهو ڳچيءَ کان تمام گهڻو پري ٿي وڃي ٿو، جيئن موٽر سائيڪل حادثي يا وڻ تان ڪرڻ جي صورت ۾۔ اهڙي ڇڪ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي مٿين حصن ۾ ڦاٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿي يا پاڙن کي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان ڇڪي الڳ ڪري سگهي ٿي۔ مٿئين بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جا زخم نون ڄاول ٻارن ۾ عام آهن، جڏهن ڄمڻ دوران ڳچيءَ جي حد کان وڌيڪ ڇڪ ٿئي ٿي۔ اڀياسن نئين ڄاول ٻار جي وزن ۽ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمن ۾ تعلق ڏيکاريو آهي؛ بهرحال، هڪ واحد زخم کان بچڻ لاءِ گهڻن ڄمڻ وارن وزنن تي سيزرين ڊليورين جو گهربل تعداد گهڻو هوندو آهي۔<ref name="DoiSMissing">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00007-0 |title=Birth Weight as a Predictor of Brachial Plexus Injury |year=1997 |last1=Ecker |first1=Jeffrey L. |last2=Greenberg |first2=James A. |last3=Norwitz |first3=Errol R. |last4=Nadel |first4=Allan S. |last5=Repke |first5=John T. |journal=Obstetrics & Gynecology |volume=89 |issue=5 |pages=643–47 |pmid=9166293}}</ref> مٿئين بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمن ۾ انهن ڏورن ۾ فالج ٿيندو آهي جن کي C5 ۽ C6 فراهمي ڏين ٿا، جهڙوڪ ڊيلٽوئڊ، بائيسپس، بريڪيئلس ۽ بريڪيو ريڊيئلس۔ اهڙن زخمن سان مٿئين عضوي جي پاسي واري حصي ۾ حس جو نقصان پڻ عام آهي۔ هيٺيون بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم تمام گهٽ ٿيندو آهي، پر تڏهن ٿي سگهي ٿو جڏهن ڪو ماڻهو ڪري پوڻ کان بچڻ لاءِ ڪنهن شيءِ کي پڪڙي، يا ڄمڻ دوران ٻار جي مٿئين عضوي کي حد کان وڌيڪ ڇڪيو وڃي۔ اهڙي صورت ۾ هٿ جا ننڍا ڏورا متاثر ٿيندا آهن ۽ مڪمل مُٺ ٺاهڻ جي صلاحيت ختم ٿي سگهي ٿي۔<ref>{{cite book |last=Moore |first=Keith |title=Clinically Oriented Anatomy |year=2006 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Philadelphia |isbn=0-7817-3639-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/clinicallyorient00moor_1/page/778 778–81] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/clinicallyorient00moor_1/page/778 }}</ref> پري گينگليونڪ ۽ پوسٽ گينگليونڪ زخم ۾ فرق ڪرڻ لاءِ ڪلينڪي جاچ دوران ڊاڪٽر کي هي نقطا ذهن ۾ رکڻ گهرجن: پري گينگليونڪ زخمن ۾ ڪلاويڪل جي سطح کان مٿي حس جو نقصان، ٻي صورت ۾ بيحس هٿ ۾ درد، ساڳئي پاسي [[هورنر سنڊروم]]، ۽ انهن ڏورن جي ڪم جو نقصان ٿئي ٿو جن کي پاڙن مان سڌو نڪرندڙ شاخون فراهمي ڏين ٿيون؛ مثال طور، لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت جي فالج سبب اسڪاپولا جو پر وانگر ٻاهر نڪرڻ، ۽ فرينڪ تنت جي فالج سبب ساڳئي پاسي ڊائيفرام جو مٿي کڄڻ۔ تيز بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار نيورائٽس هڪ تنتي بيماري آهي، جنهن ۾ ڪلهي واري علائقي ۾ اوچتو شديد درد شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ ان کان سواءِ، ڪنڊن جي دٻجڻ سان درد ٻانهن ڏانهن پکڙجي سگهي ٿو، سن ٿيڻ، پيريسٿيزيا، اريٿيما ۽ هٿن جي ڪمزوري ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ اهڙي قسم جو زخم انهن ماڻهن ۾ عام آهي جيڪي مٿي کان مٿي ڪم ڪرڻ دوران ٻانهن کي گهڻي دير تائين حد کان وڌيڪ پاسي مٿي کڻي رکندا آهن۔ ==== راندين جا زخم ==== هڪ راندين وارو زخم، جيڪو رابطي وارين راندين، خاص طور تي آمريڪي فٽبال ۾ عام ٿي رهيو آهي، "اسٽنگر" سڏجي ٿو۔<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dimberg |first1=Elliot L. |last2=Burns |first2=Ted M. |date=July 2005 |title=Management of Common Neurologic Conditions in Sports |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |journal=Clinics in Sports Medicine |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=637–662 |doi=10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |pmid=16004923 |issn=0278-5919|url-access=subscription }}</ref> رانديگر کي ٽڪر ۾ هي زخم ٿي سگهي ٿو، جنهن سان گردني محوري دٻاءُ، موڙ، يا بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي تنتي پاڙن يا آخري شاخن جي ڇڪ يا وڌاءُ پيدا ٿئي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Elias|first1=Ilan|title=Recurrent burner syndrome due to presumed cervical spine osteoblastoma in a collision sport athlete - a case report|journal=Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury|date=2014 |volume=02 |pages=e61–e65 |doi=10.1186/1749-7221-2-13 |doi-access=free |pmid=17553154|pmc=1904218}}</ref> آمريڪي فوجي اڪيڊمي جي فٽبال رانديگرن تي ڪيل هڪ اڀياس ۾ محققن ڏٺو ته زخم جو سڀ کان عام طريقو اهو آهي ته "فڪس ٿيل بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار ڪلهي جي پيڊ ۽ مٿئين وچ واري اسڪاپولا جي وچ ۾ دٻجي وڃي، جڏهن پيڊ [[ايرب جو نقطو|ايرب جي نقطي]] واري علائقي ۾ دٻجي ٿو، جتي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار سڀ کان وڌيڪ سطحي هوندو آهي۔"<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cunnane|first1=M|title=A retrospective study looking at the incidence of 'stinger' injuries in professional rugby union players|journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine|date=2011|url=http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/45/15/A19.1.abstract|access-date=2015-02-12|doi=10.1136/bjsports-2011-090606.60|volume=45|issue=15|pages=A19.1–A19|url-access=subscription}}</ref> نتيجي ۾ "جلڻ" يا "چڀڻ" جهڙو درد پيدا ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو ڳچيءَ واري علائقي کان آڱرين جي ڇيڙن تائين پکڙجي ٿو۔ جيتوڻيڪ هي زخم عام طور تي صرف عارضي احساس پيدا ڪري ٿو، پر ڪجهه حالتن ۾ دائمي علامتون به پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ ==== گهُسندڙ زخم ==== گهڻا گهُسندڙ زخم فوري علاج گهرن ٿا ۽ انهن جي مرمت آسان نه هوندي آهي۔ مثال طور، بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار تي گهرو چاقوءَ جو زخم تنت کي نقصان پهچائي يا ڪٽي سگهي ٿو۔ ڪٽ جي هنڌ مطابق، اهو انهن ايڪشن پوٽينشلز کي روڪي سگهي ٿو جيڪي انهيءَ مخصوص تنت جي ڏوري يا ڏورن کي فراهمي ڏيڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندا آهن۔ ==== ڄمڻ دوران زخم ==== بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جا زخم نون ڄاول ٻارن جي ڄمڻ دوران ٿي سگهن ٿا، جڏهن مٿي جي ڄمڻ کان پوءِ ٻار جو اڳيون ڪلهو هٿ چراند کان سواءِ پيوبيڪ سمفائسس جي هيٺان نه لنگهي سگهي۔ اهڙي هٿ چراند ٻار جي ڪلهي کي ڇڪي سگهي ٿي، جنهن سان بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي مختلف درجن تائين نقصان پهچي سگهي ٿو۔<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brachial_plexus/brachial_plexus.htm|title=Brachial Plexus Injuries Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)|website=www.ninds.nih.gov|access-date=2016-11-28|archive-date=2016-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202230331/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brachial_plexus/brachial_plexus.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> هن قسم جي زخم کي [[ڪلهي جي ڊسٽوشيا]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ ڪلهي جي ڊسٽوشيا obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) جو سبب بڻجي سگهي ٿي، جيڪو حقيقت ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم آهي۔ آمريڪا ۾ OBPP جي شرح هر 1000 ڄمڻن ۾ 1.5 آهي، جڏهن ته برطانيا ۽ آئرلينڊ جمهوريا ۾ اها گهٽ آهي، يعني هر 1000 ڄمڻن ۾ 0.42۔<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Doumouchtsis|first1=Stergios K.|last2=Arulkumaran|first2=Sabaratnam|date=2009-09-01|title=Are all brachial plexus injuries caused by shoulder dystocia?|journal=Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey|volume=64|issue=9|pages=615–623|doi=10.1097/OGX.0b013e3181b27a3a|issn=1533-9866|pmid=19691859}}</ref> جيتوڻيڪ OBPP لاءِ ڄاتل خطري جا عنصر موجود ناهن، پر جيڪڏهن نئين ڄاول ٻار ۾ ڪلهي جي ڊسٽوشيا ٿئي، ته OBPP جو خطرو 100 ڀيرا وڌي وڃي ٿو۔ تنتي نقصان جو تعلق [[ڄمڻ وارو وزن]] سان ڏٺو ويو آهي، جتي وڏا [[نئون ڄاول ٻار]] [[زخم]] لاءِ وڌيڪ حساس هوندا آهن، پر اهو ڄمائڻ جي طريقن سان به لاڳاپيل آهي۔ جيتوڻيڪ زنده [[ڄمڻ]] دوران ان کان بچڻ تمام ڏکيو هوندو آهي، پر ڊاڪٽرن کي نئين ڄاول ٻار کي صحيح ۽ نرم حرڪتن سان ٻاهر آڻڻ گهرجي ته جيئن ٻار کي زخمي ٿيڻ جا امڪان گهٽجن۔ === علامتون === مٿين حصي جي زخمن (C5–C6) ۾: * [[ڊيلٽوئڊ]]، [[بائيسپس]] ۽ ٻين ڏورن ۾ فالج * ٻانهن جي پاسي واري حصي ۾ حس جو نقصان هيٺين حصي جي زخمن ۾: * هٿ جا ننڍا ڏورا متاثر ٿين ٿا * مٺي ٺاهي نه سگهڻ پريگينگليونڪ ۽ پوسٽ گينگليونڪ زخمن ۾ فرق ڪرڻ لاءِ: * ڪلاويڪل کان مٿي حس جو نقصان * بيحس هٿ ۾ به درد * [[هورنر سنڊروم]] * انهن ڏورن جي ڪمزوري جيڪي سڌي طرح پاڙن مان نڪرندڙ شاخن سان لاڳاپيل آهن تيز سوزش (acute neuritis): * ڪلهي ۾ شديد درد * هٿ ۾ پکڙجندڙ درد، سن ٿيڻ، سوڄ، ڪمزوري ڊگهي وقت تائين هٿ مٿي رکڻ سان به اهڙي تڪليف ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ==== راندين جا زخم ==== رابطي واري راندين (خاص ڪري آمريڪي فٽبال) ۾ هڪ عام زخم "اسٽنگر" سڏجي ٿو۔<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dimberg |first1=Elliot L. |last2=Burns |first2=Ted M. |date=July 2005 |title=Management of Common Neurologic Conditions in Sports |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |journal=Clinics in Sports Medicine |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=637–662 |doi=10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |pmid=16004923 }}</ref> هي تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن: * ڳچيءَ تي دٻاءُ * اڳتي يا پوئتي موڙ نتيجي ۾ ڳچيءَ کان آڱرين تائين "جلڻ جهڙو" درد پکڙجي ٿو۔ ==== چيري يا گهُسڻ وارا زخم ==== گهرا زخم (جهڙوڪ ڇري جا وار) تنتن کي ڪٽي سگهن ٿا، جنهن سان لاڳاپيل ڏورن جي حرڪت متاثر ٿي وڃي ٿي۔ ==== ڄمڻ وقت زخم ==== نئين ڄاول ٻارن ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن ٻار جو ڪلهو ڦاسي وڃي (shoulder dystocia)۔ ان سان obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) پيدا ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ === رسوليون (Tumors) === ممڪن رسوليون: * [[شوانوما]] * [[نيووروفائبروم]] * [[ميلگننٽ پيريفيرل تنتي ڍڪ رسولي]] === تصويري جائزو === بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي جاچ لاءِ: * [[ايم آر آءِ]] سڀ کان بهتر طريقو آهي اهو ٻين طريقن (ايڪس-ري، سي ٽي اسڪين، الٽراسائونڊ) کان وڌيڪ واضح تصوير ڏئي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brun-Vergara |first1=Maria L. |last2=Reda |first2=Azza |last3=Puac-Polanco |first3=Paulo |last4=Zakhari |first4=Nader |last5=Shah |first5=Vinil |last6=Torres |first6=Carlos H. |title=MR Imaging of the Brachial Plexus |journal=Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America |date=May 2025 |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=331–350 |doi=10.1016/j.mric.2025.01.008 |pmid=40287250 }}</ref> === بيهوشي ۾ استعمال === {{Main|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار بلاڪ}} == پڻ ڏسو == * [[تنتي ڄار]] * [[ڪرينيئل تنت]] * [[ريڙهي تنت]] * [[اناٽامي يادگيرين جي فهرست#بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار|اناٽامي يادگيرين جي فهرست]] == اضافي تصويرون == <gallery> File:Gray523.png|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار [[بريڪيئل شريان]] کي چوڌاري گهيري ٿو۔ File:Gray809.png|ساڄي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي انفراڪلاويڪيولر حصي جون تنتون، ايڪسيلري فوسا ۾ File:Axilla.jpg|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو سڀ کان ٻاهريون (ڊسٽل) حصو، ڪٽيل ڪڊيوري نموني مان ڏيکاريل File:Slide10b.JPG|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار File:Branches of Brachial plexus.jpeg|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون شاخون ڏيکاريندڙ مائنڊ ميپ File:Slide3ZEO.JPG|ريڙهه جي هڏي۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار۔ سيريبرم۔ هيٺيون ڏيک۔ گهري تشريح۔ File:Brachial plexus color.svg|رنگن سان بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو خاڪو، جنهن ۾ هر تنتي پاڙ جي شاخن ۾ شموليت ڏيکاريل آهي File:Brachial_Plexus_Logical_Schematic.svg|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار، جنهن ۾ C5–T1 جي وينٽرل بنيادي شاخن جون سڀ شاخون شامل آهن۔ ڄار جي لاڳاپن ۽ شاخن کي سکڻ لاءِ يادگيريون به شامل آهن۔ File:Spinal nerve no text.svg|ريڙهي تنت جا ملايل ريشا </gallery> == حوالا == {{Reflist|2}} == ببليوگرافي == *{{cite book|last1=Saladin|first1=Kenneth|title=Anatomy and Physiology|date=2014|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|page=491|edition=7th}} *{{cite web|last1=Kishner|first1=Stephen|title=Brachial Plexus Anatomy|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1877731-overview#a1|website=Medscape|publisher=WebMD|access-date=29 Nov 2015}} == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == {{Commons category|Brachial plexus}} * [https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/brachial-plexus بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم/تصوير، سنسناٽي چلڊرنز هاسپيٽل ميڊيڪل سينٽر] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060209184028/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/15/brachial_plex_how_to.pdf پنج منٽن يا گهٽ وقت ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار سکڻ] ڊينيئل ايس روم، ايم ڊي ۽ ڊينس اي چو چو، ايم ڊي * [https://www.anatomyguy.com/axilla-and-brach dklrwkpxwzp5emza5jijswzkugii2ka 373264 373170 2026-04-24T19:14:31Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[بريڪيئل پليڪسس]] کي [[ٻانھن جو تنتي ڄار]] ڏانھن چوريو 373170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|تنتن جو ڄار}} {{Infobox nerve |Name = بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار |Location = |Function = تنتن جو ڄار (تنتي [[پلڪسس]]) جيڪو ٻانهن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ |Latin = plexus brachialis |Image = Gray808.png |Caption = ساڄي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنهنجي ننڍين شاخن سان، سامهون کان ڏيکاريل |Image2 = PLEXUS BRACHIALIS.jpg |Caption2 = ڄار جون پاڙون، ٽرنڪ ۽ ڪنڊ هڪ ڪٽيل [[ڪڊيور|ڪڊيوري]] نموني ۾ ڏيکاريل }} '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' ('''Brachial Plexus''') تنتن جو هڪ ڄار ([[تنتي ڄار]]) آهي، جيڪو [[اڳيان شاخون]] مان ٺهي ٿو، جيڪي هيٺين چار [[ريڙهي تنت#گردني تنتون|گردني تنت]] ۽ پهرين [[ريڙهي تنت#ٿوريڪڪ تنتون|ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] (C5، C6، C7، C8، ۽ T1) مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هي ڄار [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان نڪري [[گردني-بغلي رستو|گردني-بغلي رستي]] ذريعي ڳچي مان گذري، پهرين پاسيري مٿان ٿيندي [[بغل]] تائين پهچي ٿو، ۽ [[حسي تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي تنتي ريشي]] کي [[سينو|سيني]]، [[ڪلھو|ڪلھي]]، [[ٻانھن]]، [[ٻانهن جو هيٺيون حصو|ٻانھن جي ھيٺين حصي]] ۽ [[هٿ]] تائين فراهم ڪري ٿو۔ == بناوٽ == بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي پنج ''پاڙون''، ٽي ''ٿڙ'' (ٽرنڪ)، ڇهه ''ورهاستون'' (ٽي اڳيون ۽ ٽي پٺيون)، ٽي ''ڏوريون'' (cords) ۽ پنج ''شاخن'' ۾ ورهايل آھن۔ پنج "آخري" شاخون هونديون آهن ۽ ڪيترين ٻين "اڳ-آخري" يا "ساٿي" شاخون به هونديون آهن، جهڙوڪ [[سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]]، [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] ۽ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]]، جيڪي ڄار مان مختلف هنڌن تي نڪرنديون آهن۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy">{{cite book|last1=Kawai|first1=H|last2=Kawabata|first2=H|title=Brachial Plexus Palsy|date=2000|publisher=World Scientific|location=Singapore|isbn=9810231393|pages=6, 20}}</ref><ref name="Anatomy and Physiology">{{cite book|last1=Saladin|first1=Kenneth|title=Anatomy and Physiology|date=2015|publisher=McGraw Hill|location=New York|isbn=9789814646437|pages=489–491|edition=7}}</ref> مئل جسم جي تشريح ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ هڪ عام بناوٽ M يا W جي شڪل هوندي آهي، جيڪا [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، پاسي واري تند، [[ميڊين تنت]]، وچ واري تند ۽ [[النر تنت]] مان ٺهندي آهي۔ === پاڙون === پنج '''پاڙون''' اصل ۾ پنج [[اڳيان بنيادي شاخون]] آهن، جيڪي [[ريڙهي تنت]] مان نڪرنديون آهن، جڏهن اهي اڳ ۾ ئي [[ڳچي]] جي ڏورن کي پنهنجو حصو ڏئي چڪيون هونديون آهن۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار پنج سطحن تي نڪري ٿو: C5، C6، C7، C8 ۽ T1۔ C5 ۽ C6 گڏ ٿي مٿيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا، C7 وچولو ٿڙ بڻجي ٿو، جڏهن ته C8 ۽ T1 گڏ ٿي هيٺيون ٿڙ ٺاهين ٿا۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هن ۾ تبديليون به ٿينديون آهن، جهڙوڪ C4 يا T2 جي شموليت۔ [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] مٿئين ٽرنڪ مان نڪري [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا|رومبوئڊ ڏورن]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪي اسڪاپولا کي پوئتي ڇڪين ٿا۔ [[سبڪليووين تنت]] C5 ۽ C6 مان نڪري [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو ساهه کڻڻ دوران پهرين پسلي کي مٿي کڻڻ ۾ مدد ڪري ٿو۔ [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] C5، C6 ۽ C7 مان نڪري [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏورو|سيريٽس انٽيريئر ڏوري]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو اسڪاپولا کي ٻاهر طرف کڻي وڃي ٿو۔ === ٿڙ === اهي پاڙون گڏ ٿي '''ٿڙ''' (ٽرنڪ) ٺاهين ٿيون: * "[[مٿيون ٿڙ|مٿيون]]" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]–[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]) * "وچولو" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]]) * "هيٺيون" ([[گردني ريڙهي تنت 8|C8]]–[[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1|T1]]) === ورهاستون === هر ٽرنڪ ٻه حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو، جن مان ڇهه '''ورهاستون''' ٺهن ٿيون: * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون اڳيون ورهاستون * مٿئين، وچولي ۽ هيٺين ٿڙ جون پٺيون ورهاستون اناٽامي جي حالت ۾، اڳيون ورهاستون پٺين کان مٿاهيون (سطحي) هونديون آهن۔ === ڏوريون (Cords) === اهي ڇهه ورهاستون ٻيهر گڏ ٿي ٽي '''ڏوريون''' (وڏا ريشيدار گُچ) ٺاهين ٿيون۔ ڏورين جا نالا [[بغل واري شريان]] جي لحاظ سان رکيا ويا آهن: * ''[[پٺين ڏوري]]'' — ٽنهي پٺين ورهاستن مان ٺهيل (C5–C8، T1) * ''[[پاسي وارو ڏوري]]'' — مٿين ۽ وچولي ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاستن مان (C5–C7) * ''[[وچ واري ڏوري]]'' — هيٺين ٿڙ جي اڳين ورهاست جو تسلسل (C8، T1) === خاڪو === {{Brachial plexus diagram}} {{Clear}} === شاخون === '''شاخون''' هيٺ ڏنل آهن۔ گهڻيون شاخون ڏورين cords مان نڪرنديون آهن، پر ڪجهه شاخون (جيڪي ترڇي نموني ڏيکاريل آهن) سڌو اڳين بناوٽن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ کاٻي پاسي واريون پنج شاخون "آخري شاخون" سمجهيون وڃن ٿيون۔ اهي آخري شاخون هي آهن: [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، [[ايڪسيلري تنت]]، [[ريڊيئل تنت]]، [[ميڊين تنت]] ۽ [[النر تنت]]۔ ڇو ته [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] ۽ [[ميڊين تنت]] ٻئي پاسي واري ڪنڊ مان نڪرندا آهن، تنهن ڪري اهي هڪ ٻئي سان ويجهي طرح ڳنڍيل هوندا آهن۔ اهو پڻ ڏٺو ويو آهي ته [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] هڪ شاخ [[ميڊين تنت]] ڏانهن موڪلي ٿو، جنهن سان انهن جو لاڳاپو وڌيڪ مضبوط ٿئي ٿو۔<ref name="Brachial Plexus Palsy"/> شاخن جي بناوٽ ۾ ڪجهه تبديليون پڻ رپورٽ ٿيون آهن، پر اهي تمام گهٽ ٿينديون آهن۔<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Goel|first1=Shivi|last2=Rustagi|first2=SM|last3=Kumar|first3=A|last4=Mehta|first4=V|last5=Suri|first5=RK|title=Multiple unilateral variations in medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus and their branches|journal=Anatomy & Cell Biology|date=Mar 13, 2014|volume=47|issue=1|pages=77–80|doi=10.5115/acb.2014.47.1.77|pmc=3968270|pmid=24693486}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yadav |first1=Yash |last2=Ray |first2=Rahul |last3=Mohsin |first3=Azmi |last4=Arora |first4=Shashwat |last5=Alauddin |first5=Waqas |last6=Prajesh |first6=Brishabh |last7=Singh |first7=Ishita |date=October 15, 2025 |title=Anatomical Variation in the Formation of the Median Nerve With Triple and Quadruple Roots of Origin: A Cadaveric Case Report |url=https://www.cureus.com/articles/423428-anatomical-variation-in-the-formation-of-the-median-nerve-with-triple-and-quadruple-roots-of-origin-a-cadaveric-case-report#!/ |journal=Cureus |volume=17 |issue=10 |doi=10.7759/cureus.94612 |doi-access=free |pmc=12616203 }}</ref> '''ٿلهي اکرن''' ۾ ڏيکاريل پاڙون ڪنهن تنت جو بنيادي حصو ظاهر ڪن ٿيون، جڏهن ته ''ترڇي'' ۾ ڏيکاريل پاڙون اهي آهن جيڪي اڪثر، پر هميشه نه، ان تنت ۾ حصو وٺن ٿيون۔ {| class="wikitable" |- | مان || تنت || پاڙون<ref name=Moore_table>{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=K.L. |last2=Agur |first2=A.M. |year=2007 |title=Essential Clinical Anatomy |edition=3rd |location=Baltimore |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |pages=430–1 |isbn=978-0-7817-6274-8}}</ref> || ڏورا || [[جلدي فراهمي|جلدي]] |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || ''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 4|C4]]'', '''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5|C5]]''' || [[رومبوئڊ ڏورا]] ۽ [[ليويٽر اسڪاپولي]] || - |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] || '''C5''', '''[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6|C6]]''', [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7|C7]] || [[سيريٽس انٽيريئر]] || - |- style="background:#ffcccc" | پاڙون || [[فرينڪ تنت]] ڏانهن شاخ || '''C3، C4، C5''' || [[ٿوراڪو ايبڊومينل ڊائيفرام]] || - |- style="background:#ccffcc" | مٿيون ٽرنڪ || [[سبڪليويوس ڏوري لاءِ تنت]] || ''C5'', '''C6''' || [[سبڪليويوس ڏورو]] || - |- style="background:#ccffcc" | مٿيون ٽرنڪ || [[سُپراسڪاپيولر تنت]] || '''C5''', C6 || [[سُپراسپينيٽس]] ۽ [[اِنفراسپينيٽس]] || - |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[پاسي وارو پيڪٽورل تنت]] || C5، '''C6''', C7 || [[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] ۽ [[پيڪٽورالس مائنر]] || - |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] || C5، C6، C7 || [[ڪوراڪو براڪيئلس]]، [[براڪيئلس]] ۽ [[بائيسپس براڪيئي]] || [[ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت]] |- style="background:#aaccff" | پاسي وارو ڪنڊ || [[ميڊين تنت]] جي پاسي واري پاڙ || ''C5'', C6، C7 || ميڊين تنت ڏانهن ريشا || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[مٿيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || C5، C6 || [[سب اسڪاپيولرس]] (مٿيون حصو) || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت]] || C6، '''C7''', C8 || [[ليٽيسمس ڊورسي]] || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[هيٺيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت]] || C5، C6 || سب اسڪاپيولرس (هيٺيون حصو) ۽ [[ٽيريس ميجر]] || - |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ايڪسيلري تنت]] || '''C5''', C6 || [[ڊيلٽوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽيريس مائنر]] || [[ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي]] |- style="background:#ffffcc" | پٺيون ڪنڊ || [[ريڊيئل تنت]] || C5، C6، C7، C8، T1 || [[ٽرائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[سپينيٽر]]، [[اينڪونيس]] ۽ ايڪسٽينسر ڏورا || ٻانهن ۽ اڳئين هٿ جي پٺئين چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[وچ وارو پيڪٽورل تنت]] || C8، T1 || [[پيڪٽورالس ميجر]] ۽ [[پيڪٽورالس مائنر]] || - |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ميڊين تنت]] جي وچ واري پاڙ || C8، T1 || ٻانهن جا فليڪسر ڏورا ۽ هٿ جا ڪجهه ڏورا || هٿ جي ڪجهه چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ٻانهن جي وچ واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت]] || C8، T1 || - || ٻانهن جي اڳين ۽ وچ واري چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[ٻانهن جي وچ واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت (هيٺيون حصو)]] || C8، T1 || - || اڳئين هٿ جي وچ واري چمڙي |- style="background:#dddddd" | وچ وارو ڪنڊ || [[النر تنت]] || C7، C8، T1 || هٿ جا اندروني ڏورا ۽ ڪجهه فليڪسر ڏورا || هٿ جي وچ واري چمڙي |} == ڪم == '''بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار''' ٻانهن جي چمڙي ۽ ڏورن کي تنتي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، سواءِ ٻن استثنائن جي: * [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو]] (جنهن کي [[اسپائنل ايڪسيسري تنت]] فراهمي ڏئي ٿو) * بغل جي ويجهو چمڙي جو هڪ حصو (جنهن کي [[انٽرڪوسٽو بريڪيئل تنت]] فراهمي ڏئي ٿو) بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار [[سمپٿٽڪ ٿڙ]] ذريعي ڳنڍيل هوندو آهي، جتي "گري رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس" (gray rami communicantes) ذريعي ڄار جي پاڙن سان رابطو قائم ٿئي ٿو۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون آخري شاخون ([[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]]، [[ايڪسيلري تنت]]، [[ريڊيئل تنت]]، [[ميڊين تنت]] ۽ [[النر تنت]]) سڀئي خاص حسي، حرڪتي ۽ پروپريوسپٽيو (جسم جي پوزيشن جو احساس) ڪم سرانجام ڏين ٿيون۔<ref>{{Cite book|title=Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function|url=https://archive.org/details/anatomyphysiolog00sala_012|url-access=limited|last=Saladin|first=Kenneth|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2007|isbn=9789814646437|location=New York, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/anatomyphysiolog00sala_012/page/n505 491]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nysora.com/techniques/nerve-stimulator-and-surface-based-ra-techniques/upper-extremitya/3260-axillary-brachial-plexus-block.html|title=Axillary Brachial Plexus Block|date=2013-09-20|website=www.nysora.com|publisher=New York School of Regional Anesthesia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712104919/http://www.nysora.com/techniques/nerve-stimulator-and-surface-based-ra-techniques/upper-extremitya/3260-axillary-brachial-plexus-block.html|archive-date=2017-07-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !'''آخري شاخ''' !حسي فراهمي !ڏورن کي فراهمي |- |[[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت]] |اڳئين هٿ جي اڳئين-پاسي واري چمڙي |[[براڪيئلس]]، [[بائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[ڪوراڪو براڪيئلس]] |- |[[ايڪسيلري تنت]] |ڪلهي ۽ مٿئين ٻانهن جي پاسي واري چمڙي |[[ڊيلٽوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽيريس مائنر]] |- |[[ريڊيئل تنت]] |ٻانهن جي پٺئين حصي ۽ اڳئين هٿ جي پٺئين چمڙي |[[ٽرائيسپس براڪيئي]]، [[براڪيو ريڊيئلس]]، [[اينڪونيس]] ۽ ايڪسٽينسر ڏورا |- |[[ميڊين تنت]] |هٿ جي پاسي واري 2/3 چمڙي ۽ آڱرين 1–4 جا ڇيڙا |اڳئين هٿ جا فليڪسر ڏورا، ٿينر علائقو، هٿ جا لُمبريڪل (1–2) |- |[[النر تنت]] |هٿ جي تري ۽ وچ واري پاسي جي چمڙي ۽ آڱريون 3–5 |هائپوٿينر ھنڌ، ڪجهه فليڪسر ڏورا، انگوٺي جو ايڊڊڪٽر، لُمبريڪل (3–4)، انٽروسيوس ڏورا |} == طبي اهميت == === زخم === [[File:Brachial Plexus Injury during Motorcycle accident.jpg|thumb|هي موٽر سائيڪل سوار جي فرش سان هڪ زاويي تي ٽڪرائجڻ جو نقلي مثال ڏيکاري ٿو، جنهن سان بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون تنتون زخمي ٿي سگهن ٿيون۔ تصوير ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي ته مٿو ۽ ڪلهو تمام گهڻو الڳ ٿي وڃن ٿا، جنهن سان وچ واري علائقي جون تنتون ڇڪي يا ڦاٽي سگهن ٿيون۔ حفاظتي سامان مٿي جي سامهون واري پاسي اضافي سهارو ڏئي ڳچيءَ جي حد کان وڌيڪ ڇڪجڻ کي روڪي، تنتي نقصان کان بچائڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿو۔]] {{Main|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم}} [[File:Brachial Plexus.png|thumb|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو ڪلاويڪل ۽ سبڪليووين شريان سان لاڳاپو]] [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم]] ٻانهن جي مختلف حصن جي حس يا حرڪت کي متاثر ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ زخم ڪلهي جي هيٺ دٻجڻ ۽ مٿي جي مٿي ڇڪجڻ سبب ٿي سگهي ٿو، جنهن سان تنتون ڇڪي يا ڦاٽي سگهن ٿيون۔ غلط پوزيشن سان لاڳاپيل زخمن ۾ عام طور تي ٻين پيريفيرل تنتي گروهن جي ڀيٽ ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون تنتون وڌيڪ متاثر ٿينديون آهن۔<ref name="Missingor">{{cite journal |pmid=3342585 |year=1988 |last1=Cooper |first1=DE |last2=Jenkins |first2=RS |last3=Bready |first3=L |last4=Rockwood Jr |first4=CA |title=The prevention of injuries of the brachial plexus secondary to malposition of the patient during surgery |issue=228 |pages=33–41 |journal=Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research |volume=228 |doi=10.1097/00003086-198803000-00005}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1302/0301-620X.95B1.29625 |title=Iatropathic brachial plexus injury: A complication of delayed fixation of clavicle fractures |year=2013 |last1=Jeyaseelan |first1=L. |last2=Singh |first2=V. K. |last3=Ghosh |first3=S. |last4=Sinisi |first4=M. |last5=Fox |first5=M. |journal=The Bone & Joint Journal |volume=95-B |issue=1 |pages=106–10 |pmid=23307682}}</ref> بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون تنتون پوزيشن جي لحاظ کان تمام حساس هونديون آهن، تنهنڪري اهڙن زخمن کان بچاءَ جا طريقا تمام محدود آهن۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمن جا سڀ کان عام متاثر ماڻهو موٽر گاڏين جي حادثن جا شڪار ۽ نوان ڄاول ٻار هوندا آهن۔<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Midha |first1=Rajiv |journal=Neurosurgery |title=Epidemiology of Brachial Plexus Injuries in a Multitrauma Population |pmid=9179891 |year=1997 |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=1182–8; discussion 1188–9 |doi=10.1097/00006123-199706000-00014}}</ref> زخم ڇڪجڻ، بيمارين، يا ڳچيءَ جي پاسي واري گردني علائقي ([[پوسٽيرير ٽرائنگل]]) يا بغل ۾ زخم سبب ٿي سگهن ٿا۔ زخم جي هنڌ مطابق نشانين ۽ علامتن جو دائرو مڪمل فالج کان وٺي بيحسي تائين ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ مريض جي حرڪتون ڪرڻ جي صلاحيت کي جانچڻ ۽ ان کي سندس نارمل پاسي سان ڀيٽڻ، فالج جي شدت جو اندازو لڳائڻ جو هڪ طريقو آهي۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو هڪ عام زخم سخت ڪري پوندي وقت ٿيندو آهي، جتي ڪلهو ڳچيءَ کان تمام گهڻو پري ٿي وڃي ٿو، جيئن موٽر سائيڪل حادثي يا وڻ تان ڪرڻ جي صورت ۾۔ اهڙي ڇڪ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي مٿين حصن ۾ ڦاٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿي يا پاڙن کي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] مان ڇڪي الڳ ڪري سگهي ٿي۔ مٿئين بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جا زخم نون ڄاول ٻارن ۾ عام آهن، جڏهن ڄمڻ دوران ڳچيءَ جي حد کان وڌيڪ ڇڪ ٿئي ٿي۔ اڀياسن نئين ڄاول ٻار جي وزن ۽ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمن ۾ تعلق ڏيکاريو آهي؛ بهرحال، هڪ واحد زخم کان بچڻ لاءِ گهڻن ڄمڻ وارن وزنن تي سيزرين ڊليورين جو گهربل تعداد گهڻو هوندو آهي۔<ref name="DoiSMissing">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00007-0 |title=Birth Weight as a Predictor of Brachial Plexus Injury |year=1997 |last1=Ecker |first1=Jeffrey L. |last2=Greenberg |first2=James A. |last3=Norwitz |first3=Errol R. |last4=Nadel |first4=Allan S. |last5=Repke |first5=John T. |journal=Obstetrics & Gynecology |volume=89 |issue=5 |pages=643–47 |pmid=9166293}}</ref> مٿئين بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي زخمن ۾ انهن ڏورن ۾ فالج ٿيندو آهي جن کي C5 ۽ C6 فراهمي ڏين ٿا، جهڙوڪ ڊيلٽوئڊ، بائيسپس، بريڪيئلس ۽ بريڪيو ريڊيئلس۔ اهڙن زخمن سان مٿئين عضوي جي پاسي واري حصي ۾ حس جو نقصان پڻ عام آهي۔ هيٺيون بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم تمام گهٽ ٿيندو آهي، پر تڏهن ٿي سگهي ٿو جڏهن ڪو ماڻهو ڪري پوڻ کان بچڻ لاءِ ڪنهن شيءِ کي پڪڙي، يا ڄمڻ دوران ٻار جي مٿئين عضوي کي حد کان وڌيڪ ڇڪيو وڃي۔ اهڙي صورت ۾ هٿ جا ننڍا ڏورا متاثر ٿيندا آهن ۽ مڪمل مُٺ ٺاهڻ جي صلاحيت ختم ٿي سگهي ٿي۔<ref>{{cite book |last=Moore |first=Keith |title=Clinically Oriented Anatomy |year=2006 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Philadelphia |isbn=0-7817-3639-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/clinicallyorient00moor_1/page/778 778–81] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/clinicallyorient00moor_1/page/778 }}</ref> پري گينگليونڪ ۽ پوسٽ گينگليونڪ زخم ۾ فرق ڪرڻ لاءِ ڪلينڪي جاچ دوران ڊاڪٽر کي هي نقطا ذهن ۾ رکڻ گهرجن: پري گينگليونڪ زخمن ۾ ڪلاويڪل جي سطح کان مٿي حس جو نقصان، ٻي صورت ۾ بيحس هٿ ۾ درد، ساڳئي پاسي [[هورنر سنڊروم]]، ۽ انهن ڏورن جي ڪم جو نقصان ٿئي ٿو جن کي پاڙن مان سڌو نڪرندڙ شاخون فراهمي ڏين ٿيون؛ مثال طور، لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت جي فالج سبب اسڪاپولا جو پر وانگر ٻاهر نڪرڻ، ۽ فرينڪ تنت جي فالج سبب ساڳئي پاسي ڊائيفرام جو مٿي کڄڻ۔ تيز بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار نيورائٽس هڪ تنتي بيماري آهي، جنهن ۾ ڪلهي واري علائقي ۾ اوچتو شديد درد شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ ان کان سواءِ، ڪنڊن جي دٻجڻ سان درد ٻانهن ڏانهن پکڙجي سگهي ٿو، سن ٿيڻ، پيريسٿيزيا، اريٿيما ۽ هٿن جي ڪمزوري ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ اهڙي قسم جو زخم انهن ماڻهن ۾ عام آهي جيڪي مٿي کان مٿي ڪم ڪرڻ دوران ٻانهن کي گهڻي دير تائين حد کان وڌيڪ پاسي مٿي کڻي رکندا آهن۔ ==== راندين جا زخم ==== هڪ راندين وارو زخم، جيڪو رابطي وارين راندين، خاص طور تي آمريڪي فٽبال ۾ عام ٿي رهيو آهي، "اسٽنگر" سڏجي ٿو۔<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dimberg |first1=Elliot L. |last2=Burns |first2=Ted M. |date=July 2005 |title=Management of Common Neurologic Conditions in Sports |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |journal=Clinics in Sports Medicine |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=637–662 |doi=10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |pmid=16004923 |issn=0278-5919|url-access=subscription }}</ref> رانديگر کي ٽڪر ۾ هي زخم ٿي سگهي ٿو، جنهن سان گردني محوري دٻاءُ، موڙ، يا بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي تنتي پاڙن يا آخري شاخن جي ڇڪ يا وڌاءُ پيدا ٿئي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Elias|first1=Ilan|title=Recurrent burner syndrome due to presumed cervical spine osteoblastoma in a collision sport athlete - a case report|journal=Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury|date=2014 |volume=02 |pages=e61–e65 |doi=10.1186/1749-7221-2-13 |doi-access=free |pmid=17553154|pmc=1904218}}</ref> آمريڪي فوجي اڪيڊمي جي فٽبال رانديگرن تي ڪيل هڪ اڀياس ۾ محققن ڏٺو ته زخم جو سڀ کان عام طريقو اهو آهي ته "فڪس ٿيل بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار ڪلهي جي پيڊ ۽ مٿئين وچ واري اسڪاپولا جي وچ ۾ دٻجي وڃي، جڏهن پيڊ [[ايرب جو نقطو|ايرب جي نقطي]] واري علائقي ۾ دٻجي ٿو، جتي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار سڀ کان وڌيڪ سطحي هوندو آهي۔"<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cunnane|first1=M|title=A retrospective study looking at the incidence of 'stinger' injuries in professional rugby union players|journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine|date=2011|url=http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/45/15/A19.1.abstract|access-date=2015-02-12|doi=10.1136/bjsports-2011-090606.60|volume=45|issue=15|pages=A19.1–A19|url-access=subscription}}</ref> نتيجي ۾ "جلڻ" يا "چڀڻ" جهڙو درد پيدا ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو ڳچيءَ واري علائقي کان آڱرين جي ڇيڙن تائين پکڙجي ٿو۔ جيتوڻيڪ هي زخم عام طور تي صرف عارضي احساس پيدا ڪري ٿو، پر ڪجهه حالتن ۾ دائمي علامتون به پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ ==== گهُسندڙ زخم ==== گهڻا گهُسندڙ زخم فوري علاج گهرن ٿا ۽ انهن جي مرمت آسان نه هوندي آهي۔ مثال طور، بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار تي گهرو چاقوءَ جو زخم تنت کي نقصان پهچائي يا ڪٽي سگهي ٿو۔ ڪٽ جي هنڌ مطابق، اهو انهن ايڪشن پوٽينشلز کي روڪي سگهي ٿو جيڪي انهيءَ مخصوص تنت جي ڏوري يا ڏورن کي فراهمي ڏيڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندا آهن۔ ==== ڄمڻ دوران زخم ==== بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جا زخم نون ڄاول ٻارن جي ڄمڻ دوران ٿي سگهن ٿا، جڏهن مٿي جي ڄمڻ کان پوءِ ٻار جو اڳيون ڪلهو هٿ چراند کان سواءِ پيوبيڪ سمفائسس جي هيٺان نه لنگهي سگهي۔ اهڙي هٿ چراند ٻار جي ڪلهي کي ڇڪي سگهي ٿي، جنهن سان بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار کي مختلف درجن تائين نقصان پهچي سگهي ٿو۔<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brachial_plexus/brachial_plexus.htm|title=Brachial Plexus Injuries Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)|website=www.ninds.nih.gov|access-date=2016-11-28|archive-date=2016-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202230331/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brachial_plexus/brachial_plexus.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> هن قسم جي زخم کي [[ڪلهي جي ڊسٽوشيا]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ ڪلهي جي ڊسٽوشيا obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) جو سبب بڻجي سگهي ٿي، جيڪو حقيقت ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم آهي۔ آمريڪا ۾ OBPP جي شرح هر 1000 ڄمڻن ۾ 1.5 آهي، جڏهن ته برطانيا ۽ آئرلينڊ جمهوريا ۾ اها گهٽ آهي، يعني هر 1000 ڄمڻن ۾ 0.42۔<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Doumouchtsis|first1=Stergios K.|last2=Arulkumaran|first2=Sabaratnam|date=2009-09-01|title=Are all brachial plexus injuries caused by shoulder dystocia?|journal=Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey|volume=64|issue=9|pages=615–623|doi=10.1097/OGX.0b013e3181b27a3a|issn=1533-9866|pmid=19691859}}</ref> جيتوڻيڪ OBPP لاءِ ڄاتل خطري جا عنصر موجود ناهن، پر جيڪڏهن نئين ڄاول ٻار ۾ ڪلهي جي ڊسٽوشيا ٿئي، ته OBPP جو خطرو 100 ڀيرا وڌي وڃي ٿو۔ تنتي نقصان جو تعلق [[ڄمڻ وارو وزن]] سان ڏٺو ويو آهي، جتي وڏا [[نئون ڄاول ٻار]] [[زخم]] لاءِ وڌيڪ حساس هوندا آهن، پر اهو ڄمائڻ جي طريقن سان به لاڳاپيل آهي۔ جيتوڻيڪ زنده [[ڄمڻ]] دوران ان کان بچڻ تمام ڏکيو هوندو آهي، پر ڊاڪٽرن کي نئين ڄاول ٻار کي صحيح ۽ نرم حرڪتن سان ٻاهر آڻڻ گهرجي ته جيئن ٻار کي زخمي ٿيڻ جا امڪان گهٽجن۔ === علامتون === مٿين حصي جي زخمن (C5–C6) ۾: * [[ڊيلٽوئڊ]]، [[بائيسپس]] ۽ ٻين ڏورن ۾ فالج * ٻانهن جي پاسي واري حصي ۾ حس جو نقصان هيٺين حصي جي زخمن ۾: * هٿ جا ننڍا ڏورا متاثر ٿين ٿا * مٺي ٺاهي نه سگهڻ پريگينگليونڪ ۽ پوسٽ گينگليونڪ زخمن ۾ فرق ڪرڻ لاءِ: * ڪلاويڪل کان مٿي حس جو نقصان * بيحس هٿ ۾ به درد * [[هورنر سنڊروم]] * انهن ڏورن جي ڪمزوري جيڪي سڌي طرح پاڙن مان نڪرندڙ شاخن سان لاڳاپيل آهن تيز سوزش (acute neuritis): * ڪلهي ۾ شديد درد * هٿ ۾ پکڙجندڙ درد، سن ٿيڻ، سوڄ، ڪمزوري ڊگهي وقت تائين هٿ مٿي رکڻ سان به اهڙي تڪليف ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ==== راندين جا زخم ==== رابطي واري راندين (خاص ڪري آمريڪي فٽبال) ۾ هڪ عام زخم "اسٽنگر" سڏجي ٿو۔<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dimberg |first1=Elliot L. |last2=Burns |first2=Ted M. |date=July 2005 |title=Management of Common Neurologic Conditions in Sports |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |journal=Clinics in Sports Medicine |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=637–662 |doi=10.1016/j.csm.2005.04.002 |pmid=16004923 }}</ref> هي تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن: * ڳچيءَ تي دٻاءُ * اڳتي يا پوئتي موڙ نتيجي ۾ ڳچيءَ کان آڱرين تائين "جلڻ جهڙو" درد پکڙجي ٿو۔ ==== چيري يا گهُسڻ وارا زخم ==== گهرا زخم (جهڙوڪ ڇري جا وار) تنتن کي ڪٽي سگهن ٿا، جنهن سان لاڳاپيل ڏورن جي حرڪت متاثر ٿي وڃي ٿي۔ ==== ڄمڻ وقت زخم ==== نئين ڄاول ٻارن ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم تڏهن ٿئي ٿو جڏهن ٻار جو ڪلهو ڦاسي وڃي (shoulder dystocia)۔ ان سان obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) پيدا ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ === رسوليون (Tumors) === ممڪن رسوليون: * [[شوانوما]] * [[نيووروفائبروم]] * [[ميلگننٽ پيريفيرل تنتي ڍڪ رسولي]] === تصويري جائزو === بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي جاچ لاءِ: * [[ايم آر آءِ]] سڀ کان بهتر طريقو آهي اهو ٻين طريقن (ايڪس-ري، سي ٽي اسڪين، الٽراسائونڊ) کان وڌيڪ واضح تصوير ڏئي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brun-Vergara |first1=Maria L. |last2=Reda |first2=Azza |last3=Puac-Polanco |first3=Paulo |last4=Zakhari |first4=Nader |last5=Shah |first5=Vinil |last6=Torres |first6=Carlos H. |title=MR Imaging of the Brachial Plexus |journal=Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America |date=May 2025 |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=331–350 |doi=10.1016/j.mric.2025.01.008 |pmid=40287250 }}</ref> === بيهوشي ۾ استعمال === {{Main|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار بلاڪ}} == پڻ ڏسو == * [[تنتي ڄار]] * [[ڪرينيئل تنت]] * [[ريڙهي تنت]] * [[اناٽامي يادگيرين جي فهرست#بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار|اناٽامي يادگيرين جي فهرست]] == اضافي تصويرون == <gallery> File:Gray523.png|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار [[بريڪيئل شريان]] کي چوڌاري گهيري ٿو۔ File:Gray809.png|ساڄي بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جي انفراڪلاويڪيولر حصي جون تنتون، ايڪسيلري فوسا ۾ File:Axilla.jpg|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو سڀ کان ٻاهريون (ڊسٽل) حصو، ڪٽيل ڪڊيوري نموني مان ڏيکاريل File:Slide10b.JPG|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار File:Branches of Brachial plexus.jpeg|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جون شاخون ڏيکاريندڙ مائنڊ ميپ File:Slide3ZEO.JPG|ريڙهه جي هڏي۔ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار۔ سيريبرم۔ هيٺيون ڏيک۔ گهري تشريح۔ File:Brachial plexus color.svg|رنگن سان بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو خاڪو، جنهن ۾ هر تنتي پاڙ جي شاخن ۾ شموليت ڏيکاريل آهي File:Brachial_Plexus_Logical_Schematic.svg|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار، جنهن ۾ C5–T1 جي وينٽرل بنيادي شاخن جون سڀ شاخون شامل آهن۔ ڄار جي لاڳاپن ۽ شاخن کي سکڻ لاءِ يادگيريون به شامل آهن۔ File:Spinal nerve no text.svg|ريڙهي تنت جا ملايل ريشا </gallery> == حوالا == {{Reflist|2}} == ببليوگرافي == *{{cite book|last1=Saladin|first1=Kenneth|title=Anatomy and Physiology|date=2014|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|page=491|edition=7th}} *{{cite web|last1=Kishner|first1=Stephen|title=Brachial Plexus Anatomy|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1877731-overview#a1|website=Medscape|publisher=WebMD|access-date=29 Nov 2015}} == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == {{Commons category|Brachial plexus}} * [https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/brachial-plexus بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو زخم/تصوير، سنسناٽي چلڊرنز هاسپيٽل ميڊيڪل سينٽر] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060209184028/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/15/brachial_plex_how_to.pdf پنج منٽن يا گهٽ وقت ۾ بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار سکڻ] ڊينيئل ايس روم، ايم ڊي ۽ ڊينس اي چو چو، ايم ڊي * [https://www.anatomyguy.com/axilla-and-brach dklrwkpxwzp5emza5jijswzkugii2ka 14 95286 373155 2026-04-24T12:15:26Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:چين جا شھر]] [[زمرو:اتر چين جو ميدان]] [[زمرو:چين جا ميٽروپوليٽن علائقا]] 373155 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:چين جا شھر]] [[زمرو:اتر چين جو ميدان]] [[زمرو:چين جا ميٽروپوليٽن علائقا]] dxvgqnffgpq4v7a9991qt3wckhic9x3 14 95287 373157 2026-04-24T12:15:50Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:اتر چين]] 373157 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:اتر چين]] in5eryosrms63fau7o6airye6bjgub1 14 95288 373158 2026-04-24T12:17:14Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ميٽروپوليٽن علائقا]] [[زمرو:چين جا علائقا]] 373158 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ميٽروپوليٽن علائقا]] [[زمرو:چين جا علائقا]] 1xo477nasvfwi42jxnfae2srgtzg20j 10 95289 373163 2026-04-24T12:48:22Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <imagemap> Image:Brachial plexus 2.svg|thumb|center|750px|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو اناٽامي خاڪو{{Commons|File:Brachial_plexus.jpg|هي خاڪو}} جنهن ۾ پاڙون، ٿڙ، ورهاستون ۽ ڏوريون ڏيکاريل آهن۔ شاخن جي نالن تي ڪلڪ ڪرڻ سان انهن جي وڪيپيڊيا صفحي ڏانهن وڃڻ ممڪن آهي۔ rect 364 84 504 99 ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت|ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تن... 373163 wikitext text/x-wiki <imagemap> Image:Brachial plexus 2.svg|thumb|center|750px|بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار جو اناٽامي خاڪو{{Commons|File:Brachial_plexus.jpg|هي خاڪو}} جنهن ۾ پاڙون، ٿڙ، ورهاستون ۽ ڏوريون ڏيکاريل آهن۔ شاخن جي نالن تي ڪلڪ ڪرڻ سان انهن جي وڪيپيڊيا صفحي ڏانهن وڃڻ ممڪن آهي۔ rect 364 84 504 99 [[ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت|ڊورسل اسڪاپيولر تنت (رومبوئڊ ڏورا، ليويٽر اسڪاپولي)]] rect 374 129 508 145 [[سُپراسڪاپيولر تنت|سُپراسڪاپيولر تنت (سُپراسپينيٽس، اِنفراسپينيٽس)]] rect 193 201 322 217 [[سبڪليويوس ڏوري لاءِ تنت|سبڪليويوس ڏوري لاءِ تنت (سبڪليويوس)]] rect 136 282 277 300 [[پاسي وارو پيڪٽورل تنت|پاسي وارو پيڪٽورل تنت (پيڪٽورالس ميجر)]] rect 65 385 226 400 [[مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت|مسڪولوڪيوٽينيس تنت (ڪوراڪو براڪيئلس، براڪيئلس، بائيسپس براڪيئي)]] rect 97 432 181 444 [[ايڪسيلري تنت|ايڪسيلري تنت (ڊيلٽوئڊ، ٽيريس مائنر)]] rect 60 540 147 554 [[ميڊين تنت|ميڊين تنت (ٻانهن جي هيٺئين حصي جا فليڪسر ڏورا، ٿينر ڏورا)]] rect 105 575 180 591 [[النر تنت|النر تنت (فليڪسر ڪارپي النارس ۽ هٿ جا گهڻا اندروني ڏورا)]] rect 104 622 351 636 [[ٻانهن جي وچ واري چمڙي لاءِ تنت]] rect 379 612 602 627 [[ٻانهن جي چمڙي لاءِ وچ وارو تنت]] rect 412 580 495 593 [[ريڊيئل تنت|ريڊيئل تنت (ٽرائيسپس براڪيئي، سپينيٽر، اينڪونيس، ايڪسٽينسر ڏورا)]] rect 450 550 611 566 [[هيٺيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت|هيٺيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت (سب اسڪاپيولرس جو هيٺيون حصو، ٽيريس ميجر)]] rect 474 523 611 538 [[ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت|ٿوراڪوڊورسل تنت (ليٽيسمس ڊورسي)]] rect 510 495 650 509 [[وچ وارو پيڪٽورل تنت|وچ وارو پيڪٽورل تنت (پيڪٽورالس ميجر، پيڪٽورالس مائنر)]] rect 529 464 693 479 [[مٿيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت|مٿيون سب اسڪاپيولر تنت (سب اسڪاپيولرس جو مٿيون حصو)]] rect 698 421 828 437 [[لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت|لانگ ٿوريڪڪ تنت (سيريٽس انٽيريئر)]] rect 758 68 785 89 [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 5]] rect 758 155 785 175 [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 6]] rect 758 213 785 235 [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 7]] rect 758 291 785 311 [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 8]] rect 758 361 785 381 [[ٿوريڪڪ ريڙهي تنت 1]] desc none </imagemap> <noinclude> {{documentation}} [[Category:تنتي ۽ حسي نظام جا سانچا]] </noinclude> qpai9wvazh6aie6jckjbr0q9anx3b07 0 95290 373171 2026-04-24T14:10:44Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{مختصر وضاحت|ريڙهي تنت جي اڳئين ورهاست}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = وينٽرل رامس | Latin = ramus anterior nervi spinalis | Image = spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ڊورسل ۽ وينٽرل پاڙن مان ريڙهي تنت جي ٺهڻ (وينٽرل رامس هيٺئين کاٻي پاسي ڏيکاريل) | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''وينٽرل رامس'''... 373171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|ريڙهي تنت جي اڳئين ورهاست}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = وينٽرل رامس | Latin = ramus anterior nervi spinalis | Image = spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ڊورسل ۽ وينٽرل پاڙن مان ريڙهي تنت جي ٺهڻ (وينٽرل رامس هيٺئين کاٻي پاسي ڏيکاريل) | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''وينٽرل رامس''' (جمع: '''رامي''') (لاطيني لفظ “شاخ” لاءِ) [[ريڙهي تنت]] جي اڳئين ورهاست آهي۔ وينٽرل رامي [[ڌڙ (اناٽامي)|ڌڙ]] جي اڳيان ۽ پاسي وارن حصن ۽ عضون (limbs) کي فراهمي ڏين ٿا۔ اهي عام طور [[ڊورسل رامس]] کان وڏا هوندا آهن۔ ريڙهي تنت جيئن ئي [[انٽرورٽيبريل فورامن]] مان نڪري ٿو، اهو جلد ئي ٽن شاخن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو: [[ڊورسل رامس]]، وينٽرل رامس، ۽ [[رامس ڪميونيڪنس]]۔ انهن ٽنهي بناوٽن ۾ [[حسي نظام|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي نظام|حرڪتي]] ڄاڻ هوندي آهي۔ هر [[ريڙهي تنت]] هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] آهي، جيڪو ٻنهي قسمن جي ڄاڻ کڻي ٿو، يعني [[ايفرينٽ تنتي ريشا|ايفرينٽ]] ۽ [[ايفرينٽ تنتي ريشا|ايفرينٽ]] ريشا—جيڪي آخرڪار فرنٽل لوب ۾ موٽر ڪورٽيڪس ۽ پيريئٽل لوب ۾ سوماتوسينسري ڪورٽيڪس تائين پهچن ٿا، ۽ پڻ [[ريفلڪس]] جي عمل وسيلي ڪم ڪن ٿا۔ ٿوريڪڪ علائقي ۾ اهي هڪ ٻئي کان الڳ رهندا آهن ۽ هر هڪ عضلي ۽ چمڙي جي هڪ تنگ پٽي کي فراهمي ڏيندو آهي، جيڪا پاسي، سينو، پسليون ۽ پيٽ جي ڀت سان لاڳاپيل هوندي آهي۔ انهن رامين کي [[انٽرڪوسٽل تنتون]] سڏيو ويندو آهي۔ ٻين علائقن ۾، وينٽرل رامي پاڻ ۾ گڏ ٿي تنتن جا ڄار ٺاهين ٿا، جن کي [[تنتي ڄار]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ هر ڄار اندر مختلف وينٽرل رامي جا ريشا گڏجي وري ورهائجي وڃن ٿا، جنهن ڪري هر تنت ۾ ڪيترن مختلف ريڙهي تنتن جا ريشا شامل ٿين ٿا۔ ان جو هڪ فائدو اهو آهي ته جيڪڏهن هڪ ريڙهي تنت خراب ٿئي ته پورو عضوو مڪمل طور مفلوج نٿو ٿئي۔ وينٽرل رامي مان چار اهم تنتي ڄار ٺهن ٿا: * [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] — C1–C4 مان ٺهيل، جنهن جون شاخون (جن ۾ فرينڪ تنت شامل آهي) ڳچيءَ جا ڏورا، ڊائيفرام ۽ ڳچي ۽ مٿئين سينو جي چمڙي کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ * [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]] — C5–T1 مان ٺهيل، جيڪو ڪلهي ۽ مٿئين عضو کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ * [[لمبر تنتي ڄار]] — L1–L4 مان ٺهيل۔ * [[سيڪرل تنتي ڄار]] — L4–S4 مان ٺهيل، جيڪو هيٺين عضون ۽ پيليوڪ علائقي کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ وينٽرل رامي، جن ۾ سينوورٽيبريل تنت جون شاخون پڻ شامل آهن، فيسٽ جوائنٽ جي اڳيان موجود بناوٽن کي به فراهمي ڏين ٿا، جهڙوڪ ورٽيبريل باڊيز، ڊسڪون ۽ انهن جا ليگيمنٽس، ۽ ٻين ريڙهي تنتن سان گڏجي [[لمبوسيڪرل تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿا۔ == حوالا == {{Gray's}} == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == * {{NormanAnatomy|terminologyanatplanes}} ({{NormanAnatomyFig|typicalspinalnerve}}) * {{UMichAtlas|abdo_wall72}} - "[[لمبوسيڪرل تنتي ڄار]]" {{Nervous tissue}} {{Portal bar|Anatomy}} {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:ريڙهي تنت]] [[زمرو:ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] 6dav7gmcl3b0gqt2mcl93arp1bm9y94 373172 373171 2026-04-24T14:12:21Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[انٽيرير ريمس آف اسپائنل تنت]] کي [[اسپائنل تنت جو انٽيرير ريمس]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|ريڙهي تنت جي اڳئين ورهاست}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = وينٽرل رامس | Latin = ramus anterior nervi spinalis | Image = spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ڊورسل ۽ وينٽرل پاڙن مان ريڙهي تنت جي ٺهڻ (وينٽرل رامس هيٺئين کاٻي پاسي ڏيکاريل) | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''وينٽرل رامس''' (جمع: '''رامي''') (لاطيني لفظ “شاخ” لاءِ) [[ريڙهي تنت]] جي اڳئين ورهاست آهي۔ وينٽرل رامي [[ڌڙ (اناٽامي)|ڌڙ]] جي اڳيان ۽ پاسي وارن حصن ۽ عضون (limbs) کي فراهمي ڏين ٿا۔ اهي عام طور [[ڊورسل رامس]] کان وڏا هوندا آهن۔ ريڙهي تنت جيئن ئي [[انٽرورٽيبريل فورامن]] مان نڪري ٿو، اهو جلد ئي ٽن شاخن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو: [[ڊورسل رامس]]، وينٽرل رامس، ۽ [[رامس ڪميونيڪنس]]۔ انهن ٽنهي بناوٽن ۾ [[حسي نظام|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي نظام|حرڪتي]] ڄاڻ هوندي آهي۔ هر [[ريڙهي تنت]] هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] آهي، جيڪو ٻنهي قسمن جي ڄاڻ کڻي ٿو، يعني [[ايفرينٽ تنتي ريشا|ايفرينٽ]] ۽ [[ايفرينٽ تنتي ريشا|ايفرينٽ]] ريشا—جيڪي آخرڪار فرنٽل لوب ۾ موٽر ڪورٽيڪس ۽ پيريئٽل لوب ۾ سوماتوسينسري ڪورٽيڪس تائين پهچن ٿا، ۽ پڻ [[ريفلڪس]] جي عمل وسيلي ڪم ڪن ٿا۔ ٿوريڪڪ علائقي ۾ اهي هڪ ٻئي کان الڳ رهندا آهن ۽ هر هڪ عضلي ۽ چمڙي جي هڪ تنگ پٽي کي فراهمي ڏيندو آهي، جيڪا پاسي، سينو، پسليون ۽ پيٽ جي ڀت سان لاڳاپيل هوندي آهي۔ انهن رامين کي [[انٽرڪوسٽل تنتون]] سڏيو ويندو آهي۔ ٻين علائقن ۾، وينٽرل رامي پاڻ ۾ گڏ ٿي تنتن جا ڄار ٺاهين ٿا، جن کي [[تنتي ڄار]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ هر ڄار اندر مختلف وينٽرل رامي جا ريشا گڏجي وري ورهائجي وڃن ٿا، جنهن ڪري هر تنت ۾ ڪيترن مختلف ريڙهي تنتن جا ريشا شامل ٿين ٿا۔ ان جو هڪ فائدو اهو آهي ته جيڪڏهن هڪ ريڙهي تنت خراب ٿئي ته پورو عضوو مڪمل طور مفلوج نٿو ٿئي۔ وينٽرل رامي مان چار اهم تنتي ڄار ٺهن ٿا: * [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] — C1–C4 مان ٺهيل، جنهن جون شاخون (جن ۾ فرينڪ تنت شامل آهي) ڳچيءَ جا ڏورا، ڊائيفرام ۽ ڳچي ۽ مٿئين سينو جي چمڙي کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ * [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]] — C5–T1 مان ٺهيل، جيڪو ڪلهي ۽ مٿئين عضو کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ * [[لمبر تنتي ڄار]] — L1–L4 مان ٺهيل۔ * [[سيڪرل تنتي ڄار]] — L4–S4 مان ٺهيل، جيڪو هيٺين عضون ۽ پيليوڪ علائقي کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ وينٽرل رامي، جن ۾ سينوورٽيبريل تنت جون شاخون پڻ شامل آهن، فيسٽ جوائنٽ جي اڳيان موجود بناوٽن کي به فراهمي ڏين ٿا، جهڙوڪ ورٽيبريل باڊيز، ڊسڪون ۽ انهن جا ليگيمنٽس، ۽ ٻين ريڙهي تنتن سان گڏجي [[لمبوسيڪرل تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿا۔ == حوالا == {{Gray's}} == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == * {{NormanAnatomy|terminologyanatplanes}} ({{NormanAnatomyFig|typicalspinalnerve}}) * {{UMichAtlas|abdo_wall72}} - "[[لمبوسيڪرل تنتي ڄار]]" {{Nervous tissue}} {{Portal bar|Anatomy}} {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:ريڙهي تنت]] [[زمرو:ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] 6dav7gmcl3b0gqt2mcl93arp1bm9y94 373207 373172 2026-04-24T15:57:46Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[اسپائنل تنت جو انٽيرير ريمس]] کي [[ريڙھي تنت جي اڳئين شاخ]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|ريڙهي تنت جي اڳئين ورهاست}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = وينٽرل رامس | Latin = ramus anterior nervi spinalis | Image = spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ڊورسل ۽ وينٽرل پاڙن مان ريڙهي تنت جي ٺهڻ (وينٽرل رامس هيٺئين کاٻي پاسي ڏيکاريل) | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''وينٽرل رامس''' (جمع: '''رامي''') (لاطيني لفظ “شاخ” لاءِ) [[ريڙهي تنت]] جي اڳئين ورهاست آهي۔ وينٽرل رامي [[ڌڙ (اناٽامي)|ڌڙ]] جي اڳيان ۽ پاسي وارن حصن ۽ عضون (limbs) کي فراهمي ڏين ٿا۔ اهي عام طور [[ڊورسل رامس]] کان وڏا هوندا آهن۔ ريڙهي تنت جيئن ئي [[انٽرورٽيبريل فورامن]] مان نڪري ٿو، اهو جلد ئي ٽن شاخن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو: [[ڊورسل رامس]]، وينٽرل رامس، ۽ [[رامس ڪميونيڪنس]]۔ انهن ٽنهي بناوٽن ۾ [[حسي نظام|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي نظام|حرڪتي]] ڄاڻ هوندي آهي۔ هر [[ريڙهي تنت]] هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] آهي، جيڪو ٻنهي قسمن جي ڄاڻ کڻي ٿو، يعني [[ايفرينٽ تنتي ريشا|ايفرينٽ]] ۽ [[ايفرينٽ تنتي ريشا|ايفرينٽ]] ريشا—جيڪي آخرڪار فرنٽل لوب ۾ موٽر ڪورٽيڪس ۽ پيريئٽل لوب ۾ سوماتوسينسري ڪورٽيڪس تائين پهچن ٿا، ۽ پڻ [[ريفلڪس]] جي عمل وسيلي ڪم ڪن ٿا۔ ٿوريڪڪ علائقي ۾ اهي هڪ ٻئي کان الڳ رهندا آهن ۽ هر هڪ عضلي ۽ چمڙي جي هڪ تنگ پٽي کي فراهمي ڏيندو آهي، جيڪا پاسي، سينو، پسليون ۽ پيٽ جي ڀت سان لاڳاپيل هوندي آهي۔ انهن رامين کي [[انٽرڪوسٽل تنتون]] سڏيو ويندو آهي۔ ٻين علائقن ۾، وينٽرل رامي پاڻ ۾ گڏ ٿي تنتن جا ڄار ٺاهين ٿا، جن کي [[تنتي ڄار]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ هر ڄار اندر مختلف وينٽرل رامي جا ريشا گڏجي وري ورهائجي وڃن ٿا، جنهن ڪري هر تنت ۾ ڪيترن مختلف ريڙهي تنتن جا ريشا شامل ٿين ٿا۔ ان جو هڪ فائدو اهو آهي ته جيڪڏهن هڪ ريڙهي تنت خراب ٿئي ته پورو عضوو مڪمل طور مفلوج نٿو ٿئي۔ وينٽرل رامي مان چار اهم تنتي ڄار ٺهن ٿا: * [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] — C1–C4 مان ٺهيل، جنهن جون شاخون (جن ۾ فرينڪ تنت شامل آهي) ڳچيءَ جا ڏورا، ڊائيفرام ۽ ڳچي ۽ مٿئين سينو جي چمڙي کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ * [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]] — C5–T1 مان ٺهيل، جيڪو ڪلهي ۽ مٿئين عضو کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ * [[لمبر تنتي ڄار]] — L1–L4 مان ٺهيل۔ * [[سيڪرل تنتي ڄار]] — L4–S4 مان ٺهيل، جيڪو هيٺين عضون ۽ پيليوڪ علائقي کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ وينٽرل رامي، جن ۾ سينوورٽيبريل تنت جون شاخون پڻ شامل آهن، فيسٽ جوائنٽ جي اڳيان موجود بناوٽن کي به فراهمي ڏين ٿا، جهڙوڪ ورٽيبريل باڊيز، ڊسڪون ۽ انهن جا ليگيمنٽس، ۽ ٻين ريڙهي تنتن سان گڏجي [[لمبوسيڪرل تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿا۔ == حوالا == {{Gray's}} == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == * {{NormanAnatomy|terminologyanatplanes}} ({{NormanAnatomyFig|typicalspinalnerve}}) * {{UMichAtlas|abdo_wall72}} - "[[لمبوسيڪرل تنتي ڄار]]" {{Nervous tissue}} {{Portal bar|Anatomy}} {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:ريڙهي تنت]] [[زمرو:ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] 6dav7gmcl3b0gqt2mcl93arp1bm9y94 373211 373207 2026-04-24T16:12:14Z Intisar Ali 8681 373211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|ريڙهي تنت جي اڳئين ورهاست}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = وينٽرل شاخ | Latin = ramus anterior nervi spinalis | Image = spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ڊورسل ۽ وينٽرل پاڙن مان ريڙهي تنت جي ٺهڻ (وينٽرل شاخ هيٺئين کاٻي پاسي ڏيکاريل) | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''وينٽرل شاخ''' ventral ramus (جمع: '''رامي''') (لاطيني لفظ “شاخ” لاءِ) [[ريڙهي تنت]] جي اڳئين ورهاست آهي۔ وينٽرل رامي [[ڌڙ (اناٽامي)|ڌڙ]] جي اڳيان ۽ پاسي وارن حصن ۽ عضون کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ اهي عام طور [[پوئين شاخ]] کان وڏي هوندي آهي۔ ريڙهي تنت جيئن ئي [[انٽرورٽيبريل فورامن]] مان نڪري ٿي، اها جلد ئي ٽن شاخن ۾ ورهائجي ٿي: [[پوئين شاخ]]، اڳئين شاخ (وينٽرل رامس)، ۽ [[رامس ڪميونيڪنس]]۔ انهن ٽنهي بناوٽن ۾ [[حسي نظام|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي نظام|حرڪتي]] ڄاڻ هوندي آهي۔ هر [[ريڙهي تنت]] هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] آهي، جيڪو ٻنهي قسمن جي ڄاڻ کڻي ٿو، يعني [[ايفرينٽ تنتي ريشا|ايفرينٽ]] ۽ [[ايفرينٽ تنتي ريشا|ايفرينٽ]] ريشا—جيڪي آخرڪار فرنٽل لوب ۾ موٽر ڪورٽيڪس ۽ پيريئٽل لوب ۾ سوماتوسينسري ڪورٽيڪس تائين پهچن ٿا، ۽ پڻ [[ريفلڪس]] جي عمل وسيلي ڪم ڪن ٿا۔ ٿوريڪڪ علائقي ۾ اهي هڪ ٻئي کان الڳ رهندا آهن ۽ هر هڪ عضلي ۽ چمڙي جي هڪ تنگ پٽي کي فراهمي ڏيندو آهي، جيڪا پاسي، سينو، پسليون ۽ پيٽ جي ڀت سان لاڳاپيل هوندي آهي۔ انهن رامين کي [[انٽرڪوسٽل تنتون]] سڏيو ويندو آهي۔ ٻين علائقن ۾، وينٽرل رامي پاڻ ۾ گڏ ٿي تنتن جا ڄار ٺاهين ٿا، جن کي [[تنتي ڄار]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ هر ڄار اندر مختلف وينٽرل رامي جا ريشا گڏجي وري ورهائجي وڃن ٿا، جنهن ڪري هر تنت ۾ ڪيترن مختلف ريڙهي تنتن جا ريشا شامل ٿين ٿا۔ ان جو هڪ فائدو اهو آهي ته جيڪڏهن هڪ ريڙهي تنت خراب ٿئي ته پورو عضوو مڪمل طور مفلوج نٿو ٿئي۔ وينٽرل رامي مان چار اهم تنتي ڄار ٺهن ٿا: * [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] — C1–C4 مان ٺهيل، جنهن جون شاخون (جن ۾ فرينڪ تنت شامل آهي) ڳچيءَ جا ڏورا، ڊائيفرام ۽ ڳچي ۽ مٿئين سينو جي چمڙي کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ * [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]] — C5–T1 مان ٺهيل، جيڪو ڪلهي ۽ مٿئين عضو کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ * [[لمبر تنتي ڄار]] — L1–L4 مان ٺهيل۔ * [[سيڪرل تنتي ڄار]] — L4–S4 مان ٺهيل، جيڪو هيٺين عضون ۽ پيليوڪ علائقي کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ وينٽرل رامي، جن ۾ سينوورٽيبريل تنت جون شاخون پڻ شامل آهن، فيسٽ جوائنٽ جي اڳيان موجود بناوٽن کي به فراهمي ڏين ٿا، جهڙوڪ ورٽيبريل باڊيز، ڊسڪون ۽ انهن جا ليگيمنٽس، ۽ ٻين ريڙهي تنتن سان گڏجي [[لمبوسيڪرل تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿا۔ == حوالا == {{Gray's}} == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == * {{NormanAnatomy|terminologyanatplanes}} ({{NormanAnatomyFig|typicalspinalnerve}}) * {{UMichAtlas|abdo_wall72}} - "[[لمبوسيڪرل تنتي ڄار]]" {{Nervous tissue}} {{Portal bar|Anatomy}} {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:ريڙهي تنت]] [[زمرو:ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] jfrbgng4dkff4ze4116i0v0j9hbxser 373254 373211 2026-04-24T19:06:59Z Intisar Ali 8681 373254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|ريڙهي تنت جي اڳئين ورهاست}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = وينٽرل شاخ | Latin = ramus anterior nervi spinalis | Image = spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ڊورسل ۽ وينٽرل پاڙن مان ريڙهي تنت جي ٺهڻ (وينٽرل شاخ هيٺئين کاٻي پاسي ڏيکاريل) | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''وينٽرل شاخ''' ventral ramus (جمع: '''رامي''') (لاطيني لفظ “شاخ” لاءِ) [[ريڙهي تنت]] جي اڳئين ورهاست آهي۔ وينٽرل رامي [[ڌڙ (اناٽامي)|ڌڙ]] جي اڳيان ۽ پاسي وارن حصن ۽ عضون کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ اهي عام طور [[پوئين شاخ]] کان وڏي هوندي آهي۔ ريڙهي تنت جيئن ئي [[انٽرورٽيبريل فورامن]] مان نڪري ٿي، اها جلد ئي ٽن شاخن ۾ ورهائجي ٿي: [[پوئين شاخ]]، اڳئين شاخ (وينٽرل رامس)، ۽ [[رامس ڪميونيڪنس]]۔ انهن ٽنهي بناوٽن ۾ [[حسي نظام|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي نظام|حرڪتي]] ڄاڻ هوندي آهي۔ هر [[ريڙهي تنت]] هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] آهي، جيڪو ٻنهي قسمن جي ڄاڻ کڻي ٿو، يعني [[ايفرينٽ تنتي ريشا|ايفرينٽ]] ۽ [[ايفرينٽ تنتي ريشا|ايفرينٽ]] ريشا—جيڪي آخرڪار فرنٽل لوب ۾ موٽر ڪورٽيڪس ۽ پيريئٽل لوب ۾ سوماتوسينسري ڪورٽيڪس تائين پهچن ٿا، ۽ پڻ [[اضطراري]] عمل وسيلي ڪم ڪن ٿا۔ ڇاتي واري ھنڌ ۾ اهي هڪ ٻئي کان الڳ رهندا آهن ۽ هر هڪ ڏوري muscle ۽ چمڙي جي هڪ تنگ تھ کي فراهمي ڏيندو آهي، جيڪا پاسي، ڇاتي، پسليون ۽ پيٽ جي ڀت سان لاڳاپيل هوندي آهي۔ ان تنتي ڄار کي [[پاسيرين واريون تنتون]] سڏيو ويندو آهي۔ ٻين علائقن ۾، وينٽرل تنتي ڄار پاڻ ۾ گڏ ٿي تنتن جا ڄار ٺاهين ٿا، جن کي [[تنتي ڄار]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ هر شاخ اندر مختلف وينٽرل شاخ جا ريشا گڏجي وري ورهائجي وڃن ٿا، جنهن ڪري هر تنت ۾ ڪيترن مختلف ريڙهي تنتن جا ريشا شامل ٿين ٿا۔ ان جو هڪ فائدو اهو آهي ته جيڪڏهن هڪ ريڙهي تنت خراب ٿئي ته پورو عضوو مڪمل طور مفلوج نٿو ٿئي۔ وينٽرل شاخ مان چار اهم تنتي ڄار ٺهن ٿا: * [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] — C1–C4 مان ٺهيل، جنهن جون شاخون (جن ۾ فرينڪ تنت شامل آهي) ڳچيءَ جا ڏورا، ڊائيفرام ۽ ڳچي ۽ مٿئين سيني يا ڇاتي جي چمڙي کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ * [[ٻانھن وارو تنتي ڄار|ٻانھن واري تنتي ڄار]] — C5–T1 مان ٺهيل، جيڪو ڪلهي ۽ مٿئين عضوي کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ * [[چيلھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] — L1–L4 مان ٺهيل۔ * [[پولھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] — L4–S4 مان ٺهيل، جيڪو هيٺين عضون ۽ ڍاڪ واري ھنڌ کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو۔ وينٽرل شاخ، جن ۾ [[سينو ريڙھي تنت]] (sinuvertebiral nerve) جون شاخون پڻ شامل آهن، جيڪو فيسٽ جوڙ جي اڳيان موجود بناوٽن کي به فراهمي ڏين ٿا، جھڙوڪ ريڙھي جسمن، مھرن ۽ انهن جي [[ليگمينٽ|ليگيمنٽن]]، ۽ ٻين ريڙهي تنتن سان گڏجي [[چيلھ ۽ پولھ وارو تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿا۔ == حوالا == {{Gray's}} == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == * {{NormanAnatomy|terminologyanatplanes}} ({{NormanAnatomyFig|typicalspinalnerve}}) * {{UMichAtlas|abdo_wall72}} - "[[لمبوسيڪرل تنتي ڄار]]" {{Nervous tissue}} {{Portal bar|Anatomy}} {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:ريڙهي تنت]] [[زمرو:ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] gfjva80mfa9ifd2fsmppmjo60bhjigf 0 95291 373173 2026-04-24T14:12:21Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[انٽيرير ريمس آف اسپائنل تنت]] کي [[اسپائنل تنت جو انٽيرير ريمس]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373173 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[اسپائنل تنت جو انٽيرير ريمس]] nage9m8rs7ujjgxy3tn7bz4oi0orc8v 0 95292 373191 2026-04-24T15:39:28Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 1]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 1]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373191 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 1]] ec3vszm52zym1shze03y1kwofwaelr4 0 95293 373193 2026-04-24T15:40:31Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 2]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 2]] ڏانھن چوريو 373193 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 2]] 5i0ufqcbfak9ht95jq7mwz6znehyswa 0 95294 373195 2026-04-24T15:41:20Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 3]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 3]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373195 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 3]] n5ao94bls6ba31qzw2jiacozfcxvgbj 0 95295 373197 2026-04-24T15:44:01Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 4]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 4]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373197 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 4]] tia5bmcuh4fzdd5pd2qxzxwf69hfyna 0 95296 373199 2026-04-24T15:46:51Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 5]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 5]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373199 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 5]] pn3p5i4nihqsu05y9sv14lbnyjvgeel 0 95297 373202 2026-04-24T15:48:44Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 6]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 6]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373202 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 6]] 2uppkxj42fmokhu14j06myzixtbrdte 0 95298 373204 2026-04-24T15:50:54Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 7]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 7]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373204 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 7]] 1b3lkrnzew6ovt48duxsw4vnvgkf968 0 95299 373206 2026-04-24T15:52:37Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل اسپائنل تنت 8]] کي [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 8]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373206 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[گردني ريڙھي تنت 8]] dbhtnav4ookiskzabrykus0i4qb3bd0 0 95300 373208 2026-04-24T15:57:47Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[اسپائنل تنت جو انٽيرير ريمس]] کي [[ريڙھي تنت جي اڳئين شاخ]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373208 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[ريڙھي تنت جي اڳئين شاخ]] 4u9ugg8ywl64w02h2mqhjjim6rb75f0 14 95301 373223 2026-04-24T17:57:24Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:معاشي فلاسافي]] 373223 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:معاشي فلاسافي]] dffavjygaitkrn2xiiidfnwwtlup3d0 14 95302 373225 2026-04-24T17:58:41Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] 373225 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] sgw6sqtttyn739p36xkf5tskmgmqrsx 14 95303 373226 2026-04-24T18:00:40Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] 373226 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] sgw6sqtttyn739p36xkf5tskmgmqrsx 14 95304 373227 2026-04-24T18:01:44Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] 373227 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] sgw6sqtttyn739p36xkf5tskmgmqrsx 14 95305 373228 2026-04-24T18:02:16Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] 373228 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] sgw6sqtttyn739p36xkf5tskmgmqrsx 373253 373228 2026-04-24T19:05:53Z Memon2025 21315 373253 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:ڪمپيوٽنگ]] kikiz103n3v5n2hhnc4b9oeekyrc4c7 14 95306 373229 2026-04-24T18:02:59Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] 373229 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] sgw6sqtttyn739p36xkf5tskmgmqrsx 14 95307 373230 2026-04-24T18:03:43Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] 373230 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] sgw6sqtttyn739p36xkf5tskmgmqrsx 373252 373230 2026-04-24T19:04:46Z Memon2025 21315 373252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪم]] [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] nisvmxldhirvbhghlcxs9zkwrg4j89q 14 95308 373231 2026-04-24T18:04:12Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] 373231 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] sgw6sqtttyn739p36xkf5tskmgmqrsx 14 95309 373232 2026-04-24T18:04:55Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] 373232 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] sgw6sqtttyn739p36xkf5tskmgmqrsx 14 95310 373233 2026-04-24T18:05:29Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] 373233 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] sgw6sqtttyn739p36xkf5tskmgmqrsx 14 95311 373234 2026-04-24T18:06:34Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] 373234 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] sgw6sqtttyn739p36xkf5tskmgmqrsx 373255 373234 2026-04-24T19:07:40Z Memon2025 21315 373255 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:پيشا]] 5l4iisn010uxyant8f1kd9ij9ag844p 373260 373255 2026-04-24T19:12:55Z Memon2025 21315 373260 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:پيشا]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] 9noaptxzdmt3m23ybwcwfdammvkyf0j 373276 373260 2026-04-24T19:27:36Z Memon2025 21315 373276 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] [[زمرو:پيشا بلحاظ قسم]] sif5lk6ubgfk8vzntx6rgadxrl26eyx 14 95312 373239 2026-04-24T18:12:44Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] 373239 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪاروبار]] sgw6sqtttyn739p36xkf5tskmgmqrsx 0 95313 373259 2026-04-24T19:11:57Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سروائيڪل پليڪسس]] کي [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 373259 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] toa7swgjyd1300edobyrmrpuppxpnhh 0 95314 373265 2026-04-24T19:14:32Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[بريڪيئل پليڪسس]] کي [[ٻانھن جو تنتي ڄار]] ڏانھن چوريو 373265 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[ٻانھن جو تنتي ڄار]] mfq1skdih3s70c7g5ikncwsskwdenm8 0 95315 373268 2026-04-24T19:17:17Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{مختصر وضاحت|ريڙهي تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست}} {{Infobox Nerve | Name = ڊورسل رامس ريڙهي تنت | Latin = ramus posterior nervi spinalis | Image = Spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ريڙهي تنت جو خاڪو | Image2 = Gray802.png | Caption2 = ريڙهي تنتن جي پٺئين ورهاستن جي جلدي شاخن جي ورڇ جا علائقا؛ وچين شاخن جا علائقا ڪار... 373268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|ريڙهي تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست}} {{Infobox Nerve | Name = ڊورسل رامس ريڙهي تنت | Latin = ramus posterior nervi spinalis | Image = Spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ريڙهي تنت جو خاڪو | Image2 = Gray802.png | Caption2 = ريڙهي تنتن جي پٺئين ورهاستن جي جلدي شاخن جي ورڇ جا علائقا؛ وچين شاخن جا علائقا ڪاري رنگ ۾ ۽ پاسي وارن جا ڳاڙهي رنگ ۾ ڏيکاريل آهن۔ | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''ڊورسل رامس ريڙهي تنت'''، '''پوسٽيرير رامس ريڙهي تنت''' يا '''پوسٽيرير پرائمري ڊويزن''' ريڙهي تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست آهي۔ ڊورسل رامي پٺيءَ جي گهرا (يعني اندروني يا حقيقي) ڏورن کي حرڪتي فراهمي ڏين ٿا، ۽ سر، ڳچي ۽ پٺيءَ جي پٺئين حصي جي چمڙي کي حسي فراهمي ڏين ٿا۔<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ramus posterior nervi spinalis |url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ramus+posterior+nervi+spinalis |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=TheFreeDictionary.com}}</ref> هڪ ريڙهي تنت [[انٽرورٽيبريل فورامن]] اندر ورهائجي ٻن شاخن ۾ تبديل ٿئي ٿو: ڊورسل رامس ۽ وينٽرل رامس۔ پوءِ ڊورسل رامس پٺئين طرف وڃي، ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو: وچين شاخ ۽ پاسي واري شاخ۔ اهي ٻئي شاخون پٺيءَ جي گهرا ڏورن کي حرڪتي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ ڳچي ۽ مٿئين پٺيءَ ۾، وچين شاخ چمڙي کي حسي فراهمي به ڏئي ٿي؛ جڏهن ته هيٺئين پٺيءَ ۾ اهو ڪم پاسي واري شاخ ڪري ٿي۔ ان کان علاوه، سڀئي وچين شاخون [[زيگا پوفائزيئل جوڙ]] ۽ [[هڏن جي ٻاهرين جھلي]] (پيري اوسٽيئم) کي به حسي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون، جيڪي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] سان لاڳاپيل آهن۔<ref name=":0" /> symmvau7wprmhan95ndnhjgsxw0qqye 373279 373268 2026-04-24T19:29:23Z Intisar Ali 8681 373279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|ريڙهي تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست}} {{Infobox Nerve | Name = ڊورسل رامس ريڙهي تنت | Latin = ramus posterior nervi spinalis | Image = Spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ريڙهي تنت جو خاڪو | Image2 = Gray802.png | Caption2 = ريڙهي تنتن جي پٺئين ورهاستن جي جلدي شاخن جي ورڇ جا علائقا؛ وچين شاخن جا علائقا ڪاري رنگ ۾ ۽ پاسي وارن جا ڳاڙهي رنگ ۾ ڏيکاريل آهن۔ | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''ريڙھي تنت جي پوئين شاخ''' ('''Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve''') يا '''پوسٽيرير رامس ريڙهي تنت''' يا '''پوسٽيرير پرائمري ڊويزن''' ريڙهي تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست آهي۔ ڊورسل رامي پٺيءَ جي ڏورن muscles کي حرڪتي فراهمي ڏين ٿا، ۽ مٿي، ڳچي ۽ پٺيءَ جي پٺئين حصي جي چمڙي کي حسي فراهمي ڏين ٿا۔<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ramus posterior nervi spinalis |url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ramus+posterior+nervi+spinalis |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=TheFreeDictionary.com}}</ref> هڪ ريڙهي تنت [[انٽرورٽيبريل فورامن]] اندر ورهائجي ٻن شاخن ۾ تبديل ٿئي ٿي: ڊورسل رامس ۽ وينٽرل رامس۔ پوءِ ڊورسل رامس پٺئين طرف وڃي، ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو: وچين شاخ ۽ پاسي واري شاخ۔ اهي ٻئي شاخون پٺيءَ جي ڏورن کي حرڪتي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ ڳچي ۽ مٿئين پٺيءَ ۾، وچين شاخ چمڙي کي حسي فراهمي به ڏئي ٿي؛ جڏهن ته هيٺئين پٺيءَ ۾ اهو ڪم پاسي واري شاخ ڪري ٿي۔ ان کان علاوه، سڀئي وچين شاخون [[زيگا پوفائزيئل جوڙ]] ۽ [[هڏن جي ٻاهرين جھلي]] (پيري اوسٽيئم) کي به حسي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون، جيڪي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] سان لاڳاپيل آهن۔<ref name=":0" /> jufuprth7pa10rzs98koixl71fhq13d 373280 373279 2026-04-24T19:29:36Z Intisar Ali 8681 373280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|ريڙهي تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = ڊورسل رامس ريڙهي تنت | Latin = ramus posterior nervi spinalis | Image = Spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ريڙهي تنت جو خاڪو | Image2 = Gray802.png | Caption2 = ريڙهي تنتن جي پٺئين ورهاستن جي جلدي شاخن جي ورڇ جا علائقا؛ وچين شاخن جا علائقا ڪاري رنگ ۾ ۽ پاسي وارن جا ڳاڙهي رنگ ۾ ڏيکاريل آهن۔ | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''ريڙھي تنت جي پوئين شاخ''' ('''Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve''') يا '''پوسٽيرير رامس ريڙهي تنت''' يا '''پوسٽيرير پرائمري ڊويزن''' ريڙهي تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست آهي۔ ڊورسل رامي پٺيءَ جي ڏورن muscles کي حرڪتي فراهمي ڏين ٿا، ۽ مٿي، ڳچي ۽ پٺيءَ جي پٺئين حصي جي چمڙي کي حسي فراهمي ڏين ٿا۔<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ramus posterior nervi spinalis |url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ramus+posterior+nervi+spinalis |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=TheFreeDictionary.com}}</ref> هڪ ريڙهي تنت [[انٽرورٽيبريل فورامن]] اندر ورهائجي ٻن شاخن ۾ تبديل ٿئي ٿي: ڊورسل رامس ۽ وينٽرل رامس۔ پوءِ ڊورسل رامس پٺئين طرف وڃي، ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو: وچين شاخ ۽ پاسي واري شاخ۔ اهي ٻئي شاخون پٺيءَ جي ڏورن کي حرڪتي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ ڳچي ۽ مٿئين پٺيءَ ۾، وچين شاخ چمڙي کي حسي فراهمي به ڏئي ٿي؛ جڏهن ته هيٺئين پٺيءَ ۾ اهو ڪم پاسي واري شاخ ڪري ٿي۔ ان کان علاوه، سڀئي وچين شاخون [[زيگا پوفائزيئل جوڙ]] ۽ [[هڏن جي ٻاهرين جھلي]] (پيري اوسٽيئم) کي به حسي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون، جيڪي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] سان لاڳاپيل آهن۔<ref name=":0" /> kiij45poa1zztwonwrpqm2vh2kc14q9 373291 373280 2026-04-24T19:46:24Z Intisar Ali 8681 373291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|ريڙهي تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = ريڙهي تنت جي پوئين شاخ | Latin = ramus posterior nervi spinalis | Image = Spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ريڙهي تنت جو خاڪو | Image2 = Gray802.png | Caption2 = ريڙهي تنتن جي پٺئين ورهاستن جي جلدي شاخن جي ورڇ جا علائقا؛ وچين شاخن جا علائقا ڪاري رنگ ۾ ۽ پاسي وارن جا ڳاڙهي رنگ ۾ ڏيکاريل آهن۔ | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''ريڙھي تنت جي پوئين شاخ''' ('''Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve''') يا '''پوسٽيرير رامس ريڙهي تنت''' يا '''پوسٽيرير پرائمري ڊويزن''' ريڙهي تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست آهي۔ ڊورسل رامي پٺيءَ جي ڏورن muscles کي حرڪتي فراهمي ڏين ٿا، ۽ مٿي، ڳچي ۽ پٺيءَ جي پٺئين حصي جي چمڙي کي حسي فراهمي ڏين ٿا۔<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ramus posterior nervi spinalis |url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ramus+posterior+nervi+spinalis |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=TheFreeDictionary.com}}</ref> هڪ ريڙهي تنت [[انٽرورٽيبريل فورامن]] اندر ورهائجي ٻن شاخن ۾ تبديل ٿئي ٿي: ڊورسل رامس (پٺئين شاخ) ۽ وينٽرل رامس (اڳئين شاخ)۔ پوءِ ڊورسل رامس پٺئين طرف وڃي، ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿي: وچين شاخ ۽ پاسي واري شاخ۔ اهي ٻئي شاخون پٺيءَ جي ڏورن کي حرڪتي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ ڳچي ۽ مٿئين پٺيءَ ۾، وچين شاخ چمڙي کي حسي فراهمي به ڏئي ٿي؛ جڏهن ته هيٺئين پٺيءَ ۾ اهو ڪم پاسي واري شاخ ڪري ٿي۔ ان کان علاوه، سڀئي وچيونء شاخون [[زيگا پوفائزيئل جوڙ]] ۽ [[هڏن جي ٻاهرين جھلي]] (پيري اوسٽيئم) کي به حسي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون، جيڪي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] سان لاڳاپيل آهن۔<ref name=":0" /> == بناوٽ == وينٽرل پاڙن جا ايڪسون [[پٺئين پاڙ گينگليا]] سان گڏجي مخلوط ريڙهي تنت ٺاهين ٿا (هيٺان ڏيکاريل). پوءِ اهي گڏجي پيري فِرل تنتون ٺاهين ٿا۔ ٿوري ئي دير کان پوءِ هي [[ريڙهي تنت]] ٺهڻ کان پوءِ ٻن شاخن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو: پٺئين شاخ ۽ ريڙهي تنت جي پٺئين شاخ۔ ريڙهي تنتون [[مخلوط تنت]] هونديون آهن جيڪي ٻنهي [[حسي نظام|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي نظام|حرڪتي]] ڄاڻ کڻنديون آهن۔ اهو وڌيڪ شاخون ٺاهي [[رامس ڪميونيڪنس|ڀورا ۽ اڇا رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس]] ٺاهيندو آهي، جيڪي [[سمپٿٽڪ گينگليا]] سان رابطو قائم ڪن ٿا۔ ٺهڻ کان پوءِ، هر ريڙهي تنت جو ڊورسل رامس (پٺئين شاخ) پٺئين طرف هلي ٿو، سواءِ پهرين [[گردن]] واري، چوٿين ۽ پنجين [[سيڪرم]] واري، ۽ [[پڇ واري ھڏي]] جي۔ ڊورسل رامي پوءِ [[جڳهه جا اناٽاميڪل اصطلاح#وچولو ۽ پاسي وارو|وچولو، وچ وارو ۽ پاسي وارو]] شاخن ۾ ورهائجن ٿا۔ پاسي واري شاخ [[ايليوڪوسٽيلِس]] ڏوري (muscle) کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي، ۽ پٺيءَ ۾ ان ڏوري جي پاسي واري چمڙي کي به حسي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي۔ وچ واري شاخ [[اسپائينالس]] ۽ [[لانگيسيمس]] ڏورن (muscles) کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي۔ وچولي شاخ پٺيءَ جي باقي سڀني ايپيڪسيل مان نڪتل ڏورن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي (جن ۾ [[ٽرانسورسواسپائينيلس]]، انٽر ٽرانسورسيري، انٽر اسپائينالس، سب اوڪسيپيٽل ۽ اسپلينيوس ڏورا شامل آهن)، ۽ پڻ [[زيگا پوفائزيئل جوڙ]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي۔ hqi26weng71p7736ox0cm5kntdenpnr 373292 373291 2026-04-24T19:51:02Z Intisar Ali 8681 373292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|ريڙهي تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = ريڙهي تنت جي پوئين شاخ | Latin = ramus posterior nervi spinalis | Image = Spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ريڙهي تنت جو خاڪو | Image2 = Gray802.png | Caption2 = ريڙهي تنتن جي پٺئين ورهاستن جي جلدي شاخن جي ورڇ جا علائقا؛ وچين شاخن جا علائقا ڪاري رنگ ۾ ۽ پاسي وارن جا ڳاڙهي رنگ ۾ ڏيکاريل آهن۔ | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''ريڙھي تنت جي پوئين شاخ''' ('''Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve''') يا '''پوسٽيرير رامس ريڙهي تنت''' يا '''پوسٽيرير پرائمري ڊويزن''' ريڙهي تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست آهي۔ ڊورسل رامي پٺيءَ جي ڏورن muscles کي حرڪتي فراهمي ڏين ٿا، ۽ مٿي، ڳچي ۽ پٺيءَ جي پٺئين حصي جي چمڙي کي حسي فراهمي ڏين ٿا۔<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ramus posterior nervi spinalis |url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ramus+posterior+nervi+spinalis |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=TheFreeDictionary.com}}</ref> هڪ ريڙهي تنت [[انٽرورٽيبريل فورامن]] اندر ورهائجي ٻن شاخن ۾ تبديل ٿئي ٿي: ڊورسل رامس (پٺئين شاخ) ۽ وينٽرل رامس (اڳئين شاخ)۔ پوءِ ڊورسل رامس پٺئين طرف وڃي، ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي ٿي: وچين شاخ ۽ پاسي واري شاخ۔ اهي ٻئي شاخون پٺيءَ جي ڏورن کي حرڪتي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ ڳچي ۽ مٿئين پٺيءَ ۾، وچين شاخ چمڙي کي حسي فراهمي به ڏئي ٿي؛ جڏهن ته هيٺئين پٺيءَ ۾ اهو ڪم پاسي واري شاخ ڪري ٿي۔ ان کان علاوه، سڀئي وچيونء شاخون [[زيگا پوفائزيئل جوڙ]] ۽ [[هڏن جي ٻاهرين جھلي]] (پيري اوسٽيئم) کي به حسي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون، جيڪي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] سان لاڳاپيل آهن۔<ref name=":0" /> == بناوٽ == وينٽرل پاڙن جا ايڪسون [[پٺئين پاڙ گينگليا]] سان گڏجي مخلوط ريڙهي تنت ٺاهين ٿا (هيٺان ڏيکاريل). پوءِ اهي گڏجي پيري فِرل تنتون ٺاهين ٿا۔ ٿوري ئي دير کان پوءِ هي [[ريڙهي تنت]] ٺهڻ کان پوءِ ٻن شاخن ۾ ورهائجي ٿو: پٺئين شاخ ۽ ريڙهي تنت جي پٺئين شاخ۔ ريڙهي تنتون [[مخلوط تنت]] هونديون آهن جيڪي ٻنهي [[حسي نظام|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي نظام|حرڪتي]] ڄاڻ کڻنديون آهن۔ اهو وڌيڪ شاخون ٺاهي [[رامس ڪميونيڪنس|ڀورا ۽ اڇا رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس]] ٺاهيندو آهي، جيڪي [[سمپٿٽڪ گينگليا]] سان رابطو قائم ڪن ٿا۔ ٺهڻ کان پوءِ، هر ريڙهي تنت جو ڊورسل رامس (پٺئين شاخ) پٺئين طرف هلي ٿو، سواءِ پهرين [[گردن]] واري، چوٿين ۽ پنجين [[سيڪرم]] واري، ۽ [[پڇ واري ھڏي]] جي۔ ڊورسل رامي پوءِ [[جڳهه جا اناٽاميڪل اصطلاح#وچولو ۽ پاسي وارو|وچولو، وچ وارو ۽ پاسي وارو]] شاخن ۾ ورهائجن ٿا۔ پاسي واري شاخ [[ايليوڪوسٽيلِس]] ڏوري (muscle) کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي، ۽ پٺيءَ ۾ ان ڏوري جي پاسي واري چمڙي کي به حسي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي۔ وچ واري شاخ [[اسپائينالس]] ۽ [[لانگيسيمس]] ڏورن (muscles) کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي۔ وچولي شاخ پٺيءَ جي باقي سڀني ايپيڪسيل مان نڪتل ڏورن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي (جن ۾ [[ٽرانسورسواسپائينيلس]]، انٽر ٽرانسورسيري، انٽر اسپائينالس، سب اوڪسيپيٽل ۽ اسپلينيوس ڏورا شامل آهن)، ۽ پڻ [[زيگا پوفائزيئل جوڙ]] کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي۔ == ڪم == ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ هر [[ريڙهي تنت]] حسي ۽ حرڪتي ٻنهي قسمن جي ڄاڻ کڻي ٿو، تنهنڪري ريڙهي تنتن کي [[مخلوط تنت]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ پٺئين رامي ويسيرل حرڪتي، سوماتڪ حرڪتي ۽ حسي ڄاڻ کي پٺيءَ جي چمڙي ۽ گهرا ڏورن ڏانهن ۽ انهن کان واپس کڻن ٿا۔ پٺئين رامي هڪ ٻئي کان الڳ رهندا آهن، ۽ هر هڪ پٺيءَ تي چمڙي ۽ ڏورن جي هڪ تنگ پٽي کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿو، عام طور تي ان سطح تي جتان اهو رامس ريڙهي تنت مان نڪري ٿو۔ ==حوالا== {{Reflist}} == اضافي تصويرون == <gallery> Image:Spinal nerve.svg|ڊورسل ۽ وينٽرل پاڙن مان ريڙهي تنت جي ٺهڻ </gallery> == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == * {{NormanAnatomy|terminologyanatplanes}} ({{NormanAnatomyFig|typicalspinalnerve}}) {{Nervous tissue}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ڊورسل رامس ريڙهي تنت}} [[زمرو:ريڙهي تنت]] [[زمرو:ٿوريڪڪ تنت]] 1qdizzd6hkwdvn8o53vlobk868nupti 14 95316 373282 2026-04-24T19:34:06Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڪيميائي شيون]] 373282 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪيميائي شيون]] 6vh6l368gqk67ylakttpiux490wdwin 10 95317 373293 2026-04-24T19:53:17Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: [http://www.wesnorman.com/{{{1}}}.htm {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}] تي "اناٽامي سبق" (The Anatomy Lesson) از ويسلي نارمن (جارج ٽائون يونيورسٽي) <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:طب جا ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا سانچا|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:اناٽامي جا ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا سانچا|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 373293 wikitext text/x-wiki [http://www.wesnorman.com/{{{1}}}.htm {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}] تي "اناٽامي سبق" (The Anatomy Lesson) از ويسلي نارمن (جارج ٽائون يونيورسٽي) <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:طب جا ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا سانچا|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:اناٽامي جا ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا سانچا|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 0i07y0v9ewqiq17dys5yyu29vix3gvs 373294 373293 2026-04-24T19:59:05Z Intisar Ali 8681 373294 wikitext text/x-wiki [http://www.wesnorman.com/{{{1}}}.htm {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}] تي "اناٽامي سبق" (The Anatomy Lesson) از ويسلي نارمن (جارج ٽائون يونيورسٽي) <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[زمرو:طب جا ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا سانچا|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[زمرو:اناٽامي جا ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا سانچا|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> ggsk9b6d283g6smm60ytts6a6n00tbu 10 95318 373295 2026-04-24T20:04:52Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Navbox | name = تنتي بافتو | title = [[تنتي بافتو]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[مرڪزي تنتي نظام|سي اين ايس]] | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = بافتن جا قسم | list1 = * [[گري ميٽر]] * [[وائيٽ ميٽر]] ** [[پروجيڪشن فائبرز]] ** [[ايسوسيئيشن فائبرز]] ** [[ڪميسورل فائبرز]] ** ليمنس... 373295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = تنتي بافتو | title = [[تنتي بافتو]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[مرڪزي تنتي نظام|سي اين ايس]] | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = بافتن جا قسم | list1 = * [[گري ميٽر]] * [[وائيٽ ميٽر]] ** [[پروجيڪشن فائبرز]] ** [[ايسوسيئيشن فائبرز]] ** [[ڪميسورل فائبرز]] ** [[ليمنسڪس]] ** [[تنتي ٽريڪٽ]] ** [[ڊيڪسوسيشن]] * [[نيوروپِل]] * [[ميننجز]] | group2 = سيلن جا قسم | list2 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = [[نيورون]]ل | list1 = * [[پيراميڊل سيل]] * [[پرڪنجِي سيل]] * [[گرانول سيل]] * [[وان ايڪونومو نيورون]] * [[ميڊيم اسپائني نيورون]] * [[انٽرنيورون]] | group2 = [[گليا|گليئل]] | list2 = * [[ايسٽرو سائيٽ]] * [[ايپينڊائمل سيل]] ** [[ٽينائيسائيٽ]] * [[اولِيگوڊينڊرو سائيٽ پروجينيٽر سيل]] * [[اولِيگوڊينڊرو سائيٽ]] * [[مائڪروگليا]] }} }} | group2 = [[پردي تنتي نظام|پي اين ايس]] | list2 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = عام | list1 = * ''ڊورسل'' ** [[ڊورسل روٽ ريڙهي تنت]] ** [[ڊورسل روٽ گينگليون]] ** [[ڊورسل رامس ريڙهي تنت]] * ''وينٽرل'' ** [[وينٽرل روٽ ريڙهي تنت]] ** [[وينٽرل رامس ريڙهي تنت]] * ''[[رامس ڪميونيڪنس]]'' ** [[گري رامس ڪميونيڪنس]] ** [[وائيٽ رامس ڪميونيڪنس]] * [[خودڪار گينگليون]] ([[پري گينگليونڪ تنتي ريشا]] * [[پوسٽ گينگليونڪ تنتي ريشا]]) * [[تنتي فاسِڪل]] * [[فنيڪولس]] | group2 = [[جوڙجڪ وارو بافتو]] | list2 = * [[ايپينوريم]] * [[پيرينوريم]] * [[اينڊونوريم]] | group3 = [[گليا|نيوروگليا]] | list3 = * [[مائيلينيشن]]: [[شوان سيل]] ** [[نيوريلمما]] ** [[مائيلن انسيژر]] ** [[رانويئر جو نوڊ]] ** [[انٽرنوڊل سيگمينٽ]] * [[سيٽلائيٽ گليئل سيل]] }} | group3 = [[نيورون]]/<br />[[تنتي ريشا]] | list3 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = حصا | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = [[سوما]] | list1 = * [[ايڪسون هيلوڪ]] | group2 = [[ايڪسون]] | list2 = * [[ٽيلونڊينڊرون]] * [[ايڪسون ٽرمينل]] * [[ايڪسوپلازم]] * [[ايڪسو ليما]] * [[نيوروفائبرِل/نيوروفلامينٽ]] | group3 = [[ڊينڊرائيٽ]] | list3 = ** [[نِسل باڊي]] ** [[ڊينڊرائيٽڪ اسپائن]] ** [[ايپيڪل ڊينڊرائيٽ]]/[[بيزل ڊينڊرائيٽ]] }} | group2 = قسم | list2 = * [[بائي پولر نيورون]] * [[يوني پولر نيورون]] * [[پسيوڊو يوني پولر نيورون]] * [[ملٽي پولر نيورون]] * [[انٽرنيورون]] ** [[رينشا سيل]] | group3 = [[ايفرينٽ تنتي ريشا]]/<br />[[حسي نيورون]] | list3 = * [[جنرل سوماتڪ ايفرينٽ فائبرز|GSA]] * [[جنرل ويسيرل ايفرينٽ فائبرز|GVA]] * [[اسپيشل سوماتڪ ايفرينٽ|SSA]] * [[اسپيشل ويسيرل ايفرينٽ|SVA]] * [[ايڪسون جا قسم|ريشا]] ** [[ٽائيپ Ia فائبر]] ** [[گولجي ٽينڊن آرگن]] ** [[ٽائيپ II فائبر]] ** [[گروپ A فائبر]] ** [[گروپ C فائبر]] | group4 = [[ايفرينٽ تنتي ريشا]]/<br />[[حرڪتي نيورون]] | list4 = * [[جنرل سوماتڪ ايفرينٽ فائبرز|GSE]] * [[جنرل ويسيرل ايفرينٽ فائبرز|GVE]] * [[اسپيشل ويسيرل ايفرينٽ|SVE]] * [[اپر موٽر نيورون]] * [[لوئر موٽر نيورون]] ** [[الفا موٽر نيورون]] ** [[بيٽا موٽر نيورون]] ** [[گاما موٽر نيورون]] }} | group4 = پڄاڻي | list4 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = [[سائناپس]] | list1 = * [[اليڪٽريڪل سائناپس]]/[[گيپ جنڪشن]] * [[ڪيميڪل سائناپس]] ** [[سائناپٽڪ ويسيڪل]] ** [[ايڪٽو زون]] ** [[پوسٽ سائناپٽڪ ڊينسٽي]] * [[آٽو سائناپس]] * [[ربن سائناپس]] * [[نيورومسڪيولر جنڪشن]] | group2 = [[حسي ريسيپٽر]] | list2 = * [[ميسنر ڪارپسڪل]] * [[مرڪل تنتي پڇاڙي]] * [[پيسينين ڪارپسڪل]] * [[رفيني اينڊنگ]] * [[مسڪل اسپنڊل]] * [[فري تنتي پڇاڙي]] * [[نوڪي سيپٽر]] * [[اولفيڪٽري ريسيپٽر نيورون]] * [[فوٽو ريسيپٽر سيل]] * [[هير سيل]] * [[ذائقي جو ريسيپٽر]] }} }} <noinclude> {{collapsible option}} {{Anatomy navbox doc}} [[Category:تنتي ۽ حسي نظام جا سانچا]] </noinclude> k46apkrhezgm76dja49kjgri52lkyui 373296 373295 2026-04-24T20:10:39Z Intisar Ali 8681 373296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = تنتي ٽشو يا تاندورو | title = [[تنتي ٽشو]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[مرڪزي تنتي نظام|سي اين ايس]] | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = ٽشو جا قسم | list1 = * [[گري ميٽر]] * [[وائيٽ ميٽر]] ** [[پروجيڪشن فائبرز]] ** [[ايسوسيئيشن فائبرز]] ** [[ڪميسورل فائبرز]] ** [[ليمنسڪس]] ** [[تنتي ٽريڪٽ]] ** [[ڊيڪسوسيشن]] * [[نيوروپِل]] * [[ميننجز]] | group2 = خلين جا قسم | list2 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = [[نيورون| نيوران وارا]] | list1 = * [[پيراميڊل خليو]] * [[پرڪنجِي خليو]] * [[گرانول خليو]] * [[وان ايڪونومو نيورون]] * [[ميڊيم اسپائني نيورون]] * [[انٽرنيورون]] | group2 = [[گليا|گليئل]] | list2 = * [[ايسٽرو سائيٽ]] * [[ايپينڊائمل سيل]] ** [[ٽينائيسائيٽ]] * [[اولِيگوڊينڊرو سائيٽ پروجينيٽر سيل]] * [[اولِيگوڊينڊرو سائيٽ]] * [[مائڪروگليا]] }} }} | group2 = [[پردي تنتي نظام|پي اين ايس]] | list2 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = عام | list1 = * ''ڊورسل'' ** [[ڊورسل روٽ ريڙهي تنت]] ** [[ڊورسل روٽ گينگليون]] ** [[ڊورسل رامس ريڙهي تنت]] * ''وينٽرل'' ** [[وينٽرل روٽ ريڙهي تنت]] ** [[وينٽرل رامس ريڙهي تنت]] * ''[[رامس ڪميونيڪنس]]'' ** [[گري رامس ڪميونيڪنس]] ** [[وائيٽ رامس ڪميونيڪنس]] * [[خودڪار گينگليون]] ([[پري گينگليونڪ تنتي ريشا]] * [[پوسٽ گينگليونڪ تنتي ريشا]]) * [[تنتي فاسِڪل]] * [[فنيڪولس]] | group2 = [[جوڙجڪ وارو بافتو]] | list2 = * [[ايپينوريم]] * [[پيرينوريم]] * [[اينڊونوريم]] | group3 = [[گليا|نيوروگليا]] | list3 = * [[مائيلينيشن]]: [[شوان سيل]] ** [[نيوريلمما]] ** [[مائيلن انسيژر]] ** [[رانويئر جو نوڊ]] ** [[انٽرنوڊل سيگمينٽ]] * [[سيٽلائيٽ گليئل سيل]] }} | group3 = [[نيورون]]/<br />[[تنتي ريشا]] | list3 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = حصا | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = [[سوما]] | list1 = * [[ايڪسون هيلوڪ]] | group2 = [[ايڪسون]] | list2 = * [[ٽيلونڊينڊرون]] * [[ايڪسون ٽرمينل]] * [[ايڪسوپلازم]] * [[ايڪسو ليما]] * [[نيوروفائبرِل/نيوروفلامينٽ]] | group3 = [[ڊينڊرائيٽ]] | list3 = ** [[نِسل باڊي]] ** [[ڊينڊرائيٽڪ اسپائن]] ** [[ايپيڪل ڊينڊرائيٽ]]/[[بيزل ڊينڊرائيٽ]] }} | group2 = قسم | list2 = * [[بائي پولر نيورون]] * [[يوني پولر نيورون]] * [[پسيوڊو يوني پولر نيورون]] * [[ملٽي پولر نيورون]] * [[انٽرنيورون]] ** [[رينشا سيل]] | group3 = [[ايفرينٽ تنتي ريشا]]/<br />[[حسي نيورون]] | list3 = * [[جنرل سوماتڪ ايفرينٽ فائبرز|GSA]] * [[جنرل ويسيرل ايفرينٽ فائبرز|GVA]] * [[اسپيشل سوماتڪ ايفرينٽ|SSA]] * [[اسپيشل ويسيرل ايفرينٽ|SVA]] * [[ايڪسون جا قسم|ريشا]] ** [[ٽائيپ Ia فائبر]] ** [[گولجي ٽينڊن آرگن]] ** [[ٽائيپ II فائبر]] ** [[گروپ A فائبر]] ** [[گروپ C فائبر]] | group4 = [[ايفرينٽ تنتي ريشا]]/<br />[[حرڪتي نيورون]] | list4 = * [[جنرل سوماتڪ ايفرينٽ فائبرز|GSE]] * [[جنرل ويسيرل ايفرينٽ فائبرز|GVE]] * [[اسپيشل ويسيرل ايفرينٽ|SVE]] * [[اپر موٽر نيورون]] * [[لوئر موٽر نيورون]] ** [[الفا موٽر نيورون]] ** [[بيٽا موٽر نيورون]] ** [[گاما موٽر نيورون]] }} | group4 = پڄاڻي | list4 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = [[سائناپس]] | list1 = * [[اليڪٽريڪل سائناپس]]/[[گيپ جنڪشن]] * [[ڪيميڪل سائناپس]] ** [[سائناپٽڪ ويسيڪل]] ** [[ايڪٽو زون]] ** [[پوسٽ سائناپٽڪ ڊينسٽي]] * [[آٽو سائناپس]] * [[ربن سائناپس]] * [[نيورومسڪيولر جنڪشن]] | group2 = [[حسي ريسيپٽر]] | list2 = * [[ميسنر ڪارپسڪل]] * [[مرڪل تنتي پڇاڙي]] * [[پيسينين ڪارپسڪل]] * [[رفيني اينڊنگ]] * [[مسڪل اسپنڊل]] * [[فري تنتي پڇاڙي]] * [[نوڪي سيپٽر]] * [[اولفيڪٽري ريسيپٽر نيورون]] * [[فوٽو ريسيپٽر سيل]] * [[هير سيل]] * [[ذائقي جو ريسيپٽر]] }} }} <noinclude> {{collapsible option}} {{Anatomy navbox doc}} [[Category:تنتي ۽ حسي نظام جا سانچا]] </noinclude> ezqg98id8psfq231qq7apjvnqj2iuzs 0 95319 373297 2026-04-24T20:18:56Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Infobox nerve | Name = گردني تنتن جون پٺيون شاخون | Latin = rami posteriores nervorum cervicalium | Image = Gray800.png | Caption = مٿين ٽن گردني تنتن جون پٺيون بنيادي ورهاستون | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = [[گردني تنتون]] | BranchTo = }} '''گردني تنتن جون پٺيون شاخون''' (Posterior branches of cervical nerves)ڊورس... 373297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox nerve | Name = گردني تنتن جون پٺيون شاخون | Latin = rami posteriores nervorum cervicalium | Image = Gray800.png | Caption = مٿين ٽن گردني تنتن جون پٺيون بنيادي ورهاستون | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = [[گردني تنتون]] | BranchTo = }} '''گردني تنتن جون پٺيون شاخون''' (Posterior branches of cervical nerves)[[ڊورسل رامس ريڙهي تنت]] مان نڪرندڙ شاخون آهن، جيڪي [[گردني تنت|گردني تنتن]] سان لاڳاپيل آهن۔ 1ssa3swoewqf9mtfx9d07bhnnozu6wb 373298 373297 2026-04-24T20:32:07Z Intisar Ali 8681 373298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox nerve | Name = گردني تنتن جون پٺيون شاخون | Latin = rami posteriores nervorum cervicalium | Image = Gray800.png | Caption = مٿين ٽن گردني تنتن جون پٺيون بنيادي ورهاستون | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = [[گردني تنتون]] | BranchTo = }} '''گردني تنتن جون پٺيون شاخون''' (Posterior branches of cervical nerves)[[ڊورسل رامس ريڙهي تنت]] مان نڪرندڙ شاخون آهن، جيڪي [[گردني تنت|گردني تنتن]] سان لاڳاپيل آهن۔ == شاخون == === پهريون === پهريئين گردني تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست يا [[ذيلي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت]] اڳئين ورهاست کان وڏي هوندي آهي، ۽ [[ايٽلس]] جي پٺئين محراب جي مٿان ۽ [[ورٽيبريل شريان]] جي هيٺان نڪرندي آهي۔ اها [[سب اوڪسيپيٽل ٽرائنگل]] ۾ داخل ٿي انهن ڏورن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي جيڪي هن ٽڪنڊي جون حدون ٺاهين ٿا، يعني [[ريڪٽس ڪيپيٽس پوسٽيرير ميجر]]، ۽ [[او بليڪيوس ڪيپيٽس سپيريئر]] ۽ [[او بليڪيوس ڪيپيٽس انفيريئر]]؛ اها [[ريڪٽس ڪيپيٽس پوسٽيرير مائنر]] ۽ [[سيمِي اسپائينالس ڪيپيٽس]] کي به شاخون ڏئي ٿي۔ او بليڪيوس ڪيپيٽس انفيريئر ڏوري ڏانهن ويندڙ شاخ مان هڪ باريڪ تارو ٻئي گردني تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست سان ملي ٿو۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هي تنت هڪ چمڙي لاء شاخ به ڏئي ٿي جيڪا اوڪسيپيٽل شريان سان گڏ [[مٿي جي چمڙي]] ڏانهن وڃي ٿي، ۽ وڏي ۽ ننڍي اوڪسيپيٽل تنتن سان رابطو قائم ڪري ٿي۔ === ٻيون === ٻئين گردني تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست اڳئين کان گهڻي وڏي هوندي آهي ۽ سڀني گردني پٺئين ورهاستن ۾ سڀ کان وڏي آهي۔ اها ايٽلس جي پٺئين محراب ۽ ايڪسس جي لامينا جي وچ مان، او بليڪيوس ڪيپيٽس انفيريئر جي هيٺان نڪري ٿي۔ اها هن ڏوري کي هڪ ننڍي شاخ ڏئي ٿي، پهرين گردني تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست کان هڪ رابطو حاصل ڪري ٿي، ۽ پوءِ هڪ وڏي وچين ۽ ننڍي پاسي واري شاخ ۾ ورهائجي ٿي۔ * ''وچين شاخ'' (ramus medialis)، جيڪا پنهنجي جسامت ۽ ورڇ سبب [[گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل تنت]] سڏجي ٿي، او بليڪيوس ڪيپيٽس انفيريئر ۽ سيمِي اسپائينالس ڪيپيٽس جي وچ مان مٿي وڃي ٿي، پوءِ انهن کي ڇڏي ٽريپيزيوس کي پار ڪري اوڪسيپيٽل هڏي جي ويجهو داخل ٿئي ٿي۔ پوءِ اها ٽئين گردني تنت جي وچين شاخ سان ملي ٿي، ۽ اوڪسيپيٽل شريان سان گڏ مٿي وڃي، شاخن ۾ ورهائجي سر جي چمڙي کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي، جيڪا کوپڙي جي مٿئين حصي تائين پهچي ٿي۔ اها سيمِي اسپائينالس ڪيپيٽس کي عضلاتي شاخون به ڏئي ٿي ۽ ڪڏهن ڪن جي پٺئين حصي ڏانهن به هڪ ننڍي شاخ ڏئي ٿي۔ * ''پاسي واري شاخ'' (ramus lateralis) اسپلينيوس، لانگيسيمس ڪيپيٽس ۽ سيمِي اسپائينالس ڪيپيٽس کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي، ۽ اڪثر ٽئين گردني تنت جي ساڳي شاخ سان ملي ٿي۔ === ٽيون === ٽئين گردني تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست سائيز ۾ ٻئي ۽ چوٿين جي وچ ۾ هوندي آهي۔ * ''وچين شاخ'' سيمِي اسپائينالس ڪيپيٽس ۽ سرويائسس جي وچ مان وڃي ٿي، پوءِ اسپلينيوس ۽ ٽريپيزيوس کي پار ڪري چمڙي تي ختم ٿئي ٿي۔ ٽريپيزيوس جي هيٺان اهو هڪ شاخ ڏئي ٿو جنهن کي [[ٽئين اوڪسيپيٽل تنت]] چيو وڃي ٿو، جيڪو ٽريپيزيوس کي پار ڪري سر جي هيٺئين پٺئين حصي جي چمڙي تي ختم ٿئي ٿو۔ اهو گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل تنت جي وچ واري پاسي هوندو آهي ۽ ان سان رابطو به رکي ٿو۔ * ''پاسي واري شاخ'' اڪثر ٻئي گردني تنت جي پاسي واري شاخ سان ملي ٿي۔ سب اوڪسيپيٽل تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست، ۽ ٻئي ۽ ٽئين گردني تنتن جي وچين شاخون ڪڏهن ڪڏهن رابطا ٺاهي هڪ پٺيون [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿيون۔ === چوٿين کان اٺين تائين === هيٺين پنجن گردني تنتن جون پٺيون ورهاستون وچين ۽ پاسي واري شاخن ۾ ورهائجن ٿيون۔ * ''وچيون شاخون'' چوٿين ۽ پنجين گردني تنتن جون سيمِي اسپائينالس سرويائسس ۽ ڪيپيٽس جي وچ مان گذري، اسپائنس پروسيس تائين پهچڻ کان پوءِ اسپلينيوس ۽ ٽريپيزيوس کي پار ڪري چمڙي ۾ ختم ٿين ٿيون۔ ڪڏهن پنجين واري شاخ چمڙي تائين نه پهچي ٿي۔ هيٺين ٽن تنتن جون وچيون شاخون ننڍيون هونديون آهن ۽ [[سيمِي اسپائينالس سرويائسس]]، [[سيمِي اسپائينالس ڪيپيٽس]]، [[ملٽي فيڊس]] ۽ [[انٽر اسپائينالس]] ڏورن ۾ ختم ٿين ٿيون۔ * ''پاسي واري شاخون'' هيٺين پنجن تنتن جون [[ايليوڪوسٽيلِس سرويائسس]]، [[لانگيسيمس سرويائسس]] ۽ [[لانگيسيمس ڪيپيٽس]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ cdeoz35lcbflnusf439yhdfy818tudy 373299 373298 2026-04-24T20:33:59Z Intisar Ali 8681 373299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox nerve | Name = گردني تنتن جون پٺيون شاخون | Latin = rami posteriores nervorum cervicalium | Image = Gray800.png | Caption = مٿين ٽن گردني تنتن جون پٺيون بنيادي ورهاستون | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = [[گردني تنتون]] | BranchTo = }} '''گردني تنتن جون پٺيون شاخون''' (Posterior branches of cervical nerves)[[ڊورسل رامس ريڙهي تنت]] مان نڪرندڙ شاخون آهن، جيڪي [[گردني تنت|گردني تنتن]] سان لاڳاپيل آهن۔ == شاخون == === پهريون === پهريئين گردني تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست يا [[ذيلي مٿي جي پٺي واري تنت]] اڳئين ورهاست کان وڏي هوندي آهي، ۽ [[ايٽلس]] جي پٺئين محراب جي مٿان ۽ [[ورٽيبريل شريان]] جي هيٺان نڪرندي آهي۔ اها [[سب اوڪسيپيٽل ٽرائنگل]] ۾ داخل ٿي انهن ڏورن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي جيڪي هن ٽڪنڊي جون حدون ٺاهين ٿا، يعني [[ريڪٽس ڪيپيٽس پوسٽيرير ميجر]]، ۽ [[او بليڪيوس ڪيپيٽس سپيريئر]] ۽ [[او بليڪيوس ڪيپيٽس انفيريئر]]؛ اها [[ريڪٽس ڪيپيٽس پوسٽيرير مائنر]] ۽ [[سيمِي اسپائينالس ڪيپيٽس]] کي به شاخون ڏئي ٿي۔ او بليڪيوس ڪيپيٽس انفيريئر ڏوري ڏانهن ويندڙ شاخ مان هڪ باريڪ تارو ٻئي گردني تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست سان ملي ٿو۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هي تنت هڪ چمڙي لاء شاخ به ڏئي ٿي جيڪا اوڪسيپيٽل شريان سان گڏ [[مٿي جي چمڙي]] ڏانهن وڃي ٿي، ۽ وڏي ۽ ننڍي اوڪسيپيٽل تنتن سان رابطو قائم ڪري ٿي۔ === ٻيون === ٻئين گردني تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست اڳئين کان گهڻي وڏي هوندي آهي ۽ سڀني گردني پٺئين ورهاستن ۾ سڀ کان وڏي آهي۔ اها ايٽلس جي پٺئين محراب ۽ ايڪسس جي لامينا جي وچ مان، او بليڪيوس ڪيپيٽس انفيريئر جي هيٺان نڪري ٿي۔ اها هن ڏوري کي هڪ ننڍي شاخ ڏئي ٿي، پهرين گردني تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست کان هڪ رابطو حاصل ڪري ٿي، ۽ پوءِ هڪ وڏي وچين ۽ ننڍي پاسي واري شاخ ۾ ورهائجي ٿي۔ * ''وچين شاخ'' (ramus medialis)، جيڪا پنهنجي جسامت ۽ ورڇ سبب [[گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل تنت]] سڏجي ٿي، او بليڪيوس ڪيپيٽس انفيريئر ۽ سيمِي اسپائينالس ڪيپيٽس جي وچ مان مٿي وڃي ٿي، پوءِ انهن کي ڇڏي ٽريپيزيوس کي پار ڪري اوڪسيپيٽل هڏي جي ويجهو داخل ٿئي ٿي۔ پوءِ اها ٽئين گردني تنت جي وچين شاخ سان ملي ٿي، ۽ اوڪسيپيٽل شريان سان گڏ مٿي وڃي، شاخن ۾ ورهائجي سر جي چمڙي کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي، جيڪا کوپڙي جي مٿئين حصي تائين پهچي ٿي۔ اها سيمِي اسپائينالس ڪيپيٽس کي عضلاتي شاخون به ڏئي ٿي ۽ ڪڏهن ڪن جي پٺئين حصي ڏانهن به هڪ ننڍي شاخ ڏئي ٿي۔ * ''پاسي واري شاخ'' (ramus lateralis) اسپلينيوس، لانگيسيمس ڪيپيٽس ۽ سيمِي اسپائينالس ڪيپيٽس کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي، ۽ اڪثر ٽئين گردني تنت جي ساڳي شاخ سان ملي ٿي۔ === ٽيون === ٽئين گردني تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست سائيز ۾ ٻئي ۽ چوٿين جي وچ ۾ هوندي آهي۔ * ''وچين شاخ'' سيمِي اسپائينالس ڪيپيٽس ۽ سرويائسس جي وچ مان وڃي ٿي، پوءِ اسپلينيوس ۽ ٽريپيزيوس کي پار ڪري چمڙي تي ختم ٿئي ٿي۔ ٽريپيزيوس جي هيٺان اهو هڪ شاخ ڏئي ٿو جنهن کي [[ٽئين اوڪسيپيٽل تنت]] چيو وڃي ٿو، جيڪو ٽريپيزيوس کي پار ڪري سر جي هيٺئين پٺئين حصي جي چمڙي تي ختم ٿئي ٿو۔ اهو گريٽر اوڪسيپيٽل تنت جي وچ واري پاسي هوندو آهي ۽ ان سان رابطو به رکي ٿو۔ * ''پاسي واري شاخ'' اڪثر ٻئي گردني تنت جي پاسي واري شاخ سان ملي ٿي۔ سب اوڪسيپيٽل تنت جي پٺئين ورهاست، ۽ ٻئي ۽ ٽئين گردني تنتن جي وچين شاخون ڪڏهن ڪڏهن رابطا ٺاهي هڪ پٺيون [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿيون۔ === چوٿين کان اٺين تائين === هيٺين پنجن گردني تنتن جون پٺيون ورهاستون وچين ۽ پاسي واري شاخن ۾ ورهائجن ٿيون۔ * ''وچيون شاخون'' چوٿين ۽ پنجين گردني تنتن جون سيمِي اسپائينالس سرويائسس ۽ ڪيپيٽس جي وچ مان گذري، اسپائنس پروسيس تائين پهچڻ کان پوءِ اسپلينيوس ۽ ٽريپيزيوس کي پار ڪري چمڙي ۾ ختم ٿين ٿيون۔ ڪڏهن پنجين واري شاخ چمڙي تائين نه پهچي ٿي۔ هيٺين ٽن تنتن جون وچيون شاخون ننڍيون هونديون آهن ۽ [[سيمِي اسپائينالس سرويائسس]]، [[سيمِي اسپائينالس ڪيپيٽس]]، [[ملٽي فيڊس]] ۽ [[انٽر اسپائينالس]] ڏورن ۾ ختم ٿين ٿيون۔ * ''پاسي واري شاخون'' هيٺين پنجن تنتن جون [[ايليوڪوسٽيلِس سرويائسس]]، [[لانگيسيمس سرويائسس]] ۽ [[لانگيسيمس ڪيپيٽس]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ == اضافي تصويرون == <gallery> File:Gray801.png|ريڙهي تنتن جي پٺئين ورهاستن جي جلدي شاخن جي ورڇ جو خاڪو File:Gray802.png|ريڙهي تنتن جي پٺئين ورهاستن جي جلدي شاخن جي ورڇ جا علائقا </gallery> == حوالا == {{Gray's}} {{Spinal nerves}} [[زمرو:ريڙهي تنت]] {{Portal bar|Anatomy}} 0fn0yg41zj82bp46niqj80wuwi6zevu 10 95320 373300 2026-04-24T20:35:31Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: [[File:PD-icon.svg|12px|class=noviewer|link=|alt=پبلڪ ڊومين]] {{#if: {{{inline|}}}|''مٿي ڏنل هڪ يا وڌيڪ جملن ۾ [[پبلڪ ڊومين]] مان ورتل متن شامل آهي، جيڪو {{#if: {{{page|}}}|[https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/{{{page|}}}/mode/2up صفحو {{{page|}}}] تان&nbsp;}} [[گريز اناٽامي]] (1918) جي ويهين ايڊيشن مان ورتل آهي''|''هن مضمون ۾ پبلڪ ڊوم... 373300 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:PD-icon.svg|12px|class=noviewer|link=|alt=پبلڪ ڊومين]] {{#if: {{{inline|}}}|''مٿي ڏنل هڪ يا وڌيڪ جملن ۾ [[پبلڪ ڊومين]] مان ورتل متن شامل آهي، جيڪو {{#if: {{{page|}}}|[https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/{{{page|}}}/mode/2up صفحو {{{page|}}}] تان&nbsp;}} [[گريز اناٽامي]] (1918) جي ويهين ايڊيشن مان ورتل آهي''|''هن مضمون ۾ [[پبلڪ ڊومين]] مان ورتل متن شامل آهي، جيڪو {{#if: {{wikidata|qualifier|P1343|Q19558994|P304}}|{{wikidata|qualifier|P1343|Q19558994|P304|format=\[https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/%q/mode/2up صفحو %q\] تان&nbsp;}}|}} [[گريز اناٽامي]] (1918) جي ويهين ايڊيشن مان ورتل آهي''}} <noinclude> [[Category:انتساب سانچا]] [[Category:طب جا حوالا سانچا]] </noinclude> <includeonly>{{Main other|[[Category:وڪيپيڊيا مضمون جيڪي گريز اناٽامي (1918) جي ويهين ايڊيشن مان متن شامل ڪن ٿا]]}}</includeonly> <noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> pxl6vvzfs7lgp0knmcr46bxwedft21f 373301 373300 2026-04-24T20:38:11Z Intisar Ali 8681 373301 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:PD-icon.svg|12px|class=noviewer|link=|alt=پبلڪ ڊومين]] {{#if: {{{inline|}}} | ''مٿي ڏنل هڪ يا وڌيڪ جملن ۾ [[پبلڪ ڊومين]] مان ورتل متن شامل آهي، جيڪو {{#if: {{{page|}}}|[https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/{{{page|}}}/mode/2up صفحو {{{page|}}}] تان&nbsp;}} [[گريز اناٽامي]] (1918) جي ويهين ايڊيشن مان ورتل آهي'' | ''هن مضمون ۾ [[پبلڪ ڊومين]] مان ورتل متن شامل آهي، جيڪو [[گريز اناٽامي]] (1918) جي ويهين ايڊيشن مان ورتل آهي'' }} <noinclude> [[Category:انتساب سانچا]] [[Category:طب جا حوالا سانچا]] </noinclude> <includeonly> [[Category:وڪيپيڊيا مضمون جيڪي گريز اناٽامي (1918) جي ويهين ايڊيشن مان متن شامل ڪن ٿا]] </includeonly> <noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 85etg7ggm0ajhqaoanksntwjhim586j 0 95321 373302 2026-04-24T20:49:58Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{مختصر وضاحت|اهڙي تنت جيڪا ريڙهه جي هڏي ۽ جسم جي وچ ۾ سگنلن کي منتقل ڪري ٿي}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = ريڙهي تنت | Latin = nervus spinalis | Image = spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ريڙهي تنت جي ٺهڻ پٺين ۽ اڳين پاڙن مان | Image2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''ريڙهي تنت''' هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] آهي، جيڪا ح... 373302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|اهڙي تنت جيڪا ريڙهه جي هڏي ۽ جسم جي وچ ۾ سگنلن کي منتقل ڪري ٿي}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = ريڙهي تنت | Latin = nervus spinalis | Image = spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ريڙهي تنت جي ٺهڻ پٺين ۽ اڳين پاڙن مان | Image2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''ريڙهي تنت''' هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] آهي، جيڪا [[حرڪتي نيورون|حرڪتي]]، [[حسي نيورون|حسي]] ۽ [[خودڪار تنتي نظام|خودڪار]] سگنلن کي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] ۽ جسم جي وچ ۾ منتقل ڪري ٿي۔ انسان جي جسم ۾ ريڙهي [[تنت]]ن جا 31 جوڙا هوندا آهن، جيڪي [[ريڙهي ستون]] جي ٻنهي پاسن تي هڪ هڪ موجود هوندا آهن۔<ref name="Kaiser">{{cite book |last1=Kaiser |first1=JT |last2=Lugo-Pico |first2=JG |title=Neuroanatomy, Spinal Nerves. |date=January 2024 |pmid=31194375}}</ref><ref name="AANS">{{cite web |title=A Neurosurgeon’s Overview of the Anatomy of the Spine and Peripheral Nervous System |url=https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Anatomy-of-the-Spine-and-Peripheral-Nervous-System |website=www.aans.org |access-date=21 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> اهي تنتون ريڙهه جي مختلف حصن موجب ورهايل آهن: [[گردني مهرن|گردني]]، [[ٿوريڪڪ مهرن|ٿوريڪڪ]]، [[لمبر مهرن|لمبر]]، [[سيڪرَل مهرن|سيڪرَل]] ۽ [[ڪوڪسيجيئل مهرن|ڪوڪسيجيئل]] علائقا۔<ref name="Kaiser"/> انهن ۾ اٺ جوڙا '''گردني تنتن''' جا، ٻارهن جوڙا '''ٿوريڪڪ تنتن''' جا، پنج جوڙا '''لمبر تنتن''' جا، پنج جوڙا '''سيڪرَل تنتن''' جا، ۽ هڪ جوڙو '''ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتن''' جو هوندو آهي۔ ريڙهي تنتون [[پيريفيرل تنتي نظام]] جو حصو آهن۔<ref name="Kaiser" /> 0dqws0qggk4zmr5y3xxu1pbxipwljil 373303 373302 2026-04-24T20:53:16Z Intisar Ali 8681 373303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|اهڙي تنت جيڪا ريڙهه جي هڏي ۽ جسم جي وچ ۾ سگنلن کي منتقل ڪري ٿي}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = ريڙهي تنت | Latin = nervus spinalis | Image = spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ريڙهي تنت جي ٺهڻ پٺين ۽ اڳين پاڙن مان | Image2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''ريڙهي تنت''' هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] آهي، جيڪا [[حرڪتي نيورون|حرڪتي]]، [[حسي نيورون|حسي]] ۽ [[خودڪار تنتي نظام|خودڪار]] سگنلن کي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] ۽ جسم جي وچ ۾ منتقل ڪري ٿي۔ انسان جي جسم ۾ ريڙهي [[تنت]]ن جا 31 جوڙا هوندا آهن، جيڪي [[ريڙهي ستون]] جي ٻنهي پاسن تي هڪ هڪ موجود هوندا آهن۔<ref name="Kaiser">{{cite book |last1=Kaiser |first1=JT |last2=Lugo-Pico |first2=JG |title=Neuroanatomy, Spinal Nerves. |date=January 2024 |pmid=31194375}}</ref><ref name="AANS">{{cite web |title=A Neurosurgeon’s Overview of the Anatomy of the Spine and Peripheral Nervous System |url=https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Anatomy-of-the-Spine-and-Peripheral-Nervous-System |website=www.aans.org |access-date=21 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> اهي تنتون ريڙهه جي مختلف حصن موجب ورهايل آهن: [[گردني مهرن|گردني]]، [[ٿوريڪڪ مهرن|ٿوريڪڪ]]، [[لمبر مهرن|لمبر]]، [[سيڪرَل مهرن|سيڪرَل]] ۽ [[ڪوڪسيجيئل مهرن|ڪوڪسيجيئل]] علائقا۔<ref name="Kaiser"/> انهن ۾ اٺ جوڙا '''گردني تنتن''' جا، ٻارهن جوڙا '''ٿوريڪڪ تنتن''' جا، پنج جوڙا '''لمبر تنتن''' جا، پنج جوڙا '''سيڪرَل تنتن''' جا، ۽ هڪ جوڙو '''ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتن''' جو هوندو آهي۔ ريڙهي تنتون [[پيريفيرل تنتي نظام]] جو حصو آهن۔<ref name="Kaiser" /> == بناوٽ == [[File:Gray675.png|thumb|left|240px|ريڙهي تنت]] [[File:Cervical vertebra english.png|thumb|240px|عام ريڙهي تنت جو هنڌ]] هر '''ريڙهي تنت''' هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] هوندي آهي، جيڪا [[تنتي پاڙ]]ن جي [[ايڪسون|ريشن]] مان ٺهندي آهي، جيڪي ان جي [[ريڙهي تنت جي پٺي پاڙ|پٺين]] ۽ [[ريڙهي تنت جي اڳين پاڙ|اڳين پاڙن]] مان گڏ ٿين ٿا۔ پٺي پاڙ [[حسي ايندڙ تنتي ريشا|حسي ايندڙ]] پاڙ هوندي آهي ۽ حسي معلومات دماغ ڏانهن کڻي وڃي ٿي۔ اڳي پاڙ [[حرڪتي ويندڙ تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي ويندڙ]] پاڙ هوندي آهي ۽ حرڪتي معلومات دماغ مان کڻي اچي ٿي۔ ريڙهي تنت ريڙهه جي هڏي مان هڪ سوراخ ([[مهرن جي وچ وارو سوراخ]]) ذريعي ٻاهر نڪري ٿي، جيڪو پاڙيسري مهرن جي وچ ۾ هوندو آهي۔ اهو سڀني ريڙهي تنتن لاءِ صحيح آهي، سواءِ پهرين ريڙهي تنت (C1) جي، جيڪا [[اوڪسيپيٽل هڏي]] ۽ [[ايٽلس (پهريون مهر)]] جي وچ مان نڪري ٿي۔<ref name="Saladin1">{{cite book |last1=Saladin |first1=Kenneth S. |title=Human anatomy |date=2011 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |isbn=9780071222075 |pages=382–388|edition=3rd}}</ref> ان ڪري گردني تنتن جي ڳڻپ هيٺئين مهر جي بنياد تي ڪئي ويندي آهي، سواءِ C8 جي، جيڪا C7 جي هيٺان ۽ T1 جي مٿان موجود هوندي آهي۔ ٿوريڪڪ، لمبر ۽ سيڪرَل تنتن جي ڳڻپ وري مٿئين مهر جي بنياد تي ٿيندي آهي۔ جيڪڏهن [[لمبر مهرن جي تبديلي|لمبرائزد]] S1 مهر (جنهن کي L6 پڻ چيو وڃي ٿو) يا [[لمبر مهرن جي تبديلي|سيڪرَلائزد]] L5 مهر هجي، تڏهن به عام طور تي تنتن جي ڳڻپ L5 تائين ڪئي ويندي آهي ۽ ايندڙ تنت S1 هوندي آهي۔ [[File:Gray799.svg|thumb|right|300px|عام ريڙهي تنت جي بناوٽ جو خاڪو<br />1. [[عام جسمي حرڪتي ريشا|جسمي حرڪتي]].<br />2. [[عام جسمي حسي ريشا|جسمي حسي]].<br />3,4,5. [[عام اندرين عضون جا حرڪتي ريشا|سمپٿٽڪ حرڪتي]].<br />6,7. [[عام اندرين عضون جا حسي ريشا|خودڪار حسي]].]] ريڙهي ستون کان ٻاهر نڪرڻ کان پوءِ، تنت شاخن ۾ ورهائجي وڃي ٿي۔ [[ريڙهي تنت جي پٺي شاخ|پٺي شاخ]] ۾ اهي تنت شامل هونديون آهن جيڪي ڌڙ جي پٺين حصن کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون ۽ چمڙي ۽ پٺي جي ڏورن تائين حسي ۽ حرڪتي معلومات پهچائين ٿيون ([[ايپي ايڪسيل ڏورا]])۔ [[ريڙهي تنت جي اڳي شاخ|اڳي شاخ]] ڌڙ جي اڳين حصن ۽ مٿين ۽ هيٺين عضون کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي ([[هائيپي ايڪسيل ڏورا]]) ۽ جسم جي اڳيان ۽ پاسن وارن حصن، جسماني ڀتين ۽ عضون تائين حسي ۽ حرڪتي معلومات کڻي وڃي ٿي۔ [[ريڙهي تنت جي ميننجيل شاخون|ميننجيل شاخون]] (واپس ايندڙ ميننجيل يا سائنُوورٽيبرل تنتون) ريڙهي تنت مان نڪري وري مهرن جي وچ واري سوراخ ۾ داخل ٿين ٿيون ۽ لِگامينٽ، ڊُورا، رت جون نليون، مهرن جي وچ وارا ڊسڪ، جوڙ ۽ هڏن جي ٻاهرئين پرت کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ [[رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس]] ۾ خودڪار تنتون شامل هونديون آهن، جيڪي اندرين عضون تائين حرڪتي ۽ حسي سگنل پهچائين ٿيون۔ ڪجهه اڳيون شاخون هڪ ٻئي سان ملي ڪري [[تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿيون، جيڪو پاڻ ۾ ڳنڍيل تنتن جو هڪ جال هوندو آهي۔ اهڙي ڄار مان نڪرندڙ تنتن ۾ مختلف ريڙهي تنتن جا ريشا گڏجي هڪ هنڌ تائين پهچن ٿا۔ اهم [[ريڙهي تنتي ڄار]] آهن: [[گردني تنتي ڄار]]، [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]]، [[لمبر تنتي ڄار]]، [[سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ۽ ننڍو [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتي ڄار]]۔<ref name="Saladin1" /> 7v11pqbz7re9f7ciw2iv4cajxn2z7ge 373304 373303 2026-04-24T20:56:04Z Intisar Ali 8681 373304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|اهڙي تنت جيڪا ريڙهه جي هڏي ۽ جسم جي وچ ۾ سگنلن کي منتقل ڪري ٿي}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = ريڙهي تنت | Latin = nervus spinalis | Image = spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ريڙهي تنت جي ٺهڻ پٺين ۽ اڳين پاڙن مان | Image2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''ريڙهي تنت''' هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] آهي، جيڪا [[حرڪتي نيورون|حرڪتي]]، [[حسي نيورون|حسي]] ۽ [[خودڪار تنتي نظام|خودڪار]] سگنلن کي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] ۽ جسم جي وچ ۾ منتقل ڪري ٿي۔ انسان جي جسم ۾ ريڙهي [[تنت]]ن جا 31 جوڙا هوندا آهن، جيڪي [[ريڙهي ستون]] جي ٻنهي پاسن تي هڪ هڪ موجود هوندا آهن۔<ref name="Kaiser">{{cite book |last1=Kaiser |first1=JT |last2=Lugo-Pico |first2=JG |title=Neuroanatomy, Spinal Nerves. |date=January 2024 |pmid=31194375}}</ref><ref name="AANS">{{cite web |title=A Neurosurgeon’s Overview of the Anatomy of the Spine and Peripheral Nervous System |url=https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Anatomy-of-the-Spine-and-Peripheral-Nervous-System |website=www.aans.org |access-date=21 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> اهي تنتون ريڙهه جي مختلف حصن موجب ورهايل آهن: [[گردني مهرن|گردني]]، [[ٿوريڪڪ مهرن|ٿوريڪڪ]]، [[لمبر مهرن|لمبر]]، [[سيڪرَل مهرن|سيڪرَل]] ۽ [[ڪوڪسيجيئل مهرن|ڪوڪسيجيئل]] علائقا۔<ref name="Kaiser"/> انهن ۾ اٺ جوڙا '''گردني تنتن''' جا، ٻارهن جوڙا '''ٿوريڪڪ تنتن''' جا، پنج جوڙا '''لمبر تنتن''' جا، پنج جوڙا '''سيڪرَل تنتن''' جا، ۽ هڪ جوڙو '''ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتن''' جو هوندو آهي۔ ريڙهي تنتون [[پيريفيرل تنتي نظام]] جو حصو آهن۔<ref name="Kaiser" /> == بناوٽ == [[File:Gray675.png|thumb|left|240px|ريڙهي تنت]] [[File:Cervical vertebra english.png|thumb|240px|عام ريڙهي تنت جو هنڌ]] هر '''ريڙهي تنت''' هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] هوندي آهي، جيڪا [[تنتي پاڙ]]ن جي [[ايڪسون|ريشن]] مان ٺهندي آهي، جيڪي ان جي [[ريڙهي تنت جي پٺي پاڙ|پٺين]] ۽ [[ريڙهي تنت جي اڳين پاڙ|اڳين پاڙن]] مان گڏ ٿين ٿا۔ پٺي پاڙ [[حسي ايندڙ تنتي ريشا|حسي ايندڙ]] پاڙ هوندي آهي ۽ حسي معلومات دماغ ڏانهن کڻي وڃي ٿي۔ اڳي پاڙ [[حرڪتي ويندڙ تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي ويندڙ]] پاڙ هوندي آهي ۽ حرڪتي معلومات دماغ مان کڻي اچي ٿي۔ ريڙهي تنت ريڙهه جي هڏي مان هڪ سوراخ ([[مهرن جي وچ وارو سوراخ]]) ذريعي ٻاهر نڪري ٿي، جيڪو پاڙيسري مهرن جي وچ ۾ هوندو آهي۔ اهو سڀني ريڙهي تنتن لاءِ صحيح آهي، سواءِ پهرين ريڙهي تنت (C1) جي، جيڪا [[اوڪسيپيٽل هڏي]] ۽ [[ايٽلس (پهريون مهر)]] جي وچ مان نڪري ٿي۔<ref name="Saladin1">{{cite book |last1=Saladin |first1=Kenneth S. |title=Human anatomy |date=2011 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |isbn=9780071222075 |pages=382–388|edition=3rd}}</ref> ان ڪري گردني تنتن جي ڳڻپ هيٺئين مهر جي بنياد تي ڪئي ويندي آهي، سواءِ C8 جي، جيڪا C7 جي هيٺان ۽ T1 جي مٿان موجود هوندي آهي۔ ٿوريڪڪ، لمبر ۽ سيڪرَل تنتن جي ڳڻپ وري مٿئين مهر جي بنياد تي ٿيندي آهي۔ جيڪڏهن [[لمبر مهرن جي تبديلي|لمبرائزد]] S1 مهر (جنهن کي L6 پڻ چيو وڃي ٿو) يا [[لمبر مهرن جي تبديلي|سيڪرَلائزد]] L5 مهر هجي، تڏهن به عام طور تي تنتن جي ڳڻپ L5 تائين ڪئي ويندي آهي ۽ ايندڙ تنت S1 هوندي آهي۔ [[File:Gray799.svg|thumb|right|300px|عام ريڙهي تنت جي بناوٽ جو خاڪو<br />1. [[عام جسمي حرڪتي ريشا|جسمي حرڪتي]].<br />2. [[عام جسمي حسي ريشا|جسمي حسي]].<br />3,4,5. [[عام اندرين عضون جا حرڪتي ريشا|سمپٿٽڪ حرڪتي]].<br />6,7. [[عام اندرين عضون جا حسي ريشا|خودڪار حسي]].]] ريڙهي ستون کان ٻاهر نڪرڻ کان پوءِ، تنت شاخن ۾ ورهائجي وڃي ٿي۔ [[ريڙهي تنت جي پٺي شاخ|پٺي شاخ]] ۾ اهي تنت شامل هونديون آهن جيڪي ڌڙ جي پٺين حصن کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون ۽ چمڙي ۽ پٺي جي ڏورن تائين حسي ۽ حرڪتي معلومات پهچائين ٿيون ([[ايپي ايڪسيل ڏورا]])۔ [[ريڙهي تنت جي اڳي شاخ|اڳي شاخ]] ڌڙ جي اڳين حصن ۽ مٿين ۽ هيٺين عضون کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي ([[هائيپي ايڪسيل ڏورا]]) ۽ جسم جي اڳيان ۽ پاسن وارن حصن، جسماني ڀتين ۽ عضون تائين حسي ۽ حرڪتي معلومات کڻي وڃي ٿي۔ [[ريڙهي تنت جي ميننجيل شاخون|ميننجيل شاخون]] (واپس ايندڙ ميننجيل يا سائنُوورٽيبرل تنتون) ريڙهي تنت مان نڪري وري مهرن جي وچ واري سوراخ ۾ داخل ٿين ٿيون ۽ لِگامينٽ، ڊُورا، رت جون نليون، مهرن جي وچ وارا ڊسڪ، جوڙ ۽ هڏن جي ٻاهرئين پرت کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ [[رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس]] ۾ خودڪار تنتون شامل هونديون آهن، جيڪي اندرين عضون تائين حرڪتي ۽ حسي سگنل پهچائين ٿيون۔ ڪجهه اڳيون شاخون هڪ ٻئي سان ملي ڪري [[تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿيون، جيڪو پاڻ ۾ ڳنڍيل تنتن جو هڪ جال هوندو آهي۔ اهڙي ڄار مان نڪرندڙ تنتن ۾ مختلف ريڙهي تنتن جا ريشا گڏجي هڪ هنڌ تائين پهچن ٿا۔ اهم [[ريڙهي تنتي ڄار]] آهن: [[گردني تنتي ڄار]]، [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]]، [[لمبر تنتي ڄار]]، [[سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ۽ ننڍو [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتي ڄار]]۔<ref name="Saladin1" /> == علائقائي تنتون == {{Further |Spinal cord#Spinal cord segments}} === گردني تنتون === [[File:Gray795.png|thumb|گردني تنتون]] '''گردني تنتون''' اهي ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي ريڙهه جي هڏي جي [[گردني ڀاڱو]] مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ جيتوڻيڪ گردني مهرون ست آهن (C1–C7)، پر گردني تنتون اٺ آهن [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 1|C1]]–[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 8|C8]]۔ C1–C7 پنهنجي لاڳاپيل مهرن جي مٿان نڪرنديون آهن، جڏهن ته C8، C7 جي هيٺان نڪري ٿي۔ باقي سڀني حصن ۾ تنت پنهنجي نالي واري مهر جي هيٺان نڪري ٿي۔ پٺئين ورڇ ۾ [[سب آڪسيپيٽل تنت]] (C1)، [[گريٽر آڪسيپيٽل تنت]] (C2) ۽ [[ٽيون آڪسيپيٽل تنت]] (C3) شامل آهن۔ اڳئين ورڇ ۾ [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] (C1–C4) ۽ [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]] (C5–T1) شامل آهن۔ گردني تنتون [[اسٽرنو هائيوئڊ ڏورو|اسٽرنو هائيوئڊ]]، [[اسٽرنوٿائيروئڊ ڏورو|اسٽرنوٿائيروئڊ]] ۽ [[او موهائيوئڊ ڏورو|او موهائيوئڊ]] ڏورن کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ تنتن جو هڪ لوپ جنهن کي [[انسا سرويائڪلس]] چيو وڃي ٿو، گردني تنتي ڄار جو حصو آهي۔ === ٿوريڪڪ تنتون === ٿوريڪڪ تنتون اهي ٻارهن ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي ٿوريڪڪ مهرن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هر تنت T1–T12 پنهنجي لاڳاپيل مهر جي هيٺان نڪري ٿي۔ انهن جون شاخون ريڙهه مان نڪري سڌو [[پيرا ورٽيبرل گينگليا]] ڏانهن وڃن ٿيون، جتي اهي [[خودڪار تنتي نظام]] سان لاڳاپيل عضون ۽ غدودن جي ڪم ۾ حصو وٺن ٿيون۔ ==== اڳيون ورهاست ==== [[انٽرڪوسٽل تنتون]] T1–T11 مان نڪريون ٿيون ۽ پسليوں جي وچ ۾ هلن ٿيون۔ T2 ۽ T3 تي اضافي شاخون ٺهي [[انٽرڪوسٽو براڪيئل تنت]] ٺاهين ٿيون۔ [[سب ڪوسٽل تنت]] T12 مان نڪري ٿي ۽ ٻارهين پسلي جي هيٺان هلندي آهي۔ ==== پٺيون ورهاست ==== مٿين ڇهن ٿوريڪڪ تنتن جون وچيون شاخون [[سيميسپائينيلس ڊورسي]] ۽ [[ملٽيفيڊس]] جي وچ مان گذري انهن کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون، پوءِ [[رومبوئڊ ڏورو|رومبوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو|ٽريپيزيوس]] کي پار ڪري چمڙي تائين پهچن ٿيون۔ هن حساس شاخ کي وچين جلدي شاخ چيو وڃي ٿو۔ هيٺين ڇهن تنتن جون وچيون شاخون خاص طور تي [[ملٽيفيڊس]] ۽ [[لانگيسمس ڊورسي]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون، ۽ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن چمڙي ڏانهن به ننڍيون شاخون ڏين ٿيون۔ هن کي پٺي واري جلدي شاخ چيو وڃي ٿو۔ === لمبر تنتون === [[File:Gray823.png|thumb|لمبر تنتي ڄار ۽ شاخون]] [[لمبر تنتون]] اهي پنج ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي لمبر مهرن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ اهي پٺين ۽ اڳين ورهاستن ۾ ورهايل آهن۔ ==== پٺيون ورهاست ==== پٺين ورهاستن جون وچيون شاخون مهرن جي جوڙن جي ويجهو هلن ٿيون ۽ [[ملٽيفيڊس ڏورو]] ۾ ختم ٿين ٿيون۔ پاسي واريون شاخون [[ايريڪٽر اسپائناي ڏورا]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ مٿين ٽن تنتن مان جلدي شاخون نڪرنديون آهن جيڪي [[ليٽيسيمس ڊورسي]] جي اپونوروسس کي پار ڪري [[ايليئڪ ڪرسٽ]] کان ٿينديون [[نٽ]] جي چمڙي تائين پهچن ٿيون، ۽ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن [[گريٽر ٽروڪنٽر]] تائين وڃن ٿيون۔ ==== اڳيون ورهاست ==== لمبر تنتن جون اڳيون شاخون مٿان کان هيٺان وڌنديون وڃن ٿيون۔ اهي [[سمپٿٽڪ ٽرنڪ]] جي [[لمبر گينگليا]] مان ايندڙ [[گري رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس]] سان ڳنڍجن ٿيون۔ پهرين ۽ ٻئي (۽ ڪڏهن ٽئين ۽ چوٿين) لمبر تنتون [[وائيٽ رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس]] ذريعي پڻ ڳنڍيل هونديون آهن۔ اهي تنتون [[پسواس ميجر]] جي پٺيان يا ان جي وچ مان گذرن ٿيون ۽ [[ڪواڊريٽس لمبورم]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ پهرين ٽن ۽ چوٿين جي وڏي حصي مان [[لمبر تنتي ڄار]] ٺهي ٿو۔ چوٿين جو ننڍو حصو پنجين سان ملي [[لمبو سيڪرَل ٽرنڪ]] ٺاهي ٿو، جيڪو [[سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ۾ حصو وٺي ٿو۔ چوٿين تنت کي [[فرڪل تنت]] چيو وڃي ٿو۔ === سيڪرَل تنتون === [[File: Gray828.png|thumb|سيڪرَل ۽ پيوڊينڊل تنتي ڄار جو خاڪو]] '''سيڪرَل تنتون''' پنج جوڙا ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي [[سيڪرم]] مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ انهن جون پاڙون ريڙهه جي هڏي ۾ [[L1 مهر]] جي سطح کان شروع ٿين ٿيون، جتان [[ڪوڊا ايڪائنا]] شروع ٿئي ٿي، ۽ پوءِ هيٺ سيڪرم ۾ داخل ٿين ٿيون۔ هر تنت ٻن حصن مان نڪري ٿي: * هڪ [[اڳيان سيڪرَل سوراخ]] مان * هڪ [[پٺيان سيڪرَل سوراخ]] مان اهي تنتون هڪ ٻئي سان ملي [[سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ۽ [[لمبو سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿيون، جيڪي [[چيلهه]]، [[ران]]، [[ٽنگ]] ۽ [[پير]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ سيڪرَل تنتن ۾ [[حسي ايندڙ تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي ويندڙ تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي]] ٻئي شامل آهن، تنهن ڪري اهي هيٺين عضون جي حس ۽ حرڪت لاءِ ذميوار آهن۔ S2، S3 ۽ S4 مان [[پيوڊينڊل تنت]] ۽ پيراسمپٿٽڪ ريشا نڪرندا آهن، جيڪي [[هيٺ لهندڙ قولون]]، [[ريڪٽم]]، [[پيشاب جي ٿيلهہ]] ۽ [[تناسلي عضوا]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿا۔ === ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتون === ٻنهي پاسن واريون '''ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتون''' (Co) ريڙهي تنتن جو 31هون جوڙو آهن۔ اهي ڪنَس ميڊوليرس مان نڪرنديون آهن ۽ انهن جي اڳي شاخ [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهڻ ۾ حصو وٺي ٿي۔ اهي وچين ۽ پاسي واري شاخن ۾ ورهائجن ٿيون نه، پر انهن جا ريشا [[ڪوڪڪس هڏي]] جي پٺيان ۽ مٿاڇري واري چمڙي تائين [[اينوڪوڪسيجيئل تنت]] ذريعي پهچن ٿا۔ tnqcrkb6phli244gzr8eom0k9vw08w5 373305 373304 2026-04-24T20:59:47Z Intisar Ali 8681 373305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|اهڙي تنت جيڪا ريڙهه جي هڏي ۽ جسم جي وچ ۾ سگنلن کي منتقل ڪري ٿي}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = ريڙهي تنت | Latin = nervus spinalis | Image = spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ريڙهي تنت جي ٺهڻ پٺين ۽ اڳين پاڙن مان | Image2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''ريڙهي تنت''' هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] آهي، جيڪا [[حرڪتي نيورون|حرڪتي]]، [[حسي نيورون|حسي]] ۽ [[خودڪار تنتي نظام|خودڪار]] سگنلن کي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] ۽ جسم جي وچ ۾ منتقل ڪري ٿي۔ انسان جي جسم ۾ ريڙهي [[تنت]]ن جا 31 جوڙا هوندا آهن، جيڪي [[ريڙهي ستون]] جي ٻنهي پاسن تي هڪ هڪ موجود هوندا آهن۔<ref name="Kaiser">{{cite book |last1=Kaiser |first1=JT |last2=Lugo-Pico |first2=JG |title=Neuroanatomy, Spinal Nerves. |date=January 2024 |pmid=31194375}}</ref><ref name="AANS">{{cite web |title=A Neurosurgeon’s Overview of the Anatomy of the Spine and Peripheral Nervous System |url=https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Anatomy-of-the-Spine-and-Peripheral-Nervous-System |website=www.aans.org |access-date=21 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> اهي تنتون ريڙهه جي مختلف حصن موجب ورهايل آهن: [[گردني مهرن|گردني]]، [[ٿوريڪڪ مهرن|ٿوريڪڪ]]، [[لمبر مهرن|لمبر]]، [[سيڪرَل مهرن|سيڪرَل]] ۽ [[ڪوڪسيجيئل مهرن|ڪوڪسيجيئل]] علائقا۔<ref name="Kaiser"/> انهن ۾ اٺ جوڙا '''گردني تنتن''' جا، ٻارهن جوڙا '''ٿوريڪڪ تنتن''' جا، پنج جوڙا '''لمبر تنتن''' جا، پنج جوڙا '''سيڪرَل تنتن''' جا، ۽ هڪ جوڙو '''ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتن''' جو هوندو آهي۔ ريڙهي تنتون [[پيريفيرل تنتي نظام]] جو حصو آهن۔<ref name="Kaiser" /> == بناوٽ == [[File:Gray675.png|thumb|left|240px|ريڙهي تنت]] [[File:Cervical vertebra english.png|thumb|240px|عام ريڙهي تنت جو هنڌ]] هر '''ريڙهي تنت''' هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] هوندي آهي، جيڪا [[تنتي پاڙ]]ن جي [[ايڪسون|ريشن]] مان ٺهندي آهي، جيڪي ان جي [[ريڙهي تنت جي پٺي پاڙ|پٺين]] ۽ [[ريڙهي تنت جي اڳين پاڙ|اڳين پاڙن]] مان گڏ ٿين ٿا۔ پٺي پاڙ [[حسي ايندڙ تنتي ريشا|حسي ايندڙ]] پاڙ هوندي آهي ۽ حسي معلومات دماغ ڏانهن کڻي وڃي ٿي۔ اڳي پاڙ [[حرڪتي ويندڙ تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي ويندڙ]] پاڙ هوندي آهي ۽ حرڪتي معلومات دماغ مان کڻي اچي ٿي۔ ريڙهي تنت ريڙهه جي هڏي مان هڪ سوراخ ([[مهرن جي وچ وارو سوراخ]]) ذريعي ٻاهر نڪري ٿي، جيڪو پاڙيسري مهرن جي وچ ۾ هوندو آهي۔ اهو سڀني ريڙهي تنتن لاءِ صحيح آهي، سواءِ پهرين ريڙهي تنت (C1) جي، جيڪا [[اوڪسيپيٽل هڏي]] ۽ [[ايٽلس (پهريون مهر)]] جي وچ مان نڪري ٿي۔<ref name="Saladin1">{{cite book |last1=Saladin |first1=Kenneth S. |title=Human anatomy |date=2011 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |isbn=9780071222075 |pages=382–388|edition=3rd}}</ref> ان ڪري گردني تنتن جي ڳڻپ هيٺئين مهر جي بنياد تي ڪئي ويندي آهي، سواءِ C8 جي، جيڪا C7 جي هيٺان ۽ T1 جي مٿان موجود هوندي آهي۔ ٿوريڪڪ، لمبر ۽ سيڪرَل تنتن جي ڳڻپ وري مٿئين مهر جي بنياد تي ٿيندي آهي۔ جيڪڏهن [[لمبر مهرن جي تبديلي|لمبرائزد]] S1 مهر (جنهن کي L6 پڻ چيو وڃي ٿو) يا [[لمبر مهرن جي تبديلي|سيڪرَلائزد]] L5 مهر هجي، تڏهن به عام طور تي تنتن جي ڳڻپ L5 تائين ڪئي ويندي آهي ۽ ايندڙ تنت S1 هوندي آهي۔ [[File:Gray799.svg|thumb|right|300px|عام ريڙهي تنت جي بناوٽ جو خاڪو<br />1. [[عام جسمي حرڪتي ريشا|جسمي حرڪتي]].<br />2. [[عام جسمي حسي ريشا|جسمي حسي]].<br />3,4,5. [[عام اندرين عضون جا حرڪتي ريشا|سمپٿٽڪ حرڪتي]].<br />6,7. [[عام اندرين عضون جا حسي ريشا|خودڪار حسي]].]] ريڙهي ستون کان ٻاهر نڪرڻ کان پوءِ، تنت شاخن ۾ ورهائجي وڃي ٿي۔ [[ريڙهي تنت جي پٺي شاخ|پٺي شاخ]] ۾ اهي تنت شامل هونديون آهن جيڪي ڌڙ جي پٺين حصن کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون ۽ چمڙي ۽ پٺي جي ڏورن تائين حسي ۽ حرڪتي معلومات پهچائين ٿيون ([[ايپي ايڪسيل ڏورا]])۔ [[ريڙهي تنت جي اڳي شاخ|اڳي شاخ]] ڌڙ جي اڳين حصن ۽ مٿين ۽ هيٺين عضون کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي ([[هائيپي ايڪسيل ڏورا]]) ۽ جسم جي اڳيان ۽ پاسن وارن حصن، جسماني ڀتين ۽ عضون تائين حسي ۽ حرڪتي معلومات کڻي وڃي ٿي۔ [[ريڙهي تنت جي ميننجيل شاخون|ميننجيل شاخون]] (واپس ايندڙ ميننجيل يا سائنُوورٽيبرل تنتون) ريڙهي تنت مان نڪري وري مهرن جي وچ واري سوراخ ۾ داخل ٿين ٿيون ۽ لِگامينٽ، ڊُورا، رت جون نليون، مهرن جي وچ وارا ڊسڪ، جوڙ ۽ هڏن جي ٻاهرئين پرت کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ [[رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس]] ۾ خودڪار تنتون شامل هونديون آهن، جيڪي اندرين عضون تائين حرڪتي ۽ حسي سگنل پهچائين ٿيون۔ ڪجهه اڳيون شاخون هڪ ٻئي سان ملي ڪري [[تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿيون، جيڪو پاڻ ۾ ڳنڍيل تنتن جو هڪ جال هوندو آهي۔ اهڙي ڄار مان نڪرندڙ تنتن ۾ مختلف ريڙهي تنتن جا ريشا گڏجي هڪ هنڌ تائين پهچن ٿا۔ اهم [[ريڙهي تنتي ڄار]] آهن: [[گردني تنتي ڄار]]، [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]]، [[لمبر تنتي ڄار]]، [[سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ۽ ننڍو [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتي ڄار]]۔<ref name="Saladin1" /> == مختلف ھنڌن واريون تنتون == {{Further |Spinal cord#Spinal cord segments}} === گردني تنتون === [[File:Gray795.png|thumb|گردني تنتون]] '''گردني تنتون''' اهي ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي ريڙهه جي هڏي جي [[گردني ڀاڱو]] مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ جيتوڻيڪ گردني مهرون ست آهن (C1–C7)، پر گردني تنتون اٺ آهن [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 1|C1]]–[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 8|C8]]۔ C1–C7 پنهنجي لاڳاپيل مهرن جي مٿان نڪرنديون آهن، جڏهن ته C8، C7 جي هيٺان نڪري ٿي۔ باقي سڀني حصن ۾ تنت پنهنجي نالي واري مهر جي هيٺان نڪري ٿي۔ پٺئين ورڇ ۾ [[سب آڪسيپيٽل تنت]] (C1)، [[گريٽر آڪسيپيٽل تنت]] (C2) ۽ [[ٽيون آڪسيپيٽل تنت]] (C3) شامل آهن۔ اڳئين ورڇ ۾ [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] (C1–C4) ۽ [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]] (C5–T1) شامل آهن۔ گردني تنتون [[اسٽرنو هائيوئڊ ڏورو|اسٽرنو هائيوئڊ]]، [[اسٽرنوٿائيروئڊ ڏورو|اسٽرنوٿائيروئڊ]] ۽ [[او موهائيوئڊ ڏورو|او موهائيوئڊ]] ڏورن کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ تنتن جو هڪ لوپ جنهن کي [[انسا سرويائڪلس]] چيو وڃي ٿو، گردني تنتي ڄار جو حصو آهي۔ === ٿوريڪڪ تنتون === ٿوريڪڪ تنتون اهي ٻارهن ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي ٿوريڪڪ مهرن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هر تنت T1–T12 پنهنجي لاڳاپيل مهر جي هيٺان نڪري ٿي۔ انهن جون شاخون ريڙهه مان نڪري سڌو [[پيرا ورٽيبرل گينگليا]] ڏانهن وڃن ٿيون، جتي اهي [[خودڪار تنتي نظام]] سان لاڳاپيل عضون ۽ غدودن جي ڪم ۾ حصو وٺن ٿيون۔ ==== اڳيون ورهاست ==== [[انٽرڪوسٽل تنتون]] T1–T11 مان نڪريون ٿيون ۽ پسليوں جي وچ ۾ هلن ٿيون۔ T2 ۽ T3 تي اضافي شاخون ٺهي [[انٽرڪوسٽو براڪيئل تنت]] ٺاهين ٿيون۔ [[سب ڪوسٽل تنت]] T12 مان نڪري ٿي ۽ ٻارهين پسلي جي هيٺان هلندي آهي۔ ==== پٺيون ورهاست ==== مٿين ڇهن ٿوريڪڪ تنتن جون وچيون شاخون [[سيميسپائينيلس ڊورسي]] ۽ [[ملٽيفيڊس]] جي وچ مان گذري انهن کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون، پوءِ [[رومبوئڊ ڏورو|رومبوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو|ٽريپيزيوس]] کي پار ڪري چمڙي تائين پهچن ٿيون۔ هن حساس شاخ کي وچين جلدي شاخ چيو وڃي ٿو۔ هيٺين ڇهن تنتن جون وچيون شاخون خاص طور تي [[ملٽيفيڊس]] ۽ [[لانگيسمس ڊورسي]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون، ۽ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن چمڙي ڏانهن به ننڍيون شاخون ڏين ٿيون۔ هن کي پٺي واري جلدي شاخ چيو وڃي ٿو۔ === لمبر تنتون === [[File:Gray823.png|thumb|لمبر تنتي ڄار ۽ شاخون]] [[لمبر تنتون]] اهي پنج ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي لمبر مهرن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ اهي پٺين ۽ اڳين ورهاستن ۾ ورهايل آهن۔ ==== پٺيون ورهاست ==== پٺين ورهاستن جون وچيون شاخون مهرن جي جوڙن جي ويجهو هلن ٿيون ۽ [[ملٽيفيڊس ڏورو]] ۾ ختم ٿين ٿيون۔ پاسي واريون شاخون [[ايريڪٽر اسپائناي ڏورا]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ مٿين ٽن تنتن مان جلدي شاخون نڪرنديون آهن جيڪي [[ليٽيسيمس ڊورسي]] جي اپونوروسس کي پار ڪري [[ايليئڪ ڪرسٽ]] کان ٿينديون [[نٽ]] جي چمڙي تائين پهچن ٿيون، ۽ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن [[گريٽر ٽروڪنٽر]] تائين وڃن ٿيون۔ ==== اڳيون ورهاست ==== لمبر تنتن جون اڳيون شاخون مٿان کان هيٺان وڌنديون وڃن ٿيون۔ اهي [[سمپٿٽڪ ٽرنڪ]] جي [[لمبر گينگليا]] مان ايندڙ [[گري رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس]] سان ڳنڍجن ٿيون۔ پهرين ۽ ٻئي (۽ ڪڏهن ٽئين ۽ چوٿين) لمبر تنتون [[وائيٽ رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس]] ذريعي پڻ ڳنڍيل هونديون آهن۔ اهي تنتون [[پسواس ميجر]] جي پٺيان يا ان جي وچ مان گذرن ٿيون ۽ [[ڪواڊريٽس لمبورم]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ پهرين ٽن ۽ چوٿين جي وڏي حصي مان [[لمبر تنتي ڄار]] ٺهي ٿو۔ چوٿين جو ننڍو حصو پنجين سان ملي [[لمبو سيڪرَل ٽرنڪ]] ٺاهي ٿو، جيڪو [[سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ۾ حصو وٺي ٿو۔ چوٿين تنت کي [[فرڪل تنت]] چيو وڃي ٿو۔ === سيڪرَل تنتون === [[File: Gray828.png|thumb|سيڪرَل ۽ پيوڊينڊل تنتي ڄار جو خاڪو]] '''سيڪرَل تنتون''' پنج جوڙا ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي [[سيڪرم]] مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ انهن جون پاڙون ريڙهه جي هڏي ۾ [[L1 مهر]] جي سطح کان شروع ٿين ٿيون، جتان [[ڪوڊا ايڪائنا]] شروع ٿئي ٿي، ۽ پوءِ هيٺ سيڪرم ۾ داخل ٿين ٿيون۔ هر تنت ٻن حصن مان نڪري ٿي: * هڪ [[اڳيان سيڪرَل سوراخ]] مان * هڪ [[پٺيان سيڪرَل سوراخ]] مان اهي تنتون هڪ ٻئي سان ملي [[سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ۽ [[لمبو سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿيون، جيڪي [[چيلهه]]، [[ران]]، [[ٽنگ]] ۽ [[پير]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ سيڪرَل تنتن ۾ [[حسي ايندڙ تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي ويندڙ تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي]] ٻئي شامل آهن، تنهن ڪري اهي هيٺين عضون جي حس ۽ حرڪت لاءِ ذميوار آهن۔ S2، S3 ۽ S4 مان [[پيوڊينڊل تنت]] ۽ پيراسمپٿٽڪ ريشا نڪرندا آهن، جيڪي [[هيٺ لهندڙ قولون]]، [[ريڪٽم]]، [[پيشاب جي ٿيلهہ]] ۽ [[تناسلي عضوا]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿا۔ === ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتون === ٻنهي پاسن واريون '''ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتون''' (Co) ريڙهي تنتن جو 31هون جوڙو آهن۔ اهي ڪنَس ميڊوليرس مان نڪرنديون آهن ۽ انهن جي اڳي شاخ [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهڻ ۾ حصو وٺي ٿي۔ اهي وچين ۽ پاسي واري شاخن ۾ ورهائجن ٿيون نه، پر انهن جا ريشا [[ڪوڪڪس هڏي]] جي پٺيان ۽ مٿاڇري واري چمڙي تائين [[اينوڪوڪسيجيئل تنت]] ذريعي پهچن ٿا۔ 14qbr49gf955mng4o6mfojw6zcrq388 373306 373305 2026-04-24T21:05:18Z Intisar Ali 8681 373306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|اهڙي تنت جيڪا ريڙهه جي هڏي ۽ جسم جي وچ ۾ سگنلن کي منتقل ڪري ٿي}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = ريڙهي تنت | Latin = nervus spinalis | Image = spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ريڙهي تنت جي ٺهڻ پٺين ۽ اڳين پاڙن مان | Image2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''ريڙهي تنت''' هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] آهي، جيڪا [[حرڪتي نيورون|حرڪتي]]، [[حسي نيورون|حسي]] ۽ [[خودڪار تنتي نظام|خودڪار]] سگنلن کي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] ۽ جسم جي وچ ۾ منتقل ڪري ٿي۔ انسان جي جسم ۾ ريڙهي [[تنت]]ن جا 31 جوڙا هوندا آهن، جيڪي [[ريڙهي ستون]] جي ٻنهي پاسن تي هڪ هڪ موجود هوندا آهن۔<ref name="Kaiser">{{cite book |last1=Kaiser |first1=JT |last2=Lugo-Pico |first2=JG |title=Neuroanatomy, Spinal Nerves. |date=January 2024 |pmid=31194375}}</ref><ref name="AANS">{{cite web |title=A Neurosurgeon’s Overview of the Anatomy of the Spine and Peripheral Nervous System |url=https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Anatomy-of-the-Spine-and-Peripheral-Nervous-System |website=www.aans.org |access-date=21 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> اهي تنتون ريڙهه جي مختلف حصن موجب ورهايل آهن: [[گردني مهرن|گردني]]، [[ٿوريڪڪ مهرن|ٿوريڪڪ]]، [[لمبر مهرن|لمبر]]، [[سيڪرَل مهرن|سيڪرَل]] ۽ [[ڪوڪسيجيئل مهرن|ڪوڪسيجيئل]] علائقا۔<ref name="Kaiser"/> انهن ۾ اٺ جوڙا '''گردني تنتن''' جا، ٻارهن جوڙا '''ٿوريڪڪ تنتن''' جا، پنج جوڙا '''لمبر تنتن''' جا، پنج جوڙا '''سيڪرَل تنتن''' جا، ۽ هڪ جوڙو '''ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتن''' جو هوندو آهي۔ ريڙهي تنتون [[پيريفيرل تنتي نظام]] جو حصو آهن۔<ref name="Kaiser" /> == بناوٽ == [[File:Gray675.png|thumb|left|240px|ريڙهي تنت]] [[File:Cervical vertebra english.png|thumb|240px|عام ريڙهي تنت جو هنڌ]] هر '''ريڙهي تنت''' هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] هوندي آهي، جيڪا [[تنتي پاڙ]]ن جي [[ايڪسون|ريشن]] مان ٺهندي آهي، جيڪي ان جي [[ريڙهي تنت جي پٺي پاڙ|پٺين]] ۽ [[ريڙهي تنت جي اڳين پاڙ|اڳين پاڙن]] مان گڏ ٿين ٿا۔ پٺي پاڙ [[حسي ايندڙ تنتي ريشا|حسي ايندڙ]] پاڙ هوندي آهي ۽ حسي معلومات دماغ ڏانهن کڻي وڃي ٿي۔ اڳي پاڙ [[حرڪتي ويندڙ تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي ويندڙ]] پاڙ هوندي آهي ۽ حرڪتي معلومات دماغ مان کڻي اچي ٿي۔ ريڙهي تنت ريڙهه جي هڏي مان هڪ سوراخ ([[مهرن جي وچ وارو سوراخ]]) ذريعي ٻاهر نڪري ٿي، جيڪو پاڙيسري مهرن جي وچ ۾ هوندو آهي۔ اهو سڀني ريڙهي تنتن لاءِ صحيح آهي، سواءِ پهرين ريڙهي تنت (C1) جي، جيڪا [[اوڪسيپيٽل هڏي]] ۽ [[ايٽلس (پهريون مهر)]] جي وچ مان نڪري ٿي۔<ref name="Saladin1">{{cite book |last1=Saladin |first1=Kenneth S. |title=Human anatomy |date=2011 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |isbn=9780071222075 |pages=382–388|edition=3rd}}</ref> ان ڪري گردني تنتن جي ڳڻپ هيٺئين مهر جي بنياد تي ڪئي ويندي آهي، سواءِ C8 جي، جيڪا C7 جي هيٺان ۽ T1 جي مٿان موجود هوندي آهي۔ ٿوريڪڪ، لمبر ۽ سيڪرَل تنتن جي ڳڻپ وري مٿئين مهر جي بنياد تي ٿيندي آهي۔ جيڪڏهن [[لمبر مهرن جي تبديلي|لمبرائزد]] S1 مهر (جنهن کي L6 پڻ چيو وڃي ٿو) يا [[لمبر مهرن جي تبديلي|سيڪرَلائزد]] L5 مهر هجي، تڏهن به عام طور تي تنتن جي ڳڻپ L5 تائين ڪئي ويندي آهي ۽ ايندڙ تنت S1 هوندي آهي۔ [[File:Gray799.svg|thumb|right|300px|عام ريڙهي تنت جي بناوٽ جو خاڪو<br />1. [[عام جسمي حرڪتي ريشا|جسمي حرڪتي]].<br />2. [[عام جسمي حسي ريشا|جسمي حسي]].<br />3,4,5. [[عام اندرين عضون جا حرڪتي ريشا|سمپٿٽڪ حرڪتي]].<br />6,7. [[عام اندرين عضون جا حسي ريشا|خودڪار حسي]].]] ريڙهي ستون کان ٻاهر نڪرڻ کان پوءِ، تنت شاخن ۾ ورهائجي وڃي ٿي۔ [[ريڙهي تنت جي پٺي شاخ|پٺي شاخ]] ۾ اهي تنت شامل هونديون آهن جيڪي ڌڙ جي پٺين حصن کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون ۽ چمڙي ۽ پٺي جي ڏورن تائين حسي ۽ حرڪتي معلومات پهچائين ٿيون ([[ايپي ايڪسيل ڏورا]])۔ [[ريڙهي تنت جي اڳي شاخ|اڳي شاخ]] ڌڙ جي اڳين حصن ۽ مٿين ۽ هيٺين عضون کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي ([[هائيپي ايڪسيل ڏورا]]) ۽ جسم جي اڳيان ۽ پاسن وارن حصن، جسماني ڀتين ۽ عضون تائين حسي ۽ حرڪتي معلومات کڻي وڃي ٿي۔ [[ريڙهي تنت جي ميننجيل شاخون|ميننجيل شاخون]] (واپس ايندڙ ميننجيل يا سائنُوورٽيبرل تنتون) ريڙهي تنت مان نڪري وري مهرن جي وچ واري سوراخ ۾ داخل ٿين ٿيون ۽ لِگامينٽ، ڊُورا، رت جون نليون، مهرن جي وچ وارا ڊسڪ، جوڙ ۽ هڏن جي ٻاهرئين پرت کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ [[رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس]] ۾ خودڪار تنتون شامل هونديون آهن، جيڪي اندرين عضون تائين حرڪتي ۽ حسي سگنل پهچائين ٿيون۔ ڪجهه اڳيون شاخون هڪ ٻئي سان ملي ڪري [[تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿيون، جيڪو پاڻ ۾ ڳنڍيل تنتن جو هڪ جال هوندو آهي۔ اهڙي ڄار مان نڪرندڙ تنتن ۾ مختلف ريڙهي تنتن جا ريشا گڏجي هڪ هنڌ تائين پهچن ٿا۔ اهم [[ريڙهي تنتي ڄار]] آهن: [[گردني تنتي ڄار]]، [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]]، [[لمبر تنتي ڄار]]، [[سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ۽ ننڍو [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتي ڄار]]۔<ref name="Saladin1" /> == مختلف ھنڌن واريون تنتون == {{Further |Spinal cord#Spinal cord segments}} === گردني تنتون === [[File:Gray795.png|thumb|گردني تنتون]] '''گردني تنتون''' اهي ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي ريڙهه جي هڏي جي [[گردني ڀاڱو]] مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ جيتوڻيڪ گردني مهرون ست آهن (C1–C7)، پر گردني تنتون اٺ آهن [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 1|C1]]–[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 8|C8]]۔ C1–C7 پنهنجي لاڳاپيل مهرن جي مٿان نڪرنديون آهن، جڏهن ته C8، C7 جي هيٺان نڪري ٿي۔ باقي سڀني حصن ۾ تنت پنهنجي نالي واري مهر جي هيٺان نڪري ٿي۔ پٺئين ورڇ ۾ [[سب آڪسيپيٽل تنت]] (C1)، [[گريٽر آڪسيپيٽل تنت]] (C2) ۽ [[ٽيون آڪسيپيٽل تنت]] (C3) شامل آهن۔ اڳئين ورڇ ۾ [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] (C1–C4) ۽ [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]] (C5–T1) شامل آهن۔ گردني تنتون [[اسٽرنو هائيوئڊ ڏورو|اسٽرنو هائيوئڊ]]، [[اسٽرنوٿائيروئڊ ڏورو|اسٽرنوٿائيروئڊ]] ۽ [[او موهائيوئڊ ڏورو|او موهائيوئڊ]] ڏورن کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ تنتن جو هڪ لوپ جنهن کي [[انسا سرويائڪلس]] چيو وڃي ٿو، گردني تنتي ڄار جو حصو آهي۔ === ٿوريڪڪ تنتون === ٿوريڪڪ تنتون اهي ٻارهن ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي ٿوريڪڪ مهرن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هر تنت T1–T12 پنهنجي لاڳاپيل مهر جي هيٺان نڪري ٿي۔ انهن جون شاخون ريڙهه مان نڪري سڌو [[پيرا ورٽيبرل گينگليا]] ڏانهن وڃن ٿيون، جتي اهي [[خودڪار تنتي نظام]] سان لاڳاپيل عضون ۽ غدودن جي ڪم ۾ حصو وٺن ٿيون۔ ==== اڳيون ورهاست ==== [[انٽرڪوسٽل تنتون]] T1–T11 مان نڪريون ٿيون ۽ پسليوں جي وچ ۾ هلن ٿيون۔ T2 ۽ T3 تي اضافي شاخون ٺهي [[انٽرڪوسٽو براڪيئل تنت]] ٺاهين ٿيون۔ [[سب ڪوسٽل تنت]] T12 مان نڪري ٿي ۽ ٻارهين پسلي جي هيٺان هلندي آهي۔ ==== پٺيون ورهاست ==== مٿين ڇهن ٿوريڪڪ تنتن جون وچيون شاخون [[سيميسپائينيلس ڊورسي]] ۽ [[ملٽيفيڊس]] جي وچ مان گذري انهن کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون، پوءِ [[رومبوئڊ ڏورو|رومبوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو|ٽريپيزيوس]] کي پار ڪري چمڙي تائين پهچن ٿيون۔ هن حساس شاخ کي وچين جلدي شاخ چيو وڃي ٿو۔ هيٺين ڇهن تنتن جون وچيون شاخون خاص طور تي [[ملٽيفيڊس]] ۽ [[لانگيسمس ڊورسي]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون، ۽ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن چمڙي ڏانهن به ننڍيون شاخون ڏين ٿيون۔ هن کي پٺي واري جلدي شاخ چيو وڃي ٿو۔ === لمبر تنتون === [[File:Gray823.png|thumb|لمبر تنتي ڄار ۽ شاخون]] [[لمبر تنتون]] اهي پنج ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي لمبر مهرن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ اهي پٺين ۽ اڳين ورهاستن ۾ ورهايل آهن۔ ==== پٺيون ورهاست ==== پٺين ورهاستن جون وچيون شاخون مهرن جي جوڙن جي ويجهو هلن ٿيون ۽ [[ملٽيفيڊس ڏورو]] ۾ ختم ٿين ٿيون۔ پاسي واريون شاخون [[ايريڪٽر اسپائناي ڏورا]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ مٿين ٽن تنتن مان جلدي شاخون نڪرنديون آهن جيڪي [[ليٽيسيمس ڊورسي]] جي اپونوروسس کي پار ڪري [[ايليئڪ ڪرسٽ]] کان ٿينديون [[نٽ]] جي چمڙي تائين پهچن ٿيون، ۽ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن [[گريٽر ٽروڪنٽر]] تائين وڃن ٿيون۔ ==== اڳيون ورهاست ==== لمبر تنتن جون اڳيون شاخون مٿان کان هيٺان وڌنديون وڃن ٿيون۔ اهي [[سمپٿٽڪ ٽرنڪ]] جي [[لمبر گينگليا]] مان ايندڙ [[گري رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس]] سان ڳنڍجن ٿيون۔ پهرين ۽ ٻئي (۽ ڪڏهن ٽئين ۽ چوٿين) لمبر تنتون [[وائيٽ رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس]] ذريعي پڻ ڳنڍيل هونديون آهن۔ اهي تنتون [[پسواس ميجر]] جي پٺيان يا ان جي وچ مان گذرن ٿيون ۽ [[ڪواڊريٽس لمبورم]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ پهرين ٽن ۽ چوٿين جي وڏي حصي مان [[لمبر تنتي ڄار]] ٺهي ٿو۔ چوٿين جو ننڍو حصو پنجين سان ملي [[لمبو سيڪرَل ٽرنڪ]] ٺاهي ٿو، جيڪو [[سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ۾ حصو وٺي ٿو۔ چوٿين تنت کي [[فرڪل تنت]] چيو وڃي ٿو۔ === سيڪرَل تنتون === [[File: Gray828.png|thumb|سيڪرَل ۽ پيوڊينڊل تنتي ڄار جو خاڪو]] '''سيڪرَل تنتون''' پنج جوڙا ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي [[سيڪرم]] مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ انهن جون پاڙون ريڙهه جي هڏي ۾ [[L1 مهر]] جي سطح کان شروع ٿين ٿيون، جتان [[ڪوڊا ايڪائنا]] شروع ٿئي ٿي، ۽ پوءِ هيٺ سيڪرم ۾ داخل ٿين ٿيون۔ هر تنت ٻن حصن مان نڪري ٿي: * هڪ [[اڳيان سيڪرَل سوراخ]] مان * هڪ [[پٺيان سيڪرَل سوراخ]] مان اهي تنتون هڪ ٻئي سان ملي [[سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ۽ [[لمبو سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿيون، جيڪي [[چيلهه]]، [[ران]]، [[ٽنگ]] ۽ [[پير]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ سيڪرَل تنتن ۾ [[حسي ايندڙ تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي ويندڙ تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي]] ٻئي شامل آهن، تنهن ڪري اهي هيٺين عضون جي حس ۽ حرڪت لاءِ ذميوار آهن۔ S2، S3 ۽ S4 مان [[پيوڊينڊل تنت]] ۽ پيراسمپٿٽڪ ريشا نڪرندا آهن، جيڪي [[هيٺ لهندڙ قولون]]، [[ريڪٽم]]، [[پيشاب جي ٿيلهہ]] ۽ [[تناسلي عضوا]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿا۔ === ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتون === ٻنهي پاسن واريون '''ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتون''' (Co) ريڙهي تنتن جو 31هون جوڙو آهن۔ اهي ڪنَس ميڊوليرس مان نڪرنديون آهن ۽ انهن جي اڳي شاخ [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهڻ ۾ حصو وٺي ٿي۔ اهي وچين ۽ پاسي واري شاخن ۾ ورهائجن ٿيون نه، پر انهن جا ريشا [[ڪوڪڪس هڏي]] جي پٺيان ۽ مٿاڇري واري چمڙي تائين [[اينوڪوڪسيجيئل تنت]] ذريعي پهچن ٿا۔ == ڪم == [[File:Gray802.png|thumb|right|ريڙهي تنتن جي پٺين ورهاستن جي جلدي شاخن جي ورڇ جا علائقا۔ وچين شاخن جا علائقا ڪارا ۽ پاسي وارن جا ڳاڙها ڏيکاريل آهن]] {{Actions by spinal nerves}} {{Clear}} == ريڙهي تنتي ڄار == [[ريڙهي تنتي ڄار]] هڪ ڄار جهڙو [[تنتي ڄار]] هوندو آهي، جيڪو [[ريڙهي تنت جي اڳين شاخ|اڳين تنتي پاڙن]] مان ٺهندو آهي، جيڪي بار بار ورهائجي ۽ پاڻ ۾ [[اناسٽو موسس (مِلڻ)|ملندا]] رهن ٿا۔ صرف ٿوريڪڪ علائقو اهڙو آهي جتي ڪو ڄار موجود ناهي۔ ننڍو [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] ڳچي ۾ هوندو آهي، [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]] ڪلهي ۾، [[لمبر تنتي ڄار]] هيٺين پٺي ۾، ان جي هيٺان [[سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]]، ۽ سيڪرم ۽ [[ڪوڪڪس]] جي ويجهو تمام ننڍو [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتي ڄار]] موجود هوندو آهي۔<ref name="Saladin1"/> == طبي اهميت == ڪنهن خاص ريڙهي تنت جي پاڙ جيڪا ڏورن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي، ان کي ان تنت جو [[مائيوٽووم (اناٽامي)|مائيوٽووم]] چيو وڃي ٿو، ۽ چمڙي جا اهي علائقا جيڪي هر ريڙهي تنت کان حسي فراهمي حاصل ڪن ٿا، انهن کي [[ڊرماٽووم (اناٽامي)|ڊرماٽووم]] چيو وڃي ٿو۔ هڪ يا وڌيڪ تنتي پاڙن جي نقصان سان مخصوص عصبي خرابيون ظاهر ٿين ٿيون، جهڙوڪ [[ڏورن جي ڪمزوري]]، غيرمعمولي حس، ۽ ريفليڪس ۾ تبديليون، جن جي ذريعي بيماري جي هنڌ جي سڃاڻپ ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ڪيترائي طريقا [[سيڪرَل تنت جي تحريڪ]] ۾ استعمال ٿين ٿا، جيڪي مختلف لاڳاپيل بيمارين جي علاج لاءِ ڪيا وڃن ٿا۔ [[سائٽيڪا]] عام طور تي لمبر تنتن L4 يا L5، يا سيڪرَل تنتن S1، S2 يا S3 جي دٻاءَ سبب ٿيندي آهي، يا سڌو [[سائياٽڪ تنت]] جي دٻجڻ سبب ٿيندي آهي۔ == گيلري == <gallery> File:Gray796.png|ريڙهه جي هڏي جو حصو، ساڄي پاسي کان ڏيکاريل، جتي ڊُورا کولي تنتي پاڙون ڏيکاريل آهن File:Gray797.png|جلدي تنتن جي ورڇ (سامهون وارو پاسو) File:Gray798.png|جلدي تنتن جي ورڇ (پٺيون پاسو) File:Sobo 1909 611.png|ريڙهه جي هڏي، جتي [[ڊورا ميٽر (دماغي جھلي)|ڊورا]] کي ڪٽي ريڙهي تنتن جا نڪرڻ وارا هنڌ ڏيکاريل آهن File:Sobo 1909 613.png|ريڙهه جي هڏي ڏيکاري ٿي ته اڳيون ۽ پٺيون پاڙون ڪيئن گڏ ٿين ٿيون File:Sobo 1909 614.png|ريڙهه جي هڏي جو ڊگهو منظر File:Sobo 1909 615.png|ريڙهه جي هڏي مان تنتن ڏانهن پروجيڪشن (ڳاڙهو حرڪتي، نيرو حسي) File:Sobo 1909 616.png|ريڙهه جي هڏي مان تنتن ڏانهن پروجيڪشن (ڳاڙهو حرڪتي، نيرو حسي) File:Cervical plexus.gif|گردني تنتي ڄار جو خاڪو </gallery> <gallery caption="ڪٽائي جون تصويرون"> File:Slide2PIT.JPG|[[سيريبريم (دماغ)|سيريبريم]]، هيٺيون منظر، گہري ڪٽائي File:Slide3PIT.JPG|[[سيريبريم (دماغ)|سيريبريم]]، هيٺيون منظر، گہري ڪٽائي File:Slide2VAS.JPG|ريڙهي تنتون، ريڙهه جي هڏي ۽ مهرن جو ناليو، گہري ڪٽائي </gallery> == پڻ ڏسو == * [[پلڪسس]] * [[تنتي ڄار]] :* [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]] * [[کرينيل تنتون]] == حوالا == {{reflist}} {{refbegin}} * Blumenfeld H. 'نيورو اناٽامي ٿرو ڪلينڪل ڪيسز'. سنڊرلينڊ: سيناور ايسوسيئيٽس؛ 2002۔ * Drake RL، Vogl W، Mitchell AWM۔ 'گريز اناٽامي فار اسٽوڊنٽس'. نيو يارڪ: ايلسوئير؛ 2005۔ * Ropper AH، Samuels MA۔ 'ايڊمز ۽ وڪٽر جا اصولِ نيورولوجي'. نائون ايڊيشن۔ نيو يارڪ: ميڪگرو هِل؛ 2009۔ {{refend}} {{Nervous system}} {{Spinal nerves}} {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:پيريفيرل تنتي نظام]] [[زمرو:ريڙهي تنت]] eef6qmzr3eaacdp586ocx2lxw6gdypk 373307 373306 2026-04-24T21:09:13Z Intisar Ali 8681 373307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|اهڙي تنت جيڪا ريڙهه جي هڏي ۽ جسم جي وچ ۾ سگنلن کي منتقل ڪري ٿي}} {{Infobox nerve | Name = ريڙهي تنت | Latin = nervus spinalis | Image = spinal nerve.svg | Caption = ريڙهي تنت جي ٺهڻ پٺين ۽ اڳين پاڙن مان | Image2 = | Innervates = | BranchFrom = | BranchTo = }} '''ريڙهي تنت''' هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] آهي، جيڪا [[حرڪتي نيورون|حرڪتي]]، [[حسي نيورون|حسي]] ۽ [[خودڪار تنتي نظام|خودڪار]] سگنلن کي [[ريڙهه جي هڏي]] ۽ جسم جي وچ ۾ منتقل ڪري ٿي۔ انسان جي جسم ۾ ريڙهي [[تنت]]ن جا 31 جوڙا هوندا آهن، جيڪي [[ريڙهي ستون]] جي ٻنهي پاسن تي هڪ هڪ موجود هوندا آهن۔<ref name="Kaiser">{{cite book |last1=Kaiser |first1=JT |last2=Lugo-Pico |first2=JG |title=Neuroanatomy, Spinal Nerves. |date=January 2024 |pmid=31194375}}</ref><ref name="AANS">{{cite web |title=A Neurosurgeon’s Overview of the Anatomy of the Spine and Peripheral Nervous System |url=https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Anatomy-of-the-Spine-and-Peripheral-Nervous-System |website=www.aans.org |access-date=21 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> اهي تنتون ريڙهه جي مختلف حصن موجب ورهايل آهن: [[گردني مهرن|گردني]]، [[ٿوريڪڪ مهرن|ٿوريڪڪ]]، [[لمبر مهرن|لمبر]]، [[سيڪرَل مهرن|سيڪرَل]] ۽ [[ڪوڪسيجيئل مهرن|ڪوڪسيجيئل]] علائقا۔<ref name="Kaiser"/> انهن ۾ اٺ جوڙا '''گردني تنتن''' جا، ٻارهن جوڙا '''ٿوريڪڪ تنتن''' جا، پنج جوڙا '''لمبر تنتن''' جا، پنج جوڙا '''سيڪرَل تنتن''' جا، ۽ هڪ جوڙو '''ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتن''' جو هوندو آهي۔ ريڙهي تنتون [[پيريفيرل تنتي نظام]] جو حصو آهن۔<ref name="Kaiser" /> == بناوٽ == [[File:Gray675.png|thumb|left|240px|ريڙهي تنت]] [[File:Cervical vertebra english.png|thumb|240px|عام ريڙهي تنت جو هنڌ]] هر '''ريڙهي تنت''' هڪ [[مخلوط تنت]] هوندي آهي، جيڪا [[تنتي پاڙ]]ن جي [[ايڪسون|ريشن]] مان ٺهندي آهي، جيڪي ان جي [[ريڙهي تنت جي پٺي پاڙ|پٺين]] ۽ [[ريڙهي تنت جي اڳين پاڙ|اڳين پاڙن]] مان گڏ ٿين ٿا۔ پٺي پاڙ [[حسي ايندڙ تنتي ريشا|حسي ايندڙ]] پاڙ هوندي آهي ۽ حسي معلومات دماغ ڏانهن کڻي وڃي ٿي۔ اڳي پاڙ [[حرڪتي ويندڙ تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي ويندڙ]] پاڙ هوندي آهي ۽ حرڪتي معلومات دماغ مان کڻي اچي ٿي۔ ريڙهي تنت ريڙهه جي هڏي مان هڪ سوراخ ([[مهرن جي وچ وارو سوراخ]]) ذريعي ٻاهر نڪري ٿي، جيڪو پاڙيسري مهرن جي وچ ۾ هوندو آهي۔ اهو سڀني ريڙهي تنتن لاءِ صحيح آهي، سواءِ پهرين ريڙهي تنت (C1) جي، جيڪا [[اوڪسيپيٽل هڏي]] ۽ [[ايٽلس (پهريون مهر)]] جي وچ مان نڪري ٿي۔<ref name="Saladin1">{{cite book |last1=Saladin |first1=Kenneth S. |title=Human anatomy |date=2011 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |isbn=9780071222075 |pages=382–388|edition=3rd}}</ref> ان ڪري گردني تنتن جي ڳڻپ هيٺئين مهر جي بنياد تي ڪئي ويندي آهي، سواءِ C8 جي، جيڪا C7 جي هيٺان ۽ T1 جي مٿان موجود هوندي آهي۔ ٿوريڪڪ، لمبر ۽ سيڪرَل تنتن جي ڳڻپ وري مٿئين مهر جي بنياد تي ٿيندي آهي۔ جيڪڏهن [[لمبر مهرن جي تبديلي|لمبرائزد]] S1 مهر (جنهن کي L6 پڻ چيو وڃي ٿو) يا [[لمبر مهرن جي تبديلي|سيڪرَلائزد]] L5 مهر هجي، تڏهن به عام طور تي تنتن جي ڳڻپ L5 تائين ڪئي ويندي آهي ۽ ايندڙ تنت S1 هوندي آهي۔ [[File:Gray799.svg|thumb|right|300px|عام ريڙهي تنت جي بناوٽ جو خاڪو<br />1. [[عام جسمي حرڪتي ريشا|جسمي حرڪتي]].<br />2. [[عام جسمي حسي ريشا|جسمي حسي]].<br />3,4,5. [[عام اندرين عضون جا حرڪتي ريشا|سمپٿٽڪ حرڪتي]].<br />6,7. [[عام اندرين عضون جا حسي ريشا|خودڪار حسي]].]] ريڙهي ستون کان ٻاهر نڪرڻ کان پوءِ، تنت شاخن ۾ ورهائجي وڃي ٿي۔ [[ريڙهي تنت جي پٺي شاخ|پٺي شاخ]] ۾ اهي تنت شامل هونديون آهن جيڪي ڌڙ جي پٺين حصن کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون ۽ چمڙي ۽ پٺي جي ڏورن تائين حسي ۽ حرڪتي معلومات پهچائين ٿيون ([[ايپي ايڪسيل ڏورا]])۔ [[ريڙهي تنت جي اڳي شاخ|اڳي شاخ]] ڌڙ جي اڳين حصن ۽ مٿين ۽ هيٺين عضون کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي ([[هائيپي ايڪسيل ڏورا]]) ۽ جسم جي اڳيان ۽ پاسن وارن حصن، جسماني ڀتين ۽ عضون تائين حسي ۽ حرڪتي معلومات کڻي وڃي ٿي۔ [[ريڙهي تنت جي ميننجيل شاخون|ميننجيل شاخون]] (واپس ايندڙ ميننجيل يا سائنُوورٽيبرل تنتون) ريڙهي تنت مان نڪري وري مهرن جي وچ واري سوراخ ۾ داخل ٿين ٿيون ۽ لِگامينٽ، ڊُورا، رت جون نليون، مهرن جي وچ وارا ڊسڪ، جوڙ ۽ هڏن جي ٻاهرئين پرت کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ [[رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس]] ۾ خودڪار تنتون شامل هونديون آهن، جيڪي اندرين عضون تائين حرڪتي ۽ حسي سگنل پهچائين ٿيون۔ ڪجهه اڳيون شاخون هڪ ٻئي سان ملي ڪري [[تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿيون، جيڪو پاڻ ۾ ڳنڍيل تنتن جو هڪ جال هوندو آهي۔ اهڙي ڄار مان نڪرندڙ تنتن ۾ مختلف ريڙهي تنتن جا ريشا گڏجي هڪ هنڌ تائين پهچن ٿا۔ اهم [[ريڙهي تنتي ڄار]] آهن: [[گردني تنتي ڄار]]، [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]]، [[لمبر تنتي ڄار]]، [[سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ۽ ننڍو [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتي ڄار]]۔<ref name="Saladin1" /> == مختلف ھنڌن واريون تنتون == {{Further |Spinal cord#Spinal cord segments}} === گردني تنتون === [[File:Gray795.png|thumb|گردني تنتون]] '''گردني تنتون''' اهي ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي ريڙهه جي هڏي جي [[گردني ڀاڱو]] مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ جيتوڻيڪ گردني مهرون ست آهن (C1–C7)، پر گردني تنتون اٺ آهن [[گردني ريڙهي تنت 1|C1]]–[[گردني ريڙهي تنت 8|C8]]۔ C1–C7 پنهنجي لاڳاپيل مهرن جي مٿان نڪرنديون آهن، جڏهن ته C8، C7 جي هيٺان نڪري ٿي۔ باقي سڀني حصن ۾ تنت پنهنجي نالي واري مهر جي هيٺان نڪري ٿي۔ پٺئين ورڇ ۾ [[سب آڪسيپيٽل تنت]] (C1)، [[گريٽر آڪسيپيٽل تنت]] (C2) ۽ [[ٽيون آڪسيپيٽل تنت]] (C3) شامل آهن۔ اڳئين ورڇ ۾ [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] (C1–C4) ۽ [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]] (C5–T1) شامل آهن۔ گردني تنتون [[اسٽرنو هائيوئڊ ڏورو|اسٽرنو هائيوئڊ]]، [[اسٽرنوٿائيروئڊ ڏورو|اسٽرنوٿائيروئڊ]] ۽ [[او موهائيوئڊ ڏورو|او موهائيوئڊ]] ڏورن کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ تنتن جو هڪ لوپ جنهن کي [[انسا سرويائڪلس]] چيو وڃي ٿو، گردني تنتي ڄار جو حصو آهي۔ === ڇاتي واريون تنتون === ڇاتي واريون تنتون اهي ٻارهن ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي ڇاتي وارن مهرن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ هر تنت T1–T12 پنهنجي لاڳاپيل مهر جي هيٺان نڪري ٿي۔ انهن جون شاخون ريڙهه مان نڪري سڌو [[پيرا ورٽيبرل گينگليا]] ڏانهن وڃن ٿيون، جتي اهي [[خودڪار تنتي نظام]] سان لاڳاپيل عضون ۽ غدودن جي ڪم ۾ حصو وٺن ٿيون۔ ==== اڳيون ورهاست ==== [[پاسيري واريون تنتون]] T1–T11 مان نڪريون ٿيون ۽ پسليوں جي وچ ۾ هلن ٿيون۔ T2 ۽ T3 تي اضافي شاخون ٺهي [[پاسيراٽي ٻانھن واري تنت]] ٺاهين ٿيون۔ [[پاسيري ھيٺ تنت]] T12 مان نڪري ٿي ۽ ٻارهين پسلي جي هيٺان هلندي آهي۔ ==== پٺيون ورهاست ==== مٿين ڇهن ٿوريڪڪ تنتن جون وچيون شاخون [[سيميسپائينيلس ڊورسي]] ۽ [[ملٽيفيڊس]] جي وچ مان گذري انهن کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون، پوءِ [[رومبوئڊ ڏورو|رومبوئڊ]] ۽ [[ٽريپيزيوس ڏورو|ٽريپيزيوس]] کي پار ڪري چمڙي تائين پهچن ٿيون۔ هن حساس شاخ کي وچين جلدي شاخ چيو وڃي ٿو۔ هيٺين ڇهن تنتن جون وچيون شاخون خاص طور تي [[ملٽيفيڊس]] ۽ [[لانگيسمس ڊورسي]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون، ۽ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن چمڙي ڏانهن به ننڍيون شاخون ڏين ٿيون۔ هن کي پٺي واري جلدي شاخ چيو وڃي ٿو۔ === لمبر تنتون === [[File:Gray823.png|thumb|لمبر تنتي ڄار ۽ شاخون]] [[لمبر تنتون]] اهي پنج ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي لمبر مهرن مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ اهي پٺين ۽ اڳين ورهاستن ۾ ورهايل آهن۔ ==== پٺيون ورهاست ==== پٺين ورهاستن جون وچيون شاخون مهرن جي جوڙن جي ويجهو هلن ٿيون ۽ [[ملٽيفيڊس ڏورو]] ۾ ختم ٿين ٿيون۔ پاسي واريون شاخون [[ايريڪٽر اسپائناي ڏورا]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ مٿين ٽن تنتن مان جلدي شاخون نڪرنديون آهن جيڪي [[ليٽيسيمس ڊورسي]] جي اپونوروسس کي پار ڪري [[ايليئڪ ڪرسٽ]] کان ٿينديون [[نٽ]] جي چمڙي تائين پهچن ٿيون، ۽ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن [[گريٽر ٽروڪنٽر]] تائين وڃن ٿيون۔ ==== اڳيون ورهاست ==== لمبر تنتن جون اڳيون شاخون مٿان کان هيٺان وڌنديون وڃن ٿيون۔ اهي [[سمپٿٽڪ ٽرنڪ]] جي [[لمبر گينگليا]] مان ايندڙ [[گري رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس]] سان ڳنڍجن ٿيون۔ پهرين ۽ ٻئي (۽ ڪڏهن ٽئين ۽ چوٿين) لمبر تنتون [[وائيٽ رامي ڪميونيڪينٽس]] ذريعي پڻ ڳنڍيل هونديون آهن۔ اهي تنتون [[پسواس ميجر]] جي پٺيان يا ان جي وچ مان گذرن ٿيون ۽ [[ڪواڊريٽس لمبورم]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ پهرين ٽن ۽ چوٿين جي وڏي حصي مان [[لمبر تنتي ڄار]] ٺهي ٿو۔ چوٿين جو ننڍو حصو پنجين سان ملي [[لمبو سيڪرَل ٽرنڪ]] ٺاهي ٿو، جيڪو [[سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ۾ حصو وٺي ٿو۔ چوٿين تنت کي [[فرڪل تنت]] چيو وڃي ٿو۔ === سيڪرَل تنتون === [[File: Gray828.png|thumb|سيڪرَل ۽ پيوڊينڊل تنتي ڄار جو خاڪو]] '''سيڪرَل تنتون''' پنج جوڙا ريڙهي تنتون آهن جيڪي [[سيڪرم]] مان نڪرنديون آهن۔ انهن جون پاڙون ريڙهه جي هڏي ۾ [[L1 مهر]] جي سطح کان شروع ٿين ٿيون، جتان [[ڪوڊا ايڪائنا]] شروع ٿئي ٿي، ۽ پوءِ هيٺ سيڪرم ۾ داخل ٿين ٿيون۔ هر تنت ٻن حصن مان نڪري ٿي: * هڪ [[اڳيان سيڪرَل سوراخ]] مان * هڪ [[پٺيان سيڪرَل سوراخ]] مان اهي تنتون هڪ ٻئي سان ملي [[سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ۽ [[لمبو سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهين ٿيون، جيڪي [[چيلهه]]، [[ران]]، [[ٽنگ]] ۽ [[پير]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿيون۔ سيڪرَل تنتن ۾ [[حسي ايندڙ تنتي ريشا|حسي]] ۽ [[حرڪتي ويندڙ تنتي ريشا|حرڪتي]] ٻئي شامل آهن، تنهن ڪري اهي هيٺين عضون جي حس ۽ حرڪت لاءِ ذميوار آهن۔ S2، S3 ۽ S4 مان [[پيوڊينڊل تنت]] ۽ پيراسمپٿٽڪ ريشا نڪرندا آهن، جيڪي [[هيٺ لهندڙ قولون]]، [[ريڪٽم]]، [[پيشاب جي ٿيلهہ]] ۽ [[تناسلي عضوا]] کي فراهمي ڏين ٿا۔ === ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتون === ٻنهي پاسن واريون '''ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتون''' (Co) ريڙهي تنتن جو 31هون جوڙو آهن۔ اهي ڪنَس ميڊوليرس مان نڪرنديون آهن ۽ انهن جي اڳي شاخ [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتي ڄار]] ٺاهڻ ۾ حصو وٺي ٿي۔ اهي وچين ۽ پاسي واري شاخن ۾ ورهائجن ٿيون نه، پر انهن جا ريشا [[ڪوڪڪس هڏي]] جي پٺيان ۽ مٿاڇري واري چمڙي تائين [[اينوڪوڪسيجيئل تنت]] ذريعي پهچن ٿا۔ == ڪم == [[File:Gray802.png|thumb|right|ريڙهي تنتن جي پٺين ورهاستن جي جلدي شاخن جي ورڇ جا علائقا۔ وچين شاخن جا علائقا ڪارا ۽ پاسي وارن جا ڳاڙها ڏيکاريل آهن]] {{Actions by spinal nerves}} {{Clear}} == ريڙهي تنتي ڄار == [[ريڙهي تنتي ڄار]] هڪ ڄار جهڙو [[تنتي ڄار]] هوندو آهي، جيڪو [[ريڙهي تنت جي اڳين شاخ|اڳين تنتي پاڙن]] مان ٺهندو آهي، جيڪي بار بار ورهائجي ۽ پاڻ ۾ [[اناسٽو موسس (مِلڻ)|ملندا]] رهن ٿا۔ صرف ٿوريڪڪ علائقو اهڙو آهي جتي ڪو ڄار موجود ناهي۔ ننڍو [[گردني تنتي ڄار]] ڳچي ۾ هوندو آهي، [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]] ڪلهي ۾، [[لمبر تنتي ڄار]] هيٺين پٺي ۾، ان جي هيٺان [[سيڪرَل تنتي ڄار]]، ۽ سيڪرم ۽ [[ڪوڪڪس]] جي ويجهو تمام ننڍو [[ڪوڪسيجيئل تنتي ڄار]] موجود هوندو آهي۔<ref name="Saladin1"/> == طبي اهميت == ڪنهن خاص ريڙهي تنت جي پاڙ جيڪا ڏورن کي فراهمي ڏئي ٿي، ان کي ان تنت جو [[مائيوٽووم (اناٽامي)|مائيوٽووم]] چيو وڃي ٿو، ۽ چمڙي جا اهي علائقا جيڪي هر ريڙهي تنت کان حسي فراهمي حاصل ڪن ٿا، انهن کي [[ڊرماٽووم (اناٽامي)|ڊرماٽووم]] چيو وڃي ٿو۔ هڪ يا وڌيڪ تنتي پاڙن جي نقصان سان مخصوص عصبي خرابيون ظاهر ٿين ٿيون، جهڙوڪ [[ڏورن جي ڪمزوري]]، غيرمعمولي حس، ۽ ريفليڪس ۾ تبديليون، جن جي ذريعي بيماري جي هنڌ جي سڃاڻپ ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ڪيترائي طريقا [[سيڪرَل تنت جي تحريڪ]] ۾ استعمال ٿين ٿا، جيڪي مختلف لاڳاپيل بيمارين جي علاج لاءِ ڪيا وڃن ٿا۔ [[سائٽيڪا]] عام طور تي لمبر تنتن L4 يا L5، يا سيڪرَل تنتن S1، S2 يا S3 جي دٻاءَ سبب ٿيندي آهي، يا سڌو [[سائياٽڪ تنت]] جي دٻجڻ سبب ٿيندي آهي۔ == گيلري == <gallery> File:Gray796.png|ريڙهه جي هڏي جو حصو، ساڄي پاسي کان ڏيکاريل، جتي ڊُورا کولي تنتي پاڙون ڏيکاريل آهن File:Gray797.png|جلدي تنتن جي ورڇ (سامهون وارو پاسو) File:Gray798.png|جلدي تنتن جي ورڇ (پٺيون پاسو) File:Sobo 1909 611.png|ريڙهه جي هڏي، جتي [[ڊورا ميٽر (دماغي جھلي)|ڊورا]] کي ڪٽي ريڙهي تنتن جا نڪرڻ وارا هنڌ ڏيکاريل آهن File:Sobo 1909 613.png|ريڙهه جي هڏي ڏيکاري ٿي ته اڳيون ۽ پٺيون پاڙون ڪيئن گڏ ٿين ٿيون File:Sobo 1909 614.png|ريڙهه جي هڏي جو ڊگهو منظر File:Sobo 1909 615.png|ريڙهه جي هڏي مان تنتن ڏانهن پروجيڪشن (ڳاڙهو حرڪتي، نيرو حسي) File:Sobo 1909 616.png|ريڙهه جي هڏي مان تنتن ڏانهن پروجيڪشن (ڳاڙهو حرڪتي، نيرو حسي) File:Cervical plexus.gif|گردني تنتي ڄار جو خاڪو </gallery> <gallery caption="ڪٽائي جون تصويرون"> File:Slide2PIT.JPG|[[سيريبريم (دماغ)|سيريبريم]]، هيٺيون منظر، گہري ڪٽائي File:Slide3PIT.JPG|[[سيريبريم (دماغ)|سيريبريم]]، هيٺيون منظر، گہري ڪٽائي File:Slide2VAS.JPG|ريڙهي تنتون، ريڙهه جي هڏي ۽ مهرن جو ناليو، گہري ڪٽائي </gallery> == پڻ ڏسو == * [[پلڪسس]] * [[تنتي ڄار]] :* [[بريڪيئل تنتي ڄار]] * [[کرينيل تنتون]] == حوالا == {{reflist}} {{refbegin}} * Blumenfeld H. 'نيورو اناٽامي ٿرو ڪلينڪل ڪيسز'. سنڊرلينڊ: سيناور ايسوسيئيٽس؛ 2002۔ * Drake RL، Vogl W، Mitchell AWM۔ 'گريز اناٽامي فار اسٽوڊنٽس'. نيو يارڪ: ايلسوئير؛ 2005۔ * Ropper AH، Samuels MA۔ 'ايڊمز ۽ وڪٽر جا اصولِ نيورولوجي'. نائون ايڊيشن۔ نيو يارڪ: ميڪگرو هِل؛ 2009۔ {{refend}} {{Nervous system}} {{Spinal nerves}} {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:پيريفيرل تنتي نظام]] [[زمرو:ريڙهي تنت]] 68a2qijes5juudzd01gy51c1zylptk3 14 95322 373348 2026-04-25T10:51:53Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن]] 373348 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن]] brjwosfy3r5infrypxb1johv51ujq34 373349 373348 2026-04-25T10:52:50Z Ibne maryam 17680 373349 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:آمريڪي ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپنيون]] 2znzw06d0spwbequidze2gbipvlbhne 14 95323 373350 2026-04-25T10:53:16Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن]] 373350 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن]] brjwosfy3r5infrypxb1johv51ujq34 14 95324 373351 2026-04-25T10:54:06Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:آمريڪي ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپنيون]] 373351 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:آمريڪي ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ٽيليڪميونيڪيشن ڪمپنيون]] 2znzw06d0spwbequidze2gbipvlbhne 0 95325 373358 2026-04-25T11:32:04Z Ibne maryam 17680 Ibne maryam صفحي [[ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن]] کي [[انٽراڊو]] ڏانھن چوريو 373358 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[انٽراڊو]] bm6cs5kcrk578sgv0phonk0xzslbeym 0 95326 373360 2026-04-25T11:32:44Z Ibne maryam 17680 Ibne maryam صفحي [[انٽراڊو]] کي [[انٽراڊو (ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن)]] ڏانھن چوريو 373360 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[انٽراڊو (ويسٽ ڪارپوريشن)]] 9vguacp6dji6qpvuwkxdex30opn2zze